Suggestive model answer for assessment MA481 (Odd 2018)

Q. No. Question with suggestive answer Marking scheme

Q 1. Attempt any four

1a State three special characteristics Civil Engineering works and explain any one , One mark each for each
characteristic. special character listed.
Special characteristics of Civil Engineering may have any three of the One mark for brief
following; explanation any one of the
• Uniqueness of each site characters.
• Exposure to severity of nature
• Not having facility of trial analysis Examinee may come up
• Unexpected twists and turns with alternative special
• Occurrence of unpredictable outcomes characteristics and
• Due to existence of Unorganized components in the sector, difficulty alternative explanation.
in standardization.
A brief explanation of any one of the characteristics as under; Assessor shall carefully
Each construction site is unique with its own challenges, advantages and consider the views of the
features. Hence each construction becomes unique in its operation. Even examinee in spirit and
though similar operations are involved, their execution differs to meet the site judiciously assess.
condition.
Construction works are massive in size and take place in the open
atmosphere. Owing to this, they are exposed to furies of nature like extreme
heat, extreme cold, heavy rains, snow fall, sleet, wind, etc. Construction works
are also exposed to calamities like seismic attack, floods, typhoons, etc.
Unlike production sector, majority of construction works do not have the
facility of trials. This makes each construction work to rely on certain some
amount of presumptions which necessitates high factor of safety.
The site conditions spring surprises unexpectedly in construction works.
Such surprises necessitate sudden change in strategies or operation
procedures.
The designs in civil engineering works are based on many assumptions.
Such methodology some times bring unpredictable results. Such a situation
necessitates urgent review and change of strategies.
Many work components in civil engineering works do not come under
unique artisan skill. Hence multitasking is common occurrence. Also many
workmen have evolved from unskilled to skilled workers through on the job
growth only. Owing to this complete standardization of work activities as in
case of mass production industries is not a reality in construction sector.
1b Enlist any four resources (4Ms) of construction industry and explain Half mark each for each
importance of any one resource listed. resource named.
Any four of the following resources;
• Material Two marks for explaining
• Finance the importance of resource
• Human resource in construction project in a
• Machinery convincing manner.
• Time
The importance of resource can be highlighted as under If examinee names some of
the resources other than the
• Material: Construction projects involve large quantities of listed along with
variety of materials. On an approximate estimate, materials account for justification , the assessor
shall judiciously reward the
about 40 to 50 % cost of the project. Availability of right material at the examinee.
right time in right quantities helps in satisfactory progress of the project.
 • Finance: All activities involved in construction project need
expenditure of money. Cashflow matching the requirement of project
encourages satisfactory execution of the project. Hence finance is the
most important resource.
• Machinery: Construction projects need deployment of
equipment and machinery on a large scale. Machinery and equipment of
suitable type, capacity and condition helps in mechanization of the
works in the project and helps in attainment of targets.
• Human resources: Execution of construction project needs
human resource for direct execution / supervision / monitoring / services.
Experience and motivated human resource influences the progress,
quality and safety in the project.
• Time: Success of a construction project depends on the timely
completion of the project. Scheduling of project activities with right
sequencing, allocation of time, provision of time buffer helps in timely
and successful completion of project. Hence time is also an important
resource.

1c Justify necessity of scientific management in construction industry on any four

One mark for each point
points. highlighted.
Scientific management is needed in construction industry for the followingExaminee may highlight
purposes; points other than the listed.
• Scientific management involves standardized work elements Assessor has to judiciously
reward the examinee based
resulting in standard practice for execution of work resulting in on the merit of points
uniformity in work. The productivity, quality and safety improve highlighted.
with this practice.
• Scientific management involves selecting, training and
improving the personnel for each specified job thereby
improving the productivity.
• Scientific management involves cooperation with worker to
ensure that the work adheres to the set standards. This
improves the work environment and maintains harmony
amongst the work force.
• Scientific management emphasizes the principle of equal
division of responsibility between management and worker
thereby bringing harmony at the work place. The sense of
 belongingness prevails. Quality and productivity of work
improves owing to the ownership of work amongst the work
force.

1d Mention any eight principles of management out of fourteen. Half mark for each principle.

Any eight principles from the following fourteen; Examinee may use
• Division of Work alternative terms
like Incentive /
• Authority and responsibility Compensation in place of
remuneration
• Discipline
or
• Unity of command Decentralization in place of
degree of centralization
• Unity of direction Or
Motivation in place of
• Subordination of individual interest
initiative
• Remuneration Or
Unity is strength in place of
• Degree of centralization Esprit De corps
• Scalar Chain Assessor shall judiciously
• Order reward the examinee based
on the merit.
• Equity
• Stability of tenure
• Initiative
• Esprit de corps
1e Give any four functions of management and explain any one function Half mark for each function
Any four management functions from the following; of management.
• Planning Two mark for explanation of
• Organizing any one function.
• Staffing Examinee may differ in
• Directing naming the management
• Controlling functions like coordination
Explanation of the functions any be as under; in place of directing.
Planning It is the basic function of management. It deals with chalking Commanding in place of
out a future course of action & deciding in advance the most controlling.
Assessor shall judiciously
appropriate course of actions for achievement of pre-determined goals.
reward the examinee based
According to KOONTZ, “Planning is deciding in advance - what to do? on merit of answer.
when to do? & how to do? It bridges the gap from where we are &
where we want to be”.
A plan is a future course of actions. It is an exercise in problem solving
& decision making. Planning is determination of courses of action to
achieve desired goals. Thus, planning is a systematic thinking about
ways & means for accomplishment of pre-determined goals. Planning
is necessary to ensure proper utilization of human & non-human
resources
Organizing It is the process of bringing together physical, financial and
human resources and developing productive relationship amongst
them for achievement of organizational goals.
According to Henry Fayol, “To organize a business is to provide it with
everything useful or its functioning i.e. raw material, tools, capital and
personnel’s”. To organize a business involves determining & providing
human and non-human resources to the organizational structure.
Organizing as a process involves:
• Identification of activities.
• Classification of grouping of activities.
• Assignment of duties.
• Delegation of authority and creation of responsibility.
• Coordinating authority and responsibility relationships.

Staffing It is the function of manning the organization structure and

keeping it manned. Staffing has assumed greater importance in the
recent years due to advancement of technology, increase in size of
business, complexity of human behavior etc. The main purpose of
staffing is to put right man on right job i.e. square pegs in square holes
and round pegs in round holes.

According to Kootz & O’Donell, “Managerial function of staffing

involves manning the organization structure through proper and
effective selection, appraisal & development of personnel to fill the
roles designed un the structure”. Staffing involves:

• Human resource Planning

• Recruitment, Selection & Placement.
• Training & Development.
• Remuneration.
• Performance Appraisal.
• Promotions & Transfer.
Directing It is that part of managerial function which actuates the
organizational methods to work efficiently for achievement of
organizational purposes. It is considered life-spark of the enterprise
which sets it in motion the action of people because planning,
organizing and staffing are the mere preparations for doing the work.
Direction is that inert-personnel aspect of management which deals
directly with influencing, guiding, supervising, motivating sub-ordinate
for the achievement of organizational goals. Direction has following
elements:

• Supervision
• Motivation
• Leadership
• Communication
 Controlling It implies measurement of accomplishment against the
standards and correction of deviation if any to ensure achievement of
organizational goals. The purpose of controlling is to ensure that
everything occurs in conformities with the standards. An efficient
system of control helps to predict deviations before they actually occur.
According to Theo Haimann, “Controlling is the process of
checking whether or not proper progress is being made towards the
objectives and goals and acting if necessary, to correct any deviation”.
According to Koontz & O’Donell “Controlling is the measurement
& correction of performance activities of subordinates in order to make
sure that the enterprise objectives and plans desired to obtain them as
being accomplished”.
Therefore, controlling has following steps:

o Establishment of standard performance.

o Measurement of actual performance.
o Comparison of actual performance with the standards and
finding out deviation if any.
o Corrective action.

1f State stages in pre-tender planning on contractor’s side Any eight of the listed or
The pre-tender planning on contractor’s side involve stages like; similar stages.
• Reconnaissance of the project Half mark for each stage
• Ascertaining the project for which tenders are invited on the basis of
Nature, Scale, Location, Challenges, Advantages, Disadvantages etc.
• Feasibility analysis from the point of ability to execute.
• Ascertaining the cash flow to execute the project.
• Ascertaining the approximate work involved and assessing the
resources needed.
• Ensuring / Attaining the eligibility
• Exploring collaborative options.
• Ascertaining competition for the work.
• SWOT analysis of the company
• Approximation on the financial bid (preparing the approximate rates)

Q 2 Attempt any two

2a Draw Maslow’s Need Hierarchy diagram and explain the term self- Three marks for the
actualization. Diagram with labeling

Maslow’s Need Hierarchy can be expressed by the diagram as under; Three marks for the
explanation of self-
actualization.
 Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs
Self-actualization: This constitutes the uppermost stage in Maslow’s need
hierarchy. At this stage an individual experience the sense of achieving one’s
full potential. At this stage, an individual feel satisfied and starts thinking
about how he can give back to the society. At this stage individual takes to
philanthropy (Charity), Offers to mentor budding enthusiasts, offers to take to
guiding youngsters. The human resource management of organization shall
strive to achieve a stage where all the human resource in the organization
reach self-actualization by the time they retire so that the society will get
satisfied and motivated senior citizens to guide and mentor.

2b Enlist three styles of leadership and explain any one style with suitable One mark each for naming
example. one leadership style.

Any three of the following styles of leadership; Two marks for explanation
• Transformational leadership of any one style of
leadership.
• Transactional Leadership
One mark for suitable
• Autocratic Leadership
example.
• Democratic Leadership
• Laissez-Faire Leadership
• Servant Leadership
• Bureaucratic Leadership
• Charismatic Leadership
• Situational Leadership
• Transformational leadership: As the name itself suggests, this is a
visionary leadership style where the leader inspires the team
towards a major change. Generally, a transformational leader has
the vision and is assisted by a team of expert managers who work
the details of vision and execute the plans of the leader.
This style is suitable for highest level management of big
organization so as to guide the organization to new heights.
• Transactional Leadership: As the name itself suggests, this style
of leadership involves a sort of give and take transaction. Good
work is rewarded, satisfactory work is encouraged to improve and
bad work is punished.
This type of leadership is suitable for short term tasks
involving routine repetitive work generally at middle level
management like shop floor or construction site etc.
• Autocratic Leadership: This Is also called iron fisted leadership
where all the authority rests with leader. The team members
have no role in policy decision making. The leadership success
solely depends on the talent and creativity of the leader.
The style is suitable for small enterprises like sole
proprietorship companies.
• Democratic Leadership: This style encourages participation of
team members in the decision making. The leader discusses
organizational issues with team members and takes their
opinion. But the final decision and the responsibility of that
decision is of the leader.
This type of leadership is suitable when the team’s morale
is high and the tasks are somewhat novel and many open-ended
problems need to be addressed and procedures are to be
evolved.
• Laissez-Faire Leadership: Laissez-Faire stands for “free for all”.
In this type of leadership, the team is highly knowledgeable,
motivated and focused towards goals. The leader has
confidence in the team and delegates the majority decision
making to the team members.
 This type of leadership is suitable in research organizations
where the team is knowledgeable and motivated..
• Servant Leadership: Sometimes, leadership is delegated to
workers at bottom rung. Such leadership is called servant
leadership. The worker with experience is assigned leadership
authority to guide a team of equals. The success of this type
leadership rests on the confidence of the group on the leader
from amongst themselves.
This style of leadership is suitable to overcome ground
kevel working problems.
• Bureaucratic Leadership: In highly regulated organizations
like government / semi government setups, the leadership
authority comes through a set of rules. The leader gets power
by virtue of the position he/she holds in the organization. The
entire functioning of the organization is controlled by set
codes of conduct. The style generally promotes administration
rather than management. There is limited scope for creativity
and out of the box ideas.
This style is suitable for regulated organizations like
government / semi government setups
• Charismatic Leadership: In this type of leadership, the
Charisma of the leader is the inspirational factor. The leader’s
Charisma may not be exactly in the field of work. The success
of the leadership is dependent on the presence of leader in
the work scene. As soon as the leader disappears, chaos
develops hampering the work progress.
This style of leadership is suitable to launch certain new
programmes or initiatives like safety drives / cleanliness
drives etc.
• Situational Leadership: Situation springs surprise leaders
who may not fit in the protocol of democratic or bureaucratic
leadership. New situations may result is emergence of new
 leaders who fit it to the scheme of things in the changed
situation. Such leadership may create a new wave or may
cause some uneasy environment of the organization.
This style of leadership may be suitable in emergency or
situations arising out of crisis.

2c What is Bar Chart? State three advantages and three limitations of bar charts. 1.5 marks for description of
bar chart.
Bar chart is the simplest tool used for planning and scheduling of projects. It 1.5 marks for sketch of Bar
consists of horizontal bars representing project activities. These bars are chart.
plotted against time scale taken along the horizontal axis of the plot. Each bar 1.5 marks for three
extends from the time of start of an activity to the time of end of the activity. advantages
The interdependency of activities is indicated by properly showing the link 1.5 marks for three
between the completion of preceding activities and the commencement of disadvantages.
following activity. Example of a simple bar chart is as under Examinee may not draw
sketch but give exhaustive
description in words. Marks
can be accordingly awarded.
Examinee may come up
with alternative advantages
and limitations. Assessor
shall judiciously reward
merit of the answer.

Advantages of Bar Chart

• Simple to construct.
• Easy to understand and interpret.
• Can show interdependency.
Limitations of Bar Chart
• Shows only the start and end of activity, does not show progress of
work.
• Complicated interdependencies cannot be shown.
• Becomes difficult when project involves large number of activities
 Q 3. Attempt any two

3a Four marks for Constructing

CPM network
Consider rewarding
proportionately for partially
correct networks.

Two marks for forward pass

/ Backward pass and
working out project
duration.
Consider rewarding
proportionately for partially
correct answers like
completing forward pass
but not mentioning the
project duration.

Duration of the project is 14 weeks

3b For the problem in question 3 a, , calculate EST, LST, EFT , LFT and float in a One mark each for correct
tabular manner. calculation of
Activity Duration EST LST EFT LFT Total Float = [(LFT-EST) – EST/LST/EFT/LFT
Duration] Consider rewarding
Or proportionately for partial
Total Float = LST – EST correctness.
Or Two marks for correct
Total Float = LFT-EFT calculation of total float.
P 2 0 0 2 2 0 Consider rewarding
Q 5 2 4 7 9 2 proportionately for partial
R 6 2 2 8 8 0 correctness.
S 4 7 9 11 13 2
T 5 8 8 13 13 0
U 1 13 13 14 14 0
3c Define PERT. Compare CPM and PERT on any four points. Two marks for the
Programme Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) is a project scheduling definition of PERT
methodology which adopts three time estimates for activity duration. The time
estimates are; One mark each for a valid
Optimistic time (to) comparison between PERT
Most likely time (tm) & CPM
Pessimistic time (tp)
The estimated time for completion of activity is calculated by the formula
Estimated time te = [ to + 4tm + tp ] /6
PERT is adopted for projects where the activities unpredictable and their
durations are calculatedly guessed.
 Comparison of CPM and PERT on any four of the following criteria
Criteria PERT CPM
Orientation Event Oriented Activity Oriented
Evolution Evolved for research Evolved for projects
and development with repetitive
Project activities
Model Probabilistic model Deterministic Model
Focus on Time Time & Cost tradeoff
Time Estimates Three Single
Concept of crashing Not applicable applicable
Appropriate for Precise time estimates Reasonable time
estimates
Differentiation No differentiation Differentiated
between critical and
non critical activities

Q 4 . Attempt any four

4a State types of communication and justify the most suitable type on Half marks each for mode
construction site at the start of working shift. of communication listed
Listing any four of the following modes of communication; (maximum 2 marks)
• Verbal communication
Two marks for suggesting
• Written communication most common mode of
communication in a
• Non-verbal / symbolic / sign communication
justifying manner.
• Grape-wine communication
• Formal communication
• Informal communication
At the start of working shift in a construction site intended activities are setting
targets for the shift, discussing highlighted activity for the shift, issuing special
instructions if any, discussing any problems faced in the previous shift.

The most common mode of communication is generally verbal

communication.
In case any special instruction is to be given it may be in the form of written or
through drawings / signs or symbols.
In case any special directives are received from higherups they may be
communicated in written manner.

4b Explain any four manual causes of accident on construction site One mark for each cause
Any four manual causes of accident from the following; explained.
• Accidents due to Ignorance of worker: Accidents happening due to lack of
awareness or total ignorance of worker towards safety practices come
under this category.
Examples
➢ Vehicle operator crushing worker while moving or reversing at
construction site unaware of helper’s guiding signs.
➢ Worker injuring on account of venturing in to unsafe area ignorant
of warning signs.
➢ Falling from scaffolding on account of unawareness about faulty or
improper fastening of safety belt.
 • Accidents due to Negligence of worker: Accidents occurring on account of
worker not adhering to safe practices out of negligence fall under this
category
Examples
➢ Worker Injuring due to small falling objects on account of not
wearing helmet out of negligence.
➢ Falling of worker due to not wearing safety belt.
➢ Injury to worker on account of swinging of lifting and hoisting
equipment by operator without helper’s assistance.
• Accidents due to fatigue / tiredness of worker: Workers develop fatigue on
account of monotony due to continuous working. Workers get tired due to
long hours of work or adverse weather etc. Under these distress, worker
fails to notice safety measures and cause accidents by falling from heights
or dropping objects from heights or reckless maneuvering of vehicle or
construction equipment.
• Accidents due to misjudgment of worker: Some times workers misjudge
certain handlings or maneuverings resulting in accidents like falls /
collapses / runovers / hitting against objects etc.
• Accidents due to over enthusiasm / commotion / confusion amongst
workers: Sometimes workers may become over enthusiastic and attempt
more than safely permitted lifts or pushes etc. resulting in accidents due
to failures.
Commotion caused due to surprise disturbances may cause accidents by
workers like releasing holds / dropping objects / shocking swings of
equipments.
Some times improper communication leads to confusion which causes
accidents by releasing of holds, dropping of objects.
4c State any four measures to prevent accidents on construction site. One mark for each measure
Any four measure from the following; stated. Maximum four
• Educating work force: Educate and train the workforce for safe marks.
working practices.
• Safety drills and workshops: Conduct safety drills and refresher
workshops for workforce to keep them updated with safety
practices.
• Standard operating procedures (SOP): Develop and implement
safety certified standard operation procedures (SOP) for each
and every activity involved in the project.
• Planned and surprise safety audit: Conduct periodic and
surprise safety audit to check whether SOPs are strictly adhered.
• Ensuring safety of temporary structures: Conduct strict quality
check for all temporary structures at the site in the form of
scaffolding, formwork, retaining structures, covering structures,
electric cabling work, gas supplies, storage of explosives etc.
 • Strict watch on maneuvers of equipments: Keep strict
supervision on all hoisting and swinging operations involving
handling of materials, components and tools etc.
• Cautioning: Display caution boards at strategic places.
• Safety vigilance by experts: Appoint construction safety
personal to keep round the clock safety supervision.
• Guided maneuvers of equipments and vehicles: Make
movement under the guidance of assistant mandatory for all the
movements of vehicles and mobile equipments at the
construction site.
• Reward for safety: Announce incentives / rewards of working
without accidents to teams as well as individuals.

4d Define injury frequency rate and Injury severity rate Two marks for each
definition.
• Injury frequency rate (IFR) - It is defined as the number of injuries
occurring in the construction site for one million hours of working in
the site. Mathematically IFR is calculated by the formula as under;
IFR = [(No. of accidents per year) / (No. of working hours per year)] *
1,000,000
• Injury Severity Rate (ISR) - It is defined as the number of working
days lost in per recordable accident at the construction site over one
year. Mathematically ISR is calculated by the formula as under;
ISR= (No. Of working days lost in a year)/ (No. of recordable accidents
in a year)

4e State the benefits of becoming entrepreneur in Civil Engineering Industry. One mark for highlighting
diversity of civil engineering
Civil Engineering industry is highly diversified and offers entrepreneurial industry.
opportunities in areas like; Three marks for stating any
• Execution of work. three any three
• Vendor ship for supply of inventory. entrepreneurship ventures.
• Promotor ship.
• Consultancy.
• Marketing.
• Maintenance.
• Estate management.
 Opting for entrepreneurship in any of the areas of civil Engineering industry
has benefits as under;
➢ Ever expanding demand for infrastructure offers huge scope for small
/ medium / large entrepreneurs to flourish.
➢ Opportunities like consultancy demand very less initial investment.
➢ Vendor ship demands little technical skills and can survive mainly on
business skills.
➢ Promotor ship thrives mainly on financial skills.
➢ Marketing offers opportunity for marketing skills with liaison skills .
➢ Maintenance and estate management survive on customer care
capabilities and offers long term association at the same location.

4f What factors do you consider while preparing detailed project report (DPR) to One mark for each factor.
start anew enterprise? Maximum four.
Detail Project report (DPR) is prepared to convince the agencies which offer;
➢ Financial assistance.
➢ Technical assistance.
➢ Infrastructural support
DPR is also prepared to convince the agencies offering license and clearings
like;
➢ Government agencies
➢ Environmental agencies
➢ Local bodies
In this back ground, the DPR shall have following factors;
• Business plan highlighting sustainability and growth.
• Bright Idea ensuring success to convince venture capitalists supporting
startups.
• Technical viability / practicality to interest technical collaborations.
• Profitability to interest real estate support.
• Conformity to the laws of the land to convince government agencies.
• Environmental acceptability to secure clearances from environmental
agencies.
• Fitting in the norms of local bodies for clearances.

Q 5 Attempt any two

5a State any three barriers in effective communication and also state how you will 1.5 marks for each barrier
overcome the same barriers. along with measure to
The common barriers for effective communication along with measures to overcome.
overcome areas under; Maximum 6 marks.
• Language barrier – Speaking the lingo of the audience develops the
connect. Hence adopt the language and jargons fitting the audience
to overcome barrier.
• Motive barrier – Transforming the motive of the group towards the
motive of the organization succeeds in overcoming the motive
barrier.
• Channel barrier – Adopting a channel which is accessible and
comfortable for the group eliminates channel barrier.
 • Timing of communication – Selecting the appropriate timing at
which the communication draws attention of the group helps in
removing the timing barrier.
• Awareness barrier – Creating an awareness about the purpose and
content of the communication among the group eliminates the
awareness barrier.
• Level of motivation barrier – Keeping the motivation level of the
group high, helps in making the communication successful.
• Physiological barrier – Clearing the fears and phobia and reservations
/ reluctances in the minds of the group eliminates the psychological
barrier.
5b Explain any six factors on which site layout depends One mark for each factor
with its brief explanation.
Site layout depends on factors like;
• Security – The site layout shall ensure security of all the Maximum six marks
belongings of site against sabotage / nature’s fury etc.
Alternative factors
• Space available – The site layout shall ensure space needed
mentioned by examinee
for maneuverings expected at the site without causing any shall be assessed in spirit
damage to adjoining structures. and rewarded according to
• Site accommodation and welfare facilities – The site layout merit.
shall ensure facilities for the accommodation of site personnel
along with welfare facilities like sanitation, open spaces,
medical facilities etc.
• Temporary services such as water, drainage, power – The site
layout shall have sufficient and uninterrupted supply of water
and power and also have facility for drainage of waste.
• Access to the site, impact on traffic – The site layout shall be
such that it can be accessed from vital destinations through
connecting roads.
• Storage of materials – The site layout shall have facility for
storage of materials according to the standard practices of
storage.

5c Draw a typical layout of RMC plant or Stores of a minor project. Layout sketch with labeling
fetches maximum of six
RMC plant comprises of ; marks.
• Stacking of aggregates
• Storage of binders In complete layouts or
• Storage of water partially correct layouts
• Storage of admixtures shall be appropriately
• Batching plant rewarded based on their
• Mixing plant merit.
• Conveyor systems
 • Control cabin
• Testing lab
• Internal roads for movement of hauling vehicles
• Weigh bridge
• Protective fencing
• Entry with security
• Parking area
• Workshop
A layout with majority of the above components arranged in a compact
manner is expected.

A store of a minor irrigation project under construction comprises of;

• Stacking area for materials used in the project
• Parking area for vehicles / equipments used in site.
• Store building with proper access for storing consumables
• Security cabin
• Internal roads for movement oh hauling vehicles.
• Protective fencing with entry gate.
A layout with above components in a compact manner is expected.
Q 6 Attempt any two
6a Explain any three functions of inspection department of bituminous road Two mark each for
construction. prominent inspection
function with maximum six
Bituminous road construction receives bituminous mix from hot mix plant. marks.
The received mix is spread with the help of pavers.
The spread mix is compacted with smooth wheel roller. Examinee may differ in
narrative. Proportionate
The inspection department overseeing the construction of bituminous road is marks on merit shall be
expected to carryout following function; given.
• The hot mix plant shall be visited and the conformity of mix to the
design shall be established by collecting samples of mix for laboratory
analysis to assess bitumen content, aggregate content, aggregate
gradation.
• The aggregate and binder samples shall be taken for laboratory
determination of bitumen characteristics, aggregate characteristics.
• Subgrade shall be inspected for its constituents, thickness and Cores
shall be extracted for laboratory determination of dry density
achieved.
• The bituminous mix received from the hot mix plant shall be inspected
for the temperature on receipt.
• Representative sample of mix received shall he taken for bitumen
content determination and aggregate gradation in the laboratory.
• The spread layers of bituminous mix shall be checked for un
compacted thickness and the compacted layers for compacted
thickness.
• The degree of compacting and the uniformness of compaction shall be
ascertained.
• The profile of the compacted road surface shall be inspected for
geometric design features.
• Finishing of edges of road and the merging with shoulders shall be
ensured.
6b What are sampling techniques? Describe any one with suitable example Maximum of six marks

The question is ambiguous. The student may resort to statistical sampling

techniques or sampling of materials
Assessor may reward both based on the merit of answer.
6c Enlist any three software available in market which are used widely in 1.5 marks for each software.
construction management. Also state the merit of any one such software. Naming brands is not
expected and encouraged.
The common software used in construction management are; 1.5 marks for Explaining the
• Project management software for planning and scheduling of merit of any one software.
construction projects. - Merit- Develops project plans and schedules
for complex projects and also facilitates flexible approach to make
changes in plans and schedules.
• Enterprise resource planning software for integrated comprehensive
project management. - Merit - Integrates all activities in projects
ensuring best utilization of resources and achieves resource planning.
This approach eliminates wastage and holding charges.
• Project review software for assessing project from different evaluation
criteria. – Merit – Permits evaluation based on indicators and shows
the lacuna or laggings.
• Numerous need based customized software for various activities in the
project. – Merit – these are developed according to the need of the
organization and are customized. Hence they are tailormade for the
project and offer very reliable services.