SLOT 1 : COMMON FORMULA OF IONS IN SPM CHEMISTRY SYLLABUS
Write The Formula Of Ions.
Cation (Positive Ions)
Sodium ion Ammonium ion
Potassium ion Zinc ion
Lithium ion Iron(II) ion
Silver ion Copper(II) ion
Copper(I) ion Manganese(II) ion
Hydrogen ion Lead(II) ion
Ammonium ion Nickel(II) ion
Silver ion Iron (III) ion
Magnesium ion Aluminium ion
Calcium ion Chromium (III) ion
Barium ion Tin(II) ion
Fluoride ion Oxide ion
Chloride ion Sulphide ion
Bromide ion Sulphate ion
Iodide ion Sulphite ion
Hydroxide ion Carbonate ion
Nitrate ion Thiosulphate ion
Nitrite ion Chromate(VI) ion
Ethanoate ion Dichromate(VI) ion
Manganate(VII)
Phosphate ion
ion
Cation (Positive Ions)
1
SLOT 2 : COMMON CHEMICAL FORMULAE IN SPM CHEMISTRY
SYLLABUS
Write The Chemical formula for given chemical substance.
Ionic Formula
Chemical Substance Chemical Formula Chemical Substance Chemical Formula
Hydrochloric acid Zinc hydroxide
Nitric acid Calcium carbonate
Sulphuric acid Sodium carbonate
Methanoic acid Potassium bicarbonate
Ethanoic acid Potassium nitrate
Phosphorus acid Lead(II) nitrate
Carbonic acid Sodium nitrate
Hypochlorous acid Lead(II) iodide
Potassium hydroxide Silver chloride
Sodium hydroxide Magnesium sulphate
Calcium hydroxide Sodium thiosulphate
Ammonia Copper(II) oxide
Magnesium hydroxide Magnesium oxide
Copper(I) hydroxide Zinc oxide
Aluminium hydroxide Sodium oxide
Iron(II) hydroxide Aluminium oxide
Iron(III) hydroxide Iron(III) oxide
2
Molecular Formula
Chemical
Chemical Formula Chemical Substance Chemical Formula
Substance
Carbon monoxide Anmonia
Carbon dioxide Water
Nitrogen monoxide Hydrogen chloride
Nitrogen dioxide Tetrachloromethane
Sulphur dioxide Glucose
Sulphur trioxide Hydrogen bromide
Fluorine Hydrogen iodide
Bromine Hydrogen sulphide
Chloride Nitrogen
Iodine Nitrogen dioxide
SLOT 3 : IDENTIFY TYPE OF PARTICLES AND COMPOUND
3
State type of particles and compounds for given chemical substance.
Chemical
Particles Chemical Substance Compound
Substance
Chlorine, Cl2 Water, H2O
Calcium carbonate, Magnesium oxide,
CaCO3 MgO
Sodium chloride,
Zinc chloride, ZnCl2
NaCl
Tetrachloromethane,
Naphthalene, C8H10
CCl4
Ethanoic acid,
Carbon dioxide, CO2
CH3COOH
Hydrogen chloride,
Zinc chloride, ZnCl2
HCl
Sulphur, S Naphthalene, C8H10
Ethanoic acid,
Helium, He
CH3COOH
Copper(II) oxide,
Chlorine, Cl2
CuO
Calcium carbonate,
Butane, C4H10
CaCO3
SLOT 4 : CONSTRUCT AND BALANCED CHEMICAL EQUATIONS
4
1. Complete the chemical equations below.
a) ____ Na + ____ Cl2 _____ NaCl
b) ____ Mg + ____ HNO3 _____ Mg(NO3)2 + ____H2
c) ____ C2H4 + _____ O2 _____ CO2 + _____H2O
d) ____ Cu + _____ AgNO3 _____ CuSO4 + ____ Ag
2. Write a balances chemical equation for each of the following reactions:
a) Sodium oxide + water sodium hydroxide
_____________________________________________________________________
b) Silver nitrate + sodium chloride silver chloride + sodium nitrate
_____________________________________________________________________
c) Sodium thiosulphate + Sulphuric acid sodium sulphate + sulphur + sulphur dioxide+ water
_____________________________________________________________________
d) Magnesium metal reacts with the chlorine gas to form solid magnesium chloride.
_____________________________________________________________________
e) Solid calcium carbonate reacts with hydrochloric acid to form calcium chloride, water
and carbon dioxide.
_____________________________________________________________________
f) Dilute sulphuric acid reacts with sodium hydroxide solution to form sodium sulphate
and water.
_____________________________________________________________________
SLOT 5 : RELATIVE ATOMIC MASS (RAM) AND RELATIVE MOLECULAR
5
MASS (RMM)
A. RELATIVE ATOMIC MASS (RAM)
Relative Atomic Mass =
B. RELATIVE MOLECULAR MASS (RMM)
Calculate the relative molecular mass for following substance below.
1.
O2
2.
CO2
3.
NaCl
4.
AgNO3
5.
C2H4
6.
Cu(OH)2
7.
Fe2O3.5H2O
8.
Mg(NO3)2
SLOT 6 : MOLE CONCEPTS
6
TEST YOURSELF :
1 Diagram 1.1 shows a syringe filled with carbon dioxide gas, CO2 at room temperature and
pressure.
Syringe Piston
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
cm3
Carbon dioxide gas
Diagram 1.1
[Relative atomic mass of C = 12 , O = 16, Molar volume = 24 dm3 mol-1 at room
temperature and pressure]
1. Calculate the number of moles of carbon dioxide gas in the syringe.
[2 marks]
2. Calculate
7
(i) the number of carbon dioxide molecules in the syringe.
[Avogadro Constant = 6.02 x 1023 mol-1 ]
[1 mark]
(ii) the number of atoms in the syringe.
[Avogadro Constant = 6.02 x 1023 mol-1 ]
[1 mark]
3. Diagram 1.2 shows 25 g of calcium carbonate, CaCO3 .
[Relative atomic mass of C = 12, O = 16, Ca = 40]
25 g of calcium carbonate
Diagram 1.2
Calculate
(i) The relative formula mass of calcium carbonate.
[1 mark]
(ii) the number of moles of calcium carbonate.
[1 mark]
(iii) the percentage of oxygen by mass in calcium carbonate.
[1 mark]
8
(d) A closed glass bottle contains 4 mol molecules of oxygen, O2.
Given that the Avogadro constant is 6.02 x 1023 mol-1.
(i) What is the number of oxygen molecules in the bottle?
[1 mark]
(ii) How many oxygen atoms are there in the bottle?
[1 mark]
(e) Find the number of moles of atoms in a sample containing 9.03 × 1020 atoms of
copper.
Given that the Avogadro constant is 6.02 × 1023 mol-1.
[1 mark]
9
SLOT 6 : EMPIRICAL AND MOLECULAR FORMULAE
1. DEFINATION
Empirical
formula
Molecular
formula
2. EMPIRICAL FORMULA
A. Magnesium Oxide
DIAGRAM:
BEFORE HEATING
Clean the magnesium ribbon with sand
paper.
DURING HEATING
When the Mg start burning, closed the
crucible with the lid
Open the lid intervals
AFTER HEATING
Make sure all Mg is fully oxidized/
completely react
OBSERVATION
CHEMICAL EQUATION
10
B. Copper (II) Oxide
DIAGRAM:
BEFORE HEATING
Materials to produce H2 gas.
Material used to dry H2 gas.
Flow the H2 gas for few minutes
before heating
Make sure that other air have been
removed
DURING HEATING
Why burn the excess H2 gas.
AFTER HEATING
Continue flow the H2 gas / Let the
hot metal Cu cool in the flow of H2
Make sure all CuO is fully reduced/
completely react
OBSERVATION
CHEMICAL EQUATION
Why this method cannot be used to determine empirical formula of magnesium oxide?
11
TEST YOURSELF
1. 0.64 g of metal X combine with 0.71 g of non-metal Y. What is the empirical formula of
this compound? [RAM : X = 64; Y=35.5]
2. 2.24g of iron combines chemically with 0.96g of oxygen to form an oxide. What is the empirical
formula of the oxide? [ RAM : O = 16, Fe = 56 ]
3. The empirical formula of a compound is CH2. If the relative molecular mass of the
compound is 84, what is its molecular formula?
[Relative atomic mass of H = 1, C = 12]
12
SLOT 7 : SOLVING NUMERICAL PROBLEMS INVOLVING CHEMICAL
EQUATIONS – STOICHIOMETRY
Calculation steps :
S1 : Write a balance chemical equation.
S2 : Write the information from the question above the equation.
S3 : Write the information from the chemical equation below the equation.
(information about the number of moles of reactants/products)
S4 : Change the information in s2 into moles by using method shown in the chart below.
S5 : Use the relationship between number of moles of substance involved in S3 to
find the answer
S6 : Change the information to the unit required using the chart below.
TEST YOURSELF : Solve the following problems by using chemical equations.
(a) What is the volume of carbon dioxide releases when 5 g of calcium carbonate reacts
with hydrochloric acid at room condition?
[RAM : C = 12; O = 16; Ca = 40; 1 mol of gas occupied 24 dm3 mol-1 at room
condition]
(b) 5.0 g of hydrated copper (II) sulphate, CuSO4.5H2O, is heated to remove its water
vapour.
CuSO4.5H2O CuSO4 + 5H2O
Calculate the mass of water vapour removed.
[ RAM : H = 1; O =16; S = 32; Cu = 64]
13
(c) 3.1g of sodium oxide is formed when the sodium metal is burnt completely in oxygen
at STP. Calculation the volume of oxygen used.
[RAM : O = 16; Na = 23 ; molar volume = 22.4 dm3 mol-1 at STP]
(d) 0.8g of copper (II) oxide powder is added to excess dilute nitric acid and heated. Find
the mass of copper (II) nitrate produced?
[RAM : N = 14; O = 16; Cu = 64]
(e) 0.46g of sodium is burn completely in chlorine gas at room condition.
Find the volume of chlorine gas.
[ RAM : Na = 23; Cl =35.5; molar volume = 24 dm3 mol-1 at room condition]
14
