PHYSICS

HEAT TRANSFER
(JEE- ADVANCED)

TOPIC : HEAT TRANSFER DPP

1. Two identical square rods of metal are welded end to end as shown in figure (a). Assume that 10 cal of
heat flows through the rods in 2 min. Now the rods are welded as shown in figure, (b). The time it would
take for 10 cal to flow through the rods now, is

100°C
0°C

(a)
(A) 0.75 min (B) 0.5 min (C) 1.5 min (D) 1 min

2. Three metal rods made of copper, aluminium and brass, each 20 cm long and 4 cm in diameter, are
placed end to end with aluminium between the other two. The free ends of copper and brass are
maintained at 100 and 0°C respectively. Assume that the thermal conductivity of copper is twice that of
aluminium and four times that of brass. The approximately equilibrium temperatures of the copper-
aluminium and aluminium-brass junctions are respectively.

(A) 68 °C and 75 °C (B) 75 °C and 68 °C (C) 57 °C and 86 °C (D) 86 °C and 57 °C

3. A closed cubical box is made of a perfectly insulating material walls of thickness 8 cm and the only way
for heat to enter or leave the box is through two solid metallic cylindrical plugs, each of cross-sectional
area 12 cm2 and length 8 cm, fixed in the opposite walls of the box. The outer surface A on one plug is
maintained at 100°C while the outer surface B of the other plug is maintained at 4°C. The thermal
conductivity of the material of each plug is 0.5 cal/°C/cm. A source of energy generating 36 cal/s is
enclosed inside the box. Assuming the temperature to be the same at all points on the inner surface,
the equilibrium temperature of the inner surface of the box is

A Source B
100°C of 4°C
Energy

8 cm
Insulating
Walls

(A) 62 °C (B) 46 °C (C) 76 °C (D) 52 °C

4. Two models of a windowpane are made. In one model, two identical glass panes of thickness 3 mm are
separated with an air gap of 3 mm. This composite system is fixed in the window of a room. The other
model consists of a single glass pane of thickness 6 mm, the temperature difference being the same as
for the first model. The ratio of the heat flow for the double pane to that for the single pane is
–4 –6
(Kglass = 2.5 × 10 cal/s.m. °C and Kair = 6.2 × 10 cal/s.m.°C)
(A) 1/20 (B) 1/70 (C) 31/1312 (D) 31/656

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5. Heat is flowing through two cylindrical rods made of same materials whose ends are maintained at
similar temperatures. If diameters of the rods are in ratio 1 : 2 and lengths in ratio 2 : 1, then the ratio of
thermal current through them in steady state is :
(A) 1 : 8 (B) 1 : 4 (C) 1 : 6 (D) 4 : 1

6. The ends of a metre stick are maintained at 100ºC and 0ºC. One end of a rod is maintained at 25ºC.
Where should its other end be touched on the metre stick so that there is no heat current in the rod in
steady state?
(A) 25 cm from the hot end (B) 40 cm from the cold end
(C) 25 cm from the cold end (D) 60 cm from the cold end

7. The earth is getting energy from the sun whose surface temperature is Ts and radius is R. Let the
radius of the earth the r and the distance from the sun be d. Assume the earth and the sun both to
behave as perfect black bodies and the earth is in thermal equilibrium at a constant temperature Te.
Therefore, the temperature Ts of the sun is xTe where x is

2d 2R 4d d
(A) (B) (C) (D)
R r r r

8. Three discs of same material A, B, C of radii 2 cm, 4 cm and 6 cm respectively are coated with carbon
black. Their wavelengths corresponding to maximum spectral radiancy are 300, 400 and 500 nm
respectively then maximum power will be emitted by
(A) A (B) B (C) C (D) same for all

9. Three graphs marked as 1, 2, 3 representing the variation of maximum emissive power and wavelength
of radiation of the sun, a welding arc and a tungsten filament. Which of the following combination is
correct

(A) 1- bulb, 2  welding arc, 3  sun (B) 2- bulb, 3  welding arc, 1  sun
(C) 3- bulb, 1  welding arc, 2  sun (D) 2- bulb, 1  welding arc, 3  sun

10. Assume transmitivity t  0 for all the cases :

(A) bad absorber is bad emitter (B) bad absorber is good reflector
(C) bad reflector is good emitter (D) bad emitter is good absorber

11. A hollow and a solid sphere of same material and having identical outer surface are heated under
identical condition to the same temperature at the same time (both have same e, a) :
(A) in the beginning both will emit equal amount of radiation per unit time
(B) in the beginning both will absorb equal amount of radiation per unit time
(C) both spheres will have same rate of fall of temperature (dT/dt)
(D) both spheres will have equal temperatures at any moment

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12. Two bodies A and B have thermal emissivities of 0.01 and 0.81 respectively. The surface areas of the
two bodies are the same. The two bodies emit total radiant power at the same rate. The wavelength B
corresponding to maximum spectral radiancy in the radiation from B is shifted from the wavelength
corresponding to maximum spectral radiancy in the radiation from A by 1.00 m. If the temperature of
A is 5802 K,
(A) the temperature of B is 1934 K (B) B = 1.5 m
(C) the temperature of B is 11604 K (D) the temperature of B is 2901 K

13. The solar constant is the amount of heat energy received per second per unit area of a perfectly black
surface placed at a mean distance of the Earth from the Sun, in the absence of Earth's atmosphere, the
surface being held perpendicular to the direction of Sun's rays. Its value is 1388 W/m2 .
If the solar constant for the earth is ‘s’. The surface temperature of the sun is TK, D is the diameter of
the Sun, R is the mean distance of the Earth from the Sun . The sun subtends a small angle ‘’ at the
earth. Then correct options is/are :–
2 2 2
4D T 4  D  T 4 2 T 4  R 
(A) s = T   (B) s =   (C) s =  (D) s =  
R 4 R 4 4 D

14. A heated body emits radiation which has maximum intensity at frequency m. If the temperature of the
body is doubled:
(A) the maximum intensity radiation will be at frequency 2 m
(B) the maximum intensity radiation will be at frequency m.
(C) the total emitted power will increase by a factor 16
(D) the total emitted power will increase by a factor 2.

15. Two rods of same dimensions, but made of different materials are joined end to end with their free ends
being maintained at 100ºC and 0ºC respectively. The temperature of the junction is 70ºC. Then the
temperature of the junction if the rods are interchanged will be equal to T °C Find T :

16. Figure shows a steel rod joined to a brass rod. Each of the rods has length of 31 cm and area of
cross-section 0.20 cm2. The junction is maintained at a constant temperature 50°C and the two ends
are maintained at 100°C. The amount of heat taken out from the cold junction in 10 minutes after the
steady state is reached in n × 102 J. Find ‘n’. The thermal conductivities are Ksteel = 46 W/m–°C and
Kbrass = 109 W/m–°C.

17. Consider the situation shown in figure. The frame is made of the same material and has a uniform
cross-sectional area everywhere. If amount of heat flowing per second through a cross-section of part A
is
60 J. The amount of total heat taken out per second from the end at 50°C is 0.132 × 10n J/s. Find ‘n’.

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18. Four thin identical rods AB, AC, BD and EF made of the same material are joined as shown. The
free-ends C, D and F are maintained at temperatures T1, T2 and T3 respectively. Assuming that there is
1
no loss of heat to the surroundings, the temperature at joint E when the steady state is attained is
K
(2T1 + 2T2 + 3T3) . Find K (E is mid point of AB)

19. One end of copper rod of uniform cross-section and of length 1.45 m is in contact with ice at 0ºC and
the other end with water at 100°C. The position of point along its length where a temperature of 200°C
should be maintained so that in steady state the mass of ice melting is equal to that of steam produced
in the same interval of time is x cm from hotter end of rod. Find x [Assume that the whole system is
insulated from surroundings]. (take Lv = 540 cal/g Lf = 80 cal/g)

20. A hollow spherical conducting shell of inner radius R1 = 0.25 m and outer radius R2 = 0.50 m is placed
inside a heat reservoir of temperature T0 = 1000 ºC. The shell is initially filled with water at 0ºC. The
10 2
thermal conductivity of the material is k = W/m-K and its heat capacity is negligible. The time
4
10
required to raise the temperature of water to 100ºC is 1100 K n sec. Find K. Take specific heat of
9
22
water s = 4.2 kJ/kg.°C, density of water dw = 1000 kg/m3 ,  =
7

te r
K Wa Reservoir
R1
T0 = 1000ºC
0ºC
R2

ANSWER KEY
1. (B) 2. (D) 3. (C) 4. (D) 5. (A)
6. (C) 7. (A) 8. (B) 9. (A) 10. (ABC)
11. (AB) 12. (AB) 13. (BC) 14. (AC) 15. 30
16. 300 17. 132 18. 0 19. 10 20. 5

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 SOLUTIONS
1.

Q1 100  0 50 100 200 Q

= iH1 = = iH = = = 2
t1 2R R R/2 R t2
Q1 = Q2 = 10 cal.
50 200 1
 (2) =  t2 t2 = min
R R 2

2.

  
Req = R1 + R2 + R3 where R1 = , R2 = , R3
(2k ) A kA k
 A
2
100  0 100  T1 100  T2 T 0
= = = 2
Req R1 R1  R2 R3

3.

 T  100  T 4
36 =   kA    kA
 8   8 
K = 0.5 cal/ºc/cm
A = 12 cm2 .

4.
3 mm

Rg Rair Rg

3 mm 3 mm
(A)
2 (3 mm) (3 mm)
Req = 2 Rg + Rair = +
kg A kair A

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 6 mm
R=
kg . A
6 mm 1
T
iA Req R Kg . A Kg 2 Kair
= T
= = = =
iB R Req 2 (3 mm)  3 mm  2 K air  K g Kg  2 K air
 
Kg A  K air A  2 K g . K air


5. Thermal resistance R =
KA
1
for same temperature difference, thermal current 
R
i1 R 2 1  A1 K1
 = 2 = / = 2
i2 R1 K 2 A2 K1 A1 1 A2 K 2
1 12 1
= x x = 1/8
2 22 1

6. 25 cm from cold end is at 25°C (since temperature gradient is 1°C/cm)

 rod shound be touched at this point to ensure no heat transfer.

  4R2 .Ts 4
7.  r 2    4r 2  Te 4
4d2
R2 Ts 4
  4Te 4
d2

2d
Ts = Te
R

8. Q  AT4 and m = T = constant. Hence,

A r2
Q or Q
(  m )4 (m )4
(2)2 (4)2 (6)2
QA : QB : QC = : :
(3)4 (4)4 (5)4
4 1 36
= : :
81 16 625
= 0.05 : 0.0625 : 0.0576
i.e. QB is maximum.
Hence, the correct option is (2).

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9. According to Wien’s displacement law
mT = constant
1
 T
max
from graph max(1) > max(2) > max(3)
 T1 < T2 < T3
the material having law temperature has the graph having lower peak.

10. Bad absober is a bad emitter and good reflector. Bad reflector is a good emitter.

11.

4
Pemitte =  eAT since T1 = T2
Pabsorb =  eATS4 So P1 = P2 at t = 0

 dT   eA
cooling rate    = [T 4  TS4 ]
 dt  mS
since MH < MS , so cooling rate will be different since cooling rate is not same so both will not have
same temp at any instant t (except t = 0)

12. P1 = P2 TA A = TB B
 eA ATA4 =  eB ATB4 TA = TB ( + 1)
1/ 4
TA  0.81  1
=  =3  = m
TB  0.01  2
T 5802
TB = A = = 1934 K B =  + 1 = 1.5 m
3 3

13.

D
i `Foh
l w
;Z R

Let the diameter of the sun be D and its distance from the earth be R.
D
=
R
The radiation emitted by the surface of the sun per unit time is
2
D 4 2 4
4   T = D T .
2
2
At distance R, this radiation falls on an area 4R in unit time. The radiation received at the earth’s
surface per unit time per unit area is, therefore.
2
 D 2 T 4  T 4  D 
s=    .
4 R 2 4 R
4 2
Thus , sT and s 

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  C
14. T  = Constant m =
max
T
= Constant
 max
T1 T2 T2 2 T
 2 = . 1 = . 1 = 21
1  2 T1 T
4
E=eAT
E2
E  T4 = (2)4 = 16
E1

15.
K1 K2

0°C 70°C 100°C

70  0 100  70 R2 K1
Heat current is same iH = =  = 3/7  = 3/7
R1 R2 R1 K2

0°C K2 T K1 100°C

T  0 100  T
Heat current is same iH = =
R2 R1
100  T R1 K 2
 = = = 7/3
T R2 K1
 300 – 3 T = 7T  T = 30°C Ans.

16. Let T = 100º C

& T0 = 50ºC
A
Heat = (T – T0) (KS + KB) × 10 × 60

 0.2  10 –4 
= (100 – 50) ×  –2 
× (46 + 109) × 10 × 60
 31 10 
= 300 J

17.

60 50
R1 = thermal resistance of bent part = , R2 =
K A KA
 R2 
  Q = 60 J/s  Q = 132 j/s
 R1  R2 

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18.

by KCL at junction we can find T.

i1 + i2 + i3 = 0
T2  T T3  T T T
+ + 1 =0.
R R R
R R
2 2
19.

dQ1 (200  100)kA dmsteam

i1 = = = LV
dt x dt
dQ2 (200  0) kA dm fusion
i2 = = = Lf
dt (  x ) dt
According to problem,
dmsteam dm fusion
=
dt dt
100kA 200kA 2
= .  x= = 0.1 m = 10 cm
x Lv ( –x)Lf 29

20. For any general moment 1000ºC.

1000  T dQ
iH = =
Req dt
R2
dx 1  x 2 1 
where Req =  =  
k (4 x 2 ) 4 k  2  1  R1
1 1 1  1
Req =    =
4 k  R1 R2  50
Now, mass of water inside cavity
4
M=× R13
3
dQ d 1000  T
= MS = (d = dT)
dt dt Req
100º t
dT 1
 dt
(1000  T ) ( Req MS ) 0
=
0º

  1000  
t = Req MS × n  
  900  

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