RAND M^N ALLY &cC9:s

HANDY GUIDE

AND ENVIRONS

INCLUDING

SPECIAL TROLLEY MAP

. OF MASSACHUSETTS
T^AND M^NALLV ^ C?
PUBLISHERS
CHIGNOO NEWYORK
 Onyx" Hosiery
TRADE MARK

99
"Merode
{HandrFinished)

Underwear.
These two brands are
known by more people than all
others advertised. No trav--

eler that values comfort can

afford to be without them.
Quality is represented at its
best in every grade and price.
Sold at good stores everywhere.

By common consent superiority is conceded in

Fabric Quality and Wear to these two well
advertised honest brands. AsIk the leading
dealer wherever you may be or write us for
catalogue.

Wholesale Distribtitors

Lord & Taylor New York

HOTEL YORK 12 STORIES OF SOLID COMFORT
STRICTLY FIREPROOF
IN THE HEART OF NEW YORK
CORNER 36th STREET AND 7th AVENUE
ONE SHORT BLOCK TO BROADWAY
2 Minutes From New Penna. R. R. Terminal Within Ten Minutes' Walk of
10 Minutes From Grand Central Terminal 30 LEADING THEATRES OF NEW YORK
Three Minutes' Walk to
NEW YORK'S NEWEST, LARGEST AND
FINEST DEPARTMENT STORES AND
FASHIONABLE SHOPS

ACCOMMODATIONS BETTER THAN

RATES INDICATE
Attractive Rooms $1.50 and $2.00 With
Bath Privilege
Attractive Rooms $2.00 to $4.00 With Pri-
vate Bath. Parlor-Bedroom and Bath
in Proportion
Where Two Persons Occupy the Same
Room, Only $1.00 Extra Will be
Added to Above Rates

RESTAURANT PRICES ARE MINIMUM

CONSIDERINGQUAUTY AND SE RVICE

JAY G. WILBRAHAM - H. G. WILLIAMS

 HOTELS
Write Rand McNally & Co., 40-42 East 22nd St., New
York City, for booklets and printed matter giving rates
on any of the following hotels:

Albany, N. Y. New York City, N. Y.

Stanwix Hall Albert
Bristol
Broadway Central Hotel
Asbury Park, N. J.
Devonport Inn Bonta
Gardner Chelsea
Victoria Cumberland
Earle
Empire
Atlantic City, N. J.
Grand
Absecon Herald Square
Arlington
Imperial
Chalfonte
Marlborough
Galen Hall
Martha Washington
Haddon Hall
(Women only)
Navarre
Pittsburg, Pa. Park Avenue
Antler Pembroke
Raymond
Roanoke, Va.
York
Roanoke Boston, Mass.
Franklin Square
Philadelphia, Pa. (Women Only)
United States
Bingham
Continental
Green's Washington, D. C.
Hanover
Ardmore
Windsor
Fredonia
Grand
Richmond, Va. Lincoln
Jefterson Normandie
 Are You Going to Boston ?
Ladies going to Boston without male escort will

find the Franklin Square House a delightful

and convenient place to stop. It is a home hotel

in the heart of Boston for young women. It has

a transient department for all women traveling

alone. It is safe, comfortable, convenient of access,

and prices reasonable. For particulars and prices

address Mrs. Alice Gray Teele, Supt.

East Newton St., Boston.
1 1

Take Washington Street Car.

The UNITED STATES HOTEL

Beach, Lincoln and Kingston Streets

BOSTON, MASS.
Only two blocks from South Terminal Station, and easily reached

from North Station by Elevated Railway, and convenient alike to

the great retail shops and business center and also to the theaters and

places of interest.

American plan, $3.00 per day and upwards

European plan, $1.00 per day and upwards

TABLE AND SERVICE UNSURPASSED

Map sent upon application

TILLY HAYNES, Prop. JAMES G. HICKEY, Mgr.

 STANWIX HALL
ALBANY, N. Y.

Albany's most popular hostelry.

Most centrally located hotel in the
City. Home of the tourist and travel-
ing man. Best Cafe in the State.
Rates - $1.00 to $5.00

EUROPEAN PLAN
HoUoran & McCormick, Props.

HANDY GUIDES
. . TO . o

New York City Boston

Philadelphia Washington
Hudson River and Catskill Mountains
This new Series of Guides g-ives in volumes of
"handy" size the information generally desired
by travelers seeking health, pleasure, or business

PRICE OF EACH GUIDE . . 25 CE^N^TS

Hotel information and printed matter for any
of theabove cities sent on request^

RAND McNALLY & CO.

CHICAGO IS^EW YORK
 HOTEL ROANOKE
ROANOKE, VA.
Elevated location from which a beautiful view can be had of the Mountains in
every direction. The Hotel which is of Queen Anne style of architecture, is situated
in the center of a park of 10 acres, beautifully laid out with broad well kept walks
and driveways; fountains always playing; flower beds, shade trees and hedges. The
house is modern with every appliance for the guests' comfort. For terms, etc ,

address FRED E. FOSTER, Proprietor

AUTO MAPS
FOR ANY PART OF THE COUNTRY

Are you in need of an up-to-date map, guide or atlas

for study purposes or to assist in laying out that pro-

posed business or pleasure trip? We have in stock

almost everything published in this line. If we do not

have what you want, we will be glad to get it for you.
Call or write.

RAND McNALLY & CO.

40-42 E. 22nd Street
Retail Dept. New York City
 —

CONTENTS,
I An Introductioim to Boston, , . . . . Page 7

II In and Around Boston, . . „ . . . •

. 31

III — The City's ParViS and Squares, . . . , .

54

IV — Old Landmarks, .... c ... 70

V Theaters and Other Amusements, 85

VI Educational Institutions, Libraries, etc. > , . .

99

VII Churches and Religious and Benevolent Work, . . 128

VIII— Clubs, Societies, and Military Organizations, . . 145

IX — A Tour of the City, i54

X Boston Harbor and Seaside Resorts, . . . .172

RAND, McNALLY & CO.'S

HANDY GUIDE TO

BOSTONAND ENVIRONS

WITH MAPS AND ILLUSTRATIONS

Chicago and New York:
RAND, McNALLY & CO.. PUBLISHERS
1912

Copyright, 1895, by Rand, McNally & Co.

Copyright, 1911. by Rand, McNally & Co.
Cambridge and Charles RiverlBasin
 Charlestown, liunker Hill Monuinent and Navy Yard

URY BOSTON. Copyright ia07 by W. T. Littig, N. Y.

C5)
 I.

AN INTRODUCTION TO BOSTON.
Boston, the beautiful Puritan city, has many gateways through
which the pilgrims, upon whatever errand bent, may enter her
goodly precincts. And she has much to offer, to all who will come to
her, in the way of historic relics, treasures of literature and art, and
facilities for study or business. Her older streets may be winding
and narrow, but they are picturesque and full of suggestions of that
past in which all Americans have an interest, and of which they have
a right to be proud. Many of these quaint old thoroughfares lead to
shrines which, as long as they exist, will attract tourists and will help
to keep alive feelings of patriotism and loyalty. There is no city in
the world where the spirit of hospitality is boundless, or where
all that pertains to the comfort of the guest is more accessible.

A feeling of uncertainty and dread is apt to possess the mind of

one who is entering a strange city, and the friendly words of direc-
tion and caution given in this chapter are intended to remove, as far
as may be possible, the embarrassment and discomfort which are
natural to inexperienced travelers. There are two principal railway
stations in Boston and many landing places for passengers from
trans- Atlantic and coastwise steamers.

Railway Stations.
The New York Central & Hudson River Railroad, lessee of the
Boston & Albany Railroad, makes use of the South Station, the point
of departure for through trains for the West. It also has stations
at Trinity Place for out-going and at Huntington Avenue for in-
coming trains.
The Boston & Maine Railroad System uses the North Station on
Causeway Street, between Nashua and Haverhill streets. This

(7)
8 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON.
system comprises practically the principal lines of Central, Eastern,
and Northern New England, connecting Boston and Rotterdam
Junction, N. Y., Troy, Sherbrooke, Springfield, Portland, the White
Mountains, and Canada.

The New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad occupies the
SoiUh Station.
The Boston, Revere Beach & Lynn Railroad has its ferry
station at 350 Atlantic Avenue, foot of High Street.
Remarks 011 the Various Railway Stations.
Much depends upon the railway stations
of the traveler's comfort
with which he has to do in making a journey. Those of Boston will
compare favorably with the stations of other great cities of the
United States. The waiting-rooms are spacious and comfortably
furnished; the toilet-rooms and barber shops are neat and orderly,
and the attendants are obliging and civil when giving information.
In each one of the stations will be found lunch rooms or counters, as
well as restaurants, where well-cooked meals, at reasonable prices,
may be had at any hour of the day.
Telegraph and telephone offices, news-stands, flower and fruit
stands, and information bureaus are also located in all stations.
Ladies arriving alone in Boston will always find a matron in
charge of the waiting-room who will answer questions and give infor-
mation and suggestions which it will be quite safe to follow.
The South Station, or " South Terminal," is on Dewey Square at
the intersection of Atlantic Avenue, Summer and Federal streets,
and is jointly occupied by the New York, New Haven & Hartford
and the New York Central Railroad Companies. Here arrive all
passengers from New York and the South or West except those
coming over the Hoosac Tunnel Route or through Canada.
This magnificent station, opened Jan. i, 1^99, is the largest rail-
way terminal in the world, exceeding the St. Louis Union Depot by
about ten per cent of capacity and size. It is an imposing structure
of pink Connecticut granite, six stories in height, the upper floors
10 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON.
accommodating the business offices of the various railway companies
interested. It is the property of the Boston Terminal Company,
which uses thirty-five acres of very valuable g];ound, the buildings
alone covering about thirteen acres. The cost of land and buildings
was $15,000,000. It was necessary to drive 43,000 spruce piles, and
to use in the structure, besides cut stone enough to cover a front 3,300
feet in length, and to appear elsewhere, about 16,500,000 bricks,
30,000,000 pounds of steel, 5,000,000 feet of lumber, 150,000 square
feet of wire-glass, 10 acres of gravel roofing, and other materials in
equally vast amounts. The broad corner entrance admits the trav-
—
eler to the Midway an open space between the waiting rooms and
train-shed large enough for the maneuvering of a regiment.
Immense and comfortable waiting rooms, baggage rooms, ticket
offices, restaurants, a covered carriage stand, etc., open off from this,
with the most complete modern appliances of all sorts. The train-
shed, outside of this, is a space 600 feet square, spanned by a steel
and glass roof supported upon three arches of steel trusses, the
middle one of 228 feet span. This shed contains 28 tracks side by
side, and can accommodate at once 344 sixty-!ive foot passenger cars,
able to seat 28,000 persons. Over 700 trains regularly use the
station on week days. In addition to this main floor there is a
basement or subway floor, intended ultimately for electrical subur-
ban traffic, where four tracks are laid in loops, so that trains can
follow one another with great rapidity, enabling crowds to be handled
with greater celerity than anywhere else in the country. The vast
yard beyond the station terminates at the Fort Point Channel, which
is crossed upon the greatest steel roll-lift bridge in the world.

The North Station, on Causeway Street, between Nashua and

Haverhill streets, is almost the equal in size and magnificence of the
South Terminal. It is occupied by the Boston & Maine system of
railroad, and hither come all passengers from the North and many
from the West. The grand entrance is under the largest arch, but
one, in the country. The main waiting room will seat several hun-
dred people, and the marble toilet rooms and special waiting rooms
will all meet with approval. The hack stand at this station is 100
feet square, and is under the station roof, a fact which will be appre-
ciated by travelers in stormy weather.

Sound Steamers for New York.

People journeying between Boston and New York will often find
itpleasant and convenient to patronize one of the lines of Sound
steamers. The advantages which these boats offer, especially in
warm weather, are freedom from the heat and dust of the railway,
and a clean, luxurious stateroom, insuring a good night's rest.
 — —

13 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON.

The boats of the Fall River and Providence Hnes especially are
floating palaces, wherein one may enjoy all the comforts of a first-
class hotel and reach morning ready for a day
his destination in the
of business or pleasure. The from all
trains bringing passengers
the Sound lines arrive at the South and Back Bay Stations,

Steamship Landings.
Trans-Atiantic Steamships.
Allan (Glasgow). Mystic Wharf, Charlestown. Offices,
no State Street.
Cunard Z/;^^.— (Liverpool). Cunard Docks, Grand Junction
Wharves, East Boston. Office, 126 State Street.
Warren —
Line. (Liverpool). HoosacTunnel Dock, Charlestown.
Warren & Co., agents, 125 Milk Street.
Leylaftd Li?ie. — (Liverpool). Grand Junction Dock, East Boston.
Office, 84 State Street.
Furness Line. — (London). Hoosac Tunnel Dock, Charlestown.
Furness, Withy & Co., 88 Water Street.
White Star Line. — (Liverpool and Mediterranean ports). Hoosac
Tunnel Docks, Charlestown. Office, 84 State Street.

Coastwise and River Steamers.

—
For Bangor. Eastern Steamship Company, 370 Atlantic Avenue.
—
For Gloucester. Boston & Gloucester Steamship Company, 370
Atlantic Avenue.
—
For Philadelphia. Boston & Philadelphia Steamship Company,
Central Wharf.
For Halifax and Prince Edward Island. — Canada Atlantic &
Plant Line, Commercial Wharf.
—
For Provincetown. Cape Cod Steamship Company, 400 Atlantic
Avenue.
—
For Yarmouth, N. S. Dominion Atlantic Line, Long Wharf.
—
For St. John, N. B. Eastern Steamship Company, Union Wharf.
—
For Kemiebec River Points. Bath, Richmond, Hallowell, Gardi-
ner and Augusta, Eastern Steamship Company, Union Wharf.
For Norfolk^ Newport News^ Baltimore and Philadelphia
Merchants & Miners Transportation Company, Battery Wharf.
For Nantasket Nantasket Beach Steamboat Company, Rowe's
Wharf. (Summer season only).
 AN INTR OD UCTION TO B OS TON 13

For Savannah Ocean Steamship Company, 20 Atlantic Avenue.

For Portland, — Eastern Steamship Company, Union Wharf.
For Jamaica and Costa Rica United Fruit Company, Long
Wharf.
The daily papers will give full information regarding the man3'
summer excursion steamers, which leave at almost any hour of the
'day,during the season, for the various beach resorts.
Street cars and the elevated pass all railroad stations, and are to
be found at or near every steamboat wharf so that one can always
be sure of cheap transportation from the place of arrival to the point
of destination, or from one station or landing-place to another.

Bag'g-age Transfers and Delivery.

On all the principal inward-bound trains, and at the wharves of
incoming steamboats, there is a uniformed agent of the Armstrong
Transfer Company. This official will take orders for the transfer of
baggage to or from any point in the city, and passengers, on giving
him their railroad baggage checks, will receive in return the com-
pany's ''claim checks," which will give the owner security for his
baggage, and these checks are to be surrendered only on receipt of
the baggage at the specified destination.
This company also owns and operates a line of coupes, carriages,
and taxicabs for the conveyance of passengers between stations,
or to and from any part of the city, or for shopping or calling tours.
The charge for delivering a trunk to any point within the city limits
is 25 cents. The lowest charge for carriage hire for one person is
50 cents, which includes transportation for one trunk, to be taken on
the carriage. It is well to bear in mind, however, that the driver of
the carriage is not allowed to carry the trunk beyond the entrance
hall of a private residence, and that if the trunk is to be carried up-
stairs it will be better to send it by the baggage delivery.
—
Outgoing Baggage. An order should be left at the company's
office, corner of Albany and Troy streets, or at any of the branch
offices, at least two hours before the departure of train. They may
be summoned by telephone from any part of the city to call at any
hotel or dwelling for passengers or baggage, and the message is im-
mediately transferred to the branch office nearest the place from
which the order comes, 'and a carriage or baggage van is dispatched
14 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON,
to the place of call.The owner of baggage forwarded to a station or
steamboat landing given the company's claim check on the baggage-
is

room of the station or landing, by which his property is at once iden-

tified for checking.
This company will also check baggage through to destination,
from a hotel or residence, if the parties desiring it have their railroad
tickets. It has offices m
all railroad stations, in all the principal

hotels, and in different parts of the city.

Caution. — Never give up your checks to any but a uniformed train
solicitor, or a regular office agent, or porter of either the transporta-
tion company which holds the baggage, or of the express company to
which you intend to intrust it, and always take a receipt; and never
give up your checks, if you claim your baggage yourself, to any per-
son except the uniformed baggageman of the railway or steamboat
line by which you have traveled. If you expect to meet or visit
friends in the city who are residents, the best way, probably, is to
keep your checks and let your friends manage the delivery of the
baggage for you.
Getting About the City.
one has but a short time to stop in the city, and desires to cover
If
as much ground as possible in that time, it will be wise to engage a
cab or taxicab by the hour (on cab rates) and drive from point to
point; but if several days can be devoted to ''doing" the city such
expense will be unnecessary. For the excellent taxicab service
there is a special scale of rates.

—
Hacks, and Cabs. The hackney-car7''iage mid cab system of the
city is under the control of an official connected with the police de-
partment, the rates of fare being established by the city authorities,
and varying according to the distance. Disputes about fares are
unnecessary, as the drivers are required to display a rate sheet when
asked, and rates are published in detail in the city directory. The
fare for an adult for short distances, within specified limits in the city
proper, is 50 cents; no charge is to be made for one trunk, but 25 cents
is charged for each additional trunk.

Cabs furnish a cheap and brisk means of getting about the city.
The charge is but 25 cents for transporting one person from any rail-
road station to a hotel, or from one railroad station to another. For
one or more passengers from one point to another, within specified
limits, the fare is 25 cents each.
 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON. 15

Boston's Rapid Transit Service.

No city in the world has a better street car service than Boston
and nowhere can one enjoy a longer ride for a five-cent fare. Like
wise, there is no city where a more liberal system of transfers prevails.

Boston's rapid transit system is made up of surface, elevated,

tunnel and subway service, splendidly coordinated. There is no
difficulty in getting expeditiously transported from one part of Great-
er Boston to another, and usually at a cost of not more than a
single fare.

As a result of the recent completion of the new Washington

Street tunnel and the extension of the Elevated structure to Forest
Hills, important changes in the city's rapid transit service have
taken place.
The tunnel runs under Washington Street, one of the city's
nt.A^
principal arteries, through the more congested section of the business
district. It is 6100 feet long and 41 feet deep at its greatest depth
below the street surface, and runs from Bennet street on the south
to Haymarket Square on the north.

All elevated trains that formerly ran through the old Subway
under the Common are now run through the Washington Street
tunnel, and the running time between the Forest Hills and Sullivan
Square terminals, a total length of about 7 1-2 miles, is about 25
minutes. The various stations, going north from Forest Hills, are:
Egleston Square, Dudley Street, Northampton Street, Dover Street
on the elevated structure; Essex, Summer, State and Union in the
tunnel; North Station (Boston & Maine Railroad), City Square,
Thompson Square and Sullivan. Square, on the elevated.
Going south, the stations are: Sullivan Square, Thompson
Square, City Square and North Station on the elevated; Friend,
Milk, Winter and Boylston in the tunnel, and Dover Street, North-
hampton Street, Dudley Street, Egleston Square and Forest Hills
on the elevated. In the naming of the tunnel stations, the "Street"
has been omitted.
The new tunnel is one of the finest of its kind in the world, as
well as the most costly to operate, and, including new equipment
made necessary by its construction, represents an investment on the
part of the City of Boston and the Boston Elevated Railway jointly
of approximately ^10,000,000. Its commodious stations are finished
in beautiful white tiling, and one of them is equipped with escal-
ators. News-stands and public telephone booths also have been
installed. The tunnel service will be found especially convenient
by visitors who desire to reach the shopping district.
16 AN INTRODUCTION TO BOSTON.
In addition to the through elevated-tunnel service there is also a
through all-elevated service via Atlantic Avenue, passing the South
Station (New York, New Haven & Hartford and New York Central-
Boston & Albany Railroads), the ferries and the wharves of the
principal coastwise steamship lines. This line offers an excellent
opportunity to view an interesting part of Boston's harbor front, in-
cluding the picturesque headquarters of the fishing fleet at T
Wharf. The stations on the Atlantic Avenue section, running from
south to north, are: Beach Street, South Station, Rowe's Wharf,
State Street and Battery Street.

There is also a special Atlantic Avenue '^shuttle train" service

between the North Station and Beach Street, and taking in Battery
Street, State Street, Rowe's wharf and South Station.

The old subway under the Common is now used wholly by sur-
face cars. In addition to those formerly using it and having their
terminus at Park Street, Tremont Street cars from Jamaica Plain,
Brookline and Lenox Street; Shawmut Avenue cars from Bartlett
Street, and Columbus Avenue cars from Franklin Park, Forest
Hills and Lenox Street now enter the subway at Pleasant Street
and run to the North Station, returning by the same route.

A Columbus Avenue line also runs to Rowe's Wharf, via Eliot,

Washington and Summer Streets and Atlantic Avenue. A portion
of the Spring Hill cars run into the subway at the North Station
and go around the Scollay Square loop. A Roxbury-Crossing, East
Boston ferry line runs via Tremont, Dover and Washington Streets,
and performs all of the Hanover Street service. Ashmont Street
via Meeting House Hill cars go to Franklin Street only. A line
from the Dudley Street Station runs to Franklin Street via Wash-
ington Street. A line from City Point, South Boston, is run via
Summer and Washington Streets to Adams Square, returning by
the same route. Cars from Winter Hill, Sullivan Square and
Bunker Hill run through the subway.

Passengers coming from the West side of the central section of

the city and wishing to reach the South Station or the wharves should
go to North Station either by subway surface cars or tunnel ele-
vated train and transfer at that point to a shuttle train.

The elevated structure will eventually be extended from the

North Station to East Cambridge, via Lowell Street, and it is also
proposed to extend the subway system from Park Street to the
West Boston Bridge, under Beacon Hill, in a nearly straight line,
giving another outlet to and from Cambridge.
 —

AN INTRODUCTION TO BOSTON. 17

Boston Elevated System.

From Forest Hills terminal (Roxbury) to Sullivan Square termi-
nal (Charlestown).
The elevated structure commences at Forest Hills Square, and
the main line runs through Washington Street, crossing over the
tracks of the New York, New Haven & Hartford R. R. and the New
York Central R. R., down into the Washington Street Tunnel;
elevated trains pass through the tunnel, coming out near Haymarket
Square, and up an incline to the elevated structure, passing over
the new Charlestown Bridge, through Main Street to Sullivan Square
terminal (Charlestown), where convenient transfers are made to the
surface cars running to Everett, Maiden, Medford, Somerville, and
Arlington, and numerous points beyond. Similar transfers are made
at the Dudley Street Station (Roxbury) to Brookline, Jamaica Plain,
Dorchester, Milton, Mattapan, Neponset, Meeting House Hill, Grove
Hall, and Mount Pleasant cars and points beyond.
The transfer system is perfect; one fare to or from an> surface
or elevated train to destination.
Street-Car Routes.
By referring to the street-car routes, it wall be seen that it is pos-
sible to visit ail points of interest in Boston and the suburban districts
without discomfort or great expense. The spacious open cars used
in the summer, the comfortable and equally roomy closed cars used
in the winter and stormy seasons, and the large semi-convertible cars
run on some of the surface lines, afford a safe and pleasant means of
transit. Nearly all the street-car routes have their points of attrac-
tion, and it would be impossible to give them all in a work of this
kind. But in the following list an effort has been made to point out
the way to those localities which are recognized as especially inter-
esting and important:
A Few Attractive Routes.
—
Dorchester via Grove HalL Car marked ^'Dorchester" or ''Mil-
ton via Washington Street," on signs. Take car at Park Street
subway or at Dudley Street elevated station.
—
Dorchester via Meeting House Hill, Car marked "Meeting
House Hill" and "Dorchester" on signs. Take car at corner of
Franklin and Washington streets or at Dudley Street station.
IS HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON,
Franklin Park, — Car marked "Mattapan" and "Franklin Park"
on signs. Take car at North and South Stations or at any Subway-
Station.
BunkerHill, —
earmarked "Sullivan Square via Bunker Hill"
on This car may be taken at any Subway Station.
signs.
Chestnut Hill, Brookline Car marked "Brookline via Ipswich
Street" and "Chestnut Hill" on signs. Take car at Park Street,
Subway Station. Back Bay Fens and Brookhne Park are on this
route.
Jamaica Plain Car marked "Jamaica Plain" on signs. Take
car at any SubwayStation or Dudley Street Station. This car
passes near Jamaicaway and Arnold Arboretum.
—
Davis Square, West Somerville. Car marked "Davis Square"
or "Clarendon Hill" via "Highland Avenue" on signs. Take ele-
vated train to Sullivan Square terminal.
Magoun Square, Somerville Car marked "Magoun Square" on
signs. Take elevated train to Sullivan Square terminal.
Field's Corner and Milton Car marked "Ashmont and Milton"
and "Milton" on signs. Take car at corner Franklin and Wash-
ington streets, North or South Stations, Park Street Subway Sta-
tion, or Dudley street elevated station.
Neponset
signs.
— Car
Take
marked "Field's Corner" and "Neponset" on
car at North station, or Franklin, corner Washington
street, or Dudley street elevated station.

City Car marked "South Boston" an 1 "City Point" on

Point
signs. Take car
at North or South stations, or on Washington
Street between Adams Square and Dover Street. This car goes to
Marine Park.
Maiden and Everett Car marked "Everett" or "Maiden" on
signs. Take elevated train to Sullivan Square terminal.
—
Medford, Car marked "Medford" or "West Medford" on end
signs. Take elevated train to Sullivan Square terminal.
—
Woodlawn Cemetery, Car marked "Everett" and "Woodlawn"
on end signs. Take elevated train to Sullivan Square terminal.
—
Arlington and Arlington Heights, Car marked "Arlington
Heights" on signs. Take car at Sullivan Square Terminal or Park
Street StationSubway. The latter route passes Harvard College.
Harvard Square Car marked "Cambridge" and "Harvard
Square" on signs. Take car at Park Street Subway Station, or at
Scollay Square, or at Charles Street. These cars pass Harvard
College.
Mount Auburn and Newton Car marked "Cambridge" and
"Mount Auburn and Newton" on signs. Take car at Scollay
Square, or Park Street Subway Station. Mount Auburn Cemetery
is on this route.
 —

AN INTRODUCTION TO BOSTON. 19

—
Newton and Reservoir via Beacon Street, Car marked "Reser-
voir" and "Newton Boulevard" on signs. Take car at Park Street
Subway Station.
Reservoir^ via Brookline Village,—Car marked "Brookline" and
"Reservoir" on signs. Take car at Park Street Subway Station.
Oak Square Cars marked "Newton" and "Oak Square" on
signs.Take car at Park Street Subway Station or Scollay Square.
Free Transfers
This system provides free transfers at many points, the more
important of which are as follows:
At Sullivan Square and Dudley Street Terminal Stations bodily
transfer is provided from surface cars to elevated trains and vice
versa, so that passengers may continue their ride in the same
general direction.
Bodily free transfer may also be made between surface cars and
elevated trains at Haymarket Square, Subway and Union-Friend
Tunnel Stations.
Free transfer by check to continue ride in the same general
direction is provided from elevated stations to surface cars, and
from surface cars to the first elevated station reached, as follows:

Thompson Square (Elevated Station.

City Square
North Station
Haymarket Square (Subway)
Adams Square
State
Milk
Summer
Winter
Essex
Boylston
South Station (Elevated Station.)
Rowe's Wharf
State
Battery
Dover
Northampton

Passengers wishing to transfer from surface cars to elevated

stations should ask for transfer checks at the time of payment of
fare.

Transfer between surface cars by transfer check issued by

conductors upon request at the time of payment of fare may be
made to a greater or less extent at the following places:
20 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON.
Arlington Massachusetts Avenue, corner Medford Street.
Belmont Belmont Street, corner Grove Street.

—
Boston Proper, Massachusetts Avenue, corner Beacon Street,
Massachusetts Avenue, corner Boylston Street, Tremont Street,
corner Boylston Street, Public Garden entrance to Subway, Wash-
ington Street, corner State Street, Atlantic Avenue, corner State Street,
Commercial Street, corner Battery Street, or East Boston Ferry.
—
Brighton, Oak Square Carhouse, Commonwealth Avenue, corner
Essex Street.
—
East Boston, Maverick Square, Central Square, Meridian Street,
corner Princeton Street, Chelsea Street, corner Shelby Street, or
North Ferry.
Do7xhester Warren Street and Blue Hill Avenue, (Grove Hall),
Mattapan Square, Park Street and Dorchester Avenue, Upham's
Corner.
Roxbury Elliot Square, Heath Street, corner Huntington
Avenue, Roxbury Crossing.
South Boston Broadway, corner Dorchester Avenue, Broadway,
corner Dorchester Street.
West Roxbury
Street, corner
—
Spring Street, corner Center Street, South
Washington
Street, Forest Hills Square.
Brookline Coolidge Corner, and Brookline Village.
Cambridge Inman Square, Main Street at new Cambridge
Bridge, Bridge Street at Craigie Bridge, Mount Auburn Carhouse,
Harvard Square, Brookline Street, corner Massachusetts Avenue.
Everett Everett Square, Ferry Street, corner Broadway, Main
Street, corner Broadway.
Maiden — Maiden
Square, Ferry Street, corner Cross Street,
Pleasant Street, corner Highland Avenue, Main Street, corner Cross
Street,Salem Street, corner. Ferry Street.
—
Medford, Salem Street Carhouse, High Street, corner Playstead
Road, Boston Avenue, corner High Street, Harvard Avenue.
Somerville —
Magoun Square, Teele Square, Union Square.
The Boston & Northern Electric Railroad System covers the
largest extent of territory of any electric railway in New England,
and embraces a large area of the northern and northwestern section
of Essex County, including Lynn, Saugus, Swampscott, Marblehead,
Salem, Peabody, Danvers, Beverly, Wenham, and Hamilton; and in
Middlesex County: Stoneham, Wakefield, Melrose, Maiden, and
Everett. In Suffolk it runs through Boston, from Scollay Square,
through Charlestown and Chelsea, to Revere, thence to Lynn, and
so on. This system connects, outside of Boston, about thirty cities
and towns with an estimated population of nearly 300,000. Lynn is
an important distributing center of this great electric system, and
 AN INTRODUCTION TO BOSTON 21

from this point the possibilities of change of direction seem to be

limitless. The passenger station is at Scollay Square. The follow-
ing is the time table:
To Beachmont , at ten, fifteen and twenty-minute intervals.
Chelsea, via Charlestown, every eight and ten minutes.
To
ToWoodlawn Cemetery every twenty minutes.
,

To
Revere^ every fifteen minutes,
Revere Beach, (in summer), every fifteen minutes.
To
Lynn, Saugus, and Sw amp scot t, at fifteen and thirty-minute
To
intervals; Sunday, (in summer) every fifteen minutes.
Cars from Lynn to Peabody and Marblehead, every thirty min-
utes; to East SaugMS and Cliftondale, every thirty minutes.
Ferries.
A list of the ferries which ply between Boston and the surround-
ing shores is as follows:
—
Chelsea Ferry (foot of Hanover Street). First boat leaves Chelsea,
footof Winnisimmet Street, 4.45 A. m.; next at 6.30 A. m., and there-
after every fifteen minutes until 8.00 p. m. Last trip at 11.00 p. m.,
except Saturday, at 11.30 p. m.
—
Sunday, First boat leaves at 6.30 a. m., and subsequent schedule
issame as on w^eek days.
East Boston {North Perry), foot of Battery Street. —
Runs at
twenty-minute intervals between midnight and 6 A. m. and there-
;

after at six to fifteen-minute intervals.

East Boston {South Perry), foot of Eastern Avenue. Regular —
schedule provides for twenty-minute trips between midnight and 6
A. M. thereafter at intervals of six to fifteen minutes.
;

Boston, Revere Beach & Lynn Railroad Ferry, 350 Atlantic

Avenue. First boat leaves at 1.20 A. m. and thereafter at hourly,
;

half -hourly and fifteen-minute intervals for Lynn, Revere, Winthrop,

Beachrnont, etc.
Hotels.
Boston is prepared to " welcome the coming and speed the parting
guest " in such manner that he will long to visit her again. Her
many good hotels are not confined, as in former days, to the business
district of the city, but they are to be found in almost every quarter,
and of various grades of excellence, and it would seem that all sorts
and conditions of men " might here find a temporary home which
would meet their utmost requirements.
Hotels on the American plan furnish lodging, meals, and attend-
ance at a fixed price per day, which varies according to the grade of
the house and the location and appointment of rooms. Hotels on this
plan are recommended to persons, who, having command of their
time, can be regular at meals, and to those who like to know in
advance the expense to which they will be subject while in the city.
The prices of these hotels vary from $2 to $5 a day and upward for
extra rooms and other advantages. It should be borne in mind that
proprietors charge travelers for the meal that is on the table when
22 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON.
they arrive or when they depart. As there is usually a meal going
on from the early breakfast until late in the evening, it is well for the
guest to see that he is registered with his account beginning with the
first meal which he intends to eat. If the clerk refuses to accede to
this arrangement, the meal must be paid for or other quarters sought.
In the list of hotels, which forms a part of this chapter, the lowest
ordinary rates per day for one person are given for hotels run on the
American plan. Higher rates are charged for superior rooms.
Where the stay in the city is to be prolonged for more than one week,
reduced rates may be obtained at some of these hotels by making
arrangements before registering.
—
Hotels on the European plan. In these hotels rooms are rented,
with light and service, at so much per day, and the guest may take
his meals in the restaurant attached to the hotel or elsewhere, as
convenience or fancy may dictate. Hotels on the European plan
will commend themselves to people who are limited as to time and do
not have to consider expense. The prices range from 50 cents a night,
in some of the cheaper hotels, to %^ and $3 in the Back Bay region;
but very choice rooms and extra privileges must be paid for accord-
ingly. As a rule, %\ to ^1.50 per day for a single room and for two
persons together will secure accommodations that will satisfy most
travelers.
Combination Plan — Some of the best hotels combine both Amer-
ican and European plans, and in the list of minimum charges prices
for both plans are given.
—
Extras The only extra charges which will be found in the bill will
be for meals sent to private rooms, baths (when no bath-room is
attached to the room occupied), and fires, or, in some cases, the turn-
ing on of steam heat. The fire is usually of hard coal, in an open
grate, and costs from 50 cents to per day, and 50 cents is the usual
charge for baths. In almost every hotel will be found telegraph
offices, barbers, and bootblacks, news-stands, and theater ticket
ofiices; and in many, railway ticket offices and agents of the baggage
transfer companies and carriage lines. These agents are authorized
and may be patronized without hesitation.

Alphabetical List of Hotels

Adams, 551-571 Washington Street— Eur., ^1.50 up.
—
American, 54 Hanover Street Eur., gi.
—
Bellevue, i5-23 Beacon Street Eur., ^1.50.
Boston Tavern, 347 Washington Street— Eur., %\,
Brewster— )B>oy\^\.oiLi, near Washington Street. New throughout
— Eur., %2 up.
Brunswick, Boylston and Clarendon Streets— Am., fc; Eur., $1.50.
Clarendon, 521-523 Tremont Street —
Eur., gi.
Clark's, 575-581 Washington Street— Eur,, %\.
Copley Square, Huntington Av. and Exeter St.— Eur., $1.50 to ^4.
Crawford, Scollay Square— Eur., $\.
Lenox, Boylston and Exeter Streets— Eur. ?2.,
 AN INTRODUCTION TO BOSTON, 23

Maverick, 23 Maverick Square, East Boston Eur., ^i. —

Nottingham, Copley Square Eur., — up.
Oxford, Huntington Avenue and Exeter Street Eur., up.—
—
Parker, School and Tremont streets Eur., SS1.50 to $\,
Quincy, Brattle Street and Brattle Square Eur., — up.
Revere, Bowdoin Square Eur., — to %2,
—
Rexford, Allston and Howard streets Eur., ^i.
Somerset, Commonwealth Avenue— Eur.,
%z up.
—
Thorndike, Boylston and Church streets Eur., $1.50 up.
—
Touraine, Tremont and Boylston streets Eur., $3 to $6.
United States, Beach, Albany and Lincoln streets Am., ^2.50; —
Eur., $1 to ^2.50.
Vendome, Commonwealth Avenue and Dartmouth Street — Am.,
?5 up.
Victoria, Dartmouth and Newburystreets — Eur., $2 up.
— Eur., $2 up.
Westminster, Copley Square
Young's, Court and Court Square — Eur., ^1.50 up.
Notable Traits of Prominent Hostelries. — not the purpose
It is of
this book to make any discriminations, other than those which will
aid the stranger to find a suitable home for his stay in the city.
For addresses and rates, the foregoing list will give one a pretty good
idea of what the town affords; but there are some traits that belong
to the older hostelries which it will be desirable for the stranger to
know before making his selection.
Most of the down-town hotels are in the district which is bounded
on the north by Hanover Street and on the south by Boylston Street.
In this district may be found every grade of hotel, and people who
are here for business or sight-seeing will choose this locality for its
convenience.
In the Back Bay district will be found places whose elegant
appointments and air of refinement and exclusiveness will appeal to
those who have the leisure and the means to command such luxuries.
The American House, on Hanover Street, between Portland and
Court streets, is a long-established and very good hotel. It is inter-
esting to know that upon a portion of the ground it occupies there
formerly stood the home of Gen. Joseph Warren. This hotel has
been in operation since 1835, and has had many alterations and
additions. It was the first hotel to introduce the passenger elevator.
Its prices are moderate, and it is a well-kept, comfortable house. Its
Rathskeller is one of the notable restaurants of the town.
The Adams House^ at 553 Washington Street, is one of the largest
24 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON,
and best hotels in the city. It is noted for the excellence of its cuisine,
and for its display of good paintings, by modern artists, on the walls
of its corridors and halls. It covers the site of the Lamb Tavern,
built in 1745, and also of the first Adams House, built ;in 1844. Its
central location and excellent service make it an attractive place to
tourists.

The Somerset^ Westminster^ Brunswick, Vendoine, Victoria and

Copley Square hotels, in the Back Bay district, are, as a group,
the finest hotels in Boston. They are delightfully located in the
fashionable part of the city, and have all the elegance of finish and
appointment which the most fastidious guest can desire. All of
these houses enjoy the patronage of wealthy and distinguished
people, and are favorite places for private and club dinner parties.

The Vendo77ie, on Commonwealth Avenue, the Back Bay Boule-

vard of the city, in the exclusive residence section, commands the
highest class of patronage.

The Parker House, on Tremont and School streets, was the

first hotel established in this country on the European plan (first
opened in 1855 by the late Harvey D. Parker), and it has always
maintained the highest reputation for the comfort and elegance of
its service. It has been enlarged at different times, and at present
is a stately marble structure, covering a large area.

The Qui7tcy House.Not far from the American House, on Brattle

Quincy House, the oldest
Street, extending to Brattle Square, is the
existing hotel in Boston. Established in 1819, and many times
enlarged and remodeled.

The Somerset, architecturally very imposing, is the newest and

largest of Boston's hotels, and is accounted one of the most luxurious
and palatial hostelries in the world. The special features of interest
are its magnificent ball-room suites and banquet halls, which have
made it the city's center of fashion, and its **out-of-door" restaurant,
especially attractive during the summer months. The Somerset
overlooks the Park and Fenway at the head of Commonwealth
Avenue.
The United States Hotel, on Beach Street, was built over half
a century ago as a family hotel. Its location, while not in the most
expensive and aristocratic part of the city, is convenient and
accessible and near the canter of both the wholesale establishments
 RESTAURANT^
25BRAmESI ^ l/HANOVERSI
n*. • • « »i>Tfc

LUNCHEON ROOMS
niRNISHEDWlTHCOUNTEKSAND-STOOLS

33 HANOVER SI
564-WASniNQTONSI
81 DEVONSHIRE
AND
ST.
121SUmERSI
BOSTON

COnBlNED -SEATING CAPACITY- oF

RESTAURANT AND LUNCHEON-UOOflS- 1300
ESTABLlSnEDIN1847
 AN INTRODUCTION TO BOSTON, 27

and of the shopping districts. It is one of the best hotels in the city,
where much attention is paid to the comfort and pleasure of the
guests.
—
Young' s Hotel, The main entrance to this hotel is on Court
Square, and the hotel extends to Court Avenue and Court Street. It
is one of the largest and best of the hotels on the European plan

One of the features of this hotel is the ladies' dining room, the
entrance to which is on the Court Street side. This is a handsomely-
decorated room loo feet long and 31 feet wide. It connects with
other large dining-rooms, and a cafe for gentlemen on the ground
floor. This hotel is a favorite place for New Yorkers.
The Touraine is one of the newest of the first-class hotels, and
exceeds most others in the completeness of its equipment for all
modern hotel requirements. It is a very handsome building at the
southeast corner of the Common; is magnificently furnished through-
out, and attracts the most fastidious customers. Its restaurant is
one of the handsomest in the city, and in the basement are several
grillrooms and cafes fitted up in the German style, which form a
favorite lunching place.

Restaurants.
There are several hundred establishments classed as restaurants
in the business section of Boston. Of first-class establishments there
are a number, and they include those at the leading hotels on the
European plan. Recognized as among the best are those connected
with Young's Hotel, the Parker House, and the Touraine. That
of Young's Hotel is very extensive, occupying a large part of the
ground floor of that establishment. It has dining-rooms for ladies
and gentlemen, lunch rooms, and convenient lunch and oyster count-
ers. The dining-rooms and cafe of the Adams House are first-class in
every respect. In the Hotel Belle vue, on Beacon Street, is one of the
best and prettiest cafes in town. At the Hotel Victoria, on Dart-
mouth Street, will be found another cafe with good service, elegant
appointments, and fine cuisine.
Among the favorite places in the business section of the city is
Marston's^ on Brattle Street.
Here, during the noon hour, hundreds
of business men and women find rest and refreshment. This
restaurant, since the improvements of 1894, is the largest public
28 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON.
restaurant in the city. It has been in existence over half a century
and is the best known place of its class in New England. The
business was moved to Brattle Street in 1853, and to-day the estab-
lishment covers an area of 43,000 square feet, has 800 seats, employs
300 people, and has a patronage of 6000 a day. Entrances, 25
Brattle Street and 17 Hanover Street. Their lunch rooms intended
for the accommodation and convenience of those who can afford
only a few minutes time for their luncheon, and who prefer small
portions at comparatively low prices to a sumptuous meal during
business hours, are at No. 33 Hanover Street, which is for the exclu-
sive use of women; No. 564 Washington Street, for men and women,
and 121 Summer Street, for men.
In City Hall Square, Washington Street, and along Newspaper
Row, are numbers of restaurants of every kind and grade. There are
those in which refreshments can be secured at all hours of the day
and night, and there are still others which cater mainly for the
noon trade.
The English Tea Room^ 160 Tremont Street, is popular with
ladies who are shopping, and here they may obtain a light lunch at
reasonable prices. At the noon hour the place is thronged with
women, and a most animated scene is presented. Among other
places of this character are Weber's^ 156 Tremont Street, and Frost
6^ Dearborn's, 8 and 10 Pearl Street. The Winter- Place Hotel, on
Winter Place, has recently succeeded Ober's French Restaurant,
and it is, without doubt, one of the finest cafes in the city. Thomp-
son's Spa, on Washington Street, is noteworthy in its way.
Boylston Cafe, corner of Washington and Boylston Streets, is a
popular place with the sporting classes, and here at all times may be
found devotees of all branches of sport, disposing of a juicy chop
and a mug of "musty" while discussing the current topics.

Theleading French restaurants of the city are located on Van

Rensselaer Place and the city also possesses Italian and Chinese
restaurants.
There arealso a few good chop and oyster houses in this city.
Of the former, two can be found on Essex Street and one in Avery
Street, while of the latter class may be mentioned Higgins', on
Court Street, and Brighain' s, on Washington Street, opposite
Boylston Street.
Crosby's Restaurant, 19 School Street, is known as Boston's
popular family restaurant, open from 6 a. m. to 8 p. m. Concert
every evening from 5.30 to 7.30 p. m.
Most of the large department stores also maintain good restaurants.

Apartment Houses or Family Hotels.

Boston was the first American city to adopt this system of living,
and it has become so popular that it would be impossible, in a work
 ^

AN INTRODUCTION TO BOSTON, 29

mention any but the most prominent establish-

of this character, to
ments. These houses range from palatial structures to plain, but
comfortable, homes for people of moderate means, and they are to be
found "down town'" and in allresidence districts. They are arranged
in suites, the annual rent ranging from $400 to $3,000 and higher,
according to size and number of rooms, elegance of finish, and loca-
tion of the house. The rent includes janitor service and steam
heat. Many of the better class of these houses are furnished with
elevators, and have the kitchens at the top of the building.

List of the Most Prominent Family Hotels.

Agassis, 191 Commonwealth Avenue.

Bristol, Eoylston, cor. Clarendon.
Climy, 233 Eoylston Street.
Chailesgate, Beacon, cor. Charlesgate, East.
Gladstone, Belvidere Street.
Oxford, Huntington Avenue.
Royal, 297 Beacon Street.
Westminster, Copley Square.

Boarding and Lodg'ing Houses.

Those who contemplate spending some time in the city will find it
possible to live, both economically and pleasantly, in a private board-
ing-house. Prices range according to location, size, and number of
rooms required, etc., and one can 6btain board in respectable neigh-
borhoods at from $6 to $15 per week, according to accommodations.
One can, of course, find lower and higher rates, but would hardly
expect satisfactory table and rooms at less than $6.
. —
Furnished Rooms. A very pleasant method of living in Boston is
to engage a furnished room by the week, and take one's meals at any
of the numerous restaurants. This is an economical way of living,
besides the freedom it gives for lunching or dining whenever aiid
wherever one chooses. Rooms to be let for lodgings and private
boarding-houses are advertised in the daily papers; but it will be well
to require references of thosehaving rooms to rent.
At the Wo7nan's Educational and Industrial Union is kept a
boarding-house' directory, which ladies may consult at any time, and
so learn of places whose respectability is guaranteed. (See page ifi).
30 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON.
The Young Men's Christian Association, corner of Berkeley
and Boylston streets; the Young Men's Christian Union, at 48
Boylston Street, and the Young Women's Christian Association,
40 Berkeley Street, are always glad to lend a helping hand to
strangers, and also keep boarding-house lists, which are placed at
the disposal of those needing such assistance.

WASHINGTON ELM— Cambridge, Mass.

 II

IN AND AROUND BOSTON.

The jagged peninsula on which John Winthrop and his asso-

little
was first called Shawmut, then Trimountain.
ciates settled in 1630
— —
The original area of Boston 783 acres has grown to 23,661 acres,
and Boston now has a population of over 600,000. But these figures
as to acreage and population are misleading and unfair. The
increase in area has been the result of filling in the harbor and
annexing adjacent towns. The first addition of outlying territory
was made as early as 1637, when Noddle's Island "was layd to Bos-
ton" and given the name of East Boston. This addition, which more
than doubled the area of the old town, remained a farm until 1833,
when capitalists purchased most of the land, and improvements and
settlements began. Early in the present century some parts of Dor-
chester were added to Boston, but it was not until late in the second
half of the century that the municipalities of Roxbury, Dorchester,
Charlestown, West Roxbury, and Brighton were absorbed by the
ambitious metropolis.

Localities.
Early in the history of Boston it became the habit of the people to
speak of the different sections of the town as the " North End," the
" West End," the " South End, and then as the residence sections
'

continued to stretch farther to the south and west and business inter-
ests absorbed the territory east and south of the Common and Public
Garden, this came to be known as the Central District. This division
of the city into districts is an advantage to those who are not familiar
with the city's topography and points of attraction.
The North End is that part of the city lying north of State,
Court, and Cambridge streets. This was once the wealthiest, most
populous, and, in every way, the most important part of town.
(31)
32 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON,
Here were the great warehouses, the public buildings, and the homes
of the old and prominent families. All this is now chan;;;ed and this
part of the city has been abandoned as a place of residence except
by the poorest classes. All about this section are streets whose
names will recall the historical association of the Colonial period.
Many of the most suggestive names, however, were changed after
the separation to suit the republican sentiments of the community.
Thus King Street became State vStreet; Queen was changed to Court
Street but Hanover, named in honor of the royal house, was for
;

some reason permitted to stand. The latter is the main business

thoroughfare of this district, starting from Scollay Square and run-
ning north to Aspinwall's Wharf. The street is mainly occupied by
dealers in small wares, and has been appropriately called the Bow-
ery " of Boston. At one time the North End bore a bad reputation
as a slum district, but since the population has become Italian and
Hebraic, it has grown more peaceful and orderly in its ways. The
Italians predominate to the east and the Hebrews to the west of
Hanover Street, and " Little Italy " and " New Jerusalem " flourish
side by side in what was once the most aristocratic part of Boston.
The Italian quarter has its own shops, banks, hotels, and restaurants,
a theater, and two churches (St. Leonards of Porte Maurice, on
Prince Street, and the Church of the Sacred Heart of Jesus on
North Square).
Points of Interest at the North End. — The points which will be
attractive to the traveler in this part of the city are the Old State
House, on State Street; Faneuil Hall, in Faneuil Hall Square; Quincy
Market, just across Merchants' Row from Faneuil Hall; Christ
Church, on Salem Street; and Copps Hill Burying Ground, quite near
the latter, on Hull Street. Each of these places is described in the
chapter on " Old Landmarks," and in the chapter entitled " A Tour of
the City " the most convenient way of visiting them is pointed out.
The Central District, or business quarter, lies east and south of
Boylston Street, the Public Garden, the Common, Tremont, Court,
and State streets. This region is frequently referred to nowadays
as the "congested district," and into it are crowded banks, public
buildings, warehouses, shops, offices, hotels, theaters, newspaper
offices, and the railway stations.
The Subway is a series of connected tunnels used as a passage-
way for street-cars beneath the crowded central part of the city. It
WASHIMGTON STREET, BOSTON.
(33)
 The Salt Breath of the
Sea Brings Health . . .

GALEN HALL
ATLANTIC CITY, N. J.

Always Open Always Ready Always Busy

- ALSO "

THE PRESTON
WERNERSVILLE, PA.
Is now open for
Guests, under the same
directionthat has established the fame
of Galen Hall, Atlantic City.
A CHARMING MOUNTAIN HOME
Exceptionally Dry Climate with
Beautiful Scenery.
BUNGALOWS FOR RENT
F. L. YOUNG, General Mgr.
 IN AND AROUND BOSTON 35

was begun in March, 1895, partly opened for use in August, 1897, and
completed September 1 189S. ,
It extends from the middle of the
eastern edge of the Public Garden to near the corner of Boylston
and Tremont streets, then turns north beneath the Mall of the
Common to Park Street, where there is a loop for those cars whose
lines terminate here. It then extends northerly under the line of
Tremont Street to Scollay Square, where it divides into two parts,
one turning east beneath Cornhill and north again at Adams Square,
while the other goes to and beneath Hanover Street, until it joins the
other line. The double tunnel then proceeds northward beneath
Haymarket Square and reaches the surface by an incline at the
North Station on Causeway Street. In addition to this a branch
passes from the Boylston Street corner out Tremont Street to
Shawmut Avenue, where it reaches the surface. It is used by all the
street-car lines that formerly occupied the streets of its neighborhood,
relieving them of the unendurable congestion of traffic they caused.
Separate stations for entrance (where passengers buy tickets) and for
exit stand at the several termini, at Boylston Street, Park Street,
Scollay,Adams, and Haymarket squares. Several of these, espe-
ciallyPark Street and Scollay Square, are transfer stations, where
passengers changing cars receive transfer tickets and pass through
designated gates. The platforms are capacious, have seats, police
attendance, news stands, etc., and the use of the subway is as com-
fortable as it is advantageous.
The East Boston Tunnel, running under the Boston Harbor from
Maverick Square in East Boston to Scollay Square in Boston, was
opened for operation December 29, 1904; it was started May 29, 1900.
This tunnel cost $3,300,000. It is a single-tube structure of concrete,
reinforced by twisted steel, and is about 231^ feet wide the height
;

from the top of rail to roof varies from 14 to 17 feet the length under
;

the Harbor is 2700 feet.

The West End includes that part of the city south and west of
Court, Cambridge, Tremont, and Boylston streets, to the line of the
Boston & Albany Railroad, following the line of that road to Brook'
line. Within these boundaries are the Common and Public Garden,
Beacon Hill, and the Back Bay new land. Here is the fashionable
part of modern Boston. The Back Bay quarter begins with Arling-
ton Street next to the Public Garden. From Arlington Street three
—
great thoroughfares Newbury Street, Commonwealth Avenue, and
—
Marlborough Street run parallel with Beacon. These streets are
36 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON.

crossed at right angles, at intervals of about 600 feet, by broad cross-

streets, which are alphabetically named, a trisyllabic word alter-
nating with a dissyllabic. Cojmnonwealth Avenue is 240 feet wide
and has a tree-lined parkway running through the center, with wide
driveways on either side. It is one of the stateliest and most beau-
tiful streets in the country. Within the limits of this district are
many of the finest churches in the city proper.
The South End. — The section bounded on the north and west by
Essex, Boylston, and Tremont streets, and the Boston & Albany
Railroad, and south by the old Roxbury line, is the South End of
Boston, as the term is now understood. It is largely a district of
'esidences, though Washington Street is principally given up to the
retail trade, and considerable business is done on some other streets.
A large part of this territory was reclaimed from the sea.
The Annexed Districts.
East Boston is reached by street cars starting at Brattle Street
and running through Washington, Milk, Congress, State, Devonshire,
Hanover, and Battery to the ferry, and by the East Boston Tunnel
from Scollay Square, Boston, to Maverick Square, East Boston. It is
a place of piers, warehouses, dry docks, and marine railways of ;

great mills, manufactories, oil works, fish curing and smoking estab-
lishments, and immense coal depots. At the Grand Junction Wharves
several lines of transatlantic steamships load and discharge their
cargoes, and here the Boston & Albany (New York Central) Railroad
has extensive freight terminal sheds and grain elevators. The
facilities at these wharves for the reception and dispatch of immi-
grants are superior to those of any American port. The immigrants
who are to continue their journey by land into other sections of the
country are carefully guarded from sharpers until they are sent away
over the Grand Junction, which connects with the various trunk lines
without passing through the city.
East Boston has its pleasant features and its historical associa-
tions. It has several parks, one of them — —
Wood Island covering
more than eighty acres, and affording from its higher points fine
views of the harbor. Belmont Square is on the site of the old forts
of 1776 and 1814. It is supposed that Noddle, after whom the island
was originally named, was one of the colonists sent out by Sir William
Brereton, who obtained a grant of this island from John Georges
 IN AND AROUND BOSTON. 37

In 1628. When John Winthrop came to Boston in 1630, the land was
occupied by Samuel Maverick, who lived here for twenty-five 3^ears,
and who became the first slaveholder in the colony. East Boston
was famed for its shipyards, which turned out some of the fast clipper
ships, and in 1853, the largest sailing ship of its time. The Great
Republic "was built here. East Boston is connected with the main-
land at Chelsea and Winthrop by bridges.
—
South Boston. To reach South Boston by street car, take the
red car marked " South Boston " and " City Point" on signs. This
car goes to Marine Park, and may be taken at either North or South
Stations, or on Washington Street, between Adams Square and
Dover Street. From Park Square and Charles Street, take a red
car marked " South Boston " and " City Point " on signs.
South Boston is another great industrial center, having vast estab-
lishments in which yachts are built and machinery made; car-wheel
works, elevator works, confectionery factories, oil works, sugar re-
fineries,and breweries. These establishments are mostly along the
water fronts on the northern and southern sides. In the neighbor-
hood of the Congress Street Bridge from the city proper are the
Atlas stores, huge warehouses, the terminal piers of the New York,
New Haven & Hartford Railroad; and foreign and coastwise steam-
ship docks. The district is thickly settled, and in the lower parts
unattractive. Its pleasant places are on the beyond, and near
hills
and about City Point, the most easterly part, embellished by the
Marine Park, the terminal of the noble chain of parks and park-
ways encircling the city.
Thomas Park, on Telegraph Hill, occupies the site of the
" Dorchester Heights," on whose crest Washington planted the bat-
teries which drove the British out of Boston in March, 1776. The
spot is marked by a granite tablet. An institution which no visitor
should fail to inspect is the Perkins Asylum for the Blind, which is
described in Chapter VI, entitled " Educational Institutions."
This is located on East Broadway. On Old Harbor Street is Carney
Hospital, described in Chapter VII. Of the Marine Park, attract-
ive features are the promenades along the shore, and the great pier,
commanding delightful views of the harbor, and the walks and drive-
way around Old Fort Independence on Castle Island, which is con-
nected with the mainland by a bridge. The statue of Farragut, by
38 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON.

H. H. Kittson, was placed here in 1893. This is a great yachting

station,and several clubs have their handsome club houses in the
neighborhood. In the boat-building yards here many of the famous
racers were built.
—
The Roxbury District. Street cars for Roxbury pass Rowe's
Wharf along Atlantic Avenue to Summer, Summer to "Washington,
Washington to Boylston, Boylston to Tremont, and Tremont to
Roxbury Crossing. Another route is from East Boston Ferry via
Hanover, Washington, and Boylston streets, thence via Tremont to
Roxbury Crossing.
Roxbury was incorporated as a town but a few days after Boston,
and when it became a part of Boston in January, 1868, its population
numbered 28,400. In 1890 its numbers had increased to over 78,000,
a growth of 50,000 in twenty-two years. It has a local history of
which it is proud, but most of its interesting old landmarks have been
swept away. It is now a pleasant residence quarter, with broad,
shady streets, where most of the houses are detached. Among the
points of interest is the meeting-house of the'
First Religious Society
'

of Roxbury," of which John Eliot, the apostle to the Indians, was

the first pastor. This takes rank in age next after the First Church
in Boston. It stands in Eliot Square, into which Dudley, Roxbury,
and Highland streets converge, occupying the site of the first meet-
ing-house. It was built in 1804, succeeding the fourth meeting-house
on the spot, the one used for a signal station by the Continentals dur-
ing the Siege of Boston. The architecture and the finish of the in-
terior have been carefully preserved. The old Universalist Church,
near by, stands where Gov. Thomas Dudley's house stood. The
site of the earthworks thrown up in 1775, called the Roxbury High
Fort, which crowned the Roxbury lines of investment during the
siege, is marked by the Cochituate standpipe on the hill between
Beech Glen and Fort avenues. This structure, erected and put in
use in 1869, was intended to supply high service to those parts of the
city which were at the higher levels, but it proved adequate to the
supply of the whole city, and thus superseded the old reservoir on
Beacon Hill. It was rendered useless by the Parker Hill reservoir
subsequently built, but latterly has been converted into a memorial
observation tower. The site of the birthplace of Gen. Joseph
Warren, on Warren Street, is marked by a tablet on the dwelling-
house now occupying the spot. The old graveyard in which John
 IN AND AROUND BOSTON. 39

Eliot is buried is on the corner of Washington and Eustis streets.

Here, also, are the graves of other ministers of the First Parish in
Roxbury, of the famous Dudley family, and of the father of Gen.
Joseph Warren The Dudley tomb is near the Eustis Street
entrance. Among the worthy institutions of this district is the New
England Hospital for Women and Children, on Dimock Street.

The Dorchester District. — To reach Dorchester via Meeting

House Hill, take the blue cars marked Meeting House Hill" and
*'
Dorchester" on signs. These cars start from North Station and
run via Washington, Northampton, Hampden, and Dudley streets.
To reach Dorchester via Grove Hall, take the green car marked
" Dorchester " and "Norfolk Street" on signs. These cars run via
Franklin, Hawley, Summer, Washington, and Warren streets.
Passengers via the elevated may also transfer at Dudley Street
terminal.
Dorchester, incorporated the same day as Boston, has, like Rox-
bury, an interesting local history. It became a part of Boston in 1870,
and, in spite of its rapid growth, it has retained many of the features
which have always made it a pleasant place for suburban residences.
Its picturesque hills — Savin, Jones', Pope's, and Meeting House, and
Mount Bowdoin — command extensive water and land views and are
covered with costly villas. At Upham's Corner is the old burying
ground (Dudley and Boston streets) where are the graves of Richard
Mather, founder of the Mather family in this country, and others
distinguished in the history of Massachusetts. At Five Corners —
Massachusetts Avenue, Boston, Pond, and Cottage streets is the —
old Everett House where Edward Everett was born. Meeting House
Hill has been since 1670 the site of the successive meeting-houses of
the First Parish (now Unitarian), dating from 1630. The present
house succeeds one built in 18 16 and recently destroyed by fire.
At Field's Corner is the district post office and a branch of the
Boston Public Library. The Lower Mills village is at the southerly
bounds of the district on the Neponset River.

The Charlestown District. —

To reach Charlestown via Bunker
Hill, take yellow car marked Charlestown " and " Bunker Hill " on
signs. Street cars for Charlestown may also be taken at Scollay
Square, or Subway and Elevated Stations. Charlestown was annexed
to Boston in 1873, and, although smaller in area than some of the other
40 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON,
additions, it is one of the richest localities in historical associations.

Most of its points of interest can be compassed in a short walk; but

the one which towers above all the others is Bunker Hzll Mo7iujnenf,
on Breed's Hill, where the battle celebrated in song and story was
fought. The monument marks the lines of the old redoubt and is
built of coarse granite, thirty feet square at the base, rising, majestic-
ally, 220 feet. From
the observatory at the top a wide view of the
surrounding country may
be obtained. This is reached by a spiral
flight of stone steps inside the shaft, and the visitor who intends to
make the ascent will be interested to know that there are just 295
of these steps. In the building at the base of the monument are
interesting memorials of the battle,and an excellent statue of General
Warren, in marble, the work of Henry Dexter. The spot where
Warren fell is marked by a stone in the grounds near by. The
bronze statue of Colonel Prescott, in the main path, occupies the spot
where he is have stood at the opening of the battle. The
supposed to
Bun :er Hill Monument was begun
in 1825, and the corner stone was
laid by Lafayette. Daniel Webster delivered the oration at this
ceremony, and also on the occasion of the dedication of the completed
work, June 17, 1843.
The Navy Yard at " Moulton's Point " is where the British troops
landed for the fight at Bunker Hill. Its present area is about eighty-
seven acres, and within the inclosure are large and costly buildings.
The grounds are attractive, with two broad avenues running through
them. There are extensive parks for cannon and shot, a parade
ground, marine barracks, store and ship houses, arsenal and maga-
zine, a hammered granite dry dock, a long rope walk, a museum, a
library, and the homes of the commandant and other officers.
The yard is open daily to visitors. Passes can be obtained at the
main gate at the junction of Wapping and Water streets. Another
feature of the district is the ancient burying ground on the west side
(Phipps Street, off Main Street), in which are the graves of Rev. John
Harvard, the first benefactor of Harvard College of Thomas Beecher,
;

the ancestor of the famous Beecher family in America, and of others

prominent among the early settlers. The monument in this grave-
yard to the memory of Harvard, a simple granite shaft, was set up in
1828. It bears the following inscription in Latin :

That one who merits so much from our literary men should no
'
'

longer be without a monument, however humble, the graduates of

 HOTEL IMPERIAL
ooo ooo ooo ooo ooo ooo

—
BROADWAY,

NEW YORK
ABSOLUTELY FIREPROOF
31st and

—
32nd STREETS

In the center cf the new shopping district, within easy walking distance of the
Theatres, the Metroiiolitan Opera House and many other places of amusement.
Our patrons can secure the reservation of theatre or opera tickets in advance,
through the Ticket Office located in the Hotel, by applying to us.
Only One Block from the new Pennsylvania Terminal and convenient to
the Grand Central Station.
Opposite the 82nd Street entrance of the Hudson Tunnel. Trains of this
system connect with the following Railroads and Transatlantic Steamship lines
Railroads- -Erie, Del., L. & W., Lehigh Valley. Steamship Lines— North
German Lloyd, Hamburg American, Holland America.
Descriptive Booklet with Schedule of Tariff sent on application to

COPELAND TOWNSEND, - - - Manager

 IN AND AROUND BOSTON. 43

the University of Cambridge, New England, have erected this stone,

nearly 200 years after his death, in pious and perpetual remembrance
of John Harvard."
In City Square, the municipal building (the City Hall before annex-
ation) marks the site of the "Great House" of the Governor, in
which the Court of Assistants named Boston. Charlestown is dis-
tinguished as the birthplace of Samuel F. B. Morse, the inventor of
the electric telegraph.
The West Roxbury District includes Jamaica Plain, and is the
largest and most picturesque of the annexed sections of the city.
Within its limits are the greater parks of the public parks system —
Jamaicaway, along the ornamented banks and graceful shores of
Jamaica Pond; the Arnold Arboretum; and Franklin Park, the
crowning feature of the system; the Bussey Institute, and beautiful
Forest Hills Cemetery. Jamaicaway may be reached from the city
proper by electric cars to Jamaica Plain; the Bussey and the Arbore-
tum by electrics through the Roxbury District to Forest Hills, or by
the New York, New Haven & Hartford R. R. to the Forest Hills
Station; and Franklin Park by the last-mentioned routes, or by
electrics to Eggleston Square, in the Roxbury District. The Bussey
Institute and the Arboretum are on the west side of the railroad,
and Forest Hills and Franklin Park on the east side.
—
The Brighton District. (For street cars to this district see Res-
ervoir and Oak Square routes under heading: "A Few Attractive
Routes," in Chapter I.) This is a region of breezy, commanding
hills, of broad and attractive streets, and pleasant homes. Two mag-

nificent boulevards from the Back Bay — Commonwealth Avenue

and Beacon Street — extend into it, and one of the most popular
drives is to Chestnut Hill Reservoir {comieQiedi with the Boston
Water Works), a pleasure resort which lies within its limits. A beau-
tiful driveway, from sixty to eighty feet in width, surrounds this
work, in some parts running close to the embankment, and in others
leaving it and rising to a higher level, at a little distance from which
a view of the entire reservoir cati be had. The work covers more
than 200 acres. It is a double reservoir, being divided by a water-
tight dam into two basins. The surface of water in both is about
125 acres, and when filled to their fullest capacity the basins hold
about 800,000,000 gallons.
44 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON.
Metropolitan Boston.
Lying within a radius of ten miles of the City Hall, Boston, are
thirty municipalities whose interests are so closely identified with
those of the city proper, and so continuous is the population of these
sections that it is difficult to draw a boundary line and say where one
leaves off or another begins. Within this metropolitan district are
the eleven cities of Cambridge, Lynn, Somerville, Chelsea, Maiden,
Newton, Waltham, Quincy, Everett, Medford, and Woburn, and in
these cities and the adjoining towns are the homes of thousands of
people whose business interests are in Boston, and who daily come to
their work in the city. Many of these towns and cities are already
organized into r.dministrative districts. Thus the Boston Postal Dis-
trict comprises seven municipalities, the Sewerage District contains
eighteen municipalities, and the Park District, thirty-seven munici-
palities. The last extends beyond the limit of metropolitan popula-
tion on account of including some important landscape features.
Legislation is now under consideration which looks to the establish-
ment of a metropolitan water district to furnish these cities and
towns with an adequate supply of pure water from the Nashua
River, at an estimated cost of nearly $20,000,000. To this metro-
politan district is aptly given the name of " Greater Bosto7i'' and a
Greater Boston Commission," appointed under recent legislation, is
engaged in the consideration of some form of metropolitan organ-
ization, which, with self-governing powers and a federalized govern-
ment for general interests, will still leave the various municipalities
independent in authority in purely local matters. Each of these
cities has its distinguishing and interesting features; all have a great
variety of manufacturing industries, and several are famous in
special lines — as Woburn for its tanneries, Waltham for watches,
Lynn for shoes, and Chelsea for rubber goods and art tiles. All
have charming residence quarters and are connected with the central
city by fine boulevards and parkways. In a work of this kind it is
only possible to give the prominent features of those localities which
will prove of especial benefit to the tourist.
Brookline lies south of the great Back Bay region of Ecstcn, and
is approached by the stately boulevards of that quarter. It has been
called the most beautiful example of a city's suburb in the ^^•orld.
Here are delightful walks and drives among charming villas and
park-like estates. At Clyde Park are the club-house and grounds of
 IN AND AROUND BOSTON. 45

the Country Club, an organization of Bostonians, members of leading

clubs in town. Those desiring more detailed information about the
real estate interests, should consult with Mr. Frank A. Russell, 113
Devonshire Street, Boston, ot 1345 Beacon Street, Brookline.
Cambridge, with over 80,000 inhabitants, is the largest of the out-
lying municipalities. Famous, in the first place, as the seat of the
great university, it has many
associations and points of interest,
which attract all who are so fortunate as to visit Boston. The Old
Elm, under which Washington stood when he took command of the
Continental Army on July 3, 1775, is still standing at the junction of
Mason and Garden streets. Not far away, on the Watertown road,
near Brattle Street, is the stately house where the General made his
headquarters — the mansion of the Royalist, Col. John Vassal, who
abandoned it at the outbreak of the war. In after years it was the
—
home of Longfellow from 1837 until his death in 1882. Farther on
is Elmwood, the birthplace and home of James Russell Lowell. The
historic old mansion-house is set in the midst of trees and shrubbery,
and dates from about 1760. The poet's study, where he wrote nearly
all his poems, was on the third floor.
Beautiful Mount Auburn, the last resting-place of so many of
America's great men and women, is partly in Cambridge and
partly in Watertown. It is fully described at the end of this
chapter.
Cambridge is also noted as being the first place in this country
where a printing-press was set up. In 1639 ^ press was brought over
from England and put in operation in the house of the President,
who had charge of it for many years. The first thing printed upon it
was the Freeman's Oath, followed by an Almanack for New England,
and the Psalms. A fragment of the last-named work is preserved in
the college library, and copies of it may still be seen in some anti-
quarian libraries. Cambridge has at the present day some of the
largest and most completely furnished printing-offices in America,
conspicuous among which are the Riverside Press and the University
Press. Noteworthy among the public buildings of Cambridge, and
conspicuous pieces of architecture, are the City Hall, on Main Street
and the Public Library, on Broadway and Irving Street. Both
these buildings and the lot on which the library stands, known a?
Library Common, were gifts to the city from Frederick H. Rindge
Los Angeles, Cal., a former resident of Cambridge. The public

4
46 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTOJM.

Manual Training School, on Irving Street, opposite the library, was

also established and equipped for use by Mr. Rindge.
Newton, the " Garden City," ranks next to Brookline as a beautiful
suburb. It is reached by the Boston & Albany Railroad or by street
cars. (See "Attractive Routes," Chapter I.) Between Riverside Sta-
tion and Waltham, on the Charles River, is the principal fresh -water
boating ground.
Somerville is the third of the suburban cities in population. Its
points of historic interest are Prospect Hill and Winter Hill, where a
redoubt and breastworks were constructed by the Americans in 1775,
and in the " Old Powder Tower" will be found an interesting
Colonial relic.

At Medford, the seat of Tuft's College, which occupies College Hill,

are many fine old houses, conspicuous among them being the Cradock
and Royall houses, among the oldest buildings in New England.
Lynn, the second of the suburban cities in population, is the largest
shoe-manufacturing town in the United States, and the seat of one of
the greatest electric industries. Its seaside and rural surroundings are
very beautiful, and the neighborhood of its fine beach is a delightful
residential section. Lynn Woods, with 2,000 acres, is the second
largest public pleasure-ground belonging to any city in the country.
Salem, sixteen miles northwest from Boston, is reached by the Bos-
ton & Maine Railroad, or by the Boston & Northern Street Railway.
It is an extremely interesting old city, abounding in historical associ-
ations. Tourists will be interested in the old Roger Willia7ns house,
which standing at the corner of North and Essex streets, and
is still

which is noted as the building in which some of the persons charged

with making use of the dark art of witchcraft were examined.
Gallows Hill, where the execution witches took place, is in the
western part of the city. But the associations clustering about the
scenes of Hawthorne's romances are more potent in their attraction
even historical facts. The house on Mail Street,
for tourists than
where Hawthorne wrote " The Scarlet Letter," is standing. The
Custom House desk of pine, where he made his first rough draft of
" The Scarlet Letter," is sacredly preserved in the reconstructed old
First Church. Another building, the Ingersoll house, dating from
1662, is called "The House of the Seven Gables," although Haw-
thorne declared that he drew entirely upon his imagination for the
site of his Puncheon mansion.
SlAiLL Ub MISL IE MAN -Concord Battle Field

(47)
 RAND, McNALLY d CO.'S
Pictorial Guide
to Washington
25 Cents

mom HOTEL RAYMOND

42 East 28th Street
NEW YORK
2 blocks to Broadway. 28th
Street Subway Station at the
door. 3 blocks to Hudson
Tubes at 6th Avenue and 28th
Street.

Five minutes to Grand Central

Station at 42nd Street or New
Penna. R. R. Station at 7th
Avenue.
CONVENIENT TO THEATRES AND SHOPS
ESPECIALLY SUITED FOR LADIES VISITING NEW YORK ALONE
SINGLE ROOMS $1.50
MARK A. GADWELL
 IN AND AROUND BOSTON 49

Salem is the county seat of Essex County, A

State normal school
is located here, and among other institutions are the Essex Institute
and the East India Marine Hall. The latter contains the fine ethno-
logical museum of the Marine Society.
Of the suburbs south of the Dorchester District, Hyde Park is
attractively set in the Neponset Valley; Milton is a town of quiet
beauty and park-like character, including the wild and picturesque
Blue Hills, the greatest elevations in Eastern Massachusetts, which
command far-reaching coast and inland views. Quincy is famous as
the birthplace of tw^o presidents of the United States and the home
of several notable families, Its old stone church contains the tombs
of the presidents. The public library, known as the Crane Memorial,
designed by Richardson, is among its features.
Concord is a picturesque old town, nineteen miles from Boston,
and it may be reached by either the Boston & Maine Railroad or by
trolley. Tourists will find here many objects of historical and literary
interest. Concord is revered, not only because

"By the rude bridge that arched the flood,

Their flag to April's breeze unfurled,
Here once the embattled farmers stood
And fired the shot heard round the world,"
but because here lived Nathaniel Hawthorne, Thoreau, Emerson, and
the lamented Louisa M. Alcott.
On the shore of Lake Walden, one of the most beautiful sheets of
water in New England, is a pile of stones marking the spot where
was located the hut in which Thoreau lived for somiC time. Haw-
thorne wrote in his note-book:
" The scenery of Concord, as I beheld it from the summits of the
hills, has no very marked characteristics, but has a good deal of quiet

beauty in keeping with the river. There are broad and peaceful mead-
ows, which I think are among the most satisfying objects in natural
scenery. The heart reposes on them with a feeling that few things
else can give, because almost all other objects are abrupt and clearly
defined; but a meadow stretches out like a small infinity, yet with a
secure homeliness which we do not find either in an expanse of
water or air. The hills which border these meadows are wide swells
of land, or long and gradual ridges, some of them densely covered
with woods."
50 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON.
The places which the visitor will especially enjoy seeing are the
Old Manse," the Concord Monument, the graves of the British
soldiers who fell in the memorable battle of April 19, 1775, and the
Davis Museum of relics in the Old Court House.
Cemeteries.
The cemeteries now in use are all situated in the outskirts of Bos-
ton. The city, several years ago, forbade, by ordinance, all burials in
graves within the old city limits. The ancient burying grounds are
described in the chapter on " Old Landmarks."
The following is a list of the cemeteries now in use in the city, or
which have offices in the city:
Catholic Ce77ietery Roxbury District, Femvick Street.
,

Cedar Grove, Dorchester District, between Milton, Adams, and

Granite streets.
East Boston Cemetery, East Boston, Swift, corner Bennington
Street.
Evergreen Cejnetery ,
Brighton District, near Chestnut Hill
Reservoir.
Forest Hills Ceinetery, Jamaica Plain District, Morton Street.
Gethsemane Cei^tetery, West Roxbury District, Brook Farm,
Baker Street.
Hand-in-Hand Cemetery, West Roxbury District, Grove Street.
A Hebrew burying ground.
Israeltish Burying Ground, East Boston, Byron, corner Homer
Street.
Mount A ubur7i Ceinetery, in Cambrige and Watertown.
Mount Benedict Cejnetery, West Roxbury District, Arnold
Street.
Mount Calvary Cemetery, West Roxbury District, Mount Hope
Street, near Canterbury.
Mount Hope Ceinetery, West Roxbury District, Walk Hill Street.
Augustine Cemetery Dorchester Street, South Boston.
St. ,

Warren Cemetery, Roxbury District, Kearsarge Avenue.

Wood I awn Ceinetery, Everett.
The only cemeteries which have more than a local interest are
Mount Auburn and Forest Hills.
Mount Auburn Cemetery, the most widely-known burial-
place in this country, is partly in Cambridge and partly in
Watertown. It is reached by street cars marked 'Cambridge" *

on dasher, and "Mount Auburn and Newton" on end signs, which

start from the Subway and Bowdoin Square, passing through
Massachusetts Avenue and Harvard Street, Harvard Square, and
Brattle Street. This beautiful resting-place of the dead was
 IN AND AROUND BOSTON. 51

consecrated in 1831. Containing about 125 acres, it has more than

thirty miles of avenues and paths. This is the oldest garden
cemetery in the United States, and was first established by the
Massachusetts Horticultural Association, in connection with an
experimental garden. The place was first known as Stone's Woods,
and was much frequented on account of its rural attractions. The
diversified surface, with its wooded hills, quiet vales, and verdure-
wreathed ponds, gives unusual opportunities to the landscape archi-
tect. On the top of the highest hill is a stone tower, from which an
extensive view of the surrounding country is to be had. Mount
Auburn is the shrine to which many pilgrims come, because of the
eminent dead who are buried here.
Passing through the Egyptian entrance gate, and following the
first roadway to the left, we reach, after a short walk, the grave of

James Russell Lowell, under the shade of a tall hornbeam tree. The
grave is simply marked by an old-fashioned slate slab, with angel's
head and wings, and bears the following inscription:
Sacred to the memory
of
James Russell Lowell.
Born 1819. Died 1891.
And of his wife,
Maria White.
Born 1821. Died 1853.
And also of his second wife,
Frances Dunlap.
Born 1825. Died 1885.

Near by are the names of two of his children : Blanche, "a lily of
a day," 1847, and Rose, 1849.1850.
Ascending the path just beyond to Indian Ridge, directly behind
Lowell's grave, at the entrance to Catalpa Path, we stand before a
sculptured marble sarcophagus bearing the single name, Longfellow.
On the same ridge is Motley's grave, in the Motley family lot. Fol-
lowing Catalpa Path, but bearing to the west and crossing Central
and Cyprus aveniies, we come to the granite Sphinx, by Martin
Milmore. This masterly work, the gift of Jacob Bigelow, in 1872,
stands in front of the Gothic granite chapel, and is a memorial of those
who died for the Union. Leaving the Sphinx and following Cyprus
to Walnut Avenue, we approach the tower before mentioned. In the
neighborhood of the tower, on Walnut Avenue, is the red stone
 —

52 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON.

sarcophagus of the great orator, Rufus Choate. Near the tower are
Edwin Booth (Anemone Path), Charlotte Cushman
also the graves of
(Palm Avenue), Charles Sumner (Are thusa Path), and Edward Everett
(Magnolia Avenue). Near the base of the tower is Pyrola Path, lead-
ing from Walnut Avenue to the Fuller lot, on which is the monument
raised to the memory of Margaret Fuller and her husband, the
Marquis Ossoli of Italy. Just beyond, on Bellwort Avenue, is the
grave of Agassiz, marked by a rough-hewn granite boulder, brought
from the glacier of the Aar in Switzerland. The grave of Phillips
Brooks is on Menoza Path, from Spruce Avenue, a short walk from
the chapel.
Other interesting graves are those of President Jared Sparks,
historian (Garden Avenue);Anson Burlingame (Spruce Avenue), John
G. Palfrey, historian (Sweetbriar Path); President Josiah Quincy,
(Sweetbriar Path), Fanny Fern," sister of N. P. Willis (Eglantine
Path, leading from Fir to Spruce); James T. Fields (Elder Path, lead-
ing from Wain it to Spruce), Rev. William Ellery Channing (Green-
briar Path, le .ding from Pine Avenue), and Henry F. Durant, founder
of Wellesley College (Osier Path, leading from Willow Avenue to
Indian Ridge Path).
Of the statuary at Mount Auburn, that within the chapel is the
most noteworthy— the figures, in marble, of John Winthrop, by
Horatio Greenough, modeled in 1856 ; of James Otis, by Thomas
Crawford, of the same date of John Adams, by Randolph Rogers,
;

1859; and of Joseph Story, by his son, William W. Story, 1853. The
bronze statue of Nathaniel Bowditch, at the left of the avenue lead-
ing from the entrance gates to the chapel, is by Ball Hughes.
—
Forest Hills Cemetery. This beautiful cemetery is near the Forest
Hills Station of the New York, New Haven & Hartford Railway,
It is also reached by the Forest Hills line of electric cars and Eleva-
ted road. The gateway, constructed of Roxbury stone ani Cale-
donia freestone, is a unique piece of work. On the front, in golden
letters, is the inscription:

I AM THE RESURRECTION AND THE LIFE.

And on the inner face
He that keepeth thee will not slumber.
The grounds of the cemetery are very picturesque, with
hills and
dales, woods and greensward, and pretty sheets of water. Among
its interesting memorials, on the summit of Mount Warren, is the
 IN AND AROUND BOSTON, 53

tomb of Gen. Joseph Warren, the hero of Bunker Hill on Dearborn

;

Hill is the monument of Gen. H. A. S. Dearborn, who laid out the

grounds the grave of Rear-Admiral Winslow, in Orange Path,
;

marked by a block of rough granite from Kearsarge Mountain a ;

granite monument marks the grave of Rear-Admiral Henry Knox

Thatcher, on Tantana Path in near neighborhood are the graves of
;

William Lloyd Garrison (on Smilax Path), James Freeman Clarke

(Ageratum Path), and J. M. Manning, pastor of the Old South Church
from 1857 to 1882; in close neighborhood, also, are graves of John
Gilbert, the actor (Brook Path), and E. L. Davenport (Arethusa
Path), the latter marked by a marble memorial, placed by his daugh-
ter, Fanny Davenport, in 1880. The grave of Oliver Ditson, the
music publisher, is marked by Thomas Ball's beautiful ideal figure of
St. John. In the Soldiers' Lot is the Soldiers' Monument, erected
by the city of Roxbury, and designed by Martin Milmore. The most
notable piece of sculpture in the cemetery is the memorial to Martin
Milmore and his younger brother, James, who died several years before
him. It is on Cypress and Poplar avenues, and is the work of Daniel
C. French. It represents the Angel of Death staying the hand of the
sculptor, and it received a medal of the third class in the Paris Salon
of 1891.
 III.

THE CITY'S PARKS AND SQUARES.

—
The Common. Of the many urban parks and squares the one
which will first claim the attention of the visitor is the dear old Com-
mon, which, since the settlement of the town, has been set apart for the
use and pleasure of all the people. In 1640 a vote was passed by the
town that, with the exception of " 3 or 4 lotts to make up ye streete
from bro Robte Walkers to ye Round Marsh," no more land should
be taken from the Common, and the power of this vote, and the
loyalty of the citizens in upholding it, kept the Common sacred to
the uses of the people. When the city charter was adopted the right
to alienate any portion of the enclosure was withheld from the city
government.
In the early days the Common was used as a pr.?ture and training
field; but that the people enjoyed it then very much as later genera-
tions do is shown by the following extract from an "Account of Two
Voyages," published in London in 1675 '* On the south there is a
:

small but pleasant Commons, where the gallants, a little before sunset,
walk with their Mar male f -Madams, as we do in Moorfields, etc.,
till the nine o'clock bell brings them home to their respective habita-

tions, when presently the constables walk their rounds to see good
orders kept, and to take up loose people." Before and long after
this the Common was the usual place for executions. People accused
of witchcraft, murderers, pirates, and other malefactors here met their
doom. But in 1812 a memorial, signed by a large number of citizens,
induced the selectmen to order that the Common should no longer
be used for such a purpose. The level ground east of Charles Street
has been used from the very earliest times as a parade-ground.
Here take place the annual parade and drumhead election of the
(54)
56 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON.

Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company, the oldest military

organization in the country, and here the Governor delivers to the
newly elected officers their commissions for the year.
The present area of the Common is about fort^^-eight acres,
bounded by Tremont, Park, Beacon, Charles, and Boylston streets.
It is inclosed by an iron fence, and, with its broad and shaded walks
and grand old elms, it is a veritable blessing to those who cross it for
business or pleasure ; in summer, a green and quiet refuge into
which one may escape from the glare, the heat, and the rush of the
town and in winter in its snowy drapery affording equally beautiful
;

and restful views. One of the conspicuous objects in the Common,

bcandmg near the Park Street mall, is the Brewer Fountain, the
gift to the city of the late Gardner Brewer, Esq., which began to play
for the first time on June 3, 1868. It is a copy in bronze of a fount-
ain designed by the French artist Lienard, executed for the Paris
World's Fair of 1855, where it was awarded a gold medal. The
figures at the base represent Neptune and Amphitrite, Acis
and Galatea. The Army and Navy M onttme7it, on the hill by the
occupies historic ground. Here the Bri.ish constructed
a redoubt during the Siege, when the Common, with earthworks on
its highest points, was the British camp. The platform of the
monument, thirty-eight feet square, rests on a solid bed of masonry
sixteen feet deep. The four bronze statues, on the projecting
pedestals, represent Peace, a female figure bearing an olive branch,
with eyes turned to the south; the sailor, carrying a drawn cutlass,
looking toward the sea; History, another female figure hold ng a
tablet and stylus, and looking upward; and the soldier, a federal
infantryman, the best figure on the monument, standing at ease.
The four large bronze reliefs between the pedestals represent
"The Departure for the War," ''The Sanitary Commission," "The
Return from the War," and "The Departure of the Sailor from
Home." The main shaft of the monument, a Roman-Doric column
of white granite, rises from the pedestal between the statues.
The four allegorical figures at its base represent the North, South,
East, and West. The shaft is crowned by a female figure, eleven
feet high, representing the "Genius of America." In one hand vShe
grasps the American flag, in the other a drawn sword and laurej
wreath. The monument bears an eloquent inscription, written by
President Eliot of Harvard College. This monument was desig-r>ed
COM EM ORATING THE BOSTON MASSACRE OF
IVl 1 770—
The Common nearTremont Street.

(57)
(58)
 THE CITY'S PARKS AND SQUARES. 59

by the late Martin Milmore, and cost the city $75,000. It was dedi-
cated with great pomp on September 17, 1877.
The monument by Robt. Kraus, which commemorates the ''Boston
Massacre of 1770 " stands near the Tremont Street mall, near
West
and Boylston Streets. On the front of the granite shaft is a figure
typifying Revolution Breaking the Chains." The bas-relief on the
'

base represents the scene of the massacre as it was presented in an

old plate published in London, with a ''Short Narrative." On one
corner of the relief are these words:
From that moment we may date the severance of the
British Empire.— DANIEL WEBSTER.
On the shaft are cut the names of the victims of the massacre. The
monument, erected by the State, was dedicated on November 14,
1888, on which occasion the late John Boyle O'Reilly was the poet.
On the Boylston Street side of the Common is the old Central
Burying Ground, described in the chapter entitled " Old Landmarks."
The Shaw Memorial is the most recent, and is regarded as the
most artistic and beautiful ornament to the Common. It stands im-
mediately in front of the State House, at the corner of Beacon and
Park streets, and is a monument to Colonel Shaw, who was com-
mander of the first Massachusetts regiment of colored men which
fought in the War and wh^ ""^st his life on the field
of the Rebellion,
of battle. It is the Augustus St. Gaudens, and is in
work of the late
the form of a sort of shrine, bearing many inscriptions and sur-
mounted by a bronze group, facing Beacon Street, and enclosed with-
in a stone canopy. This represents, in life size, Colonel Shaw
mounted and riding beside a column of his troops. The action of the
crowded figures is exceedingly spirited, and the whole forms a work
of art of great importance and beauty.
The Public Garden, containing about twenty-four and a quarter
acres, was formerly a " marsh at the bottom of the Common," and
from 1791 to 1819 was occupied by rope walks, the land having been
granted by the city for this purpose. These rope walks were burned
in the latter year, and, the lands having become valuable, their
owners were about to divide and sell the tract in lots for dwelling and
business purposes. This aroused the citizens, who made such effective
resistance that, in 1824, the city bought for $55,000 what it had given
away in 1791. It was then decided to establish a public garden here,
 HAXDY GL'IDE TO BOSTOX.

but the matter lao:,eed for severalyears and little was done until 1S59,
when an act of the Legislature and the vote of the city finally settled
the question. In 1S39 a number of citizens established a Botanic
Garden near the corner of Beacon and Charles streets. The garden
was successful for a few years, until its conser\'ator3' was destroyed
by fire. The irregular artificial pond in the center of the garden con-
tains a tri.le less than four acres, and was constructed in 1S59. It is
spanned b}- a ponderous iron and stone bridge, which has been styled
bv the local wits the " Bridge of Size." The cit\^ annually makes
liberal appropriations for the maintenance of the garden. It con-

tains many varieties of ornamental trees and shrubs, and in the

season of llowers thousands of bedded plants are displayed.
The sculpture exhibited in the Public Garden does not particularly
enhance its beauty. The best piece of work is the equestrian statue
of Washington, by Thomas Ball, which stands in the central path,
near the Arlington Street entrance. This statue, which it took the
sculptor three years to model, was unveiled January- 29, 1S69. It is
considered one of the half-dozen really great equestrian statues
which the world possesses. There are few people to-da}^ who appre-
ciate the size of the statue. The extreme length of the group is
16 feet, height 16 feet; the height of the figure of Washington
is 12 feet. The pedestal, of Quinc}^ granite, was designed by Ham-
met Billings, and is 15 feet in height and iS feet in length.
The total cost of the work was $42,000. It was cast b}- Silas Mosman
of the Ames Manufacturing Company at Chicopee. The reader may
form some idea of its size when he knows that a tall man m.ay stand
under the barrel of the horse. To see it to advantage, one ought to
be at least 100 feet*away from the statue.
Near the Washington Statue is a fountain, whose basin is adorned
by a marble "Venus Rising from the Sea." The fountain is so
arranged as to throw, when in action, a fine spra^- over the figure.
Another monument on the Arlington Street side of the garden com-
memorates The discovery that the inhaling of ether causes insensi-
'
'

bility to pain." This monument, the work of J. O. A. Ward, was the

gift of Thomas Lee, and was dedicated in Jime, 1S6S. It is of granite
and red marble, and the ideal figures surmounting the shaft illustrate
the stor}' of the "Good Samaritan." The bas-reliefs represent, re-
spectively, a surgical operation, the patient under the influence of
ether, the Angel of Mercy descending to relieve suffering humanity,
 THE CITY'S PARKS AND SQUARES, 61

a field hospital, with a wounded soldier in the care of the surgeons,

and an allegory of the Triumph of Science. On the Beacon Street
side of the garden is the Statue of Edward Everett, by W. W.
Story. The fund for this statue was raised by a public subscription
in 1865, and the statue was presented to the city in 1867. The sculp-
tor has endeavored to represent Everett in the attitude of the orator as
he spoke the words, Washington, the guiding star."
The bronze statue of Charles Sumner, on the Boylston Street side,
represents the statesman in the act of speaking, with a roll of manu-
script in the left hand, the right hand extended downward in a ges-
ture. This statue is also the work of Thomas Ball, the sculptor of the
Washington. It was erected in 1878, at a cost of $15,000, raised by
subscription. Near the Sumner Statue is one of Thomas Cass, the
brave colonel of the 9th Massachusetts Volunteers. This was pre-
sented to the city by the Society of the 9th Regiment.

The New Public Park System.

One of the grandest features of Boston her Public Park Sys-

is
'
'

tem," which, when completed, will form an almost unbroken chain of

parks and parkways from Craigie's Bridge, at the north end, to City
Point, South Boston. The park commissioners have expended over
$11,000,000 upon the city's parks, squares, and parkways, and no peo-
ple in the world are so bountifully supplied with beautiful and ac-
cessible pleasure-grounds. Every section of the city is included in
this provision, and the neighboring cities and towns are not to be
left behind. Thus, Cambridge is building a system of riverside and
other parks; Newton, Maiden, Waltham, Brookline, Quincy, and
Hyde Park have fine park works in construction; Lynn has a public
forest of 2,000 acres in Lynn Woods, and, in addition to these, there
is the great Metropolitan system. This includes 3,200 acres of wilder-
ness at Middlesex Fells, 4,000 acres at the Blue Hills, 475 acres at
Stony Brook Woods, a small reservation at Beaver Brook, the pro-
jected Mystic Valley Parkway, the banks of the Charles to be pre-
served and improved, and a magnificent ocean shore reservation
partly finished at Revere Beach and Winthrop. Altogether, in the
Metropolitan Parks District, Greater Boston already has between
13,000 and 14,000 acres devoted to public uses for park and water sup-
ply purposes.
62 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON

The first link in the green chain encircHng the city is Charles-
bank, which along the river front on Charles Street, between
lies
Craigie's and the new Cambridge bridges. It is a broad promenade,

about 600 feet long, bordered by trees and shrubs, and provided
with public gymnasiums and baths for the people's use, and the
playground and sand courts for the children. A State boulevard
connects Charlesbank with the Fens, extending along the Boston
Shore of the newly constructed Charles River Basin.
—
The Fens The area of the Fens is about 115 acres, artistically
laid out with roads, bridle-paths, and footpaths along the water-
way. The main entrance to the Fens, is by the way of Common-
wealth Avenue beyond Massachusetts Avenue. Here is Miss
Whitney's ideal statue of Leif Ericsson, the Norse discoverer of
America. The inscription reads:
Leif
The Discoverer,
Son of Erik,
Who sailed from Iceland
And landed on this continent
A. D. 1000.

The farther end of the Fens affords wide expanses of meadows,

trees, and shrub -planted slopes. Of the bridges which span the
waterway, the stone Boylston Street bridge was designed by the
late H. H. Richardson. The Fens opens the parkway, which
—
under various names as Audubon Road, Fenway, Riverway,
—
Jamaicaway, and Arborway winds through Longwood and Brook-
line, along the Muddy River, Leverett Pond, Ward's Pond, and
Jamaica Pond, to the Arnold Arboretum and Franklin Park.
Leverett Park This section of the parkway, lying between Tre-
mont and Perkins Streets, comprises sixty acres of land in Boston
and fifteen acres in Brookline, and contains Leverett Pond, of
twelve acres, Ward's Pond, of 2.7 acres, Willow^ Pond, and a num-
ber of smaller ponds or pools, most of the latter being provided for
the proposed Natural History Garden, which it is expected that the
Boston Society of Natural History will sometime establish here.
The practical completion of this park opens to use a most varied and
attractive pleasure-resort, with the scenery of a sloping valley rising
gradually from the lake at its lower end to a considerable eminence
at its head, with numerous smaller ponds compassed with verdant
banks and woodsides, among which wind the paths, ending iu the
HERALD SQUARE HOTEL
EUROPEAN PLAN
Thirty-Fourth Street Just West of Broadway New York City

NEW, FIREPROOF.

One block from NewPenn.

R. R. Station. Baggage
free to and from. One
block from 33rd Street
Station of Hudson Term-
inal Routes, Connecting
with all Railroads Enter-
ing Jersey City and D. L.
& W. R. R. and Steamers
docking at Hoboken, and
convenient to N. Y. Cen-
tral and N. Y., N. H. &
Hartford R. R.
Room, with privilege of bath, $i.5P P^r day and
upwards. Room, with private bath, $2.00 per day and
upwards. Restaurant a la carte. Popular club
breakfasts.
Cable Address
Wilderald C. F. Wildey & Son, Props.

COSMOPOLITAN HOTEL
CHAMBERS ST. AND WEST BROAD WAY=: =NEW YORK
EUROPEAN PLAN
Rooms $1.00 per day and upwards and special rate by
the week. Convenient to wholesale district. Spa-
cious Restaurant and Lunch Rooms. Popular prices.
Easy of access from all railroad stations and ferries.
^"iopolf^a;'" C. F. Wildey & Son, Props.
 THE CITY'S PARKS AND SQUARES, 65

sylvan seclusion of Ward's Pond, which nestles in a deep depression

between the wooded knoll and the high ridge of Perkins Street.
Jamaica Park, comprising about 120 acres, which encircles
Jamaica Pond, is one of the loveliest stretches of landscape in the park
system. The pond covers seventy acres, and affords an ideal place
for boating in the summei and for skating in the winter. The
grounds are laid out in walks and drives, shelters are provided, and
the Pinebank Refectory is a delightful place for refreshment. The
views across the water, with its gently curving, wooded shores, are
enchanting and worth traveling many miles to enjoy. And all this
beauty is within a half-hour's drive of the center of the city. Take
the electric cars for Jamaica Plain, and, leaving the car at the corner
of Center and Pond streets, walk a short distance to the west to the
beautiful Jamaicaway and revel in the charms of this lovely park.
The Arnold Arboretum, the largest and finest tree museum in the
world, isa place of great natural beauty. It was formerly a part of
the estate of Benjamin Bussey, which he bequeathed to Harvard Uni-
versity for a school of agriculture, horticulture, and veterinary science.
The Bussey Institute was opened in 1870, and two years later the
Arboretum was established. It was named in honor of James Arnold,
a wealthy merchant of New Bedford, who left the Arboretum $100,000.
The Arboretum contains 167 acres, of which 122 belonged to the
Bussey estate. Under an agreement between the university and the
city (to hold for 999 years), the university maintains and develops the
Arboretum, and the city constructs and cares for its roads and paths
and polices it. It has broad, pleasant driveways, winding footpaths,
and a magnificent piece of the primeval forest.
Franklin Park embraces about 600 acres of picturesque country,
whose natural beauties have not been disturbed in the process of
opening and developing the territory for public use. The broad
drives wind among woods and glades, through quiet valleys, and
along breezy uplands from which delightful views of town and
country can be enjoyed. Among its attractive features are, on one
side, the great " Playstead," the Greeting," and the " Deer Park";
on another side the ''Wilderness," and on the "Country" side
*'
Ellicottdale," the " Dairy," and " Sheepfold."
Roomy and comfortable carriages stand at the Blue Hill Avenue
entrance, and for 25 cents one may take a seven-mile drive over
l)crrect roads, which takes in all the points of interest in the park. A
66 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON
bridge to carry the Forest Hills entrance over the traffic road, leading
from Forest Hills Street to the cemetery, has been built, thus making
the connection of the Arborway with the drives of Franklin Park
complete.
Ellicott House, at the entrance to the playgrounds of EUicottdale,
has been open to the public since 1895. Toilet, bath, dressing,
and check-rooms are provided for use in connection with the tennis
courts laid out at EUicottdale. A long-expected branch of the electric
railroad has been extended from Washington Street, through
Williams Street to a point near Ellicott House, and thence through
l^'orest Hills Street and the new traffic road to Forest Hills Cemetery;
thence by way of Morton Street to Washington Street, near the
Forest Hills Station. This loop now brings passengers to the gates
of the park on its western border, where are situated its most
picturesque picnic grounds and rambles, and the new playground,
and has proved a great convenience to visitors. These cars may be
taken in the Subway.
A refectory has been built on the hill near the junction of Blus
Hill Avenue and Glen Lane, where the old Gleason House formerly
stood. The plans provide for a brick and terra-cotta structure, 121
feet long by 69 feet wide, containing on the ground level a large
restaurant, private dining-room, service-rooms, toilet-rooms, and
staircases leading to a roof-garden, which forms, in effect, a second
story, having pavilions 21 feet square upon each corner, con-
taining stairs, serving, and toilet room. These pavilions are con-
nected by covered galleries on three sides, the remainder of the
space being open to the sky.
A collection of fancy pigeons, including archangels, blondinettes,
English owls, fantails, tumblers, magpies, nuns, and turbits, from
the estate of the late Edmund Quincy at Isle au Haute, was presented
to the department by Dr. H. P. Quincy, and are domiciled at the
propagating house in the nursery at the southerly end of the park.
They are a source of much attraction to visitors. A flock of about
200 sheep also attracts considerable notice, and is a popular
feature of the park, the herding of the sheep by the shepherd
dogs being an interesting sight.
Scarboro Pond, seven acres in area, adds very materially to the
attractiveness of the park. Its summer level, which gives it a depth
of eight feet, is in winter lowered to a depth of about four feet to
make it safe for skating.
(67)
68 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON,
The beautiful parkway drive ends at Franklin Park, but begins
again in the Dorchesterway^ which, in connection with the strand-
way, opens into Marine Park.
Marine Park, on South Boston Point, includes historic Castle
Island, and is connected with the latter by bridge. From its south-
eastern extremity an immense pier, 1,300 feet in length, has been
built out into the bay, and is a crowded resort on pleasant Sundays.
A head-house was built at the shore end of the point. This build-
ing is flanked on two sides by raised platforms to serve as prome-
nades, which extend to the iron pier, and below and between
which bath houses are located. The house contains a general w^ait-
ing-room on the ground or terrazzo floor, with men's and women's
waiting and dressing rooms and bath toilets, the spaces under the
promenades being devoted to offices for the police and a foreman's
and workmen's rooms. On the second floor two large cafes, con-
nected by a corridor and service rooms, adjoin the promenades, the
rest of this floor being occupied with the upper part of the general
w^ai ting-room and the stairway to the restaurant, which is on the
third floor above the waiting-room. Over the cafes are the kitcb3n
and store-room, and the attic contains the laundry.
Castle Island has been a fortified spot since 1634. Castle William,
which stood here when the Revolutionary War broke out, was burned
by the British when they evacuated Boston. The Continentals then
took possession of the island and restored the fort. In 1798 its name
was formally changed to Fort Independence, and the following year
it was ceded to the United States. From 1785 to 1805 it was the place
of confinement for prisoners sentenced to hard labor, provision having
been made in the act of cession to the United States that this privi-
lege should be retained. The present fort was built about the year
1855.
A Park for the North End. — The agitation for a park for the
thickly populated region north of Hanover Street resulted, in 1894, in
the passage of an act by the Legislature authorizing the park board to
take lands to a limit of $300,000 in assessed values, and providing
$50,000 for construction. Soon after its passage the board examined
the locality with a view of determining the most suitable location for
the proposed pleasure-ground, with regard both to natural advantages
and a fair amount of territory for the desired purposes. As a result
of this examination the commission secured a small tract for w^hich a
 THE CITY'S PARKS AND SQUARES, 69

complete plan was prepared, which may be described as follows;

The land devoted to purposes of recreation lies between the ancient
Copps Hill Burying Ground and the sheet of water which is the con-
fluence of the Charles and Mystic rivers. It is separated from the
burying ground by Charter Street, and it is crossed by the busy
waterside thoroughfare called Commercial Street. Between the two
streets the narrow public domain slopes steeply dowm between two
ranks of tenement houses, thus opening a prospect from the already
frequented Copps Hill. Between Commercial Street and the water
the original shore-line has disappeared under a tangle of more or less
ancient sea-walls, fillings, and pile structures.
The plan is designed to make this confined space afford oppor-
tunity for the greatest possible variety of modes of recreation. Thus,
a resting-place commanding a view of the water is provided upon a
broad terrace on a level with the upper street; an ample promenade
adjacent to the water is provided upon a pier, the upper deck of
which can be reached from the terrrace by a bridge which spans
Commercial Street; a good place for children to play is provided on the
beach, which forms the shore of the small haven formed by the pier;
dressing rooms are provided for the use of the bathers, floats, and
other conveniences for boatmen. The stone terrace audits accom-
panying flights of steps is plainly, but substantially, constructed,
while the steep earth-slopes at the ends and below the high wall are
planted with low shrubbery, The new or restored beach terminates
against sea- walled piers of solid filling, from the end of one of which
the long and substantial pleasure pier runs out to and along the har-
bor commissioners* line. Between the beach and Commercial Street
there is room for a little greensward and a screening background of
shrubbery.
 IV.

OLD LANDMARKS.

To meet the requirements of a great and growing modern citv,

many of the interesting old landmarks of Boston have been sacrificed.
But much remains for the edification and instruction of tourists who
Faneuil Hall, the Old State House,
are interested in historical relics.
theOld South Church, Christ Church, and King's Chapel are shrines
which attract and inspire all true Americans, and many a pleasant
and profitable hour may be spent in reviewing their history and asso-
ciations as well as in visiting them.
In no other American city are there so many objects which will
awaken reverent regard for that past which is the birthright of
America's sons and daughters. Economy of time and strength should
be considered in all sight-seeing, and, as most of the interesting his-
torical landmarks of Boston are in the north part of the town, this is
not difficult to attain. A pleasant half -day may be spent in doing the
Old State House, Fanueil Hall, Quincy Market, which is just across
Merchants' Row from Faneuil Hall Christ Church, and Copps Hill
:

3ur34ng Ground. Another half -day should be given to the Old South
Meeting-House, King's Chapel, King's Chapel Burying Ground, the
Old Granary Burying Ground, and the Central Burying Ground on
the Common. In the following pages will be found a brief historical
and descriptive sketch of each of these places.
Faneuil Hall, in Faneuil Hall Square, is the " Cradle of Liberty"
..^ all who have studied the history of the United States. The first
Faneuil Hall was built in 1742, and was a market-house. It was
given to the town by Peter Faneuil, a wealthy merchant of French
descent, who stipulated that it should be legally authorized and
maintained under proper regulations. The enlargement of the plan
to include a second story for a hall was a later thotight. When the
people voted to accept the building they provided that it should be
(70)
 OLD LANDMARKS, 11

called Fanenil Hall forever. " The first Faneuil Hall was a structure
'
'

only loo feet long by 40 feet wide. It was partially destroyed by fire
in 1761, only the walls remaining, but rebuilt by the town the follow-
ing year. Part of the funds used in rebuilding were raised by a
lottery authorized by the State. The second building was completed
and formally opened on March 14, 1763, and it was the patriot James
Otis, then the orator, who dedicated the hall to "the cause of
liberty." Here were held all the town meetings, and, in the dark
days before the Revolution, the patriot orators of the time often spoke
the words which inspired and kept moving the spirit of Liberty.
This building, which was only about half the size of the preseni;
one, and two stories high, remained so until 1805. Then, under the
direction of Bulfinch, it was much enlarged and improved. Its
width was increased to 80 feet; the third story was added; the
hall was made 78 feet square and 28 feet high; large galleries, rest-
ing on Doric columns, ^/ere put in, and the large platform was built.
The large painting which hangs at the back of the platform repre-
sents "Webster addressing the United States Senate on the occasion
of his celebrated reply to Hayne. It is by Healy, and is interesting
because of the portraits of some of the leading public men of that
day. Other portraits hanging on the walls of Washington by Stuart,
Faneuil by Col. Henry Sargent, Hancock (Copley), Samuel Adams,
John and John Quincy Adams, and Warren (all by Copley), Commo-
dore Preble, Andrew, Lincoln, and Everett, by modern artists, are
mostly copies, the originals having been removed from the hall to the
Museum of Fine Arts for safe-keeping.
Until the townbecame a city, in 1822, the town offices were estab-
lished here, was the regular place of town meetings. Some of
and it

the greatest orators and agitators of the country have been heard
from its platform. It was here, in 1837, that Wendell Phillips made
his first anti-slavery speech.
The hall is at the disposal of the people for meetings whenever a
sufficient number of persons, complying with certain regulations, ask
to have it opened. The city charter contains a wise provision for
bidding its sale or lease. It is freely opened to visitors. On the
upper floor of the building is the armory of the Ancient and Hon-
orable Artillery Company, the oldest military organization in the
country. It contains a museum of colonial and provincial relics,
which is also open to visitors. The building was re-roofed in 1899.
72 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON.

—
Old State House. On Washington Street, at the head of State
Old Sta^e House, one of the few survivals of the ante-
Street, is the
Revolutionary buildings in the city. It is, undoubtedly, the most
interesting historical building in this country, for itwas here that
"the child Independence was born," On this site, where had been
the earliest market-place of the town, the first town house was built
in 1657. This house was destroyed by fire in 1711, rebuilt a year
later, and again burned in 1747. The present structure was built in
1748, and within and without the building many stirring events have
occurred. It was in turn town house, court house, province court
house. State house, and city hall. On the first floor was, in early
times, the merchants' walk or exchange. In the eastern room of the
second story, with an outlook down King Street, was the council
chamber, where the royal governors of the province and the royal
council sat. The western chamber was the general court-room.
Over the entrance to one of these two rooms is placed the seal of the
city, and over the other that of the State.
During the Stamp-Act excitement the stamped clearances were
burned in front of its doors. The British troops were quartered
within the building in 1768, and w^ithin a few feet of its eastern
porch occurred the Boston massacre, on March 5, 1770. The next
day Sam Adams stood in the council chamber and made his suc-
cessful demand upon the royal representatives for the immediate
removal of the troops from Boston. Frothingham, in describing this
event, says: " On the walls of the chamber were representatives of
the two elements now in conflict —
of the Absolutism that was pass-
ing away, in full-length portraits of Charles II and James II robed
in the royal ermine; and of a Republicanism which had grown robust
and self-reliant, in the heads of Endicott, and Winthrop,and Brad-
strcet, and Belcher. Around a long table were seated the lieutenant-
governor (Hutchinson) and the members of the council, with the
military officers; the scrupulous and sumptuous costumes of the civil-
ians in authority —
gold and silver lace, scarlet cloaks, and large
wigs —mingling with the brilliant uniforms of the British army and
navy. Into such imposing presence were now ushered the plainly-
attired committee of the town." In the same room Generals Clinton,
Howe, and Gage held a council of war just before the battle of
i-imkcr rmi.
l^>om the balcony on the State Street side, where the royal procla-
^^ ,
^^^^^
^^^ /
"
jtrr-'-rti Mt ii''
-^' -
m%ititm
^^^'^^<f»Wi fr-v ^^^^

THE STATE HOUSE— State, Devonshire and Washington Streets

THE JEFFERSON
RICHMOND, VA.
The most magnificent hotel in the South

European Plan

400 ROOMS 300 BATHS

Rooms single and en suite, with and without private Bath
Turkish and Roman Baths Spacious Sample Rooms
Large Convention Hall Rates $1.50 and upwards

Near by the New 18 Hole Golf Course

of the Country Club of Va.

Every Convenience for the Traveling Man, Every Comfort

for the Tourist
 OLD LANDMARKS. 75

mations had been delivered, the news of the Declaration of Independ-

ence was proclaimed. Inside the house "the gentlemen stood up,
and each, repeating the words as they w^ere spoken by an officer,
swore to uphold the rights of his country." The proclamation was
followed by a banquet in the council chamber. In 1789, at the west-
ern end of the building, Washington reviewed the great procession in
his honor on the occasion of his last memorable visit to Boston.
Here, in 1835, William Lloyd Garrison found refuge from a mob,
which had broken up an anti-slavery meeting and threatened the life
of the brave agitator.
When the State House was no longer needed as a public building
it was remodeled and turned into business offices. The original
architectural effect was wholly destroyed by the addition of a man-
sard roof and other changes. But in 1880-81 public-spirited citizens
began a movement which ended in the successful restoration of the
building. From the second story upward the exterior of the house
now has the appearance it wore in the Provincial period. The gilt
eagle, wnth the State and city arms spread over the western front,
was placed to appease over-sensitive citizens who w^ere disturbed by
the restoration of the lion and unicorn, in copies, on the eastern gables.
Every effort has been made to reproduce the old interior, as well as
exterior, and restore, in every detail, the architecture of the Colonial
period. The halls have the same floors and ceilings, and on three
sides the same walls, that they had in 1747. One end wall in each of
the two chambers is new, but it rests upon the same spot as the old
wall. The balcony of the second story has been restored upon the
model of the still-existing attic balcony, and it is reached through a
window of twisted crown glass, out of which have looked all the latter
royal governors of the Colony and the early governors of the State.
The windows of the upper stories are modeled upon the small-paned
windows of Colonial days but f our-paned windows have been put in
;

the first floor and basement to satisfy the tenants, these portions
being let for business purposes. On the second floor are two main
halls and several ante-rooms. The whole of the second floor, the
attics, and cupola are leased by the city to the Bostonian Society.
The terms of the lease provide for an annual payment by the society
of $100, and the maintenance of the rooms for public exhibition. An
interesting collection of antiquities, relating to the building itself, and
to the early history of the city and State, with several portraits, and
 :

76 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON.

quaint, crude paintings of ancient date, is exhibited here. Admis-

sion free.
Old South Meeting-House, on Washington Street, corner of Milk
Street, has been called the "Sanctuary of Freedom." The ground
on which it stands was the place where Governor John Winthrop had
his home, and here he died in 1649. The land was afterward owned
by Madam Mary Norton, wife of Rev. John Norton, who gave it in
trust " forever for the erecting of a house for their assembling them-
selves together publiquely to worship God." The Old South Society
worshiped here from 1669 to 1875, when they moved to their new
place of worship on Boylston Street. The first meeting-house was a
small cedar building, erected in 1670, and in this building Benjamin
Franklin was baptized. In 1730 the present brick structure took the
place of the first meeting-house. Although a place of worship, the
old meeting-house had, at times, served other purposes. In the stir-
ring times that preceded the Revolution, when Faneuil Hall was too
small to hold the town meetings, the church opened its doors to the
patriotic crowds.
When the British occupied the town they desecrated the place and
injured the building by using it as a place for cavalry drill. The fire
of 1872 came very near to the precious building, but it escaped de-
struction, and it then served as a post office until the completion of
the post office wing of the Government building. In 1876 the build-
ing was sold to be torn down and replaced by a business block. But
the "Old South Preservation Committee," composed of twenty-five
Boston women, came to the rescue and purchased it conditionally for
$430,000. The meeting-house is now used as a loan museum of
historical relics, which include many interesting portraits, quaint old
furniture, flags, and weapons. It is open daily, and the entrance fee

(25 cents) becomes a part of the preservation fund. It is still some-

times used for public meetings and the regular Old South Lectures
;
'
'

to Young People," on local history, given by eminent men, are

features of the winter seasons. The tablet on the tower was placed
in 1867

Old South
Church gathered 1669
First House built 1670
This House erected 1729
Desecrated by British Troops 1775^.
 OLD LANDMARKS. 77

The Old Corner Book Store.— After leaving the Old South it
would be well for the visitor to cross Washington Street, and, going
one block to the north, on the corner of School Street, he will find the
oldest building now standing in Boston. On this ground was once
the dwelling of Ann Hutchinson, the strong-minded woman who was
banished for heresy in 1637. The present building bears the date of
1 71 2, and was the property of Thomas Crease, who used it as a dwelling

and apothecary shop. It was occupied by different tenants, as a

dwelling or for offices, until 18 16, when Dr. Samuel Clarke, whose son.
Rev. James Freeman Clarke, was born here, restored the old building
to its original purpose of a drug store. Doctor Clarke was succeeded in
1828 by Messrs. Carter & Hendee, who first used the front as a book
store, and it has been devoted to this purpose until recently. It was
occupied successively by the firms of Carter & Hendee, Allen &
Ticknor, William D. Tickiior & Co., Ticknor & Fields, E. P. Dutton
& Co., A. Williams & Co., Damrell & Upham, and by the Old Corner
Book Store, Inc., who have removed to 27 Bromfield Street, one
block south. Through some of these firms it may be said to have
become the progenitor of the great publishing houses of Houghton,
Mifflin & Co., Roberts Brothers, and of the music business of Oliver
Ditson. Here James T. Field, James R. Osgood, and Benjamin H.
Ticknor began their careers as clerks, and here many of the famous
writers and students of Boston loved to gather and exchange greetings
and ideas.
King's Chapel, on Tremont Street, corner of School Street, is a
plain and solid edifice of dark granite, with a massive square tower,
surrounded by wooden Ionic columns. The interior of the church,
with its rows of columns supporting the ceiling, the richly painted
windows of the chancel, the antique pulpit and reading-desk, the
mural tablets, and quaintly sculptured marble monuments that line
the walls, will impress the visitor with its likeness to old English
churches.
The first King's Chapel was built in 1689 by the first Episcopal
Church Society of Boston. This society had previously worshiped
first in the town house and then in the Old South, under the protec-

tion of Governor Andros, and to the great sorrow of the Congrega-

tionalists. The first chapel was built of Avocd. In 1710 the building
was enlarged. Pews were reserved for the Governor and British
army and naval officers. The walls and pillars were hung with the
78 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON,
escutcheons of the king and royal governors, and upon the pulpit
stood an hour-glass to mark the length of the sermons. An early
description of Boston states that '
' King William and Queen Mary
gave them a pulpit-cloth, a cushion, a rich set of plate for the com-
munion and a piece of painting, reaching from the bottom to
table,
the top of the east end of the church, containing the Decalogue,
the Lord's Prayer, and the Apostles' Creed."
The present chapel was completed in 1753. The plan embraced a
steeple, but none was ever built. During the reign of Queen Anne it
was called Queen's Chapel, and for a while after the Revolution the
name was changed to Stone Chapel; but in time the love of the people
for ancient local names caused them to return to King's Chapel, which
has been retained ever since. After the evacuation the chapel re-
mained closed until late in the year 1777, when the Old South Society,
whose meeting-house had been so nearly destroyed by the British
troojDS, occupied it, using it for nearly five years, while its own
meeting-house was undergoing repairs. In 1782 the church was
reopened by the remnant of the old society, with James Freeman as
" reader;" and under his teaching the Unitarian faith was professed
by the congregation, so that what had been the first Episcopal church
in Boston became the first Unitarian. In 1787, Doctor Freeman was
ordained rector, and thereupon the connection of the church with the
American Protestant Episcopal church was terminated.
Christ Church, Salem Street (North End), was built by the second
Episcopal Society in Boston, and is the oldest church edifice now
standing in the city. It was dedicated December 29, 1723, and its
first rector was Rev. Timothy Cutter, D. D., who served until his

death, August 7, 1765. This old church is a very interesting land-

mark, as it retains, generally, its original appearance. This is the
church from whose steeple it is supposed the lanterns of Paul
Revere were hung out to warn the country of the march of the
British troops on Lexington and Concord. A tablet on the front of
the church, placed there October 17, 1878, bears this inscription :

The
signal lanterns of Paul Revere displayed in the
steeple of this church, April 18, 1775, warned the country
of the march of the British troops to Lexington and
Concord.
But some very good authorities claim that this is a mistake, and
that the North Church referred to by Paul Revere, in a narrative
80 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON.
which he prepared twenty years after the events, was the North
Church, then standing in North Square. But Christ Church was also
known as the "North Church," and, to support its claim, brings
evidence which shows that Capt. John Puling, one of the wardens of
the church, received the signal to display the lanterns, and that
Robert Newman, the sexton, hung them out.
The original steeple was blown down in the great gale of 1804;
but the present one was built immediately after the fall of the old,
and is an accurate reproduction of that. Aside from the steeple there
is nothing in the plain exterior of the church to attract attention.
The interior retains most of its ancient fixtures and the original
decorations have been reproduced. The high, small-paned windows,
with deep seats; the balcony supported by pillars, the top " slaves'
gallery," and the old-fashioned pews, have all been preserved. The
bottom of the old pulpit, of hour-glass shape, is still there; but the
upper part was given away by one of the church officials in 1820, and
a modern affair fills its place. The organ is not the original one,
which was imported from London in 1756, but it is inclosed in the
original antique case. The clock below the rail has been doing duty
since 1746. The figures of the cherubim in front of the organ and the
chandeliers were taken from a French vessel by the privateer
Queen of Hungary," in 1746, and presented to the churc'H by Captain
Grushea its Bible, prayer books, and communion service, still in
;

use, were given to it by King George II in 1733, and the silver

bears the royal arms. The chime of bells, the sweetest and most
musical the town has ever had, was brought from England in 1744.
It is said to be the first chime in America.

Old Burying- Grounds.

The four oldest burying grounds in the city proper are still pre-
served and faithfully cared for, though for several years they have
been unused as places for burial. They are among the most interest-
ing of the landmarks of early times, and speak eloquently :o us of
many of the founders of Boston.
King's Chapel Burying Ground, on Tremont Street, between
King s Chapel and the former building of the Massachusetts Historic al
Society, is the oldest of these ancient cemeteries, and for thirty year^
was the only burial place of the town. The exact date of its estab-
lishment is not known, but according to Shurtleff's Topographical
 : :

OLD LANDMARKS, 81

and first burial here was on

Historical Description of Boston," the
the 1 February, 1630. The following reference to it i- found in
8th of
John Winthrop's record " Cap* Welden, a hopeful younge gent &
:

an experienced souldier dyed at Charlestowne of a consumption, and

was buryed at Boston w*^ military funeral." Here rest the remains
of Gov. John Winthrop and his son and grandson, who were
governors of Connecticut; of Governor Shirley, Lady Andros (the
wife of Governor Andros); John Cotton, John Davenport, the founder
of New Haven, Conn. John Oxenbridge and Thomas Bridge, pastors
;

of the First Church, and other well-known personages of the early

days. In one of the tombs here were deposited the remains of the wife
of John Winslow, who, as Mary Chilton, according to tradition, was the
first woman to touch the shore at Cape Cod, springing from the boat

as it approached the shore. There are many quaint old gravestones

in the yard; but some of them have been moved from their original
positions and set up as edgestones to paths. One of these stones has
a most remarkable history. At some time the stone was removed
from the grave it marked and was lost. In 1830, when some excava-
tions were being made near the Old State House, it was found sev-
eral feet below the surface of State Street. It is of green stone and
is inscribed
HERE LYETH :

THE BODY OF Mr : : :

WILLIAM PADDY AGED : :

58 YEARS DEPARTED :

THIS LIFE AUGUST THE [28]

: :

1658.

On the reverse is this singular stanza of poetr^^

HEAR SLEAPS THAT . .

BLESED ONE WHOES . LIEF . . •

GOD HELP. VS ALL TO LIVE . . . .

THAT SO WHEN TIEM SHALL BE

. . . . .

THAT WE THIS WORLD MUST LIUE

. . . . .

WE EVER MAY
. BE HAPPY . . .

WITH BLESED WILLIAM PADDY.

. . .

Copps Hill Burying Ground, on Hull Street, a short distance

from Old Christ Church, was the second burial place established in
Boston. It was first used for interment in 1660, and was several
times enlarged. Here are the graves of Doctors Increase, Cotton
and Samuel Mather Rev. Dr. Andrew Eliot of the New North
;

Church, Mrs. ]\Iary Baker, a sister of Paul Revere Chief Justice ;

 :

HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON.

Parker, and many who were prominent in the early history of the
tovvm. During the Siege the inclosure was occupied by the British
as a military station. The soldiers used the gravestones as targets,
and the marks of the bullets may yet be seen on some of them. A
stone which seems to have been particularly sought out by the sol-
diers in their desecration of the ground bears the following record

Here lies buried in a

Stone Grave lo feet deep
Capt. DANIEL MALCOM Mercht
who departed this Life
October 23d 1769
Aged 44 Years
A true Son of Liberty
a Friend to the Publick an
Enemy to oppression and
one of the foremost in
opposing the Revenue Acts
on America.

Captain Malcom would be called a c.muggler at the present time,

for the above inscription refers to his landing a valuable cargo of
wines without paying duty upon it. But as the tax was regarded
as unjust and oppressive, the citizens approved and lauded the act.
The oldest stone in the graveyard is believed to be one bearing date
of 1661, erected to the memory of the grandchildren of William Copp^
for whom the hill was named — an industrious cobbler who lived
near by. Several stones bear earlier dates, but these were altered
from the original, the date 1690 in one case having been changed to
1620, and 1695 to 1625. One of the oldest stones records the death of
" Captain Thomas Lake, who was perfidiously slain by ye Indians
at Kennebec Aug. 14, 1676." Captain Lake was a commander of the
Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company in 1662 and 1674, and,
according to the story, the slit deeply cut in his gravestone was filled
with the melted bullets taken from his body. The metal was long
ago chipped away by relic hunters. There are several slabs bearing
armorial devices, which the superintendent of the yard is always
ready to point out to visitors. During the summer months the gates
are thrown open, and the people are allowed access to the cool,
shaded grounds. At times, when the gates are closed, admission can
be obtained by application to the superintendent, who lives in the
neighborhood. The high, rough stone wall was placed when it
 OLD LANDMARKS. 83

became necessary, in the improvement of this section of the city, to

cut down that portion of the hill without the limits of the burying
ground.
Old Granary Burying Ground, on the north side of Tremont
Street, between Park Street Church and the site of the old Tremont
House, is the most interesting of the old burying grounds of Boston.

It was established in 1660, at the same time that the Copps Hill Bury-
ing Ground was laid out. The ground was formerly a part of the
Common, and it received the name it bears because of its proximity to
the old town granary, which stood where the Park Street Church
now stands.. The list of the distinguished dead who rest here
includes nine governors of the Colony and State three of the signers
;

of the Declaration of Independence Paul Revere, the patriot Peter

; ;

Faneuil, the donor of the market house and hall that bears his
name Judge Samuel Sewall, six doctors of divinity, the first
;

mayor of Boston, and many others. Upon the front of one of the
tombs, on the side next to Park Street Church, was once a marble
slab with the inscription, " No. 16, Tomb of Hancock but nothing
now marks the resting-place of the first signer of the Declaration of
Independence, and the first Governor of Massachusetts under the
Constitution. In another part of the yard is the grave of Samuel
Adams, "the father of the Revolution." Near the Tremont House
corner are the graves of the victims of the " Boston massacre of
1770." The most conspicuous monument here is one erected in
1827, which marks the graves of the parents of Benjamin Franklin.
It contains the epitaph, composed by their illustrious son, "in filial
regard to their memory." This is the inscription :

They lived lovingly together in wed

lock years, and without an
fifty-five
any gainful employment, by
estate, or
constant labor and honest industry
maintained a large family comfortably,
and brought up thirteen children and
seven grandchildren respectably. From
this instance, reader, be encouraged to
diligence in thy Calling, and distrust
not Providence.
He was a pious and prudent man ;

She a discreet and virtuous woman.

The names of some of the distinguished persons buried here are

84 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON,
displayed upon the bronze tablets fixed upon the gates of the main
entrance to the yard. The high, carved gateway, in the summer
time, is picturesque in a mantle of ivy. Entrance to the yard may
be obtained upon application to the superintendent.
The Central Burying Ground, on the Boylston Street side of the
Common, is the least interesting of the ancient cemeteries of the
town. It waslaid out in 1756, but the oldest stone, with the excep-
tion of one which was removed from some other ground, is dated
1761. Stuart, the portrait-painter, was buried here, and Monsieur
Julien, the inventor of the famous soup that bears his name. Julien's
public house was for some years on the corner of Milk and Congress
streets.' He died in 1805, but his soup is still flourishing. It is sup"
posed that several of the British soldiers who died from wounds
received at Bunker Hill, or from disease in the barracks during the
Siege, were buried here; but there is nothing to prove this, and the
statement is questioned. Drake says that they were buried in a
common trench, and that many of the remains were exhumed when
changes in the northwest corner of the yard were made. This bury-
ing ground formerly extended to Boylston Street, and it was con-
tracted to its present dimensions when the Boylston Street mall was
laid out in 1839.

HORTICULTURAL HALL— Corner Huntington and Massachusetts Avenues

 V.

THEATERS AND OTHER AMUSE-

MENTS.

Boston is known to the theatrical world as one of the best show

towns in the country. This is the more remarkable, as it was many
years after the play-house was flourishing in other cities before the
Puritan City consented to its establishment in her midst. In 1750
an act was passed '
to prevent stage plays and other theatrical
'

entertainments," imposing heavy fines on the owner of the premises

in which such entertainments should be given in defiance of the law,
and upon the spectators and actors as well. Several unsuccessful
attempts were made to secure the repeal of this act, during the years
succeeding, before it finally disappeared from the statute books.
During the past few years, theaters have multiplied with marvel-
ous rapidity. Twenty-five years ago, the Boston, the Globe, the
Museum, the Howard, and a few cheap variety houses, were the only
theaters in the city. To this list have since been added the Tremont,
the Hollis-Street, Majestic, Colonial, Columbia, Park, Bowdoin
Square, Castle Square, and Keith's, Boston now has about fifteen
theatres, properly so called, besides several places where similar
entertainments are given.

Alphabetical List of Theaters.

Bijou Dream Theater, 543 Washington Street. Light attractions.
Globe Theater, Washington and Beach Streets opened in
(85)
86 HAXDY Glide to boston.
September, 1904, playing the best of hi.oh-class musical shows at
medium prices; situated very conveniently to all car lines.

Majestic Theater, Tremont Street, near Boylston, one of

Bosion's newest theaters and one of the most handsome; strictly
fire-proof; plapng first-class dramatic attractions only.

Boston Theater, 539 Washington, between "West and Avery

streets. This theater was opened in 1S54, and it was, for many
years, the largest and most magnificent play-house in America. The
exterior of the building is unpretentious, and almost buried from
sight behind the adjacent buildings but within it is, in ever}' respect,
;

substantial and imposing. The lobbies are spacious, the staircases

broad, and exevy convenience for the comfort of the audience is sup-
plied. The auditorium is 90 feet in diameter, and reaches a height
of 54 feet. The stage is S5 feet deep, and 66 feet high to the fly-floor.
The curtain opening is 4S x 41 feet. The house seats 3,000 persons.
There is a \vide front entrance on Washington Street, and a rear one
on Mason Street, and the means of egress are so ample that 1,000
persons can be dismissed in a minute. The prices range from $1.50
to 50 cents.

—
Bowdoin Square Theater. This theater is located in Bowdoin
Square, and was opened to the public in Februar)^, 1S92. It has a
broad, handsome lobb}" and Auditorium decorated in old ivory and
gold. The stage is large, and the proscenium opening is 36 feet
wide by 32 feet high. It will seat 1,500 people, and the prices range
from fi.50 to 25 cents.

The Castle Square Theater, opened in November, 1S94, occupies

the fortress-hke building at 421 Tremont Street. The stage com-
bines every improvement at present known to the theatrical world.
The space is ample, providing for 40 feet proscenium opening, 50
feet to back wall, 70 feet between walls, and 85 feet high, and, in
addition, broad entrances on each side of the stage lead to the
streets adjoining. The theater seats 1,700 people. Prices are popu-
lar, and a good seat can be had for 50 cents.
The Columbia Theater occupies an entire block on Washington
Street, and comprises the numbers from 978 to 9S6, inclusive. In
 THEATERS AND OTHER AMUSEMENTS 87

design it follows the Moorish style, and its towers rise above the sur-
rounding buildings. The interior finish and the furnishings are in
harmony with the exterior architecture. The Columbia will seat
1, Burlesque shows at popular prices.
600.
Boston Opera House. This magnificent and costly home of
grand opera in Boston is located on Huntington Avenue, near Sym-
phony Hall and the Museum of Fine Arts, and is one of the finest
structures devoted to this purpose extant. High-class operatic per-
formances are furnished during the fall and winter season by a
splendid local company.
Colonial Theatre, 100 Boylston Street. Patronized by the fash-
ionable people of Boston. High-class drama. Prices range from
$z to 50 cents.
The Grand Opera House is at 1176 Washington Street, on the
corner of Ashland Place. This is the chief South End theater, and
performances are given by a stock company and by combinations.
Prices range from %\ to 25 cents.
The HoUis Street Theater occupies the site of the old Hollis
Street Church, at No. 10 Hollis Street. It was opened November

9, 1885. It is one of the most thoroughly built edifices of its kind in

the city, and it is especially well arranged in the particulars of safe-
ty from fire and means of quick and easy egress. It has a large
auditorium, beautifully decorated and well lighted. The auditor-
ium has a seating capacity of 1,600. The prices range from ^2 to
25 cents.
The Howard Athenaeum, 34 Howard Street, near Scollay Square,
was first opened as a theater on the evening of October 13, 1845.
During the following winter the theater was burned, but it was
immediately rebuilt. In its early days it was the representative
theater of the city. Since 1868 it has been a variety theater. It
seats 1,500. Prices range from 25 to 75 cents.There is a continuous
performance from i to 10 p.m.
Huntington Hall is in the Rogers Building of the Institute of
Technology. It is where the Lowell Institute lectures are given
and is the place of meeting of the Society of Arts. ^
Horticultural Hall, an ornamental building of v/hite granite,
which stands on the corner of Huntington and Massachusetts
Avenues, is the headquarters of the Massachusetts Horticultural
(88)
 THEATERS AND OTHER AMUSEMENTS 89

Society, one of the oldest institutions of its kind in the country,

dating from 1829. The exterior of the building is massive and
elegant in proportion. The exterior granite statues of Ceres, Flora
and Pomona were executed by Martin Milmore. On the second and
third floors, respectively, are the halls of the society, in which its
exhibitions are given.
Jordan Hall, New England Conservatory Building, corner of
Huntington Avenue and Gainsborough Street; seating capacity
i,oig; exceptional acoustic properties.
Keith's New Theater, 547 Washington Street, is one of the hand-
somest theaters in Boston. It is a vaudeville theater, with a con-
tinuous performance from i p.m. to 10.30 p.m. Even people who do
not care for vaudeville shows enjoy going to Keith's for the delight
and exhilaration afforded by the gayest and most brilliant example
of the rococo style in the city. Admission from 25 cents to ^1.50.
Gaiety, Washington near Boylston. Burlesque. Popular prices,
25 and 50 cents.
Shubert Theater, Tremont Street, opposite Hollis Street. This
is Boston's newest first-class theater, and one of its best. It is
artistically decorated and has a large seating capacity. High-class
presentations are given. There are Wednesday and Saturday
matinees, and prices range from 25 cents to ^2.
The Orpheum, formerly the Music Hall. Main entrance on
Washington Street. This is a plain brick building, without archi-
tectural pretensions. It was b'^,. t by private enterprise and opened
in 1852. This is now devoted to vaudeville.
Norumbega Park contains many amusement features, including
an open air theaterwith a capacity of thirty-five hundred. Other
features are the Zoological Garden, Rifle Ranges, Chalet of Wonders,
etc. A fine automobile garage is provided for patrons and arrange-
ments are made for canoeing and boating.
The Park has also within its limits a fine restaurant.
Take cars in the Subway or on Boylston Street. All cars going
to the Park carry a blue flag on the trolley arm.
Symphony Hall, Huntington and Massachusetts Avenues, the
home of the Symphony Orchestra, has a seating capacity of 2,569.
For the accommodation of the audience there are ample doors to
the corridor and likewise through the entrances. The main entrance
is on Huntington Avenue, with one on Massachusetts Avenue. Two
passages, to be used for exits only, are at the stage end of the hall.
There is room in the corridors and vestibules for the entire seating
capacity. yThe interior decoration and lighting are up to date, and
the new Symphony Hall is a credit to Boston.
90 HAXDY GUIDE TO BOSTOX.
Mechanics' Hall is in the magnificent building of the Massachu-
setts CharitableMechanic Association, on Huntington Avenue, comer
of West Xewton Street. It was built especiall}^ for the public exhi-
bitions (^held about once in three years) of American Manufactures
and Mechanic arts. Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic
[See
Association in Chapter VHI.] It contains sittings for 8,000 people,
and is frequently let for grand opera and other large entertainments.
I: has all the conveniences for large gatherings and a fine organ.

Museum Austin & Stone'sj. — This is a dime museum and variety

theatre, locatei a: 4 Tremont Rq-.v. Continuous perform^ance.

—
Park Theatre. This is a small theatre, located at 619 Wash-
ington Street. It was constructed from the old Beethoven Ha'.l
and dates from 1879. It is a high-class combination house, and
the names of many great actors and actresses are associated with
its stage. Though the house is small, the space is so thoroughly
utilized that seats are provided for over i.ioo persons.

Pilgrim Hall, 14 Beacon — Religious meetings and conventions.

St.

Steinert Hall. — An auditorium m Boylston Street, near Park

Square, devoted mainly to music, but also used for lectures, etc.

Tremont Theatre. — This is located at 170 Tremont Street. It

was built for Henry E. Abbey and John B. Schoeffel. The audi-
torium is 75 feet high, of the same width, and 80 feet deep. It
is fashioned on the plan of a mammoth shell. On the main floor
there are no flat surfaces of any length. By this arrangement
the hearing, as well as the sight, gains. The ten oddly-fashioned
private boxes on either side of the proscenium give a novel elTect
to the interior. The decoration of the main ceiling is modernized
Renaissance, treated in Gobelin-tapestry effect, and the coloring
of the walls is in harmonizing shades. The stage is 73 by 45 feet,
with a height of 69 feet to the rigging loft. The house has 2,000
seats. The main entrance is exceptionally fine, and forms a broad
vestibule, lobby, and foyer. Prices range from $1.50 to 50 cents.

The Turnhalle, at 29 Middlesex Street, is the headquarters of

the Turners. It has a pretty little theatre, in which German plays
are occasionally given.
92 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON.
Tremont Temple, 82 Tremont Street, is a fine new building
erected on the site of the old Temple, which was destroyed by fire
in the year 1893. It is intended to be occupied on Sundays as a
place of worship, and occasionally on the evenings of other days for
concerts, lectures, etc., in Lorimer and Converse halls.

Museums and Collections.

—
Art and Picture Gallery. In the vicinity of Boston Common are
found the chief studios and art schools for which the city is famous.
Doll & Richards' Art and Picture Gallery, 2 Park Street has con-
stantly changing exhibitions of paintings by foreign and local artists.
Here also may be seen a fine line of engravings, etchings, photographs,
and frames.
Boston Athenaeum, 10 Beacon Street. There is a collection of
valuable paintings and statuary in the grand vestibule and staircase
of the Athenaeum Building, which can be seen by visitors on any
week-day without charge. The library is a private one, and can be
visited only upon the introduction of a member.

Barnum Museum —Tuft's College, College Hill, Medford. This

fine natural history collection was the gift of the late P T. Barnum,
the famous amusement manager, and is destined to become one of
the most interesting museums in the United States, additions being
frequently made to it. Among the unique features of the collection
is the stuffed skin of the famous elephant, " Jumbo," and many other
rare and curious specimens.
Bunker Hill Museum. — At the base of Bunker Hill Monument,
Charlestown District, there is kept a collection of interesting Colonial
and Revolutionary relics.
Botanical Garden, Cambridge. This is one of the largest and
finest collections of plants and flowers in the country and is free to
the public daily. Take an "Arlington " car to Linnean Street, via
Harvard Square. It was here that Prof.. Asa Gray lived and worked.

The Boston Natural History Museum is in the building of the

Natural History Society, corner of Boylston and Berkeley streets,
and is maintained by this society. The collection of preserved .

mammals, birds, fishes, shells, minerals, and other specimens here

 THEATERS AND OTHER AMUSEMENTS, 93

exhibited is one of the most valuable and interesting in the country,

and the society's library and lecture-courses are among the foremost
educational influences for science in Boston. It is free to the public
from 9 A. M. to 5 p. m. on Wednesdays and Saturdays. On other days
it is open from 9 a. m. to 5 p. m., and an admission fee of 25 cents
is charged.
Faneuil Hall Collection of Historical Paintings. Merchants* —
Row and Faneuil Hall Square. The thousands who visit this shrine
©f American patriotism an interesting collection of historical
will find
paintings and portraits. open to visitors every day (except Sun-
It is
day) from 9 A. M. to 4 p. M. [See Fanueil Hall," in Chapter IV.]
Historic Genealogical Collection, 18 Somerset Street. At the
rooms of the New England Historic Genealogical Society may be
seen a large and valuable collection of old engravings, prints, and
books, possessing great interest for historians, genealogists, antiqua-
rians, and all who are interested in the genealogies of New England.
The rooms are open to the public, without charge, every week-day
from 9 A. M. to 5 p. M. except Saturdays, when the hours are from
9 A. M. to I p. M.
Krino Grotto, Museum, and Gardens, Wellesley. William Emer-
son Baker, a few years since, converted his noted Ridge Hill Farms
into one of the. most unique pleasure-grounds. There are rare and
beautiful plants, a zoological collection, aquarium, underground gar-
dens and ferneries, grottoes, and various other novel features. A
nominal admission fee is charged.
Massachusetts Historical Museum, Boylston Street and Fenway.
The Massachusetts Historical Society has here a rare collection of
curiosities. Among them are the swords of Sir William Pepperell,
Miles Standish, Colonel Prescott, and others; a phial of the tea washed
ashore after its having been thrown into the harbor at the Boston * *

tea party" an oak chair brought over in " The Mayflower" the
; ;

diary of Judge Samuel Sewall King Philip's samp-bowl; portraits of

;

Governors Winthrop, Endicott, and Winslow, and many other objects

of interest. Open from 9 a. m. to 5 p. m. Admission free.
Museum (Agassiz) of Comparative Zoology, Oxford Street, Cam-
bridge. This great museum, which has no equal in America, was
founded under the direction of Louis Agassiz, one of the foremost
naturalists of the world, who was associated with its direction until
his death. The exhibition rooms comprise the synoptic rooms,
the Tooms containing the collections of mammals, birds, reptile^
7
94 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON,
fishes, mollusks, Crustacea, insects, radiates, sponges, protozoa,
faunal collections of North and South America, the Indo- Asiatic, the
African, and other realms. Here, also, is a collection of glassflowers,
a most wonderful display of imitations of flowers, made by Leopold
and Rudolph Blaschka of Germany, to whom alone the process of
making and coloring is known. The museum belongs to Harvard
University. Open to visitors, every week-day throughout the year,
from 9 to 5. Admission free.
The Old South Museum, — In the Old South Church, corner of
Washington and Milk streets, is quite a valuable collection of Revo-
lutionary and historical relics. The museum is open on week-days
from 9 A. M. to 6 p. m. Admission, 25 cents. [See Old South Meet-
ing-House, in Chapter IV.]
Old State House Collection, Washington, corner of State Street.
The upper portion of the Old State House is now utilized for exhibi-
tion rooms of relics of historical interest, under the control of the
Bostonian Society. Paintings, portraits, antiquities, etc. form a very
,

interesting collection which every visitor should see. Open to the

public every day, except Sunday, from 9.30 a. m. to 4.30 p. m. Ad-
mission free.
Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology,
Cambridge. This was founded by George Peabody, who gave, in
$150,000; of this sum, $60,000 were reserved for a building, which
all,

was finished in 1877. Its purpose is the preservation and display of

everything relating to the aboriginal, prehistoric, human life of this
continent, and it exhibits a great variety of implements, ornaments,
and utensils of stone, clay, bone, shell, and metal, models of abo-
riginal houses, etc. One feature is Dr. C. C. Abbott's famous series
of paleolithic relics from the Trenton, N. J., gravel-beds another is ;

models of cliff-dweller houses and of the ruined structures of Central

America, The building adjoins the Agassiz Museum.
In July, 1891, the government of Honduras gave to the museum,
by a special edict, the charge of the antiquities of that country for
ten years, with the privilege of bringing to the museum one-half of
the collection obtained by explorations of the ancient cities and
burial places within the borders of the country. The Serpent Mound
Park, in Adams County, Ohio, containing the great Serpent Mound,
is the property of the Peabody Museum. Open to the public every
week-day from 9 to 5 o'clock. Admission free.
 THEATERS AND OTHER AMUSEMENTS, 95

The Warren Museum of Natural History is at 82 Chestnut

Street. a private museum, formed, principally, from col-
This is
lections made by Dr. J. C. Warren, the noted surgeon. Among the
curious objects on exhibition are the skeleton of the mastodon (the
only perfect skeleton of the kind anywhere), and many other skele-
tons casts from various objects in the British Museum, mummies,
;

casts of eggs of mammoth birds, and many other objects of great

interest. The collection is preserved in a fireproof building erected
for the purpose. Open only to invited guests.

Music and Musical Societies.

The atmosphere of Boston and it is the most assid-
is full of music,
uously cultivated of all the arts. The regular weekly concerts of the
Symphony Orchestra, with the still more popular rehearsals," draw
enthusiastic audiences from early in the autumn until late in the
spring. The opera seasons are brief and more or less uncertain;
but Boston makes the most of what she can get and hopes for better
times. A
recent writer says that if " a stranger wished to get a
glimpse of a typical old-time Bostonese crowd he could do no better
than to attend a Christmas oratorio by the Handel and Haydn Society
in the Music Hall, and, without flippancy, it may be said that he
would hear heavenly music sung as well as it is likely to be sung here
below. An eminent musical critic has made the remark that if
there were three of him he might make himself go around so as to '
'

cover the concerts that are given in the season, and this conveys but
a hint of the wonderful activity in the musical life of the community."
The following is a list of the principal musical societies of the city:
Alpha^betical List of Musical Societies.
The
Apollo Club was formed in 18 71, by a few leading singers in
church choirs in the city, for the performance of part-songs and cho-
ruses for male voices. The number of active members varies from
sixty to eighty. The number of associate members is limited to 500.
The associate members, for an annual assessment, receive tickets to
all the concerts given by the club. Its membership has included the
best vocalists of Boston among the active members, and the success
of the club has been such that similar clubs have been formed in
many some of them taking the same name. No public
other cities,
and no tickets to its performances are sold. It has
concerts are given,
convenient club-rooms and a hall for its weekly rehearsals.
96 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON.

The Boylston Club a private musical society, which was organ-

is
male voices only. In 1876 the
ized in 1872, for the study of music for
club was enlarged by the formation of an auxiliary chorus for ladies.
It gives cantatas, masses, psalms, and four-part songs of the great
composers, and leaves oratorios to the Handel and Haydn Society.
The active membership now numbers nearly 200. The rehearsals are
given in the Mechanics' Hall, in the building of the Massachusetts
Charitable Mechanics' Association and its concerts in Symphony Hall.
,

Admission is by tickets, obtainable only from members of the club.

The Boston Symphony Orchestra is a permanent organization,
established through the liberality of Col. Henry Lee Higginson.
During the season it gives frequent concerts in Symphony Hall. It
is doing a great deil toward educating the people in classical music.

The Cecilia Society was originally formed in 1874, within the Har-
vard Musical Association, for part-singing for mixed voices. Until
1876 the Cecilia took part in Harvard Symphony concerts only; but
in that year it was reorganized and established on a new and inde-
pendent basis, with 125 active members. Later associate members
were added, the limit being fixed at 250, who bear the expenses of
the association, receiving tickets to the concerts, of which four are
given in each season. Admission to the concerts is secured only by
membership or by invitation of members.
The Orpheus Musical Society dates from 1853. It is the leading
musical association among the Germans of Boston. At first only
Germans were admitted to membership, then Americans were per-
mitted to become associate members, and now, for several years, they
have been welcomed to full membership. The Orpheus is a social
as well as a musical club, and its rooms are the scene of many a
pleasant festival. During each season it gives several concerts.
The Harvard Musical Association was organized in 1837, to ''pro-
mote progress and knowledge of the best music," and it has done
much toward fulfilling its mission. It has a valuable library of
music, and works of history, theory, and general musical literature,
open to members only.
The Handel and Haydn Society.— This association, with a single
exception,is the oldest musical society in the country the oldest —
being the Stoughton Musical Society, formed in 1786. The Handel
and Haydn was established in 181 5, originating in a meeting to
which were invited all who were interested in *'
the subject of culti-
 THEATERS AND OTHER AMUSEMENTS, 97

vating and improving a correct taste in the performance of sacred

music." Its first oratorio was given in King's Chapel, on Christmas
Eve of 1815, with a chorus of 100 voices, only ten of them being
female voices. Its orchestra then consisted of less than a dozen per-
formers and an organ accompaniment. From that time to the present
the society has kept up its efforts to cultivate a popular taste for the
best music. It has a membership of about 500.

Athletics.

There are several private gymnasiums in Boston, two of the best

ofwhich are the Allen Gymnasiuin for Women and Children, and
the Posse Gymnasium, for both men and women. The former was
founded in 1878 by Miss Mary E. Allen. It consists of a school for
body training (six years), and a college of gymnastics for the educa-
tion of teachers.The school, 42 Botolph Street, is provided with bowl-
ing alleys, and tennis courts, and with Turkish baths. The Posse
Gymnasium, at 206 Massachusetts Avenue, was established in 1890,
and includes a normal school for gymnastic training. It is fitted
with Swedish and other apparatus. Fencing is among the branches
taught.
The Young Men's Christian Association, at 458 Boylston Street;
theYoung Men's Christian Union, 48 Boylston Street, and the
Young Wo7nen's Christian Association, 40 Berkeley Street, all have
large and finely equipped gymnasiums.
The Boston one of the largest organiza-
Athletic Association is

tions of its class in the country. occupies a fine club-house on

It
Exeter Street, corner of Blagden, which is one of the best equipped
of its kind in the country. It has tennis, racquet, and hand-ball
courts, fencingand boxing rooms, billiard-rooms, bowling alleys,
Turkish bath, and swimming tank, and a great gymnasium provided
with the most approved apparatus. There are also all the regular
features of a modern club, including a large restaurant and supper-
rooms. The club was organized in 1888, and has over 2,000
members.

Field Sports.
Boston is an enthusiastic patron of field sports which are designed
as games for pleasure rather than exercise in strength and skill.
98 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON,
Baseball is played in Boston every weekday during the season,
and many clubs are devoted to this sport. The Ajnerican League
grounds are located at the corner of Huntington and Rogers Avenues,
and those of the National League at Columbus Avenue and Walpole
Street. The day and hour of all games are advertised in the daily
newspapers.
—
Other Clubs. There are numberless Fencing, Cricket, Bicycle,
Racquet, Automobile, Golfing, Ridijtg, Tennis, Yachting, Row-
ing, and kindred clubs, many having fine club-houses, and informa-
tion concerning them is easily obtained.
Lectures in Boston are frequent, and the advertisements in the
daily papers, especially The Transcript, The Globe, and The Herald,
should be scrutinized for information by any one interested. Chicker-
ing and Huntington halls, Tremont Temple, and the halls of the Y.
M. C. A., the Y. M. C. U., and the Y. W. C. A., are the usual places
for their delivery. The Lowell Institute Lectures, which are a
permanent feature of educational work, are intended to promote the
moral, intellectual, and physical instruction and education of the
inhabitants. Tickets may be obtained as advertised in the news-
papers. Technical lectures on mechanics are given every year at
the Wells Memorial Institute, 987 Washington Street.
 VI.

EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS,
LIBRARIES, ETC.

Public Schools.
In 1635, less than five years after the settlement of Boston, a free
school was opened for "the teaching and nourishing of children," and
thus Boston is entitled to the honor of laying the foundation of the
free-school system of America. Boston may well point with pride to
her public schools, which, according to recent statistics, comprise
more than 600 general and special schools, with a registration of
about 110,000 and nearly 1,500 teachers. Among the special schools
are the Horace Mann School for Deaf Mutes, and a number of
evening schools for the teaching of elementary and classical branches
and drawing.
The Boys* Latin and English High School will interest visitors
more than any of the other public schools, because of its tradi-
tions and the many eminent men who have been among its
pupils and graduates. It occupies the block bounded by Dart-
mouth, Montgomery, and Clarendon streets and Warren Avenue.
The entrance to the Latin School is on the Warren Avenue front,
and that to the English High School on the Montgomery Street
side. The structure is of brick, with sandstone trimmings. Most
of the exterior ornamentation consists of terra-cotta heads in the
gables of the dormer windows, and terra-cotta frieze courses, the
work of S. H. Bartlett, the sculptor. Both the main vestibules
are decorate with statuary. On the Latin School side is the
i^'

marble monument, by Richard S. Greenough, dedicated to those

graduates of the school who took part in the Civil War. On the
C99)
(100)
 EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS, ETC. 101

English High School side is a marble group, by Benzoni, of the

**Flight from Pompeii," the gift of Henry P. Kidder, who was a
graduate of the school. William P. Clough was the architect of
the building, which was dedicated February 22, 1881. The Latin
School is the oldest school in the country, antedating Harvard by
nearly two years. Its first school-house stood on ground now
covered, in part, by King's Chapel, and gave School Street its
name. Among the honored names enrolled as pupils at different
periods in its history, we find those of Benjamin
Franklin, John
Hancock, Samuel Adams, Robert Treat Paine, William Hooper,
Charles Sumner, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Rt. Rev. John B.
Fitzpatrick, Revs. Cotton Mather, Henry Ward Beecher, Edward
Everett Hale, and Bishop Phillips Brooks. The English High
School was opened in May, 1821, to meet a want which was ex-
pressed in the report of a committee appointed to consider the
feasibility of establishing an English classical school. " The mode
of education now adopted," ran the report, ''and the branches of
knowledge that are taught at our English grammar schools, are
not sufficiently extensive, nor otherwise calculated to bring the
powers of the mind into operation, nor to qualifying a youth to
fill, usefully and respectably, many of those stations, both public
and private, in which he may be placed. A parent who wishes to
give a child an education that shall fit him for active life, and
shall serve as a foundation for eminence in his profession, whether
mercantile or mechanical, is under the necessity of giving him a
different education from any which our public schools can now
furnish. Hence, many children are separated from their parents
and sent to private academies in this vicinity to acquire that
instruction which can not be obtained at the public seminaries."
The school more than fulfilled the hopes of its projectors, and is
to-day one of the "model" schools of the United States.
The Girls* Latin and High School, formerly in its own building
at West Newton and Pembroke streets, now occupies new and
commodious quarters in the Back Bay. The Girls' High School
was established in 1855; in connection with the Normal School. In
1872 the two were separated. The Girls' Latin School was estab-
lished in 1878, to provide a training school for girls similar to that giv-en
the boys at the old Latin School. The building is well ventilated and
roomy, and every facility is afforded for thorough work in the different
102 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON.
departments. A
large collection of casts of sculpture and statuary,
the gifts of admiring friends, is among the treasures of the school,
and is of especial service to this institution, a large proportion of
whose pupils devote themselves to educational or professional work.
Among the Grammar Schools which are especially worthy of
notice are theDwight, the Everett, and the Prifice. The last
named was the first school-house in New England arranged on the
German and Austrian plan. By this plan the rooms on each floor are
placed on one side of a long corridor, instead of around a common
hall in the middle. Among the advantages claimed for this method
of construction are better ventilation, better light, and a more direct
connection between the corridors and street entrances.
The Horace Mann School for Deaf Mutes is on the east side of
Newbury Street, next to the South Congregational Church, which
stands at the corner of Exeter Street. It is in an attractive building
of face-brickand block free-stone facade, with a high-arched entrance-
way. The pupils are here taught to communicate by articulation
rather than by signs. They are also trained in Sloyd carving, in
drawing and penmanship, and other useful arts.
The Boston Normal School is in the third story of the Rice School
Building, on Dartmouth Street. It was established in the city of
Boston in 1852, by the city council, on the recommendation of the
school committee. It is interesting to note the ground on which this
action was based. In the language of a member of the school com-
mittee : The friends for further opportunities for the graduates of
'
'

our girls' grammar schools," fearing to revive an old controversy,

hesitated to move for a high school and, therefore, in the faith that
;

they should find no opposition to the preparation of female teachers,

established a normal school.
"It was found, however, that girls tresh from the grammar
schools were not fit candidates for normal training." So, in 1854, the
school committee, with the view of adapting the school to the double
purpose of giving its pupils high school and normal instruction,
caused " the introduction of a few additional branches of study, and
a slight alteration in the arrangement of the course," and called it
the Girls' High and Normal School. But the normal features were
soon quite overshadowed by the high school work.
To remedy this defect, a training department was organized in
1864, and located in Somerset Street but in 1870 this department
;
 "

EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS, LIBRARIES, ETC, 103

was transferred to the then new building, on West Newton Street,

occupied by the Girls' High and Normal School.
The school was continued under the double name of Girls' High
and Normal School till 1872. At this time the school committee,
finding that the normal element had again been crowded out by the
high school work, and that the school had almost lost its distinctively
professional character, " separated the two courses, and returned the
normal school to its original condition, as a separate school. Since
then work has been
its giving professional instruction to young
women who intend to become teachers in the public schools of Boston.
—
Boston University. This institution, for the liberal education of
both sexes, was incorporated in 1869 by Lee Claflin, Isaac Rich, and
Jacob Sleeper. Its headquarters are 688 Boylston St. It embraces
three colleges, three professional schools, and a post-graduate de-
partment of universal science. The College of Liberal Arts and the
School of All Sciences; are at 688 Boylston St. In Ashburton PL is
the Law School Building; 72 Mt. Vernon St. is the Theological School
(Methodist), and the School of Medicine, connected with the Massa-
chusetts Homoeopathic Hospital, is at the south end. The College of
Music was, in 1891, adopted by the New England Conservatory of
Music, and constitutes the graduate department of that institution.
The College of Agriculture was established in 1875 by an agreement
with the Massachusetts Agricultural College at Amherst. The
School of Law was the first in this country to present a three-years'
course of study. The School of Medicine was also the first to estab-
lish a four-years' course of instruction, and which, at the end of three-
year courses, confers the degree of Bachelor of Medicine or Bachelor
of Surgery. Most of the faculty of the School of Medicine are homoeo-
pathic in theory, but its statutes provide for the cooperation of any
incorported State medical society in the United States in the testing
and graduation of students. The School of All Sciences was organ-
ized in 1874, and it is open to graduates only. It is designed, first,
for the benefit of bachelors of arts, philosophy, or science, of whatso-
ever college, who may desire to receive post-graduate instruction;
and, secondly, to meet the wants pf graduates in law, theology, medi-
cine, or other professional courses, who may wish to supplement
their studies with higher education. It has about twelve hiindred
matriculated students, nearly one-third of whom are women.
104 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON,
Boston College, on Harrison Avenue, adjoining the Church of the
Immaculate Conception, was founded, in i860, by the Fathers of the
Society of Jesus, and it is conducted by that organization. It has power
to confer all degrees usually conferred by colleges, except medical. It
presents a long and thorough course of instruction, in which classical
studies occupy a prominent place. It enrolls about 400 students, and
has a corps of nineteen or twenty professors. The college buildings
are plain brick structures, covering quite a large area.

Simmons College for Women, on the Fenway near the Avenue

Louis Pasteur, makes a specialty of training women for vocations.
It has been in operation since 1902. It offers courses leading to the
degrees of Bachelor of Science and Master of Science in House-
hold Economics, library training, secretarial studies, social work
and general Science. There are about eight hundred students.

—
Harvard University. On October 28, 1636, the General Court of
Massachusetts Bay voted '
to give ^^400 towards a schoole or col-
'

ledge." This sum represented an amount equal to the whole years'

tax of the entire colony. In 1637 the college was ordered established
at Newton, and the name was changed to Cambridge. In this same
year Nathaniel Eaton was appointed master of the school, and under
his superintendence a small wooden house was built near the site of
the present Wadsworth House. It had about an acre of land around
it and some thirty apple trees. Eaton proved to be a harsh and
penurious manager, and the scholars rebelled at the bad food.
As a result, Eaton was discharged. In 1638, the institution received
the liberal bequest of about £^"^0, and also 260 books, from the Rev.
John Harvard, late of Emmanuel College, Cambridge, England, who
died at Charlestown in that year. The General Court, in memory of
the noble benefactor, gave the college his name. The college was
thus placed on a secure financial foundation, which has been
strengthened and maintained by good management and the gener-
osity of the alumni and other friends. Though connected with
Colonial and State governments, the university has been from the
first a private rather than a public institution, supported, in the main,

by the fees paid by its students and the income from gifts.
(105)
 ;;

106 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSION,

Harvard is not only the oldest, but one of the richest, of American
colleges. She possesses property worth $12,000,000; her roll of
graduates, living and dead, contains nearly 20,000 names and, in;

round numbers, her 3,000 students are taught by 300 professors

and instructors. Her list of eminent sons comprises the names of
John Adams, John Quincy Adams, W. E. Channing, Edward Ever-
ett, W. H. Prescott, George Bancroft, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Oliver
Wendell Holmes, Charles Sumner, John Lothrop Motley, James
Russell Lowell, E. E. Hale, and Henry D. Thoreau.
In Cambridge, Harvard has the college, the graduate school, the
Divinity school, the Lawrence scientific school, and the law school
in Boston proper are the dental school, the medical school, and the
school of veterinary medicine and in Jamaica Plain are the Bussey
;

Institution and the Arnold Arboretum. Each of these departments

is endowed with its own funds, and independent of all others, except

that all are under one management. The scientific departments

include theastronomical observatory, laboratories of chemistry,
physics, natural history, psychology, and physiology museums of
;

comparative zoology, botany, geology, mineralogy, and archaeology

botanic gardens, and herbaria. The university museum has four
acres of floor space, and the collections of the museum of compara*
tive zoology alone cost $350,000.
The College Yard is entered by a gateway built of granite, brick,
sandstone, and iron. It was erected with funds left by Mr. Samuel
Johnson of the class of 1855. On its panels are carved the shields of
the State, city, and college, an emblem to the donor and the nation,
and quotations from the early college history and Colonial records.
The Yard contains about twenty-two acres, and nearly all the avail-
able space is occupied by the buildings necessary to an institution of
such magnitude. Massachusetts Hall is the most ancient structure
about the Yard; it was built in 1720. Harvard Hall dates from
1766. Then, there are University Hall, Gore containing the
University Library; the Boylston Chemical Laboratory Sever Hall,
,

Ho Iden Chapel, Apple ton Chapel, Mathews Hall, Grays Hall,

Weld Hall, etc., all in the Yard.
To the northward the university has encroached on the old play-
grounds. Holmes and Jarvis fields, and is rapidly spreading all over
that part of Cambridge, with its vast group of halls, laboratories,
museums, gymnasiums, and professional schools, its botanical gardens
(107)
108 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON,
and observatory, forming a small city in themselves. Some of the
recently erected dormitories are fine specimens of architecture, and
deserve special notice. Among these are Thayer Hall, containing
sixty-eight suites of rooms, built in 1870, at a cost of $115,000, by
Nathaniel Thayer, of a wealthy Boston family, in memory of his
same name, and of his brother, John Eliot
father, a minister of the
Thayer; Grays Hall, erected in 1863, commemorating the generous
gifts of the well-known Gray family of Boston Mathews Hall, a
;

Gothic brick building, erected in 1870, containing sixty suites of rooms,

and Hastings Hall, one of the finest of the college dormitories, built
in 1890, costing $243,000, the bequest of Walter Hastings.
Memorial Hall, architecturally the most imposing of the univer-
sity buildings, was erected by the alumni, in 1870-77, as a memorial
to the Harvard men who died in the Civil War. The building is of
brick and sandstone, 310 feet long and 115 feet wide. The central
division is the solemn Memorial Transept, lined with marble tablets,
set in black walnut screens, bearing the names of the fallen heroes, and
the places and times of their deaths. The transept is 1 1 5 feet long and
58 feet high to the handsome vaulted roof. Over this transept a
sturdy tower rises to the height of 200 feet, and forms a conspicuous
landmark. The huge Gothic dining-hall, seating 1,000 students,
opens from the transept. It is 164 feet long, 60 feet wide, and 80 feet
high to its timber roof, with galleries at either end, and at the
west end an immense stained-glass window, with the arms of the
Republic, the State, and the university. The walls are adorned with
fine old portraits and busts, the works of Copley, Stuart, Trumbull,
Hunt, Harding, Powers, Crawford, Story, Greenough, and other
eminent artists. Directly opposite this hall, on the right of the
transept, is the entrance to Sanders' Theater, a semi-circular hall,
with graded seats, accommodating 1,500 persons. This is where
class-day and graduation exercises are held. The story of the found-
ing of Harvard College is told in the Latin inscriptions over the stage.
The wall back of the stage is ornamented with the college seal, three
books bearing the word Veritas'' (truth). Josiah Quincy, a statue
of whom in marble, by Story, stands near the stage, was the sixteenth
president of the college. He was born in Boston in 1772, of a famous
family, which gave its name tc John Quincy Adams and to the town
of Quincy, and represented by the same old-fashioned baptis-
is still

mal name. He was for eight years in Congress, for six years mayor
 EDUCA TIONAL INSTITUTIONS, LIBRARIES, ETC, 109

of Boston — —
known as the "Great Mayor" and for sixteen years
president of Harvard, and died in 1864, at the age of 93.
The statue of John Harvard, which stands on "The Delta," was
designed by Daniel G. French of Concord. It was given to the univer-
sity by Samuel J. Bridge. There
no likeness of John Harvard in
is
existence; but this statue, representing a young Puritan scholar, is em-
blematic of the courage and manhood of the founders of New England.
Libraries. — In addition to the various society libraries, the uni-
versity has twenty -nine minor
libraries connected with the various
departments, containing nearly 100,000 volumes, while the Univer-
sity Library has over 350,000 volumes and 300,000 pamphlets. There
are but two libraries in America larger than this one, the Public
Library of Boston and the Congressional Library.
The Fogg Museum is the University's art-museum, housed in
a handsome little building opposite Memorial Hall, open to the
public, and of considerable interest.
The Annex is on the southeast corner of Garden and Mason
streets. The main building is known as Fay House. This is the
institution of the " Society for the Collegiate Instruction of Women,"
established in 1879 by Mr. Arthur Gilman. It has for its object the
obtaining for women the best instruction given in Harvard. At the
opening of the Annex there were twenty-seven women instructed by
Harvard professors, forty of whom offered their services. The stu-
dents come from all parts of the country from the Pacific coast and
;

Sandwich Islands. They board in the various Cambridge homes,

and recite at Fay House. The entrance examinations are the same
as those at Harvard, and the certificates given to the graduates state
that the holders have performed the work required by Harvard
College for its B. A. degree. The certificates are awarded upon the
recommendations of an academic board, composed almost exclusively
of Harvard professors. Fay House contains recitation rooms, a
reference library, and the botanical laboratory. In other buildings
are laboratories of chemistry, physics, and biology. The collections
of the college library and museums are open to the students, and
opportunities for study in the Botanic Garden and Herbarium and
the Astronomical Observatory are afforded.

Departments of Harvard Outside of Cambridg'e.

The Bussey Institution is a school of agriculture, horticulture,
and veterinary science. Its grounds and buildings are in the
110 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON.
Jamaica Plain District of the city, near Forest Hills Station of the
Providence division of the New York, New Haven & Hartford
Railroad. They occupy a part of the noble estate bequeathed to
the university by Benjamin Bussey, who also left funds in trust for
the school. The Institute was opened in 1870. The building is a
tasteful structure, in the Victoria Gothic architecture, of Roxbury pud-
ding-stone, 112 feet long and 73 feet wide. (See Arnold Arboretum,
Chapter HI.)
The Harvard Dental School is located on North Grove Street, in
a building formerly occupied by the Harvard Medical School.
The Harvard Medical School occupies the magnificent group of
new buildings on Longwood Avenue, Fenway. This school was
established at Cambridge, in the old Holden Chapel, in 1783. It was
removed to Boston in 18 10. The new buildings of the Harvard
Medical School are among the largest and most imposing structures
devoted to such purposes in the country, and the group forms one of
the most interesting of the city's objects of interest. The interior is
admirably arranged. The spacious class-rooms, lecture-rooms and
laboratories are thoroughly equipped. A special feature is the
Museum of Comparative Anatomy, founded in 1846. The original
collection of this museum was given by Dr. John Collins Warren,
professor of anatomy and surgery in the school from 181 5 to 1847.
The full course at this school is four years, but on the completion
of three years' study, and satisfactory examinations, the degree of
Doctor of Medicine is conferred. The school numbers about 500
students, and has a corps of seventy-five professors, instructors, and
assistants. The standard of this school is one of the highest in the
country.
The School of Veterinary Medicine is on Village and Locust
streets.Besides the school building, there is a hospital, and at the
Bussey Farm there are pastures and buildings pertaining to the
school.

Other Institutions.

The Massachusetts Institute of Technology.— This, the leading

technical school in this country, located on Boylston Street, between
is
Berkeley and Clarendon. It was founded in j86i, and its develop-
ment has been broad and rapid. Its prominent feature is the
 EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS, LIBRARIES, ETC. HI
School of Industrial Science, devoted to the teaching of science as
applied to the various engineering professions —
civil, mechanical,
mining, electrical, chemical, and sanitary engineering as well as —
to architecture, chemistry, metallurgy, physics, and geology.
Courses of a less technical nal'iire, designed as a preparation for
business calimgs, and in biology, preparatory to the professional
study of medicine, are also given; and the Lowell School of Prac-
tical Design is maintained by the corporation. The main building
of the Institute of Technology, known as the Rogers Building,
is the oldest and most attractive of the buildings, and contains
over fifty rooms, most of them being laboratories or lecture -rooms.
This building was named in honor of Prof. William B. Rogers,
the first president, and one of the founders of the school. Here
are the principal offices of the school. The Walker Building,
next beyond, toward Clarendon Street, erected in 1884, is devoted,
mainly, to the departments of physics, chemistry, and electricity.
Other buildings are the Architectural Building and the Engi-
neering Building, on Trinity Place; the Workshops, on Garrison
Street, with a section devoted to the Lowell School of Design,
and the Gy7nnasitc7n and Drill Hall on Exeter Street.
The Massachusetts College of Pharmacy. The College of —
Pharmacy is on the corner of St. Botolph and Garrison streets. It
was instituted in 1823 and chartered in 1852. Women are admitted
to this institution on the same conditions as men. Graduates receive
the degree of Ph. G. The college building was erected in 1866, and
is well arranged, with large lecture halls and laboratories, cabinets of

botanical and chemical drugs, and a great herbarium. The Shepard

Library is a valuable collection of pharmaceutical, chemical, and
botanical works, the nucleus of which was the gift of Dr. A. B.
Shepard. The college is under the direction of a board of trustees,
and has ten professors and instructors.
it

The Perkins Institution and Massachusetts School for the Blind

is on East Broadway, South Boston. It is a semi-public institution,
organized, in 183 1, by the late Dr. Samuel G. Howe. Beginning with
six blind children as the nucleus of the school, Doctor Howe continued
as its director until his death, in 1877. Much of the success of the
school is ascribed to his devotion to it, and
eminent fitness for the
his
work. He was succeeded by his son-in-law, Dr. Michael Anagnos,
who was for many years his faithful co-worker, and who established
the kindergarten in the West Roxbury District (corner of Perkins and
 EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS, LIBRARIES, ETC, 113

Day streets). The pupils use, in reading, the system of raised letters
invented by Doctor Howe. The library, containing ii,ooo volumes -in
raised type, is the largest general library for the blind in the world.
The asylum also possesses an interesting museum and a complete gym-
nasium. The institution is partly self-supporting, such of the pupils
as are able to pay maintaining themselves at a boarding-school. All
the pupils are taught some useful trade or profession. Several of the
States pay for a large number of beneficiaries. In the arrangement
of the establishment the family system is followed, and the girls
occupy dwelling-houses by themselves, the sexes being "separated.
It is named the Perkins Institution, in honor of Col. Thomas W.
Perkins, a Bostonian in his day distinguished for good deeds, and
one of the most generous benefactors of the institution.
The Normal Art School is on the southeast corner of Exeter and
Newbury streets. This school is well equipped in every way.
The New England Conservatory of Music, George W. Chadwick,
Musical Director, is now occupying its new building on Huntington
Avenue, one block west of Symphony Hall. This building, which is
devoted entirely to educational purposes, was constructed especially
to meet the needs of this school, and contains seventy class rooms,
two auditoriums, offices, library, and music store. The larger audi-
torium, with the great organ it contains, is the gift of Mr. Eben D.
Jordan. The Conservatory provides the most thorough instruction
in all departments of music, also in pianoforte and organ tuning,
literature and expression, and modern languages. The organ school
is especially complete in its equipment, and offers opportunities for

the study of this instrument that can not be procured in any other
school in the world, twelve pipe organs (in addition to the large organ
in Jordan Hall) having been provided for the use of the pupils. The
vocal school has also been greatly enlarged, and now includes a
finely appointed school of opera, under the direction of a conductor
of wide reputation.
The Conservatory residences, on Hemenway Street, opposite
Gainsborough, offer an attractive modern home for more than two
hundred young women students. ,

The Conservatory, which is under the control of a board of trus-

tees, has about eighty teachers, and the number of pupils in daily
attendance is about thirteen hundred.
The Protestant Episcopal Theological School in Cambridge was
founded, in 1867, on an endowment from Benjamin T. Reed of Boston.
114 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON,

It has eight professors and one instructor, and the number of students
averages about forty. The stone buildings form a noble and harmo-
nious group, including Lawrence Hall and Winthrop Hall, the dormi-
tories. Reed Hall, a cloistered Gothic building, named after the
founder, and which contains the library and lecture-rooms; and St.
John's Memorial Chapel, built in 1869 by Robert Means Mason of
Boston, as a memorial of his wife and brother, the Rev. Charles
Mason, D. D. The chapel is a beautiful cruciform edifice of Roxbury
granite and free-stone. Burnham Hall, behind the chapel, built in
1879 the late John A. Burnham, contains a dining-room to accom-
modate over 100 students. Rev. George Zabriskie Gray, D. D.,
and Rev. Elisha Mulford, D. D., author of "The Nation" and
" The Republic of God," w^ere connected with this institution before
their deaths. The library of Harvard University is open to mem-
bers of the school.
Boston Ecclesiastical Seminary occupies a beautiful
St. John's
estate on Street, in the Brighton District. This is a Roman
Lake
Catholic institution, founded in 1880. It numbers ten professors and
instructors and over 100 pupils.
Wellesley College is situated in the beautiful village of Wellesley,
about fifteen miles from Boston, on Lake Waban. It has the largest
and handsomest building in the world devoted exclusively to the
higher education of women. The grounds comprise over 300 acres
and are very beautiful.
—
Private Schools. Besides the schools mentioned in the foregoing
pages, Boston numbers about 100 private schools, which will compare
favorably with those of any city in the country. About 5 ,000 pupils
receive instruction in free denominational schools, which are chiefly
Roman Catholic institutions.

Libraries.

The public and private libraries of Boston are in keeping with her
other educational institutions. To her belongs the glory of possess-
ing the largest public library for free circulation in the world, and
this library is housed in the most magnificent public building in the
country. Her many special libraries — law, medical, scientific, mu-
sical, and art — are superior to similar collections in other cities;
and the library of Harvard University, which has been mentioned
(115)
116 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON,
elsevhere in this chapter, stands at the head of the great college
United States.
libr^ri^s in the

The Boston Public Library, on Dartmouth and Boylston streets,

facing Copley Square, was first opened to the public with a nucleus
of less than 10,000 books. It occupied quarters on Mason Street, and
in 1858, moved into a building of its own on Boylston Street, opposite
the Common. In February, 1895, it was moved to the new Public
—
Library Building "Built by the people and dedicated to the
advancement of learning."

By successive annexation to the territory of the city, the libraries

of the several cities and towns annexed have become branches of
the Public Library, and are carried on as such. It has also received
many bequests in money and books. The total number of volumes
in the library is nearly 1,000,000. The library contains several
special collections which add to the reputation of the institu-
tion, and make it a Mecca for scholars throughout the country.
At present, these special libraries are eleven in number. The
Patent Collection numbers nearly 5,000 volumes, and is open to
indefinite growth. The Bowditch Mathematical Library, of nearly
6,000 volumes, is enlarged by the yearly income of a fund of $10,000.
The Parker Library, of 14,000 volumes, was left by Theodore Parker,
with the provision that they should be made as accessible as possible.
The Prince Library, of about 3,000 volumes, is the most significant, if
not the largest or most valuable, of all public collections of Americana
in existence. The Barton Library, of nearly 14,000 volumes, contains
many fine specimens of book-work and binding, as well as a remark-
able Shakesperian collection. The Thayer Library, of more than
5,000 volumes, is interesting for its portraits and plates of historical
and literary importance. The Franklin Library, of 500 volumes, was
formed in memory of the great Bostonian, and is aided in part by the
income of a gift from Dr. Samuel A. Green, who conceived the idea
of making this memorial. The 600 choice volumes from the library
of the late John A. Lewis are devoted to early and rare Americana.
The Ticknor Library, of 6,000 volumes, is one of the finest collections
of Spanish and Portuguese literature outside of Spain. The late
George Ticknor left $4,000, the income of which is devoted to keep-
ing up the high reputation of this collection. The trustees have
recently been notified that they are to receive, in trust, the library left
to the town of Quincy more than seventy years ago by John Adams,
EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS, LIBRARIES, ETC, 117

second president of the United States. Another recent gift is that

of the Hon. Mellen Chamberlain, Hbrarian of the Public Library from
1878 to 1890, who gives a remarkable collection of autographs and
manuscripts. Close upon these last mentioned additions, another
valuable contribution to the library's treasures comes in the shape of
a collection of musical works, numbering 7,000 volumes, by Mr. Allen
A. Brown.
—
Public Library Building. The building in which this magnifi-
cent library is housed is one of the few public buildings in America
which may be said to be worthy of its purpose. It is deserving of
note that neither individual benificence nor State or national aid
have contributed to its erection. It has been built, and has been
adorned, by the city of Boston for her citizens, who, from the Back
Bay millionaire down to the humblest among them, will be entitled
to enjoy its treasures of art and literature. It is not surprising,
therefore, to find this Library taking the leading place on the list
of the sights of Boston. In the Italian Rennaissance style of archi-
tecture, it is quadrangular in shape and surrounds a court. With its
platform, it covers, exclusive of the court, an acre and a half of
ground. Its walls are of Milford granite, which has a faint pink tinge,
and the roof is of brown Spanish tiles. The chief characteristics of
the building are its simplicity and the accenting of the horizontal
lines of composition. The front consists of a strongly marked first
story supporting an arcaded second story, which is surmounted by a
massive and projecting cornice, the whole unbroken for 225 feet. The
whole structure rests on a low platform, approached by wide
encircling steps, which lifts the library above the level of Copley
Square. Above the main entrance, and under the three central
windows, are carved medallions bearing the seals of the State, the
city, and the library. The three arches of the main portal admit us
to a vestibule with Tennessee marble walls and inlaid pavement.
The three great doorways open into the entrance hall. The main
feature of this hall is the lofty arched ceiling of marble mosaics of
white and delicate brown tesserae. The designs are of Rennaissance
scrolls surrounding tablets, upon which are wrought the names of
prominent Americans who have in some way been identified with
Boston. The list contains Garrison, Phillips, Sumner, and Mann ;

Gray, Bowditch, Agassiz, and Rumford Stuart, Copley, AUston, and

;

Bulfinch ;
Motley, Prescott, and Bancroft Story, Shaw, Webster
;
118 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON,
and Choate Eliot and Mather, Channing and Parker Longfellow.
; ;

Hawthorne, Peirce, Adams, Emerson, and Franklin. The floor of

this hall is in white and Breccia marbles, inlaid with brass. At the
foot of the stairway the design in the inlay is a laurel wreath sur-
rounding the names of the benefactors of the library Bates, —
Everett, Quincy, Bigelow, Vattemare, Jewett, and Winthrop.
Opposite the entrance rises a monumental staircase, the steps of
Echaillon marble, and the sides of richly colored Siena marble in
large sheets. At the wide landing, guarding the stairs on either side,
are the couchant marble lions, by St. Gaudens. These were the
gifts of the 2d and Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry, in
20th
memory of their comrades who fell in the Civil War. At the landing
double oak doors open upon a balcony which overlooks the interior
court. From the landing the staircase branches into two stately flights
that end upon a columned gallery, which at either end is continued
into lobbies. That on the right leads to the waiting-room; that on the
left to the room for relics. The gallery also opens directly into Bates
Hall, the great general reading-room, which stretches across the
whole front of the building, and is lighted by its main range of
windows. This noble room, 217 feet in length, 42 feet in breadth,
and 50 feet to the crown of its barrel-vaulted ceiling, containing half
a million books, speaks eloquently of the multitude of readers the
librar}^ serves. The adjoining room is reserved for young readers.
The central court is inclosed by the four wings of the building,
and entered through the Boylston Street portal. It is encircled on
is

three sides by graceful columnar arcades of marble, above which

rise walls of yellowish brick, warm and rich in tone. The calm, pure
beauty of its shadowy arcades, the nobility of its solid upper walls,
and its air of cloistered seclusion, make it one of the most impressive
features of the building. Seats are provided beneath its arcades and
under protecting awnings, and during the warm months of the year
it makes an ideal place for study.
''Its projectorsknew," says a recent writer, "that architectural
beauty can not be completed without the help of the sister arts; that
a worthy house for Boston's books could not be built unless painter
and sculptor should give the architect their aid. But they also knew
that the building's mission was to spread and encourage knowledge *

they felt that an intimate acquaintance with beauty is one of the

most precious and fructifying kinds of knowledge and, realizing that
;
 —

EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS, LIBRA R lES, ETC, 119

this, in most of its branches, can not be acquired from books, they
determined to reinforce the voice of books with the voice of art
itself."

Decorations. — It will be long before the work of decorating Bos-

ton's library is complete but a great beginning has been made
;

the bronze doors by French, the colossal stairway decorations by

Puvis de Chavannes, and an ornamental fountain, not to mention
the large areas of wall and ceiling ultimately to be decorated by the
leading painters of America
The decorations by Puvis de Chavannes, representing the Muses
greeting the Genius of Enlightenment, now occupy the panels that
encircle the wall of the grand staircase, somewhat above the level
of the second floor, from whose gallery they are best viewed.
The picture is divided into five high arches. In the center of the
lower part a panel is interrupted by the frame of a door; but the
artist has skillfully adapted his design to these formal conditions.
His foreground consists of the turfy summit of a cliff, beyond
which the eye perceives the open sea. Interspersed here and
there in the greensward are heather and oak plants, while the
crest of the cliff is bordered with a transparent curtain of young
trees, the light contours of which stand clearly out upon the cerulean
mass of the ocean.
In the center of the composition a naked youth, representing the
Genius of Enlightenment, with extended wings, rests upon clouds,
his outstretched hands holding rays of light. To the right and left
the yellowish white sky, studded with opaline gleams, dominates the
deep blue sea. In the distant horizon, projecting their noble forms
upon the pale gold sky, the Nine Muses, chastely draped, rise from
both sides of the grassy turf, tuning their lyres and offering palms to
the Genius. Some of the Muses take their flight from the soil; others
float upon the azure with a graceful unrestraint, like divine butter-
flies, their white draperies loosely adjusted. One of these Muses, at
the left, is exquisite. Raising gently the long veil that covered her
sleeping head, she awakes, and mounts straight in the heavens, as
though impelled by an unknown force.
The door-frame occupies the center of the turf, and at each side
is an allegorical figure, two statues representing Contemplation and

Study, who mount guard at both sides of the door and form a natural
120 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON,
transition between the ideal landscape and the reality. The first
figure meditative and thoughtful; the other fixes her regard upon
is

a book that she holds upon her knees.

Edwin A. Abbey's frieze for the delivery room is magnificent.
The subject of these pictorial presentations \s>''Tke Qttest of the
Holy Grail.''

1. The first represents the appearance of the Grail to the

infant Galahad, who has been left, after the death of his mother,

a descendant of Joseph of Arimathea, in a secluded convent to be

brought up by the nuns. The holy maid, who holds the babe
aloft in her arms, feels the presence of the vision, but she does not
see it. The angel bearing the Grail floats upon widespread wings in
celestial white.
2. The second picture shows the young Galahad, in his red
robe, kneeling in the convent chapel at the close of the all-night
vigil which he is required to keep before starting out on his

adventures. Perceval and Bors kneel behind Galahad, fastening

his spurs. They are dressed in chain-armor, with low-pointed
helmets.
3. The third painting represents the Round Table of King
Arthur. The vast circular hall, blazing with light, is filled with
knights, each in his appointed seat, and all holding up the hilts of
their swords, as swear to some great vow. The king stands,
if to
dressed in royal purple and gold, under a rich baldachin, with
grotesque Celtic heads carved upon it, and pillars of mosaicked
marble, like those in the churches of Salerno and Ravello. One
seat alone is vacant, the chair of destiny, in which whoever sits
must lose himself. An aged man enters, leading Galahad, whom
he proclaims as the hero who shall achieve the adv^entures of the
Holy Grail.
In the fourth painting we see knights, composing the host
4.
of the Grail, under the leadership of Galahad, assembled in the
cathedral to receive the episcopal benediction before setting out
on their wanderings.
5. The fifth and last completed painting in the series repre-
sents the castle of Amfortas, the Fisher King of the legend, who
has been wounded centuries ago for his failure to keep the law of
purity, which is binding on the Guardian of the Holy Grail.
Under an enchantment, he and his court are sustained by a
(121)
122 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON.
shadowy life, while the procession of the Grail passes nightly

before their eyes. They can not be released by death until the
unstained hero comes into the castle, and, by asking the meaning
of the Holy Grail, breaks the spell. Galahad has arrived at the
Court of the Wounded King, and is surrounded by its unearthly
inhabitants. Amfortas lies in the center upon his couch, which is
an ancient Celtic coffin, with a bear's skin thrown over it. His
eyes are fixed on the procession of the Grail, which passes before
him. Galahad stands absorbed in the wonder of the vision, but
fails to ask the question by which alone the spell can be dis-
solved, and the quest of the Grail be achieved.

John S. Sargent's decorations depict the ''Religions of the

Worldy The work occupies all the available space in the large,
lofty, and narrow hall, with a barrel-vaulted ceiling, at the top of
the building. His latest. work is *'The Redemption."

The initial decorations have for their theme the confusion

which fell upon the children of Israel when they turned from the
worship of Jehovah to that of the false gods of heathen nations.
The composition in the lunette represents the children of Israel
beneath the yoke of their oppressors, into whose hands the Lord
had delivered them. On the left stands the Egyptian, Pharaoh; on
the right the Assyrian king, both monarchs with arms uplifted
to strike with scourge and sword. The Israelites, naked in their
slavery, bow in submission; their central figure lifts his arms in
prayer for deliverance, and behind the yoke a multitude of sup-
plicating hands are raised in imploration to the Lord, to whom
his repentant people are making burnt-offering upon the altar. He
has heard their prayer; flaming seraphim fly before the face of the
Lord, and supply a superb decorative motive with the crimson of
their wings, which alone symbolize their presence. His face is
invisible, but His mighty arms reach down from the cloud and
stay the hands of the oppressors. Behind the Assyrian king
stands a protecting genius, with the body of a man and the head
of a vulture, holding in one hand a bow, and in the other two
arrows. Beside this figure is the Assyrian lion, with two ravens
attacking a prostrate corpse. The things symbolize the Assyrian
cultus. ^ Among the deities attending the Egyptian monarch is one
with a lion's head and wings of black and gold. Prostrate victims
 EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS, LIBRARIES, ETC, 123

beneath the feet of both Assyrians and Egyptians represent the

other nations that were oppressed by them. The Assyrian ravens
are balanced on the Egyptian side by vultures preying upon the dead.
In the ceiling are represented the pagan deities, the strange gods
whom the children of Israel went after when they turned from
Jehovah. Underlying all the figures that populate the ceiling is the
gigantic, dark, and shadowy form of the great goddess, Neith, the
mother of the universe, the goddess whose temple at Sais, in Lower
Egypt, was once the center of wisdom for Greece. The feet of Neith
touch the cornice on one side, her uplifted hands that of the other,
and her overarching figure constitutes the firmament, whose stars are
seen through the ring of the zodiac, which forms a collar for the goddess.
The third great division of the work is the frieze of the Prophets.
This symbolizes the foundation of the religion of Israel upon the
structure of the law. Moses is the central figure, and, in his priestly
robes and symbols, is treated conventionally to typify the authority
upon which the faith is based. Moses, with the tablets of the Com-
mandments, is modeled in strong relief the other Prophets are
;

painted on a plane surface On the right of Moses stands Daniel on the

. ;

left, Joshua. The other Prophets, in their order from left to right, are
Zephaniah, Joel, Obadiah, Hosea, Amos, Nahum, Ezekiel, Jeremiah,
Jonah, Isaiah, Habakkuk, Micah, Haggai, Malachi, and Zachariah.

Other Libraries.
The Boston Athenaeum Building is on Beacon Street, between
Tremont and Park streets, and is a freestone structure in the later
Italian style of architecture, which was built over fifty years ago.
The Athenaeum originated in a literary club, formed among a set of
young men, in 1804, called the Anthology Club, which, for awhile,
edited and published a magazine called the Monthly Anthology. In
1806 they established a reading-room, and a year later obtained an act
of incorporation under the present title. For some years the club sus-
tained a library, a museum of natural history, and an art gallery.
But the founding of other societies devoted to these different objects,
led the Athenaeum to transfer to them its various collections, retain-
ing only its valuable library and a few pictures, busts, and statues
for decoration. Here will be found a delightful reading-room, and,
while the right to use it is confined to the shareholders and their fam-
ilies, great liberality is shown to scholars and strangers, who are
124 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON.
always welcomed with courtesy. The library contains nearly
200,000 volumes, many valuable and rare. One of its most inter-
esting collections is the library of George Washington, purchased
in 1848.
The Boston Medical Library Association occupies the house at
No. 19 Boylston Place. Here are reading rooms, a hall for the meet-
ings of the leading medical societies of the city, and the library of
nearly 20,000 volumes and 12,000 pamphlets. This library receives
regularly over 300 periodicals.
The Congregational Library to be found in the Congregational
House, No. 14 Beacon Street, erected in 1898. This is a beautiful
and commodious building forming the headquarters of the Congrega-
tional Church in the United States, and including the offices of
various benevolent societies, of The Congregationalist, and of the
American Board of Foreign Missions. The Library contains over
40,000 books besides 75,000 pamphlets, etc.
The General Theological Library, No. 53 Mount Vernon Street,
contains 15,000 volumes, generally of a theological or religious char-
acter. There is a fine reading room in connection with it.
The Library of the Massachusetts Historical Society is housed
in the society's new erected in 1898, at the corner of
building,
Boylston Street and the Fenway. This library contains nearly
40,000 books, 100,000 pamphlets, and 750 bound volumes of manu-
scripts, besides several thousand single manuscripts. Among the
treasures of the library is the Dowse collection of Americana,
bequeathed to the society by the late Thomas Dowse of Cambridge.
Here, also, is to be found the largest collection in the country of
books relating to the Civil War. Among the valuable manuscripts
are the letters and papers of Timothy Pickering, Gen. William Heath,
the Trumbull and Belknap papers, manuscripts relating to the French
in Canada, and two volumes of John Winthrop's Journal.
The Library of the New England Historic-Genealogical Society
contains about 25,000 volumes and 70,000 pamphlets. It is located in
the rooms of the society, at 18 Somerset Street, just below Ashburton
Place. The library and archives of the society are freely open to the
public, and are much utilized by persons hunting up their genealogies.
The Natural History Museum Library, in the building of the
Boston Natural History Society, Boylston Street, corner of Berkeley
contains over 20,000 volumes.
126 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON.
The State Library of Massachusetts occupies quarters in the
State House. composed largely of volumes of statutes of the
It is
different States, Territories, and the United States, the acts of the
British Parliament, and the French Archives Parlimentaires; and it
also contains valuable legal documents, law reports, works on politi-
cal economy, education, and social science. The number of volumes
is over 10,000. The library is open daily for the use of the Governor
and other officers of the State, members of the Legislature, and the
general public, under certain conditions. All persons may use it

for consultation or reference. Its conduct is under the direction of a

board of trustees.
The Social Law Library is in the court house, on Pemberton
Square. It was incorporated in 18 14, and contains 20,000 law books.
The library is open, under certain conditions, to members of the bar
and other professional men.

The Museum of Fine Arts.

—
Boston's priceless collection of art treasures one of the largest
and —
finest extant is now housed in one of the most magnificent
buildings of its kind in the world. The ornate structure in Copley
Square, for many years one of the chief architectural landmarks
of the city, long ago became too small to accommodate either its
exhibits or its visitors, and the trustees of the Museum of Fine Arts,
after three years of careful study in this and foreign countries, de-
cided to erect the new home of the Museum on Huntington avenue,
in the Fenway district, recently occupied.
Its location, in the "educational section" of the city, is appro-
priate, and its appearance is imposing. For the site, alone cover-
ing nearly 12 acres, $736,000 was paid. The building is of Maine
granite of warm gray tone, and may be described as a central two-
story block, 320 by 120 feet, pierced by two glazed courts 48 by 88
feet, and provided with advancing wings enclosing a forecourt no
by 232 feet. The frontage on Huntington avenue is 501 feet, and
on Huntington Entrance 240 feet.
The salient features of this "popularized, fatigueless museum,"
have been described by an expert as follows: is the
"First, there
unity of the entire plan, so that the separate parts, including the
outlying structures, are functionally related to each other and to a
 EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS, LIBRARIES, ETC. 127

—
central architectural point the rotunda on the main upper floor at
the head of the staircase leading from the main entrance. Second,
each department is a museum complete within itself. Its exhibits
may be seen without the necessity of entering or passing through any
other department. Third, the collections of each department are
divided into ^exhibition series' and *study series,* the former
consisting of objects shown under conditions as favorable as possi-
ble to their display in the galleries of the main floor, the latter of
objects maintained primarily for the benefit of students and investi-
gators on the floor beneath, under conditions analogous to those of
the maintenance of books in a library.'
At the main entrance and on the ends of the projecting pavilions,
are Ionic columns, harmonizing in general taste with the notable
architecture of this splendid district. Everything conducing to the
comfort and convenience of visitors and students that could
be thought of have been introduced. Illustrated handbooks are at
the disposal of the public, as well as the services of a trained
decent. There are Saturday classes for school teachers and **free
days" for the general public.
It is confidently expected that the new building will create in
Boston a center of popular and professional interest in the fine
arts to be matched nowhere else in the world.
The Museum of Fine Arts was founded in 1870, and was opened
in the building of the Boston Athenaeum. It has grown, in about
thirty years, to be one of the great museums of the world. In the
department of Eastern art, and especially Japanese art, it is very
strong. In this department and in the department of prints, it has
no rival in this country outside of New York. The collection of
pictures in oil and water colors contains many productions of the
early American and some of the modern European schools.
The Institution has been entirely supported by the generosity
of its and by private subscriptions. The nucleus of the
friends,
collectionwas formerly the property of the Athenaeum, and consisted
of paintings and casts, and a few gifts from citizens. When the
museum was opened, the collection of casts was increased by a
number purchased with the proceeds of a sale of pictures, be-
queathed by Charles Sumner, and by other gifts.
 VII.

CHURCHES AND RELIGIOUS AND

BENEVOLENT WORK.
Sunday in Boston. — The Puritan Sunday is a matter of history,
which as hard for the present generation to understand as
it is

the religious persecution which darkens the early annals of this

fair town. "We may turn from the old laws, which forbade any
work " except for necessity or charity," to a Sunday edition of
one of the great daily newspapers, and read that one of Boston's
prominent clergymen will hold a special service of morning
prayer for the benefit of those persons who wish to spend the
remainder of the day in the enjoyment of out-door life and recre-
ation. It is not that Boston has grown to be a wicked city; quite
the reverse. It only proves that her intellectual and. spiritual
development have, like her material growth, been upon broad
and humanitarian lines; and that the mental, moral, and physical
needs of individuals are considered together. It is certainly more
Christlike to send the weary toiler from the shop or factory for a
run on the bicycle through the green fields, for a sail on the blue
waters of the bay, or for a stroll with wife and children through
the beautiful parks, than to confine him in the house from sundown
Saturday night until Monday morning, with no change except to the
hard seats of the meeting-house, and the long, doctrinal sermons
of the early fathers. And so, while the day is generally observed,
and the many churches are well attended, healthful
services of the
recreation not only permitted, but provided, by the city govern-
is
ment. The means and principal places of worship will be de-
scribed below; in addition to them, irregular services may be found
advertised in the newspapers, where, also, the hours of meeting
and the subject of the next day's sermons are announced for
many of the leading churches. The Museum of Fine Arts and the
(128)
 CHURCHES, 139

Public Library are open during the usual hours. Most, if not all,
of the excursion boats which, in summer, ply between Boston and
the seaside resorts, make their ordinary trips, and these places are
more crowded upon this than upon any other day of the week.
The parks offer unrivaled facilities for quiet enjoyment, and are
easily reached by electric cars from different parts of the city.
All places for the sale of liquor are closed by law during the
twenty-four hours from midnight of Saturday to midnight of Sun-
day, and business generally is suspended.

Protestant Churches.
Every denomination of Christians is represented in Boston. There
are nearly 300 places of worship in the city, and in all of them
strangers are welcome, and are cheerfully provided with seats,
so long as there are any vacant. Services in the Protestant churches
begin in the morning, generally at 10.30 and in the evening at 7.30.
;

The Roman Catholic churches celebrate high mass and vespers at

about the same hour. Nothing is implied in the order in which the
denominations are mentioned herein, except that it seems suitable to
begin with the oldest.
The Congregational Unitarian denomination has the honor of
possessing the oldest Protestant organization in Boston. The First
Church of Boston was organized by John Winthrop, Thomas Dud-
ley, and other leaders of the Colonists, in Charlestown, under a great
oak, in the summer of 1630. It was given the name of the "First
Church of Christ in Boston," when they moved over to the neighbor-
ing peninsula. The first meeting-house, with mud walls and thatched
roof, stood on the south side of State Street, about where Brazer'o
Building now stands. The present edifice, on the corner of Berkeley
and Marlborough streets, is the fourth building occupied by this
society. It is a highly ornamented stone building, with a rich and
tasteful interior. It seats about 1,000 persons. John Wilson was
the first minister of the church, and John Cotton the second. It
became Unitarian toward the close of the long service of Charles
Chauncy, who was minister from 1727 to 1787. Rev. William Emer-
son, father of Ralph Waldo Emerson, was minister from 1799 to 1811.
Rev. Rufus Ellis was pastor from 1853 until his death, September 23,
1885.
The second church established in Boston is represented by the
130 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON.
Second Unitarian Church, in Copley Square. The society was
organized in 1649, has occupied six different meeting-houses. In
the belfry of the third meeting-house hung the first bell cast in
Boston, made by Paul Revere, in 1792. The first minister of the
church was Rev. John Mayo. Rev. Increase Mather was the second,
his service covering fifty-nine years (1664- 1723). During the greater
portion of this period. Cotton Mather was his colleague (1685-1728);
and Samuel Mather was minister from 1732 to 1741. The first
Unitarian minister was Rev. John Lathrop (1768-1816). Succeeding
pastors were Revs. Henry Ware, Jr., Ralph Waldo Emerson, Chand-
ler Robbins, Robert Laird Collier, and Edward A. Horton. Present
pastor, Rev. Thomas Van Ness, installed in 1893.
Another prominent church of this denomination is the Church of
the Disciples, on Warren Avenue, which was founded by the late
James Freeman Clarke, in 1841, to embody the three principles of
a free church, a social church, and a church in which the members,
as well as the pastor, should take part." Rev. Charles G. Ames is
the present pastor. The present meeting-house was dedicated in
1869. The Church of the Unity, on Walnut Street, corner of Oakman,
Neponset, of which the Rev. Mmot J. Savage was the pastor until
recently, is one of the most active churches in the city in the prose-
cution of all good works. The Arlington Street Church, on the
corner of Arlington and Boylston streets, is a successor of the old
Federal Street Church, organized in 1724, under the Presbyterian
form. It became Unitarian in 1786. The exterior of the building is
plain, with a well-proportioned tower and steeple, placed in the
middle of the front. The interior is modeled after the Church of S.
Annunziata, at Genoa, by Giacomo Delia Porta. A fine range
of Corinthian columns divides it into a nave and two aisles. In the
tower is hung a chime of sixteen bells, a gift from the late Jonathan
Phillips. The list of pastors of the church is short and distinguished :

Belknap, John S. Popkin, Wm. Ellery Channing, Ezra S. Gannett,

John F. W. Ware, Brooke Herford, John Cuckson, and Rev. Paul
Revere Frothingham, the present pastor.
—
Congregational Trinitarian. This denomination stands at the
head of Protestant organizations in Boston in the number of its
churches. Among its forty-two societies, that of the Old South is the
most ancient. [For description of the Old South Meeting-House, see
Chapter IV.] This was the third church established in Boston, and
ARLINGTON STREET CHURCH - Corner Boylston and Arlington Streets.

(131)
132 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON
was **gathered" in i66g. Its present home, the New Old South
Churchy is the costly and imposing edifice on Boylston, corner of
Dartmouth Street, and is one of the striking features of Copley Square.
It is built of Roxbury and Ohio stone, in the Northern Italian Gothic
style of architecture. It is cruciform, and has a great tower which
rises 240 feet. From this tower an arcade, which shelters memor-
ial tablets, extends to the south transept. Along the walls is a belt of
gray sandstone, on which are carved the representations, vines, and
fruit, among which animals and birds are seen. Over the center of
the edifice rises a large lantern of gilded copper, with twelve windows.
The interior is finished in cherry-wood and frescoed. The stained,
glass window back announcement of
of the pulpit represents the
Christ's birth to the shepherds. The south transept window illustrates
the five parables that in the north transept, the five miracles, and
;

those in the nave, the prophets and apostles. Over the doorways are
three panels of Venetian mosaic. The present pastor is Rev. George
A. Gordon. Park Street Churchy marking the corner of Tremont
and Park Streets, was built in 1809. This was the first Congrega-
tional Trinitarian church established after the great Unitarian
movement which caused such a breaking up of lines in orthodox
ranks. In the early days the singing of the Park Street choir, com-
posed of fifty singers, with flute, bassoon, and violoncello accompani-
ment, was an attractive feature of the Sunday service. Rev. Dr. J. L.
Withrow is the pastor.
Episcopalian —The first church of this faith established in Boston
was King's Chapel, and the second Old Christ Church. [For history
and description of these churches see Old Landmarks, Chapter IV]
Trinity Churchy third Protestant Episcopal church in Boston, was
founded in 1728. The present beautiful church edifice in Copley
Square is the third building occupied by the society. The building
is considered the master piece of the great architect, Richardson, and

it is open to visitors every day, except Sunday, from g a. m. to 5 p. m.

The architecture is the French Romanesque. Its shape is that of a

Latin cross, with a semicircular apse added to the eastern arm and
short transepts. The massive central tower is supported by four piers,
close to the angles of the building, and stands on the square at the
intersection of nave and transepts. The finial on the tower is 211 feet
KING'S CHAPEL-Corner Tremont and School Street

(133)
134 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON,
from the ground. The stone of which the walls of the church are
constructed is yellowish Dedham and Westerly granite, with freestone
trimmings. The vestibules are finished in oak and ash, and the
interior of the church in black walnut. The clear-story is carried by
an arcade of two arches. Above the aisles a gallery is cairied across
the arches, which is called the " trif orium " gallery, and connects the
three main galleries, one across each transept, and the third across
the west end of the nave. The chancel is 57 feet deep and 53 feet
wide. It contains beautiful stained memorial windows, a brass
lectern, and a marble font. The decorative work of the interior is
by John La Farge. In the great tower are painted colossal figures
of David and Moses, Peter and Paul, Isaiah and Jeremiah, with
scriptural scenes high above. In the nave is a fresco of Christ and the
Samaritan woman.
The building is 160 feet long and 120 feet wide at the transepts. It
rests upon 4,500 piles. The great tower weighs over 18,000 tons.
The chapel is connected with the church by an open cloister. The
cost of trinity, land and building, was $750,000. Trinity Church has
had many famous rectors, among them Revs. Samuel Parker, second
Bishop of Massachusetts; John Sylvester, John Gardiner, one of the
founders of the Athenaeum; J. W. Doane, afterward Bishop of New
Jersey, and founder of Burlington College; John W. Hopkins, after-
ward first Bishop of Vermont; Manton Eastburn, fourth Bishop of
Massachusetts; and Phillip Brooks, sixth Bishop of Massachusetts.
Phillips Brooks' service as rector covered a period of twenty-two
years (1869-91). Present rector, Rev. Alexander Mann.
In the busiest part of Tremont Street, surrounded by modern busi-
ness buildings, rise the gray granite walls of St. PauT s Church, the
fourth Episcopal society of Boston. It was built in 1820, and
features of the interior are the memorial tablets and the high, old-
fashioned pews. The present rector of the church is Rev. Dr Thomas
A. Jaggar. The Church of the Adveiit, on the corner of Mount
Vernon and Brimmer streets, is of the High Church school. The
exquisite music which is rendered by the boy choir of this church is
a feature of the Sunday services. The Church of the Messiah,
in St. Stephen Street, near Huntington Avenue, in the Back Bay, is
''high church," giving the full English Cathedral Service. The
rector is the Rev. John McGaw Foster.
 CHURCHES, 135

The Baptist Church Boston goes back to the days of rehgious

in
persecution, the first society of the Colony having been established in
Charlestown in 1665. It was soon driven to Noddle's Island, now
East Boston, which then contained but one dwelling. The first meet-
ing-house was built at the North End, in Boston, on the corner of
Salem and Stillman Streets, in 1679. The Fhst Baptist Church, on
the corner of Commonwealth Avenue and Clarendon Street, is the
descendant of that society. The church building was designed by
the late H. H. Richardson for the society of the Brattle Square
Church, and it was purchased by the First Baptist Society in 1882.
The main feature of the church is the massive square tower, which is
176 feet high. On the frieze, between the belfry arches and the
cornice, are colossal figures in high relief, which were carved by
Italian sculptors, from designs by Bartholdi, after the stone had been
put in position. The groups represent the four Christian eras. Baptism,
Communion, Marriage, and Death. The statues at the corners of the
tower typify the Angels of the Judgment blowing their trumpets.
The building is in the form of a Greek cross, and the interior is
lighted by three rose windows. The Tremont Teinple Churchy a Free
Baptist Church, was organized in 1839, and long established in
Tremont Temple, which was burned in 1893 and has been succeeded
by the new Tremont Temple, Dr. Henson, pastor.
The Methodist Episcopal Church has thirty -two organizations
within the city. The Tremont Methodist Churchy on the corner of
Tremont and West Concord Streets, is the finest church building be-
longing to this denomination in the city. It is in the plain gothic
style, and isconstructed of Roxbury stone.
The churches of this denomination are to be found in every part
of the city, and they are in the van in all missionary and charitable
work.
Presbyterianism has not kept pace with other religious sects in
Boston, and at present has but nine church organizations. The First
Presbyterian Churchy Berkeley Street, corner of Columbus Avenue:
the First Reformed Presbyterian Churchy on Ferdinand, corner of
Isabella Street, and the Scotch Presbyterian Chufch, on Warrenton
Street, are among the more prominent societies of the denomination
in the city.
138 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON.
Of Universalist churches Boston has but ten. The first church
was on School Street. Its site is now occupied by the School Street
Block. Their present house of worship is on Guild Row, corner of
Dudley Street. The Second U?iiversalist Church is on Columbus
Avenue, corner of Clarendon Street. This has been the pulpit of
the Rev. Stephen H. Roblin since 1895. His predecessor was the
Rev. Dr. Alonzo A. Miner, who succeeded the Rev. E. H. Chapin.
The Israelitish population of the city is centered in the old North
End, and most of their synagogues, numbering thirteen, are located
in that part of the town. The oldest Jewish society, that of the
" Ohabei Shalom," has for its synagogue the old South Congrega-
tional Church at 11 Union Park Street. The Temple of Adath
Israel is on Columbus Avenue, corner of Northampton Street. It
is a handsome Romanesque building of brick, brown stone, and
terra-cotta, and contains six hundred sittings. It is the principal
synagogue in Boston.
Some miscellaneous churches should be mentioned. The Work-
ing Union of Progressive Spiritualists occupy the " Spiritual
Temple," corner of Exeter and Newbury streets. This is the first
meeting-house for Spiritualists erected in the city. It was built in
1885, and its cost, $250,000, was met by Marcellus J. Ayer, a wealthy
merchant. The oldest Swedenborgian Church in the city is a pic-
turesque Gothic liouse on Bowdoin Street. This society was organized
in 18 18. The Salvation Army has meeting places at 7 Green Street,
and 2058 Washington Street. The People's Temple, corner of Colum-
bus Avenue and Berkeley Street, is a free church, and the aim of its
supporters is to make it attractive to all classes of people. The seat-
ing capacity is from three to four thousand. This church was largely
the conception of the Rev. J. W. Hamilton, a Methodist clergyman.
The Christian Scientists occupy the First Church of Christ, on Fal-
mouth Street, corner of Norway. The Latter Day Saints worship
at 1 82 1 Washington Street. The Friends' Meeting House is on
Townsend, near Warren Street, Roxbury District. The Seventh
Day Adventists are located at 26 Union Park Street.
Roman Catholic Churches.
Roman
Catholicism met with many obstacles in its efforts to gain
a foothold in Boston. But, when once established, its growth was
steady and rapid, and to-day it probably leads all other sects in the
TRINITr' CHURCH — Boylston and Clarendon Streets.

(137)
138 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON,
number of its communicants. It has fifty-four churches, outnumber-
ing, in this particular, every Protestant denomination, even the
Congregational Trinitarian. In all charitable and benevolent work,
it is fully abreast of the times. Mass was first celebrated in Boston
in November, 1788, in a building which stood on the present site of
the School Street Building. This was the old Huguenot meeting-
house, built in 1704. Afterward it became the meeting-house of a
congregation of independent worshipers, and, finally, the first Cath-
olic church.
The Cathedral of the Holy Cross, on the corner of Washington
and Maiden streets, is the largest and most noteworthy Catholic
church in New England. It is constructed of the variegated Rox-
bury stone, and the architecture is the early English Gothic. The
massive towers will eventually be surmounted by spires, respectively
300 and 200 feet high. The cathedral, with its chapels, covers more
than an acre of ground, and it has a seating capacity of 3,500. The
interior of the church is divided by rows of bronzed pillars, which
support a high clear-story and an open timber roof. The large win-
dows are filled with stained glass, representing various scriptural
scenes and characters. The chancel windows show the Crucifixion,
the Nativity, and the Ascension; and those of the transept, each
covering 800 square feet, represent the " Finding of the True Cross,"
and the '* Exaltation of the Cross," by the Emperor Heraclius, after
its recovery from the Persians. The nave is 125 feet high. Beneath
it are class-rooms, chapels, and a crypt for the burial of bishops.
The chancel contains a beautiful altar of variegated marble. The
organ, which is built around the rose window on the west side, is one

of the finest instruments in the country. It has 5,292 pipes and 100
stops. At the northeast corner of the building is the beautiful Chapel
of the Blessed Sacrament, containing the altar of the first Boston
cathedral, which stood on Franklin Street. At the southeast corner
is the Chapel of the Blessed Virgin, and in this is the costly marble

statue of the Virgin. In the cathedral yard is a bronze statue of

Colmnbus, by Alois Buyens. It is a replica of the San Domingo
monument. It represents the explorer in the attitude of giving
thanks, the left hand raised, and the right pointing to the globe at
his side.The figure and pedestal are twenty-five feet high. The man-
sion-house of the archbishop and the chief offices of the denomi-
nation are on Union Park Street, at the rear of the cathedral.
 CHURCr/ES. 139

The Church of the Immaculate Conception is on Harrison

Avenue, corner of East Concord Street. The church was begun in
1857, and completed in 186 1. It is a soHd structure of granite, without
tower or spire. Above the entrance is a statue of the Virgin Mary,
while above all stands a statue of the Saviour. The interior is very-
fine. It is finished mainly in white, except at the altar end, where
the ornamentation is exceedingly rich. On the keystone of the chan-
cel arch is a bust representing Christ; on the opposite arch, over the
choir gallery, one representing the Virgin, and on the capitals of the
columns are busts of the saints of the Society of Jesus. On the
panels of the rich marble altar the life of the Virgin is sculptured; and
on either side of the structure are 'three Corinthian columns, with
entablatures and broken arches, surmounted by statues of the
Immaculate Conception of the Virgin, the whole terminated by a
silver cross, with an angel on each side. On the right of the broken
arch is a figure of St. Ignatius, and on the opposite side one of St.
Francis Xavier. The painting of the Crucifixion, behind the altar, is
by Garibaldi of Rome. In the center of the elliptic dome, over the
chancel, is a dove with outspread wings. The two side chapels
within the chancel are dedicated to St. Joseph and St. Aloysius.

Other Keligious Organizations.

There are a great number of missionary and religious societies,
both unsectarian and denominational, which do a beneficent work in
the city. Some of these are national in character; others purely
local. Among these may be mentioned the Boston Deaf Mute
Society, at 458 Boylston Street, which provides a meeting-place and
preaching in sign language, free to all deaf mutes the Clark Street
;

Mission, which aids and protects discharged prisoners the City;

—
Missionary Society Congregational House —No. 14 Beacon Street,
which provides moral and religious instruction for the poor; the
Episcopal City Mission of Boston, No. i Joy Street, which does
missionary work in the hospitals and prisons, and among the sailors,
meets the steamers bringing steerage passengers, and sends visitors
into the densely populated portions of the city to labor for the spir-
itual welfare of the poor; the St. Vincent de Paul Society, 36 Charity
Building, which is active in a variety of religious and charitable
work; the North End Union, 20 Parmenter Street, a society for the
elevation of the poor at the North End; the Union Rescue Mission, 34
140 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON,

Kneeland Street, engaged in aiding and lifting up poor, fallen

humanity; the United Society of Christian Endeavor^ 646 Washing-
ton Street, a religious society, composed of members of evangelical
churches, for the training and guiding of young Christians the Order
;

of the King' s Daughters^ 7 Temple Place, organized to do ^'anything

that helps another human being to be better and happier, and to
develop spiritual life and stimulate Christian activity;" and the
Massachusetts Bible Society^ 12 Bosworth Street, sells or distributes,
gratuitously. Bibles and Testaments.

Societies for Social Improvement.

The Boston Young Men's Christian Association. The old Y. M.

C. A. Building on Boylston Street was destroyed by fire early in
1910. The Association has temporary headquarters in Ashburton
Place. A new building is soon to be erected on Huntington Avenue,
in the Fenway District. Funds for this building were raised by busi-
ness men of Boston, the so-called "clock" method being employed.
The Boston Young Men's Christian Union, 48 Boylston Street,
is open to young men, over sixteen, of any color or sect. It incites its
members to religious and mental culture, and to practical X3hilan-
thropy. The building has reception-rooms, parlors, a study, library,
class and reading rooms, a gymnasium, and three public halls.
fine
— —
In the largest of these halls the Union there are 500 seats, and it
has a stage and appliances suitable for amateur dramatic perform-
ances.
The Boston Young Men's Hebrew Association, 39 E. Concord
Street, open evenings. It
is is devoted to the social and moral
advancement of young men.
The Young Women's Christian Association, No. 40 Berkeley
Street, was established in 1866. Its object is "to care for the tem-
poral, moral, and religious welfare of young women who are depend-
ent upon their own exertion for support, and to help them in such a
way that their self-respect shall not be hurt." It maintains a lodging-
house, restaurant, a training-school for domestics, a school of domes-
tic science,evening classes for working girls in dress-cutting, dress-
making, millinery, cooking, typewriting, stenography, and a normal
school of physical education, an employment bureau, and a business
agency for the various employments open to women.
 RELIGIOUS AND BENEVOLENT WORK, 141

The Women's Educational and Industrial Union, 264 Boylston

Street, was established in 1880, and has for its object "to increase
fellowship among women, and promote practical methods for their
educational, industrial, and social advancement." It maintains a
reading-room free to all women of any race or creed; library, classes
in bookkeeping, gymnastics, embroidery, millinery, drawing, music,
language, and entertainments on Wednesday evenings
etc.; lectures
in winter, free to men and women;
religious meetings on Sunday,
for women only, and health talks, by women physicians, twice a
week. An agency of direction gives information as to boarding-
houses, summer resorts, schools, etc. A
befriending committee visits
the sick. In the lunch -room a simple bill of fare, at moderate prices,
is presented, and women can bring their own lunch to eat here without

purchasing.

Charities and Hospitals.

Hospitals. — Boston one of the foremost cities in the country in
is
the number and equipment of her hospitals. A stranger suffering
from illness or accident ought to feel no hesitation in availing him-
self of the comfort and care provided by these institutions.
The Massachusetts General Hospital, on Blossom Street, had its
origin in a bequest of $5,000, made in 1799; but it was not incorpo-
rated until 1 81 1. It is the most complete and perfectly organized in-
stitution of its kind in the country, and the oldest, save one the —
Pennsylvania Hospital. The stately main building, of Chelmsford
granite, was designed by Bulfinch. It stands in pleasant shaded
ground. It admits, under light conditions, patients suffering from
diseases or injuries, from any part of the United States or British
Provinces; and provision is made for free treatment, or treatment at
the cost to the patient of the expense involved. No infectious dis-
eases are admitted, and chronic or incurable cases are generally
refused. On proper call the hospital ambulance, with medical officer,
isdispatched, at any hour, to points within the city proper, north of
Dover and Berkeley streets. Every arrangement is made, in the
hospital, for the treatment, comfort, and happiness of the patient.
In connection with this hospital is the Convalescent Home, at Wa-
verly, and the McLean Asylum for the Insa^ti, also established in
Waverly. The hospital maintains a training school for nurses, and a
dispensary which gives treatment only.

10
142 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON.
The names of many men eminent in the medical profession
have, at all times, been on the list of its visiting physicians and
surgeons. In one of the operating-rooms of this hospital a capital
operation was first performed tinder the influence of ether. (See
The Ether Monument, in Chapter III.)
The Boston City Hospital occupies the entire square between
Harrison Avenue, East Concord, Albany, and East Springfield
streets, and a part of the adjacent square to Massachusetts
Avenue. It is maintained by annual appropriations from the
municipal government, and it is governed by a board of trustees
representing the government. The hospital staff, consisting of
visiting, out-patient, house, departments, and medical and sur-
gical assistants, numbers about seventy. The hospital is chiefly
intended for free patients, but there are accommodations for a
number of pay -patients, at prices varying from $10 to $30 per
week. The hospital proper consists of the central administration
building, and eighteen other buildings for patients, forming an
effective architectural group. The hospital for contagious diseases,
completed 1894, is known as the Chester Park Hospital, and has
accommodations for 260 patients. It is intended for such infec-
tious diseases as diphtheria, scarlet fever, measles, etc. This group
of buildings has cost about $350,000, and is the best of any
hospital in existence devoted to this special purpose. No American
city, save Boston, is provided with a place like this, where gently-
nurtured people may have all the comforts and attentions to
which they are accustomed. The Convalescent Home, connected
with the City Hospital, is at Milton Lower Mills, about four miles
from the hospital. It is a fine old family mansion, which has
been extended and enlarged, and accommodates thirty-six patients.
It is in a beautiful park of fifteen acres.
The Massachusetts Homoeopathic Hospital, on East Concord
Street, was incorporated in 1855, but was not established and
ready for patients until 18 71. For five years it occupied a house
at 14 Burroughs Place. The present beautiful building was
opened for patients in May, 1876. The funds for its erection were
raised by a grand fair, which was held by its friends, and netted
nearly $80,000. The hospital has recently been enlarged at a cost
of $100,000, and is pronounced, by competent judges, one of the
most successful and satisfactory hospitals in the State.
 —

RELIGIOUS AND BENEVOLENT WORK, 143

The Carney Hospital, on Old Harbor Street, South Boston, was

incorporated in 1865. The location is, in every respect, desirable.
It stands on Dorchester Heights, and commands an extensive
view of Massachusetts Bay, and also of the city. The land on
which the hospital stands, and a fund of $53,000, were a gift
from the late Andrew Carney. It is in charge of the Sisters of
Charity, and is a Catholic institution, but patients of all classes
are admitted, no distinction being made on account of creed,
color, or race. It is a hospital of the first class, wnth well-equipped
operating-rooms, etherizing-rooms, and other departments.
Other Hospitals. Adams Nervine Asylum, for persons of both
sexes affected with nervous diseases. West Roxbury District, Center
Street. Boston Lying-in //"^^j-///^^/. No. 24 McLean Street. Ckan-
ning Home, for women and children, chiefly incurables. No. 30
McLean Street. Children s Hospital for medical and surgical treat-
ment of children, Huntington Avenue, Back Bay District. Consump-
tives' Hojne, for both sexes. Homoeopathic treatment, Roxbury
District, corner of Warren Street and Blue Hill Avenue. Free Hospi-
tal for Women, for treatment of diseases of women, 817 Harrison
Avenue and Brookline Street. House of the Good Samaritan, for
the treatment of women and children, especially incurables. No. 6
McLean Street. New England Hospitalfor Wornen and Children,
under the charge of women. It offers young women studying medi-
cine opportunities for clinical study which other hospitals afford to
young men; Dimock Street; dispensary, 29 Fayette Street. Smallpox
Hospital, near rear entrance of Forest Hills Cemetery, Canterbury
Street. Special Home, for both sexes afflicted with spinal diseases,
homoeopathic treatment, Roxbury District, corner Warren Street
and Blue Hill Avenue. St. Elizabeth' s Hospital, for women,
No. 61 West Brookline Street. St. Joseph's Home for Sick
and Destitute Servant Girls, for incurables especially, Nos. 41
to 45 East Brookline Street. St. Mary's Lying-in Hospital (and
Infant Asylum), Dorchester District, Bowdoin Street. United States
Naval Hospital, connected with the Charlestown Navy Yard,
Chelsea.
Other Public Institutions which come under the jurisdiction of
the city government, are the Houses of Industry and Reformation,
and Truant School at Deer Island; the Almshouses at Rainsford
144 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON.
and Long Islands, and Charlestown; the Mar cell a Street Houie for
neglected boys and girls, and the Parental School, at West Roxbury.
—
The Associated Charities of Boston. The objects of this society
are to secure the concurrent and harmonious action of the^different
charities in Boston, in order to raise the needy above the need of
relief,prevent begging and imposition, and diminish pauperism to ;

encourage thrift, self-dependence, and industry through friendly

intercourse, advice, and sympathy, and to aid the poor to help them-
selves to prevent children from growing up as paupers, and to aid
;

in the diffusion of knowledge on subjects connected with the relief

of the poor. ^To accomplish these objects, it provides for the thorough
investigation of the case of every applicant for relief, and places the
result of such investigation at the disposal of the Overseers of the
Poor, of charitable societies and agencies, and of private persons of
benevolence. It makes all relief conditional upon good conduct, and
sends friendly visitors into the families of the poor. Their offices
are in the Charity Building, on Chardon Street.
The Private Charities of Boston are numerous and efficient.
They meet almost every want to which suffering humanity is subject,
and they are conducted with rare intelligence and devotion. It would
be impossible, in a work of this character, to mention even the more
prominent private philanthropies. Information concerning them
may be obtained at the Charity Building, on Chardon Street.
 VIII.

CLUBS, SOCIETIES, AND MILITARY

ORGANIZATIONS.

The social clubs of the city are not of special interest to strangers,
since, withoutan invitation from a member, no one is admitted to
their privileges.Boston has many clubs, social, literary, professional,
business, and commercial. Some of these clubs have palatial
houses, wherein every appliance of comfort and luxury is to be found,
but many of them are confined to rooms in some convenient
locality.

The following is an alphabetical list of the leading clubs and

societies in Boston, with brief remarks:
Algonquin, 217 Commonwealth Avenue. This is one of the lead-
ing social clubs. Its membership includes bankers, brokers, mer-
chants, lawyers, etc. It was organized in 1885, and occupies one of
the finest and most perfectly appointed club-houses in the city. The
exterior, in Italian Renaissance architecture, is of Indiana limestone.
The reading-room, library, and billiard-hall are each over eighty feet
long, and the dining-rooms and other apartments are convenient and
attractive.

Apollo Club, 3 Joy Street. [See Chapter V.]

Appalachian Mountain, Tremont Building. The objects of this
association are to explore the mountains of New England and the
adjacent regions, both for scientific and artistic purposes, and, in
general, to cultivate an interest in geographical studies. Its mem-
bers make frequent expeditions to these mountains, strike out new
paths, establish camps, construct and publish accurate maps, and
collect all available information concerning the mountain regions.
(145)
146 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON.
Boston Architectural, 14 Somerset Street, composed of architects
and draughtsmen, and non-professionals interested in the aims of the
society.
Boston Athletic Association, Exeter, corner of Blagden Street.
[See Chapter V.]
Boston Camera Club, 50 Bromfield Street, composed of amateur
photographers, and devoted to the advancement, among its members,
of a knowledge of photography in all its branches.
The Boston Art. Club's handsome home is at the corner of Dart-
mouth and Newbury streets. The club entrance is on the Newbury
Street side, while the public entrance to the art gallery is on the
Dartmouth Street front. The building is in the Romanesque style
of architecture, with hexagonal corner tower with a massive project-
ing balcony.
This club was organized in 1857, with a membership of twenty
persons, nearly all of whom were professional artists. In 1874 the
club was reorganized and now numbers 137 professional and 650 non-
professional m.embers. The objects of the club, as stated in its con-
stitution are
, to advance the knowledge and love of art through the
*
'

exhibition of its works of art, the acquisition of books and papers for
the purpose of forming an art library, lectures upon subjects per-
taining to art, and by other kindred means and to promote social
;

intercourse among its members."

The interior of the house is convenient, sumptuous, and inviting.
The exhibition gallery, on the second floor, is 47 by 47 feet, and 18 feet
high, and,by the arrangement of the interior of the house, the gallery
can be thrown open for public exhibitions without encroaching upon
the rooms devoted exclusively to club purposes. The club has a val-
uable library of works on art and books of reference. Its regular
spring, summer, and winter exhibitions are important features of the
art season in Boston.
The Boston Society of Decorative Art is located at 184 Boylston
Street. The purpose of this society is "to raise the standard of
design in hand- wrought work and in manufacture, and to guide all
those who use the needle, the brush, or the modeling-tool for deco-
rative ends, to an appreciation of pure form and noble design, so that
the objects produced or decorated by these agencies might be beauti-
ful to the eye and satisfactory to the cultivated taste." The rooms of
the society are open from 10 a. m. to 5 p. m. on week-days, and many
 CLUBS, SOCIETIES, ETC 147

beautiful specimens of decorative work are on exhibition. Ad-

mission free.

The Boston Turn Verein, 29 Middlesex Street, was organized in

1849, and it is the leading German society in the city. The club-
house contains a thoroughly equipped gymnasium, billiard-rooms,
bowling alleys, a hall having a seating capacity of 500, and a stage
for private theatricals, concerts, and other entertainments; a read-
ing-room and library, and restaurant, parlors, and reception-rooms.

The Bostonian Society, Old State House, is an organization to

"promote the study of the history of Boston, and the preservation
of its antiquities." It has charge of the upper stories of the Old
State House, and maintains the rooms on the second floor, with the
collection of antiquities there, for public exhibition.

The Boston Chamber of Commerce, Chamber of Commerce Build-

ing, is the leading commercial-mercantile organization of the city,
representing various branches of trade, industry and the pro-
fessions. It has a large membership and performs its work through
numerous important committees.
Boston Chess Club, 241 Tremont Street.
Boston Fencing Club, 20 Beacon Street.

Boston Press Club, 3 Beacon Street, composed of newspaper

proprietors, publishers, editors, reporters, and managers, and per-
sons regularly engaged in literary pursuits.

Boston Yacht Club, 817 East Sixth Street. It is the senior

yacht club of Boston, and dates from 1866. Its club-house is at
City Point.

Catholic Union, 1682 Washington Street, composed of leading

Catholics.

Cecelia, 14 Beacon Street.

City Club, corner Beacon and Somerset Streets.

Elysium Club, 218 Huntington Avenue. This is composed of

the leading Hebrew residents of the city. The club-house was
erected in 1891, and it is, in every way, convenient and attractive.

New England Shoe and Leather Association, 166 Essex Street.

The leading organization of the shoe and leather business and
allied lines.

The Boston 1915 Association, 20 Beacon Street. Organized for

the civic and political betterment of Boston,
148 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON.
Massachusetts Yacht Club, Rowe's Wharf.
New England Woman's Club, No. 198 Clarendon Street. This is
one of the most prominent clubs of Boston. Its organization, in 1868,
was closely followed by that of "Sorosis" of New York, but the latter
club does not resemble its predecessor in its aims. Sorosis is purely
a social club, while the New England Woman's Club is not only
social, but has a wide-reaching work in many directions. The
Woman's Club was intended as a cegter of rest and social convenience
for women already active in various philanthropic ways to the extent
of their ability, with, the hope and belief that the time thus econo-
mized from fruitless search of each other, or spent socially in a less
satisfactory manner, given to this sympathetic intercourse, might
turn to still more fruitful use from the reaction upon each other of
minds so well trained in varied service, when brought to bear upon
the special needs of women.
Paint and Clay Club, 419 Washington Street. This club was
founded in 1880. Its constitution requires that members shall be
connected with art, literature, or music. It gives occasional recep-
tions and art exhibitions
ThePuritan Club, 50 Beacon Street, composed of young men of
social standing and wealth. It has excellent table d'hote dinners for
members, and pleasant dining-rooms for private parties.
Republican Club of Massachusetts, 19 Milk Street.
St. Botolph Club, 2 Newbury Street, largely composed of
professional men. It was organized in 1880, and the purpose of
its projectors was to establish a club similar to that of the
Century in New York. Among its members are several of the
most distinguished of the liberal clergymen of the city, representa-
tive literary men, physicians, journalists, artists, and members of
the bar. A feature of the club-house is its large art gallery.
The Somerset Club, 42 Beacon Street. This is the most
fashionable and exclusive of Boston's clubs. It has occupied its
present quarters since 1872. The house, which was formerly the
mansion of David Sears, stands on the site of the home
the late
of Copley, the famous painter. It is an imposing granite front,
double-swell " house, with convenient and elegant interior. A
notable feature is a ladies' dining-room for guests of the mem-
bers, which is also open to non-members accompanying ladies on
club orders.
 CLUBS, SOCIETIES, ETC. 149

The Suffolk Club, whose house, at 4^ Beacon Street, is a

modest, comfortable, and homelike structure, is a purely social
club. Politics do not enter into its plans, but it happens that
many prominent Democrats are among its members.
Union Club, 8 Park Street. This club was established during
the Civil War, primarily as a political club in support of the
Union cause. The house was formerly the home of Abbot
Lawrence. It is spacious, well arranged, and furnished, adorned
with paintings and other works of art, and provided with a fine
library. It has, for many years now, been a purely social club,
having abandoned its political features.
The Tavern Club occupies very pleasant quarters at No. 4 Boylston
Place, in an old-time mansion, which is adorned with works of
art and curiosities, given by members. It is a lunch and dining
club of gentlemen who are interested in literature, art, music, etc,
The Temple Club, located at 74 Boylston Street, is the oldest club
in the city, having been established in 1829. It is a purely social
club, and the membership is small. The club-house presents a plain
exterior, but its interior is admirably arranged and equipped for club
purposes.
The University Club, 270 Beacon Street, was organized in 1881,
audits membership is composed entirely of college-bred men, and
includes representatives of all the leading colleges in the country.
It occupies one of the most sumptuously appointed club-houses in
the city.
The Unity Art Club, 724 Washington Street.
Union Boat Club, foot of Chestnut Street, on the Charles River.
This is, with one exception, the oldest boat club in the United States,
having been organized in 1851. It is an exclusively amateur associa-
tion, no member being allowed to enter into negotiations to row a
race for a stated sum of money, nor can the funds of the club be
appropriated for prizes.
There are several Literary Clubs in Boston which, having no
club-houses, meet at some leading hotel. The Saturday Club dines
once a month, at Parker's. Many celebrated writers have belonged to
this club. The Wednesday Evening Century Club and the Thurs-
day Club are associations in which the professional element is dom-
inant. They meet at the houses of members.
Among the Professional Societies may be mentioned the Boston
150 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON.
Medical Association, which holds its meetings at 19 Boylston Place;
the Boylston Medical Society of Harvard University, the Boston
Society for Medical Improvement, the Boston Society for Medical
Observation, the Boston Homceopathic Society, the Boston Drug-
gists^ Association, and the Bar Association of the City of Boston.

Scientific and Learned Societies.

Boston hasmany societies devoted to scientific and learned inves-
tigations. The American Academy of Arts and Sciences has rooms
at 28 Newbury Street, and is, with one exception, the oldest
scientific society in the country. The object of its founders was
•the promotion and encouragement of a knowledge of the anti-
quities and the natural history of America; the encouragement of
medical studies, mathematical disquisitions, philosophical inquiries
and discoveries, astronomical, meteorological, and geographical
observations, and improvements in agriculture, the arts, manufac-
tures, and commerce." Volumes of its "Memoirs" and "Proceed-
ings" are from time to time published. Its library contains 22,000
volumes. (See Libraries.)
The Massachusetts Historical Society, which in 1899 moved
into a new building at Boylston Street and the Fenway, was founded,
in 1 791, by Rev. Jeremy Belknap and seven associates, Its object is
to investigate matters of history, and preserve records and relics
illustrating it, especially locally. It publishes extensively.
The New England Historic Genealogical Society, at 18 Somerset
Street, was founded in 1844, and has for its object the study and pub-
lication of historical and genealogical facts about New England and
her people. The library embraces the largest collection in the
country of genealogies of New England families.
The Boston Society of Natural History meets in its Museum
building (see the corner of Boylston and Berkeley streets.
p. 69), at
The Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Association, Hunt-
ington Avenue, corner of West Newton Street, was instituted, in
1795, at the " Green Dragon Tavern." Its primary objects were to
relieve the families of unfortunate mechanics, and to assist young
mechanics with loans of money, and to promote inventions and im-
provements in the mechanic arts. It has, for a long period now, held
**
Triennial Festivals," or public exhibitions. The present exhibition
building is one of the largest in the country. Of its three halls
 CLUBS, SOCIETIES, ETC 151

Mechanics' Hall, seating about 6,000, is the largest. Paul Revere

was le xirst president of this association.
.

Secret Orders.
All, probably, of the secret orders and societies in the United
States are represented in Boston. The following are notable :

—
Free Masonry. The first Masonic lodge in the country was
organized in Boston, in July, 1733. The headquarters of the Masonic
societies of the city are in Masonic Temple, on the corner of Tremont
and Boylston streets, a magnificent granite building, finished in 1899.
The sub-basement includes a large banqueting-hall. The upper part
of the Temple is divided into many halls, lodgerooms, and general
offices of the order. The new Corinthian Hall, on the third floor,
will seat 255 persons, and is a refined copy of the old hall; it contains
an organ operated by electric power. The rooms of the Grand
Master and the library (for about 50,000 volumes) are also on this
floor. In the old temple one of the features was the Egyptian Hall.
This is replaced by Ionic Hall, which occupies a part of the fifth
floor, will be used by the chapters and the commanderies,, and will
have one of the three organs. A gallery reached from the tyler's
station, with platforms and galleries, having a seating capacity of
about 375, is a feature of this apartment. The Prelates rooms are also
on this floor. Gothic Hall (650 seats and a stage) and other rooms
especially adapted for the Scottish Rite bodies occupy a part of the
seventh floor. In the sixth, eighth, and ninth stories are armories,
lodgerooms and parlors.
—
Odd Fellows. The first lodge of Odd Fellows in Boston was
organized March 26, 1820— the second in the country. The head-
quarters of the several organizations in the city are in Odd Fellows'
Building, No. 515 Tremont Street, corner of Berkeley.
The Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, No. 24 Hayward
Place, is a secret benevolent organization, incorporated in 1879. Its
membership, at first composed chiefly of actors, now includes persons
from all professions. It gives assistance to members who are ill or
out of employment, according to the discretion of a relief committee.

Military Organizations.
—
State Militia. The headquarters of the First Brigade are at
South Armory and of the Second Brigade at No. 120 Tremont Street.
The First Corps of Cadets, M. V. M. quite an aristocratic four-
,

company battalion of young men, organized in 1741, and once com-

\
Photo Copyright by T. E. Marr.
MASONIC TEMPLE.
(152)
 CLUBS, SOCIETIES, ETC, 153

manded by John Hancock, are quartered in the castellated granite

armory on Columbus Avenue, southeast corner of Ferdinand Street.
The First Regiment of Infantry, Fifth Regiment of
the
Infantry, and the First Battalion of Cavalry, make their head-
quarters in the Irvington Street Armory. The Sixth Regiment of
Infantry's Armory is on Green Street, corner of Chardon; and the
Ninth Regime7it of Infantry is on East Newton.
The Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company is the oldest mili-
tary organization in the country. It was chartered in March, 1638, as
"The Military Company of Boston," and Robert Keayne, one of the
chief promoters of the new organization, was its first captain. It was
not until 1657 that it became an artillery company, when it was
recognized as such by the general court. The title 'Ancient and *

Honorable" was assumed in 1700, first appearing in its records in

September of that year. It was styled "ancient" because of its
great age, and " honorable " from the fact that some of its earlier
members had belonged to the Honorable Artillery Company of Lon-
don. The company was dispersed by the Revolution, and revived in
1789, when its name and privileges were confirmed by the Legisla-
ture. The anniversary of its organization, the first Monday in June,
is still celebrated by an annual parade. A sermon is preached to the
company, a good dinner is served in Faneuil Hall, and speeches
listened to; and thereafter all march to the Common, where the Gov-
ernor of the Commonwealth delivers to the newly-elected ofiicers
their commissions and the insignia of their offices. The company
has headquarters in Faneuil Hall, and frequently makes extensive
its
visiting journeys, of which the most notorious of late was its visit to
England in 1895, and its expedition to Baltimore in 1896.
 IX.
A TOUR OF THE CITY.

In the following pages is presented a single day*s itinerary,

covering the more important points of attraction in the city
proper, and some of those which, from historical or other associ-
ations, are always considered in connection with Boston. Of
course, it would not be possible, within such limits of time, to
linger long at any one point, and many places which would
prove interesting must be omitted from such a tour; but if one
has but a short time in which to compass the sights and beauties
of this historic town, it is believed that a strict adherence to the
route here proposed will enable him to cover more ground, and to
see more intelligently the places visited.

Washington Street.
Washington Street, starting atHaymarket Square, and trav-
ersing the city longitudinally from the old "North End," through
Roxbury to Dedham, is the principal business thoroughfare. The
corner of Washington and Bedford streets is about in the center
of the hotel and theater district, and will be a good point from
which to start on our pilgrimage. Here, on the southeast corner,
isthe great department store of R. H. White Co., occupying a stone
structure, and reaching through to Harrison Avenue, in the rear.
Keeping on the right side of Washington Street and walking to the
north, we pass some of the largest and finest retail stores in the city.
The block, from Avon to Summer Street, with the exception of
Shuman's corner, is occupied by the handsome freestone store of
Jordan, Marsh Co. On the opposite side of Washington Street,
(154)
 A TO UR OF THE CITY. 155

between Temple Place and Winter Street, are several other large
stores. Here, on the southeast corner of Milk and Washington
streets, is the building of the Boston Transcript, the oldest evening
newspaper in Boston. On the opposite corner of Milk Street is the
Old South Meeting-House, which is described in the chapter entitled
"Old Landmarks." Here we must pause to enjoy the quaint old
sanctuary, and spend a few minutes in viewing the collection of
antiquities which are exhibited in the church. The entrance fee is
25 cents, and goes toward the
maintenance of the building. On the
opposite side of Washington Street is the building of the Boston
Daily Advertiser, one of the oldest newspapers in the city.
Milk Street.
Let us now turn down Milk Street, noting the building on the
opposite side. No. 17, which bears a tablet announcing that it
marks the site of Benjamin Franklin's birthplace. Among the
buildings, many of which are occupied by banks, railroad, and
other corporations, the most notable are those of the International
Trust Company, its light stone fagade ornamented with carving
and sculpture, and then the great insurance buildings. At the
corner of Devonshire and Milk is the massive granite
building of the Equitable Life Assurance Society, full of banks
and offices, with the Security Safe Deposit vaults in the basement.
Elevators run to the roof, whence there is a magnificent view of
the city and harbor. Next our attention is claimed by the white
granite building, in the Renaissance style, of the New England
Mutual Life Insurance, at the corner of Milk and Congress streets.
This building is crowned by colossal statues. Adjoining this the
white marble building, with a stone clock-tower, rising 130 feet,
and terminating in a graceful spire, is that of the Mutual Life
Insurance Company of New York.
Crossing Post Office Square, we must stop long enough to view
the ponderous Government Building, w^hich faces the square, and
fills the space bounded by Milk, Devonshire, and AVater streets. The
Post Office Department occupies the basement, the ground floor, and
part of the second story of the building. In the second story are
also the offices of the Pension Agent, the Naval Pay and Internal
Revenue Departments, and the Sub-Treasury. The latter is a fine
hall, 50 feet high, adorned with rich marbles and costly trimmings.
156 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON.
The United States Courts, the Lighthouse Board, Lighthouse In-
spectors, and the Signal Service Department are all housed in this
building. The exterior walls of the building are of Cape Ann
granite. The fagades rise more than loo feet above the side-
walks, and the whole is a composition of pilasters, columns, and
round-arched windows, proportioned to set off the massive structure.
On the Post Office Square front are the heroic, sculptured groups, in
Vermont marble, by Daniel C. French of Concord. Facing the
building, the left-hand group represents Labor Protecting the
Family and the Arts " Labor, a stalwart figure, with his right arm
;

supported by the horn of the anvil against which he is leaning. Under

his right arm are the mother and child; at his left is a graceful woman
supporting a vase, while at her feet lie sculptured masks and capi-
tals. The group at the right represents "Science Controlling the
Forces of Steam and Electricity." The central figure. Science, rests
her foot on a closed volume —her undiscovered secrets —and sup-
ports on her left arm a horeshoe magnet, with a thunderbolt as an
armature. At her feet crouches a slave, with hands chained to a loco-
motive wheel; about him clouds of steam and fragments of ma-
chinery. At her right is disclosed the Spirit of Electricity, from
whom she throws back her drapery, which has veiled the figure, and
he stands ready to dart forth to **put a girdle round the earth,"
which lies at his feet. These groups are among the best examples of
symbolic sculpture in the country.

Custom House and Vicinity.

After leaving the Post Office, let us turn east on Water and pass
through Liberty Square, with the Mason Building in the middle of
the square, to Broad Street. Turning to the left, and then at Central
Street to the right, we come to the Cust07n House, a solid, dignified
building, in the form of a Greek cross, and the exterior in pure
Doric style. It was begun in 1835, and was twelve years in building.
The walls, columns, and even the entire roof, are of granite, and it
rests upon 3,000 piles. Each of the massive, fluted columns is 5 feet
2 inches in diameter, 32 feet high, and weighs over 40 tons.^^There
are thirty -two of these columns. The porticoes have each six columns.
The granite dome, at the intersection of the cross, terminates in a sky-
light, which is 25 feet in diameter. The cross-shaped rotunda, finished
in the Grecian-Corinthian style, is the main feature of the interior.
BOSTON CHAMBER OF COMMERCE — India Street, near Atlantic Avenue
158 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON,
Just beyond the Custom House, on India Street, is the Chamber of
Commerce Buildings with circular front and lofty, conical roof
pierced by high dormer windows. It is Romanesque and irregular
in plan, conforming to the shape of the lot. The chamber, recently
merged with the Boston Merchants Association, occupies the entire
third floor. The board-room,or exchange, is circular in form, with
high domed ceiling —the —
apex 38 feet above the floor and has a
floor space of 4,300 square feet. The visitors' gallery is over the
entrance.
Leaving the Chamber of Commerce and retracing our steps
for a short distance, pass to the rear of the Custom House and
along Commercial Street to the Quincy Market, a long, low,
granite building, with porticoes of massive granite columns, and at
either end a well-proportioned dome. This market-house (offi-
cially called " Faneuil Hall Market") is a monument of the lirst
Mayor Quincy 's administration, which covered six terms, i823-'29.
It was built in 1825-6, and cost, exclusive of the land, only $150,000.
The building is 534 feet long, extending from Commercial Street
to Faneuil Hall Square. A w^alk through the market, from the
east to the west portal, will be found instructive and interesting;
while outside, on both the north and south sides of the building,
the countless vegetable and market wagons make an animated
scene.
Leaving the market by the west portal, you are directly oppo-
site old Faneuil Hall, in which every patriotic American feels an
interest. [For history and description of Faneuil Hall, see chapter
entitled Old Landmarks.] After visiting the " Cradle of Liberty,"
and viewing the collection of portraits and relics of Colonial and
Provincial times, let us pass through Dock Square to Adams
Square, where Miss Anne Whitney's Statue of Samuel Adams
calmly surveys the hurry, and bustle, and crowd of Washington
Street. This statue, w^hich is a counterpart of that by the same
artist in the Capitol at Washington, was set up in 1880, the 250th
anniversary of the settlement of the town. The patriot leader is
represented as he is supposed to have looked when he was await-
ing Governor Hutchinson's reply to his demand for the instant
removal of the British troops from the town, the day after the
Massacre of 1770." Let us now turn up Washington Street, and,
keeping on the left side of the street, we must take time to
admire the lofty Ames Building, on the north vest corner
 .

A TOUR OF THE CITY. 159

Court and Washington streets. This is a very tall building indeed,

as, although covering a very small area, its granite walls rise to a
height of 190 feet. This finely designed structure cost about
$700,000. It was completed in 1890, and its tenants are chiefly
banking institutions and lawyers. On the opposite corner of
Court and Washington streets is another handsome business
block, the Sears Bitilding, This is in the Italian Gothic style of
architecture, its exterior walls of gray and white marble. Here
several great Western railroads and New England manufacturing
companies have their offices. Just in the rear of this building,
on Court Street, is Young's Hotel; and here, on our left,
standing at the head of State Street (in ante-Revolutionary
days King Street), is the Old State House. [For history and de-
scription of the Old State House, see chapter entitled "Old Land-
marks."] After completing our inspection of this most interesting
relic, let us walk a short distance down State Street, the fir.ancial
center of the town.
State Street.
Emerging from the Old State House, by the eastern portal, we
are confronted on either hand by massive modern buildings. On
the north side, at No. 28, is the building of the Merchants
National Bank, one of the largest banking institutions in New Eng-
land. Just beyond this is the Massachusetts Hospital Life Insurance
Building. On the south side of State Street is the new and ele2;ant
Brazer's Building, which is much larger than the old structure, with
all the modern improvements. The ten-story building of light brick,
occupying the little block formed by Congress Square and Congress
Street, is the Worthington Building, built by Roland Worthington,
the former owner of the Boston Traveller
The most notable of the modern buildings of State Street is
the mammoth twelve- story granite Exchange Building, one of the
largest office buildings in the country. It has a frontage of 170 feet
on State Street and 160 feet on Kilby Street. The cost of this great
structure was $4,000,000. In this building are the quarters of the
Stock Exchange, at the end of the entrance hall on the first floor.
The chamber is a fine hall 115 feet long, 50 feet wide, and 35 feet
high, with Corinthian pillars around the sides. Entrance to the
visitors' gallery is from the marble hall of the second floor of the build-
ing. Looking down from this gallery, the " pulpit," where the chair-
 s

160 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON,

man during the sessions, is seen in the middle of the right side
sits
of theroom; beyond it the Boston Stock Board; and opposite that,
on the left side of the room, the New York Board, with a nest of
telephone boxes below. Near the "pulpit" is the telegraph room;
and immediately opposite, on the left side, is the entrance to the
bond room. In the block beyond the Exchange Building is the solid
stone Fiske Building. The brown stone and yellow brick Farlow
Building on the corner of Merchant's Row, the India Building, the
Board of Trade Building, the Cunard Building, and the Richards
Building, complete the list of great modern buildings on this quaint
old thoroughfare.

Newspaper Row,
Retracing our way through State to Washington, and again
turning to the left, we are in the midst of the newspaper offices.
Newspaper Row is the name given to that part of Washington
Street between State and School streets. The first of these offices
to our left, on the east side of the street, is the handsome freestone
structure occupied by the Globe. In politics it is Democratic. Just
above and adjoining the Globe is the old Daily Advertiser'
building. It covers the site of the shop and dwelling of James
Campbell, bookseller and postmaster, who issued the Boston
News-Leiter, the first newspaper successfully established in North
America (1704).
This is the oldest morning paper in Boston, the first number
having appeared on March 3, 18 13. In politics the Advertiser is
Republican. The Advertiser and Evening Record are now pub-
lished opposite the Old South Meeting House. On the same side of
the street, at the corner of Water Street, is the building of the
Boston fournal, a Republican morning and evening paper, which
was first published, in 1833, under the name of the Evening
Merca7itile Journal. Its present name was adopted when the
publication of the morning edition was begun, in 1837. On the
opposite side of Washington Street are the former Herald and
present Post buildings. The Boston Herald, a morning, evening,
and Sunday paper, independent in its political relations, was founded
in 1846. Its present building is on Tremont Street, corner of Mason
Street. The Boston Post, is a Democratic morning paper, founded
by Charles G. Greene, in 1831.
 A TO OR OF THE CITY, 161

School Street and the City Hall.

A few down Washington Street brings us to the corner of
steps
School Street, w^iere stood the Old Corner Bosk Store. [See "Old
Landmarks."] School Street is a short, but crowded, thoroughfare,
running from Washington to Tremont Street. On our right is the
brownstone and brick front of the Niles Block, on the site of the
dwelling of Dr. John Warren, first professor of surgery in Harvard
University, and brother to Dr. Joseph Warren, one of the heroes
killed at Bunker Hill. On the opposite side of the street, where the
School Street Block now stands, was the Hugenot Meeting-House,
built in 1704, and this same meeting-house, in 1788, was transformed
into the first Catholic church. A few steps brings us to the City Hall,
a white granite building, erected in 1865. It is in the Italian Renais-
sance style, crowned by a Louvre dome. Within this building are
the rooms of the mayor, the halls of the board of aldermen and
common council, and other city offices. In the yard, at the left of
the entrance, is a fine bronze portrait statue of Beiijamin Frajiklm,
by Richard S. Greenough. The statue is eight feet high, and stands
on a pedestal of Quincy granite, capped by a block of verd-antique.
On the bronze medallions are represented important events in Frank-
lin's life:

South Face.— The boy in the printing office; with this inscription below:
"Born in Boston, 17 January, 1706; died in Philadelphia, 17 April, 1790."
North Face.— His experiment with the lightning; with this inscription;
''''
Eripuit oeclo fulmen, sceptriimque tyrannis.^^
East Face.— Signing the Declaration of Independence, 4 July, 1776.
West Face.— Treaty of Peace and Independence, 3 September, 1782.
The statue of Josiah Quincy, on the right, is by Thomas Ball.
The figure is heroic, and stands on a pedestal of Italian marble. The
pedestal, which was also designed by Ball, bears the following
inscription:
JosiAH Quincy.
1772-1864.
Massachusetts Senate, 1804.
Congress, 1805-1813.
Judge of Municipal Court, 1822.
Mayor of Boston, 1823-1828.
President of Harvard University, 1829-1845.
This statue was erected with money drav^n from a trust fnnrl
162 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON.
by Jonathan Phillips, who bequeathed to the city
established, in i860,
income from which shall be annually expended to adorn
$20, 000, "the
and embellish the streets and public places."
King's Chapel [see chapter entitled "Old Landmarks"] is next
to the City Hall, while across the street the Parker House [see
remarks on "Hotels" in Chapter I] lifts its marble front and fills in
the block from Chapman Place to Tremont Street.

Scollay Square and Vicinity.

As we turn into the narrow, crowded thoroughfare of Tremont
Street, we notice, on the northeast corner of Beacon and Tremont
great department store of Houghton «& Button. On our
streets, the
right, Chapel and the burying ground, we
after passing King's
come to the new Kimball Building, and, on the corner of Tremont
and Court streets, the brownstone Hemenway Building, mark-
ing the site of an old house in which General Washington
stayed dtinr g his visit to Boston in 1789. Scollay Square, an irreg-
ular triangle, caused by the removal of the old Scollay Building, is
the terminal point of several street-car lines, and contains one of the
principal transfer stations of the Subway. The main feature of
the place ^*s the bronze statue of Governor John Winthrop, by
Richard S. Greenough. The statue was erected in 1880, and
was also paid for out of the Jonathan Phillips fund. It is a
duplicate of that standing in the Capitol at Washington. Winthrop
is represented as just landed in the New World. In his right hand is
the Colony Charter, and in his left the Bible. At his back is shown
a newly cut forest tree, wnth a rope attached, significant of the
fastening of the boat in which he is supposed to have come to the
shore.
Crossing Scollay Square to the entrance of Pemberton Square, we
can see the front of the Coimty Court House, w^hich stretches across
the entire length of the square. It is a massive granite building, in
the German Renaissance style, 450 long, 190 feet in its greatest
width, and 85 feet high. The building incloses four court-yards, which
have an area of 14,632 feet. About these court-yards are grouped the
rooms and corridors. The building covers 65,356 feet. The entrance
for judges and jury are in the rear of the building. The imposing
entrance hall is ornamented by a series of emblematic statues by
Dominga Mora. They represent Law, Justice, Wisdom, Innocence,
 '

~
A TOUR OF THE CITY, 163

and Guilt. George A. Clough was the architect of this building,

which was begun in 1871, and cost $2,500,000.
Let us now walk along Beacon Street to the south. On the east
side of the street is the building of the Boston Athenaeum, nearly
opposite this the Hotel Bellevue, and next beyond this the massive
brownstone Unitarian House. Here are the denominational book
salesrooms, offices and committee rooms of the American Unitarian
Association, the Unitarian Sunday School Society, which compre-
hends the whole country, and the Benevolent Fraternity of Churches;
and on the upper floor, Channing Hall." Congregational House,
containing " Pilgrim Hall," is opposite it.
At the corner of Beacon and Park streets is the Raymond Build
ing, formerly one of the finest houses in the city. It was built, in
1804, by Thomas Amory, and was called ''Amory's Folly," because of
its great size and costliness. It was at a later period divided into
four dwellings. Among the distinguished people who have, at differ-
ent times, been its tenants, were Gov. Christopher Gore, Samuel
Dexter, the great lawyer and statesman, and Edward G. Malbone,
the miniature painter. Lafayette stayed here for two weeks, in 1824, J
as the guest of the city, the house having been rented for this pur- ,

pose by Mayor Quincy. \

The Shaw Monument is immediately opposite this corner, on the

edge of the Common.

'I
Beacon Hill.

The next object to claim our attention is the State House, on

'

the highest point of Beacon Hill. This fine old building is ;;

approached by a broad In the yard, on the

flight of stone steps. :

right, is a bronze statue of Webster, by Hiram Powers; on the

left, one of Horace Mann, by Emma Stebbins. The State House,
with its gilded dome, is visible from, many parts of the city and
harbor. The land on which it stands was Governor Hancock's
cow pasture, and was purchased from his heirs by the town and
 "

A TOUR OF THE CITY. 165

given to the State. The building was designed b}- Bui finch, the
first and one of the greatest of American architects. The corner-
stone was laid by the Free Masons (Paul Revere, Grand Master)
July 4, 1795. It was first occupied by the Legislature in January,
1798. In 1853-56, it was extended northerly to Mount Vernon
Street, and, a few years later, its interior was remodeled. In 1874, it
was extensively repaired, and its dome was gilded, and in 1889,
the State's business having outgrown it, the Legislature authorized
the construction of the ''State House Extension'' in the rear of
the original building.
The extension is of yellow brick, with trimmings of white
marble, simulating the familiar yellow and white of the Colonial
style. Its design was intended to harmonize with that by Bulfinch,
but the result is generally regarded as infelicitous, being severely
criticised as out of scale and weak in effect, though having the
merit of considerable good detail.
The entrance halls of the State House are magnificent apartments
of marble, the interior one, admitting by splendid staircases to the
TvCgislative Halls above being particularly imposing.
The front, or " Doric," hall contains two statues, one of Washing-
ton, by Chan trey, and one of Governor Andrew, by Thomas Ball.
The interior of the extension is pleasant, cheerful, well ven-
tilated, and, for themost part, convenient. It is occupied by the
.

various administrative and executive departments of the common-

wealth, and includes two large and handsome halls that of the —
House of Representatives and the State Library, besides various
legislative committee-rooms, etc. The Senate remains in its
chamber in the old building.
The new Hall of Representatives is a handsome and richly
decorated room, considerably larger than the old hall, but lacking
the stately beauty of the latter, which is one of Bulfinch 's finest
interiors. The acoustic properties of the old hall are perfect, but
those of the former turn out to be very defective.
The decorations of the new hall, by INIr. Frank Hill Smith, are
very handsome. Its amphitheater shape, with domed ceiling,
lends itself well to fine decorative effects. The treatment is in the
Italian Renaissance. Prominent features of the scheme are the
names of fifty-three men, eminent in Massachusetts history,
inscribed on the frieze, beginning with John Carver and ending
166 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON.

with Phillips Brooks; the names of the counties in the stained-

glass skylight, and the symbols of vStatecraft, Law, Commerce,
Science, Industry, the Arts, etc., that occupy panels in the coving
and elsewhere.
Grounds of considerable extent have been taken east of the State
House to form open gardens. These have a fine outlook, and are
adorned by heroic bronze statues of General Joseph Hooker, Governor
Nathaniel P. Banks and Major-General Charles Devens. There is
also a lofty granite column, bearing a great bronze spread eagle,
which is ''to commemorate that train of events which led to the
American Revolution, and finally secured Liberty and Independence
to the United States." It was "erected by the voluntary sub-
scriptions of the citizens of Boston." It is further interesting
from the following facts: ''In 1634 the General Court caused a
beacon [whence the name Beacon Hill and Street] to be placed on
the top of this hill. In 1790 a brick and stone monument, designed
by Charles Bulfinch, replaced the beacon, but was removed in
181 1, when the hill was cut down. It is now reproduced in stone
by the Bunker Hill Monument Association, 1898."
Just beyond the State House, in the fence in front of a modern
brownstone house, is a tablet announcing that here once stood

the Hancock Mansio7i, which, in its day, was one of the finest
mansions in the town. Built, in 1737, by Thomas Hancock, it was
inherited by his nephew, John Hancock. It was taken down, in
1863, to make room for modern improvements.
At the corner of Beacon and Joy streets is the lofty Hotel Tudor,
one of the largest and finest apartment houses in Boston. In its
rear. No. i Joy Street, is the Diocesan House, used by the various
organizations of the Protestant Episcopal Church. The house be-
longs to the Episcopal Church Association.

Through the Common and Public Garden.

Now, letus cross Beacon Street and enter the Common by way of
the Joy Street gate. By taking the path to the right and skirting the
Frog Pond to its western extremity, we shall strike a path leading to
the Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument. [See The Cojujuoji, in Chap-
ter III.] Leaving the Common by the Charles Street gate, and
crossing the street, we are at once in the midst of the beauties of the
Public Garden, [See The Public (harden, in Chapter III.] If wi
(167)
168 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON,

follow themain walk across the bridge to the Arlington Street gate,
we have time to view the beautiful equestrian statue of Wash-
shall
ington, and the fountain and Ether Monument to our right.

Commoiiwealtli Avenue.
We now cross Arlington Street and enter the stately boulevard,
Commonwealth Avenue, with a shady parkway through its center,
and palatial homes lining it on either side. We will follow the shady
central path and, quite near Arlington Street, we pass the granite
statue of Alexander Hamilton, the work of Dr. William Rimmer.
This was the gift to the city of Thomas Lee, the donor of the " Ether
Monument " in the Public Garden. Just beyond Berkeley Street is
the bronze statue of Gen. John Glover, commander of the Marble-
head Marine Regiment in the Continental Army. This is Martin
Milmore's work, and was presented to the city by Benjamin T. Reed.
Crossing Clarendon Street, at the left is the beautiful First Bap-
tist Church, described Chapter VII. On the southeast corner
in
of Dartmouth Street the Vendome, its white marble front
is

extending along the avenue a distance of 240 feet. In front of

the Vendome in the parkway is a broi.ze statue of William Lloyd
Garrison, the great anti-slavery agitator. The statue is the work of
Olin L. Warner of New York. This is one of the best portrait
statues in the city. On one side of the pedestal is cut Garrison's
daring declaration :

I am in earnest; I will not equivocate; I will not excuse; I will

not retreat a single inch; and .1 will be heard."
And on the other side:
" My country is the wwld; my countrymen are all mankind."

Copley Square.
We will now turn back to the corner of Dartmouth Street, and
keep on the right side of that street to Copley Square. On the
corner of Newbury \vc pass the Boston Art Club's home, and opposite,
on our left, the Victoria Hotel, a brick building with crenelated trim-
mings and battlemented top.
Here we catch a glimpse of Copley Square, the center of artistic,
literary, and educational life in Boston. At our right, on the corner
of Boylston and Dartmouth, is the new Old South Church. Faci ng the
square is the chaste and classic front of the new Pubhc Library, with
170 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON.
itsenormous pedestals at either side of the entrance, waiting for
St. Gaudens' groups, and much of the expanse of its pa;le walls
covered richly with the names of the world's greatest men.
On the south side is the old Museum of Fine Arts Building. In
front of Trinity is the new statue of Gaudens,
Phillips Brooks, by St.
and at the east stands Trinity, with its beautiful central tower and
its quiet cloisters. On the north side of the square are the Second
Unitarian Church, Girls' Latin School, and two apartment houses.
A recent writer, in speaking of this most attractive part of the town
says:
'
' Copley Square, at certain hours of the day, presents the aspects
of a new Latin quarter, so conspicuously does the student element
predominate in the throngs that cover its pavements. Here the
currents intermingle and cross, now
tending toward the Massa-
chusetts Institute of Technology, on Boylston Street ('Tech' is the
only name ever given this great scientific school in Boston); now
hurrying toward the Harvard Medical School; now making for the
three busy art schools in the neighborhood those of the Museum —
of Fine Arts, the Massachusetts Normal Art School, the Cowles Art
School; and, eddying aside from the main currents, go the thou-
sands of school-boys and school-girls, bound for the countless public
and private schools of the Back Bay and the South End one build- —
and English High Schools, con-
ing alone, that of the public Latin
taining nearly 2,000 boys, who come to it from all parts of Greater
Boston."
To Cambridge Via Harvard Bridge

And now we will take an electric car going south on Boylston

Street, with " Harvard Square " on end sign, and visit Harvard Col-
lege, in Cambridge, but which, in reality, spreads all over Boston. Our
route is along Boylston Street to Massachusetts Avenue and west-
ward across Harvard Bridge. As we cross Commonwealth Avenue
we catch a fleeting glimpse of Miss Whitney's statue of Leif Ericsson
and the Fens. From the bridge we can look back on our right and
see the houses of the Back Bay region. While speeding along Massa-
chusetts Avenue, we must notice on our right, at the corner of Inman
Street, the City Hall, a gift to the city from a former resident. [See
Cambridge ^ in Chapter II, and Harvard University^ in Chapter VI. ]
In returning to Boston, we take the Bowdoin Square car, which,
starting from Harvard Square, passes along Kirkland, Cambridge,
 A TOUR OF THE CITY, 171

and Bridge streets; Craigie Bridge, which affords a good view of

Charlesbank [see Charlesbank, in Chapter III], Leverett, Causeway,
Portland, and Sudbury streets to Bowdoin Square. Here we will leave
this car and board another, which passes along the famous old Corn-
hill to Adams Square, where Washington Street is entered.
Cliarlestown and Bunker Hill.
The Hanover Street to Haymarket Square; passes
car crosses
through Beverly Street, and then across the broad bridge to Charles-
town. On the right, as we cross the bridge, we have glimpses of the
harbor and shipping, while on our left are the railroad bridges.
Crossing City Square, with the Waverly Hotel on one side, and the
old City Hall of Charlestown ahead, the car runs off on Park Street.
As it Warren Street, the Navy Yard can be seen down a long
enters
street to the right,and just ahead is the Charlestown Soldiers' Monu-
ment, the work of Martin Milmore. Three squares beyond, on look-
ing up Monument Street to the right, and at its head, we see the
granite obelisk of Bunker Hill Monument. [See Charlestown and
Bunker Hill Monument in Chapter H.]
,

Returning by the same route, we shall find ourselves back at the

point from whence we started, having covered much of the territory
and noted many of the points which, from historical or other fame, are
most attractive to visitors.

JOHNSON GATE, CAMBRIDGE

 ;

X.

BOSTON HARBOR AND SEASIDE

RESORTS.

—
The Harbor. The advantages of Boston Harbor have often been
recounted by scientists, and are constantly experienced by those who
go down to the sea in ships. The facihty and safety of its approaches,
the ample width and depth of its entrance, and the shelter and tran-
quility of its roadsteads, are not surpassed by those of any harbor in
the w^orld. Her interior water-space is divided by chains of islands
into basins, which offer sufficient room for 500 ships of the largest
class to ride freely at anchor, and sufficient tranquility for the frailest
pleasure craft. But it is not of these things that the average tourist
will think as he stands on the deck of one of the harbor steamboats
that ply between the city, and the towns, and the resorts that line
the shores on either hand. The surpassing loveliness of the harbor,
its surface dotted with numberless islands of fantastic shape, and its
irregular and picturesque shores, will hold him spell-bound, and for-
getful of scientific data and historical legend.
And Boston has nothing better, in the way of entertainment, to
offer to her guests than a sail on the blue waters of her bay. Most of
the islands have a history w^hich it w^ould be interesting to review,
and those who are tracing resemblances will find amusing the fol-
lowing description by Doctor Shurtleff "Noddle's Island, or East
:

Boston, as it is now called, very much resembles a great polar bear,

with its head north and its feet east. Governor's Island has much
the form of a ham, and Castle Island looks like a shoulder of pork,
both with their shanks at the south. Apple Island was, probably, so
named on account of its shape and Snake Island may be likened to
;

a kidney Deer Island is very like a whale facing Point Shirley

;

(172)
 :

BOSTON HARBOR AND SEASIDE RESORTS, 173

Thompson's Island, a very young unfledged chicken Spectacle

like ;

Island, like a pair of spectacles Long Island, like a high-top mili-

;

tary boot Rainsford's Island, like a mink Moon Island, like a leg
; ;

of venison Gallop's (not Galloupe's), like a leg of mutton Lovell's,

; ;

like a dried salt fish George's, like a fortress as it is

;
Peddock's,
;

like a young sea monster and Half Moon, like the new or the old
;

moon, as you view it from the south or the north. The other small
islands resemble pumpkins, grapes, and nuts, as much as anything;
hence the names of them."
—
Two defunct forts slumber in Boston Harbor Fort Independence,
on Castle Island, and Fort IVinthrop, on Governor s Island. A third.
Fort JVarren, alive and armed with several hundred watchful
eyes, stands guard at the entrance to the harbor, on George's Island.

The Islands.
Castle Island was the island in the country. Here,
first fortified

in 1634, the Colonists erected rude fortifications, which were replaced,

in i7oi,by Castle William, a brick fort. This was burned by the
British when they evacuated Boston in March, 1776. The Provincial
forces then took possession of the island and repaired the fort. In
1797, its name was formally changed to Fort Independence, President
John Adams attending the ceremonies. The island was ceded to
the General Government in 1798. This island was the scene of many
fatal duels in the early da3'S, and a memorial stone of such an event
is still standing, which relates that " near this spot, on the 25th of

Dec, 1817, fell Lieut. Robert F. i\Iassie, aged 21," and bears these
lines
" Here Honor comes, a Pilgrim gray,
To deck the turf, that wraps his clay.'

From 1785 to 1805, it was the place of confinement of pvisoners

sentenced to hard labor, provision that this privi ege should be retained
having been made in the act of cession to the Federal Government.
The present fort was built about the year 1855, and a si'f'.all portion
of the wall of the old castle remains in the rear part of the fortifica-
tion. Castle Island, as we have seen in Chapter III, is now a part of
the public park system, connected with ttie karine Park on South
Boston Point.
Governor's Island, just north o^ Castle Island, was granted to
Governor Winthropin 1632, and was, subsequently confirmed to his
174 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON,
heirs, in 1640 the condition was made that its owner should pay one
bushel of apples to the general court, and one to the Governor, every
winter. The island continued in the sole possession of the Winthrop
family until 1808, when part of it was sold to the Government, for the
purpose of erecting a fort, which was named Fort Warren. This name
was subsequently changed to Fort Winthrop, in honor of the Governor
and the early owners of the island. The uncompleted fortifications
on this island may sleep on forever, for modern warfare, with its far-
reaching bolts, must be waged many miles from this old stronghold.
Thompson's Island, to the south of Castle Island, contains the
Boston Asylum and Farm School for Indigent Boys.
Long
Island is about five miles from the city. It contains 182
acres,and has belonged to the city since 1885. Here area United
States lighthouse and a battery. The city almshouse for female
paupers, which has accommodations for 500 inmates, is on the island,
and other public institutions are to be erected in time. The light-
house, which was built in 1819, is an iron tower 35 feet in height,
and stands on the highest bluff in the harbor The fixed light is 80
feet above the level of the sea, and can be seen, in a clear night,
about fifteen miles. The lantern has nine burners.
—
Nix's Mate. East of Long Island Head is a low, rocky island, on
which stands a solid structure of stone, 12 feet in height and 40 feet
square. All the stones in this piece of masonry are securely fastened
together with copper. L^pon it rests an octagonal pyramid of wood,
20 feet high and painted black. It is supposed that this monument
was erected in the earlier years of the present century, though the
date is not known. Its purpose was to warn vessels of the dangerous
shoals in the harbor. Why the island is called Nix's Mate is uncer-
tain. There is a tradition that the mate of a vessel, of which one
Captain Nix was master, was executed upon the island for killing the
latter. But it was known as "Nix's Island" as long ago as 1636,
before any execution for murder or piracy had taken place in the
Colony, and this would seem to unsettle this theory. It is a part of
the tradition that Nix's mate protested his innocence, and prophesied
that the island would be washed away. If such a prophecy was
made, it has been fulfilled, for the records show that, in 1636, it con-
tained in the neighborhood of twelve acres. There is now not more
than one acre of shoal, and there is not a vestige of soil remaining.
Several pirates have since been hanged there.
 BOSTON HARBOR AND SEASIDE RESORTS. 175

Deer Island, north of Long Island, is where the Houses of Indus-

try and Reformation, the city correctional institutions, are located.
The island contains 182 acres. Deer Island Beacon, the little light-
house off the southern extremity of Deer Island, having been
established in 1890. It is a conical frame tower, in which is a
fixed white light, varied by a red flash every thirty seconds. It is

visible twelve nautical miles.

George's Island, on which Fort Warren is built, lies amid the
currents of the harbor, and commands the main ship channel, Nan-
tasket Roads, and the approach to the harbor. Occupied by the only
United States. garrison in Massachusetts, it is, undoubtedly, the most
interesting spot in the harbor. has not the Puritan traditions of
It
Castle and Governor's days it was thought
islands, for in those early
too far away to be of much interest. The island was claimed as the
property of James Pemberton of Hull, as early as 1622. His pos-
session of it was confirmed, and it was bought, sold, and inherited by
various parties until 1825, when it became the property of the city of
Boston. It is now, of course, under the jurisdiction of the United
States Government. Earthworks were erected on the eastern side
of the island, in 1778, for the protection of the French fleet, com-
manded by Count d' Estaing, then lying in the roadstead, against
the attack of British cruisers. In 1833 work on the present formida-
ble fortress was begun, and it was completed in 1850. The granite
fortress, designed by General Thayer of Braintree, is built in the shape
of a five-pointed star, each point being a bastion. Close to the walls
isa deep ditch, the main work being surrounded by a moat, beyond
which are other works. The six-acre inclosure is entered through a
postern gate, an arch of about five feet in height, opening into another
arched portal. When the Civil War broke out there were no guns
mounted at Fort Warren and no garrison. Governor Andrew, how-
ever, sent the Second Battalion of Massachusetts to the island, can-
non were placed in position, and the deserted fortress became a strong
defense.
During the Civil War Fort Warren was used for confinement for
noted Confederate prisoners. One empty apartment is pointed out
as the residence of Mason and Slidell, the Confederate commissioners
to Great Britain and France, who were taken from a British vessel
bound from Havana to England, and brought here for safe-keeping.
They were well treated and enjoyed life in spite of their confinement.
176 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON,

On the morning of January i, 1S62, the emissaries were escorted,

with their secretaries, to the wharf and took passage to Provincetown,
where they embarked in a British war-vessel and proceeded to Eng-
land. Alexander Stevens, vice-president of the Confederate States,
was also tinder guard here for five months, in 1865. Generals Gault
and Hanson, and Harry Gilmour Major-General Johnson, captured,
;

with his whole division, at Spottsylvania, were also among the dis-
tinguished prisoners.
Since the Civil War, Fort Warren has not slept. The guns bristle
on her battlem^ents to warn off the foreign invader up and down
;

strides the ever -watchful sentinel inside the walls the men are
;

being trained in the tactics of modern warfare. The only guns that
are fired are those to welcom.e his excellency, the Governor of the
Commonwealth, when he visits the post, and at the sunset hour,
when their booming resounds across the waters to the neighboring
shores.
The undergoing changes, to meet the require-
fortifications are
ments of present m^ethods of warfare, and on the northern and east-
ern sides of Fort Warren, those sides that look out on the broad
sweep of the Atlantic, works of solid concrete are being built that
will, when finished and manned with 12-inch guns, make a
defense that will practically intercept the entrance of foreign war-
ships to the harbor. These parapets are to be covered wnth earth,
which, when sodded, will present a beautiful and innocent exterior,
conveying no hint of the smoldering volcano within. In time, the
walls of the southern and western sides will be leveled, to make
way for the newer system, hastened by the events of 1898.
Fort Warren is reached by a trim, little government steamer, which
runs between Boston and the island.
Lovell's Island, lying to the north of George's Island, belongs to
the United States, and is a Government buoy station. It contains
seventy-one acres.
Galloup's Island, to the southwest of Lovell's Island, has belonged
to the city since i860. The main ship channel lies between Lovell's
and Gallop's islands.
Otherislandsbelonging tothecity are: Rainsford's Island, contain-
ing seventeen acres, on which is located one of the city institutions ;

Spectacle Island, containing sixty-one acres Apple Island, contain-

;

ing nine acres, and Moon Island, containing about thirty acres,
 BOSTOy HARBOR AND SEASIDE RESORTS, 177

which was taken, by right of eminent domain, in 1879, constitutes

the point of discharge of the great sewer.
Boston Light is about two miles east of Fort Warren, at the
entrance of the harbor. Brewster's Island, on which it stands, has
been a lighthouse station since 171 5, w^hen the general court of the
Colony ordered one established. During the Revolution the light-
house was several times destroyed and rebuilt. In 1783, it was once
more restored by the State, being built this time of stone, and it has
since been enlarged and improved. It is a second-class revolving
white light, visible sixteen miles at sea. The tower rises 100
feet above the level of the sea, and can be seen at a great distance,
even by day. A heavy fog-horn is also placed here to warn approach-
ing vessels in the foggy \veather, which often prevails.
Bug Light is upon the end of a long, sandy spit stretching out
from Great Brewster Island. It is supported above high water on a
system of iron rods fixed in the rocky ledge, affording no surface for
tne waves to batter and destroy, it is a fixed red light, standing
about thirty feet above the level of the sea. It is visible for about
seven nautical miles.
The Graves Light House marks the entrance to Boston Harbor
from the north. It is the newest light in the Harbor, one of the
finest and most powerful on the coast and thoroughly up to date
in equipment, situated on a very small ledge called "The Graves.**
—
Flashes 2 2.
Seaside Resorts.
Boston isgrandly situated with reference to summer resorts.
Along the rocky coast of Massachusetts, stretching away from
Boston, to the north and the south, in wonderful curves and inden-
tations, including several good harbors, stands a succession of
towns where comfort-seeking Bostonians may dwell during the
warm months, and yet be wnthin an hour's sail or ride from their
places of business. The North Shore and The South Shore, as
they have come to be called, are the natural divisions of this
chapter, which present themselves for consideration.

The North Shore.

By the North Shore is meant the northern coast of what was
formerly called Massachusetts Bay, but which, on modern maps, is
a part of the Atlantic Ocean. It extends from Nahant and
Swampscott, on the southwest, to Gloucester and Cape Ann, oix
the northeast. For the sake of convenience, how^ever, we shall
178 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON,

include under this heading several resorts which lie between Bos-

ton and Nahant.

Winthrop is a beautiful peninsula, with about eight miles of
beach. Summer cottages and boarding-houses abound, and many
of Boston's busy toilers find here a refuge for their families during
the heated term, which is within easy distance of their places of
business. It is reached by the Winthrop branch of the Boston, Revere
Beach & Lynn Railway, and by a steamboat.
Hotels.— Cliff House—$2,
New Winthrop Hotel —$2,
—
Youngs $2,
Revere Beach is a gentle sloping beach of sand, several miles
long, lying between Winthrop and Nahant, and terminating at the
north in Point of Pines. It is now a part of the metropolitan park
system. Sea bathing is safe and pleasant in the light surf. There
are numerous bathing and refreshment houses, and thousands of
Bostonians come hither on every hot summer day to enjoy the
invigorating sea breezes and the sight of the broad expanse of the
ocean. "Wonderland" is a famous amusement resort here. At the
Point of Pines are fine hotels, and society is somewhat less hetero-
gcncous than elsewhere on the beach. The Boston, Revere Beach
& Lynn Railway runs directly along the edge of the beach, affording
passengers charming sea views all along the route.
Hotels.—
—
Russel House $2 to $4.
Washi7igton House — $1 50 to
. $2. 50.

Nahant, the oldest watering place on the North Shore, is a

rocky promontory, stretching out into the sea, nearly at right
angles with the coast from Lynn, to w^hich it is joined by a narrow
line of sand beach, three miles long, traversed by a single road.
It has, for many years, been a favorite resort for old Boston
families, and its popularity has never waned among those who
hav^e once acquired an interest in its territory. The invigorating
coolness of the atmosphere, even on the hottest days; the boldness
and picturesqueness of rock effects, and the illusion of being at
sea, are among the characteristics which never lose their charm.
Along the water's edge, on the eastern side, stands a magnificent
array of cliffs, which, for ruggedness and bold beauty, are not
 BOSTOJV HARBOR AND SEASIDE RESORTS. 179

surpassed by any on the North Shore. Here is the well-known

Pulpit Rock, so named from its shape, to the top of which, in
former days, a venturesome young woman climbed, only to dis-
cover that she had to be lowered by ropes. The old hotel, which
was burned more than thirty years ago, has never been rebuilt.
A successful club, organized within the last few years, is the
social center which tempts cottagers from their comfortable
piazzas. Dwellers at Nahant are distant, by either sea or land,
only an hour from the city. Those who sleep at Nahant can enjoy
a delicious sail to the city by steamboat, which is, for those who
love water, preferable to a heated, dusty railway journey.
At Bass Point, the southwestern point of the peninsula which
constitutes Nahant, is a comfortable restaurant, where well-cooked
meals may be obtained.
Hotels.— Hotel Tudor —
%^ to $5.
Hotel Nahant —
%2. so to $3.

Lynn is a city of 80,000 inhabitants, on a plain between the sea

and a line of rugged porphyritic hills. It is the chief shoemaking
place in the world, and employs in that industry more than 12,000
persons. The once well-known Ocean Street of Lynn should not
be omitted from any itinerary of the North Shore. It is a short,
straight avenue along the sea front, Twenty-five years ago it was
divided into fifteen or twenty beautiful estates, of from one to three
acres in extent, ranged side by side in stately dignity. They fronted
on the avenue, and backed on the full expanse of that portion of
the sea which lies under the lee of Nahant. Under /the influence of
the demand for summer residences, these fine estates have been cut
up into smaller building lots, and traversed by connecting streets.
The old-time mansions have been pulled down, and, while in a few
cases they have been superseded by very elaborate structures, the
majority of the new cottages are of the every-day Queen Anne type.
Ocean Street is largely occupied by the wealthy shoe manufacturers
of Lynn, who live there the year round.

Hotels. — Kir Hand House — $2.

Hotel Seymour— %2 to $3.
Prescott House — $4.
Swampscott is connected with Lynn by a single shore road, which
runs out of Ocean Street. It has, for many years, been a favorite
 —

180 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON,

camping -ground of Boston people who wish to live by the sea with
as little expense and trouble as possible, and, at the same time, be
close to the city. Here are several large hotels and boarding-houses,
and many sea-shore villas, with picturesque rocky points and inter-
vening sandy beaches.
Beach Bluff is a residence community east of Swampscott.
Hotels. Hotel Preston — 13.50 to $4.
Lincoln House — $3 to $4.
Ocean House — $3 to $4.
Marblehead.— This quaint old maritime town, in ancient times
famous for its fishermen and privateers, is now the center of a group
of summer resorts. Marblehead was detached from Salem and
incorporated as an independent town, known as Marble Harbor, on
May 2, 1649. It is, therefore, one of the oldest towns in New England.
It is an interesting town historically and topographically, and its
crooked streets and quaint, inegular houses are a study in them-
selves. It is connected with Lynn and Salem by electric railroads.
Among the historic houses in Marblehead may be mentioned the
large white house, nearly opposite the North Church, where Elbridge
Gerry, a signer of the Declaration of Independence, Governor of
Massachusetts, and Vice-President of the United States, was born.
Col. William R. Lee, of Revolutionary fame, once lived in a house
just north of the Common. The hero, James Mugford, who captured
the British powder ship, once lived in the house on the corner of
Back and Mugford streets. The Lee house, now occupied by two
banks, was built by Col, Jeremiah Lee, in 1776, at a cost of $50,000.
In its day, it was a princely mansion, and is worth a visit now, for
its great halls, its grand staircase, and its carved wainscoting may

still be seen. The home of Flood (Floyd) Ireson was on Washington,

near the head of Franklin Street. The house is still standing. The
oldest building in Marblehead is the old town house, which stands
near the junction of Washington and State streets. It was built in
1727, and its walls have resounded to the eloquence of a Gerry, a
Story, the Lees, the Ormes, and many others.
On high ground rises Abbot Hall, the most important public build-
ing of the present day. It was built, in 1877, from a fund left by
Eienjamin Abbot, a lifelong resident of the town. A magnificent
view is obtained from the tall tower of this building.
Marblehead Neck, which lies just across the harbor, is a penin
 BOSTON HARBOR AND SEASIDE RESORTS. 181

sula one and one-fourth miles in length and about half a mile in
width. It is approached by a narrow isthmus, formed of rocks and
sand washed up by the waves. The ocean side is a bluff, rock-
bound shore. The harbor, on the northwest side, is nearly a half-mii^
wide, and is one of the best yacht harbors on the coast. This fact led
the members cf the Eastern Yacht Clicb to make this their head-
quarters,and they built a club-house here in 1880. The Corinthian
Yacht Club has also a fine club-house on the Neck. Just outside this
snug harbor, where the yachts of to-day contend for silver cups, the
Chesapeake and the Shannon fired deadly broadsides at each other in
the summer of 1813.
The Neck is lined with beach cottages and hotels, and it is second
to no sea-shore resort in the country for picturesqueness of surround-
ings. An interesting electric line runs along the coast.

Hotels. — Crowninshield Hotel (Clifton) — Special.

FolletHouse (Marblehead Neck) — Special.
Nanepashemet Hotel — $3 to |6.
Salem Willows. — The tongue of land stretching out and forming
the northern boundary of Salem Harbor is known as the Willows.
This is a great point of attraction during the summer season, and
every provision is made for the entertainment of the crowds who
visit it, by steamboat or by electric cars.

Beverly is situated on an indenture of the coast, formed by the

harbors of Marblehead and Salem. It was originally a part of
ancient Naumkeag, but was incorporated as an independent town in
1668. The fishing business, once quite extensive, is now insignifi-
cant, and Beverly is an important shoe-manufacturing town. It is at,
and beyond, Beverly that the true grandeur of the North Shore
begins. From here to the northeast, as far as the eye can see, lies a
marvelous coast, with curving beaches, wooded points, and rugged
cliffs, from which you may look out over the blue sea and inhale its

•^ragrance, and, by turning about, find yourself face to face with a

aral landscape of quiet woods and green meadows. A succession of
fine estates follows the shore, and, almost invariably, the houses stand
in the midst of several acres of park-like grounds.
Between Beverly and Gloucester are Pride's Crossing and Bev-
erly Farms, beyond which lies West Manchester, Manchester, and
Magnolia, by which names, for the sake of municipal or railway con-
venience, one strip of shore is distinguished from another.
 — — —

183 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON.

—
Beverly Hotels. Hotel Walter special; Trafton House %2. —
—
Manchester Hotels. Masconomo $4 to $5 AIa?ic/iester House
;
—
I1.5O to |2.
Magnolia Hotels. —
Hesperus Hotel $3; The Blyjiman —
$3; —
— —
Ocean Side $3; Oak Grove Hotel $2.50; The Magnolia $3.50 to —
$6; A born — special.
Gloucester is by the Boston &
thirty-one miles from Boston,
Maine Railway. was settled in 1633, and it has always been the
It
important fishing town of this part of the world. Gloucester is in
close connection, by electric cars, with Eastern Point, Bay View,
Lanesville, and other neighborhoods.
Hotels at Gloucester are: In the city, Surfside, $3 to $5; at East
Gloucester (by electric cars or ferry), Hathorne, Delphine, Harbor
View, Merrill Hall, Fairview Cottage, and others, each $2 to $2.50.
—
Eastern Point. A large number of hotels and cottages will be
found on Eastern Point, which forms the easterly boundary of
Gloucester Harbor. On the ocean side are the delightful summer
rf sorts known as Bass Rocks, and Good Harbor Beach.
Hotels. Bass hock House — $3.
Pavilion Hotel $3. —
The Beachcroft—^^eciSil.

PARAGON PARK
 BOSTON HARBOR AND SEASIDE RES OR TS 18^

The South Shore

The South Shore of Massachusetts Bay presents fewer striking
contrasts than the North Shore, but it abounds in charming scenery
of sea and land, and it is more emphatically given over to the
worship of the summer boarder. From Hingham, around th^
queer little peninsula, on whose extremity stand^ the town of Hull,
to Plymouth, the shore is Hned with boarding-houses, hotels and
summer cottages.

—
Hingham. Has many pleasant drives, with fine views of sea
and harbor. The visitor will be charmed with the old Colonial
houses, and *'The Old Ship" the oldest church edifice in the country,
dating from 1681, and still in use. In the adjacent graveyard are
the statue and tomb of John A. Andrew, the War Governor of
Massachusetts, and the monument of General Lincoln, of Revolu-
tionary fame. Hingham is on the New York, New Haven <& Hart-
ford Railway, which connects with the railroad running north to
Nantasket Beach and Hull.
Hotels. — Lincobi House — $3.
Gushing House — $2.
Hull is a quiet little town, of less than two thousand inhabitants,
standing at the end of the peninsula, which stretches north from
the South Shore, and forms a natural breakwater, which protects
Boston Harbor. Here, on the high hill, which commands a view
of the entire harbor, is the observatory, from w^hich the arrival of
vessels, their names, and the point from which they sailed, are
telegraphed to the Chamber of Commerce in the city. Hull is o!ily
a half -hour from Boston by steamer, and it is the terminus of the
railroad, a branch of the New York, New Haven & Hartford Rail-
way, which runs the entire length of Nantasket Beach, a distance
of five miles. Powerful fortifications were built here in 1898.
The leading hostelry of the place is the Hotel Pemberton — $4.
184 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON
Nantasket Beach is under the supervision of the Massachusetts
Park Commission, which assures protection from the rough element.
Since the Commission assumed control most of the fakir shows
have been thrown out. There are, however, a large pavilion, dance-
hall, roller coaster and other attractions.
The daily band concerts by one of the best bands in the State
is a feature.
Its principal feature is its magnificent bathing beach, the finest
in the State. The bath-house is controlled by the Commission and
is a marvel of cleanliness.
Paragon Park
When one thinks about Paragon Park with its multitude of big
attractions, the first thought is of the Palm Garden, or perhaps it
would be more correct to say that one's first thought is of the Palm
Garden and that suggests Paragon Park. Probably no place on the
New England coast is now more famous for its cuisine, ideal ser-
vice and complete wine list. Surely no place for dining gaily is more
attractive or more perfect in its appointments. Here one may dine
in a garden of palms swayed by ocean breezes, with a view of the beach,
sea and surf on one side, and the bay on the other, while in front
the eye has the full sweep of the park with its gay throngs on the
plaza and the board walk around the lagoon, the grand electric
illumination, the free circus acts, etc. And better than all else the
Palm Garden patrons are regaled with constant music, either from
the band in the band stand, the orchestra in the garden itself, or
the singing of soloists and the quartette. It is the largest dining
room in New England, accommodating nearly a thousand people at
tables of two, four and six, while as many more may be accommo-
dated at the refreshment tables on the broad verandahs which sur-
round the Palm Garden on three sides.
—
YLoX.^i'S^,— Atlantic House $3 to $4.50.
Black Rock House — $2 to $3.
Nantasket House — $2.
Rockland House — $4.

Nantasket is reached by steamer from Row^e's Wharf, eight or ten

times daily, and by the Old Colony division of the New York, New
Haven & Hartford Railway to Hingham, thence by the Nantasket
Beach Railway, now operated by electricity.
Cohasset is twenty miles from Boston by the New York, New
Haven & Hartford Railway. It may be reached from Nantasket by
carriage drive over the beautiful Jerusalem Road, above alluded to.
It has a noble, rocky sea front, and is one of the most picturesque and
romantic spots along the South Shore. A large theatrical colony
have their summer homes here. Off shore is the famous Minot's
 BOSTON HARBOR AND SEASIDE RESORTS. 185

Light, a tall tower of masonry, rising from out the ocean and warn-
ing navigators of the treacherous Cohasset rocks.
Hotels. — Beals House — Special rates.
Bates House — $3.
Cohasset Hotel — $2.
Scituate is a little town of less than 3,000 inhabitants, on the
New York, New Haven & Hartford Railway. Like other places
along the shore, it has picturesque bluffs and beaches, with pleasing
views over the bay and across the little harbor of the port. Near
Greenbush is the estate of a Mr. Worthy, the original of the *OId
Oaken Bucket" place. Samuel Woodworth, the poet, lived here
with his stepfather, Mr. Northey, great-grandfather of the present
owner. In 1817 he wrote the well-known poem, and the well still
gives forth cold and sparkling water.
Hotels.— The $2.50.
Mitchell House — $1.50.
Marshfield, the home of Daniel Webster, is a quiet seaside place
where fishing, yachting, and shooting can be enjoyed to-day as well
as when the great statesman here found relief from public cares and
worries. Of him everything speaks. Hotels bear his name or boast
that he oncemade them his resting-place; and of these, possibly, the
best known is the Brant Rock House where, in the fall, hundreds of
^

wild fowl may be shot from the very windows. The hotel is directly
on the beach, within a few feet of the high-tide line, and in front of
it lies the famous rock.

Hotels. — Brant Rock House—$2.

Churchill House— $2.

Duxbury is a picturesque and delightful old Puritan town, where

the Anglo- American Cable Co7npany has its station. This was orig-
inally the French Atlantic Telegraph Cojnpany. Near the summer
resort of South Duxbury rises the sightly Captain's Hill, crowned by
a lofty round stone tower, erected as a memorial of Miles Standish,
the military leader of the Pilgrim Colony, who lived at the base of the
hill. This was also the home of John Alden, the hero af Longfellow's
beautiful poem Elder William Brewster, and other historical worthies.
;

Hotels. — Brunswick House— $2.

Powder Point House— Special rates.
Miles Standish House— %'^,
186 flANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON.
Plymouth, the resting-place of the Pilgrims, is often called the
Mecca of the United States. It is a quiet little town of 9,000 inhab-
itants, with charming views across its broad and shallow harbor and
out over the broad Atlantic. Back of it are leagues of lake-strewn
forest, "The Adirondacks of Massachusetts," where herds of deer
still linger. Plymouth would be a most desirable summer resort if
there were no historic associations to supplement her superb natural
attractions. As it is, however, the first-named qualifications are
those, mainly, that are widely known and thousands of visitors to her
,

scenes yearly discover that in her woods and shores, her hills, roads,
and magnificent rural situations, and in her glorious blending of land
and ocean scenery, to say nothing of the salubrity of her climate, she
is entitled to claim recognition as one of the finest watering-places in

the country. For the benefit of those persons who think only of
Plymouth Rock," the " Mayflower," and other historic matters,
when visiting this famed town, the following information is pre-
sented: The idea of building a monument to the memory of the Pil-
grim Fathers was early entertained in Plymouth, and became the
definite object of the Pilgrim. Society upon its organization, and,
through the efforts of this sopiety, the National Monument to the Pil-
grims was erected in 1889. The monument grounds are on Cushman
Street, and from them fine views of the harbor, bay, and roadsteads
are to be had; of the " Cowyard," where the "Mayflower" lay at
anchor of Clark's Island, upon which the Pilgrims passed their first
;

Sunday of the Miles Standish Monument, surmounting Captain's

;

Hill, in Duxbury, and of much fine scenery, if the weather be

favorable.
The total height of the monument is 81 feet from the ground to the
top of the head of the statue. Following are some of the dimensions
or this work, said to be the largest and finest piece of granite statuary
in the world Height of the base, 45 feet height of statue, 36 feet.
:
;

The outstretched arm measures, from shoulder to elbow, 10 feet i}^

inches from elbow to tip of finger, 9 feet 9 inches total length of
; ;

arm, 19 feet lOj^ inches. The head measures around at the forehead
13 feet 7 inches. The points of the star in the wreath around the
head are 'just i foot across. The arm, just below the short sleeve,
measures 6 feet 10 inches around below the elbow, 6 feet 2 inches.
;

The wrist is 4 feet around. The length of the finger pointing upward
is 2 feet I inch, and is i foot 8^ inches around. The thumb
 BOSTON HARBOR AND SEASIDE RESORTS. 187

measures i foot 8^ inches around. The circumference of the neck is

9 feet 2 inches, and the nose is i foot 4 inches long. From center
to center of the eyes is i foot 6 inches. The figure is 216 times life-
size.
The plan of the principal pedestal is octagonal, with four small and
four large faces. From the small faces project four buttresses, or
wing pedestals. On the main pedestal stands the figure of Faith,
one foot resting upon Forefathers' Rock, the left hand holding a
Bible; the right, uplifted, pointing to heaven. On each of the four
smaller, or wing, pedestals is a seated figure. They are emblematic
of the principles upon which the Pilgrims proposed to found their
Commonwealth. The first is Morality, holding the Decalogue in her
left and the scroll of Revelation in her right hand. Her look is
upward toward the impersonation of the Spirit of Religion above. In
a niche, on one side of her throne, is a prophet, and in the other one
of the Evangelists. The second of these figures is Law on one side :

Justice, on the other Mercy. The third is Education on one side :

Wisdom, ripe with years; on the other Youth, led by Experience.

The fourth figure is Freedom on one side Peace rests under its pro-
:

tection , on the other Tyranny is overthrown by its powers. Upon

the faces of these projecting pedestals are alto-reliefs, representing
scenes from the history of the Pilgrims —
the Departure from Delft
Haven, the Signing of the Social Compact, the Landing at Plymouth,
and the First Treaty with the Indians.
Returning from the monument grounds to Court Street (the
main street), and passing the head of Old Colony Park, the first
interesting point of visitation is Pilgrim Hall, on the same side of
the street with the park, and distant from it about thirty or forty
rods. Within this hall will be found a museum of Pilgrim me-
morials and curiosities.
A short distance from Pilgrim Hall, still keeping upon Court
Street, the court house occupies a commanding site on the
right, a pretty lawn in front. In this building are to be found
many valuable and curious documents, including the Patent Docu-
ments and Records of the Colony,, the will of Miles Standish, etc.
These will be shown upon application to the Registry of Deeds.
The court house is situated at the base of Burial Hill, on the
north; but, to visit this famous spot, it is better to return to
Court Street and continue the walk southward. At the head of
188 HANDY GUIDE TO BOSTON.
North Street, the name of the main thoroughfare changes from
Court to Main Street, and the course is directly through the busi-
ness section of the town. Main Street soon abuts upon Leyden
Street, the first street laid out by the Pilgrims, and abounding
in their memorials to this day. Arrived at Leyden Street, on the
right, looking westward, is Town Square, and beyond the square
the gravestones of Burial Hill are in full view.
On the left, or eastward, the street runs directly to the water
front, a side street at the brow of the hill, opposite the fcrst house,
winding northerly to Cole's Hill, which overlooks the Rock and
its canopy.
From Burial Hill a series of the finest outlooks imaginable
are afforded, including scenes and localities of greater or less
historic importance; and all the im.mediate neighborhoods are
Here is the site of the ancient
centers of historic associations.
fort, which served as a meeting-house, and toward which the
Pilgrims wended their way with muskets upon shoulder or swords
in place. The graves of Pilgrims are in every part of this
elevated burying ground. Looking outward over the ocean
waters, the course of the " Mayflower," her anchorage, Clark's
Island, the Gurnet, and all the harbor and bay situations con-
nected with Pilgrim adventures are in full view. Landward some
notable localities of Council Fires and Indian Feasts are to be
seen. From Burial Hill standpoints the town lies literally under
one's feet.
Main Street has three streets abutting upon and running at right
angles with it —
North Street, Middle Street, and Leyden Street;
and each of these leads directly to Cole's Hill and the water front,
overlooking the Rock and the shore line. Cole's Hill was the place
of burial of many of the Pilgrims who died during the first winter,
their graves having been carefully concealed, so that the Indians
might not know of them. Here were buried, also, many Indians.
The Rock and the original Landing Place are at the base of this
steep hill, and a few steps brings the visitor from its brow to the
canopy over the Rock. In the War of the Revolution, and in that
which followed from 1812 to 18 15, fortifications were maintained upon
this hill.
As the distances ocean ward are somewhat deceptive to unpracticed
eyes, it may be here noted that from the wate ^ front opposite the
 BOSTON HARBOR AND SEASIDE RESORTS. 189

canopy of the Rock, the distance to Gurnet Light is within a small

fraction of five miles. The length ofPlymouth Beach, which forms
the outer protection of the harbor, from the Manomet Hills to the
extreme point of the beach, is a little more than three and a half
miles. The beach, from head to point, is two and five-eighths miles
in length. When the Pilgrims landed, this beach was largely covered
with forest growth, in which deer and other animals common to the
Plymouth woods to this day roamed.
A ride on the electric railroad, which pursues the line of the water
from Kingston to beyond Hotel Pilgrim, near the base of the Mano-
met Hills, will make available a constant succession of harbor and
bay views, from constantly changing standpoints, and is one of the
best experiences possible to the visitor to the Plymouth locality. If
this ride is supplemented by a drive to some more inland point or
points within a short distance of the shores, the delights of the
Plymouth trip will be indefinitely multiplied. A visit in this way to
Morton Park, one of the finest provisions of its kind; Billington Sea,
South Ponds, or the White Horse neighborhoods, or in almost any
direction along or away from the water front, will richly repay the
trouble and expense in making it, and afford the visitor an apprecia-
tion of the natural beauties and resources of this ancient town.
The Plymouth Steamboat makes one round trip daily from
Rowe's Wharf, passing the forts and islands mentioned elewheres
in this chapter. Outside of Boston Lignt, it turns to the southward,
down the Old Colony Coast, passing Nantasket Beach, Minot's Ledge
Lighthouse, Cohasset, Scituate, Marshfield, and Duxbury.
Plymouth is also reached by the Plymouth division of the New
York, New Haven & Hartford Railway.
Hotels.— //^7/<?/ Pilgrim— %2. so to $3.
—
Samoset House $2.50 to $3.
Plymouth Rock—%i.
 Park Avenue Hotel
Park (4th) Ave., 32nd Sl 33rd Sts., New York
ABSOLUTELY FIREPROOF
EUROPEAN PLAN
$1.30 to $5.00
per day
and upwards
Accessible to all railroads,
ferries, theaters, and depart*
ment stores.
Two mioutes from Grand
Central Station, and five min-
utes* walk from New Pennsyl-
vania Station, 32nd St. and
7ih Ave. Thirty-third Street
and Fourth Avenue Subway
Terminal directly in front of

the door.

Also GRAND UNION HOTEL, Saratoga Springs, N. Y.

OPEN JUNE 24th to SEPTEMBER 15th
FOR RATES AND PARTICULARS UNTIL JUNE 24th ADDRESS
FRED A. REED, Proprietor
THE NEWHOTEL HANOVER
PHILADELPHIA
Arch and Twelfth Streets

European Plan
Rooms without bath
$1.00 per day and up
Rooms with bath
$1.50 per day and up

Running hot and cold water and

telephone in every room

Cuisine and Service

Unexcelled
Table d'Hote Dinner, SOc.
12 to 8 P. M.

One block from Phila. Sl Reading

R. R. Three minutes
Station.
from Penna. R. R. Station
 INDEX.
PAGE
ADAMS, Statue of Samuel
Academy of
158 Burying Ground, Old 80
American Arts Bussey Institution 109
and Sciences 150
Ames Building-.
Ancient and Honorable Artillery
158 p
^ AMBRIDGE . _ 45, 170
Carney Hospital... 143
Company 153 Castle Island f*8, f.73
Annexed Districts 36 Castle Square Theater .
'
86
Apartment Houses 28 Cecilia Society .. 196
Apollo Club. 95 Cemeteries 50
Apple Island 176 Central Burying Ground 84
Arnold Arboretum 65 Central District 32
Art Club, The Boston. 146 Chamber of Commerce . 158
Associated Charities. _ 144 Charities and Hospitals 141
Athletics. _. 97 Charities, Associated 144
Austin & Stone's Museum 90 Charities, Private 144
Charlesbank, The... .62
Charlestown District... 39, 171
BAGGAGE Transfers and De- Chauncy Hall School... 104
livery.. 13 Chestnut Hill Reservoir... 43^
Barnum Museum 92 Christ Church 78
Base Ball. 98 Churches, Protestant 129
Bass Point 179 Churches, Roman Catholic ... 136
Beacon Hill 163 City Hall 161
Beverly _ 191
Clubs, Societies, and Military
Beverly Farms 181
Organizations r45
Boarding and Lodging Houses... 29 Cohasset . 184
Boston Athenaeum _. 92, 123 Columbia Theater. 87
Boston Athletic Association 97 Common, The 54
Boston City Hospital 142 Commonwealth Avenue 168
Boston College.. 104 Concord 49
Boston Light. 177 Congregational Library 95
Boston Medical Library Associa- Copley Square 168
tion 124 Copps Burying Ground
Hill 81
Boston Natural History Museum. 92 Corinthian Yacht Club 181
Boston Normal School _ 102 Cotmtry Club 45
Boston Public Library 116 Court House, The County 162
Boston Symphony Orchestra 96 Custom House ^56
Boston Theater 86
Boston University 103
Botanical Garden 92 DEER Island
Dorchester District
175
Bowdoin Square Theater 86 39
Boylston Club 96
Downer Landing 182
Boys' Latin and English Pligh Duxbury 185
School 99
"17 ASTERN Point
Brewster's Island
Brighton District.
Brookline ...
.
177
43 ^Eastern Yacht Club
Educational Institutions
182
181
44 99
Bug Light 177 Elevated System 15
Bunker Hill 171 Elks, The Benevolent and Protect-
Bunker Hill IMon uinent 40 ive Order of 151
Bunker Hill ]\Iu;>eam 92 Ericsson, Statue of Leif 170
(191)
 INDEX.
PAGE
XpANEUIL Hall 70,93 Lovell's Island. 176
J- Fens, The 62 Lyceum Theater 89
Ferries 18 Lynn.. 46, 179
Fine Arts, Museum of.. 170
Forest Hills Cemetery 152 MAGNOLIA 181
Fort Independence 173 Manchester 143
Fort Warren. 173 Mann, Statue of Horace 163
Fort Winthrop 173 Marblehead. 180
Franklin Park 65 Marblehead Neck 180
Franklin, Statue of Benjamin 161 Marine Park, The 68
Free Masonry 151 Marshfield 185
Furnished Rooms 29 Masonic Temple 151
Massachusetts Charitable Mechan-
GARRISON, Statue of William ic Association 150
Lloyd 168 Massachusetts College of Phar-
General Theological Library 124 macy IT2
George's Island 175 Massachusetts General Hospital.. 141
Girls' Latin and High School loi Massachusetts Historical Museum 93
jloucester 182 Massachusetts Historical Society. 150
Glover, Statue of Gen. John 168 Massachusetts Historical Society
Government Building 155 Library 124
Governor's Island _ 173 Massachusetts Homoeopathic Hos-
Grand Museum.. 87 pital. 142
Grand Opera House 87 Massachusetts Institute of Tech-
Great Brewster Island 177 nology no, 170
Greater Boston 44 Mechanics' Hall 90
Gallop's Island 176 Medford 46
Metropolitan Boston 44
IMilitary Organizations 151
HACKS and Cabs
Handel and Haydn Socieiy
14 Milk Street 155
. 96 Moon Island . . 176
Harbor, The.. 172 Mount Auburn Cemetery 50
Harvard Bridge 170 Museums and Collections 92
Harvard Dental School no Museum (Agassiz) of Compara-
Harvard Medical School ..no, 170 tive Zoology 93
Harvard Musical Association 96 Museum of Fine Arts 126, 170
Harvard University. 104 Music and Musical Societies 95
Hemenway Building 162 Music Hall 89
Hingham , 183
Historic Genealogical CuliectiOij.
Hollis Street Theater ...
Horace Mann School for Deaf
93
87 N AH ANT...
Nantasket Beach
178
184
Mutes T02 Natural History Museum Library 124
Horticultural Hall. __ 89
Navy Yard.. 40
Hospitals. 141
New England Conservatory of
Hotels 21 Music 112
Howard Athenaeum 87 New England Historic Genealog-
Hull 183 ical Society 124, 150
Huntington Hall 87
Newspaper Row 160
Newton 46
>Jix's Mate
JACOB Sleeper Hall 163
Normal Art School
174
113
J Jamaica Park 65
North End 31
North Shore, The. _ 177
KEITH'S New Theater 80
King's Chapel 77
King's Chapel Burying Ground
Krino Grotto Museum and Gar-
80 ODDOldFellows
Corner Book Store, The.
151
77
dens 93 OldGranary Burying Ground ... 83
Old South Meeting House, The... 76
T ECTURES OldSouth Museum, The
^ Leverett Park
124
62 Old State House
94
72
Libraries 995 144 Old State House Collection 94
Long Island 174 Orpheus Mrsical Society q6
 INDEX, 193

PAGE
South Boston
PALACE Theater 90
South Duxbury
_ 37
185
Parks and Squares 54
Park Square Station _ 10 South End 36
Park Theater 90 South Shore 182
Peabody Museum of American Spectacle Island 176
Archaeology and Ethnology... Sports, Field 97
Q4
Pemberton Square 162 State House.. 163
Perkins Institution and Massa- State House Collection 95
chusetts School for the Blind. 113
State Library of Massachusetts... 126
Plymouth 186 State Street _ 159
Plymouth Rock 186 Steamers, Coastwise and River... 12

Pride's Crossing 181 Steamers, Sound 10

Protestant Churches 129
Steamships, Trans- Atlantic 12

Protestant Episcopal Theological Stock Exchange 159

vStreet Car Routes 17
School 1T3
Public Garden 59
Street Car Transfers 19
Public Library 168 Subway, The. 32
Public Park System, The New 61 Sunday in Boston 128
Swampscott 179

QUINCY Market, The 94 THEATERS and other Amuse-

Quincy, Statue of Josiah 161 ments _ 85
Thomas Park
RAILWAY Stations 7 Thompson's Island .
37
174
Rainsford's Island 176
Tremont Temple _ 92
Rapid Transit Service 14 Tremont Theater 90
Religious Org^anizations 130 Turnhalle, The .- 90
Restaurants 27
Revere Beach. 178
TTNION STATION (Northern).. 10
Roman Catholic Churches
Roxbury District, The
136
138
^ Union Station (Southern) 8

John's Boston Ecclesiastical

WARREN
History
Museum of Natural
ST.Seminary.... 95
_. 114 Washington Street I54
Salem _ 46 Washington Street Tunnel 15
Salem Willows 181 Webster. Statue of 163
School Street i6i Wellesley College 114
School of Veterinary Medicine ... no West End, The 35
Schools, Private 114 West Manchester 181
Schools, Public 99 West Roxbury District, The. ... 43
Scituate 144 Winthrop 178
ScoUay Square _.. 162 Winthrop, Statue of John 162
Sears Building ._ 159 Women's Educational and In-
Seaside Resorts 177 dustrial Union 141
Secret Orders _ 151
Social Law Library 126 YOUNG Men's
ciation
Christian Asso-
140
Societies, Scientific and Learned . 150
Societies for Social Improvement 140 Young Men's Christian Union 140
Society of Decorative Art 146 Young Men's Hebrew Association 140
Young Women's Christian Asso-
Soldiers' Monument, Charlestown
Somerville
171
46 ciation —
 he PEMBROKE
116 E. 25th Street
NEW YORK
Between Fourth and Lexington
Avenues

Just ten minutes from any railroad

station or ferry. In the heart of the
shopping and the theatre section.
The Pembroke is a private Amer-

ican Plan Hotel, accommodating

nearly one hundred guests. The
home-like atmosphere is one of
quiet refinement and good taste.

Spacious Parlors, Home Cooking,

Hotel Service, Steam Heat, Tele-
phones, Electric Light.

RATES
Koom aDd Board $2 to $3 Per Day
Room and Board $10 to $20 Per Week
Double Room and Board $25 to $30

HOTEL ARLINGTON 18-20 West 23th Street

near Broadway
EUROPEAN AND AMERICAN PLAN
AMERICAN PLAN
$2.30
Handsomely furnished every convenience a few minutes
; ;

from Pennsylvania Station; very accessible to everything,

EUROPEAN PLAN RATES
ROOMS, Sl.OO TO $2.00. WITH BATH, $2.00 TO $3.00. SUITES, $3.00 TO $5.00

HOTEL BRISTOL 122-124 West 49th Street

Between 6th and 7th Avenues
EUROPEAN AND AMERICAN PLAN
AMERICAN PLAN
$2.30 J^ER DAY UP
Entirely renovated and refurnished. In the centre of the city.
All modes of transportation and all shops and theatres convenient.
EUROPEAN PLAN RATES
ROOMS, $1.00 TO $1.50. WITH BATH, $2.00 TO $3.00. SUITES, $3.00 TO $5.00
Write for Booklet and Map of New York City.
 RAND McNALLY
Photo Auto Guides
SHOW THE BEST ROUTES

Illustration reproduced from Photographic Guide

TELL YOU WHEN TO TURN AND SHOW YOU, TOO

Buffalo to Albany and return S2.00 Cleveland to Buffalo $1.50
Buffalo to Detroit and return 2.00 Chicago to Toledo and return 2.00
Buffalo to New York and return. 2.00 . Cleveland to Buffalo and return 1.60 . .

Buffalo to Saratoga Springs and return 2.50 Cleveland to Detroit and return.. 1.00
Chicago to Buffalo and return 3.00 Detroit to New York and return. 4.00 .

Chicago to Cleveland and return. . 2.50 New York to Chicago 3.00

Chicago to Detroit and return 2.50 New York to Chicago and return. 5.00
Cnicago to Lake Geneva 1.00 New York to Saratoga and return 2.00
Chicago to Milwaukee, Shore Route. . 1.00 New York to Cleveland and return 4.00
Chicago to Milwaukee, new route. 1.00 Syracuse to New York and return 1.50
Chicago to New York 3.00 Saratoga Springs to New York and return. . . 1.50
Chicago to New York and return. 5.00 South Bend to Detroit and return. 2.00
Chicago to Rockford 1.00 South Bend to Indianapolis and return 1.50
Chicago to South Bend 1.00 South Bend to Toledo and Detroit and return 2.00
Chicago to South Bend and return 1.50 Toledo to Cleveland and return. . . 1.50

Any of the above guides mailed postpaid upon receipt of price

Rand McNally 8z: Co

NEW YORK
 RAND, McNALLY & CO.'S
PICTORIAL GUIDE TO

Vrice^ paper coVer, 25 Cents

Including complete descriptions of the

CAPITOL, LIBRARY, CONGRESS, WHITE HOUSE, and aU points of interest.

THE WHITE HOUSE- From Lafayette Square.

Illustrations from recent photographs with maps, plans, etc., pre-

pared especially for the work.

Valuable Information regarding Hotels and Rates

Furnished on Request.

RAND, McNALLY 4 CO., Publishers

40-42 East 22nd St., NEW YORK CITY
 THE HUB OF NEW YORK
GRAND HOTEL AND

BROADWAY
NEW ANNEX
and 31st St. NEW YORK CITY
Near Pennsylvania R.R. TerminaL Also convenient to Grand Central Terminal.
S Most centrally located hotel on Broadway
^ Four beautiful dining rooms
fflThe famous Rathskeller has been greatly
improved
^ Vocal and instrumental music every evening
ffl European plan. ffl400 rooms, 200 baths
SCHEDULE OF RATES
90 rooms, privilege of bath $1.00
80 rooms, with bath 1.50
60 rooms, with bath 2.00
50 rooms, with bath 2.50
—
45 suites parlor, bed room and bath 3.00
For extra person in room 1.00
Write for booklet

SWEENEY-TIERNEY HOTEL COMPANY

E. M. TIERNEY, Managing Director
HOTEL CUMBERLAND
NEW YORK
Broadway at 34th Street

Near 50th Street Subway

Station and 53d Street
Elevated.
"Broadway" Cars from
Grand Central Depot pass
the door.

NEW AND FIREPROOF

Best Hotel Accommoda-
tions in New York at
Reasonable Rates
$2.50 with Batht
and up
EUROPEAN PLAN
All Hardwood Floors and
Oriental Rugs

Ten minutes* walk to

20 Theatres
Excellent Restaurant
Prices Moderate.

Send for Booklet.

HARRY P. STIMSON, Formerly with Hotel Imperial.

Only New York Hotel window-screened throuf^hout.

"Queen of Sea Routes^'
BETWEEN
Boston, Norfolk, Newport News and Baltimore
Boston and Philadelphia
Philadelphia, Savannah and Jacksonville
Providence, Norfolk, Newport News and Baltimore
Baltimore, Savannah and Jacksonville

Merchants & Miners Trans. Go.

STEAMSHIP LINES
Accommodations and cuisine unsurpassed. Send for particulars and
illustrated booklet.

Most direct route to Atlantic City, Old Point, Richmond, Washington,

Florida and Southern points.

THOS. BARBER, Traveling Passenger Agt., Boston, Mass.

C. H. MAYNARD, Agent JAS. BARRY, Agent
Boston, Mass. Providence, R. I.

W. P. TURNER, Passenger Traffic Manager

GENERAL OFFICES, BALTIMORE, MD.

"FINEST COASTWISE TRIPS IN THE WORLD"

HANDY GUIDES
TO

New YorR City

Boston
Philadelphia
Washington
Hudson River and
Catskill Mountains

7*^15 new series of Guides giVes in

Volumes of "handy" size the inform^
aiion generally desired by travelers
seeking healtf:, pleasure, or business,

PRICE OF ELACH GUIDE, 25 CKNTS,

Hotel information and printed matter for any of the
above cities sent on request.

Rand, McNally 4 Co.

CHICAGO NEW YORK
 Is Not Half So Soothing to
Baby as
Mrs.
Winslow's
Soothing
Syrup
As Millions of Mothers
Will Tell You.
It Soothes the Child.
It Softens the Gums.
It Allays all Pain.
It Cures Wind Colic.
It is the Best Remedy for Diarrhoea.
It absolutely harmless and for over sixty years
is has
proved the best remedy for children while teething.
BE SURE YOU ASK FOR
Mrs.Winslow's Soothing Syrup
AND TAKE NO OTHER.
HOTEL EMPIRE
Broadway and Sixty-Third St. .*. New York City

IN THE VERY CENTRE OF EVERYTHING

Restaurant noted for its excellent cooking, efficient service and
moderate cliarges.

Within 5 minutes' walk of all Theatres and Department Stores.

All cars and Sth Avenue motor buses pass the door.
From New Penn. Station walk through 33rd St. to Junction Broadway
and 6th Ave. and take 9th Ave. L train to 66th St. (Empire
one minute walk), or Broadway and Columbus
Ave. surface car to Empire door.
From Grand Central Station take Subway to Columbus Circle (one
minute from Hotel), or car marked "Broadway" direct to Empire.
Send for Guide of New York— Free
40 Rooms, with Detached Bath, $1.00 per day
100 Rooms, with Detached Bath, $1.50 per day
150 Rooms, with Private Bath, $2.00 per day up
75 Rooms, with Dressing room and Bath, $2.25 per day
100 Suites, with Private Bath, $3.50 per day up

Elevated Railway and Subway stations one minute's walk from our door.

W. JOHNSON QUINN, Proprietor

 = WHEN IN NEV/ YORK STOP AT =
OHOTEL (ENTIRELY NEW)
O EARLEO
103-105 WAVERLY PLACE
One Block West of Fifth Avenue and Washington Arch
The location is of the very best in the City. One block from the Sixth Avenue
Elevated, Subway and Hudson Kiver Tunnel; and is in the center of the Shopping
pad Business Districts and within ten minutes ride of all Steamship Landings,
Ferries and Railv/ay Stations.
200 ROOMS AND 100 BATHS AMERICAN AND EUROPEAN PLAN
Room with Private Bath, - - - - - $1.50 per day
for two, ' - - 2.50
" " with Meals, - - - $3.00
" " "
for two, with Meals, 5.00

DAVID H. KNOTT, Proprietor

NEW FREDONIA HOTEL

EUROPEAN
Has been Thoroughly Remodeled and Refurnished at an expense of $50,000.00

100 ROOMS 50 PRIVATE BATHS

Single Room with Bath, per day - $1.50 - - -

Double Room with Bath, per day $2.00 and 3.00 - -

Single Room, Hot and Cold Running Water, per day $ .00 1

Sample Rooms, and Special Attention to

Commercial Men
The NEW FREDONIA HOTEL is one of the most centrally located hotels in

the city, convenient to business center, public buildings and theatres

All Rooms Fitted with Long Distance Telephones and Electric Lights,
the Cafe Being one of the Finest South of New York

W. W. DANENHOWER, 1321-1323 H St., N. W

Managing Director, Washington, D. C.
 THE GRAND HOTEL
OPPOSITE WHITE HOUSE AND U. S. TREASURY
15th ST. AND PENNA. AVE. WASHINGTON, D. C.

MOST CENTRALLY LOCATED HOTLL IN WASHINGTON

RATES
European Plan - - - $1.00 per day and up SPECIAL RATES
American Plan - $2.50 per day and up TO TOURISTS
_E. J. GARDINER, Prop.

THE

NAVARRE HOTELNearest Hotel to Penn. R. R. Station

Seventh Avenue at 38th Street
Short Block from Broadway
NEW YORK
Centre of Everything
350 Rooms 200 Baths
A Room with a Bath for a Dollar and a Half
A Room with a Bath for a Dollar and a Half
Other Rooms with Bath $2.00 and $2.50
Rooms for two persons $2.50 and $3.00

DUTCH GRILL— MUSIC

Finest in town (a la carte)

Send for Colored Map of New York

PLAZA HOTEL Chicago, under the same management
Edgar T. Smith
Managing Director

y2$y2$y$ypApA$y2$y$y$y$y2$y$y2$y2$y2$y$y2
CONTINENTAL HOTEL
EUROPEAN PLAN

Rooms, $1.00 up

Rooms, with Bath, $2.00 up

CHESTNUT AND NINTH STREETS

PHILADELPHIA

Refurnished Throughout

SPECIAL CLUB BREAKFAST

LADIES' RESTAURANT . . .

FRANK KIMBLE, Manager

 NEW BINGHAM HOTEL
11th AND MARKET STREETS PHILADELPHflA

Most centrally located hotel in the city. Directly opposite Reading R. R.

Terminal. Three minutes from Broad Street Station, Pennsylvania R, R,
EUROPEAN PLAN 300 ROOMS $1.50 Upwards
Finest Ladies' and Gentlemen's Restaurant in Philadelphia
Beautiful Roof Garden during warm season.
BINGHAM HOTEL CO. gKK fSJ&M.","""'
Hotel MARTHA WASHINGTON
29th to 30th Streets, Near Fifth Avenue, NEW YORK
EXCLUSIVELY FOR WOMEN
450 Rooms en and single. $ .50 per day and up, European plan.
suite 1 Telephone
in every room. Numerous baths on each floor free to guests. Caters to women
especially traveling or visiting New York alone. Convenient to Surface and Subway
transportation. Cuisine exceptionally good • : Absolutely Fireproof

RESTAURANT FOR LADIES AND GENTLEMEN

A. W. EAGER
NORMANDIE HOTEL
WASHINGTON, D. C. Opposite McPherson Square

Within one square of the Treasury and White

House, contiguous to all points of interest and
located in the most fashionable part of Washington

Rates: European Plan, $1.50 per day and up

American Plan, $3.50 per day and up

P. H, S. CAKE. Manager
 ..

RAND-MCNAI.L.Y
LARGE SCALE

SECTIONAL MAPS
SHOW
All important rivers, creeks, and lakes.
All counties in separate colors, handsomely contrasted.
All county seats in heavy type.
All townships, both cong:ressional and local, with their names
and numbers.
All rans:e and meridian lines.
All sections according to Government survey.
All railroads and important towns.
All other details necessary to make the maps complete.

COMPLETE LIST OF OUR LARGE SCALE

SECTIONAL MAPS.
Paper Cloth In
SECTIONAL MAPS miles Pocket Bnck Back Diamond
to he Map. Wall Wall
1

Map. Map, Case.

iuch.

Arkansas (township numbered, not named) 10 .50 $ 3.00 $ 5.00

California. Southern. _ .50 2.50 4.50
Florida (townships numbered, not named).. .50 $2 00 3.00 5.00
Illinois - --- .50 2.10 3.00 5.00
Indiana (with marginal index) .50 2 00 3 00 5.00
Iowa . .50 2 00 3.00 5.00
Kansas (townships numbered, not named) ..51) 2 00 3 00 5 00
Michigan .5' 2 (0 3 00 5.00
Minnesota . _ 1 5) 2 00 3.00 5.O0
Mississippi - 1 5» 2.00 3 00 5.00
Missouri 1 5'i 2 iO 3 00 5.00
Nebraska _ 1 50 2.00 3.00 5.00
North Dakota (towush'ps numbered, not named) 1 50 3.00 3.00 5.00
Ohio 1 50 2 ^0 3 00 5.00
South Dnkota (towns! ips numbered, not named) 1.50 2.00 3.00 5 00
Washington (town6hi])B uiimben-d, not named). 1.50 2.i0 3 00 5.00
Wisconsin 1.50 2.00 3.00 5.00

We will send these maps by mail or prepaid express to any

address in the United States at prices named.

RAND, McNALLY & CO.,

40-42 E. 22d St., NEW YORK 160-174 Adams St., CHICAGO
 HOTEL ARLINGTON
Michigan Avenue, Near Beach ATLANTIC CITY, N. J.

OENTRE fashionable beach-front Hotel section.

unusually large, comfortable bedrooms, newly
Open surroundings;
painted and papered
throughout. Modern equipment, elevator from street level to all floors.
Rooms en suite with private bath Rooms with hot and cold running water
OPEN ALL YEAR CAPACITY 250
One of the most attractive, moderate priced hotels in the city
Ownership Management R. J. OSBORNE & SON

HOTEL ABSECON ABSOLUTELY FIREPROOF-BRICK BUILDING

Virginia Avenue near

Beach and Steel

Pier

ATLANTIC CITY, N. J.

BEST EQUIPPED
BEST FURNISHED
BEST LOCATED
BEST CONDUCTED
Moderate priced Hotel in Atlantic City
AMERICAN AND EUROPEAN PLAN
Booklet and Rates on application O. D. PAINTER
 CHALFONTE on the Board Walk at
Is a modern building of the best type, located
ATLANTIC CITY
Your patronage is solicited by
THE LEEDS COMPANY.

HADDON
ATLANTIC
HALL CITY, N. J.
Always Open On the Board WalR

Hot and cold sea water in all baths. Hot

and cold running water in many rooms

Leeds 6 Lippincott
Write for booKlet and rates
 The VICTORIA HOTEL
ASBURY PARK, N. J.

An Unobstructed View of beach and bathing grounds

OPEN ALL THE YEAR
Reduced rates until July 1st and after September 1st
Terms and further particulars sent on request

DEVONPORT INN asrury f^rk. j.

DIRECTLY ON THE BEACH
CATERING TO HIGHEST CLASS TRADE HOT AND COLD SEA BATHS
 A nlyg Y'l y A» Beauty Spot of the North Jersey Coast
y-lSuUJy I
lUJf^ Country Meets the Sea.
For Booklet address Municipal Information Bureau, Boardwalk, Asbury Park, N. J.

The LAFAYETTE
ASBURY PARK'S MOST
UP-TO-DATE HOTEL
Accommodates 300. Bachelor
apartments; public shower and needle
baths; rooms ensuite with bath; tel-
ephones in every room; 6,000 square
feet of concrete piazzas; concrete cul-
inary department; Otis electric eleva-
tor; barbershop; hairdresser and man-
icure; master of ceremonies; orchestra;
running iced water. For rates and
further particulars address M. H.
Frost, Owner and Prop.

The Winthrop
Asbury Park's Newest and
Most Modern Hotel.
Under New Management.
Elevator; electric lights; tel-
ephone in every room;
Rooms single or ensuite,
with baths. AMERICAN
AND EUROPEAN
PLAN.
Restaurant a la carte. Meals
at all hours. Special atten-
tion to automobile parties.

Opens May 30. Special June rates, Wriie for Booklet. HENRY T. METZGAR, Prop.

TO MENTION AN ASBURY PARK GARAGE

is to suggest

"ZACHARIAS"
The town is one of the finest along the

Jersey shore while the individual runs the

best garage in the state.

ZACHARIAS GARAGE CO., Main Street, Cor. Sewall, ASBURY PARK, N. J.

GREEN'S HOTEL
Corner Eighth and Chestnut Sts,

Philadelphia, Pa.

for ladies and gentlemen european plan

315 Rooms at $1.00 and $1.50 per Day and Upwards

60 New Rooms with Bath Attached at $2.00 per Day

riNEST RESTAURANT IN ALL MODERN CONVENICNCCS

PHILADELPHIA TELEPHONE IN ROOMS
Table d'Hote Dinner 50 cents, from 1 2 m. to 8 p. m.
MUSIC BY PROFESSOR MEYER'S ORCHESTRA

Eighth and Chestnut Street Trolley Cars pass the Hotel at the
Rate of Three per Minute to all Parts of the City

This hotel is centrally located, and in the very heart of the city, being but
one square from the Postoffice, Strawbridge & Clothier's, Lit Brothers, and op-
posite Gimbel Brothers, and two squares from the historic Independence Hall.
Easy of access to all Theaters, Railway Stations, Public Buildings, and Points of
Interest.

MAHLON W. NEWTON,
Proprietor
STRANGERS Boston will find
visiting
the finest assortment of

^ Souoenirs ^
AT THE
News Stands in the North Station
SOUVENIR GUIDE, ?^'oOKS
jfe^oKS OF VIEWS
POST=CARD€:

LUNCH AT THE
Restaurant in the North S
RECENTLY ^-^-^ \JRNISiA^^>>
:aE.ST OF FOOD E.XCELLE.NTLY COOKED
AND PROMPTLY SE^RVEID

THE G. W. ARMSTRONG
DINING ROOM 4 NEWS COMPANY
PROPRIETORS '
 PITTSBITRG
Fifth Avenue, Opp. Grand Opera House
D. Olmsted, Mana^in^ Proprietor
Bath on Each Floor Free to Guests-50 Private Baths
Stationary Wash Stands, Hot and Cold Water
Absolutely Fire-proof. Steam Heat and Telephone in Every Room

EUROPEAN PLAN

Rooms without h&th

$1.00 and $1.50

Rooms with bath

$1.50 to $3.00

Cafe known for Excel-

lent Cooking

At

MODERATE PRICES

Centrally Located

Cars to all Points

 HOTELS
Write Rand McNally & Co., 40-42 East 22nd St., New
York City, for booklets and printed matter giving rates
on any of the following hotels:

Albany, N. Y. New York City, N. Y.

Stanwix Hall Albert
Bristol
Broadway Central Hotel
Asbury Park, N. J.
Devonport Inn
Bonta
Gardner Chelsea
Victoria Cumberland
Earle
Empire
Atlantic City, N. J
Grand
Absecon Herald Square
Arlington
Imperial
Chalfonte
Marlborough
Galen Hall
Martha Washington
Haddon Hall
(Women only)
Navarre
Pittsburg, Pa, Park Avenue
Antler Pembroke
Raymond
Roanoke, Va.
York
Roanoke Boston, Mass.
Franklin Square
Philadelphia, Pa. (Women Only)
United States
Bingham
Continental
Green's Washington, D. C.
Hanover
Ardmore
Windsor
Fredonia
Grand
Richmond, Va. Lincoln
Jeflierson Normandie
 SiclCllerybus
^%jieuralglc
lieadaches
fe QUICKLY CURED BY

10 CENTS.
CORESAll

HEADACHES.

FOR SALB ON ALL TRAINS

J\fEW YORK CITY GUIDE

Price 25 cents

RAND, McNALLY & CO.

CHICAGO NEW YORK
 —

WINDSOR
ON
HOTEL
STREET FILBERT
Midway between Broad St. Station and Reading Terminal
Rooms> $1.00 per day and up
An Excellent Restaurant
where Good Service Com-
bines with Low Prices

i;^ t;} 0
American Plan $2.50 per day and up

The only MODERATE PRICED HOTEL of REPUTATION

and CONSEQUENCE in

PHILADELPHIA
NE,W HOTEL ALBERT
NEW YORK CITY
Comer University and lltli Sts.
One Block West of Broadway

EUROPEAN PLAN

The only absolutely

fire-proof hotel
below 23d Street
All modern conveniences

400 rooms $1.00 per day up

100 with private batli

$2.00 per day up

^end for Illustrated Booklet and Guide of New York City

Rand McNally & Co.
extend an invitation to

the readers of this guide

to visit their retail stores

40 East 22nd Street, New York City

166 Adams Street, Chicago, 111.

where a full line of maps,

guides, and other publi-
cations are carried, and
where valuable informa-
tion is at the disposal
of our customers.

Rand McNally & Co.

New York Chicago
 Atlantic City Hotels
N. Y. Ave. and Beach THE NETHERL AND Atlantic City. N. J.

RATES— AMERICAN PLAN $2.0044.00 DAILY, $10.00417.50 WEEKLY

Write for booklet givingamusements and points of interest of
Atlantic City and mention this guide

AUGUST RUHWADEL. Proprietor

PHILLIPS HOUSE
Massachusetts Ave.
near Beach
Atlantic City, N. J.

F. B. PHILLIPS
Open all the year

Write Rand McNally & Co. for hotel

rates and descriptive booklets
 The
Cunard Steamship Co. Ltd.!

LUSITANIA MAURETANIA
FASTEST FINEST LARGEST QUADRUPLE SCREW
STEAMERS IN THE WORLD

REGULAR SERVICES
New York to Fishguard and Liverpool
The Most Expeditious Route to London, Paris, Berlin,
Vienna, Etc.

New York to Madeira, Gibraltar, Algiers, Ville-

franche, Genoa, Naples, Alexandria, Trieste,
Fiume, Messina, and Palermo
Boston to Queenstown and Liverpool
Montreal, Quebec or Portland to London

Special Winter Cruises

RIVIERA, ITALY, EGYPT
A La Carte Dining Service Without Extra Cliarge
WRITE FOR SAILINGS AND RATES TO LOCAL AGENTS OR
ANY OF THE FOLLOWING OFFICES
New York 21-24, State Street
Boston, Mass Cunard Building, 128 State Street
Chicago S. E. Corner of Dearborn and Randolph Streets
Minneapolis.. Metropolitan Building
 A QUIET, REFINED HOMELIKE HOTEL TO STOP AT IN NEW YORK

HOTEL SEYMOUR
50 West 45th Street
Half a Block from Fifth Avenue. In the center of
Shopping, Club and Theater Districts

RATES $2.50 PER DAY AND UP

Special Summer Rates June to September
Every room has a bath with outside window

ANDERSON 8l PRICE COMPANY

Proprietors
FREDERICK C. HALL. Maoai^er

Write

Rand McNally & Co.

for

Hotel Rates and Descriptive Booklets

PATENTS
Advice free. Terms reasonable.
THtT PBOTECT HUB PAY
Send for FREE 96-Page Book
Highest references. Best results.
Send sketch or model for FREE examination and opinion.
Recommended Patent Lawyer in the Bankers' Register and Special List of
selected lawyers. Also in Martindale's Law Directory, Sharp and
Alleman's Directory of Lawyers, The Gast-Paul Directory of
Lawyers, and Kime's International Law Directory.
All Business Given Prompt and Proper Attention
The following are extracts from letters I am constantly receiving from
pleased and gratified clients. My booklets contain extracts from
similar letters from all over the United States.
West Coxsackie. N. Y., March 20, 1911
Mr. Watson E. Coleman. Patent Lawyer, Washington, D. C.
Dear Sir: —I received with pleasure your letter containing allowance of my Patent
on Rail Joint. I consider it much credit for an Attorney to take up a case, to secure a
Patent, and secure it in ONE MONTH where other Patent Attorneys failed after work-
ing over the case for fourteen long months. I gladly recommend Attorney Coleman
as an honorable and upright Patent Attorney to any one who may wish to secure a
Patent.
Thanking you again for your quick and manly way of securing my allowance,
I remain, very cordially,
H. W. ScHooNMAKER,West Coxsackie, Green Co., New York
Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, Aug. 9, 1911
Your letter of July 22nd was duly received, together with notice of allowance. To
say that I am delighted to have my patent allowed after two other law firms had failed
on it does not near express my pleasure. I wish to thank you for the faithful and busi-
ness like manner in which you have prosecuted my case and wish you the success you
deserve. Philip J. McCabe, 124 Loomis Street
Eden-Prairie, Minn., April 24, 1911
"Your letter at hand with official notice from the Patent Office showing the allow-
ance of my application. I wish to express my sincere thanks for the way in which you
handled the business from start to finish."
S. F. Wells, Agent, The Minneapolis & St. Louis Railroad Co,

Lebanon, Tennessee, June 9, 1911

have received the Letters Patent for wood sawing machine and thank you very
I
much for your patent and the rapidity with which you pushed this matter through. I
shall take pleasure in referring others to you.
Edward Graham, Manager, Gulf Red Cedar Company
Bradley, Alabama. July 3, 1911
You have handled this case satisfactorily for me and in the most practical way and
I have found you a good and trustworthy attorney in every respect and will take
pleasure in recommending you to others. W. G. Coxwell
Ft. Worth, Texas, July 28, 1911
I have received notice of allowance of my application for patent on turbine wheel
wind engine. I congratulate you on the despatch, with which you, as my attorney
secured this allowance. I was not expecting it so soon. H. E. Giddings
Dellwood, New York, September 11, 1911.
The United States and Canadian patents have been received. This is indeed quick
work and I appreciate it very much. H. J. Wagner
Albert Dakan, Attorney at Law
Longmont, Colorado, September 30, 1911
We wish to compliment you upon catching a mistake of the designer that escaped
us, but by your prompt reply and expert service much trouble was avoided. My
clients believe now that you not only know how but really do "deliver the goods."
Albert Dakan

WATSON E. COLEMAN
Patent Lawyer 622 F St., N. W., Washington, D. C.
Novelty Advertising

brings results. Our Advertising

Novelty Department is prepared to
get up anything special you may
require, and our calendars, blotters,

map-hangers, booklets, and mailing-

cards are all business pullers. Infor-

mation, samples and quotations sent

on request. Our representative in

your locality will be pleased to call.

Rand McNally & Co.

40 East 22d Street, New York City

ADVERTISING DEPARTMENT
SALESMEN WANTED
 \J NEW JERSEY
SUMMER-" WINTER RESORT
HOTEL ORMOND
ASBURY PARK. N. J.

One half block from Ocean

Two doors from Hot and Cold

Sea Baths

Write for special rates during

May, June, July and

September

E. J. DOTY. Proprietor

Write

Hand McNally & Co.

for

Hotel Rates and Descriptive Booklets

Capacity, One Huidred

The Willard
A. F. NEWKIRK, Prop.

One Block from Ocean and Near All

Attractions. Convenient to Hot and Cold
Sea Baths.

208 Second Avenue

Asbury Park, New Jersey
Write for special rates in June, July and
September
 NEW JERSEY
L \J
SUMMER-^" WINTER RESORT M^
^^^^"^
Hotel Park View
One block from ocean on Atlantic Square. Rooms: Single or en suite with bath,
elevator service, capacity 300. Special rates June and September. Evening Dinners.

LLOYD EVANS, Manager

211 Third Avenue THE BRIGHTON Asbuiy Park, N.J.

The Brighton is centrally located on the north side of Third Avenue, one block
and a half from the beach. A good view of the ocean may be had from its broad
verandas. It is wathin five minutes walk of both of the new casinos. Electric cars
pass within a few steps of the house, leading to all psirts of the city and suburbs.
The rooms and halls are light, airy, and well ventilated. House equipped with
modern improvements. Good table and homelike surroundings. Make reserva-

tions early. Hebrews need not apply.

WYANDANK 1902-1910
THE ALLENDORPF 1911
MRS. N. ALLENDORPH

THE SHOREHAM
209 3rd Av. Asbury Park, N.

Situated one block from Beach

Newly remodeled and furnished

Accommodations for 1 75 people

Rates, $ 1 0 per week up. $2-2. 50 per day

MRS. E. J. SQUIRER

SEASON, JUNE TO OCTOBER

THE HOTEL LYNDHURST

2 1 7 SECOND AVENUE, ASBURY PARK, N. J.

Accommodations for 150 guests. $2.00 and $2.50 per day. $10.00 up weekly.
Broadway Central Hotel
NOS. 667 TO 677 ^^'''^^ ^' ^ebb. Prop. .
MIDWAY
>-NE!\A/ YORK
)

CORNER
THIRD STREET. (^^•» iwnr^ji BETWEEN BATTERY
CENTRAL PARK.
AND

Has during the past five years been thoroughly rebuilt and completely reorganized at
an expense of over a quarter of a million dollars, and is perfect in detail and unsurpassed In
comfort and convenience. Recommends itself for its thoroughly careful management, Its
clean, well-kept rooms, admirable table and service, and reasonable charges.
LOCATION ABSOLUTELY UNEQIIALED FOR BUSINESS, SIGHT-SEEING, Ai\D PLEASURE.
All the New Rapid Transit Electric Lines passing the doors, run the entire length
Broadway from the Battery to Central Park, Grand Central R. R. Station, Lenox Avenue,
Harlem Kiver, High Bridge, and Grant's Tomb, paising all the fashionable stores, theatres,
and principal attractions of the city.
GRAND CENTRAL DEPOT PASSENGERS CAN TAKE SUBWAY TRAINS TO BLEECKER STREET,
one block from hotel, or Lexington avenue klectric Cars one block east of the station,
direct to or from the hotel to 42d Street, or Fourth Avenue cars direct to Astor Place or
Boad Street, one block In front.
two lines of elevated RAILROADS: Sixth Avenue Station, Bleecker Street, one
bloc:^ in the rear. Third Avenue Station, Houston Street, two blocks in front.
All cross-town cars transfer at Broadway with the electric lines, taking guests direct
to the hotel.
Passengers arriving by any of the ferries, or either foreign or .coastwise stearaors, can
take any cross-town car, or walk to Broadway and take electric cars direct to the notel or
via the Sixth or Third Avenue Elevated, stopping at Bleecker on Sixth Avenue, and
ttouston Street Station on Third Avenue line, three minutes from hotel.
The Central will be run on both the American and European Plan.
The Regular Tariff of Charges for each person will be
For Boom only. - - - - $1 00, $1.50. and $2.00
For Room and Board, - • - $2.50. $3.00, and $3. 50
For Single Meals, - -- -- -- -
Meals, when taken with rooms, for full day, 50 cents each
75 cents
- . , . Rooms with parlor or bath, extra
Accorolng to size, location, and convenience, and whether occupied by one or morepersooi.
special rates for families or permanent quests.
rOR FULL PARTICULARS, SEND FOR LARGE COLORED MAP
FREE AND OTHER INFORMATION TO
BROADWAY CENTRAL
HOTEL.
NEW YORK
 HOTEL CHELSEA
West Twenty-third Street
NEW YORK

Restaurant a la carte and table d'hote. Club breakfasts.

Absolutely Fireproof, as evidenced by its rate of fire insurance, one-fifth of

one per cent., the lowest of any New York hotel

Rbom, with adjoining bath

Room, with private bath
—
......
Suites Parlor, bedroom and bath
•

.
.

.
.

.
•

•
•

•
$1.50
2.00
3.50
and upward

All Outside Rooms

Three Minutes from New Pennsylvania Station. Ten Minutes from Grand*
Central Station. Nearest hotel to the 23rd Street Railroad Terminals of
Baltimore & Ohio, Lackawanna, Erie, Reading, Central Railroad of N. J., and
to New Chelsea and adjacent piers of the principal Transatlantic Steamship
lines. One minute from Hudson River Tube connecting with railway lines
entering Jersey City and Hoboken and Steamship piers at Hoboken.

COLOURED Map of New York City sent upon application.