Dand F block Clements Adecandium ia a tgansition element because ib ig tnkompletely Filled (id conprquastion inits ground state. Zine te nor a Ransttionr clemmkt because It iS Completely Felled (yd conbiquration ia betty ground state aod exited rT = 2a C4 unpaired electzon) Set = ad" € O Unpaired electron) ET W202J** is cotoured becouse Ti? ion Contain ome oonposved. electam and it undexgoes d-d transition [Sc Cao)J®* 16 cofonrless becouse it doesrit have ary ur ved electsorn por the dead 4xonsition. (iid Ie 1S because ¥ the lanthansid contaacken, akomic radit + Ad acd 5d Serves gq elements are quite similar. LiiTansition elements and thety Compounds au as good. catalyse because Btsir Variable oxidation 6takeg and Large svajae Mea with porous siaucture. “ Eeyay te Lrogly Regatwe . because fon is oxidized 4omn" One 40 Grable Conpeguaaton % don? Chol piled a5) Ube ve Slaong Yeduung agent, becouse It Undergoes Oxtdakon to AS Ustech ie Stable half filled t2g conpiguaation: S-C> Consequenes of lanthanotd contaackon: "Rr aod Wy have cimilay atomic yadit * Physical and chemical properties a, the ad and Sd Series 4 the transition elements ave. qwite Similaa thon expected. ie wee 46 decreased faers Lacon, to Lu CoHs. his ee 3 se lt centains Peas number 9 Unpaived eledsons S becouse Fine negative Wydeation enthalpy ie lower than fun q the 18k, and commit 24 ionizakon energies and ential AkboriZation. 6 ab © fransition metals ond roost their compousds Contains unpaired electaons , = they shows Partamagnetic. behaviour. Gib Zr.Ch and Wg ae Sept metals . because q the absence ar ved electrons thety enetallic bond 16 us Very Weak,K_ 2020 45 and theiy compounds Shows cabalytic - as elemen’ 1. Ci) Taaneition iy Vawable Oxdation stake and acevities, because F ue. laage Surfers Area calth, POROUS SIAMESE ell ond Gble 1s kecouse q. tha lantnancid Conianition. phys Chemicol properties a4 5 oe lb cand Hg Ove. Soft metals becouse q tre AbSere y Unpatved eleeyons, Hraiy metallic leond ie very waa, ad And 4d Series quite sien aan, 2-(1) gNag C204 + Quel —» Nazla,04 +420 + Nac. + = 075 mol CUI nDy +hICOH +O2 9 UKghOnO4 +AM20 LHS + SO Te 2a C4 unpaired elergor) ScSt = Sd CO Unpatred eledaon) Ti2? fe cotoured , because it conrins one wnpaired eletaor Usted andergoes d-d txansition: Se* ig cotomtess because, tc does it have any ampaired Aletrons for d-d +aansition. a educina | Gi CB 1s & Sinong ™* ager, because It Undesgees Otidation te 3! Which is stable hall billed tag Conpiquaaiioy i+ Go Bole Of tham Wave Contraction, in atomic gire > Bete 4 Team tay; ‘A Comes Ye . & Brno, ~ Oxcdakion Stake +3 Pe as i 7 Mn0q, + MnO. + 2120 Loispropoatonatea] EAR 2019 D Wn 05 +, 2TH £02 9 Kany — +ahg0 Taz Katon04 (dank green) 4Ktnoy +4Hcl — IkKMnO Setters) B= kono, Cpraple) mage sete : oe MnOu 4 07 + HzO > Quo, + Log +2087 4 C= E03 A . me TOK euHt > gto” oor, 4 eH,0 § ot Go Taansition is metal Qnd their compounds au ag Cabalysr they Vested 7s ange Swi ii) COA with Porous ee ze ise on SS ~ SrYion Value negative, Non oxidizes to MW” dua 10 Stable Stable contiquantson ‘¢ tot Chaly billed AP > cullen iS POSilive. pecouse negate hydrakon enthalpy 16 lower than Bum 4 18 and ionization energies *nd ehtalpy 4 atomization, dibre is because o very Srnall enesgy gap bebween Sh,edaod #5 Subshele in Artinvids, electaong con be Shitted fom ed to Sir3B) G2 TRansition metals generally pooms cotpurad Compounds , because is, unpatred “eleuegzons in thety d orbitale Whida andergo, CD Rroitigtt is highly positive because to®* undergo Teducnon 40 tod? oe to Stable convquaation gMod* Chal billed A?) COPY" ie negative , becouse ca?* Undeago Oxcdation +0 >? eee to Stable conpigutation % Cas? Charpy pilled tag) Cerause Rctnoids veacable oxcdakion Shakes other than +2 x ° Salil anongy Jap berween 6h, 64 and 45 cabitals: (2 Due to m ™ oe Comparable atDmic Sire, transition metals can be nigormely ama fowns alleys: Oi Oxedation stake orbitals. $ tn in MnO, is ewer acd cortaing: felled Mn aod behaves Toe Boe ae a tendaow to donate eledann poly Bur oxi vacane paaea Stake 4 ton in MaOy 16 higher and Contains : ieals. thereto : js POLY and behave a rule has a tendanw to accept eledan tb pat ae \ = i poe tattes tO RET Lhich io mesr Stable Lonpegualbr F- bled elenneats. tear 5 7 Rei YEAR 2018 10D Ba ete at is highly positive, because rot undergo ved ution to Mn’ due to Stable conpequiakeon g Muh Chal pilled do) a+ Brey? is ive , because Fe?? undergo oxidation te Fe due tp Stable Conbigutaton 4 ee Chaty riled de) 1S Staong yeducing age G2 16 due to more Number gorpaved electaons in Fe, les enthalpy 4 atomization je tugher than teak 4p Oe Wo got, allt Tite ga! Ti2? 15 colowtad ior, becouse Tcomtain one unpaired electron oshich undergo dd transition. Sct ia cotovaless because tt doesn’t bave any Unpaired. electron tear dad transition YER 201F I n0% | oxidakon State GMa in Mndg 1S +4 Ce 15s due 40 availability q Vacand A opbitals. thigh, choage /size roko and Smaller Sire Sp transite metal Jong: Si Loweer excdes ¢ 1aangition metal is loasic dua te +e donation $F electaor poiss from pled onbvitals Heghese oxides q taansition mebals is adic due to ts. accepting Clecion pans to the Vacant Ad orbits.foe os ers: ope metals, because g the absee g Unpalied electaons , Hoty weballec bond 16 very Weak, » *? Eevee $ Me/mi* is positive due to Aedution fren mB to Malt as nd is had filled 45 3B) Similasities bemwees Wmtranoids aod atnocds "Bote acknpids and lanthanoids Shows tonltakion tw akomic “Bok actenoids and. Aanthonoids exhibit Common onidatrem side +3 Ot Fference s between lanthanvids Sind ackinpids + In the case. Aanthanvids , 4£ cAbitals ase Progacssivels pitled Ohtle in Autinotde , Sh Alcitals ore. progressively pttiea. ‘banthanoids ave Competitive) ese Aeackne than athnoide * Acknoids Shem woone- ho: 4, Oxidation State than Lartranoid dua to bra Snetag gap between Sh. ed aod te orbitals A) Tonsition metals Chows Variable Oxidation Stakes dua +o Sroatter energy 99P between ng APAM-DdA osbitals Cm =n. cd gig aaa c, jon ig UNStable to Gt ion and Cu amd Ly, O During addition PY volne is In change. D chamistay Ss I Aguecns eolukion aod cis propostona: metal che te tte less negative Wudeatiooe Pur Ctubeun vole. F AKA: 4 orange coloured dichepmate ton, Ixveased ang. beconse lesa Audie. Ib doe. Results, % CBRouq to Yyellond- b wtnetds ane Conmphecated duo bo tha. petlowing, Re0246n, - dee ee Shows 4oagea Nunbes Sr Oxcdatien States dus MP AlLen ei : S™MA84 Jap between. St. ed acd 45 oxeicale Achmed wre AAdio Acive Aementy 2 OKtdatiion Stake is +6 DUD caSt ion 16 moze stabje Garon haty filled tag conptquaation- Gis on?" 16 staong Oxtdizeng agerk «because a Undeago Reduction Mot? which 6 more Stable due to hay billed de Bey ras. te Slowless becanse Ib is Sd” contegeaation and Or have. any fem unpatred. electrons to9, d-dAansiien. 'O Cid MOF ~y wt st [5 «2 aa B10 + BF sient > Bon + oS + BLO ' NonO0: °° CD 2 ong bears Knonog + le alliaadYEAR 2016 , AFe C4204 +4naon + O2 -r4Na2C2d4 +FenOg *tia0 aNlascrog + ancy —> Na2(4204 + QNact 5 Na,Ca,04 + aka > Wala,0y + QNacL 1. A= NazC304 Sodium chmmate Cuellow) B= Nazeaos godcanm didmomate SC? 24.04 Pokassiuns dichesnoate D Poeasstuns cidmemate te used as Gieta) SSaener OREM In RUdic Weedon. Ca.04° —> Qa2* CL) «D at > Tr Go em Of 4 or + ant 5 OP 431, HHO ov . je DOI MMO4 > nog C49 Leasic moattari] ot Wed S208 > acof ces = ee 2 a Be SB tmnO4" + BG203 +Hap —> S002 + 6504 + 20H" Ci ~ 0 Caaof” _» 27" ce ca a+ w = Bar (&> 619 | ——— at St Gy C2OF + BSH" 4 AH > 2a aon 4 ts Dit 16 becouse. ° oneeens P me Sea £0 yor pr-dit mulkple bend OD Transition me Metals Shovo. Gib Te i. aa . 2S Vecause. oy Ver Lae OXtdalion State dua to 4S is Shells in actnetds , ae A843 dap between sh, cd oat FO: Gn™ v5 cy araes a S can be Sufted prom 64 te te cat, ie reducing agen, banuse tt cgeases ees: Srable holy pellea tag Conpquaation. Cone anpatred electyon) C zeq0 empairved eledyond . cut ore 12 cotowsed, be cel? ton Contain one unpaired eectzens yoond it undergo Hh transition Zi ca ic catowdlees, because Mion does nok have ony 7" Unpaired electspns por dd taansitionA aM nd, + AKON + 02 —9 M104 + 2H0 _ a- 6 Gio Ca0f” > aca (e035 ar 7 Tg CA Clo a 7 CA0F 4 GT + igHt ys RCH" 4 BT. 44H O BCD n+ Because Wn Combing more ruunber $F arpoived electrons in excited stake C19 Ca. Become Ca emtoing Woeve number eckaors W Jadund stake which GO Se. Becanse ap unpacred. staengthen makallic leomding. 'S veay Close to noble gue cone gqesation - Cw ton 1S SlAeng oxidizing age in +a Cuot) St Non" agduces fo Stable yo2t Chey filled AS) YRAR 2015 bcd — Ke and ty howe aloose Gimilax atomic radii die to Lantranoia comtrakion in Hy 4 CO Aansition werals shows vaacable oxidation State due Smediea energy gap between NS and (ni)d osbleals. ald Gib Cal lon 1S Unetatie in agnaony aclation ood disprepoxto to a aod cu due to less negative hydaation enthalpy Bad Regd Rect jez. valine a.ci9 9 MnO2 + 4KOH +02 1G MnO4 + AHO ae ANla,Ca04 + QUY —> NagCs,04 +10 + anlat BR Because ative , is lowea Then Sue seeq Wydaakien enth. 4 oe Se Pll ienteaiiens enthalptes aod enthalpy 4 atomization. OD Because rot conpiquiatdn 16 shale cme to hakk filled a> and mon oxcdizes to pomt. MHD CAP 16 Stronger veducing AGF thom Feo vecause has More negative Rival. "(@ Achnorde Shows a wide range. FT Oxidation stake due to Small energy Jap beboeen Sf, 6d acd #5 Subsbelle- Similaaities bebween Onthaneids aod actsnoids > Bet. 4 than showe a Common oxidakcon state 43- PBL 4 them Shows corackion ia akomec aie A)-Taansition metals shows Woatable oxidation cates Ane +e Smaller energy dap between nhs and Mm yd oobicals. ston Shows maximum number oxidetiom simtes Aus to laage nurcber ~ unpotred eleci20Pg in excited states)| S)cio Fluoatne can stabilize extdahons ciate ttl +4 As te | : oli Ht 44 op ie Dendy single bunds ustlitte Oxygen com Stole: lize WUe pT-dar ele, bonds uit, woekeds. Gh Darsition moeta}s Gnd her Gropounds Shows catalyte propels) becouse 4 tharr variable Oxidation State ard large Suapace Wei. PoACAS Stauciie 5 " = > Sn.08 + 4n* —> QOnO4 +6OnD2 + AMD Dle is disprepostionation veackori ‘ + eked Gnd Tanai are d bhock elemenis faving Macon peers aA Ground tate or any excited state. Chasactrectics si ele * They exhibits Vadlabie Oxidation stakes. aa Les, + they shows Catal occ Priv per te: aid sats Bip Actmwid conkrackon le grenter tao “f eleckyons. Gua 40 POOaeA shielding eer q Sf ckdams thon 4 Sb Yansition roetals tem Cotewed comperinds . because trey have a foe elettapng which Undeepes ded transition: ~Mndg- — Met ce f audicmedium Nov —> Nox ca at - AMnOe + 5NQ + out —> Mn tong + SHO NN eAR Dou) - ba Carog* 4 aor —» 2enf +H.0 [PH erect | e On0a +44 456 > MonOg + 2Hoo {Reduony RO 1S nor @ JAansition element. because it Contains only eos Hfilled Gd Srbirals in its gaound as well as ® Transition mabals porns lage number oF Complexes dus to @ Wigh iontc charge cy Ovailability a, Vacant d oabitals and hP Smoker Size. Citi Oot rhe rot hoa 16 highly positive. because mm” undergo reduckon to ore fo Stable conpigueation a ra Che billed aS) Year te negalive . Secause C47* undesgo oxidation to cet dus to stable cenpiguialon + 34 Chak billed tog> Deis Differences beneen acknoide 2rd lantranotds fa hare Greater ivvequlaaittes im metallic yadii than nds eve reve Yeadive and have . Weve Usroplex Magnetic Panpeties “han lanthanside - 3 Tonizakon Nes G the. Carly actinnide oe lower nao] those $ cantly lan olds.ve AD Mone a eut ase “66 => Met’ aio LReductiony Dyer Bd* + 4 unpaired elettions. Or = sys: & unpaired electrons. br 'S ™oVe paramagnetic Ab IE WAS MOTE no: g Unpaired electames. © r2nm02 +4KOH « Og 2 Karn04 + AHO Brana, cacy, + ata 5 Naz(3,04 +420 +anacl Dhow "On = Bd Chath filled 45) Fett = ab. ‘ . as iquantion . Mak is more Grable as it ts Stable bul piled con yi Gin does not have any Unpaived eledaon » therspere tS ey Akornzakon 1s lowest + idate bec GActinvid elements shows ude range q Oxidation Stake because g Ane Smaller, ener gap pekweer 51 ed and #5 oxnbitals. Diba aiseSS secammuaw number q-oxidakon Stabes becouse e JME. more number unpaired electrons C42 0 tts exdted 6! io Cu 5 OWS positive \. yor BR, as Its negative nydeatind = lower than thet tela > 224 wonizaon enthalpies anod enthroley a scour, = e Ki toe 16 Stronger oxidizing agert because ik cundesgo reductda 7 nt aus iD Gtable cepiguaatcorn 4 nob Choi prlled da) 6 5 2 Ach) Europeum ,becanse El” cin Reger 3dv Gb Reyer acirs is Wall patted combeg wration . Nerx aor) 105. P16 good Oxidiring agen. because ie crodergo vedudien 46 tot awe 4o Stable conpiguaation a bork Chay yeled a5) Sle 6 due to Stable wd me Chel) led 9 Karon04 +102 + Og 3°Cid taangition elements ShOvs vosxiable oxidation State because G the Sroalles energy Gap between ne and (n-I0d ort tal s, CO Mn Shows maximuns nunver FoOxridakiovy States: ab Se shows enky +3 oxidokong state. reli Penansing 4 atomic radii tran expetted Valne duo to Pe0t Shietoli 9G ether $F AF eletaons called lartoancid as, lou attuch contr veh js 'S MOI8CH NoRTAL” $ “is ca % Cu Shows +1 oxdakion state become Cul ie putt filled sation . 6) cet Lae eo “ee oes (rs ne: q unpatied eledvona) Ve SE tase >t = war tnso + 24 ~ and on” ove cebonsed ” OP 2 345 tase 4G Rater ado i Za and Hip hove almost latthanoid contaaution. 8) Transition metale and tusiy compounds aur as cakalyor becamte. % Variable Oxtdaton state And large swan orea with PBAUS Slauture A) cis Simcloz atomic yadii due to C4,0,°-_» Qca>* cer f Aridi c medic) Fet+ > yeSr cid a eA * at 3+ Ca 0g , orn 4H? Ss 204% OF e tH diy & = 2 CAF 4 AUT _y Ca.0,? +420 Mndy” —> wre? cs YL aredicerrediamy C204? _» aco, (2? ci, QMAOk + SCD le > and? 4 t0co, + SHAD lo) 2 Can Stabilize oxidation sate +l +4 o% it Un@ble to yom roulkple tod ile @2 can ctabilite oxidanem Stabe ¢ taansition metals Hil ap A It alole to ber Fi—dr wuakiple kerds colt) Aaonsia3en meals.