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PRACTICALNO:01
AIM:ImplementSQLqueriestoperformvariousDDLCommands.(Createminimum5tabl
eswithdifferent datatypesandoperateuponthem) [04– Hours]
Proposition1:SQL-StructuredQueryLanguage:
SQLisadatabaselanguageusedformanipulationofdatainarelationaldatabase.
Proposition2:DDL -DataDefinitionLanguage:
DDLcommandsaretheSQLcommandusedtocreate,alter,drop,truncatedifferentdatabaseobjectsinan
ORACLEdatabase.
Proposition3:DatabaseObjects: TherearedifferentDatabaseobjects:
TABLE/ENTITY:Tableisadatabaseobjectthatholdsdataintheformofrowsandcolumns.Itisreprese
ntedbysetofattributes.
ATTRIBUTE:Attributesaredescriptivepropertypossessedbyeachmemberofentityset.
DOMAIN:Setofsamevalueinacolumniscalleddomain.
PRIMARYKEY:Anattributewhichuniquelydefinestherecord.
TUPLE:Itisasinglerow/recordofatable.
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Proposition4: OracleDataTypes:
DataType Description
Char The char datatype is used when fixed length character string is required. It can
storealphanumericvalues.Thecolumnlengthofsuchadatatypecanvarybetween
1-2000bytes.Bydefaultitisonebyte.
Iftheuserentersavalueshorterthanthespecifiedlengththenthedatabaseblank-
padstothefixedlength.
Varchar2 The varchar2 datatype supports avariable length character string. It also
storesalphanumeric values. The size for this datatype ranges from 1 - 4000 bytes.
Usingvarchar2savesdiskspacewhencomparedtochar.Thisstatement
canbejustifiedwiththehelpofanexample.
Long This datatype is used to store variable character length. Maximum size is
2GB.Longdatatypehasseveralcharacterssimilartovarchar2datatype.
Number TheNumberdatatypecanstorepositivenumbers,negativenumber,zeroes,fixed
pointnumber,andfloatingpointnumberswithaprecisionof38.
Date Date datatype is used to store date and time in a table. Oracle database makes use
ofitsownformat tostoredateinafixedlengthof7byteseachforcentury,
month,day,year,hour,minuteandsecond.
Proposition5:
DDLCommands
1. CREATETABLE. 2. ALTERTABLE.
3. DROP 4. TRUNCATETABLE. 5.
TABLE.RENA
ME
CREATETABLECOMMAND:
Syntax:
createtable<table_name>(
column_name1 datatype(size),
column_name2 datatype(size),
: : :
: : :
: : :
column_namen datatype(size)
);
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ALTERTABLECOMMAND:
Itisusedtoaddnewattributesortomodifytheexistingattributeinthetable.
SYNTAX:
CASE1:[ADDNEWCOLUMN]
altertable<table_name>
add(column_name1datatype(size), column_name2datatype(size),
: : :
: : :
column_namendatatype(size));
CASE -2:[COLUMNSIZEMODIFYCLAUSE]
altertable<table_name>
modify(column_name1datatype(size), column_name2datatype(size),
: : :
: : :
column_namendatatype(size));
ALTERTABLEcommandcanbe used for
addingcolumnstoatablewithaddclauseortochangethecolumnwithmodifyclause.
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ALTERTABLEcommandcanbeusedforaddingcolumnstoatablewithaddcla
useortochangethecolumnwithmodifyclause.
TRUNCATETABLECOMMAND:
Thetruncatetablecommandisusedtoremoveallrowsfromatableandtoreleasethestorage
spaceusedbythetablekeepingthetabledefinitionintact.
Syntax:
truncatetable<table_name>;R
ENAMETABLECOMMAND:
Renamestatementisusedtorenameatable,view,sequence,orasynon
ym.Syntax:
Rename<oldtable_name>to<newtable_name>;
DROPTABLECOMMAND:
Thedroptablecommandremovesthedataaswellasdefinition(structure)
of an Oracle table. When you drop a table, the database loses
allthedatainthetableandalltheindexesassociatedwithit.
Syntax: droptable<table_name>;
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SAMPLEEXAMPLES:C
REATETABLE:
TocreateatableSTUDENT_INFOwiththecolumnstud_id,stud_name,dat
e_of_birth,city,activity,leader,ssc_per,branch_name,ent_grade.
ForExample:
createtableSTUDENT_INFO22005
(
stud_idnumber(4),
stud_namevarchar2(15),
DOBdate,
Cityvarchar2(10),
activityvarchar2(10),
leadernumber(4),
ssc_pernumber(4,2),
branch_codechar(2),
ent_gradechar(2)
);
TheaboveSQLstatementwillcreateatableSTUDENT_INFOwiththegivencolumn
s.
ForExample:
descSTUDENT_INFO22005;
OUTPUT:
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ALTERTABLE:
Toaddnewattributesemail_idtothetableSTUDENT_INFO:
ForExample:
alter table STUDENT_INFO22005
add(email_idvarchar2(12));
output :
To modifythe lengthofstud_namefieldto12
intheSTUDENT_INFOtable:ForExample:
alter tableSTUDENT_INFO22005modify(stud_name varchar2(12));
OUTPUT:
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SYNTAX:desctemp:
ForExample:
createtabletempasselect*fromSTUDENT_INFO
createtabletempasselect*fromSTUDENT_INFO22005;
OUTPUT:
RENAME:
TochangethenameofthetableSTUDENT_INFOtoSTUD_INFO:ForE
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xample:
renameSTUDENT_INFO22005toSTUD_INFO7005;
OUTPUT:
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DropTable:
ForExample:
droptabletemp;
OUTPUT:
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QUESTIONS:(STUDENTASSIGNEMENT)
1. Createatablelab_datawiththefollowingattributes:
Column DataType
Item_code char(5)
Item_name varchar2(20)
Quantity number(3)
Make varchar2(10)
2. Addnewattributestatuswithdatatypechar(15)toabovetable.
3. Createatablebranch_detailsforthefollowing:
Column DataType
Branch_code char(3)
Branch_name varchar2(10)
Location char(6)
Fees Number(7,2)
4. Modifythewidthofbranch_nameto20forabovetable.
5. CreateatableBook_detailsforthefollowing
Column Datatype
Book_id number(5)
Title varchar2(20)
Author varchar2(20)
Publication varchar2(20)
6. AddnewattributeQuantityinthetableBook_details.
7. CreateatableAccountforthefollowing:
Column DataType
Account_id number(5)
Balance number(6,2)
8. RenamethetableAccounttoBank_Account.
9. GivestructuredetailsoftableBank_Account.
10. RemovethetabledefinitionofBank_Account.
ANSWER1:-
OUTPUT:
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0
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ANSWER2:-
OUTPUT:
ANSWER3:-
OUTPUT:
ANSWER4:
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OUTPUT:
ANSWER5:-
OUTPUT:
ANSWER6:-
OUTPUT:
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ANSWER7:-
OUTPUT:
ANSWER8:-
OUTPUT:
ANSWER9:-
OUTPUT:
ANSWER 10:-
OUTPUT:
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CONCLUSION:HenceWePerformedVariousTypesOfDDL
CommandsInSQLQueriesByVariousExample
ProgressiveAssessmentSheetasperRubrics
RegularA LevelofUn
Attendance Presentation Total
ssessment derstanding
Sign:
Date:
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