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------------------------------------ PROGRAM 1
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-- CREATION OF TABLES

-- PUBLISHER

CREATE TABLE PUBLISHER(

NAME VARCHAR(18) PRIMARY KEY,
ADDRESS VARCHAR(10),
PHONE VARCHAR(10));

-- BOOK

CREATE TABLE BOOK(

BOOK_ID INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
TITLE VARCHAR(20),
PUBLISHER_NAME VARCHAR(20),
PUB_YEAR INTEGER,
FOREIGN KEY(PUBLISHER_NAME) REFERENCES PUBLISHER(NAME) ON DELETE CASCADE);

-- BOOK_AUTHORS

CREATE TABLE BOOK_AUTHORS(

BOOK_ID INTEGER,
AUTHOR_NAME VARCHAR(20),
PRIMARY KEY(BOOK_ID),
FOREIGN KEY(BOOK_ID) REFERENCES BOOK(BOOK_ID) ON DELETE CASCADE);

-- LIBRARY_BRANCH

CREATE TABLE LIBRARY_BRANCH(

BRANCH_ID INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
BRANCH_NAME VARCHAR(18),
ADDRESS VARCHAR(15));

-- BOOK_COPIES

CREATE TABLE BOOK_COPIES(

BOOK_ID INTEGER,
BRANCH_ID INTEGER,
NO_OF_COPIES INTEGER,
 FOREIGN KEY(BOOK_ID) REFERENCES BOOK(BOOK_ID) ON DELETE CASCADE,
FOREIGN KEY(BRANCH_ID) REFERENCES LIBRARY_BRANCH(BRANCH_ID) ON DELETE
CASCADE,
PRIMARY KEY(BOOK_ID,BRANCH_ID));

-- BOOK_LENDING

CREATE TABLE BOOK_LENDING(

BOOK_ID INTEGER,
BRANCH_ID INTEGER,
CARD_NO INTEGER,
DATE_OUT DATE,
DUE_DATE DATE,
PRIMARY KEY(BOOK_ID,BRANCH_ID,CARD_NO),
FOREIGN KEY(BOOK_ID) REFERENCES BOOK(BOOK_ID) ON DELETE CASCADE,
FOREIGN KEY(BRANCH_ID) REFERENCES LIBRARY_BRANCH(BRANCH_ID) ON DELETE
CASCADE);

-- VALUES FOR TABLES

-- PUBLISHER

INSERT INTO PUBLISHER VALUES('PEARSON','BANGALORE','9875462530');

INSERT INTO PUBLISHER VALUES('MCGRAW','NEWDELHI','7845691234');
INSERT INTO PUBLISHER VALUES('SAPNA','BANGALORE','7845963210');

-- BOOK

INSERT INTO BOOK VALUES(1111,'SE','PEARSON',2005);

INSERT INTO BOOK VALUES(2222,'DBMS','MCGRAW',2004);
INSERT INTO BOOK VALUES(3333,'ANOTOMY','PEARSON',2010);
INSERT INTO BOOK VALUES(4444,'ENCYCLOPEDIA','SAPNA',2010);

-- BOOK_AUTHORS

INSERT INTO BOOK_AUTHORS VALUES(1111,'SOMMERVILLE');

INSERT INTO BOOK_AUTHORS VALUES(2222,'NAVATHE');
INSERT INTO BOOK_AUTHORS VALUES(3333,'HENRY GRAY');
INSERT INTO BOOK_AUTHORS VALUES(4444,'THOMAS');

-- LIBRARY_BRANCH

INSERT INTO LIBRARY_BRANCH VALUES(11,'CENTRAL TECHNICAL','MG ROAD');

INSERT INTO LIBRARY_BRANCH VALUES(22,'MEDICAL','BH ROAD');
INSERT INTO LIBRARY_BRANCH VALUES(33,'CHILDREN','SS PURAM');
INSERT INTO LIBRARY_BRANCH VALUES(44,'SECRETARIAT','SIRAGATE');
INSERT INTO LIBRARY_BRANCH VALUES(55,'GENERAL','JAYANAGAR');

-- BOOK_COPIES

INSERT INTO BOOK_COPIES VALUES(1111,11,5);

INSERT INTO BOOK_COPIES VALUES(3333,22,6);
INSERT INTO BOOK_COPIES VALUES(4444,33,10);
INSERT INTO BOOK_COPIES VALUES(2222,11,12);
INSERT INTO BOOK_COPIES VALUES(4444,55,3);

-- BOOK_LENDING
 INSERT INTO BOOK_LENDING VALUES(2222,11,1,'2017-01-10','2017-08-20');
INSERT INTO BOOK_LENDING VALUES(3333,22,2,'2017-07-09','2017-08-12');
INSERT INTO BOOK_LENDING VALUES(4444,55,1,'2017-04-11','2017-08-09');
INSERT INTO BOOK_LENDING VALUES(2222,11,5,'2017-08-09','2017-08-19');
INSERT INTO BOOK_LENDING VALUES(4444,33,1,'2017-06-10','2017-08-15');
INSERT INTO BOOK_LENDING VALUES(1111,11,1,'2017-05-12','2017-06-10');
INSERT INTO BOOK_LENDING VALUES(3333,22,1,'2017-07-10','2017-07-15');

-- DISPLAYING TABLES

-- BOOK
SELECT * FROM BOOK;

-- BOOK_AUTHORS
SELECT * FROM BOOK_AUTHORS;

-- PUBLISHER
SELECT * FROM PUBLISHER;

-- BOOK_COPIES
SELECT * FROM BOOK_COPIES;

-- BOOK_LENDING
SELECT * FROM BOOK_LENDING;

-- LIBRARY_BRANCH
SELECT * FROM LIBRARY_BRANCH;

-- QUERIES

-- 1) Retrieve details of all books in the library – id, title, name of

publisher, authors,
-- number of copies in each branch, etc

SELECT LB.BRANCH_NAME, B.BOOK_ID,TITLE, PUBLISHER_NAME,AUTHOR_NAME,

NO_OF_COPIES
FROM BOOK B, BOOK_AUTHORS BA, BOOK_COPIES BC, LIBRARY_BRANCH LB
WHERE B.BOOK_ID = BA.BOOK_ID AND
BA.BOOK_ID = BC.BOOK_ID AND
BC.BRANCH_ID = LB.BRANCH_ID;

-- 2) Get the particulars of borrowers who have borrowed more than 3 books,

-- but from Jan 2017 to Jun 2017.

SELECT CARD_NO
FROM BOOK_LENDING
WHERE DATE_OUT BETWEEN '2017-01-01' AND '2017-06-30'
GROUP BY CARD_NO
HAVING COUNT(*) > 3;

-- 3) Delete a book in BOOK table. Update the contents of other tables to

reflect this data
-- manipulation operation.

DELETE FROM BOOK

 WHERE BOOK_ID = '3333';

SELECT * FROM BOOK;

-- 4) Partition the BOOK table based on year of publication. Demonstrate

its working with a
-- simple query.

CREATE VIEW V_PUBLICATION AS

SELECT PUB_YEAR
FROM BOOK;
SELECT * FROM V_PUBLICATION;

-- 5)Create a view of all books and its number of copies that are currently
available in
-- the Library.

CREATE VIEW BOOKS_AVAILABLE AS

SELECT B.BOOK_ID, B.TITLE, C.NO_OF_COPIES
FROM LIBRARY_BRANCH L, BOOK B, BOOK_COPIES C
WHERE B.BOOK_ID = C.BOOK_ID AND
L.BRANCH_ID=C.BRANCH_ID;

SELECT * FROM BOOKS_AVAILABLE;

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------------------------------------ PROGRAM 2
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-- CREATION OF TABLES

-- SALESMAN

CREATE TABLE SALESMAN (

SALESMAN_ID INTEGER,
NAME VARCHAR (20),
CITY VARCHAR (20),
COMMISSION VARCHAR (20),
PRIMARY KEY(SALESMAN_ID));

-- CUSTOMER1

CREATE TABLE CUSTOMER1 (

 CUSTOMER_ID INTEGER,
CUST_NAME VARCHAR (20),
CITY VARCHAR (20),
GRADE INTEGER,
SALESMAN_ID INTEGER,
PRIMARY KEY (CUSTOMER_ID),
FOREIGN KEY(SALESMAN_ID) REFERENCES SALESMAN (SALESMAN_ID) ON DELETE SET
NULL);

-- ORDERS

CREATE TABLE ORDERS (

ORD_NO INTEGER,
PURCHASE_AMT INTEGER,
ORD_DATE DATE,
CUSTOMER_ID INTEGER,
SALESMAN_ID INTEGER,
PRIMARY KEY (ORD_NO),
FOREIGN KEY(CUSTOMER_ID) REFERENCES CUSTOMER1(CUSTOMER_ID) ON DELETE
CASCADE,
FOREIGN KEY(SALESMAN_ID) REFERENCES SALESMAN(SALESMAN_ID) ON DELETE
CASCADE);

-- VALUES FOR TABLES

-- SALESMAN

INSERT INTO SALESMAN VALUES (1000, 'JOHN','BANGALORE','25 %');

INSERT INTO SALESMAN VALUES (2000, 'RAVI','BANGALORE','20 %');
INSERT INTO SALESMAN VALUES (3000, 'KUMAR','MYSORE','15 %');
INSERT INTO SALESMAN VALUES (4000, 'SMITH','DELHI','30 %');
INSERT INTO SALESMAN VALUES (5000, 'HARSHA','HYDERABAD','15 %');

-- CUSTOMER1

INSERT INTO CUSTOMER1 VALUES (10, 'PREETHI','BANGALORE', 100, 1000);

INSERT INTO CUSTOMER1 VALUES (11, 'VIVEK','MANGALORE', 300, 1000);
INSERT INTO CUSTOMER1 VALUES (12, 'BHASKAR','CHENNAI', 400, 2000);
INSERT INTO CUSTOMER1 VALUES (13, 'CHETHAN','BANGALORE', 200, 2000);
INSERT INTO CUSTOMER1 VALUES (14, 'MAMATHA','BANGALORE', 400, 3000);

-- ORDERS

INSERT INTO ORDERS VALUES (50, 5000,'2017-05-04', 10, 1000);

INSERT INTO ORDERS VALUES (51, 450,'2017-01-20', 10, 2000);
INSERT INTO ORDERS VALUES (52, 1000,'2017-02-24', 13, 2000);
INSERT INTO ORDERS VALUES (53, 3500,'2017-04-13', 14, 3000);
INSERT INTO ORDERS VALUES (54, 550,'2017-03-09', 12, 2000);

-- DISPLAYING TABLES

-- SALESMAN
SELECT * FROM SALESMAN;
 -- CUSTOMER1
SELECT * FROM CUSTOMER1;

-- ORDERS
SELECT * FROM ORDERS;

-- QUERIES

-- 1)Count the customers with grades above Bangalore's average.

SELECT GRADE, COUNT(DISTINCT CUSTOMER_ID)

FROM CUSTOMER1
GROUP BY GRADE
HAVING GRADE > (SELECT AVG(GRADE) FROM CUSTOMER1
WHERE CITY='BANGALORE');

-- 2) Find the name and numbers of all salesmen who had more than one
customer.

SELECT SALESMAN_ID, NAME FROM SALESMAN A

WHERE 1 < (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM CUSTOMER1
WHERE SALESMAN_ID=A.SALESMAN_ID);

-- 3) List all salesmen and indicate those who have and don't have
customers in their cities (Use UNION operation.)

SELECT SALESMAN.SALESMAN_ID, NAME, CUST_NAME, COMMISSION FROM SALESMAN,

CUSTOMER1
WHERE SALESMAN.CITY = CUSTOMER1.CITY UNION
SELECT SALESMAN_ID, NAME, 'NO MATCH', COMMISSION
FROM SALESMAN
WHERE NOT CITY = ANY (SELECT CITY
FROM CUSTOMER1) ORDER BY 2 DESC;

-- 4) Create a view that finds the salesman who has the customer with the
highest order of a day.

CREATE VIEW ELITSALESMAN AS

SELECT B.ORD_DATE, A.SALESMAN_ID, A.NAME
FROM SALESMAN A, ORDERS B
WHERE A.SALESMAN_ID = B.SALESMAN_ID AND
B.PURCHASE_AMT = (SELECT MAX(PURCHASE_AMT)
FROM ORDERS C
WHERE C.ORD_DATE = B.ORD_DATE);

-- 5) Demonstrate the DELETE operation by removing salesman with id 1000.

All his orders must also be deleted.
-- Use ON DELETE CASCADE at the end of foreign key definitions while
creating child table orders and then execute the following:
-- Use ON DELETE SET NULL at the end of foreign key definitions while
creating child table customers and then execute the following:

DELETE FROM SALESMAN WHERE SALESMAN_ID=1000;

 SELECT * FROM SALESMAN;

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------------------------------------ PROGRAM 3
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-- CREATION OF TABLES

-- ACTOR

CREATE TABLE ACTOR (

ACT_ID INTEGER,
ACT_NAME VARCHAR(20),
ACT_GENDER CHAR (1),
PRIMARY KEY (ACT_ID));

-- DIRECTOR

CREATE TABLE DIRECTOR (

DIR_ID INTEGER,
DIR_NAME VARCHAR (20),
DIR_PHONE INTEGER,
PRIMARY KEY (DIR_ID));

-- MOVIES

CREATE TABLE MOVIES (

MOV_ID INTEGER,
MOV_TITLE VARCHAR (25),
MOV_YEAR INTEGER,
MOV_LANG VARCHAR (12),
DIR_ID INTEGER,
PRIMARY KEY (MOV_ID),
FOREIGN KEY (DIR_ID) REFERENCES DIRECTOR (DIR_ID));

-- MOVIE_CAST

CREATE TABLE MOVIE_CAST (

ACT_ID INTEGER,
MOV_ID INTEGER,
ROLE VARCHAR (10),
PRIMARY KEY (ACT_ID, MOV_ID),
FOREIGN KEY (ACT_ID) REFERENCES ACTOR (ACT_ID),
FOREIGN KEY (MOV_ID) REFERENCES MOVIES (MOV_ID));

-- RATING

CREATE TABLE RATING (

MOV_ID INTEGER,
REV_STARS VARCHAR (25),
PRIMARY KEY (MOV_ID),
FOREIGN KEY (MOV_ID) REFERENCES MOVIES (MOV_ID));

-- VALUES FOR TABLES

-- ACTOR

INSERT INTO ACTOR VALUES (301,'ANUSHKA','F');

INSERT INTO ACTOR VALUES (302,'PRABHAS','M');
INSERT INTO ACTOR VALUES (303,'PUNITH','M');
INSERT INTO ACTOR VALUES (304,'JERMY','M');

-- DIRECTOR

INSERT INTO DIRECTOR VALUES (60,'RAJAMOULI', 875161100);

INSERT INTO DIRECTOR VALUES (61,'HITCHCOCK', 776613891);
INSERT INTO DIRECTOR VALUES (62,'FARAN', 998677653);
INSERT INTO DIRECTOR VALUES (63,'STEVEN SPIELBERG', 898977653);

-- MOVIES

INSERT INTO MOVIES VALUES (1001,'BAHUBALI-2', 2017, 'TELUGU', 60);

INSERT INTO MOVIES VALUES (1002,'BAHUBALI-1', 2015, 'TELUGU', 60);
INSERT INTO MOVIES VALUES (1003,'AKASH', 2008, 'KANNADA', 61);
INSERT INTO MOVIES VALUES (1004,'WAR HORSE', 2011, 'ENGLISH', 63);

-- MOVIE_CAST

INSERT INTO MOVIE_CAST VALUES (301, 1002, 'HEROINE');

INSERT INTO MOVIE_CAST VALUES (301, 1001, 'HEROINE');
INSERT INTO MOVIE_CAST VALUES (303, 1003, 'HERO');
INSERT INTO MOVIE_CAST VALUES (303, 1002, 'GUEST');
INSERT INTO MOVIE_CAST VALUES (304, 1004, 'HERO');

-- RATING

INSERT INTO RATING VALUES (1001, 4);

INSERT INTO RATING VALUES (1002, 2);
INSERT INTO RATING VALUES (1003, 5);
INSERT INTO RATING VALUES (1004, 4);

-- DISPLAYING TABLES

-- ACTOR
SELECT * FROM ACTOR;

-- DIRECTOR
SELECT * FROM DIRECTOR;;

-- MOVIES
SELECT * FROM MOVIES;

-- MOVIE_CAST
SELECT * FROM MOVIE_CAST;
 -- RATING
SELECT * FROM RATING;

-- QUERIES

-- 1) List the titles of all movies directed by 'Hitchcock'.

SELECT MOV_TITLE
FROM MOVIES
WHERE DIR_ID IN (SELECT DIR_ID
FROM DIRECTOR
WHERE DIR_NAME = 'HITCHCOCK');

-- 2)Find the movie names where one or more actors acted in two or more
movies.

SELECT MOV_TITLE
FROM MOVIES M, MOVIE_CAST MV
WHERE M.MOV_ID=MV.MOV_ID AND ACT_ID IN(SELECT ACT_ID
FROM MOVIE_CAST GROUP BY ACT_ID
HAVING COUNT(ACT_ID)>1)
GROUP BY MOV_TITLE
HAVING COUNT(*) > 1;

-- 3)List all actors who acted in a movie before 2000 and also in a movie
after 2015 (use JOIN operation).

SELECT ACT_NAME, MOV_TITLE, MOV_YEAR

FROM ACTOR A
JOIN MOVIE_CAST C
ON A.ACT_ID=C.ACT_ID
JOIN MOVIES M
ON C.MOV_ID=M.MOV_ID
WHERE M.MOV_YEAR NOT BETWEEN 2000 AND 2015;

-- OR

SELECT A.ACT_NAME, A.ACT_NAME, C.MOV_TITLE, C.MOV_YEAR

FROM ACTOR A, MOVIE_CAST B, MOVIES C
WHERE A.ACT_ID=B.ACT_ID
AND B.MOV_ID=C.MOV_ID
AND C.MOV_YEAR NOT BETWEEN 2000 AND 2015;

-- 4) Find the title of movies and number of stars for each movie that has
at least one
-- rating and find the highest number of stars that movie received. Sort
the result by
-- movie title.

SELECT MOV_TITLE, MAX(REV_STARS)

FROM MOVIES
INNER JOIN RATING USING(MOV_ID)
GROUP BY MOV_TITLE
HAVING MAX(REV_STARS)>0
ORDER BY MOV_TITLE;
 -- 5) Update rating of all movies directed by 'Steven Spielberg' to 5KL

UPDATE RATING
SET REV_STARS=5
WHERE MOV_ID IN (SELECT MOV_ID FROM MOVIES
WHERE DIR_ID IN (SELECT DIR_ID
FROM DIRECTOR
WHERE DIR_NAME = 'STEVEN SPIELBERG'));

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------------------------------------ PROGRAM 4
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-- CREATION OF TABLES

-- STUDENT

CREATE TABLE STUDENT (

USN VARCHAR (10) PRIMARY KEY,
SNAME VARCHAR (25),
ADDRESS VARCHAR (25),
PHONE INTEGER,
GENDER CHAR (1));

-- SEMSEC

CREATE TABLE SEMSEC (

SSID VARCHAR (5) PRIMARY KEY,
SEM INTEGER,
SEC CHAR (1));

-- CLASS

CREATE TABLE CLASS (

USN VARCHAR (10),
SSID VARCHAR (5),
PRIMARY KEY (USN, SSID),
FOREIGN KEY (USN) REFERENCES STUDENT (USN),
FOREIGN KEY (SSID) REFERENCES SEMSEC (SSID));

-- SUBJECT

CREATE TABLE SUBJECT (

SUBCODE VARCHAR (8),
TITLE VARCHAR (20),
SEM INTEGER,
 CREDITS INTEGER,
PRIMARY KEY (SUBCODE));

-- IAMARKS

CREATE TABLE IAMARKS (

USN VARCHAR (10),
SUBCODE VARCHAR (8),
SSID VARCHAR (5),
TEST1 INTEGER,
TEST2 INTEGER,
TEST3 INTEGER,
FINALIA INTEGER,
PRIMARY KEY (USN, SUBCODE, SSID),
FOREIGN KEY (USN) REFERENCES STUDENT (USN),
FOREIGN KEY (SUBCODE) REFERENCES SUBJECT (SUBCODE),
FOREIGN KEY (SSID) REFERENCES SEMSEC (SSID));

-- VALUES FOR TABLES

-- STUDENT

INSERT INTO STUDENT VALUES

('1RN13CS020','AKSHAY','BELAGAVI',887788112,'M');
INSERT INTO STUDENT VALUES
('1RN13CS062','SANDHYA','BENGALURU',772282991,'F');
INSERT INTO STUDENT VALUES
('1RN13CS091','TEESHA','BENGALURU',771231231,'F');
INSERT INTO STUDENT VALUES
('1RN13CS066','SUPRIYA','MANGALURU',887788112,'F');
INSERT INTO STUDENT VALUES
('1RN14CS010','ABHAY','BENGALURU',990021120,'M');
INSERT INTO STUDENT VALUES
('1RN14CS032','BHASKAR','BENGALURU',992321109,'M');
INSERT INTO STUDENT VALUES ('1RN14CS025','ASMI','BENGALURU',
789473737,'F');
INSERT INTO STUDENT VALUES ('1RN15CS011','AJAY','TUMKUR', 984509134,'M');
INSERT INTO STUDENT VALUES
('1RN15CS029','CHITRA','DAVANGERE',769677211,'F');
INSERT INTO STUDENT VALUES ('1RN15CS045','JEEVA','BELLARY', 994485012,'M');
INSERT INTO STUDENT VALUES
('1RN15CS091','SANTOSH','MANGALURU',881233220,'M');
INSERT INTO STUDENT VALUES
('1RN16CS045','ISMAIL','KALBURGI',990023221,'M');
INSERT INTO STUDENT VALUES
('1RN16CS088','SAMEERA','SHIMOGA',990554221,'F');
INSERT INTO STUDENT VALUES
('1RN16CS122','VINAYAKA','CHIKAMAGALUR',880088001,'M');

-- SEMSEC

INSERT INTO SEMSEC VALUES ('CSE8A', 8,'A');

INSERT INTO SEMSEC VALUES ('CSE8B', 8,'B');
INSERT INTO SEMSEC VALUES ('CSE8C', 8,'C');
INSERT INTO SEMSEC VALUES ('CSE7A', 7,'A');
INSERT INTO SEMSEC VALUES ('CSE7B', 7,'B');
INSERT INTO SEMSEC VALUES ('CSE7C', 7,'C');
INSERT INTO SEMSEC VALUES ('CSE6A', 6,'A');
INSERT INTO SEMSEC VALUES ('CSE6B', 6,'B');
INSERT INTO SEMSEC VALUES ('CSE6C', 6,'C');
INSERT INTO SEMSEC VALUES ('CSE5A', 5,'A');
INSERT INTO SEMSEC VALUES ('CSE5B', 5,'B');
INSERT INTO SEMSEC VALUES ('CSE5C', 5,'C');
INSERT INTO SEMSEC VALUES ('CSE4A', 4,'A');
INSERT INTO SEMSEC VALUES ('CSE4B', 4,'B');
INSERT INTO SEMSEC VALUES ('CSE4C', 4,'C');
INSERT INTO SEMSEC VALUES ('CSE3A', 3,'A');
INSERT INTO SEMSEC VALUES ('CSE3B', 3,'B');
INSERT INTO SEMSEC VALUES ('CSE3C', 3,'C');
INSERT INTO SEMSEC VALUES ('CSE2A', 2,'A');
INSERT INTO SEMSEC VALUES ('CSE2B', 2,'B');
INSERT INTO SEMSEC VALUES ('CSE2C', 2,'C');
INSERT INTO SEMSEC VALUES ('CSE1A', 1,'A');
INSERT INTO SEMSEC VALUES ('CSE1B', 1,'B');
INSERT INTO SEMSEC VALUES ('CSE1C', 1,'C');

-- CLASS

INSERT INTO CLASS VALUES ('1RN13CS020','CSE8A');

INSERT INTO CLASS VALUES ('1RN13CS062','CSE8A');
INSERT INTO CLASS VALUES ('1RN13CS066','CSE8B');
INSERT INTO CLASS VALUES ('1RN13CS091','CSE8C');
INSERT INTO CLASS VALUES ('1RN14CS010','CSE7A');
INSERT INTO CLASS VALUES ('1RN14CS025','CSE7A');
INSERT INTO CLASS VALUES ('1RN14CS032','CSE7A');
INSERT INTO CLASS VALUES ('1RN15CS011','CSE4A');
INSERT INTO CLASS VALUES ('1RN15CS029','CSE4A');
INSERT INTO CLASS VALUES ('1RN15CS045','CSE4B');
INSERT INTO CLASS VALUES ('1RN15CS091','CSE4C');

-- SUBJECT

INSERT INTO SUBJECT VALUES ('10CS81','ACA', 8, 4);

INSERT INTO SUBJECT VALUES ('10CS82','SSM', 8, 4);
INSERT INTO SUBJECT VALUES ('10CS83','NM', 8, 4);
INSERT INTO SUBJECT VALUES ('10CS84','CC', 8, 4);
INSERT INTO SUBJECT VALUES ('10CS85','PW', 8, 4);
INSERT INTO SUBJECT VALUES ('10CS71','OOAD', 7, 4);
INSERT INTO SUBJECT VALUES ('10CS72','ECS', 7, 4);
INSERT INTO SUBJECT VALUES ('10CS73','PTW', 7, 4);
INSERT INTO SUBJECT VALUES ('10CS74','DWDM', 7, 4);
INSERT INTO SUBJECT VALUES ('10CS75','JAVA', 7, 4);
INSERT INTO SUBJECT VALUES ('10CS76','SAN', 7, 4);
INSERT INTO SUBJECT VALUES ('15CS51', 'ME', 5, 4);
INSERT INTO SUBJECT VALUES ('15CS52','CN', 5, 4);
INSERT INTO SUBJECT VALUES ('15CS53','DBMS', 5, 4);
INSERT INTO SUBJECT VALUES ('15CS54','ATC', 5, 4);
INSERT INTO SUBJECT VALUES ('15CS55','JAVA', 5, 3);
INSERT INTO SUBJECT VALUES ('15CS56','AI', 5, 3);
INSERT INTO SUBJECT VALUES ('15CS41','M4', 4, 4);
INSERT INTO SUBJECT VALUES ('15CS42','SE', 4, 4);
INSERT INTO SUBJECT VALUES ('15CS43','DAA', 4, 4);
INSERT INTO SUBJECT VALUES ('15CS44','MPMC', 4, 4);
INSERT INTO SUBJECT VALUES ('15CS45','OOC', 4, 3);
INSERT INTO SUBJECT VALUES ('15CS46','DC', 4, 3);
INSERT INTO SUBJECT VALUES ('15CS31','M3', 3, 4);
 INSERT INTO SUBJECT VALUES ('15CS32','ADE', 3, 4);
INSERT INTO SUBJECT VALUES ('15CS33','DSA', 3, 4);
INSERT INTO SUBJECT VALUES ('15CS34','CO', 3, 4);
INSERT INTO SUBJECT VALUES ('15CS35','USP', 3, 3);
INSERT INTO SUBJECT VALUES ('15CS36','DMS', 3, 3);

-- IAMARKS

INSERT INTO IAMARKS (USN, SUBCODE, SSID, TEST1, TEST2, TEST3) VALUES
('1RN13CS091','10CS81','CSE8C', 15, 16, 18);
INSERT INTO IAMARKS (USN, SUBCODE, SSID, TEST1, TEST2, TEST3) VALUES
('1RN13CS091','10CS82','CSE8C', 12, 19, 14);
INSERT INTO IAMARKS (USN, SUBCODE, SSID, TEST1, TEST2, TEST3) VALUES
('1RN13CS091','10CS83','CSE8C', 19, 15, 20);
INSERT INTO IAMARKS (USN, SUBCODE, SSID, TEST1, TEST2, TEST3) VALUES
('1RN13CS091','10CS84','CSE8C', 20, 16, 19);
INSERT INTO IAMARKS (USN, SUBCODE, SSID, TEST1, TEST2, TEST3) VALUES
('1RN13CS091','10CS85','CSE8C', 15, 15, 12);

-- DISPLAYING TABLES

-- STUDENT
SELECT * FROM STUDENT;

-- SEMSEC
SELECT * FROM SEMSEC;

-- CLASS
SELECT * FROM CLASS;

-- SUBJECT
SELECT * FROM SUBJECT;

-- IAMARKS
SELECT * FROM IAMARKS;

-- QUERIES

-- 1) List all the student details studying in fourth semester 'C' section.

SELECT S.*, SS.SEM, SS.SEC

FROM STUDENT S, SEMSEC SS, CLASS C
WHERE S.USN = C.USN AND
SS.SSID = C.SSID AND
SS.SEM = 4 AND
SS.SEC = 'C';

-- 2) Compute the total number of male and female students in each semester
and in eachsection.

SELECT SS.SEM, SS.SEC, S.GENDER, COUNT(S.GENDER) AS COUNT

FROM STUDENT S, SEMSEC SS, CLASS C
WHERE S.USN = C.USN AND
SS.SSID = C.SSID
GROUP BY SS.SEM, SS.SEC, S.GENDER
ORDER BY SEM;
 -- 3) Create a view of Test1 marks of student USN '1RN13CS091' in all
subjects.

CREATE VIEW STU_TEST1_MARKS_VIEW

AS
SELECT TEST1, SUBCODE
FROM IAMARKS
WHERE USN = '1RN13CS091';

SELECT * FROM STU_TEST1_MARKS_VIEW;

-- 4) Calculate the FinalIA (average of best two test marks) and update the
corresponding table for all students.

UPDATE IAMARKS
SET FINALIA=GREATEST(TEST1+TEST2,TEST2+TEST3,TEST1+TEST3)/2;
SELECT * FROM IAMARKS;

-- 5) Categorize students based on the following criterion:

-- If FinalIA = 17 to 20 then CAT = 'Outstanding'
-- If FinalIA = 12 to 16 then CAT = 'Average'
-- If FinalIA< 12 then CAT = 'Weak'
-- Give these details only for 8 th semester A, B, and C section
students.

SELECT S.USN,S.SNAME,S.ADDRESS,S.PHONE,S.GENDER,
(CASE
WHEN IA.FINALIA BETWEEN 17 AND 20 THEN 'OUTSTANDING'
WHEN IA.FINALIA BETWEEN 12 AND 16 THEN 'AVERAGE'
ELSE 'WEAK'
END) AS CAT
FROM STUDENT S, SEMSEC SS, IAMARKS IA, SUBJECT SUB
WHERE S.USN = IA.USN AND
SS.SSID = IA.SSID AND
SUB.SUBCODE = IA.SUBCODE AND
SUB.SEM = 8;

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------------------------------------ PROGRAM 5
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-- CREATION OF TABLES

-- EMPLOYEE

CREATE TABLE EMPLOYEE (

SSN VARCHAR(10) PRIMARY KEY,
FNAME VARCHAR(20),
LNAME VARCHAR(20),
ADDRESS VARCHAR(25),
SEX CHAR(1),
SALARY INTEGER,
SUPERSSN VARCHAR(10),
DNO VARCHAR(10),
FOREIGN KEY(SUPERSSN) REFERENCES EMPLOYEE(SSN));

-- DEPARTMENT

CREATE TABLE DEPARTMENT(

DNO VARCHAR(10) PRIMARY KEY,
DNAME VARCHAR(20),
MGRSTARTDATE DATE,
MGRSSN VARCHAR(10),
FOREIGN KEY(MGRSSN) REFERENCES EMPLOYEE(SSN));

-- ALTERING EMPLPOYEE

ALTER TABLE EMPLOYEE

ADD FOREIGN KEY(DNO) REFERENCES DEPARTMENT(DNO);

-- DLOCATION

CREATE TABLE DLOCATION(

DLOC VARCHAR(20),
DNO VARCHAR(10) PRIMARY KEY,
FOREIGN KEY(DNO) REFERENCES DEPARTMENT(DNO));

-- PROJECT

CREATE TABLE PROJECT(

PNO VARCHAR(20),
PNAME VARCHAR(20),
PLOCATION VARCHAR(20),
DNO VARCHAR(10),
PRIMARY KEY(PNO),
FOREIGN KEY(DNO) REFERENCES DEPARTMENT(DNO));

-- WORKS_ON

CREATE TABLE WORKS_ON(

HOURS VARCHAR(10),
SSN VARCHAR(10),
PNO VARCHAR(20),
PRIMARY KEY(SSN,PNO),
FOREIGN KEY(SSN) REFERENCES EMPLOYEE(SSN),
FOREIGN KEY(PNO) REFERENCES PROJECT(PNO));

-- VALUES FOR TABLES

-- EMPLOYEE

INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE (SSN, FNAME, LNAME, ADDRESS, SEX, SALARY) VALUES
('RNSECE01','JOHN','SCOTT','BANGALORE','M', 450000);
INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE (SSN, FNAME, LNAME, ADDRESS, SEX, SALARY) VALUES
('RNSCSE01','JAMES','SMITH','BANGALORE','M', 500000);
INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE (SSN, FNAME, LNAME, ADDRESS, SEX, SALARY) VALUES
('RNSCSE02','HEARN','BAKER','BANGALORE','M', 700000);
INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE (SSN, FNAME, LNAME, ADDRESS, SEX, SALARY) VALUES
('RNSCSE03','EDWARD','SCOTT','MYSORE','M', 500000);
INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE (SSN, FNAME, LNAME, ADDRESS, SEX, SALARY) VALUES
('RNSCSE04','PAVAN','HEGDE','MANGALORE','M', 650000);
INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE (SSN, FNAME, LNAME, ADDRESS, SEX, SALARY) VALUES
('RNSCSE05','GIRISH','MALYA','MYSORE','M', 450000);
INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE (SSN, FNAME, LNAME, ADDRESS, SEX, SALARY) VALUES
('RNSCSE06','NEHA','SN','BANGALORE','F', 800000);
INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE (SSN, FNAME, LNAME, ADDRESS, SEX, SALARY) VALUES
('RNSACC01','AHANA','K','MANGALORE','F', 350000);
INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE (SSN, FNAME, LNAME, ADDRESS, SEX, SALARY) VALUES
('RNSACC02','SANTHOSH','KUMAR','MANGALORE','M', 300000);
INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE (SSN, FNAME, LNAME, ADDRESS, SEX, SALARY) VALUES
('RNSISE01','VEENA','M','MYSORE','M', 600000);
INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE (SSN, FNAME, LNAME, ADDRESS, SEX, SALARY) VALUES
('RNSIT01','NAGESH','HR','BANGALORE','M', 500000);

-- DEPARTMENT

INSERT INTO DEPARTMENT VALUES ('1','ACCOUNTS','2001-01-01','RNSACC02');

INSERT INTO DEPARTMENT VALUES ('2','IT','2016-07-01','RNSIT01');
INSERT INTO DEPARTMENT VALUES ('3','ECE','2008-06-01','RNSECE01');
INSERT INTO DEPARTMENT VALUES ('4','ISE','2015-07-01','RNSISE01');
INSERT INTO DEPARTMENT VALUES ('5','CSE','2002-06-01','RNSCSE05');

-- UPDATING SUPERSSN AND DNO FOR EMPLPOYEE TABLE

UPDATE EMPLOYEE SET SUPERSSN = NULL , DNO='3' WHERE SSN='RNSECE01';

UPDATE EMPLOYEE SET SUPERSSN = 'RNSCSE02', DNO='5' WHERE SSN = 'RNSCSE01';
UPDATE EMPLOYEE SET SUPERSSN = 'RNSCSE03', DNO='5' WHERE SSN = 'RNSCSE02';
UPDATE EMPLOYEE SET SUPERSSN = 'RNSCSE04', DNO='5' WHERE SSN = 'RNSCSE03';
UPDATE EMPLOYEE SET SUPERSSN = 'RNSCSE05', DNO='5' WHERE SSN = 'RNSCSE04';
UPDATE EMPLOYEE SET SUPERSSN = 'RNSCSE06', DNO='5' WHERE SSN = 'RNSCSE05';
UPDATE EMPLOYEE SET SUPERSSN = NULL , DNO='5' WHERE SSN = 'RNSCSE06';
UPDATE EMPLOYEE SET SUPERSSN = 'RNSACC02', DNO='1' WHERE SSN = 'RNSACC01';
UPDATE EMPLOYEE SET SUPERSSN = NULL , DNO='1' WHERE SSN = 'RNSACC02';
UPDATE EMPLOYEE SET SUPERSSN = NULL , DNO='4' WHERE SSN = 'RNSISE01';
UPDATE EMPLOYEE SET SUPERSSN = NULL , DNO='2' WHERE SSN = 'RNSIT01';

-- DLOCATION

INSERT INTO DLOCATION VALUES ('BANGALORE', '1');

INSERT INTO DLOCATION VALUES ('BANGALORE', '2');
INSERT INTO DLOCATION VALUES ('BANGALORE', '3');
INSERT INTO DLOCATION VALUES ('MANGALORE', '4');
INSERT INTO DLOCATION VALUES ('MANGALORE', '5');

-- PROJECT

INSERT INTO PROJECT VALUES (100,'IOT','BANGALORE','5');

INSERT INTO PROJECT VALUES (101,'CLOUD','BANGALORE','5');
INSERT INTO PROJECT VALUES (102,'BIGDATA','BANGALORE','5');
INSERT INTO PROJECT VALUES (103,'SENSORS','BANGALORE','3');
INSERT INTO PROJECT VALUES (104,'BANK MANAGEMENT','BANGALORE','1');
 INSERT INTO PROJECT VALUES (105,'SALARY MANAGEMENT','BANGALORE','1');
INSERT INTO PROJECT VALUES (106,'OPENSTACK','BANGALORE','4');
INSERT INTO PROJECT VALUES (107,'SMART CITY','BANGALORE','2');

-- WORKS_ON

INSERT INTO WORKS_ON VALUES (4, 'RNSCSE01', 100);

INSERT INTO WORKS_ON VALUES (6, 'RNSCSE01', 101);
INSERT INTO WORKS_ON VALUES (8, 'RNSCSE01', 102);
INSERT INTO WORKS_ON VALUES (10, 'RNSCSE02', 100);
INSERT INTO WORKS_ON VALUES (3, 'RNSCSE04', 100);
INSERT INTO WORKS_ON VALUES (4, 'RNSCSE05', 101);
INSERT INTO WORKS_ON VALUES (5, 'RNSCSE06', 102);
INSERT INTO WORKS_ON VALUES (6, 'RNSCSE03', 102);
INSERT INTO WORKS_ON VALUES (7, 'RNSECE01', 103);
INSERT INTO WORKS_ON VALUES (5, 'RNSACC01', 104);
INSERT INTO WORKS_ON VALUES (6, 'RNSACC02', 105);
INSERT INTO WORKS_ON VALUES (4, 'RNSISE01', 106);
INSERT INTO WORKS_ON VALUES (10, 'RNSIT01', 107);

-- DISPLAYING TABLES

-- EMPLOYEE
SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE;
-- DEPARTMENT
SELECT * FROM DEPARTMENT ;
-- DLOCATION
SELECT * FROM DLOCATION ;
-- PROJECT
SELECT * FROM PROJECT ;
-- WORKS_ON
SELECT * FROM WORKS_ON;

-- QUERIES

-- 1) Make a list of all project numbers for projects that involve an

employee whose last name is ‘Scott’,
-- either as a worker or as a manager of the department that controls
the project.

(SELECT DISTINCT P.PNO

FROM PROJECT P, DEPARTMENT D, EMPLOYEE E WHERE E.DNO=D.DNO
AND D.MGRSSN=E.SSN AND E.LNAME='SCOTT') UNION
(SELECT DISTINCT P1.PNO
FROM PROJECT P1, WORKS_ON W, EMPLOYEE E1 WHERE P1.PNO=W.PNO
AND E1.SSN=W.SSN
AND E1.LNAME='SCOTT');

-- 2) Show the resulting salaries if every employee working on the ‘IoT’

project is given a 10 percent raise.

SELECT E.FNAME, E.LNAME, 1.1*E.SALARY AS INCR_SAL FROM EMPLOYEE E, WORKS_ON

W, PROJECT P
WHERE E.SSN=W.SSN AND W.PNO=P.PNO AND P.PNAME='IOT';

-- 3) Find the sum of the salaries of all employees of the ‘Accounts’

department, as well as the maximum salary,
 -- the minimum salary, and the average salary in this department

SELECT SUM(E.SALARY), MAX(E.SALARY), MIN(E.SALARY), AVG(E.SALARY)

FROM EMPLOYEE E, DEPARTMENT D WHERE E.DNO=D.DNO
AND D.DNAME='ACCOUNTS';

-- 4) Retrieve the name of each employee who works on all the projects
Controlled by department number 5
-- (use NOT EXISTS operator).

SELECT E.FNAME,E.LNAME FROM EMPLOYEE E WHERE NOT EXISTS

(SELECT PNO FROM PROJECT P WHERE DNO=5 AND PNO NOT IN
(SELECT PNO FROM WORKS_ON W WHERE E.SSN=SSN));

-- 5) For each department that has more than five employees, retrieve the
department number and the number of
-- its employees who are making more than Rs. 6, 00,000.

SELECT D.DNO, COUNT(*)

FROM DEPARTMENT D, EMPLOYEE E WHERE D.DNO=E.DNO
AND E.SALARY>600000
AND D.DNO IN (SELECT E1.DNO FROM EMPLOYEE E1 GROUP BY E1.DNO HAVING
COUNT(*)>5)
GROUP BY D.DNO;

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-- VIVA QUESTIONS FROM DSATM DBMS LAB MANUAL

1. What is SQL?
Structured Query Language

2. What is database?
A database is a logically coherent collection of data with some inherent
meaning, representing some aspect of real world and
which is designed, built and populated with data for a specific purpose.

3. What is DBMS?
 It is a collection of programs that enables user to create and maintain a
database. In other words it is general-purpose
software that provides the users with the processes of defining,
constructing and manipulating the database for various
applications.

4. What is a Database system?

The database and DBMS software together is called as Database system.

5. Advantages of DBMS?
-> Redundancy is controlled.
-> Unauthorized access is restricted.
-> Providing multiple user interfaces.
-> Enforcing integrity constraints.
-> Providing backup and recovery.

6. Disadvantage in File Processing System?

-> Data redundancy & inconsistency.
-> Difficult in accessing data.
-> Data isolation.
-> Data integrity.
-> Concurrent access is not possible.
-> Security Problems.

7. Describe the three levels of data abstraction?

There are three levels of abstraction:
-> Physical level: The lowest level of abstraction describes how data are
stored.
-> Logical level: The next higher level of abstraction, describes what data
are stored in database and what relationship among
those data.
-> View level:The highest level of abstraction describes only part of
entire database.

8. Define the "integrity rules"

There are two Integrity rules.
-> Entity Integrity:States that “Primary key cannot have NULL value”
-> Referential Integrity:States that “Foreign Key can be either a NULL
value or should be Primary Key value of other relation.

9. What is extension and intension?

Extension - It is the number of tuples present in a table at any instance.
This is time dependent.
Intension -It is a constant value that gives the name, structure of table
and the constraints laid on it.

10. What is Data Independence?

Data independence means that “the application is independent of the storage
structure and access strategy of data”. In other
words, The ability to modify the schema definition in one level should not
affect the schema definition in the next higher
level.
Two types of Data Independence:
-> Physical Data Independence: Modification in physical level should not
affect the logical level.
-> Logical Data Independence: Modification in logical level should affect
the view level.
NOTE: Logical Data Independence is more difficult to achieve
 11. What is a view? How it is related to data independence?
A view may be thought of as a virtual table, that is, a table that does not
really exist in its own right but is instead
derived from one or more underlying base table. In other words, there is no
stored file that direct represents the view
instead a definition of view is stored in data dictionary.
Growth and restructuring of base tables is not reflected in views. Thus the
view can insulate users from the effects of
restructuring and growth in the database. Hence accounts for logical data
independence.

12. What is Data Model?

A collection of conceptual tools for describing data, data relationships
data semantics and constraints.

13. What is E-R model?

This data model is based on real world that consists of basic objects
called entities and of relationship among these
objects. Entities are described in a database by a set of attributes.

14. What is Object Oriented model?

This model is based on collection of objects. An object contains values
stored in instance variables within the object. An
object also contains bodies of code that operate on the object. These
bodies of code are called methods. Objects that contain
same types of values and the same methods are grouped together into
classes.

15. What is an Entity?

It is an 'object' in the real world with an independent existence.

16. What is an Entity type?

It is a collection (set) of entities that have same attributes.

17. What is an Entity set?

It is a collection of all entities of particular entity type in the
database.

18. What is an Extension of entity type?

The collections of entities of a particular entity type are grouped
together into an entity
set.

19. What is an attribute?

It is a particular property, which describes the entity.

20. What is a Relation Schema and a Relation?

A relation Schema denoted by R(A1, A2, …, An) is made up of the relation
name R and the list of attributes Ai that it
contains. A relation is defined as a set of tuples. Let r be the relation
which contains set tuples (t1, t2, t3, ...,tn).
Each tuple is an ordered list of n- values t=(v1,v2, ..., vn).

21. What is degree of a Relation?

It is the number of attribute of its relation schema.

22. What is Relationship?

It is an association among two or more entities.
 23. What is Relationship set?
The collection (or set) of similar relationships.

24. What is Relationship type?

Relationship type defines a set of associations or a relationship set among
a given set of entity types.

25. What is degree of Relationship type?

It is the number of entity type participating.

26. What is DDL (Data Definition Language)?

A data base schema is specified by a set of definitions expressed by a
special language called DDL.

27. What is VDL (View Definition Language)?

It specifies user views and their mappings to the conceptual schema.

28. What is SDL (Storage Definition Language)?

This language is to specify the internal schema. This language may specify
the mapping between two schemas.

29. What is Data Storage - Definition Language?

The storage structures and access methods used by database system are
specified by a set of definition in a special type of
DDL called data storage- definition language.

30. What is DML (Data Manipulation Language)?

This language that enable user to access or manipulate data as organized by
appropriate data model.
-> Procedural DML or Low level: DML requires a user to specify what data
are needed and how to get those data.
-> Non-Procedural DML or High level: DML requires a user to specify what
data are needed without specifying how to get those
data.

31. What is DML Compiler?

It translates DML statements in a query language into low-level instruction
that the query evaluation engine can understand.

32. What is Relational Algebra?

It is a procedural query language. It consists of a set of operations that
take one or two relations as input and produce a
new relation.

33. What is Relational Calculus?

It is an applied predicate calculus specifically tailored for relational
databases proposed by E.F. Codd. E.g. of languages
based on it are DSL, ALPHA, QUEL.

34. What is normalization?

It is a process of analyzing the given relation schemas based on their
Functional Dependencies (FDs) and primary key to
achieve the properties
-> Minimizing redundancy
-> Minimizing insertion, deletion and update anomalies.

35. What is Functional Dependency?

A Functional dependency is denoted by X Y between two sets of attributes X
and Y that are subsets of R specifies a constraint
 on the possible tuple that can form a relation state r of
R. The constraint is for any two tuples t1 and t2 in r if t1[X] = t2[X]
then they have t1[Y] = t2[Y]. This means the value of
X component of a tuple uniquely determines the value of component Y.

36. When is a functional dependency F said to be minimal?

-> Every dependency in F has a single attribute for its right hand side.
-> We cannot replace any dependency X A in F with a dependency Y A where Y
is a proper subset of X and still have a set of
dependency that is equivalent to F.
-> We cannot remove any dependency from F and still have set of dependency
that is equivalent to F.

37. What is Multivalued dependency?

Multivalued dependency denoted by X Y specified on relation schema R, where
X and Y are both subsets of R, specifies the
following constraint on any relation r of R: if two tuples t1 and t2 exist
in r such that t1[X] = t2[X] then t3 and t4 should
also exist in r with the following properties
-> t3[x] = t4[X] = t1[X] = t2[X]
-> t3[Y] = t1[Y] and t4[Y] = t2[Y]
-> t3[Z] = t2[Z] and t4[Z] = t1[Z]
where [Z = (R-(X U Y)) ]

38. What is Lossless join property?

It guarantees that the spurious tuple generation does not occur with
respect to relation schemas after decomposition.

39. What is 1 NF (Normal Form)?

The domain of attribute must include only atomic (simple, indivisible)
values.

40. What is Fully Functional dependency?

It is based on concept of full functional dependency. A functional
dependency X Y is fully functional dependency if removal
of any attribute A from X means that the dependency does not hold any more.

41. What is 2NF?

A relation schema R is in 2NF if it is in 1NF and every non-prime attribute
A in R is fully functionally dependent on primary
key.

42. What is 3NF?

A relation schema R is in 3NF if it is in 2NF and for every FD X A either
of the following is true
-> X is a Super-key of R.
-> A is a prime attribute of R.
In other words, if every non prime attribute is non-transitively dependent
on primary key.

43. What is BCNF (Boyce-Codd Normal Form)?

A relation schema R is in BCNF if it is in 3NF and satisfies additional
constraints that for every FD X A, X must be a
candidate key.

44. What is 4NF?

A relation schema R is said to be in 4NF if for every Multivalued
dependency X Y that holds over R, one of following is true
-> X is subset or equal to (or) XY = R.
 -> X is a super key.

45. What is 5NF?

A Relation schema R is said to be 5NF if for every join dependency {R1, R2,
...,Rn} that holds R, one the following is true
-> Ri = R for some i.
-> The join dependency is implied by the set of FD, over R in which the
left side is key of R.

46. What is Domain-Key Normal Form?

A relation is said to be in DKNF if all constraints and dependencies that
should hold on the constraint can be enforced by
simply enforcing the domain constraint and key constraint on the relation.