Twilight: 2000—Twilight: 2013 Fan E-zine

Good Luck
Youre on your own

Issue

1
 Good luck
You’re on your
Own!
A Twilight: 2000
And
Twilight: 2013
Fanzine

Made for the fans, by the fans.

Articles submitted by various authors

Assembled and produced by Phil “Grimace” Hatfield

All rights reserved by respective authors and artists

2
 Table of Contents
Introduction Page 4
Written by: Phil Hatfield

The King’s Messengers Page 5

Written by: Dave Ross with James Langham

The Armory: Rifle Round—

Damage and Range Page 7
Originally created by: Peter Grining
Submitted by: Cdnwolf

Area of Operations: Iran and

Page 8
the Third World War
Written by: Jason Weiser

Area of Operations: Africa Page 11

Written by: Raellus

Motor Pool: U.S. Air Defense

Vehicles Page 15
Written by: James Langham

Africa continued… Page 21

Continuation of article from Page 8

The Twilight War: Naval

Forces Page 25
Written by: Matt Wiser

Next Issue Page 30

Disclaimer Page 31

3
 Introduction
I am, as I’m sure many of you are, a survivor of the Cold
War. From growing up with nuclear drills in school, air
raids siren practice of the town, and digging out a bomb
shelter, I guess you could say I had a strange affinity for
the game Twilight: 2000 when it came out. It captured
my imagination about what could happen, and it was
with an odd attraction of the turmoil that could ensue.

I played this game for many, As with the original game, the I want to take a moment to
many hours, ranging from successor also went out of thank some people. First, I
Eastern Europe all the way to print after a couple of years. want to thank the people that
Alaska. Many great hours of volunteered their material for
fun were had, both by me and Still, through all of that, the this first issue. Without them,
my players. fans of the game have stuck it we wouldn’t have this great
out. Hunkering down and dig- content.
Then, both sadly and with re- ging in, the fans continue to
lief, the real time exceeded keep the flame of this game Second, I’d like to thank the
the game timeline. The Cold lit. creators of the game Twilight:
War ended, and players didn’t 2000. Without them, we all
seem quite as enthused to “...the love and attention would’ve just lived through the
play in a post-apocalyptic to detail that people put Cold War and then went on
world brought about by World into their material for this with our lives, never wonder-
War 3. ing and playing out what
game really fires up the
would happen if the Cold War
Fortunately I found an online imagination.” ever went hot.
community of fellow Twilight
2000 enthusiasts. People like Still, through the years, there Third, I’d like the thank the
you! Discussion boards have have been websites for this rest of you fans. Without the
come and gone, fans of the game discussion boards for fans out there, I may very well
game have come and gone, this game, but never has there have lost interest completely
but still a few of us, just like been a fan created e-zine for in this game. The constant
the few in the picture above, this game. talk about it, and the love and
hang on in a strong band of attention to detail that people
mixed characters. That changes now! put into their material for this
game really fires up the imagi-
There have been a multitude nation.
of great ideas put out by the
fans over the years since So to all of you fans, thank
Twilight: 2000 went out of you! I hope you all enjoy this
print. Some of those fans first issue, and I hope it’s the
even went so far as the put start of many more!
out a new version of the game
called Twilight: 2013.
4
 The King’s Messengers
Written by: Dave Ross with James Langham

The King’s Messengers

“I see you stand like subsequent breakdown of the
greyhounds in the slips, majority of global communica-
Straining upon the start.
tions meant a resurgence in
The game's afoot;
Follow your spirit: the need for important
and upon this charge, documents to be hand carried,
Cry God for Harry, England, and at the start of 1998 the
and Saint George!” King’s Messengers were
William Shakespeare - Henry V reformed in Southern England,
with a number of men – and a
few women - being recruited King’s Messenger Summer 1999
History to carry messages both within
Wearing beret of Adjutant General Corps

Able to trace its origins back the UK and overseas.

Meeting Messengers
to 1485, before the Twilight
War the Corps of King’s Most of these new Messengers
Whilst they are few in number
Messengers (or Queen’s came from the military,
by the summer of 2000, it is
Messengers when the Sover- although unlike their pre war
possible to encounter a King’s
eign is female) were predecessors, they were not
Messenger virtually anywhere
diplomatic couriers, many of retirees. All were volunteers;
in the UK, carrying commu-
whom were retired military the majority had previously
niqués from Southern England
personnel, who were employed been senior NCO’s and many
to HMG’s enclaves and allies
by the British Foreign and had already seen active
elsewhere in Britain. Several
Commonwealth Office to hand service in the opening months
Messengers have also made
carry secret and important of the War. A significant
their way to Europe, particu-
messages from London to number were recovering from
larly Germany and Poland, and
British Embassies and Consu- wounds, and it was relatively
there have even been
lates around the globe. common to see King’s Messen-
unconfirmed reports of the
gers missing an eye or an
presence of King’s Messengers
arm, or with faces scarred by
in North America, although
burns, or with other injuries. A
The War their purpose there is unclear.
small number were civilians.
Experienced and resourceful
By the outbreak of the War With the exception of a
individuals, they usually travel
improved forms of secure handful who already held
alone, although they may
communication had reduced equivalent or higher rank, all
occasionally have a small
the importance of the Messen- were commissioned into the
escort of military personnel,
gers, however the 1997 British Army with the rank of
usually consisting of two to
nuclear exchanges and the Captain.
three men, often Gurkhas.

5
The King’s Messenger

From a distance, Messengers

are indistinguishable from
regular British soldiers,
wearing normal British Army
King’s Messenger Identification Letter
uniforms, including the beret
of their previous Regiment or
The bearer of this letter is about the King’s business. His
Corps. The only thing that Britannic Majesty’s Secretary of State requests and requires in
makes them stand out is their the name of His Majesty all those whom it may concern to allow
cap badge, which consists of a the bearer to pass freely without let or hindrance, and to afford
the bearer such assistance and protection as may be necessary.
cloth Crown and greyhound. A
silver greyhound has been the
symbol of the King’s Messen-
gers since the 17th Century.
They carry standard British
Courier Pouches stating they are “about the
small arms – usually an L85A1
The documents themselves King’s business” has a
assault rifle, although L22A1’s
are usually carried in red startling effect in soliciting
(the carbine version of the
leather boxes of varying sizes cooperation.
L85, also known as the
that bear the Royal Coat of
SA80K) or L2A3 Sterling
Arms (though if travelling
submachine guns are also
incognito these boxes may be
common. A small number of
replaced by something less
Messengers have armed
distinctive). Dependent on
themselves with the L1A1 SLR.
their sensitivity, documents
Most also carry a Browning
can be in either plain text or
9mm automatic.
encoded. In the latter case,
two Messengers would King’s Messenger with armed escort
Messengers operating outside In potentially hostile territory
normally be used, each travel-
the UK often have locally
ling independently of the
acquired weapons such as
other, with one carrying the
M16’s or AK’s. Inside the UK
documents and the other the
they usually travel by Land
decryption key.
Rover or, occasionally motor
cycle. They will occasionally
Each Messenger also carries
travel incognito, in plain
with them a letter bearing the
clothes and using civilian
Royal Cypher which requires
transport. Outside the UK,
anyone that they may
they must rely on locally
encounter to assist them if
acquired transport.
required. Whilst initially many
Messengers privately scoffed
about what use such a letter
would be, several have found
that producing a document

6
 The Armory

Rifle Round Damage and Range

Copyright 1999 Peter Grining
Using information from Jane’s' and GDW 'Fire, Fusion & Steel'
the following table was calculated, retained in fractal form

Round Type O Metres 100 Metres 200 Metres 300 Metres 400 Metres 500 Metres
5.45 x 39 [7N6] 2.48 2.22 1.96 1.74 1.52 1.31
5.56 x 45 [M193] 2.74 2.40 2.07 1.76 1.47 1.18
5.56 x 45 [SS109] 2.76 2.47 2.19 1.93 1.70 1.48
7.62 x 33 [0.30 M1] 2.41 1.89 1.53 1.25 1.12 1.02
7.62 x 39 2.99 2.66 2.30 1.98 1.68 1.44
7.62 x 51 3.96 3.60 3.28 2.97 2.68 2.40
0.30-06 4.12 3.70 3.31 2.95 2.61 2.29

Then converted to Twilight: 2000 data

Round Type O Metres 100 Metres 200 Metres 300 Metres 400 Metres 500 Metres
5.45 x 39 [7N6] 3 2 2 2 2 1
5.56 x 45 [M193] 3 2 2 2 2 1
5.56 x 45 [SS109] 3 3 2 2 2 2
7.62 x 33 [0.30 M1] 2 2 2 1 1 1
7.62 x 39 3 3 2 2 2 1
7.62 x 51 4 4 3 3 3 2
0.30-06 4 4 3 3 3 2

Finally the fractal results multiplied by 3.5 (average result from a 6 sided die) give the
following table, to be used in the quick combat resolution system
Round Type O Metres 100 Metres 200 Metres 300 Metres 400 Metres 500 Metres
5.45 x 39 [7N6] 9 8 7 6 5 5
5.56 x 45 [M193] 10 8 7 6 5 4
5.56 x 45 [SS109] 10 9 8 7 6 5
7.62 x 33 [0.30 M1] 8 7 5 4 4 4
7.62 x 39 11 9 8 7 6 5
7.62 x 51 14 13 12 10 9 8
0.30-06 14 13 12 10 9 8

7
 Area of Operations
Iran and the third world war
The lead up to Bandar-y-Khomeini
Written by: Jason Weiser
History
The Iranian People’s Army
As for Iran, by mid-1996, the patiently stockpiled their
In June 1995, the Third World country was in a state of equipment and prepared their
War began with the Soviet virtual civil war. After increas- positions for the expected
invasion of the People’s ing internal tensions between Soviet invasion.
Republic of China. As Soviet the Iranian Communist Party
tanks crossed the frontier into (the Tudeh) and the remnants They didn’t have long to wait.
the Manchurian industrial of the old Khomeini regime as
heartland, tensions increased embodied by the Pasdaran By December 1996, the Sovi-
between East and West to an militias, the situation exploded ets had invaded Iran and
all-time high. into violence in March. taken Tabriz in the north,
using chemical weapons on a
As the war progressed in The moderate Iranian Nowin vast scale. By March 1997,
China, and the Soviets became party government had quit Colonel-General Suryakin,
mired in Northeastern Man- Tehran for the southern city of Commander of the Soviet
churia, they “appealed” to Esfahan, and procommunist Transcaucasian Front was at
their allies for internationalist Tudeh and Islamist Pasdaran the doorstep of the Persian
detachments to serve in the militias shot it out with each Gulf, the IPA had fought hard
East. These detachments were other for the northern half of and well, but was no match for
sent and arrived in time for the country. the combination of massed
the disastrous Spring 1996
Soviet firepower and Tudeh
offensive.
guerillas operating with near
impunity in the IPA rear.
Casualties amongst the allied
detachments were especially
Suryakin noted the US Central
high, and three East German
Command beginning to build
divisions were practically
up forces across the Gulf in
abandoned during the Chinese
Saudi Arabia and knew he only
counterattack. This lead to
had so much time before US
civil unrest in East Germany,
intervention would make
and an attempt by both
seizure of the Iranian Gulf oil
Germanys’ to reunify through
ports impossible.
force. This soon dragged the
United States, Britain and
He was at the end of a long
Canada into the fighting. The
supply line that was being
rest of NATO divided politically
harassed daily by both Kurdish
on the question of invading
guerillas and survivors of
East Germany to reunify a
various Pasdaran militias being
Germany that had started the
supported by US and British
last two world wars.
special forces detachments.
Soviet armor mobilizing for operations
March 1997
8
Iran and the Third World War

The airpower situation was The plan itself was simple: The Tudeh and their Spetsnaz
never better, as the Soviet Three Guards Airborne Divi- advisers were doing a good
and Allied airforces had sions, with assistance from job of filling in the gaps, but
already bloodied themselves Tudeh guerillas and Soviet there was a limit to how much
into a stalemate in early 1997. Spetznaz, would seize air- they could do without tipping
He had little to worry about heads, preferably airfields, for their hands.
from the Allied air power. Thus the Soviet Airborne divisions
Suryakin had the opportunity to land. The goal was to In mid-April 1997, the Soviet
to win, but he had to win capture the oil ports intact. 104th Guards Airborne was
quickly, or not at all. organized thus for the opera-
Iranian resistance was tion to seize Bandar-i-
expected to be light, for the Khomeini:
most part, as the IPA had
suffered heavily against the
Soviets thus far. The rear
104th Guards Airborne Division:
areas the Soviets were going
● 328th Guards Airborne Regiment
to hit were filled with reform-
ing units and rear area troops, ● 337th Guards Airborne Regiment

in addition to surviving ● 382nd Guards Airborne Regiment

Pasdaran militias who did not ● 1080th Guards Artillery Regiment
Thus, a bold plan was born, always work well with the IPA. ● 116th Independent Helicopter Transport
Operation Rokossovsky. It was Squadron
a daring attempt to use Tudeh For the commander of the ● 132nd Independent Engineer Battalion
guerillas and Soviet Airborne Soviet 104th Guards Airborne
● 68th Guards Independent Recon Battalion
troops to seize the oil ports in Division, Major General Vladi-
advance of Suryakin’s push. mir Feskov, it was an opera-
tion fraught with risk. US and Attached for Operation:
Suryakin figured it would take British air activity was intensi- 1st Battalion, 12th Spetznaz Brigade
him, at worst, a week to reach fying over the Gulf. The Allies
2nd Squadron, 292nd Independent
the Desantniki. His plan made were striking Transcaucasus Helicopter Regiment (16 Mi-24 Hinds)
heavy use of the advantages Front’s logistics and airfields
enjoyed by the Soviets in their with a vengeance.
firepower and chemical weap-
ons. Unfortunately the latter While the US Central Com- Intelligence on the Iranian
was neutralized as what little mand’s buildup was slowing a defenses had the number of
US airpower there was began bit due to Europe being a Iranian troops at:
to target his artillery and -1 under-strength battalion of
priority, the Americans and
logistics networks. Suryakin light infantry that had been
knew he at least had to try. If British were building up stead- mauled in earlier fighting
the Americans arrived in ily in Saudi ports and airfields -3 newly forming reserve light
strength, his command would with only one possible inten- infantry battalions with a mix
be bogged down in endless tion: Intervention in Iran. In of older equipment and cap-
fighting. The American supply fact, the lack of recent aerial tured Iraqi gear
line could not be interdicted reconnaissance from Frontal -And an indeterminate number
conventionally, and nuclear of Pasdaran militia groups.
Aviation of either Bandar-i-
weapons weren’t an option
even worth considering. Khomeini or Saudi Arabia was Overall, the number of defend-
more than a bit disquieting. ers was thought to be in the
4,000-5,000 range.

9
Iran and the Third World War

What complicated matters was Some amongst the 104th

that there were two airfields called it “dual Stalingrads
that had to be secured along the Shatt-al-Arab”. Such Look for the expansion of this
article:
between the cities of Bandar-i- sentiments did little to settle
Operation Rokosovsky
Khomeini, Khormansharr and Feskov’s mind. Nevertheless,
Abadan. The defenses of the fact was that the Masha-
Khormansharr and Abadan har and Abadan airports were
were similar to Bandar-i- needed for the follow-up
Khomeini. To make matters supply flights that the 104th
worse, Khormansharr and needed to hold on.
Abadan had emotional
connotations to the average The worst of the disquiet was
Iranian due to the epic this; would 7th Guards Army
defense of both cities against arrive in time to relieve them?
the Iraqis during the Iran-Iraq He could not help but
war 15 years before. remember the fate of another
airborne operation that was
supposed to end another war,
and tragic fate of the
paratroopers involved.

10
 Area of Operations
Africa
Written by: Raellus

Background From the west, a Ugandan The Soviets, and Cubans,

rebel group calling itself the already had a network of
WWIII had a very destabilizing Lord's Army sought refuge on military advisors in place in
effect on Africa. Foreign aid the Kenyan side of the border, neighboring Mozambique and
dried up almost overnight. UN carrying out brutal attacks many of these advisors were
peacekeepers were pulled out against Kenyan civilians in the sent posthaste to Tanzania
of the continent. Humanitarian area. with assurances of future
crises throughout Africa military and economic aid. The
quickly multiplied, and old In the south, a revolutionary Soviets appealed to Tanzanian
tribal and political rivalries organization known as PARA pride, assuring them of a
soon boiled out of control. War (Pan African Revolutionary position of primacy in East
and famine visited Africa on a Army) was surreptitiously Africa if they took aggressive
scale seldom seen before. supported by the Tanzanian action against rival Kenya.
Army.
In early 1997, Kenya, one of The Kenyans were preoccupied
the most politically and with various insurgencies and
economically stable African cross border raids, and their
nations, was hard pressed on formidable military was
multiple fronts by a multitude already stretched thin. The
of enemies both foreign and Soviets promised to make the
domestic. In the northeast, Tanzanian's motley assort-
Tanzanian Army Timoney ARV Mk I
Somali bandits stepped up the ment of Soviet and Chinese-
pace of their cross-border made combat aircraft
raids into Kenyan territory. In The Tanzanian Invasion air w o r thy , and pr o vi de
the northwest, Sudanese experienced combat pilots to
paramilitaries provided finan- Soon after the outbreak of fly them against the Kenyan
cial, material, and technical WWIII, Tanzania had effec- air force.
support to the Junudullah tively lost its Chinese patrons.
(Sword of Allah), an Islamic Chinese economic develop- In terms of material support,
fundamentalist insurgency/ ment personnel and military the Soviets could not offer
terrorist group dedicated to advisors were recalled and much since travel to the
the expulsion of Western Chinese economic aid abruptly region was almost impossible.
influences from, and the ceased. The Soviet Union A powerful radar/air control
establishment of a Islamic quickly stepped in to fill the system and several SA-7
state, in East Africa. void. man-portable SAMs were
brought in from Mozambique.
11
Africa

Generous future arms Armored brigade, rushed into The only local strategic
shipments were also promised, action, was almost completely reserve was the newly
once possible. The Tanzanian destroyed in the fighting. reactivated 173rd Airborne
leadership in Dar es Salaam Kenyan security forces and Brigade, currently being
acquiesced. Together with the PMC personnel guarding the brought up to BCT strength
Tanzanian army's general refineries were engaged in with the attachment of
staff, the Soviet advisors firefights with Tanzanian additional units.
planned an invasion of commandos that landed by
southern Kenya, the main sea. Within hours of the Tanzanian
strategic objective being the surprise attack and
seizure of the fuel refineries Within 48 hours, the subsequent retroactive
and port facilities in Mombasa Tanzanian spearhead was declaration of war, the
with the secondary objective within 10 km of the Mombasa. pr e si de nt of the U. S.
of marching on Nairobi and instructed CENTCOM to begin
overthrowing the Kenyan NATO Response immediate preparations to
government. send the 173rd BCT to Kenya.
With the Persian Gulf refiner- The hastily planned and
On June 21st 1997, the ies largely inoperable due to prepared operation was
Tanzanian military launched its repeated conventional air and named Proud Lion.
surprise offensive, codenamed missile strikes, NATO needed
Operation Green Mamba. facilities to refine Middle
Initial progress was swift. Eastern crude. Kenya offered
Tanzania's Soviet and Cuban- the nearest, most capable
piloted MiG-21s establishing refinery facilities. Now, with
local air superiority over the the Tanzanian invasion, the
battlefield while Tanzanian- threat of losing access to the
piloted Shenyan J-5s provided Kenyan refinery facilities
close air support for the became very real.
Tanzanian ground forces.

The Tanzanian 1st Tank

Brigade and 1st Motorized
Infantry Brigade advanced
quickly on Mombasa,
supported by the 2nd and 3rd
Infantry Brigades and a
battalion of self-propelled
BM-21 Grad rocket launchers.
Elements of the Kenyan army
and air force fought back
valiantly, but were soon
brushed aside by the sheer
weight of the Tanzanian
forces. The Kenyan 1st
12
Africa

Operation: Proud Lion elements of the Kenyan 2nd

armored brigade were rede-
Using CENTCOM's remaining
ployed from northwest of
strategic airlift assets, the
Nairobi to Mombasa. Elements
1/503 and 2/503 parachute
of the Brigade began to arrive
infantry battalions were
early on the 24th.
dispatched immediately, with
Saudi-based F-15Cs conduct-
On the morning of the 24th,
ing a preliminary fighter sweep
elements of the 228th Aviation
and flying top cover for the
Battalion began to arrive at
vulnerable transports. During
Mombasa International Airport
the sweep, five Tanzanian
aboard C-5 Galaxy and C-17
MiGs were shot down, all but
Globemaster aircraft. By the
one from beyond visual range.
end of the day, the remainder
In an unfortunate case of
of the 173rd BCT was on the
mistaken identity, one Kenyan
ground in and around
F-5 was also shot down by an
Mombasa.
Eagle-launched Sparrow held their own. The 3/503
missile. (mo to r iz e d) and 4 /5 0 3
The Sinking of the Belmont
(airmobile), along with the
brigade's artillery battalion
With the Moi International On June 25th, the RO/RO
followed, arriving in Mombasa
Airport in Mombasa within transport ship Belmont was
International Airport by air
Tanzanian MLRS range, it was sunk by a submarine-launched
later in the day without their
considered unsafe to land and motor vehicles and aircraft. SSM off the Horn of Africa,
offload the transports there. The 4/503's helicopters were carrying the 3/503rd's vehicles
Instead, it was decided to drop (HUMVEEs, FAVs, 2 and 5-ton
to be delivered the next day
the two battalions adjacent to trucks, and a company of LAV-
by air, once the airport's
the airport by parachute. The security had been assured. 75A2 Ridgways) to the bottom
1/503 and 2/503 jumped in of the sea along with it. One
the dawn light of the 23rd of By the end of the 23rd, the the Belmont's naval escorts,
June, executing one of Tanzanian drive on Mombasa an OHP class frigate, was also
WWIII's few combat parachute had been blunted. Both sides sunk by a torpedo. The
drops. suffered significant casualties Belmont's remaining USN
during the battle. Learning escorts claimed to have killed
Both battalions were almost that they were fighting the submarine responsible,
immediately in action,
American paratroops, the likely a Soviet SSN commerce
marching from the runways to
Tanzanian high command raider. After the war, an
the sound of the gunfire and
squaring off against Soviet balked, and the 1st armored Italian Sauro class submarine
and Chinese made MBTs with brigade was ordered to break commander claimed credit for
nothing more than LAWs and contact and withdraw several the attack on the Belmont and
Tankbreaker/Javelins. The kilometers in order to preserve her escorts. This claim has not
fighting was confused and been substantiated.
their remaining tanks.
intense, but the paratroopers
Throughout the day, surviving
Continued with Skyraider on page 21

13
 Like what you see in this issue?
Help keep this fanzine going, contributions of stories,
adventures, material, and artwork accepted!

Email your submissions to: [email protected]

14
 Motor pool
U.s. Air Defense Vehicles
Written by: James Langham

When the M247 DIVAD LAV-ADATS

“Sergeant York” was cancelled “Jack”/”Marshall”
in the mid 1980s due to issues LAV-AD
with reliability and effective- With the introduction of the
ness, a number of alternatives M917, the USMC looked again
were quickly adopted and a 2nd Marine Division LAV-AD at the requirements for air
number of older vehicles
In action, Baltic Coast, Spring
2000 (USMC)
defence regarding the LAV-AD
remained in service to plug the as an interim solution. As a
gap. By 1990 the USMC were result they quickly decided
unhappy with the LAV-PIVAD. that the ADATS missile would
In this article we have A move to improve the system be ideal for their uses,
restricted ourselves and resulted in the LAV-AD. This combining air defence and anti
excluded air defence systems commercially developed -tank missiles in one. With
that are either man portable version replaced the 20mm transport space being limited
(such as Stinger) or intended
Vulcan with a five barrelled this was the perfect solution
as higher level air defence
(such as Patriot). 25mm cannon and added two for the marines, enabling them
quadruple Stinger launchers, to double the amount of air
one on each side of the turret. defence and anti-armour
With no suitable alternative in vehicles without increasing
sight the USMC began upgrad- transport requirements. With
ing LAV-PIVADs to this stan-
dard. By 1995 about half of
the USMC LAV-PIVADs had
been upgraded. Reserve
Marine units did not receive
Cancelled M247 DIVAD (US Army)
the LAV-AD. The US Army did
not adopt the LAV-AD.
A version with Mistral missiles
replacing the Stingers was
developed for the export
market. No sales had been
made when the outbreak of
war curtailed all production. LAV-ADATS straight from the factory

15
U.S. Air Defense Vehicles

the likelihood of war increasing An interim solution had been M6 Bradley “Linebacker”
the decision was made to add developed in the LAV-PIVAD.
a LAV-ADATS battalion to each Whilst it was not fully suited to
division to increase firepower their needs it did have the
in both air defence and anti- advantage that it would be
tank roles. Three missiles were easy to build and could be
attached on each side of the rushed into service. As a result
small turret. No gun is carried. the LAV-PIVAD was introduced
The US Army was interested in in the late 1980s for the 62nd
M6 Linebacker of the 5th Infantry Division,
purchasing the design but it Air Defence Artillery Regiment, Battle of Kalisz 2000.
was decided that all of the which provided component This is unusual to see as by this time most
M6s had been converted back to Bradleys
initial production run would be battalions for the 25th Division
given to the USMC. The army (1-62nd ADA), 7th Division (2- Mechanised divisions were
was given the option to have a 62nd ADA), 10th Mountain badly hit by the cancellation of
second run but the nuclear Division (3-62 ADA) and 6th
nd
the M247. While the M691
exchange limited production Division (4-62nd ADA) and the looked set to fill the need it
that badly (in particular of the USMC. Moderately successful, would be years before enough
ADATS missile itself) that none it was rushed into service with were available for the mecha-
were delivered. It quickly other light units as the war nised divisions who would
gained the nickname Jack as it went on. have to continue with the
was a Jack of all trades. M113 series based ant-aircraft
Officially however it was LAV-PIVAD Plus vehicles: the M48 and M163.
known as the “Marshall.” The difficulty of using M113
With the upgrading of the based vehicles with M2
LAV-PIVAD PIVAD by the addition of a Bradley equipped units had
stinger missile pod, been shown in the Gulf War.
the LAV-PIVAD was As a result the simple
often locally up- expedient of replacing the
graded with the TOW missile launchers on an
addition of either M2 or M3 with a quad Stinger
one or two Stinger pod was undertaken. The
pods to the turret. M163 and M48 were retained
As these look at divisional level and four M6s
LAV-PIVAD of the 2-62nd ADA of the 10th Mountain
Division, British Columbia Summer 1997 almost identical to were added at battalion level.
the LAV-AD, only
the gun is slightly different, Of limited use with the main
With the cancellation of the identification of types is very gun in an anti-aircraft role, the
M247, no replacement for the difficult without a clear view missiles achieved a limited air
M163 was available. The light of the gun. It is worth noting defence package. M6s could
divisions and USMC however that these were never officially be found in both A1 and A2
had already been looking for issued to the USMC although variants as the package was
an alternative as the M988 many seem to have had the installed at depot level on any
was too heavy for their needs. upgrade, which was an identi- model of Bradley, except the
cal pack to the M163A3E1. M2/3A3.
16
U.S. Air Defense Vehicles

It was to have been replaced M167 Vulcan Air Defense

by the M247 DIVAD but with System
this being cancelled in 1985,
the M163 soldiered on. Most Despite this not being a
National Guard and many vehicle but a trailer mounted
regular army units were still system this is included for
using this at the outbreak of completeness. Completely
the war. replaced in regular service by
M48 in Korea, 1998
Note that all four missiles have been fired. M998 or LAV variants.
M163A3 PIVAD Numbers were pulled from
M48 “Chaparral” storage to equip war raised
This was an upgrade of the light role units. Many were
Introduced at the same time M163 PIVAD on an M3 chassis. used for base defence instead
as the M163 this was a of their primary purpose. At
modified M548 (itself a least some were sent to
modified M113) chassis, the Europe possibly as an alterna-
M730, with an M54 missile tive to the official issue.
system, holding 4 modified
AIM9 Sidewinder missiles. It M167A2 Vulcan Air Defense
was intended to provide longer System
range firepower while the
M163 dealt with close range This was an improved version
M163 PIVAD of the 5-62nd ADA, School
threats. By 1995 it was only in Brigade, 49th Armored Division, of the M167 with an improved
service with National Guard Oklahoma Summer 1999
gun sight and an extra wheel
units, although a number were on each side of the trailer. This
issued to regular units as M163A1E1/M163A3E1 was less common than the
replacements for destroyed PIVAD Plus M167.
units.
In 1995, with it becoming
M163 PIVAD apparent that war was likely,
there was a crash program to
A design dating back to the upgrade the M163 with the
1960s featuring an M61 20mm addition of two quad Stinger
Vulcan (as fitted to US Air missile pods, one on each side
Force aircraft) mounted on an of the turret. This was
M741 chassis (a modified intended as a depot level
M113). The weight however upgrade and packs were
required the vehicle to have issued for it to be done there.
sheet metal side panels over Supply however never met M167A2 used in ground defense role in
Styrofoam panels, to enable it demand and not even all of Texas by members of the 85th Infantry
Division (Light) in May of 2000 (U.S. Army)
to retain it's flotation ability the units in Germany had been
and usefully providing spaced upgraded by the start of the
armour! war.

17
U.S. Air Defense Vehicles

M690 “Burnside” completed, a number if M1

hulls were modified to hold a
In 1995 as war loomed the pair of Oerlikon 25mm KBB
need for increased air defence cannons in a small turret.
was apparent. Supplies of the Popular with the troops due to
M691 were limited, and each its protection, the Diana was
resulted in one less M1, as a issued to armoured divisions M917 “Westmorland”
result a program was created from 1993 onwards, although
to use the M48 hulls that were it never completely replaced With the introduction of the
left in depots (ironically the its predecessors. By 2000 it M990, the 4th ADA had a light
first M690 used a hull that had was often used as a fire tracked anti-aircraft gun.
been used for an M247). Other support vehicle in the absence However guns were really only
than the hull, the vehicle was of aircraft, although its weak suitable for close range air
identical to the M691. While turret armour was often seen defence and ideally against
not as good cross country it as a limiting factor in this role. helicopters. There was a need
was still an improvement on The origin of the name Diana for a missile system. At the
the vehicles in service. Initially is subject to much debate as same time there was a need
issued to M60 equipped units, no official records of the origin for a tank killing system to
by 2000 it could be found in exist. The most popular theory supplement the LAV75 and
any unit. There was also an is that it was named after the LAV75A1 with its 105mm gun.
unofficial version that used daughter of the designer, Karl A quick fix for this was the
M60 hulls, usually when the Adams. M917 which used the LAV75
turret was damaged beyond hull with the M990 turret with
repair. These are sometimes A design using an identical 4 ADATS missiles that were
listed as the M690E1 but that turret on a Chieftain hull was designed for use against both
was not an official designation. unsuccessfully entered in the aircraft and armour.
British self-propelled AA gun
M691 “Diana” trials in 1993. Trials vehicles only had been
completed by 1995 when the
As the M1A1 came online to system was rushed into
replace the M1 and IMPM1, service as an emergency
something that was never measure. Never manufactured

M691 of the 4/5 Air Defense Artillery, 1st Cavalry Division, Poland Spring 1997

18
U.S. Air Defense Vehicles

in large numbers it was few Mexican aircraft available.created by Texas Instru-

appreciated by the troops who ments). Despite some sources
used it for its versatility A number are also listed as stating that it was the same
although the hi-tech missiles being used by the 49 th radar as the M247, this is not
could be hard to obtain. A Armoured Division and may the case. It had been
pintel mount was often added have still been on their books considered but the radar on
in the field next to the com- at the start of the war. the M988 was one of its
mander's hatch. This had not biggest problems. Despite the
been fitted to production unusual calibre it was accepted
vehicles over worries that for service and issued to ADA
anything mounted would units supporting divisions
interfere with turret traversing equipped with the LAV75.
– troops using the vehicle
tended to be less worried M998 “Avenger”
about this than being unable
to defend themselves against Whilst the light divisions were
infantry threats. Original tracked chassis with the large auto- happy with the LAV-PIVAD and
loader at the rear
LAV-AD, the 82nd and 101st
M975A3 Roland II were in need of a lighter
vehicle. As a quick fix the
This was an attempt to replace M990 “Custer” M998 was developed. This
the M163 and M48 with a used the HMMWV body with a
missile system, the Franco- With the introduction of the small turret holding two quad
German Roland II. Cost LAV75 into service, considera- stinger pods with an M3P HMG
increases, however, killed the tion was made as to using the for local defence and use
project in the mid 1980s. hull for other variants. A against slow moving
Originally a modified M109 nu mbe r of a n ti - air cr a ft helicopters. Once the vehicle
chassis was used with the systems were trialled. The came into service the USMC
missile launcher module winner of the competition was looked carefully at its
mounted on it. With the a turret designed by Bofors performance and borrowed
abandoning of the program the that featured two 30mm four for trials. Impressed at
launchers were moved onto cannon mounted one on each what they found they ordered
the back of soft-skin trucks side of a lightweight turret a number. The US Army also
and issued to a National Guard containing the radar system ordered a large number for the
battalion. By 1990 most had (an off the shelf package light units to supplement the
been mothballed. In 1998 they
were pulled from storage and
issued to the newly formed
77th Air Defence Artillery M990 of the 1-4th
ADA, 9th Infantry
Regiment, using a mix of both Division (Motorized)
Iran Spring 1998
hull types. They were rushed
south, where the missiles
came as a nasty shock to the

19
U.S. Air Defense Vehicles

LAV-PIVAD. As production of M998A1E1 Experimental Vehicles

the M691 proceeded slowly,
additional numbers were After the success of the As the war continued, several
ordered for the heavier M998A1, a number of units experimental models were
divisions as a temporary fix. experimented with changing blueprinted and test-built.
They proved so popular the M3P and one of the pods These included such vehicles
however they were often for a Bushmaster 25mm as the XM247E1 Sergeant
retained even after the M691s cannon, usually taken from a York II, the XM258 “Lion” (of
were available. By 1996 they damaged Bradley. These were which, 5 working models were
were the most numerous of never type-standardised but built), the M12 LADA, and the
the US's air defence platforms. were a common sight in all M21/M22 LADA, both of which
They were also ordered by the theatres. utilized experimental laser
USAF for base defence. technology.
M1097 “Armored Avenger”
None of these experimental
With the success of the M998, vehicles ever saw widespread
a number of the armoured service, or were even
HMMWVs were converted into produced on a large scale. As
an air defence role. While such, they are very rare finds
there was little need of the indeed.
M998 of the 49th Armored Division armour in the conventional
June 1999
role , they we re often
upgraded to M1097A1 and
M1097A1E1 standards (as per
M998A1 the M998) and used as
surrogate HMMWV FSVs,
Despite the success of the although their higher silhou-
M998, there was a problem in ette makes them inferior in
that the M3P MG did not have this role.
a 360 degree field of fire due
to the mount (it was incapable
of firing to the front). In an
attempt to improve this the
M998A1 was developed where
one of the Stinger pods is
replaced by the M3P .50 cal
MG. This allows a much better
field of fire for the MG; a full
360 degrees, although at the
expense of some of the ready U.S. Air Force M1097 used for base defense
in Iran.
missiles. Note the sniper team on top. It was
common practice for the sniper to use a
tracer round to direct the fire of the M3P on
the target.

20
Africa

Skyraiders continued from Pg 13 Counteroffensive became even more dire.

Humiliated by the failure of
Meanwhile, the U.S. With air support provided by their offensive and feeling
government moved swiftly to the 228th's Cobra gunships betrayed by their Soviet allies,
acquire additional air support and A-1J Skyraiders, and the Tanzanian government
assets for the BCT. Seven A-1J armored support in the form of and military turned on itself
Skyraiders originally one of the Kenyan Army's and the country collapsed into
purchased by the Confederate armored brigades' Vickers Mk a brutal civil war. Scattered
Airforce (a Texas-based non- 3s and Panhard AMLs, the Tanzanian army units
profit organization dedicated paratroopers and their Kenyan continued to raid across the
to preserving and showing allies took to the offensive. By Kenyan border. The Ugandan
historical aircraft at air shows the 25th of July, the Tanzanian government also collapsed.
primarily throughout the U.S. army had been pushed back to Former Ugandan army troops
and Canada) from the within several kilometers of joined the Lord's Army in
government of Chad were the Tanzanian border. pushing deeper into Kenyan
awaiting shipment out of territory. Incursions by Somali
Mombasa when the Tanzanian French Involvement bandits increased. Citing the
attack occurred. They were correlation of increased
The French government Western presence in Kenyan
wanted access to the fuel and East Africa's mounting
produced by the Kenyan problems, the Junudullah grew
refineries. They offered the and became bolder in their
American government French- attacks.
made AFVs originally en route
to its African client states in By mid-2000, the 173rd has
exchange for a share of the been operating in Kenya for
fuel produced in Kenya. The three years. They have not
procured by the United States U.S., unable to adequately received replacement
go ve r nme nt and be gan provide replacement vehicles personnel since early 1998.
operating in support of the for the 173rd BCT, accepted Shipments of ammunition and
173rd in early July. The the offer. The shipment was spare parts have also all but
Skyraiders were flown by a diverted to Mombasa, arriving ceased. Only a handful of the
mix of PMC and Army fixed- in early August, 2007. The BCT's fixed wing and rotary
wing pilots. Initially , only four 3/503 (motorized) henceforth aircraft are operational at any
were operational. The began operations equipped given time. Very little fuel is
remaining three were with Panhard VBLs, VABs, and being produced at the refinery.
eventually used to replace to ERC 90 F4s. Most of the brigade's ground
combat losses.
vehicles have been converted
The Aftermath to run on alcohol, saving what
little gasoline is available for
With the onset of limited its aircraft. Elements of the
nuclear warfare in November 173rd BCT are scattered
of 1997, the situation in Africa around the country, with

21
Africa

Brigade HQ relocated to of the war in the autumn of Farms and farming villages
Nairobi. The BCT is combating 1997. Shipments of were overrun, crops plundered
a host of enemies, most of replacement personnel and or ruined, and atrocities
which can be broadly catego- e q u i p me n t , amm u n i t i o n , against civilians committed on
rized as marauders. Fighting supplies, and spare parts from an alarming scale. The Kenyan
alongside the Americans are CENTCOM and CONUS slowed infantry brigades assigned to
the remains of the once to a trickle. The forces in and the region were hard pressed
formidable Kenyan army, the around the strategically to stem the flow of Ugandan
British Army's Africa training important refinery and port marauders. Scattered reports
cadre (including an SAS facilities in Mombasa braced of disgruntled Kenyan troops
mobility group in the north), a for a nuclear attack which deserting from their units and
few French military "advisors", fortunately never came. joining the Ugandan
and multi-national PMC marauders began to reach
personnel (mostly Israeli) With the continuation of Nairobi. The 1/503 and 2/503
formerly employed guarding drought conditions throughout parachute infantry battalions
the refineries (this duty East Africa, the food situation were sent to western Kenya to
has been taken over by stabilize the situation
the USN and USCG). and secure the
valuable food produc-
Operations 1997-2000 ing regions.

Throughout the remainder As of July 2000, the

of 1997, the Herd's 1/503 remained in
infantry battalions western Kenya, along
remained concentrated with elements of the
around the strategically 2/503. Other
impo r tant cit ie s of elements of the
Mombasa and Nairobi. 2/503 formed ad-hoc
Although the Tanzanian task forces that were
offensive had been blunted
LRA Forces, Uganda border Summer 1998 deployed to trouble
and throw n back, the spots in the north of the
remnants of the Tanzanian for the Herd, as well as country, as circumstances
military, including rogue forces Kenya's urban population, dictated. Along with most of
of Tanzanian origin, still soon became critical. Kenya's the Brigade Combat Team's
retained the capacity to western highlands, one of the remaining operational aircraft,
threaten southern Kenya. Africa's most productive the 4/503 (airmobile) were
agricultural regions, became based around Nairobi and
Operations focused on an area of strategic operated mostly in the central
destroying the remnants of the importance. At the same time, highlands. A Troop, 1/91st
invasion force remaining in the incursions by LRA and Cavalry and the 3/503 (light
frontier region. An operational renegade Ugandan military motorized), using French-
shift occurred after the units in the region increased made AFVs, operated out of
escalation of the nuclear phase as the situation in Uganda Mombasa and were tasked
spiraled out of control. with keeping the Mombasa to
22
Africa

Nairobi highway open.

Throughout Kenya, the 173rd
BCT operated alongside loyal
Kenyan military forces which,
for the most part, displayed
professionalism and fighting
spirit.

Recondo School

In early 1998, with the 173rd

BCT isolated from the rest of
the U.S. armed forces and its
constituent infantry battalions
widely spread around the
country and responsible for
Recondos of the 173rd BCT on patrol in Kenya, Spring 1998
large and environmentally
diverse areas of operation, it
The cadre for the school was experience with the students.
quickly became apparent that
formed by a small group of There were also British SAS
the Brigade's authorized
experienced Special Forces mobility troops, operating
reconnaissance unit, A Troop,
soldiers familiar with Kenya against Somali bandits and
1/91st Cavalry, could not be
and its people. A diverse Junudullah insurgents in the
everywhere at once. In order
group of men was assembled northeast of the country, that
to locate and monitor the
to lend local and topical were routinely rotated through
var io us ho s t ile fo r ce s*
knowledge and expertise to the course as "guest
operating in their respective
the course. This group instructors".
areas of operation, each
included a Rhodesian
battalion needed a dedicated,
expatriate, and former Selous Graduates of the Recondo
long-range reconnaissance
Scout, with extensive school formed long range
unit of its own.
experience in long range reconnaissance patrol (LRRP)
patrolling in the African bush, platoons in each of the
The Brigade's commander, a
and an Israeli citizen and ex- Brigade's airborne infantry
late-war Vietnam veteran and
Sayeret Maktal commando battalions. Additional allied
former Ranger, decided to
who "retired" to Kenya after a personnel cycled through the
create a training course for
stint as an independent school in small batches and
long range reconnaissance
security consultant at the returned to their parent line
patrollers modeled on the
refinery facilities in Mombasa. companies in order to share
Vietnam War-era U.S. Army
Several Kenyan soldiers, game their newly acquired patrolling
Recondo school. The course
wardens, and indigenous, semi skills.
would focus on long range
patrolling and scouting skills, -nomadic hunters were also
tracking, field-craft, and SERE. brought in to share their

*Most of these hostile forces operated as relatively small, mobile bands, using classic guerilla tactics.
23
Africa

BCT Operations western highlands, one of the operated mostly in the central
November 1997-July 2000 Africa's most productive highlands. A Troop, 1/91st
agricultural regions, became a Cavalry and the 3/503 (light
Throughout the remainder of area of strategic importance. motorized), using French-
1997, the Herd's infantry made AFVs, operated out of
battalions remained concen- At the same time, incursions Mombasa and were tasked
trated around the strategically by LRA and renegade Ugandan with keeping the Mombasa-to-
important cities of Mombasa military units in the region Nairobi highway open.
and Nairobi. Although the increased as the situation in Throughout Kenya, the 173rd
Tanzanian offensive had been Uganda spiraled out of control. BCT operated alongside loyal
blunted and thrown back, the Farms and farming villages Kenyan military forces which,
remnants of the Tanzanian were overrun, crops plundered for the most part, displayed
military, including rogue forces or ruined, and atrocities professionalism and fighting
of Tanzanian origin, still against civilians committed on spirit.
retained the capacity to an alarming scale. The Kenyan
threaten southern Kenya. infantry brigades assigned to End.
Operations focused on the region were hard pressed
destroying the remnants of the to stem the flow of Ugandan
invasion force remaining in the marauders. Scattered reports
frontier region. of disgruntled Kenyan troops
deserting from their units and
An operational shift occurred joining the Ugandan
after the escalation of the marauders began to reach
nuclear phase of the war in Nairobi. The 1/503 and 2/503
the autumn of 1997. parachute infantry battalions
Shipments of replacement were sent to western Kenya to
personnel and equipment, stabilize the situation and
ammunition, supplies, and secure the valuable food
Ugandan marauders working over a
spare parts from CENTCOM producing regions. villager, Nairobi 1999
and CONUS slowed to a
trickle. The forces in and As of July 2000, the 1/503
around the strategically remained in western Kenya,
important refinery and port along with elements of the
facilities in Mombasa braced 2/503. Other elements of the
for a nuclear attack which 2/503 formed ad-hoc task
fortunately never came. forces that were deployed to
trouble spots in the north of
With the continuation of the country, as circumstances
drought conditions throughout dictated. Along with most of
East Africa, the food situation the Brigade Combat Team's
for the Herd, as well as remaining operational aircraft,
Kenya's urban population, the 4/503 (airmobile) were
soon became critical. Kenya’s based around Nairobi and

24
 The twilight war
Naval forces
Written by: Matt Wiser

When the Cold War turned hot, various militaries sent

their forces to fight in a variety of locations. This listing
for American naval forces gives an indication of where
various sea units were located during the war.

U.S. Navy USS Antietam (CG-54) US Seventh Fleet:

w/HSL-45 det 3 (SH-60B) Headquarters—NS Guam
PACFLT: USS Chosin (CG-65) USS Constellation (CV-64)
Headquarters—Hilo, HI w/HSL-41 det 7 (SH-60B) w/ CVW-2 (tailcode NE)

US Third Fleet: USS California (CGN-36) VF-1: F-14D

Headquarters—Hilo, HI
USS Stethem (DDG-63) VF-2: F-14D

Homeport: NAS Alameda, CA USS Paul F. Foster (DD-964) VFA-137: F/A-18C

w/ HSL-41 det 2 (SH-60B)
USS Carl Vinson (CVN-70) VFA-151: F/A-18C
with CVW-15 (tailcode NL) USS Estocin (FFG-15)
w/HSL-84 det 2 (SH-2F) VA-145: A-6F
VF-51: F-14D
USS Halyburton (FFG-40) VA-155: A-6F
VF-111: F-14D w/ HSL-45 det 5 (SH-60B)
VS-38: S-3B
VFA-27: F/A-18C
VAQ-131: EA-6B
VFA-97: F/A-18C
VAW-116: E-2C
VA-52: A-6F
VQ-5 det 6: ES-3B
VS-37: S-3B
HS-14: SH-60F/HH-60H
VAQ-134: EA-6B
USS Anzio (CG-68)
VAW-114: E-2C w/ HSL-45 det 2 (SH-60B)

VQ-5 det 5: ES-3B USS Port Royal (CG-73)

w/ HSL-49 det 1 (SH-60B)
HS-4: SH-60F/HH-60H

25
Naval Forces
USS Mississippi (CGN-40) Shore Based at:
Anderson AFB, Guam
USS Ramage (DDG-61)
VRC-50: C-2A, US-3A, C-130F

USS Carney (DDG-64)

VQ-1: EP-3E

USS Fletcher (DD-992)

VQ-5: ES-3B, S-3A
w/ HSL-49 det 8 (SH-60B)
HC-5; HH-46A
USS Gary (FFG-51)
w/HSL-45 det 6 (SH-60B)
CVW-2 is shore-based at Anderson
when not embarked.
USS Mitscher (DDG-57)
Shore Based at:
NAS Lemoore, CA LANTFLT USS Briscoe (DD-977)
Headquarters—Little Creek w/ HSL-46 det 7 (SH-60B
VF-124: F-14A/B/D Amphibious Base, VA
USS Elrod (FFG-55)
VFA-125: F/A-18A/B/C/D w/ HSL-42 det 6 (SH-60B)
US Second Fleet
VS-41: S-3B Headquarters— Little Creek US Naval Forces Europe
Portsmouth England
HCS-5: HH-60H USS George Washington (CVN-73)
w/CVW-17 (tailcode AA)
VFC-13: A-4F/M USS Theodore Roosevelt (CVN-71)
VF-74: F-14B w/CVW-8 (tailcode AJ)
VP-65: P-3C
VF-103: F-14B VF-41: F-14D
VP-91: P-3C
VFA-81: F/A-18C VF-84: F-14D
HS-10: SH-60F
VFA-83: F/A-18C VFA-15: F/A-18C
HSL-41: SH-60B
VA-34: A-6F/KA-6D VFA-87: F/A-18C
HC-1: CH-53E
VAQ-132: EA-6B VA-65: A-6E
VP-31: P-3C
VAW-125: E-2C VA-36: A-6E
Shore Based at:
VS-30: S-3B VS-24: S-3B
NAS Alameda, CA
HS-9: SH-60F/HH-60H VAQ-141: EA-6B
HM-15: MH-53E
VQ-6 det 2: ES-3B VAW-124: E-2C
CVW-15 is shore-based at Alameda
when not embarked. HS-3: SH-60F/HH-60H
USS Normandy (CG-60)
w/ HSL-44 det 1 (SH-60B)
VQ-6 det 4: ES-3B
USS South Carolina (CGN-37)
USS Yorktown (CG-48)
w/ HSL-42 det 4(SH-60B)

26
Naval Forces Supplementary Info

USS Hue City (CG-66) USS Des Moines (CA-134)

w/HSL-44 det 5 (SH-60B) Active Pacific: Involved in Korean
Campaign since 5/1/97. In port
USS Arkansas (CGN-41) Chinhae, ROK due to lack of fuel.

USS Cole (DDG-67)

Further 3rd Fleet:
USS Scott (DDG-995)
USS Boxer (LHD-6)
w/HSL-36 det 2 (SH-2F)
VMA-322 with AV-8B embarked.
The Battleships Ship was en route to Persian Gulf
USS Hayler (DD-997)
when nuclear exchange hit CONUS.
w/ HSL-44 det 6 (SH-60B)
USS Iowa (BB-61) In Port at Hilo, HI. Occasionally sails
Active Atlantic: Damage to #2 turret in Hawaiian waters supporting
USS McIrney (FFG-8)
repaired 1992 after accidental PACCOM's reconstruction efforts.
w/ HSL-42 det 7 (SH-60B
explosion in 1989. Damaged by Type
-65 torpedo fired from Soviet Akula- USS Forrest Sherman (DD-931)
USS Simpson (FFG-56)
class SSN 8/24/97 and beached near reactivated Jan 97. Assigned Pacific
w/ HSL-46 det 1 (SH-60B)
Bremerhaven, FRG. Hulk stripped and based at Pearl Harbor. At sea
and destroyed as part of Operation when Honolulu nuked and now
Shore Based at:
OMEGA. based at Hilo. She escorts Boxer on
NAS Oceana, VA her infrequent cruises. Only other
ship active at Hilo on a routine basis
VF-101: F-14A/B/D USS New Jersey (BB-62) is the Coast Guard Cutter USCG
Active Atlantic: Sunk by nuclear- Chase (WHEC-718).
VFA-106: F/A-18A/B/C/D tipped SS-N-19 SSMs fired from
Oscar-class SSGN 9/8/97 off of A number of interisland civilian ships
VA-42: A-6E/F, KA-6D Bergen, Norway. have been pressed into Navy service
to support Hawaiian ops and
VAW-120: E-2C, C-2A reconstruction.
USS Missouri (BB-63)
HSL-40: SH-60B) Active Pacific: Active off Korea and Further 7th Fleet:
in containment of SOVPACFLT 1996-
VP-30: P-3C 97. In port at Chinhae, ROK due to USS Semmes (DDG-18):
lack of fuel. Chinhae, ROK. One of only two 7th
VP-45: P-3C
FLT ships in Korea active on a
regular basis. Frequent Patrols in
CVW-17 is shore-based at NAS USS Wisconsin (BB-64) Yellow Sea supporting SEAL opera-
Oceana when not embarked Active Pacific: Active off Korea and tions in North Korea and in China.
Aleutians. Destroyed Soviet Other active ship in Korea is USS
reinforcement convoy headed for Vincennes (CG-49) with HSL-47
CVW-8 is shore-based at RNAS Alaska 6/18/97. Damaged by det 1 (SH-60B)
Yevoliton, England when not em- conventional torpedo (one hit) in
barked. bow from Victor-II SSN 11/22/97
and headed for Pearl Harbor, HI for Guam: USS Essex (LHD-2) at NS
repairs. Diverted to Hilo after Guam.
nuclear strike on Honolulu. In port She "shows the flag" in the
Hilo for lack of fuel, but still Marianas: VMA-124 with AV-8B
seaworthy. embarked for, but never arrived, in
Korea. She had also embarked
Marine replacements for Korea, but
put into Guam after nuclear

27
Naval Forces
South Africa and Brazil to the
exchange reached CONUS. USS Topeka (SSN-754)
Barents Sea. Both avoid combat
unless it is unavoidable.
Marines formed into the 41st MEU Torpedoes are still reasonably
(Provisional). Her escort is USS available; but Harpoons and
The boomers belong to the relocated
Turner Joy (DD-951); reactivated Tomahawks are in short supply.
Submarine Squadron 20, originally
Jan 97 and assigned Pacific. Patrols to Alaska, Soviet Far East,
from King's Bay, GA.
Escorted Essex on her transPac and China, and adjacent waters.
remains based at Guam. Provides
USS West Virginia (SSBN-736)
fire support for Marines and Army's Sub Base Bangor, WA
1-294 Infantry Battalion (GU NG). USS Parche has already been USS Nebraska (SSBN-739)
Additional Marines that never made mentioned. Milgov is still very
it to Korea are on Saipan and Tinian secretive regarding her missions. A USS Louisiana (SSBN-743)
organized into the 42nd MEU (Prov) platoon from SEAL Team 1 is
on Saipan and 43rd MEU (Prov) on assigned to the boat. All missile boats still carry a full
Tinian. Several inter-island ships
missile load-out, as well as
pressed into Navy service to support The boomers belong to Submarine torpedoes. The boats executed SIOP
Marines. Squadron 17. launches, and several post-SIOP
launches in 1998-99. Before King's
USS Florida (SSBN-728) Bay was abandoned, the three boats
loaded replacement missiles,
USS Alabama (SSBN-731) submarine spare parts, and
maintenance personnel for both the
USS Alaska (SSBN-732) subs and missiles.

USS Nevada (SSBN-733) Two reasons for seven surviving

Ohios: 1) Two were at EB in Groton,
All four boats executed SIOP when CT, being refitted to carry Trident II
ordered on Thanksgiving Day, 1997. when the nukes fell; that leaves
None expended their whole load of eight. The boomers listed are active;
missiles; Nevada only expended thus: 2) Several other boomers are
Submarines two, as an example. Missile tubes in port, but are inactive due to parts
were reloaded and the boats and personnel shortages. At both
PACFLT continue patrols, with Florida and Bangor and Little Creek, other
Alaska launching in 1998 (four and boomers are used as parts sources
two respectively), and Nevada to keep the active boats going. Only
NS Guam launching in 1999 (two). Torpedoes one Ohio is believed sunk by enemy
USS Columbus (SSN-762). are still available at Bangor. action in the war. Bangor has the
No shortage of Mk-48 torpedoes, but
only dry dock that can handle an
Harpoon SSMs and Tomahawks are LANTFLT Ohio anywhere that survives intact.
in limited supply. Frequent patrols to
Little Creek, VA An expedition is planned to investi-
China, North Korean, and Soviet Far
gate King's Bay to determine if any
East waters, with occasional patrols
USS City of Corpus Christi (SSN- equipment is still there and
to SE Asia.
705) salvageable. More parts, personnel,
etc. are at Bangor. Hence four
Hilo, HI surviving boomers. There is a
USS Tuscon (SSN-770)
USS La Jolla (SSN-701) floating dry dock that was moved
Both boats have a shortage of from Pearl to Hilo before the
USS Houston (SSN-713) Thanksgiving Massacre as a
torpedoes and Harpoon/Tomahawk,
and 705 is used as a "special precaution to support PACFLT if
USS Helena (SSN-725) Pearl was nuked. Columbus was
missions" boat. Tuscon conducts
patrols in Atlantic waters, from rotated to Guam. When her tour is
up, La Jolla will take her slot.
28
Naval Forces

NAS Whidbey Island, WA

VA-128: A-6E/F/KA-6D

VAQ-129: EA-6B

VF-124 det 1: F-14B

In Issue 2, naval forces in

other parts of the world,
including some British naval
forces, will be detailed.

Want to get your hands on some action?

Twilight: 2000 is available through Amazon.com

Includes a compilation of: 1st edition rules, and the European adventure
modules of “Free City of Krakow”, “Pirates of the Vistula”,
“Ruins of Warsaw”, and “Black Madonna”

29
 Next issue
What’s in store for next issue? Well, I have some material to use, but I could certainly use more!
The more material that you fans submit to this fanzine, the better it will become. So if you’ve got
some character’s generated, an adventure, more information, a variant rule, a story, art, anything
that you’ve created that you wouldn’t mind sharing with others, please send it my way.

All submissions are attributed to the people who wrote them, and effort is made to present it in the
best possible way.

So next issue look for some of the following:

More information on Naval forces
A location for possible adventures
Details on special combat units
A detailed military unit for use in adventures
And more as it becomes available!

Comments and suggestions are welcomed. Please email your comments or submissions to:
[email protected]

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 disclaimer
The Twilight:2000 game in all forms is owned by Far Future Enterprises. Copyright 1981 - 2012 Far Future Enterprises.
Twilight:2000 is a registered trademark of Far Future Enterprises. Far Future permits web sites and fanzines for this
game, provided it contains this notice, that Far Future is notified, and subject to a withdrawal of permission on 90 days
notice. The contents of this site are for personal, non-commercial use only. Any use of Far Future Enterprises's copy-
righted material or trademarks anywhere on this web site and its files should not be viewed as a challenge to those
copyrights or trademarks. In addition, any program/articlesfile on this site cannot be republished or distributed without
the consent of the author who contributed it.

All content copyright belongs to contributing and attributed authors of each individual article. All photos are copyright
their respective owner. No infringement intended. No rights are claimed by this publication, save for the title of the
publication.

Special thanks to: Matt Wiser, James Langham, Jason Weiser, Raellus, Dave Ross, Peter Grining, Cdnwolf, and the
crew at the Juhlin discussion boards for their support and enthusiasm in keeping the interest in this game alive.

“Good Luck, You’re On Your Own” fanzine is assembled by Phil Hatfield and is released free of charge and not for profit.

31
good lucK, you’re on your own.

32