RECIPE AUDIT

DOG- PREMIUM – RAW – LAMB GOAT

* For requirement guidelines in commercial recipes AAFCO and FEDIAF are suggested. NRC is suggested when
formulating for individual pets.
MACRONUTRIENTS ANALYSIS

RECIPE - DM RECOMMENDED FOR ADULT HEALTHY DOGS

Water 62.88
Protein 18.49 Currently High protein and high fat. It would be advisable to
Fat 14.27 increase the carbohydrate percentage with 1) complex
Carbohydrates 0.52 carbohydrates for fiber (at least 2 to 2.5% DM) IMPORTANCE of
fiber in food: Mantain gut/microbiome health, prevent
constipations and provide good stool quality. Fiber is specially
important in developing puppies and senior pets. FOR
OVERWEIGHT DOGS fiber plays a hugh role to prevent anxiety,
Fiber 0.29 the recommenden amount is 4% - 5% of DM when feeding fresh
food and formulating for individual pets with NRC GUIDELINE. For
Commercial formulations I usually work with 2.7% - 3% maximum
working well. It does increase the daily portion to feed.

Current caloric distribution:

2) simple carbohydrates for energy sources . The goal: Lower the

fat percentage to at least 10 - 28 - 35% as feed, increasing
carbohidrates works as well as to spare protein from using it for
energy purpose. Also taking to consideration that not all dogs
swithching from Kibble do not tolerate well high fat, high protein
diets and make the recipe senior pets friendly. Carbohydrates are
for energy are specially important as source of energy in puppies,
lactacting and gestating bitches as well as sporting dogs

MICRONUTRIENTS ANALYSIS

For puppies AAFCO recomends 1.25:1 as safer for puppies (Considering fast growing b
puppies (great dane)). Also as a renoprotective measure for senior pets. I would recomme
Ca:P ratio: 1.2
keeping Ca higher than 200% for adults, take into account that if higher % of Ca is used Zin
be higher (There should be a distance of 25% at least)

ZN: Cu Ratio: 8.25 Zinc should be increased to reach a ratio 9.5:1 or 10.5:1 (Ideal supplement sources Zinc pico
zinc gluconate)
 Iodine Iodine should be kept close to the required minimum (Not over pass by 150%)

Sodium Sodium is higher than it should be (Not senior pet friendly) suggested diminishing sea salt

Phosphorous

Due to the higher fat content there should be a supplement of vitamine E (Ideally d-al
tocopherol with mix tocopherols). The current vitamine E on the recipe meets the AAFCO g
Vitamine E
but it needs to be increased taking into account the level of PUFAs and if it there is freezing
for storage. CONSIDER: 10 IU/6.7mg of Vitamin E per gram of PUFA + Metabolic require

*Note: Vitamine E on weath germ oil or other oils should not be counted into the daily requieremnt
is high in PUFAs. An additional supplement with just vitamine E is recommended.

For healthy dogs and puppies i do not recommended to go above 350% of RA of vitamine
above 500% on of RA of retinol for the . I would advice supplementing this separately for
Vitamine A and D
reliying on COD LIVER FISH OIL as it provides both vitamine A and D not allowing to manipu
to the required % without interfering with EPA and DHA

Vitamine B complex Should take into consideration if freezing is involved. Going 200% or more above RA
ould be advisable to
with 1) complex
DM) IMPORTANCE of
e health, prevent
lity. Fiber is specially
senior pets. FOR
e to prevent anxiety,
M when feeding fresh
th NRC GUIDELINE. For
th 2.7% - 3% maximum
y portion to feed.

s . The goal: Lower the

as feed, increasing
otein from using it for
ion that not all dogs
l high fat, high protein
dly. Carbohydrates are
e of energy in puppies,
l as sporting dogs

onsidering fast growing breed

or pets. I would recommend not
higher % of Ca is used Zinc should
5% at least)

plement sources Zinc picolinate or

ss by 150%)

ted diminishing sea salt

of vitamine E (Ideally d-alpha

ecipe meets the AAFCO guidelines
and if it there is freezing involved
UFA + Metabolic requirement

d into the daily requieremnt as this oil

ine E is recommended.

e 350% of RA of vitamine D and

enting this separately form. Not
D not allowing to manipulate both
PA and DHA

g 200% or more above RA.

 RECIPE AUDIT

DOG- PREMIUM – RAW – PORK & DUCK

* For requirement guidelines in commercial recipes AAFCO and FEDIAF are suggested. NRC is suggested when
MACRONUTRIENTS ANALYSIS
RECIPE - DM RECOMMENDED FOR ADULT HEALTHY DOGS
Water - AS FED 62.88
Protein 48.1 Currently High protein and high fat. It would be advisab
Fat 39.12 increase the carbohydrate percentage with both comp
Carbohydrates 2.83 carbohydrates for fiber (at least 2 to 2.5% DM) IMPORTA
fiber in food: Mantain gut/microbiome health, preve
constipations and provide good stool quality. Fiber is spe
important in developing puppies and senior pets. As we
sporting dogs. FOR OVERWEIGHT DOGS fiber plays a hugh
prevent anxiety, the recommenden amount is 4% - 5% of D
Fiber 0.69
feeding fresh food and formulating for individual pets wi
GUIDELINE. For Commercial formulations I usually work wi
3% maximum working well. It does increase the daily por
feed.

Current caloric distribution:

Same advice on the note of carbohydrates.

MICRONUTRIENTS ANALYSIS

Same advice as in analisys 1 + Take into consideration that AAFCO LIMIT FOR Ca
Ca:P ratio: 1.2
are 1.8% and 1.6% DM

ZN: Cu Ratio: 8.75 Zinc should be increased to reach a ratio 9.5:1 or 10.5:1

Iodine should be kept close to the required minimum (Not over pass by 200%) cu
Iodine
408% above the RA

Sodium Sodium is higher than it should be (Not senior pet friendly keep below 150% for
allstages) suggested diminishing sea salt

Same advice, to take into account the PUFAs. Current amount covers AAFCOO s
Vitamine E
bus still needs to be increased
 In this recipe VITAMINE A is slightly obove 500% of the RA and Vitamine D is o
Vitamine A and D
which is a safe margin

Vitamine B complex Should take into consideration if freezing is involved. Going 200% or more abo
Specially observation for B12

Protein profile is well distributed. I recommed to lower fat to 11 - 12 % as fed

Protein and fats DM. High fat diet can be a problem for overweight dogs, for breeds predisposed
problems and pets swithching directly from kibble
ADULT HEALTHY DOGS

gh fat. It would be advisable to

ercentage with both complex
2 to 2.5% DM) IMPORTANCE of
microbiome health, prevent
d stool quality. Fiber is specially
ies and senior pets. As well as
T DOGS fiber plays a hughe role to
en amount is 4% - 5% of DM when
ting for individual pets with NRC
ulations I usually work with 2.7% -
oes increase the daily portion to
ed.

hat AAFCO LIMIT FOR Ca and P

Not over pass by 200%) currently

ndly keep below 150% for AAFCO

amount covers AAFCOO standard

ased
he RA and Vitamine D is on 155%
n

. Going 200% or more above RA.

B12

er fat to 11 - 12 % as fed or 26%

gs, for breeds predisposed to liver
tly from kibble
 RECIPE AUDIT

CAT- VALUE – RAW – LAMB & TURKEY

MACRONUTRIENTS ANALYSIS
RECIPE - DM RECOMMENDED FOR ADULT HEALTHY DOGS
Protein and fot contect are on the advisable proportion. I still would
Protein 48.6
suggest adding fibre to maintain good intestinal health. Ideally
Fat 33.94
balancing soluble and insoluble fiber. I would suggest to lower
Carbohydrates 3.67
hemp seed percentage as it is increasing fat and other sources of
Fiber 1.81 fiber such as vegetables or fruit would work better

Ideal carbohydrate conten should be around

3 - 5%, fibre being at leat 2 to 2.5%, using
whole foods ideally (there are benefits of
phytonutrients.)High fat recipe will make
smaller daily portions which predispose pets
to gain weight.

MICRONUTRIENTS ANALYSIS
Calcium: for growth it is currently at 122% from RA, for adults it is at 202% from RA. I
would suggest to lower to 105% in grow in order to not exceed the adult requierement.
Ca:P ratio: Phosporous as well as it is currently at . 232% for adult profile (High P is not renoprotective
for senior cats). Keeping the same ratio as now

ZN: Cu Ratio: The ratio is whitin the normal margins for this recipe

Iodine should be kept close to the required minimum (Not over pass by 150%) currently
225% above the RA which is high. Consider most databases do not account for Iodine in
Iodine
foods so this recipe might already contain more Iodine than states thus meeting more than
150% would be excessive.

Sodium is higher than it should be (Not senior pet friendly keep below 150% for AAFCO
Sodium
allstages) suggested diminishing sea salt

The vitamin E supplement supplies enough of the nutrient to meet the base requirement
Vitamine E of 10 mg/1000 kcal. However, the recipe has a high PUFA content and additional vitamin E
is needed to compensate for that
 In this recipe VITAMINE A is slightly obove 500% of the RA. For Cats I would keep it under
Vitamine A
500% as well.

Vitamine B complex Consider keeping the vitamine value above 150% specially if frozen for long periods.
Special attention for Thiamine which is currently at 112% from RA

The protein profile is correct for cats both developing kittens and adult cats. When adding
fiber make sure to control the aminoacid line up. Fat: the OMEGA 6:3 ratio is correct, I
Protein and fats
would suggest to not go beyond 5:1 (therapeutic levels of omega 3 when they are not
needed can influence its platelets alteration)
ADULT HEALTHY DOGS
advisable proportion. I still would
n good intestinal health. Ideally
e fiber. I would suggest to lower
creasing fat and other sources of
or fruit would work better

dults it is at 202% from RA. I

xceed the adult requierement.
ofile (High P is not renoprotective

ot over pass by 150%) currently

es do not account for Iodine in
an states thus meeting more than

ly keep below 150% for AAFCO

nt to meet the base requirement

content and additional vitamin E
RA. For Cats I would keep it under

cially if frozen for long periods.

ently at 112% from RA

tens and adult cats. When adding

he OMEGA 6:3 ratio is correct, I
s of omega 3 when they are not
alteration)
 RECIPE AUDIT

CAT- Premium – RAW – Rabbit and Duck

MACRONUTRIENTS ANALYSIS
RECIPE - DM RECOMMENDED FOR ADULT HEALTHY DOGS

Protein 58.15 In this recipe both fat and proteins are in the correct distribution for
Fat 25.28 macronutrients. I would still recommend the inclusion of fiber, not
Carbohydrates 3.38 relying only on the fiber from hemp seeds. Ingredients comonly
used in cat recipes are: pumpking, sweet potatoe, spinach, blue
Fiber 0.6 berries, cauliflower among other.

MICRONUTRIENTS ANALYSIS

Calcium on this recipe falls above AAFCO requirements but it is too high for the adult Cats,
Ca:P ratio: posing risk to the absorbtion of Zn. Suggestions to increse Zn or lower Ca to be closer tu
the RA

ZN: Cu Ratio: The current ratio is 8.9:1 . I would recommend increasing to 9.5:1 or 10:1 in order to allow
proper absorbtion

Iodine Ideally lower currently 190% above the RA which is high.

Sodium is higher than it should be (Not senior pet friendly keep below 150% for growth
Sodium
AAFCO guideline) current percentage is 607% above the minimum.

Take into account PUFAs as well. Ideally change to a supplement that contains only
Vitamine E Vitamine E idally liquid for with mix tocopherols, the current supplements is increasing fat
unecsesarily.

Vitamine A Vitamine A is in the ideal amount

Vitamine B complex Vitamines are well above 150% RA

This recipe covers AAFCO requirements. I made some suggestions to prevent minerals
Final remarks interactions, excess and fiber to maintain gut health. Whith those changes in mind it is
correcto for all stages healthy pets.
 Ingredient Bioavailability

Low bioavailability for mangane. Seeds should not be used to rely on minerals goals as
HEMP SEEDS
both bioavailability is low or unknown and due to the high amount it is needed it might

This ingredient best contribution it to fat and energy to the diet. It should not be used as
WHEAT GERM OIL vitamine E supplement. The vitamine E it cointains contribute mostly on stabilizing the oil
(it is high in PUFAs)

This ingredient could be replaced. If the purpose is for Sodium, this mineral can be reached
Sea salt
without it.

GROWTH RECOMMENDATIONS

* The rate at which pupies should be weighted ideally is every 2 weeks until 6 months and every month thereafter. Useful
tools: Whaltham growth charts.

* It is important to make clear that the calories need to be changed as the puppies grow therefore the food
should be increased. The rate of growth its directly linked to the dogs breed size.

RECOMENDEN GENERAL ENERGY FACTOR CALCULATION:

1. RER x 3 (unitl reaching 50% of adult BW) or (80% of adult BW)
2. kcal/BWkg0.75 x 210 (unitl reaching 50% of adult BW) or 175 (80% of adult BW)

* Lactacting or gestating bitchs should also be considered in feeding chart

OVERWEIGHT CONTROL

* The formulations reviewed as they are might cause trouble for pets due to its high fat content. Making smaller daily
portions and diluting the mineral and vitamins at small serving per day. The addition of fiber is highly recommended for both
dogs and cats. Carbohidrates for energy is also recomended for dogs in order to lower fat content.

* Overweight calorie count should not be less than 60% of their energy need. The rate of weightloss should not be above 2%
of BW per week

*My weight in schedule is for the firs 2 months every 2 weeks, to be able to correct the caloric intake. Afterward the weight in
is 1 time per month.
 FINAL RECIPE REMARKS

The recipes reviewed fall above the AAFCO minimum nutrients requierements. Even so, I would highly recommend to make
changes to the macronutrients distributions, currently both dog recipes are high fat and high protein, the inclusion of
carbohydrates for both dog recipes in the form of fiber and some simple carbohidrate (sweet potatoe, potatoe, quinoa,
brown rice) wold be beneficial for both reducing the fat percentage therefore lowering the food density (High energy density
food increase risk of overweight pets) and for mantaining gut health . Currently there are no absolute dietary requirements
for this macronutrient but its use in fresh food have been proven beneficial in the sense of lowering the fat percentage and
sparing the use of protein for energy requirements. By adding at least 15 - 20% DM carbohydrate the recipe is safe for
growth, gestatin and lactating and adult dogs switching for kibble. And 2.5 - 2.7% of fiber in the form of vegetables or fruits,
this specially if weightloss plans are meant to be managed with this recipe.

For the cat recipe on the other hand simple carbohydrates or carbohydrate used for energy purpose are not required, still
increasing carbohydrates to 4%. What I would recommend would be adding fiber to the diet in the form of vegetables and
sweet potatoe.

Finally on some nutrients I´ve made observations as excessive amount on the recipe might impose risk fed long term
Current recipes without the suggested changes might impose risk to: Renal patiens, dogs and cat with liver damage and with
altered lipid metabolism, pacreatic patients, pets with struvite uroliths or purines, inmunocompromised dogs (due to raw
food).
used to rely on minerals goals as
igh amount it is needed it might

the diet. It should not be used as

ibute mostly on stabilizing the oil

dium, this mineral can be reached

very month thereafter. Useful

therefore the food

d size.

art

content. Making smaller daily

r is highly recommended for both
to lower fat content.

eightloss should not be above 2%

ric intake. Afterward the weight in

would highly recommend to make
high protein, the inclusion of
weet potatoe, potatoe, quinoa,
food density (High energy density
no absolute dietary requirements
lowering the fat percentage and
bohydrate the recipe is safe for
n the form of vegetables or fruits,
is recipe.

gy purpose are not required, still

iet in the form of vegetables and

ght impose risk fed long term

nd cat with liver damage and with
ocompromised dogs (due to raw
 ARTHRITIS / DJD & JOINT DYSPLASIA
For this pathology diet makes a hugh role in order to prevent further damage and reduce
inflamation. Still it does not replace medical treatment

To take into consideration:

Dogs and cats best way to prevent early set on of this joint problems need to be on their
ideal weight. Excess weight should be the first thing addressed on pets showing signs of
arthritis and joint disease, specially in breeds with high risk of developing orthopedic issues.

For puppies the ideal method of prevention of hip dysplasia is healthy weight while growing
up (BCS 4/9) and complete diet. The recipes reviewed above cover the requiered nutrients
for healthy development, taking into account the recommendations made in each recipe.

Important nutrients to take into account:

Well balanced diet This is the pilar of nutritional management for orthopedic diseases
For growing puppies at least 100mg/kg dm is recommended - This
Zinc
recipe covers it
Check that te sources of Mn poses high bioavailability (animal,
Manganese
seafood or some cereals. No seeds sources for this nutrient)

400 UI/KG DM is recommended in dogs, 500UI/KG DM in cats - For

Vitamine E this recipes: Vitamin E needs to be increased and adding ingredients
as source of vitamine C

EPA 0.4 - 1.1% and total omega 3 to 3.5 - 4% for therapeutic

purpose. The ratio of omega 6:3 should be kept less than 1:1 - For
Omega 3
the recipes: lowering seed oils and vegetable oils will help lower
the ratio

NUTRACEUTICALS The use of L-Carnitine, Glucosamine, Condrotine are recommended

for artritis. This are usually given on individual prescriptions

Coment: I would considered current recipes able for prevention

DERMATITIS
Dermatitis include a broad spectrum of diseases where some are diet responsive and others
are not. For the purpose of this review I describe the most important nutrients that play a
role on the skin and fur health
 When talking about intolerances protein plays a hugh role.
PROTEIN Providing NOVEL protein is ideal, monoprotein diets are
recommended.
Abvoid deficiencies: 100 - 200mg/kg DM for dogs / 50 - 150mg/kg
ZINC DM for cats. EXCESS ZINC WOULD BE HIGHER THAN 1,000mg/kg of
DM is contraindicated.

ZN:CU Keep ratio 10:1

OMEGA 6:1 ratio Keep a ratio below 4:1

Coment: I would considered current recipes able for patient with dermatitis. For patiens
with intolerance the variety of meat sources in each recipe might cause dificulty on
elimination trials.

IBD
Dietary management for IBD patients main purpose is to promote antiinflamation,
regeneration of mucosal lining and intestinal microbiome and prevent
malabsortion. Consider altered digestion rate in IBD dogs, most don’t tolerate well
high fat diets or high protein diets as it is a complex process for its digestion, in this
sense carbohydrates play a big role to reach requiered energy levels.

Maximum recommended 5% DM . Fiber from vegetable or fruit

FIBRE
sources are a great source of prebiotics

Digstive enzymes
The addition of pancreas is a great source of natural active enzymes

B12

ZINC

MAGNESIUM

MANGANESE

OMEGA 3
 Coment: Current recipes are to high in fat in order to provide aid for IBD patients. Also
IBD in acute stages are inmuno compromised where raw food might predispose them to
infecctions (this does not ocurr in dogs with healthy GI or dogs with controlled IBD)

ANEMIA