15

a b+c 1 2π 2π  2π 
1 ⇒ cos x = cos ⇒ x= Q ∈ [0, π ]
1. (c) Area of triangle, ∆ = b c+a 1 3 3  3 
2
c a+ b 1 π 2 π π 3π
∴ x+ = + = =π
1 3 3 3 3
= [a (c + a − a − b) − (b + c )(b − c ) + 1{ b (a + b) → →
2 4. (b) Let a = 5 i$ + 3 $j + 4k$ and b = 6 i$ − 8 $j − k$ be the given
−c (c + a)}]
1 vectors and let θ be the angle between them. Then,
= [ac − ab − (b − bc + bc − c ) + ab + b − c 2 − ac ]
2 2 2

2 → →
a⋅b
1 cos θ =
= [ac − ab − b2 + bc − bc + c 2 + ab + b2 − c 2 − ac ] → →
2 | a|| b|
1 → →
= [0 ] Now, a ⋅ b = (5i$ + 3 $j + 4k$ ) ⋅ (6i$ − 8 $j − k$ )
2
= (5) (6) + 3 (− 8) + 4(− 1) = 2
=0 →
| a| = 52 + 32 + 42 = 50
2. (a) The domain of sin − 1 x is [− 1, 1.] So, the domain of
→
f ( x ) = sin − 1 x − 1 is the set of values of x satisfying and | b| = 62 + (− 8)2 + (− 1)2 = 101
→ →
− 1≤ x −1≤1 a⋅b
∴ cos θ = → →
⇒0 ≤ x −1≤1 [but root is always positive] | a | | b|
⇒ 0 ≤ x − 1≤ 1 2 2 2
⇒ cos θ = = =
⇒ 1≤ x ≤ 2 50 101 5 2 101 5 101

⇒ x ∈[1, 2 ]  2 
⇒ θ = cos − 1  
 5 101
Hence, the domain of f ( x ) is [1, 2 ].
∴ a = 1and b = 2 ∴ a = 5 and b = 101
Now, b − a = 2 − 1 = 1. ⇒ a + b = 5 + 101 = 106
2 0 2
| x| | x| | x|
3. (b) We have, x = cos  −  5. (c) Let I = ∫ dx = ∫ dx + ∫
1 −1 dx
 2 −1
x −1
x 0
x
−x  − x, x < 0 
0 2
1 x
⇒ cos x = −
2
= ∫−1 x dx + ∫ 0
x
dx Q| x| =  x, x ≥ 0 
  
π  π 1
⇒ cos x = − cos Q cos =
0 2
 3 2  = ∫ −1dx + ∫ 1dx = [− x ] + [ x ]20
0
3 −1
−1 0
 π
⇒ cos x = cos  π −  [Q cos(π − θ ) = − cos θ] = − (0 + 1) + (2 − 0 ) = − 1 + 2 = 1
 3
 dy y + 1 3
1
6. (b) Given that, = 11. (c) Let I = ∫ dx
dx x − 1 x2 + 9
0
dy dx 3 3
⇒ = 1 1 x
y + 1 x −1 =∫ dx = tan −1
x + (3)
2 2 
3 3  0
0
On integrating both sides, we get
1
log( y + 1) = log( x − 1) − log C = [tan −1 1 − tan −1 0 ]
3
C( y + 1) = ( x − 1)
π
x −1 =
⇒ C= 12
y+1
→ → → →
12. (d) We have,| a| = 3,| b| = 4 and a ⋅ b = 2 3
When x = 1and y = 2, then C = 0
So, the required solution is x − 1 = 0. Now, we know that
→ → → →
Hence, only one solution exist. a⋅ b =| a|| b|cos θ
7. (a) Letα andβ be the roots of the given equation, so that ⇒ 2 3 = 3 × 4 × cos θ
α + β = a−2 1 π
⇒ cos θ = ⇒ θ =
and αβ = − (a − 1) 2 3
−1
Let S = α 2 + β 2. e tan x
13. (b) Let I = ∫ dx
Then, S = (α + β )2 − 2αβ 1 + x2
= (a − 2 )2 + 2(a − 1) = a2 − 2 a + 2 1
On putting tan −1 x = t ⇒ dx = dt
On differentiating both sides w.r.t. a, we get 1 + x2
∴ I = ∫ e t dt = e t + C = e tan
−1
dS
= 2a − 2
x
+C
da
dS 14. (c) We know that equation of line passing through two
Now, = 0⇒a=1
da points ( x1, y1, z1 ) and ( x2, y2, z2 ) is
d 2S x − x1 y − y1 z − z1
Also, 2 = 2 > 0 for all a . = =
da x2 − x1 y2 − y1 z2 − z1
Hence, S is minimum when a = 1 ∴Equation of line passing through(− 1, 2, 1)and (3, 1, 4) is
8. (c) We have, A is symmetric matrix. x + 1 y −2 z −1
= =
Then, ai j = aji ⇒ a12 = a21 ⇒ x + 2 = 2 x − 3 ⇒ x = 5 3 + 1 1− 2 4 − 1

sin 3 x x + 1 y −2 z −1
, x≠0 ⇒ = =
 4 −1 3
9. (c) We have, f ( x ) =  kx
 , x=0
 2 15. (c) Clearly,
Since, f ( x ) is continuous at x = 0, then cos 2 θ + cos 2 β + cos 2 θ = 1
f (0 ) = lim f ( x ) ⇒ 2 cos 2 θ + 1 − sin 2 β = 1
x→ 0
⇒ 2 cos 2 θ − sin 2 β = 0
k sin 3 x
⇒ = lim ⇒ 2 cos 2 θ − 3 sin 2 θ = 0
2 x→ 0 x
[Qsin 2 β = 3 sin 2 θ (given)]
k sin 3 x
⇒ = lim ×3 ⇒ tan 2 θ =
2
2 x→ 0 3 x 3
k 1 1 3
⇒ =3 ⇒ k=6 ∴ cos θ =
2
= =
2 1 + tan 2 θ 1 + 2 5
3
10. (c) Let f ( x ) = x 2 − 8 x + 17
2 dy
16. (c) Given that, (1 − x ) − xy = 1
∴ f′ ( x) = 2 x − 8 dx
So, f ′ ( x ) = 0 gives x = 4 ⇒
dy
−
x
y=
1
Now, f ′ ′ ( x ) = 2 > 0, ∀ x dx 1 − x 2 1 − x2
So, x = 4 is the point of local minima. which is a linear differential equation.
∴ Minimum value of f ( x ) at x = 4,
x
− ∫ 1 − x 2 dx
∴ IF = e
f(4) = 4 × 4 − 8 × 4 + 17 = 1
 On putting 1 − x 2 = t ⇒ − 2 xdx = dt  1, if x>0

dt Reason f : R → R, f ( x ) =  0, if x=0
⇒ xdx = −
2 −1, if x<0

1 dt 1 1
∫ log t log(1 − x 2 )
It is seen that f (1) = f (2 ) = 1 but 1 ≠ 2. Therefore, f is not
Now, IF = e 2 t
=e 2
=e 2
= 1 − x2
one-one.
→ →
17. (b) Given, a = 2 i$ + $j + k$ and b = 3 i$ + $j + 4 k$. Now, as f ( x )takes only three values (1, 0 or − 1), therefore
i$ $j k$ for the element − 2 in codomain R, there does not exist
→ → any x in domain R such that f ( x ) = − 2.
Then, a × b = 2 1 1
Therefore, f is not onto. Hence, the Signum function is
3 1 4 neither one-one nor onto.
= i$(4 − 1) − $j (8 − 3) + k$(2 − 3) = 3 i$ − 5 $j − k$ Hence, Assertion is true but Reason is false.
∴ Required area of parallelogram 20. (b) Assertion Since, A and B are symmetric matrices.
→ →
= | a × b| = (3) + (− 5) + (− 1)
2 2 2
∴ AT = A and BT = B.
= 9 + 25 + 1 = 35 sq units Now, to check A (BA) is symmetric.
Consider [ A (BA)]T = (BA)T ⋅ AT = ( AT BT )AT
18. (c) The given curve y 2 = 3 x represents a right hand = ( AB)A = A(BA)
parabola with vertex at (0, 0) and axis along X-axis and
So, [ A (BA)]T = A (BA)
the equation of line is x = 4.
⇒ A (BA) is symmetric.
Y
Similarly, ( AB) A is symmetric.
y2=3x So, Assertion is true.
Reason Now, ( AB)′ = B′ A′
X′ X = BA
O
x=4 This will be symmetric, if matrix multiplication A and B is
commutative i.e. AB = BA.
Hence, both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason
Y′ is not the correct explanation of Assertion.
∴Required area = 2 × Area of shaded region in the first π
e cos x
quadrant only 21. Let I=∫ dx …(i)
0
e cos x
+ e − cos x
4 4

= 2 ∫ | y| dx = 2 ∫ 3 x dx [Q y 2 = 3 x ⇒ y = 3 x ] π
e cos( π − x )
Then, I = ∫ cos ( π − x )
dx
+ e − cos ( π − x)
0 0
0
e
4
= [ x 3/ 2 ]40  a a

3 Q ∫ f ( x )dx = ∫ f (a − x )dx 
4 3/ 2 32  0 0 
= [4 − 0 ] = sq units π
e − cos x
3 3 =∫ dx …(ii)
0
e − cos x + e cos x (1)
19. (c) Assertion Here, f : R → R is given by
On adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
 x, if x ≥ 0 π
π
f ( x ) =| x | =  2 I = ∫ 1dx = π ⇒ I =
− x, if x < 0 0
2 (1)
It is seen that f (− 1) = |− 1| = 1, f (1) = |1| = 1 Or
Therefore, f (− 1) = f (1) but − 1 ≠ 1 We observe that 3 x ∈[3, 6] when x ∈[1, 2 ].
3, 3 ≤ 3 x < 4
Therefore, f is not one-one. 
∴ [3 x ] = 4, 4 ≤ 3 x < 5
Now, consider − 1 ∈ R 5, 5 ≤ 3 x < 6

It is known that f ( x ) = | x | is always non-negative.
 4
3, 1 ≤ x <
Thus, there does not exist any element x in domain R  3
 4 5
such that f ( x ) = | x | = − 1. ⇒ [3 x ] = 4, ≤x<
 3 3
Therefore, f is not onto.
5, 5 ≤ x < 2
Hence, the modulus function is neither one-one nor onto.  3 (1)
 2 4 /3 5/ 3 2

∴ ∫ [3 x ]dx = 25. We have,

∫ 3 dx + ∫ 4 dx + ∫ 5 dx → → → →
1 1 4 /3 5/ 3 ( a × b)2 =| a × b|2
4   5 4  5 → → → →
= 3  − 1 + 4  −  + 5 2 −  ⇒ ( a × b)2 = {| a|| b|sin θ} 2
3   3 3  3 → → → →
⇒ ( a × b)2 = | a|2 | b|2 sin 2 θ
4 5
= 1+ + = 4 → → → →
⇒ ( a × b)2 = {| a|2 | b|2 } (1 − cos 2 θ )
3 3 (1) (1)
→ → 2 → 2 → 2 → →
22. Given, 2 A − 3 B + 5 C = O ⇒ 2 A = 3 B − 5 C ⇒ ( a × b) = | a| | b| − | a|2 | b|2 cos 2 θ
→ → → → → →
 −2 2 0  2 0 −2  ⇒ ( a × b)2 = | a|2 | b|2 − ( a ⋅ b)2
⇒ 2A = 3   − 5 7 1 6
→ → → →
 3 1 4    [Q a ⋅ b =| a|| b|cos θ]
→ → → → → → → → → →
−6 6 0  10 0 −10  ⇒ ( a × b)2 = ( a ⋅ a) (b ⋅ b) − ( a ⋅ b) ( a ⋅ b)
⇒ 2A =  − 
 9 3 12  35 5 30  → →
→
a⋅ a a⋅b
→ → →

⇒ ( a × b)2 = Hence proved. (1)

−6 − 10 6 − 0 0 − (−10 ) → → → →
⇒ 2A =   a⋅ b b⋅ b
 9 − 35 3 − 5 12 − 30  (1)
1 −16 6 10  26. Given, e y ( x + 1) = 1
⇒ A= 
2 −26 −2 −18 On taking log both sides, we get
 −8 3 5 log [e y ( x + 1)] = log 1
⇒ A= 
−13 −1 −9 ⇒ log e y + log( x + 1) = log 1
(1)
⇒ y + log( x + 1) = log 1 [Q log e y = y ]
Or
On differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
 0 1 −2 
1
We have, A = −1 0 3
dy
+ =0 …(i)
  dx x + 1 (1)
 x −3 0 
Again, on differentiating both sides w.r.t. ‘x’, we get
If A is a skew-symmetric matrix, then A = − AT . (1)
d 2y 1
 0 1 −2   0 −1 x  − =0
dx 2 ( x + 1)2
So, −1 0 3  = −  1 0 −3
(1)
    d 2 y  dy 
2

 x −3 0  −2 3 0  ⇒ − −  = 0 [from Eq. (i)]

dx 2  dx 
 0 1 −2   0 1 − x  2
d 2 y  dy 
⇒  −1 0 3  =  −1 0 3 ⇒ −  =0
    dx 2  dx 
 x −3 0   2 −3 0  2
d 2 y  dy 
∴ x =2 (1) ⇒ =  Hence proved.
dx 2  dx  (1)
→ →
23. Let a and b are the position vectors of (1, − 1, 2 ) and Or
(3, 2, 1,) respectively. Given that y = x = e x log x x
= e x log x … (i)
→ →
Then, a = i$ − $j + 2 k$ and b = 3 i$ + 2 $j + k$. (1) On differentiating both sides, w.r.t. x, we get
Now, the required equation of line is given by dy  1 
→ → → → = e x log x ⋅  x ⋅ + log x ⋅ 1
r = a + λ(b − a). dx  x 
→ →
b − a = 3i$ + 2 $j + k$ − (i$ − $j + 2 k$ ) = y(1 + log x ) … (ii) [From (i)] (1)
= 2 i$ + 3 $j − k$ Again differentiating on both sides w.r.t. x, we get
→ d 2y 1 dy
∴ r = (i$ − $j + 2 k$ ) + λ (2 i$ + 3 $j − k$ ) (1) = y ⋅ + (1 + log x ) ⋅
dx 2 x dx (1)
→ →
24. Given, a = 4 i$ − 5 $j and b = 5 i$ − 4 $j d 2 y y 1  dy 
2

⇒ = +   [From (i)]
∴
→
| a| =| 4i$ − 5 $j | = 42 + (−5)2 = 16 + 25 = 41 dx 2 x y  dx 
2
→ d 2 y 1  dy  y
and | b| =| 5i$ − 4 $j | = 52 + (−4)2 = 25 + 16 = 41 ⇒ −   − =0 Hence proved. (1)
dx 2 y  dx  x
→ →
⇒ | a| =| b| (1) 27. Let AB be the tower. Let at any time t, the man be at a
It can be observed that the corresponding components distance of x m from the tower AB and letθ be the angle of
→ → → →
of the given vectors a and b are not equal, so, a ≠ b. (1) elevation at that time.
 BC On differentiating both sides w.r.t. t, we get
Then, tan θ =
PC dy dx dy  dx 
B 2 = ⇒2 =6 Q =6
dt dt dt  dt 
dy 6
⇒ = = 3 km/h
dt 2
41.6 m
Hence, the shadow increases at the rate of 3 km/h. (1)
2 x2 + 1
θ x 28. Let I = ∫ 2 2 dx
P
1.6 m
C x (x + 4 )
Q A
2 x2 + 1
40 Consider and put x 2 = t
⇒ tan θ = [Q BC = BA − AC = 40 m ] x (x2 + 4 )
2
x
⇒ x = 40 cot θ ...(i) 2 x2 + 1 2t + 1
and then =
dx dθ x 2( x 2 + 4) t (t + 1)
⇒ = − 40 cosec 2 θ (1)
dt dt and by partial fraction, we get
dx 2t + 1 A B
We are given that = 2 m/sec = +
dt t (t + 4) t t + 4
dθ
∴ 2 = − 40 cosec 2 θ ⇒ 2 t + 1 = A (t + 4) + Bt (1)
dt
On comparing the coefficients of t and constant terms,
dθ 1
⇒ =− ...(ii) (1) we get
dt 20 cosec 2 θ 1
2 = A + B and 1 = 4 A ⇒ A =
When x = 30 m, we get 4
30 3 1 7
cot θ = = [put x = 30 in Eq. (i)] ∴ B =2− A=2− =
40 4 4 4 (1/2)
9 25 2 x2 + 1 1 7
∴ cosec 2 θ = 1 + cot 2 θ = 1 + = Thus, 2 2 = +
16 16 x ( x + 4 ) 4 x 2 4( x 2 + 4 )
25 1 dx 7 dx
On substituting cosec 2 θ = in Eq. (ii), we get ∴ I= ∫ 2+ ∫ 2
16 4 x 4 x +4 (1/2)
dθ 4
=− rad/sec (1) 1 7 1  
x
dt 125 =− + × tan −1   + C
4x 4 2  2
Or  
dx 1 −1  x 
Let AB be the lamp post and a man CD be at a distance x Q ∫ a2 + x 2 = a tan  a + C 
 
from the lamp post and let CE = y be his shadow.
1 7  x
=− + tan −1   + C
B Lamp post 4x 8  2 (1)
Or
(2 x − 5 ) e 2x (2 x − 3 − 2 )e 2x
6m D Let I = ∫ dx = ∫ dx
(2 x − 3 )3
(2 x − 3 )3
2m
e 2x e 2x
=∫ dx − 2 ∫ (2 x − 3)3 dx
(2 x − 3 )2 (1/2)
A x C y E
= ∫ e (2 x − 3 )
2x − 2
dx − 2 ∫ e 2x −3
(2 x − 3 ) dx
dx 6 II
= 6 km/h, AB = 6 m =
I
Given that, km and
dt 1000 (2 x − 3)− 2 e 2x dx 
2 
∫ 
CD = 2 m = km [Q 1 km = 1000 m] =  d  
 − ∫ dx (2 x − 3) ∫e
−2
1000 2x
dx  dx 
Here, ∆BAE ~ ∆DCE (1)   

∴
AB AE
= [by property of similar triangles] − 2 ∫ e 2x (2 x − 3 )− 3dx
CD CE
6 [using integration by parts] (1)
1000 x+ y x+ y e 2x e 2x
⇒ = ⇒3= = (2 x − 3 )− 2 − ∫ − 2 (2 x − 3 )− 3 × 2 × dx
2 y y 2 2
1000
− 2 ∫ e 2x (2 x − 3 )− 3 dx
⇒ 3y = x + y ⇒ 3y − y = x ⇒ 2 y = x (1) (1/2)
 e 2x (2 x − 3 ) − 2 On putting y = 1and x = 1in Eq. (i), we get
= + 2 ∫ e 2x (2 x − 3)− 3 dx
2 log|1|+1 = −1 + 1 + C
− 2 ∫ e 2x (2 x − 3 )− 3 dx
⇒ C =1 (1)
e 2x (2 x − 3 )− 2
= +C On putting the value of C in Eq.(i), we get
2 (1)
1 −1
 1 log| y| + = + x+1
29. Given, f ( x ) = | x|cos x , if x ≠ 0
y x
 0, if x = 0 which is the required solution. (1)
→ →
At x = 0, $ β = i$ − 4 $j + 5k$
31. Given, α = 4 i$ + 5 $j − k,
LHL = lim − f ( x ) →
x→ 0
and q = 3 i$ + $j − k$
1 →
= lim −| x|cos Also, vector p is perpendicular to α and β.
x→ 0 x
→ → →
 1  Then, p = λ (α × β ) …(i)
= lim |0 − h|cos  
h→ 0  0 − h
i$ $j k$
[put x = 0 − h; when x → 0 − , then h → 0] → →
Now, α × β = 4 5 −1 (1/2)
 1 1 −4 5
= lim h cos  − 
h→ 0  h (1)
= 0 × (An oscillating value lie between − 1and 1) = i$ (25 − 4) − $j (20 + 1 ) + k$ (−16 − 5 )
[Qcos θ lies between − 1to 1] = i$ (21 ) − $j (21 ) + k$ (−21 )
RHL = lim + f ( x ) = 21 i$ − 21 $j − 21 k$
x→ 0
→
1 So, p = 21 λi$ − 21 λ $j − 21 λk$ [from Eq. (i)] ...(ii) (1/2)
= lim + | x|cos
x→ 0 x → →
Also, given that p⋅ q = 21
 1 
= lim |0 + h|cos   ∴ (21 λi$ − 21 λ$j − 21 λk$ ) ⋅ (3 i$ + $j − k$ ) = 21
h→ 0  0 + h
[put x = 0 + h, when x → 0 + , then h → 0] ⇒ 63 λ − 21 λ + 21 λ = 21
 1 ⇒ 63λ = 21
= lim h cos  
h→ 0  h (1) ⇒ λ = 1/ 3 (1)
= 0 × (An oscillating value lie between − 1and 1) 1
On putting λ = in Eq. (ii), we get
=0 3
→ 1 1 1
and f(0 ) = 0 p = 21 × i$ − 21 × $j − 21 × k$
3 3 3
∴ LHL = RHL= f(0 )
→
Hence, f ( x ) is continuous at x = 0. (1) ∴ p = 7 i$ − 7 $j − 7 k$

30. Given, differential equation is which is the required vector. (1)

+
( x − yx )dy + ( y + x y ) dx = 0
2 2 2 2 2
32. We have a mapping f : R → (− 9, ∞)
⇒ x 2 (1 − y ) dy + y 2 (1 + x 2 )dx = 0 given by f ( x ) = 5 x 2 + 6 x − 9
⇒ − x (1 − y ) dy = y (1 + x )dx
2 2 2
For one-one Let x1, x2 ∈ R + be any arbitrary elements,
⇒ x ( y − 1 ) dy = y (1 + x )dx
2 2 2 such that

y −1 1 + x2 f ( x1 ) = f ( x2 )
⇒ 2
dy = dx ⇒ 5 x + 6 x1 − 9 = 5 x22 + 6 x2 − 9
2
y x2 (1/2) 1

On integrating both sides, we get ⇒ 5( x12 − x22 ) + 6( x1 − x2 ) = 0

⇒ 5( x1 + x2 ) ( x1 − x2 ) + 6( x1 − x2 ) = 0
y −1 1 + x2
∫ y 2
dy = ∫
x2
dx ⇒ ( x1 − x2 ) [5( x1 + x2 ) + 6] = 0

1 1 1 ⇒ x1 − x2 = 0 or 5 x1 + 5 x2 + 6 = 0
⇒ ∫ y
dy − ∫ 2 dy = ∫ 2 dx + ∫ 1dx
y x (1/2) ⇒ x1 − x2 = 0
1 −1 [Q 5 x1 + 5 x2 + 6 ≠ 0 as x1, x2 ∈ R + ]
⇒ log| y| + = + x+C …(i)
y x ⇒ x1 = x2
Also, given that y = 1, when x = 1 So, f is one-one. (2)
 For onto Let y ∈ (− 9, ∞ ) be any arbitrary element and 1 −2 1 dt
On putting 1 + =t ⇒ dx = dt ⇒ 3 dx = −
y = f ( x ). x2 x3 x 2
Then, y = 5 x 2 + 6 x − 9 ⇒ 5 x 2 + 6 x − 9 − y = 0 dt
∴ I = − ∫ t log |t|
On comparing with standard form ax + bx + c = 0, we
2
II I 2 (1)
get On applying integration by parts, we get
a = 5, b = 6 and c = − (9 + y )
− 1 2 2 1 3/ 2 
I=  (log|t|) t − ∫ × t dt 
3/ 2
−6± 36 + 4 × 5(9 + y ) 2 3
⇒ x= 3 t 
10
−1 2 2 1/ 2 
 − b ± b2 − 4ac  =  (log|t |) t − ∫ t dt 
3/ 2

Q x =  2 3 3 
 2a 
− 1 2 4 3/ 2 
− 6 ± 216 + 20 y =  (log|t|) t − t  + C
3/ 2

⇒ x= 2 3 9 
10
− 6 ± 2 54 + 5 y
1 3/ 2  2
=− t log|t| −  + C
⇒ x= 3  3
10
−3+ 54 + 5 y 1 1
3/ 2
 1 2
⇒ x= =− 1 + 2  log 1 + 2 −  + C
5 3 x   x 3
− 3 − 54 + 5 y  1
or x= (1) Q t = 1+ 2 (2)
5  x 
− 3 − 54 + 5 y
Q x ∈ R + , therefore x ≠ 34. The given linear programming problem (LPP) is
5
−3+ 54 + 5 y Minimise Z = 10 ( x − 7 y + 190 )
Now, x = ∈ R + for each y ∈ (− 9, ∞ ) Subject to the constraints
5
Q − 9< y < ∞ x, y ≤ 5 , x + y ≤ 8 ,
⇒ − 45 < 5y < ∞ [multiply each term by 5] x + y ≥ 4 and x, y ≥ 0
⇒ 54 − 45 < 54 + 5 y < ∞ [add 54 in each term] Consider the inequality as equations, we get
⇒ 9 < 54 + 5 y < ∞ x=5 ...(i)
⇒ 3 < 54 + 5 y < ∞ [taking square root] y=5 ...(ii)
⇒ −3 + 3< −3+ 54 + 5y < ∞ x+ y=8 ...(iii)
[subtract − 3 in each term]
x+ y=4 ...(iv)
⇒ − 3+ 54 + 5 y > 0
Table for x + y = 8 is (1)
Thus, for each y ∈ (− 9, ∞ ), there exists
x 0 8
−3+ 54 − 5 y
x= ∈ R + such that f ( x ) = y y 8 0
5
So, f is onto. (2) So, line x + y = 8 passes through (0, 8) and (8, 0).
On putting (0, 0) in the inequality
x + 1 [log| x + 1| − 2 log| x|]
2 2
33. Let I = ∫ dx x + y ≤ 8 , we get 0 + 0 ≤ 8 [true]
x4
∴The shaded region is towards the origin.
x2 + 1 Table for x + y = 4 is
=∫ [log| x 2 + 1| − log| x 2|] dx
x4
[Q m log n = log n m ] x 0 4
x +1 y 4 0
 1 2
1
=∫ x 2 1 + 2  log dx
x4  x  x2 So, line x + y = 4 passes through (4, 0) and (0, 4).
 m On putting (0, 0) in the inequality x + y ≥ 4, we get
Q log m − log n = log
 n  0+0≥4 [false] (1)
1 1 1 ∴The shaded region is away from the origin.
=∫ ⋅ x 1 + 2 log 1 + 2 dx
x 4
x x Now, the lines x = 5 and y = 5 are perpendicular to
X-axis and Y-axis, respectively. So, the shaded region is
1 1 1
= ∫ 1+ log 1 + 2 3 dx towards the Y-axis and X-axis, respectively.
x2 x x (2)
 On solving Eqs. (i) and (iii), we get C (5, 3). On putting (0,0) in the inequality x + y ≤ 250, we get
On solving Eqs. (ii) and (iii), we get D(3, 5). 0 ≤ 250 [which is true]
Now, plotting the graph, the shaded portion ABCDEFA So, the half plane is towards the origin. (1)
represents the feasible region which is bounded. (1) Table for line 5 x + 8 y = 1400 is
Y x 280 0
8 (0,8) y 0 175
7 x=5
6 So, this line passes through the points (280, 0) and
E(0,5) D(3,5) (0, 175).
5 y=5
4 F(0,4) On putting (0,0) in 5 x + 8 y ≤ 1400, we get
3 C(5,3) ⇒ 0 ≤ 1400 [which is true]
2 So, the half plane is towards the origin.
x+y=8
1 A(4,0) Also, x, y ≥ 0, so the feasible region lies in the first
B(5,0) (8,0)
X′ X quadrant.
O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
x+y=4 On solving Eqs. (ii) and (iii), we get
Y′ (1) x = 200 and y = 50

The corner points of feasible region are A(4, 0 ), B(5, 0 ), So, the intersection point is E(200, 50). (1)
C(5, 3), D(3, 5), E(0, 5) and F(0, 4), respectively. Now, the The graphical representation of the system of
values of Z at each corner point are given below inequations is given below
Y
Corner points Value of Z = 10 ( x − 7 y + 190 )
A(4, 0 ) Z = 10 (4 − 7 × 0 + 190 ) = 10 × 194 = 1940 B (0, 250)
B (5, 0 ) Z = 10 (5 − 7 × 0 + 190 ) = 10 × 195 = 1950
x+

C (5, 3) Z = 10 (5 − 7 × 3 + 190 ) = 10 × 174 = 1740

y
=
25

D (3, 5) Z = 10 (3 − 7 × 5 + 190 ) = 10 × 158 = 1580 (0,175)D

0

E (200, 50)
E (0, 5) Z = 10 (0 − 7 × 5 + 190 ) = 10 × 155 = 1550
(Minimum)
C (280, 0)
F (0, 4) Z = 10 (0 − 7 × 4 + 190 ) = 10 × 162 = 1620 X′ X
O(0,0) (250, 0)A 5x+ 8
∴ Minimum value of Z is 1550 at the point E (0, 5). (1) Y′ y=1
4 00
(1)
Or
The given LPP is From the graph, OAEDO is the feasible region.
Maximise Z = 4500 x + 5000 y …(i) The corner points of the feasible region are
Subject to constraints, O(0, 0 ), A (250, 0 ), E (200, 50 ) and D (0, 175 ).
x + y ≤ 250 The values of Z at corner points are as follows
5 x + 8 y ≤ 1400
Corner points Value of Z = 4500 x + 5000 y
and x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0 (1)
On considering the inequalities as equations, we get O (0, 0 ) Z = 4500 (0 ) + 5000 (0 ) = 0
x + y = 250 …(ii)
A (250, 0 ) Z = 4500 (250 ) + 5000(0 ) = 1125000
and 5 x + 8 y = 1400 …(iii)
Table for line x + y = 250 is E (200, 50 ) Z = 4500(200 ) + 5000(50 ) = 1150000
(Maximum)
x 0 250
D (0, 175) Z = 4500(0 ) + 5000(175) = 875000
y 250 0
From the table, maximum value of Z is 1150000 at
So, this line passes through the points (0, 250)
E (200,50). (1)
and (250, 0).
 cos α − sin α 0 Or
35. We have, A =  sin α cos α 0  1 3 4
 
 0 0 1  Here, | A| =  
2 1 2 
Clearly, the cofactors of elements of| A| are given by  5 1 1
A11 = cos α ; A12 = − sin α ; A13 = 0 ; = 11
( − 2 ) − 3 (2 − 10 ) + 4 (2 − 5 )
A 21 = sin α ; A 22 = cos α ; A 23 = 0 = − 1 + 24 − 12 = 11 ≠ 0 (1)
Thus, A is invertible.
A 31 = 0; A 32 = 0 and A 33 = 1 (1/2)
Clearly, the system has a unique solution given by
T
 A11 A12 A13  X = A−1B
∴ adj ( A) =  A 21 A 22 A 23  Now, the cofactors of| A| are
 
 A 31 A 32 A 33  A11 = − 1, A12 = 8, A13 = − 3
cos α − sin α 0 
T
 cos α sin α 0 A 21 = 1, A 22 = − 19, A 23 = 14
= sin α cos α 0 = − sin α cos α
  0 A 31 = 2, A 32 = 6 and A 33 = − 5 (1/2)
   
 0 0 1  0 0 1 (1/2)  −1 8 −3 ′  −1 1 2
Now, A (adj A) ∴ adj ( A) = 1 −19 14 =  8 −19 6

   
 2 6 −5 −3 14 −5
cos α − sin α 0   cos α sin α 0 (1/2)
=  sin α 0  − sin α cos α 0
1
cos α So, A−1 = ⋅ (adj A)
   | A|
 0 0 1  0 0 1
 1 1 2 
cos 2 α + sin 2 α 0 −
0
 −1 1 2   11 11 11 
= 0 sin 2 α + cos 2 α 0 1  8
= ⋅  8 −19 6 =  −
19 6
  
 0 1 11   11 11 11 
−3 14 −5  3
0
− 14 −5 
 1 0 0  11 11 11  (1)
= 0 1 0  …(i) (1) The given equations are
 
0 0 1 x + 3y + 4z = 8 ...(i)
 cos α sin α 0  cos α − sin α 0
2x + y + 2z = 5 ...(ii)
(adj A) ⋅ ( A) = − sin α cos α 0   sin α cos α 0
   and 5x + y + z = 7 ...(iii)
 0 0 1  0 0 1
which can be written in matrix form as AX = B,
cos 2 α + sin 2 α 0 0
 1 3 4  x 8
= sin α + cos 2 α
2
0   
where A = 2 1 2 , X = y and B = 5
0
 
 0 0 1      
5 1 1  z  7  (1)
 1 0 0  − 1 1 2 
= 0 1 0  …(ii)  x   11 11 11  8
   8 −19 6   
0 0 1 ⇒  y =   5 [Q X = A−1B]
  11 11 11   
cos α − sin α 
0  z   −3 14 −5  7 
and | A| = sin α cos α 0  11 11 11 
0 0 1  − 8 + 5 + 14  11
= 1 ⋅ (cos 2 α + sin 2 α ) = 1 (2)  11 11 11  11  x  1
 64 95 42  11    
[expanding along R3] = − +  =   ⇒  y  = 1
 1 0 0  11 11 11  11  z  1
− 24 + 70 − 35  11    
∴ | A| I3 = 0 1 0  …(iii)  11 11 11  11
 
0 0 1 ∴ x = 1, y = 1and z = 1 (1)
From Eqs. (i), (ii) and (iii), we get
Remember when finding the adjoint
A (adj A) = (adj A) ⋅ A = | A| I3 (1) Common of a matrix, then interchange the
Hence verified. Mistake cofactors of matrix.
 2 x (iii) Exactly one of them will be alive 25 yr hence in two
36. (i) Let I = ∫ dx …(i)
1 x + 3− x mutually exclusive ways :
(I) Husband will be alive 25 yr hence and wife will not
2 3− x
⇒ I=∫ dx …(ii) i.e. A ∩ B
1 3− x + x
(II) Wife will be alive 25 yr hence and husband will not
On adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get i.e. A ∩ B
2 1 ∴ P(exactly one will be alive 25 yr hence)
2 I = ∫ 1 dx = [ x ]12 = (2 − 1) = 1 ⇒ I =
1 2 (1) = P (I or II)
π

(ii) Let I = ∫ 3
log(tan x ) dx …(i) = P[( A ∩ B ) ∪ ( A ∩ B)]
π
6 = P( A ∩ B ) + P( A ∩ B)
π π
π  [Q A ∩ B and A ∩ B are mutually exclusive]
∴ I =∫ 3
log tan  − x dx = ∫ π3 log cot x dx …(ii)
π
2  = P( A) P(B ) + P( A )P(B)
6 6

On adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get [Q A, B are independent events]

π π 5  3  5 3
= × 1 −  + 1 −  ×
2I = ∫ π3 log[(tan x )(cot x )] dx = ∫ π3 0 dx = 0 12  8  12  8
6 6
[Q log 1 = 0 ] 5 5 7 3 46 23
= × + × = =
⇒ I=0 (1) 12 8 12 8 96 48 (2)
b x 1/ n Or
(iii) Let I = ∫ dx …(i) P(none of them will be alive 25 yr hence)
a x1/ n + (a + b − x )1/ n
= P( A ∩ B )
b (a + b − x )1/ n
∴I =∫ dx …(ii) = P( A ) P(B ) [Q A, B are independent events]
a (a + b − x )1/ n + x1/ n
 5  3
On adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get = 1 −  × 1 − 
 12   8
b b−a
2I = ∫ 1dx = [ x ]ba ⇒ 2I = b − a ⇒ I = 7 5 35
a 2 (2) = × =
12 8 96
Or
and P(at least one of them will be alive 25 yr hence)
b f( x)
Let I=∫ dx … (i)
a f ( x ) + f (a + b − x ) = 1 − P( A ) P(B )
 5  3
b f (a + b − x ) = 1 − 1 −  1 − 
⇒ I=∫ dx  12   8
a f (a + b − x ) + f (a + b − (a + b − x )
35 61
b f (a + b − x ) = 1− =
⇒ I=∫ dx … (ii) 96 96 (2)
a f (a + b − x ) + f ( x )
On adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
38. (i) For the given linear differential equation
dy y 1
b 1 + = e x , P( x ) = and Q( x ) = e x
2 I = ∫ 1 dx = [ x ] ba = b − a ⇒ I = (b − a) dx x x
a 2 (2)
 1 
So, integrating factor (IF) = exp  ∫ dx
37. (i) Let A be the event that the husband will be alive 25 yr  x 
hence and B be the event that the wife will be alive
= exp (log x ) = x (2)
25 yr hence. Then, A and B are independent events
such that (ii) The general solution is given by
5 5 3 3 y × IF = ∫ [Q( x ) × IF] dx + C
P( A) = = and P(B) = =
7 + 5 12 5+ 3 8 y × x = ∫ (e × x ) dx + C
x
II I
Hence, the required probabilities of husband living till
d 
70 and wife living till 61 are
5 3
and , respectively. xy = x ∫ e xdx − ∫  x ∫ e xdx  dx + C
12 8 (1) dx 
(ii) P(couple will be alive 25 yr hence) [using integration by parts]
= P(A and B) xy = xe − ∫ (1⋅ e )dx + C
x x

= P( A ∩ B)
xy = xe x − e x + C
= P( A) P(B) [Q Aand B are independent events]
 1 C
5 3 5 y = e x 1 −  +
= × =  x x (2)
12 8 32 (1)