ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS, REVISION OF KEY CONCEPTS AND FORMULAE 1. A sequence is an arrangement of numbers or objects in a definite order. called an arithmetic progression, if there exists @ constant yy, Oy and so on. 2 Asequence a,,03,a, that a3 — a, =d,0y — ay = day = 05 = dyes yay ~ The constant “is called the common difference. 3. Ifa’ is the first term and ‘a’ the common difference of an AP, then the A.P. is a+ d,a+2d,0+3d,0+4d, 4 Assequence t,A2,03)..,,... is an AP, if @,.;~a, is independent of n. & Asequence @,09/3,...,2y,... isan AP, ifand only ifits "term, isa linear expressionin nays In such a case the coefficient of n is the common difference. Bes i #3 M57 gyno. isan AP with common difference ‘A’ if and only if a, = An+B, & The term o, of an A.P.with fist term ‘a’ and common difference ‘dis given by +(n-1)d, Let there be an A.P. with first term ‘a’ then nth term from the end Also, n™ term from the end =Last term + (n-1)(-d) 8. Various terms is an A.P. can be chosen in the following manner. Terms Common difference and common difference d. If there are m terms in the AP =(m—n+1)" term from the beginning =a +(m=n)d =!—(n=1)d, where I denotes the last term ,a,a+d @-3d,0-d,a+dia+3d @-2d,a~d,a,a+d,a+2d @-5d,a—3d,a+d,a+3d,a4 5d 6 an A.P. with first term ‘a’ and common difference ‘d’ is given by 9. The sum to 7 terms of 6 zl2a+(r-Da} Also, S, =7{a+1}, where/= last term = a+(n~1)d 10. If the ratio ofthe sums ofr terms of two APS is given, then to find the ratio of their n®™ we replace m by (211) in the ratio of the sums of n terms, 11. A sequence is an A.P. if and only if the sum of its terms is of the form An? + Bn, whe In such a case the common difference is 24 isan AP with common difference then a ~ ere are constant If, 3, 5, gyorg 12. 666s SOLUTION a, =a, =(m=m)d > My =(20-12)d = -326 8d => d EXAMPLE © If the n'™ term of an AP is 711 + 12, tert its comnid (12 5 (7 Ans. (c) SOLUTION A sequence is an AP with common difference “A’ if and An +B. Here, 9, = 71 +12. So, itis nth term of an A.P. with comms MITER d=a, (Jn +12)-{7(n=1) +12} <7 NAMPLE 7 Ifthe sum of n terms of an A.P. is §, (7 (b) 5 (8 Ans. (dl SOLUTION We know that a sequence is an A.P. with common differ terms is S, = An? + Bn. Hence, 5. + 4n. So the common differer EXAMPLE § If 9, be the pth term of (a) 68 (b) 65 Ans, (b) SOLUTION The common difference of the given A.P Now, @ ~ aq = 180 = (p-50)d =180 12(p ~50) = 180 = AMPLE 9 The su Ans. (c) SOLUTION First nun A.P. with first term 1, last term = b) SOLUTION Let S, be the sum of first m even natural numt EXAMPLE 11 If the sunt of first n natural numbers (a) 15 (b) Ans. (a) SOLUTION We have, 1 EXAMPLE 12 The sun of 1 terms of the V3n(n~1) Ans. (0)(The production of TV se (a) 200 sis (bo) 5650 Gi) The mumber of TV sets produc (2) 20600 @) Gi) Total number of (a) 47,900 (Gv) In which year (a) 10 @) 2 14 (x) The difere (2) 6600 SOLUTION (i) Ans.(c form an AP. with fi = 16000 and = 5000 + (n~1)» 2200 = 29200 = 50 (w) Ans. (a): Required difference =a, a, EXAMPLE 17 and with each day Participate in a 200 m race, f practice it takes him 2 seconds j 2=292 =(a+6d)~(a+ 34 He can current! s. He wants to do it 32200 = ly run in 31Fig.5.2 (0) Which of the following are in A.P. forth i LP. for the given situation? (2) 51,53, 55, m-. (B) 51,49, 47... (6) =51-53, 55,6 (4) 51,55,59, um ii) The minimum number of days he needs to practice to achieve the goal is (@) 10 (b) 12 (9 1 @9 (Gil) Which of the following terms is not in the A.P. ofthe given situation? @ 41 (b) 30 © 37 (a) 38 Gy) The common difference ofthe A.P. having a, =2n+3 as n'* term, is @ 2 &) 3 ©5 (@a (W) The value of x, for which 2x, x + 10, 3x + Zare three consecutive terms of an A.P., is @) 6 (b) -6 © 18 @ -18 SOLUTION ()) Ans. (b): John takes 51 seconds to cover the distance in first run and takes 2 seconds less in each subsequent runs. So, time taken in first, second, third ... days are 51, 49, 47, 45, @ ae Suppose he practices forn days to achieve the goal. Then, n'* term of the A.P.51,49,47, 31=51+(n-1)x(-2) => 31=51-2n+2=2n=2>a=11 (ii) Ans, (b): Terms of the given AP. are odd numbers. Therefore, 30 being an even number, cannot be a term of the given A.P. : (iv) Ans. (a): Common difference =, ~@,.; =(2n+3)-Qn+1)=2 (v) Ans, (a): If 2x,x+10,3x+2 arein AP, then. 2(x +10) = 2x +(3x +2) > 2x4+20=5x+2 > 3x=18 > x=6. 0 take loan froma bank to buy the ear. He pays his total loa nent of ©10,000. If he increases the EXAMPLE 18 Rishi zeants to buy a car and plans of 1,180,000 by paying every month starting with the fist instal instalment by %1000 every month answer te following:ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS 2 EXAMPLE 20 pares : Hisar "): The sum of 20 terms of the A.P.1,3,5,7, «. is 400. ee easonk: The stim of first m odd natural numbers ie n2 SOLUTION 1,3, 5,7,9, ..., (2m -1) are first odd. (2-1) are fist odd natural numbers, Lat Sb thet sum The $=1434547494 +01) eae ee Flnse| [oe 5-20 +00] So, statement-2 is true. Using this statement, we find that 14345+7+... upto 20 terms = 20% = 400. So, statement-1 is also true and statement-2 is a correct explanation for statement-1 Hence, option (a) is correct. PxAMr Statement-1 (Assertion): The sum of 20 terms of the series 11, 13,15, 17, .. s 600, Statement-2 (Reason): The sum of first n odd natural numbers fs n®. Ans. (b) SOLUTION Clearly, statement-2 is true (See example 20) Let S denote the sum of the series 11, 13, 15, 17... upto 20 terms. Clearly, itis an AP. with first term land common difference d x11 + (20-1) <2} = 10 (22+ 38) = 600 So, statement-1 is also true. But, statement-2 is not a correct explanation for statement-1 Hence, option (b) is correct FXAMPLE 22 Statement-1 si ertion): The stim of the n terms of the A.P. 1,5, 9,13, .. is 2n* +n. jtement-2 (Re on): Let S,, denote the sum of n terms of an A.P. with first term a and common difference d such that d = 2a. Then for any natural nuniber m, — is independent of m. Ans. (d) SOLUTION 1, 5,9, is an AP. with first term 1 and common difference 4. Let 5, denote the sum of its 7 terms. The S, = 2 {21+ (n=1)x4} = 20? —n So, statement-1 is not true ie. itis false Seng A284 OMAP (Cn _ stam Nese Sage wees wd is independent of if d =2a. So, statement-2s true, Hence, option (d) is correct Clearly, * EXAMPLE 25 Slatement-1 (Assertion): a, b,carein A.P. if 2b og Se ee tt AD, te su of the ms euistant fom he bsit and theend is always same and is equal to the surnof fist and le Statement term Ans. (b) = ae, So, statement i tue SOLUTION a,b, care in AP, ob-a=¢—b o> 2b =a, So, statemenARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS, 9, 16, The m" term of an A.P., the sum of wi . (@) Sn + Si ©) S,-S,., The common difference of an A.P., the s ‘hose n terms is S,,is © $,45,.1 (@) 5, um of whose 1 terms is S,, is (a) S,-251-1+S,-2(b) S,~25, 4-5, (©) 5.-S, 4) 5, The sum of first 20 odd natural numbers i ve {a) 100 (b) 210 € (©) 400 i If 18, a, b,-3are in AP, thea + b= nes ' . (a) 19 () 7 1 (a) 15 Rae hone of ae is pane the common difference is 4, then its 10 term is (a) q+ 9p p-9q fe) p+9q (d) 2p +94 ton The value of x for which 2x, x + 10 and 3x + are the three consecutive the ara AP. is @ -6 () 18 6 @) -18 cust 3 . If the sum of three consecutive terms of an increasing A.P. is 51 and the product ofthe first and third of these terms is 273, then the third term is @ 13 ) 9 (9 21 @ 7 upto 1 terms is @ Fenn &) Lene © tor» (a) 2 6n+1) 2: 2 2 2 ‘The sum of first 16 terms of the A.P.: 10, 6, 2, ..., is (@) -320 (b) 320 (Q) -352 (a) -400 INCTR If the first term of an A.P. is ~5 and the common difference is 2, then the sum of first 6 terms is @o (b) 5 6 @ 15 |NCtRIL The 4!" term from the end of the AP: -11, -8, -5, . 49is (@) 97 (b) 40 Os (4) 58 {NCI r Which term of the A.P. 21, 42, 63, 84... is 210? (@) (b) 10" © 1" () 12% (Nc XEMPL If the 2"4 term of an A.P. is 13 and 5" term is 25, what is its 7 term? (a) 30 (b) 3 oF (@) 38. INCTRID The first and last terms of an AP. are 1 and 11. If the sum of its terms is 36, then the number of terms will be @5 (b) 6 O7 (a 8 If four numbers in A.P. are such that their sum is 50 and the greatest number is times theleast, then the numbers are 2 (a) 5,10,15,20 (bo) 4, 10,1622 (©) 3,7,11,15 (d) none of these 2 and common difference is 4, then the sum of its 40 terms is (©) 200 (a) 2800 If the first term of an A.P. (a) 3200 (b) 1600 ne ‘The number of terms of the A-P. 3, 7, 11, 15, .. to be taken $0 at is 406 is (a) 5 {b) 10 (©) 12 (@) Sum of n terms of the series V2 + V8 + VIB + V32 +15 (d) 1 (b) 2n(n+1)4 (d) -(@+9) id its common difference is 6, then its fi rone of the n of first odd natiformation, answer the follo ion the given pattern forms an TION-REASON