Subnetting – Example
Host IP Address: 138.101.114.250
Network Mask: 255.255.0.0
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.192
Given the following Host IP Address, Network Mask and Subnet mask find the
following information:
Major Network Information
Major Network Address
Major Network Broadcast Address
Range of Hosts if not subnetted
Subnet Information
Subnet Address
Range of Host Addresses (first host and last host)
Broadcast Address
Other Subnet Information
Total number of subnets
Number of hosts per subnet
3.20
Major Network Information
Host IP Address: 138.101.114.250
Network Mask: 255.255.0.0
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.192
Major Network Address: 138.101.0.0
Major Network Broadcast Address: 138.101.255.255
Range of Hosts if not Subnetted: 138.101.0.1 to
138.101.255.254
3.21
Step 1: Convert to Binary
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
138. 101. 114. 250
IP Address 10001010 01100101 01110010 11111010
Mask 11111111 11111111 11111111 11000000
255. 255. 255. 192
Step 1:
Translate Host IP Address and Subnet Mask into binary notation
3.22
Step 2: Find the Subnet Address
138. 101. 114. 250
IP Address 10001010 01100101 01110010 11111010
Mask 11111111 11111111 11111111 11000000
Network 10001010 01100101 01110010 11000000
138 101 114 192
Step 2:
Determine the Network (or Subnet) where this Host address
lives:
1. Draw a line under the mask
2. Perform a bit-wise AND operation on the IP Address and the Subnet
Mask
Note: 1 AND 1 results in a 1, 0 AND anything results in a 0
3. Express the result in Dotted Decimal Notation
4. The result is the Subnet Address of this Subnet or “Wire” which is
138.101.114.192
3.23
Step 3: Subnet Range / Host Range
G.D. S.D.
IP Address 10001010 01100101 01110010 11 111010
Mask 11111111 11111111 11111111 11 000000
Network 10001010 01100101 01110010 11 000000
subnet host
counting range counting
range
Step 3:
Determine which bits in the address contain Network (subnet)
information and which contain Host information:
Use the Network Mask: 255.255.0.0 and divide (Great Divide) the
from the rest of the address.
Use Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.192 and divide (Small Divide) the
subnet from the hosts between the last “1” and the first “0” in the
subnet mask.
3.24
Step 4: First Host / Last Host
G.D. S.D.
IP Address 10001010 01100101 01110010 11 111010
Mask 11111111 11111111 11111111 11 000000
Network 10001010 01100101 01110010 11 000000
subnet host
counting range counting
range
First Host 10001010 01100101 01110010 11 000001
138 101 114 193
Last Host 10001010 01100101 01110010 11 111110
138 101 114 254
Broadcast 10001010 01100101 01110010 11 111111
138 101 114 255
Host Portion
Subnet Address: all 0’s
First Host: all 0’s and a 1
Last Host: all 1’s and a 0
Broadcast: all 1’s
3.25
Step 5: Total Number of Subnets
G.D. S.D.
IP Address 10001010 01100101 01110010 11 111010
Mask 11111111 11111111 11111111 11 000000
Network 10001010 01100101 01110010 11 000000
subnet host
counting range counting
range
Total
First number
Host of subnets
10001010 01100101 01110010 11 000001
138 101 114 193
Number
Last Host
of subnet
10001010
bits 10
01100101 01110010 11 111110
210 = 1,024 138 101 114 254
1,024 total 10001010
Broadcast
subnets
138
01100101
101
01110010
114
11 111111
255
Subtract one “if” all-zeros subnet cannot be used
Subtract one “if” all-ones subnet cannot be used
3.26 1,022 total subnets
Step 6: Total Number of Hosts per
Subnet G.D. S.D.
IP Address 10001010 01100101 01110010 11 111010
Mask 11111111 11111111 11111111 11 000000
Network 10001010 01100101 01110010 11 000000
subnet host
counting range counting
range
Total
Firstnumber
Host of hosts01100101
10001010 per subnet
01110010 11 000001
138 101 114 193
Number of host bits 6
Last Host 10001010 01100101 01110010 11 111110
2 = 64
6
138 101 114 254
64 host per subnets
Broadcast 10001010 01100101 01110010 11 111111
Subtract one 138
for the subnet
101 address 114 255
Subtract one for the broadcast address
62 hosts per subnet
3.27
