Volume 8, Issue 11, November 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165

Effect of Liquid Organic Bio-Fertilizer

on Morphological Growth and Productivity
of Five Black Ginger Accessions
(Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb.)
I F Azizah1 , Ngatinem Ngatinem2 , Rusmanto3 , Agus Himawan S.4
1,2,3,4
National Agency for Research and Innovation BRIN,
Indonesia

Abstract:- Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. or black ginger is I. INTRODUCTION

widely distributed in Southeast Asia has a local name
ginger erang ginger black is used as a traditional Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. or black ginger is widely
medicine because it contains bioactive compounds such distributed in Southeast Asia has a local name ginger erang
as saponins, flavonoids, polyphenols, triterpenoids, and ginger black is used as a traditional medicine because it
glucans (Sweetymol and Thomas, 2014; Kitamura et al., contains bioactive compounds such as saponins, flavonoids,
2007). Black ginger rhizome is used for digging herbs polyphenols, triterpenoids, and glucans (Sweetymol and
and anti-rheumatic or inflammatory (Reanmongkol et Thomas, 2014; Kitamura et al., 2007). Black ginger rhizome
al., 2006), skin diseases (Djauharia and Sufiani, 2007), is used for digging herbs and anti-rheumatic or inflammatory
cough and asthma (Nasrullah et al., 2010), anti-microbial (Reanmongkol et al., 2006), skin diseases (Djauharia and
(Angel et al., 2012), anti-fungal (Srivastava et al., 2006), Sufiani, 2007), cough and asthma (Nasrullah et al., 2010),
and anti- oxidant (Nurcholis et al., 2015). The production anti-microbial (Angel et al., 2012), anti-fungal (Srivastava
and productivity of black ginger in Indonesia are still et al., 2006), and anti-oxidant (Nurcholis et al., 2015). The
relatively low when compared to other leading production and productivity of black ginger in Indonesia are
biopharmaca commodities such as ginger. The purpose still relatively low when compared to other leading
of this research activity is the use of liquid organic biopharmaceutical commodities such asginger.
fertilizer on five accessions of black ginger will affect
Black ginger (Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb.) is a
morphology and production as medicinal raw materials
(BBOT). The research was conducted with a randomized perennial and rhizome terna plant, growing in the open or
group design (RAK) experiment with 2 factors. The first under stands of trees in tropical forests. This plant is
factor is liquid organic fertilizer and non-liquid organic included in the Zingiberaceae tribe (Heyne, 1950).
fertilizer. The second factor of black ginger accession Traditionally black ginger rhizome is used as a medicine for
consists of 5 accessions, namely Yukum Jaya accession stomach pain, cough, asthma, rheumatism, against obesity
(TI.13), Bondowoso accession (TI.14), Ciamis accession and helminthiasis. Preclinical evaluation shows that black
(TI.15), Pangandaran accession (TI.16) and Pasuruan ginger rhizome extract has hepatoprotective, anthelmintic,
accession (TI.17) with 3 repetitions. The parameters analgesic (Reanmongkol, 2006) and antibacterial activities.
observed were plant height, stem diameter and number The chemical content of black ginger rhizomes is
of leaves. Morphological parameters observed include characterized by a group of essential oil compounds,
rhizome harvest weight is the weight of the rhizome phenolic compounds, including is of lavonoids, and glucans.
measured at harvest, rhizome wet weight, fleshy root The identity compound of black ginger rhizome simplisia is
weight, number of rhizome propagules. All data were the essential oil component of the sesquiterpene group,
analyzed by analysis of variance and further test using kurzerenon.
Duncan test (P < 0.05). This study found that the use of Chemical-physical/pharmaceutical and
LOB can increase production since the vegetative period pharmacological quality medicinal raw materials that are
for the formation of leaves and stems as well as for the consistent, obtained from certainty of plant identity,
development and growth of plants that can be seen in uniformity of plant material sources, controlled cultivation
plant morphology in the results of accessions Yukum and post-harvest processes. Relatively uniform medicinal
Jaya, Ciamis and Bondowoso. In addition, rhizome plant materials can be obtained from medicinal plant
weight using LOB can reach 2,162.11 for industries/research institutions that have carried out
Ciamisaccession. controlled cultivation. However, such industries do not
Keywords:- Biofertilizer, LOB, Accession, Black Ginger, produce all types of medicinal plants. Therefore, it is also
Morphology, Productivity. necessary to make efforts to produce controlled plant raw
materials. Plant growth and production are strongly
influenced by soil properties and the availability of plant
nutrients. Soil that is planted continuously without paying
attention to soil conditions can cause the availability of
nutrients to decrease, if this situation is allowed to continue

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Volume 8, Issue 11, November 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
to cause plants to lack nutrients so that growth is disrupted IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
(Kriswantoro, et al,2016).
Observation of Pests and Diseases and Their
II. ACTIVITY OBJECTIVE Management The implementation of field observations on
the Pangandaran accession black ginger plants when they
The purpose of this research activity is the use of liquid were 6 months old began to be attacked by leaf rust as many
organic fertilizer on five accessions black ginger will affect as 30 trees out of 120 plants, while in the Pasuruan
morphology and production as medicinal raw accession 7 plants were attacked by leaf rust. The
materials(BBOT). characteristics on the surface of the upper leaves are like a
thin brownish layer that sticks, then the leaves will turn
III. MATERIALS AND METHODS yellow and dry out, thus disrupting photosynthetic activities,
Cultivation optimization was carried out in BRIN's as a result the plant will dry out and die. To overcome this,
experimental garden in Sulusuban, Central Lampung and spraying a natural fungicide made from ginger, turmeric and
was part of the black ginger plant multilocation test. The laos in a ratio of 1:1:1. The solution is then checked for PH,
research was conducted from September 2020 to August then sprayed on the plants at a dose of 10-20 ml per liter of
2021. The materials used were seeds from the regions: water checked for PH and added a little detergent as an
Yukum Jaya- Lampung, Bondowoso, Ciamis, Pangandaran adhesive. Spraying is carried out in the morning, so as not to
and Pasuruan as many as 5 accessions, liquid organic be disturbed by the wind and the leaves are still wet so that
fertilizer (Liquid organic Biofertilizer), natural fungicides the fungicide canstick...
(ginger, turmeric, laos), organic insecticides (tobacco, Other black ginger accession plants are attacked by
soursop leaves) and water. walang sangit, henceforth we overcome it by spraying
The tools used in this research are hand tractor, natural insecticides with boiled and fermented jengkol water
Cultivator, hoe, meter, water hose, sprayer, measuring cup, for 1-2 weeks. The dose sprayed is 20ml /liter of water.
gloves, scissors, bucket, raffia, knife, digital scale, From experience in the field, it is quite effective (75%)
calculator, chopper, label paper and stationery. This research walang sangit leaves after smelling jengkol water but does
went through several stages, namely land preparation, seed not die. It is better to spray more than once so that the
preparation, planting, maintenance and harvesting. mantis is completely gone. Vegetative plant observation was
conducted at 3, 5 and 7 months ofage.
The research was conducted with experimental
randomized group design (RAK) with 2 factors. The first A. Physiological Parameters
factor is liquid organic fertilizer and non-liquid organic  Plant Height
fertilizer. The second factor of black ginger accession At the age of 3 months, the growth of plant height was
consists of 5 accessions namely Yukum Jaya accession significantly different, the highest was found in Yukum Jaya
(TI.13), Bondowoso accession (TI.14), Ciamis accession accession with LOB treatment 97.254 cm and the lowest
(TI.15), Pangandaran accession (TI.16) and Pasuruan was Pasuruan LOB accession 78.667 cm. While in other
accession (TI.17) with 3 repetitions. The parameters accessions both Non LOB and LOB treatments were not
observed were plant height, stem diameter and number of significantly different. When the plants were 5 months after
leaves. Morphological parameters observed included weight planting, the growth of plant height was significantly
Rhizome harvest is the weight of the rhizome measured at different, the highest was in the accession Yukum Jaya LOB
harvest r h i z o m e wet weight, weight of fleshy root, treatment 125.033 cm and the lowest was in the Pasuruan
number of rhizome propagules. All data were analyzed by LOB accession 78.667 cm. While in other accessions both
analysis of variance and further test using Duncan test (P < NonLOB and LOB treatments were not significantly
0.05). different. When the plants were 7 months old after planting,
the highest plant height growth was in the LOBtreatment.on
accession Yukum Jaya LOB treatment 142.600 cm.

Table 1: Average results of Plant Height measurements at 3, 5, and 7 months after planting.
Age
3 Months After 5 Months After 7 Months After
Accessions & Treatments Planting (BST) Planting (BST) Planting (BST)
TI.13.Yukum Jaya + Non LOB 92,067 bcd 96,733 cd 99,366 bc
TI.13.Yukum Jaya + LOB 97,254 d 125,033 a 142,600 a
TI.14. Bondowoso + Non LOB 88,500 bc 106,033 b 130,200 d
TI.14. Bondowoso + LOB 94,200 bcd 97,400 b 107,243 b
TI.15. Ciamis + Non LOB 93,200 bcd 106,233 b 128,133 b
TI.15. Ciamis + LOB 90,556 bcd 128,133 cd 140,333 cd
TI.16.Pangandaran + Non LOB 82,400 ab 109,800 cd 119,833 cd
TI.16.Pangandaran + LOB 91,266 bcd 132,067 cd 139,600 cd
TI.17 Pasuruan + Non LOB 85,144 ab 108,633 cd 136,300 c
TI.17 Pasuruan + LOB 78,667 a 78,667 b 112,366 cd

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Volume 8, Issue 11, November 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165

Plant Height (cm)

160.000
140.000
120.000
100.000
80.000
60.000
40.000
20.000
0.000

3 Months After Planting (BST) 5 Months After

Planting (BST) 7 Months After Planting (BST)

Fig. 1: Plant height of Black Ginger at 3, 5 and 7 months after planting

Based on the calculation results, Yukum Jaya with  Trunk diameter

LOB treatment shows the optimal effect. This is supported Black ginger stem diameter at the age of 3, 5 and 7
by cultivation conditions that support growth in addition to months for Yukum accessions with LOB treatment shows
the availability of water and nutrients for plants. In the development and growth. The decomposition of nutrients
physiological phase, plants really need nutrients to grow and absorbed by plants is used to enlarge the plant stem so that
develop. the diameter of the plant stem shows optimal results. This
shows that LOB can increase plant growth and development
in the vegetative phase.
Table 2: Average results of stem diameter measurements at 3, 5, and 7 months after planting.
Trunk diameter
Accessions & Treatments 3 Months After 5 Months After 7 Months After
Planting (BST) Planting (BST) Planting (BST)
TI.13.Yukum Jaya + Non LOB 1.682 a 1.913 b 1.46 a
TI.15. Ciamis + Non LOB 2.208 bc 2.137 b 1.77 b
TI.17 Pasuruan + Non LOB 1.977 ab 2.323 b 1.928 bc
TI.14. Bondowoso + Non LOB 1.920 ab 2.367 b 1.93 bc
TI.16.Pangandaran + Non LOB 2.208 bc 2.573 ce 2.003 c
TI.17 Pasuruan + LOB 1.500 a 1.430 a 2.023 c
TI.14. Bondowoso + LOB 1.685 a 2.120 b 2.03 c
TI.15. Ciamis + LOB 2.593 c 2.673 de 2.173 d
TI.13.Yukum Jaya + LOB 3.207 d 3.567 f 2.33 de
TI.16.Pangandaran + LOB 2.507 c 2.773 e 2.337 d

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Volume 8, Issue 11, November 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165

Stem Diameter (cm)

4.000
3.500
3.000
2.500
2.000
1.500
1.000
0.500
0.000

3 Months AfterPlanting(BST) 5 Months AfterPlanting(BST) 7 Months After Planting(BST)

Fig. 2: Diameter of 3, 5 and 7 month oldBlack ginger stems

The results of stem diameter in Figure 2 show that growth of Bondowoso accession with LOB treatment.
Yukum Jaya with LOB treatment has the optimal stem Although at the age of 3 and 5 months this accession did not
diameter value compared to other accessions. While the show significant differences compared to the others.
accession that has a small stem diameter is Yukum Jaya
without LOB at the age of 7 months. Growth is even LOB has a good effect on plants, especially during the
inhibited toincrease. vegetative stage. But it does not rule out the possibility that
good results will also be obtained in the generative phase of
 Number of leaves the plant. This has been shown in the variable plant height,
Plants can develop if there are more leaves so that plants stem diameter and number of leaves of the black ginger
can survive. The number of leaves can also make plants plant. Bondowoso accession has more leaves than the
absorb more water and nutrients in the soil. Based on the others. Cultivation environmental conditions affect the
results of the analysis conducted that plants that are 7 growth and development of black ginger.
months with optimal number of leaves was shown in the

Table 3: Average results of leaf number measurements at 3, 5, and 7 months after planting.
Trunk diameter
Accessions & Treatments 3 Months After 5 Months After 7 Months After
Planting (BST) Planting (BST) Planting (BST)
TI.17 Pasuruan + LOB 5.700 a 5.827 a 6.6 de
TI.15. Ciamis + LOB 6.333 b 7.833 bc 6.067 cd
TI.17 Pasuruan + Non LOB 6.433 b 7.533 b 7.333 e
TI.16.Pangandaran + Non LOB 6.700 bc 7.467 b 5.567 bc
TI.14. Bondowoso + LOB 6.733 bc 7.500 b 7.5 e
TI.15. Ciamis + Non LOB 6.833 bc 8.367 cd 5.067 ab
TI.14. Bondowoso + Non LOB 7.200 c 7.300 b 5.867 c
TI.13.Yukum Jaya + Non LOB 8.267 d 8.400 cd 4.5 a
TI.16.Pangandaran + LOB 8.633 e 8.567 cd 6.567 cde
TI.13.Yukum Jaya + LOB 8.967 e 8.800 d 5.333 bc

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Volume 8, Issue 11, November 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165

Number of Leaves
10.000
9.000
8.000
7.000
6.000
5.000
4.000
3.000
2.000
1.000
0.000

3 Months After 5 Months After 7 Months After

Planting (BST) Planting (BST) Planting (BST)
Fig. 3: Graph of the number of Black ginger leaves in months 3, 5 and 7 after planting

B. Morphological Parameters If the age increases, the less fleshly root is harvested. In
The results of measuring morphological parameters addition, there are also rhizome roots which are used to
show that there are significant differences in rhizome absorb nutrients and water as the plant grows untilharvest.
harvest weight in Ciamis and Pangandaran accessions by
adding LOB. Although root weight showed optimal The use of fertilizers greatly affects the weight of the
numbers, it was not followed by root weight, fleshly root rhizome. Black ginger using LOB has a higher rhizome
weight, rhizome architecture length and number of weight compared to non-LOB. That result shown in table 4
propagules. with a maximum value of 2,162.11 grams for Ciamis
accession and 1,743.06 for Pangandaran accession. While
Black ginger is harvested in the form of rhizomes those that did not use LOB were the lowest for Ciamis
because it belongs to the Zingiberaceae family. What is accession. Bondowoso accession showed a low rhizome
currently being utilized is the rhizome. Apart from bobpot despite using LOB, which was 552.22 grams.
rhizomes, when harvesting black ginger produces fleshly Meanwhile, the lowest weight of the non-LOB Ciamis
roots, propagules and roots that have not been widely accession was 476.57. It may be possible that LOB helps
utilized. reduce food reserves because nutrients have been fulfilled
from LOB feeding. However, some of the non-LOB
Black ginger rhizome resembles other gingers but the accessions also gave low numbers.The highest fleshly root
difference lies in the rhizome if it is split, a black circle will weight was produced by the non-LOB Yukum Jaya
appear. This is what makes Curcuma aeruginosa called accession at 1,444.36 grams.
black ginger. Apart from rhizomes, fleshly roots are also
produced which are food reserves for rhizomes to survive.

Table 4: Average results of leaf number measurements at 3, 5, and 7 months after planting.
Rhizome Weight without Number Rhizome
Treatment Weight at 10 Root Weight Fleshly of Arctic
Months Root Propagules Length
TI. 14 Bondowoso+ LOB 552.22 a 12.66 cd 488.15 a 97.58 ef 32.06 de
TI. 14 Bondowoso+ Non LOB 712.50 a 11.17 bcd 975.02 b 68.75 cd 34.00 de
TI.13 Yukum Jaya + Non LOB 1,357.78 c 14.43 d 1,444.36 c 63.80 b 32.12 de
TI.13 Yukum Jaya +LOB 1,173.33 b 10.48 bcd 875.85 b 82.17 cde 31.36 d
TI.15 Ciamis+ LOB 2,162.11 d 8.26 ab 948.22 b 85.92 def 28.44 c
TI.15 Ciamis+ Non LOB 557.78 a 22.68 e 476.57 a 101.66 f 34.56 e
TI.16 Pangandaran+ LOB 1,743.06 cd 12.89 cd 1,436.08 bc 64.44 bc 29.70 cd
TI.16 Pangandaran+ Non LOB 1,553.89 c 8.48 ab 1,185.95 bc 49.56 b 23.75 b
TI.17 Pasuruan + LOB 1,578.33 c 6.35 a 940.50 b 18.36 a 24.11 b
TI.17 Pasuruan + Non LOB 1,548.33 c 5.37 a 1,193.69 bc 29.61 a 15.86 a

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Volume 8, Issue 11, November 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
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