International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)

Volume 7 Issue 5, September-October 2023 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 – 6470

A Comparative Study to Assess the Post Covid Respiratory Status

among Tobacco and Non-Tobacco Users at SMCH in Thandalam
Parimala. L1, Rathina Priya. V2
1
Assistant Professor, Department of Medical and Surgical Nursing, SIMATS, Thandalam, Tamil Nadu, India
2
B.Sc. Nursing, 4th Year, Saveetha College of Nursing, SIMATS, Thandalam, Tamil Nadu, India

ABSTRACT How to cite this paper: Parimala. L |

Background: The present study aims to assess the post COVID Rathina Priya. V "A Comparative Study
respiratory status among the tobacco and non- tobacco users. to Assess the Post Covid Respiratory
Materials and Methods: The quantitative approach with descriptive Status among Tobacco and Non-
Tobacco Users at SMCH in Thandalam"
research design coherent study was conducted in the host institution
Published in
of Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals. A total of 30 study International
participants were recruited using purposive sampling technique based Journal of Trend in
on the inclusion criteria, the demographic and clinical data was Scientific Research
collected by using a self-structured questionnaire and the level of and Development
respiratory status was estimated during 1 week. Results: The (ijtsrd), ISSN:
outcome results identified that, among our study shows that among 2456-6470, IJTSRD60041
post COVID tobacco users, 15(100%) had abnormal forced vital Volume-7 | Issue-5,
capacity, 12(80%) had severe forced expiratory volume, 10(66.7%) October 2023, pp.789-793, URL:
had severe Fev1\FVC and 14(93.3%) had abnormal forced expiratory www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd60041.pdf
flow. Whereas among the post COVID non-tobacco users, 14(93.3%)
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had normal forced vital capacity, 12(80%) had normal forced International Journal of Trend in
expiratory volume, 11(73.3%) had normal Fev1\FVC and 12(80%) Scientific Research and Development
had normal forced expiratory flow. Conclusion: This study assessed Journal. This is an
there was significant difference in the level of post COVID Open Access article
respiratory status among the tobacco and non-tobacco users. distributed under the
terms of the Creative Commons
KEYWORDS: Post COVID respiratory status, tobacco, non-tobacco Attribution License (CC BY 4.0)
users (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)

INTRODUCTION
The unfold of an rising novel respiration pathogen is settings, once in a while ensuring in big
observed through uncertainity regarding its key NOSOCOMIAL outbreaks. Overcrowding in
epidemiological, medical and virological emergency rooms, non-adherence to IPC measures
characteristics, in particular its capacity to unfold and feasible environmental infection are idea to be
withinside the human populace and its virulence (case implicated in such amplification occasions throughout
severity). This is the case for the radical MERS-CoV outbreaks. Health employees play a
CORONAVIRUS referred to as excessive acute important function, now no longer best withinside the
respiration syndrome CORONAVIRUS 2 (SARS- medical control of sufferers however additionally in
coV-2), first detected in Wuhan, china as a cluster making sure that good enough IPC measures are
odd pneumonia instances in December 2019. This applied in fitness care facilities. In addition,
novel CORONAVIRUS might also additionally were preliminary surveillance regularly focuses typically
circulating for numerous months earlier than the on sufferers with excessive sickness. As a result, the
detection of sustained human-to-human transmission overall spectrum of ailment won’t be clear, inclusive
in December 2019, with occurrence cost of of the volume and percentage of moderate or
contamination doubling in length each 7.4 days asymptomatic infections that don’t require scientific
withinside the early degrees and an expected simple interest and the position such infections may also play
reproductive variety of 2.2. in secondary transmission.
Other CORONAVIRUS, which include intense acute Smoking records is described as a records of non-stop
respirations syndrome CORONAVIRUS (SARS- or cumulative smoking minimum 6 months all
CoV) and Middle and East respiration syndrome through the entire life (World Health Organization,
CORONAVIRUS (MERS-CoV), were characterized 1997), and cigarette smoking is pretty regular

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 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
everywhere in the world. It kills about 50% of tuberculosis and pneumonia relative to non-people
customers and eight million human beings are died who smoke (Warren et al., 2014; Brake et al., 2020).
from it each year, 1.2 million of which might be
METHODS AND MATERIALS:
uncovered to the second-hand smoking (Lippi et
The study was used quantitative research approach
al.,2020). The mechanisms of smoking in inducing
and descriptive research design with the sample size
the incidence of breathing illnesses are changing
of the study was 30 who has post COVID patients
airway architecture, improving mucosal permeability,
who were selected by purposive sampling technique
disrupting respiration epithelium and inhibiting
and who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The inclusion
ciliary clearance (Arcavi and Benowitz, 2004). It
criteria were both sex, clients who have no other co-
changed into said that smoking performed a critical
morbidities, clients who are willing to participate in
position in continual obstructive pulmonary disease
the study and the exclusion criteria includes were
(COPD) in advanced international locations which
clients who are absent at the time of data collection,
changed into the fourth main purpose of death
clients with any other comorbidity. The study was
(Agarwal et al., 2020), and people who smoke have
conducted at SMCH, THANDALAM. Self structured
been additionally much more likely to have
questionnaire was used to collect the demographic
multiplied prevalence of cancer, influenza,
variables and the level of respiratory status was
estimated during 1 week.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:
SECTION A: DESCRIPTION OF THE DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES OF TOBACCO USERS.
Table 1: Frequency and percentage distribution of demographic variables of post COVID tobacco users
and post COVID non-tobacco users. n = 30(15+15)
The table 1 shows that among post COVID tobacco users most of them, 11(73.3%) were aged between 30 – 40
years, 10(66.7%) were male, 7(46.7%) had formal and primary education respectively, 14(93.3%) were
employee, 9(60%) had family history of tobacco users, 6(40%) were Hindus, 9(60%) were married, 8(53.3%)
had the habit of smoking, 9(60%) had monthly income of less than 10,000, 8(53.3%) had persistent dyspnea as
post COVID complications, 6(40%) had the habit of smoking for 2 – 7 years, 9(60%) used cigarettes, had
respiratory problem before COVID, had collapsed lungs and were in the post COVID period of 2 – 3 months.
The table 1 shows that among post COVID non-tobacco users most of them, 7(46.7%) were aged between 30 –
40 years, 8(53.3%) were male, 5(33.3%) had higher secondary education, 7(46.7%) were employee, 9(60%) had
no family history of tobacco users, 5(33.3%) were Hindus, 10(66.7%) were married, 12(53.3%) had no habit of
smoking, 4(26.7%) had monthly income of less than 10,000, 10,000 – 35,000 and 35,000 – 60,000 respectively,
7(46.6%) had palpitations as post COVID complications, 12(80%) had no habit of smoking, 8(53.3%) had no
respiratory problem before COVID, had no respiratory complications and were in the post COVID period of less
than 1 month.

Figure 1: Percentage distribution of age of the post COVID tobacco users and post COVID non-
tobacco users

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SECTION B: ASSESSMENT OF LEVEL OF RESPIRATORY STATUS AMONG POST COVID
TOBACCO USERS AND POST COVID NON-TOBACCO USERS.
Table 2: Frequency and percentage distribution of respiratory status among post COVID tobacco
users and post COVID non-tobacco users.n = 30(15+15)
Post COVID Post COVID Non-
Respiratory status Level Tobacco Users Tobacco Users
F % F %
Forced Vital Abnormal (<80%) 15 100.0 1 6.7
Capacity (FVC) Normal (>80%) 0 0 14 93.3
Normal (<80%) 0 0 12 80.0
Forced Expiratory Mild (70% – 80%) 0 0 3 20.0
Volume (Fev1) Moderate (69% - 50%) 3 20.0 0 0
Severe (Less than 49%) 12 80.0 0 0
Normal (>70%) 1 6.7 11 73.3
Mild (60 – 69%) 0 0 4 26.7
Fev1/FVC
Moderate (50 – 59%) 4 26.6 0 0
Severe (<50%) 10 66.7 0 0
Forced Expiratory Normal (25% - 75%) 1 6.7 12 80.0
Flow (FEF) Abnormal (Above 75%) 14 93.3 3 20.0
The above table 2 shows that among post COVID tobacco users, 15(100%) had abnormal forced vital capacity,
12(80%) had severe forced expiratory volume, 10(66.7%) had severe Fev1/FVC and 14(93.3%) had abnormal
forced expiratory flow.
Whereas among the post COVID non-tobacco users, 14(93.3%) had normal forced vital capacity, 12(80%) had
normal forced expiratory volume, 11(73.3%) had normal Fev1/FVC and 12(80%) had normal forced expiratory
flow.

Figure 2: Percentage distribution of respiratory status among post COVID tobacco users and post
COVID non-tobacco users

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SECTION C: COMPARISON OF RESPIRATORY STATUS AMONG POST COVID TOBACCO
USERS AND POST COVID NON-TOBACCO USERS.
Table 3: Comparison of respiratory status among post COVID tobacco users and post COVID non-
tobacco users.
n = 30(15+15)
Post COVID Post COVID non- Mean Student
Respiratory Status tobacco users tobacco users Difference Independent ‘t’
Mean S.D Mean S.D Score test value
t = 2.709
Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) 67.70 11.51 86.53 23.35 18.83 p=0.014
S*
t = 14.357
Forced Expiratory Volume (Fev1) 44.43 9.64 83.27 4.09 38.84 p=0.0001
S***
t = 7.876
Fev1/FVC 46.53 11.41 85.63 15.48 39.10 p=0.0001
S***
t = 4.944
Forced Expiratory Flow (PEF) 82.67 6.29 61.33 15.48 21.34 p=0.0001
S***
***p<0.001, Significant
The table 3 depicts that the mean score of FVC users had good respiratory status than the post
among post COVID tobacco users was 67.70±11.51 COVID tobacco users.
and the mean score among post COVID non-tobacco DISCUSSION:
users was 86.53±23.35. The mean difference score Hence the research hypothesis H1 that stated earlier
was 18.83. The calculated student independent ‘t’ test
“There will be a significant difference between the
value of t = 2.709 was found to be statistically post COVID respiratory status between the tobacco
significant at p<0.05 level.
and non-tobacco users” was accepted.
The above table shows that the mean score of FEV1
Hence the research hypothesis H2 that stated earlier
among post COVID tobacco users was 44.43±9.64 “There will be a significant association of post
and the mean score among post COVID non-tobacco
COVID respiratory status between the tobacco and
users was 83.27±4.09. The mean difference score was non- tobacco users with their selected demographic
38.84. The calculated student independent ‘t’ test variables” was accepted for the demographic
value of t = 14.357 was found to be statistically
variables religion, habit of years and age and not
significant at p<0.001 level. accepted for all other demographic variables.
The above table shows that the mean score of CONCLUSION:
FEV1/FVC among post COVID tobacco users was The present study assessed the post COVID
46.53±11.41 and the mean score among post COVID respiratory status among tobacco and non-tobacco
non-tobacco users was 85.63±15.48. The mean users at SMCH in Thandalam. Based on statistical
difference score was 39.10. The calculated student findings, there was significant difference in the level
independent ‘t’ test value of t = 7.876 was found to be
of post COVID respiratory status among the tobacco
statistically significant at p<0.001 level.
and non-tobacco users. In which the tobacco users
The above table shows that the mean score of FEF had severe level of respiratory status than the non-
among post COVID tobacco users was 82.67±6.29 tobacco users.
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