Green University of Bangladesh

Department of Computer Science and Engineering (CSE)

Faculty of Sciences and Engineering
Semester: (Spring, Year:2021), B.Sc. in CSE (Day)

LAB REPORT NO: 01

Course Title: Digital Logic Design Lab

Course Code: CSE 204
Section: DC

Lab Experiment Name: Realizing AND Gate Using NOR and EX-OR Gate
Using NOR.
Student Details

Name ID
1. Ismail Hossain 203002013

Lab Date : 18th October, 2021

Submission Date : 27th October, 2021
Course Teacher’s Name : Mr. Mozdaher Abdul Quader
1. TITLE OF THE LAB EXPERIMENT
Implement AND and EX- OR gates by using NOR gate.The aims of this
experiment are to implement AND and EX- OR gates by using NOR gate. In
this experiment we also learn why NOR gate called the universal gate and
how we get AND and EX-OR from NOR gate.

2. OBJECTIVES
• To learn the Boolean expression of AND and EX-OR gate from NOR
gate.
• To learn a truth table to derive Boolean expression.
• Implement a logic circuit to realize the AND and EX-OR gates using
using integrated circuits (IC’s) and verifying the truth table.

3. PROCEDURE / ANALYSIS / DESIGN

The NOR gate is universal gate. This means one can create any logical
Boolean expression using only NOR gates

The below diagram is of a two-input NOR gate. The first part is an OR gate
and the second part is a dot after it represents a NOT gate. During the
operation of the NOR gate, the inputs are first going through OR gate and
after that, the output gets reversed, and we get the final output. Now we will
look at the truth table of
 NOR gate: -

F = (A + B)

NOR gate: -

F = (A + B)

Input Input Output

A B F
0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 0
Fig 01: Logic symbol and truth table of NOR gate.

4.Realizing AND Gate and EX-OR gates Using NOR:

In order to construct AND Gate and EX-OR gates Using NOR gate we need
to be follow the DeMorgan’s Law.

Realizing AND gate:

From DeMorgan’s Theorem,

̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
(A + B) = 𝐴̅. 𝐵̅

𝐴̅ + 𝐵̅ = 𝐴. 𝐵 = 𝐴𝐵
 So give the inverted inputs to a NOR gate, obtain AND gate operation at
output.

𝐹 = ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
𝐴̅ + 𝐵̅

𝐹 = 𝐴𝐵

Input Input Output

A B F
0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1

Fig 02: Implementing AND using only NOR Gate.

 Fig 03: Circuit Diagram.

5.Realizing EX-OR Gate Using NOR: Ex-OR gate is actually Ex-NOR gate
followed by NOT gate. So give the output of Ex-NOR gate to a NOT gate, overall
output is that of an Ex-OR gate.

F = (((A+A’B’)’+(B+A’B’)’)’)’
Or, F = (((A+B’)’+(B+A’)’)’)’
Or, F =’ (((A’+B’’) +(B’+A’’))’)’
Or, F= (((A’. B) + (B’. A))’)’
Or, F = ((A’’. B’) + (B’’. A’))’
Or, F = ((A+B’) +(B+A’))’
Or, F = (A’+B’’) +(B’+A’’)
Or, F = (A’. B) + (B’. A)
Or, F = (A’. B) + (A.B’)
 Input Input Output
A B F
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0

Figure 4: Implementing an EX-OR using only NOR Gate

6. ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION:
Here we used NOR gate for making AND gate. AND gate showed high output
only if all the inputs are high and rater all outputs are low and NOR Gate showed
high output when all inputs are low except all outputs are low whether the inputs.
In the second circuit, we used NOR gate for making Ex-OR gate. Here, Ex-OR
gate showed high output only if all the inputs are not same and will show low
outputs if the inputs are same.
NOR is the result of the negation of the OR operator. NOR is a functionally
complete operation NOR gates can be combined to generate any other logical
function. It shares this property with the NAND gate. By contrast, the OR operator
is monotonic as it can only change low to high but not vice versa.

7. SUMMARY:
AND gate using only NOR gate, again we can see that the circuit diagram of AND
gate using only NOR gate is exactly similar to that of OR gate using only NAND
gates. Now we will finally see how we can make a NOT gate by using only NOR
gates. A complete tutorial on Exclusive OR Gate (XOR Gate). You learned the
symbol, truth table and Boolean Expression of an XOR Gate, implementation of
XOR Gate using NOR, its symbol, truth table and Boolean Expression, some
common and popular XOR ICs and also some important applications of XOR
Gate.