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3 Operation of Cellular Systems

This document summarizes the key operational procedures of a cellular system: 1. Mobile unit initialization involves the mobile unit scanning for and locking onto the strongest setup channel to select the nearest cell site in idle mode. 2. A mobile originated call starts with the user dialing a number and the mobile unit sending a request for service to the nearest cell site and switching office to set up a voice channel. 3. For a network originated call, the switching office pages certain cell sites based on the mobile number and a land-line party is connected through the telephone network. 4. A call terminates when the mobile user turns off the transmitter and the voice channel is freed on both sides.

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494 views9 pages

3 Operation of Cellular Systems

This document summarizes the key operational procedures of a cellular system: 1. Mobile unit initialization involves the mobile unit scanning for and locking onto the strongest setup channel to select the nearest cell site in idle mode. 2. A mobile originated call starts with the user dialing a number and the mobile unit sending a request for service to the nearest cell site and switching office to set up a voice channel. 3. For a network originated call, the switching office pages certain cell sites based on the mobile number and a land-line party is connected through the telephone network. 4. A call terminates when the mobile user turns off the transmitter and the voice channel is freed on both sides.

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20501a04b6
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Unit I

Operation of Cellular Systems

By
A. Ashok Babu, M.Tech.,
Assistant Professor,
P.V.P. Siddhartha Institute Of Technology,
Vijayawada.
Operational Procedures :

The operation of a cellular system can be


divided into four parts and a handoff procedure.

1. Mobile unit initialization


2. Mobile originated call
3. Network originated call
4. Call termination &
5. Handoff procedure
Mobile unit initialization :

When a user activates the receiver of the mobile


unit, the receiver scans the set-up channels. It then selects the
strongest and locks on for a certain time. Because each site is
assigned a different set-up channel, locking onto the strongest
set-up channel usually means selecting the nearest cell site. This
is called self-location scheme used in the idle stage and is user-
independent.
It has a great advantage because it eliminates the
load on the transmission at the cell site for locating the mobile
unit. The disadvantage of the self-location scheme is that no
location information of idle mobile units appears at each cell
site.
Therefore, when the call initiates from the land
line to a mobile unit, the paging process is longer. For a large
percentage of calls originates at the mobile unit, the use of
self-location schemes is justified.

After a given period, the self-location procedure


is repeated. When land-line originated calls occur, a feature
called “registration” is used.
Mobile originated call :

The user places the called number into an


originating register in the mobile unit, and pushes the “send”
button. A request for service is sent on a selected set-up channel
obtained from a self-location scheme. The cell site receives it,
and in directional cell sites (or sectors), selects the best directive
antenna for the voice channel to use.
At the same time, the cell site sends a request to
the mobile telephone switching office (MTSO) via a high-speed
data link. The MTSO selects an appropriate voice channel for the
call, and the cell site acts on it through the best directive antenna
to link the mobile unit. The MTSO also connects the wire-line
party through the telephone company zone office.
Network originated call :

A land-line party dials a mobile unit number. The


telephone company zone office recognizes that the number is
mobile and forwards the call to the MTSO. The MTSO sends a
paging message to certain cell sites based on the mobile unit
number and the search algorithm.
Each cell site transmits the page on its own set-up
channel. If the mobile unit is registered, the registered site pages
the mobile. The mobile unit recognizes its own identification on a
strong set-up channel, locks onto it, and responds to the cell site.
The mobile unit also follows the instruction to tune to an assigned
voice channel and initiate user alert.
Call termination:

When the mobile user turns off the transmitter, a


particular signal (signaling tone) transmits to the cell site, and
both sides free the voice channel.

The mobile unit resumes monitoring pages


through the strongest set-up channel.
Handoff procedure :

During the call, two parties are on a traffic


channel. When the mobile unit moves out of the coverage
area of a particular cell site, the reception becomes weak. The
current cell site requests a handoff.

The system switches the call to a new


frequency channel in a new cell site without either
interrupting the call or alerting the user. The call continues as
long as the user is talking. The user does not notice the
handoff occurrences.
Any queries

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