THEORY AND DESIGN OF IRRIGATION STRUCTURES Volume II
CHAPTER 1 Irrigation Structures on Permeable Foundation
Introduction, Bligh’s Creep Theory, Lane’s Weighted Creep Theory, Potential Flow
Theory, Properties of a Flow Net, Trial and Error of Graphical Method, Mathematical
Solution of Laplace Equation, Khosla’s Theory of Independent Variables, Method of
Electrical Analogy, Method of Relaxation, Seepage Force and Safety Against Piping,
Inverted Filter, Considerations in the Design of Structures of Permeable Strata, Design
with Considerable of Scour, Structural Design.
CHAPTER 2 Hydraulic Jump & Energy Dissipation Devices
Hydraulic Jump (Standing wave) Phenomenon, Normal & Sequent Depths in
Rectangular Channels-Design Chart, End Depth, Forms of Hydraulic Jump, Energy
Dissipators, Design Criteria of Different Energy Dissipators, Hydraulic Design of Stilling
Basin (for low Froude Number) Design Examples.
CHAPTER 3 Transitions
Introduction, Contracting Transitions, Expanding Transitions, Design Examples.
CHAPTER 4 Foundations and Explorations
Types of Foundations, Types of Spread Foundations, Depth of Foundations Bearing
Capacity, Terzaghi’s Analysis, Standard Penetration Test, Plate Loading Test, Settlement
of Foundations, Allowable Bearing Pressure, Bearing Capacity under Eccentric Loading
Examples, Soil Explorations.
CHAPTER 5 Canal Head Works
Introduction, Types of Diversion Works, Location of a Weir, Types of Weirs,
Components of Headworks, Divide Wall or Groyne Effect of Construction of a Weir on
the River Regime, Failure of Weirs on Permeable Foundation, Considerations in Design
of Weir or Barrage, Design with Consideration of Surface Flow, Design with
Consideration of Hydraulic Jump, Design of Barrage (stepwise procedure), Examples on
Design of Barrage, Design Example on Head Regulator, Example on Structural Design of
Wing Wall and Abutment Barrage, Effect of Three Dimensional Seepage Flow on the
Design of Barrage Floor, Example of uplift Pressures with 3D Seepage Flow.
CHAPTER 6 Cross Regulator
General, Off-Take Alignment, Design of Cross and Head Regulator off-taking Channel
(Design Criteria), Design Example on Cross and Head Regulators.
CHAPTER 7 Sediment Control and Exclusion Devices
General, Classification of Sediment Control (Measures and Devices), Sediment
Preventive Measures, Sediment Control Devices, Design Example of King’s Vanes on
Distributary Skimming Platform, Vortex Tubes, Sediment Excluders, Design Example on
Sediment Excluder, Sediment Ejectors or Extractors, Design Example of a Sediment
Ejector,Advantages and Disadvantages of Excluders and Ejectors, Sediment Basins or
Sedimentation Chambers, Design Example of a Sedimentation Chamber.
CHAPTER 8 Canal Falls
Introduction, Type of Falls, Selection of Type of Fall, Principles of Design, Design of
Sharda Type Fall, Design of Glacis Fall, Energy Dissipators, Freeboard, Parapat Wall and
Railing, Gauge Well, Low Discharge Falls, Design of Sharda Type Fall for Q = 10 cumec
and for Q = 50 cumec, Design Example on Unflumed Straight Glacis Non Meter Fall,
Design Example on Flumed Straight Glacis Meter, Falls, Design Example on
UnflumedNon Meter Baffle Fall, Design Example on Flumed Baffle Meter Fall.
CHAPTER 9 Drainage Works
Necessity of Cross Drainage Works, Classification of Cross Drainage Works, Selection
of Suitable Type of Cross Drainage Works, Foundations and Cross-Sections, Important
Features of Design of Cross Drainage Works, Design Discharge, Waterway of the Drain,
Discharge and head loss through the Cross Drainage Works, Fluming of Canal Water-
way, Uplift Pressure on the Roof or Underside of Trough, Uplift Pressure on the floor of
the Syphon Adueduct, Uplift in Syphon Barrels, Exit Gradient, Design Examples on
Aqueduct, Syphon Aqueduct, Barrel Type Syphon Aqueduct, Syphon, Example on
Structural Design of Syphon Barrel, Example on Superpassage.
CHAPTER 10 Miscellaneous Canal Structures
Outlet Works, Components of Outlet Works, Design of Sluice, Meters, Venturi Flume,
Standing Wave flume, Escape, Bridges, General Instruction for Design of Canal Bridges
(Decking R. C. Slab), Design of Roadway, Design Example on Piers of Aqueduct,
Proportional Distributors.
CHAPTER 11 Investigations and Planning for Dams and Reservoirs
Introduction, Selection of a Dam Site, Types of Reservoirs and Zones of Storage, Types
of Dams, Selection of a Suitable Type of Dam, Investigations, Engineering Surveys,
Geological Investigations, Items of Investigations, Investigation area, Stages of
Investigations, Methods of Investigations, Explorations by Geophysical Methods,
Exploration by Fits & Trenches, Exploration by Boring-Drifts-Shafts, Explorations by
Field and Laboratory Testing, Exploration for Construction material, Hydrological
Investigations, Fixation of Storage Capacity of Reservoirs, Reservoir Operation, Flood
Routing, Economic Height of Dam, Reservoir Losses, Sediment in Reservoirs, Life of a
Reservoirs, Allocation of Costs of Multipurpose River Valley Projects.
CHAPTER 12 Spillways
Introduction, Factors Affecting Design, Components of Spillways, Types of Spillways,
Selection of Spillway Type and Size, Location of Spillway, Design Principles of Ogee or
Overflow Spillway, Design Example on Hydraulic Design of Ogee Spillway and Bucket
Type Energy Dissipator, Design Principles of Side Channel Spillways, Design Principles
of Chute Spillway, Design Example on Hydraulic Design of Shute Spillway, Design
Principles of Syphon Spillway, Design Principle of Shaft Spillway.
CHAPTER 13 Gravity Dams
General, Dam Parameters, Criteria for Selection of Dam Site, Construction Materials,
Foundation Treatment, Joint and Keys, Cooling Arrangements, Waterstops at Joints,
Closing Gaps, Forces Acting on Dam, Types of Loads, Stability Analysis Methods,
Safety Criteria, Gravity Analysis Elementary Profile of a Gravity Dam, Examples on
Elementary Profiles, Determination of Profiles of a Dam, Top Width and Free-Board,
Design Example on Gravity Dam, Effect of Foundation Elasticity on Stresses in the Dam,
Galleries Instrumentation.
CHAPTER 14 Buttress and Arch Dams
General, Types of Buttress Dams, Provision of Spillways and Outlet Works, Design
Principles, Advantages and Disadvantages of Buttress Dams, Arch Dams-General,
Valleys suited for Arch Dams Laying out Dam in Plan, Types of Arch Dams, The
Appurtanent Works, Design of an Arch Dams, Design Examples, Constant Radius Arch
Dam-Constant Angle Arch Dam.
CHAPTER 15 Earth and Rockfill Dams
Introduction, Foundation for Earth Dams, Causes of Failure of Earth Dams, Design
Criteria of Earth Dams, Prevention of Erosion, Embankment Details, Seepage through
Dams, Seepage or Phreatic Line, Stability of Slopes, Control of Seepage through
Foundations, Drainage in Earth Dams, Selection of Type of Earth Dams, Maintenance
and Treatment of Common Troubles in Earth Dams, Design Example on Earth Dams.
CHAPTER 16 Hydro Electric Development
General-Types of Power Plants, Terms Relating to Hydro-Power, Main Types of Power
Plants, Turbines, Selection of the Turbine, Setting of Turbines, Main Parts of a Hydro-
Electric System.
