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DC Motor Speed Controller Using IC 555 Timer

This document describes a DC motor speed controller circuit using the IC 555 timer and L293D motor driver. The 555 timer generates a PWM signal with varying duty cycle controlled by a potentiometer. This PWM signal is fed to the L293D motor driver to control the speed of a DC motor by varying the average voltage. Key components include the 555 timer, L293D motor driver, resistors, capacitors, diodes, and a potentiometer. Applications include controlling the speed of motors in trains, lifts, fans, mixers, power tools, cranes, vehicles, and industrial systems.

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farazpayoneer21
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191 views

DC Motor Speed Controller Using IC 555 Timer

This document describes a DC motor speed controller circuit using the IC 555 timer and L293D motor driver. The 555 timer generates a PWM signal with varying duty cycle controlled by a potentiometer. This PWM signal is fed to the L293D motor driver to control the speed of a DC motor by varying the average voltage. Key components include the 555 timer, L293D motor driver, resistors, capacitors, diodes, and a potentiometer. Applications include controlling the speed of motors in trains, lifts, fans, mixers, power tools, cranes, vehicles, and industrial systems.

Uploaded by

farazpayoneer21
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Dc Motor Speed Controller Using IC 555 Timer

Project Report

By

Daniyal Khalid (17-EE-174)

Mukarram Faraz (17-EE-190)

Omar Farooq (17-EE-085)


Dc Motor Speed Controller Using IC 555 Timer
Introduction

The 555 Timer is capable of generating PWM signal when set up in an a stable mode. PWM is a
method through which we can generate variable voltage by turning on and off the power that’s
going to the electronic device at a fast rate. The average voltage depends on the duty cycle of the
signal, or the amount of time the signal is ON versus the amount of time the signal is OFF in a
single period of time.
Components Used

 +9v power supply


 Small DC motor
 555 Timer IC
 1K, 100R resistors
 L293D IC
 100K -220K preset or pot
 IN4148 or IN4047 x 2
 10nF or 22nF capacitor
 Switch
Circuit Diagram

Details of ICs

555 Timer IC

it consists of 2 comparators, a flip-flop, a voltage divider, a discharge transistor and an output


stage.

Here’s a basic circuit of the 555 Timer operating in an astable mode and we can notice that the
output is HIGH when the capacitor C1 is charging through the resistors R1 and R2.
On the other hand, the output of the IC is LOW when the capacitor C1 is discharging but only
through the resistor R2. So we can notice that if we change the values of any of these three
components we will get different ON and OFF times, or different duty cycle of the square wave
output signal. An easy and instant way to do this is to replace the R2 resistor with a
potentiometer, and additionally add two diodes in the circuit.

In this configuration the On time will depend on the resistor R1, the left side of the potentiometer
and the capacitor C1, while the Off time will depend on the capacitor C1 and the right side of the
potentiometer. We can also notice that in this configuration the period of one cycle, thus the
frequency, will always be the same, because the total resistance, while charging and discharging,
will remain the same.

L293D IC
L293D is a typical Motor driver or Motor Driver IC which allows DC motor to drive on either
direction. L293D is a 16-pin IC which can control a set of two DC motors simultaneously in any
direction. It means that you can control two DC motor with a single L293D IC.

IC has ability to change the direction of rotation of DC motor. This is achieved by controlling
the voltage levels at INPUT1 and INPUT2.

Enable Pin Input Pin 1 Input Pin 2 Motor Direction

High Low High Turn Right

High High Low Turn Left

High Low Low Stop

High High High Stop

Pin Configuration of ICs


555 Timer IC

L293D IC

Working of Circuit

When power is supplied, 555 TIMER generates PWM signal with a duty ratio based on the pot
resistance ratio. Because of the pot and the diode pair, here the capacitor (which triggers the
output) must charge and discharge through a different set of resistance and because of this, the
capacitor takes a different time to charge and discharge. Since the output will be high when the
capacitor is charging and is low when the capacitor is discharging, we get a difference in high
output and low output times, and so the PWM.

This PWM of timer is fed to the signal pin of L239D h-bridge to drive the DC motor. With the
varying PWM ratio we get varying RMS terminal voltage and so the speed. To change the
direction of rotation the PWM of timer is connected to the second signal pin.

APPLICATIONS

There are countless applications of speed control…Most important are

Speed control of motors used in traction for controlling speed of railway

Speed control used in lifts

Vary speed of fan, blower as per requirement

Speed control of small household mixers and big industrial mixers.

Speed control of power tools like drill machine, chapsaw etc.

Electric crane, electric vehicle, robotics and countless industrial application….

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