Chapter 11-Simple machines
I. Keywords
1. machine 10. screw
2. scissors 11. fulcrum
3. effort 12. see-saw.
4. force 13. trolley
5. lever 14. wheelbarrow
6. inclined plane 15. slope
7. wedge 16. escalators
8. axle 17. doorknob
9. pulley 18. steering wheel
II. Answer the following.
1. Define the term simple machine.
Ans. A simple machine is a mechanical device that makes work easier
by changing the direction or amount of force applied.
2. Describe a pulley. Which type of pulley does a crane use?
Ans. A pulley is a simple machine made with a rope or chain wrapped
around a wheel. It changes the direction of force and thus makes it easier
to lift things to some height or bring down heavy objects.
A crane has a fixed and movable pulley. The fixed pulley is attached to
the point whereas the movable pulley has the load attached.
3. What is a screw? Give example.
Ans. A screw is a simple machine that consists of an inclined plane
wrapped around a cylinder. Screws hold things together and are used in
our daily lives. For example, the jars, bottles, and their lids are
considered screws.
4. How does an inclined plane act as a simple machine? Explain
Ans. An inclined plane is like a slanted surface or ramp that helps us
move objects up or down with less effort. Instead of lifting something
straight up, we can slide it along the slope, making the task easier. Thus,
it is a simple machine.
5. What is a lever? Show a schematic representation of class I, class II, and
class III lever. Give examples.
Ans. A lever is a simple machine. It consists of a rigid rod that can turn
around a fixed point or a support called the fulcrum. There are three
types of levers according to the position of the applied force(effort), the
load, and the fulcrum.
a. Class I Lever – In a first-class lever, the fulcrum is between the load
and effort. Example - See-saw, scissors.
b. Class II Lever - In a second-class lever, the load is between the
fulcrum and the effort. Example- nutcrackers, wheelbarrow
c. Class III Lever – In the third – class lever, effort is between the
fulcrum and load. Example - broom, hammer, tongs
III. Think and answer.
1. Pencil sharpeners are considered as simple machines. Justify.
(your own answer)
