A

Project Synopsis Report

on

Blockchain Based Decentralized

Voting System
Synopsis submitted

in Partial fulfilment of the requirements for

the award of the Degree of

Bachelor of Technology

in

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Submitted by
Anurag Pandey (2005080130013)

Satyendra Tiwari (2005080130044)

Durgesh (2005080130022)

Under the supervision of

Mrs. Priyanka Gupta

Assistant Professor
Department of Information Technology

Year: 2023-2

i
 BABU BANARASI DAS ENGINEERING COLLEGE

SYNOPSIS
on
Blockchain Based Decentralized Voting System
for

the award of the Degree of

Bachelor of Technology

in

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Submitted by

Anurag Pandey (2005080130013)

Satyendra Tiwari (2005080130044)

Durgesh (2005080130022)

Under the Guidance of Head of Department

Mrs. Priyanka Gupta Dr.(Prof) Santosh Kumar Shukla

Assistant Professor Head of Department

Information Technology Information Technology

ii
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project entitled “Blockchain Based Decentralized

Voting System” submitte by “Anurag Pandey” (2005080130013) ,
“Satyendra Tiwari” (2005080130044) , “Durgesh” (2005080130022) in
partial fulfillment for the award of the Degree of bachelor of Technology in
IT to the Dr. Abdul Kalam Technical University is a record of bonafied work
Carried out by him/her under my guidance and supervision. The results
embodied in this seminar report have not been submitted to any other
University or Institute for the award of any Degree or Diploma.

Dr. Santosh Kumar Shukla Mrs. Priyanka Gupta

(Head of the Department ) ( Assistant Professor)

Dept. of Information Technology Dept. of Information Technology

Date: 17/10/2023

Place: Lucknow

iii
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

It gives us a great sense of pleasure to present the report of the B. Tech

Project undertaken during B. Tech. Final Year. We owe special debt of
gratitude to Mrs. Priyanka Gupta (Assistant Professor) and Dr. Santosh
Kumar Shukla (Head, Department of Information Technology) Babu
Banarasi Das Engineering College, Lucknow for their constant support and
guidance throughout the course of our work. Their sincerity, thoroughness
and perseverance have been a constant source of inspiration for us. It is
only their cognizant efforts that our endeavors have seen light of the day.
We also do not like to miss the opportunity to acknowledge the
contribution of all faculty members of the department for their kind
assistance and cooperation during the development of our project. Last but
not the least, we acknowledge our family and friends for their contribution
in the completion of the project.

iv
 LIST OF TABLES

Table No Table Caption Page No

2.2 Comparative study of Research Papers 6-9

v
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No. Figure Caption Page No.

1.1 General Model of Driver Drowsiness Monitoring System 2

4.2 Data Flow Diagram for Driver Drowsiness Monitoring 14

System
4.3 Line segment that joins the mid point to the lower eyelid 16

vi
 Page No.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
(vii)
(viii)
Contents
Title Page 1-2
Certificate/s (Supervisor) 3-10
Declaration 3-6
Acknowledgment 7-10
List Of Tables 11
List of Figures 12-17
Table of Contents Abstract 12
13-17
1. Introduction 18-19
2. Literature Review 18
2.1 Literature Review 19
2.2 Comparative study (Of different papers by using Table) 20-21
3. Research Gap
4. Proposed Work
4.1 Problem Statement
42 Proposed Approach
5. Conclusion and Future Work
4.1 Conclusion
4.2 Future Work 6.

7
References

vii

8
 ABSTRACT

The purpose of this project is for us to develop a model that would outline our
proposal to solving the issues of digital voting by using blockchain technology. The
project began with the analysis of models that already exist of unique Id, delay in
giving out results and the most important is security issues. Security of digital to
perform blockchain based voting system. In a Democracy voting is a crucial event
in any country, the current voting system is through use of EVM or ballot paper.
These processes have many drawbacks such as transparency, low voter turn-out,
tampering of votes, distrust in the election body, forging voting is always the biggest
concern when considering to implement a digital voting system. With such big
decisions at stake, we must have no doubt about the system’s ability to secure the
information and to defend against potential hacks or cyber-attacks. One way the
security issues can be potentially solved is through the use of blockchain technology.
Blockchain technology offers infinite number of applications. Blockchain is a
distributed ledger technology, which allows the digital assets to be transferred in a
peer-to-peer decentralized distributed network. A distributed ledger technology is a
huge advancement in this field. A Block is a collection of all the transactions.
Blockchain has many features that can be used while voting using blockchain such
as Decentralization, Security, Transparency, immutability, and anonymity.
Blockchain with smart contract is an emerging topic ,which is a safer, secure and
transparent E-voting systems. In this paper we have tested and implemented an e-
voting system with smart contracts for the Ethereum network using the blockchain
technology through wallets and the Solidity language. .
Keywords: Decentralized applications, Blockchain , Web 3.0 , Solidity , System,
Peer-to-peer Network, Ethereum Blockchain, Ethereum Virtual machine , Smart
Contract, React.js, Next.js.

9
 INTRODUCTION
Electoral integrity is essential not just for democratic nations but also for state voter’s
trust and liability. Political voting methods are crucial in this respect. From a government
standpoint, electronic voting technologies can boost voter participation and confidence
and rekindle interest in the voting system. As an effective means of making democratic
decisions, elections have long been a social concern. As the number of votes cast in real life
increases, citizens are becoming more aware of the significance of the electoral system.
The voting system is the method through which judges judge who will represent in political
and corporate governance. Democracy is a system of voters to elect representatives by
voting . The efficacy of such a procedure is determined mainly by the level of faith that
people have in the election process. The creation of legislative institutions to represent
the desire of the people is a well-known tendency. Such political bodies differ from student
unions to constituencies. Over the years, the vote has become the primary resource to
express the will of the citizens by selecting from the choices they made .
The voting system is the method in which the voters vote for their representatives in
political and corporate governance. Democracy is a system in which we elect
representatives by voting. Blockchain technology offers a decentralized node for electronic
voting or online voting. In recent times distributed ledger technologies such blockchain
were used to produce electronic voting systems mainly because of their end-to-end
verification advantages. Blockchain is a very interesting alternative to conventional
electronic voting systems with features like decentralization, non-repudiation, and security
protection. It is used to hold both boardroom and public voting. A blockchain, initially a
chain of blocks, is a growing list of blocks combined with cryptographic connections. Each
block contains a hash, timestamp, and transaction data from the previous block. The
blockchain was created to be data-resistant. Voting is a new phase of blockchain technology;
in this area, the researchers are trying to leverage benefits such as transparency, secrecy,
and non-repudiation that are essential for voting applications. With the usage of blockchain
for electronic voting applications, efforts such as utilizing blockchain technology to provide
the four required characteristics of voting system:

10
1. Accuracy: Voting system is to establish the intent of the individual voter, and translate
those intents into a final results. To achieve such a level of accuracy blockchain is use as its
cryptographically secure and immutable so accuracy of the votes will be maintained.

2. Anonymity: To preserve anonymity is a very challenging task. The votes need to be

discreet and shouldn’t be leaked or altered. Blockchain has hashing function which makes
it impossible to retrieve data without proper key.

3. Scalability: India is a large country with a high growing population. It is important to

keep scalability in mind because each and every vote must be recognized and calculated

4. Speed: The process of voting must be fast and the results must be displayed as soon as
possible. Blockchain provides a platform for creating decentralized, highly secure, maintain
anonymity , yet auditable chain of data, used currently in bitcoin and other cryptocurrency.
The same technolog can be used to record vote, report votes ,display votes and prevent
many types of voter frauds.

Fig 1. Decentralized Voting System

11
 LITERATURE REVIEW

Votereum An Ethereum-based E-voting system. By “Khoi Cao-Minh”, Chuong

Dang-Le-Bao and Tuan A. Nguyen,2019,“Votereum: An Ethereum-based E-voting
system”,University of Information Technology Vietnam National University HCMC,
Vietnam, it reviews the requirements and then propose Votereum, an Electronic voting
system that utilizes the blockchain technology. The proposed system is empowered by
Ethereum platform, including one server manages the entire system and the other handles
all blockchain-related requests.

Online Voting: Voting System Using Blockchain by Vaibhav Anasune, Pradeep

Choudhari,MadhuraKelapure and Pranali Shirke Prasad Halgaonkar,“Online Voting:
Voting System Using B-chain”2019 ,article give a shortreview on various methodologies
That are use in current voting.The paper will help to build a system that will face the
present and upcoming challenges and will remove drawbacks from these previous
architectures

Decentralized Voting Platform Based on Ethereum Blockchain by“David

khoury” , “Eli F”, “Ali kaseem” and “hamja hard”,2018’’ “Decentralized Voting Platform
Based on Ethereum Blockchain”Department of Computer Science American University of
Science and Technology , we propose a novel approach for a decentralized trustless voting
platform that relies on Block-chain technology to solve the trust issues. The main features
of this system include ensuring data integrity and transparency, and enforcing one vote per
mobile phone number for every poll with ensured privacy. To accomplish this, the
Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) is used as the Blockchain runtime environment.

Survey on Blockchain Based E-Voting Recording System Design by G

Bhavan,i“Survey on Blockchain Based E-Voting Recording System Design”,2018,By
adopting blockchain in the distribution of databases on e-voting systems can reduce one of

12
the cheating sources of database manipulation. For encrypting data fetched from fingerprint
sensor we are going use AES algorithm. This research discusses the recording of voting
result using blockchain algorithm from every place of election.

Blockchain-Based E-Voting System by Fridrik P. Hjalmarsson,Gunnlaugur

K .Hreidarsson, “Blockchain-Based E-Voting System”,2018,School of Computer Science
Reykjavik University, Iceland, this paper evaluates the potential of distributed
ledgertechnologiesthrough the description of a case study, namely the process of an
election and implementing a blockchain-based application which improves the security and
decreases the cost of hosting a nationwide election.

Blockchain Based E-Voting Recording System Design by Rifa Hanifatunnisa

andBudi Rahardjo,2017,“Blockchain Based E-Voting Recording System Design”,this
recording system occurs when the vote is over.Blockchain technology can be one solution
to solve the problems that often occur in the electoral system. The use of hash values in
recording the voting results of each polling station linked to each other makes this
recording system more secure and the use of digital signatures makes the system more
reliable. The use of the sequence proposed in the blockchain creation process in this system
considers that in an electoral system not required for mining as in the Bitcoin system
because the voter data and numbers are clear and are not allowed to select more than once,
the proposed sequence ensures that all nodes which is legally connected and can avoid
collision in transportation .

Web-based open-audit voting by Adida, B., Helios (2008).“Web-based open-audit

voting.”, in Proceedings of the 17th Conference on Security Symposium, ser. SS’08.
Berkeley, CA, USA: USENIX Association, 2008.
This paper proposes associated justify an adequate security model and criteria to judge
comprehensi bility. It additionally describe a web ballot theme, Pretty
graspableDemocracy, show that it satisfies the adequate security model which it’s a lot of

13
gras pable than Pretty smart Democracy, presently the sole theme that additionally satisfies
the planned se curity model.

Scantegrity End-to-end voter-veriable optical- scan voting by Chaum, D.,

Essex, A., Carback, R., Clark, J., Popoveniuc, S., Sherman, A. and Vora, P.
(2008).“Scantegrity: End-to-end voter-veriable optical- scan voting.", IEEE Security
Privacy, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 40-46, May 2008.
This paper describes Scantegrity that minimally impacts election procedures and is the first
inde pendent E2E verification mechanism that preserves optical scan as the underlying
voting system and doesn’t interfere with a manual recount.

A fair and robust voting system by broadcast Dalia, K., Ben, R. , Peter Y. A, and
Feng, H. (2012). “A fair and robust voting system by broadcast.”, 5th International
Conference on E-voting, 2012. This paper proposes a recovery round to enable the election
result to be announced if voters abort and also added a commitment round to ensure
fairness. In addition, it also provided a computational security proof of ballot secrecy.

A secure, transparent, auditable, and reliable voting system. by Bell, S.,

Benaloh, J., Byrne, M. D., Debeauvoir, D., Eakin, B., Kortum, P., McBurnett, N., Pereira,
O., Stark, P. B., Wallach, D. S., Fisher, G., Montoya, J., Parker, M. and Winn, M.
(2013).“Star-vote: A secure, transparent, auditable, and reliable vot ing system.”, in 2013
ElectronicVotingTechnologyWorkshop/Workshopon TrustworthyElections(EVT/WOTE13)
Washington,D.C.: USENIX As sociation, 2013. This paper describes the STAR-Vote
design, that may preferably be the next-generation electoral sys tem for Travis County and
maybe elsewhere.

14
Comparative study( Of Different Papers by using Table)

S. no Title Authors Methodology Year

An Ethereum- “Khoi Cao-Minh”, 1.AES algorithm 2019

1
based E-voting
system “ChuongDang-Le-Bao”,“Tuan
A”

Online Voting: “Vaibhav Anasune” 1.Cryptographic

2
Voting System verification
“Pradeep Choudhari”, 2.Homomorphic 2019
Using
Blockchain “MadhuraKelapure” Encryption
Technique:

Blockchain- David khoury” , 1.Quorum 2018

3
Based 2.Geth: Go-
E-Voting “Eli F”,“Ali kaseem” and Ethereum
System “hamja hard”

Blockchain 1.ECDSA(Elliptic 2018

4
Based Curve
E-Voting G Bhavan, Digital Signature
Recording Algorithm)
System 2. SHA-256
DesignSr algorithm

Decentralized “Fridrik P” 1.HTML5 web-app

Voting “Hjalmarsson,” “Gunnlaugur compiled using
Platform K .Hreidarsson,” Apache 2018
5
Based Cordova 2.Ethereum
on network
Ethereum

15
 Votereum:An 1. External Personal
Ethereum- “Rifa Hanifatunnisa” Account(EOA) 2017
6
based And 2. Contract Account
E-voting “Budi Rahardjo” 3. Votereum
system

7 Rifa “Adida,” and ECDSA(Elliptic 2018

Hanifatunnisa “B. Helios” Curve
andBudi
Rahardjo Digital Signature
Algorithm)

8 Scantegrity Chaum, D., E2E verification

End-to-end Essex, A., Carback, R., Clark, mechanism
voter-veriable J., Popoveniuc, S., Sherman, 2008
optical- scan
voting

9 A fair and Dalia, K., Ben, R. , Peter Y. A,

robust voting and
system Feng, H.

10 A secure, Bell, S., Benaloh, J. Byrne, M.

transparent, D., Debeauvoir, D., Eakin, B.,
auditable, and Kortum, 2013
reliable voting P.McBurnett,N.Pereira,
system O., Stark, P. B.Wallach, D.
S.Fisher, G., Montoya, J.,
Parker, M. and Winn

16
11 A Survey on E- 2021
Voting Based
on Blockchain Fatih, R., Arezki, S. USENIX security
& Gadi, T

12 Blockchain External Personal 2021

voting and its
effects on Khudoykulov ,Z.,Tojiakbarova, Account(EOA)
election U. Bozorov, S.Ourbonaliev
2. Contract Account
transparency
and voter 3. Votereum
confidence

13 Blockchain Mccorry, P.Mehrnezhad, 2021

Technology
Application for M. ,Toreini,E., Springer, Cham
Electronic N. Shahandashti F.S.
Voting Systems

14 Proof of
Concept
Blockchain- Saproo, S., Warke, ITM Web of 2020
Based Voting V., Pote, S. & Dhumal Conference
System

The
Application of
Blockchain Kshetri, N. IEEE Software 2020
Technology in &
15 Voting
Systems: A Voas, J
Review

17
 Research Gap

Despite the growing interest in blockchain-based voting systems, there exist

several research gaps that warrant further investigation and exploration.
Identifying and addressing these gaps can significantly contribute to the
successful implementation and widespread adoption of secure and
transparent decentralized voting systems. The research gap for a blockchain-
based voting system project can be delineated as follows.

Scalability and Performance Optimization: Current research lacks a

comprehensive understanding of how to effectively scale blockchain-based
voting systems to accommodate large-scale elections without compromising
performance. Investigating innovative consensus algorithms, network
structures, and transaction processing mechanisms tailored to the specific
requirements of voting systems can bridge this gap.

Usability and Accessibility for Diverse User Groups: Limited research

focuses on the design and development of user-friendly interfaces and
accessibility features to ensure inclusivity for diverse voter demographics,
including individuals with disabilities and those from marginalized
communities. Exploring user experience design principles and accessibility
guidelines can aid in creating intuitive and user-friendly blockchain-based
voting interfaces.

Regulatory Compliance and Legal Frameworks: There is a need for in-depth

research into the legal implications and regulatory challenges associated with
implementing blockchain-based voting systems within existing electoral
frameworks. Understanding the legal requirements, privacy regulations, and
compliance standards specific to different jurisdictions can help develop
comprehensive governance models that align with regulatory mandates and
ensure the legitimacy of the voting process.

18
Trust and Security Assurance: While blockchain technology offers inherent
security features, there is a research gap in understanding how to enhance the
trust and security assurance of the entire voting ecosystem, including aspects
such as identity management, prevention of coercion or vote-buying, and
protection against sophisticated cyber threats. Investigating advanced
cryptographic techniques, identity verification protocols, and threat modeling
can reinforce the security posture of blockchain-based voting systems

Social and Political Implications: Limited research delves into the broader
social and political implications of transitioning to blockchain-based voting
systems, including their impact on voter behavior, trust in institutions, and
the overall democratic process. Conducting interdisciplinary studies
encompassing political science, sociology, and psychology can provide
insights into the socio-political dynamics and stakeholder perceptions crucial
for the successful adoption of blockchain-based voting systems.

Addressing these research gaps can contribute significantly to the

development of a robust, inclusive, and trustworthy blockchain-based voting
system that can effectively enhance the security, transparency, and integrity
of electoral processes. Conducting interdisciplinary research, fostering
collaborations between technology experts, legal professionals, and social
scientists, and engaging stakeholders in the design and implementation
process are key strategies to bridge these gaps and propel the advancement of
blockchain-based voting systems.

19
 PROPOSED WORK

Problem Statement

The conventional voting systems are plagued with numerous issues such as security
vulnerabilities, lack of transparency, and challenges associated with ensuring the integrity
of the electoral process. These shortcomings have led to incidents of fraud, manipulation,
and mistrust among voters, thereby undermining the democratic foundations of many
societies. Additionally, the existing voting systems often struggle to accommodate the
diverse needs of different voter demographics, including those with physical disabilities or
residing in remote areas, leading to exclusion and disenfranchisement.
In light of these challenges, there is an urgent need to develop a voting system that
leverages blockchain technology to address the shortcomings of traditional electoral
processes. The proposed blockchain-based voting system aims to enhance the security,
transparency, and accessibility of the voting process, ensuring the integrity of each vote and
fostering greater participation and inclusivity among diverse voter populations. By
decentralizing the governance structure and implementing robust cryptographic techniques,
the system seeks to mitigate the risks of fraud, manipulation, and unauthorized access,
thereby instilling public confidence and trust in the democratic process.
However, the successful implementation of a blockchain-based voting system necessitates
addressing various critical challenges, including ensuring scalability to accommodate a
large number of voters, navigating complex regulatory frameworks and legal requirements,
designing user-friendly interfaces for seamless voter interaction, and establishing
comprehensive security measures to safeguard the integrity of the entire voting ecosystem.
Moreover, understanding the social and political implications of transitioning to a
blockchain-based voting system is crucial to fostering stakeholder acceptance and
promoting a culture of trust and transparency in the electoral process.
Thus, the development of a robust and inclusive blockchain-based voting system
necessitates a comprehensive understanding of these challenges and the implementation of

20
tailored solutions that adhere to the highest standards of security, accessibility, and
regulatory compliance. Bridging this gap and creating a resilient blockchain-based voting
system can pave the way for a more secure, transparent, and democratic electoral
framework that fosters public trust and ensures the integrity of the democratic process.

Proposed Approach

For our architectural design we tried to create a system thatdoesn’t entirely replace the
current voting system butrather integrates itself within the current system which we are
using today. We decided to do this because themajority of people are familiarized with the
currentsystem and the introduction of a new system can createconfusion as well as
disinterest .

System Architecture

fig- Proposed system architecture

21
The first step of our design is the registration process,verifying a voter is essential in establishing
securitywithin the system. Making sure that someone’s identityisn’t being misused for fraudulent
purposes is important,especially when voting is considered because every votematters.To allow
users to register to voteourproposedservice utilizes Recognition devices & valid identity
cardnumber to cross check whether the user is present in thedatabase or not /whether he is
eligible to vote or not.Afterthat a unique hash address is given to voter using whichhe can cast a
vote.Each hash is suppliedwith Ethers bywhich he can cast vote once.During the voting day the
voter will visit the pollingbooth he/she will undergo a verification process and thenusing the
address given to him he/she willcast a votethen he will be automatically logged out.The voters
willalso get live status of voting.

Various Technology used

Blockchain Technology
the Blockchain Structure is also known as an append-only datastructure, such that new blocks of
data can be written to it, but cannot bealtered or deleted. Private blockchain limits the read and
write access,only specific participants can verify their transactions internally. Thatmakes the
transaction on a private network cheaper, since they onlyneed tobeverifiedby a few nodes that are
trusted and with guaranteedhigh processing power. Nodes are very well-connected and faults
canquickly be fixed by manual intervention, allowing the use of consensusalgorithms which offer
finality after much shorter block times. In ourResearch we will use Permissioned Blockchain
which will use the Proofof (PoA)consensus Algorithm. A Consensus Algorithm is usedto set
restrictions on selected known entities to certify and validateTransactions on Blockchain. Here,
this will help us to stop adding newPeople withoutAdministrators Permission. This Algorithm
Proves to beHelpful because it does not leak the Voter’s Information and Voting Data.

ETHEREUM

This thesis will make use of the Ethereum blockchain to create a Decentralized
Application. Ethereum was found in 2013 by Vitalik Buterin, and it is often
described as “the world computer”. Ethereum is an open-source, globally
decentralized infrastructure that executes the program called “Smart Contract”
(Lavayssière 2018). The cryptocurrency used in Ethereum blockchain is ether.

22
Smart Contract

Smart Contract is a program that runs inside the Ethereum Blockchain executed by Ethereum
Virtual Machine. Smart Contract is an immutable program, meaning once the code is written and
deployed to a blockchain, it cannot be updated or rewritten. Vitalik describes this concept as
follows: “code is law”. The language used in Ethereum Smart Contract is Solidity language.
After the code is written and ready to be deployed, the developers have the option to deploy it to
Mainnet, which is the real network, and it uses real Ether. If the developers want to test their
Smart Contract, they can deploy their Smart Contrat to four of the Ethereum Testnets: Ropsten,
Kovan, Rinkeby, and Goerli. These Testnets do not use real Ether. Instead, the developers can
ask for Ether from one of these Testnets’ faucets.
A Smart Contract consists of state variables, events, modifiers, and functions. Each function call
that mutates the state variables inside the Smart Contract will be a transaction, and each
transaction will cost a certain amount of “gas”. The amount of gas spent will depend on the
complexity and the memory of the function. Other functions such as return function or pure
function do not consume gas as long as they are not called from another mutative function and
the return function does not mutate the values of the state variables.The biggest advantage when
using Smart Contract is that there is practically no downtime since the blockchain is maintained
by millions of users. As long as the Ethereum blockchain network is still up, the Smart Contract
will still be valid

DEVELOPMENT TOOLS AND SERVICE

ReactJS

ReactJS is a Frontend JavaScript framework and developed by Facebook. As of 2020, ReactJS

ranked number one for the best JavaScript library to build user interface, according to
Stackoverflow (Donovan 2019). It is a versatile library, and it also has a short learning curve.
ReactJS has four important features, which are JSX, Component Lifecycle, Props, and States.

Props
23
Props is one of the most important aspects of the ReactJS ecosystem. React’s architecture is
similar to Tree structure. In a React application, there will always be an outer most component
that wraps the entire application. Most API calls and subscriptions will be triggered from that
component. If there is a data that its child components need to make use of, that data can be
passed from the parent component as props.

Web3
Web3 is a JavaScript library that includes functionality for the Ethereum ecosystem (Web3
Documentation, 2020). This is the best library to interact with Ethereum Smart Contracts inside a
JavaScript application. The library includes various methods establishing a connection to
Ethereum’s Mainnet and Testnets, creating a transaction, signing a transaction, sending a
transaction to the network, and listening to any Smart Contract events.

24
flow diagram for blockchain based voting system

25
 CONCLUSION

In this project, we introduced a blockchain-basedelectronic voting system that utilizes smart

contracts toenable secure and cost-ef cient election while guaranteeing voters privacy.We have
shown that theblockchain technology offers a new possibility toovercome the limitations and
adoption barriers ofelectronic voting systems which ensures the electionsecurity and integrity
and lays the ground fortransparency. Using an Ethereum private blockchain, it ispossible to send
hundreds of transactions per secondontothe blockchain, utilizing every aspect of the smart
contractto ease the load on the blockchain.For countries ofgreater size, some additional measures
would be neededto support greater throughput of transactions per second.The transparency of the
block-chain enables moreauditing and understanding of elections. These attributessome of the
requirements of a voting system. Thesecharacteristics come from decentralized networks, and
canbring more democratic processes to elections, especiallyto direct election systems. For e-
voting to become moreopen, transparent, and independently auditable, a potentialsolution would
be to base it on blockchain technology.This project explores the potential of
blockchaintechnology and its usefulness in the e-voting scheme. Theblockchain will be publicly
verifiable and distributed in away that no one will be able to corrupt it.

26
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