Eqpuilibyi uno © Physical eguiltbsiuns The equilibium ochieved 1? physica Processes Such as diolulibn oy salt» evaporalido 6 woolen eke Le Called Physicad suet Ubriveme « Phase Gramformation : » Solid => Liquid Digued <> Qos: solid) => gon - Sclid- Liquid ecb: | Solin Heywic Sar - tse flask choosnat sho STalre ! = rransphou Mais PE: For ony pure Avbalane ak abmmosphouic u woe at uluch Tac sald and emu rae / ad Phases aw ob egoro 16 Called Wao rane malling pt oF oosmod fecwring tt og ttre srgstheles Fe Tee walin Liquid Vopour elrn: Woe = 'Pe- Boiling PL Fer any pane sunetsince (iguid) a , Liou cord Tre at wheel. the Ay gap ore A Goro te Called normal bo ling B-pt depends 00 abmosphave prevure at Puglia aided che Bp decuoser]Solid —Vopoun. Sigbnas eS TS) == Ee» es ——— —————— — = ——d ——— Ee ry ae lid ov Equilibrium iouoling dixolulion og solid or goo _ ee wig! ; EE es holulion rome. gb ee a led Alale Ckisk beltiecr Solute rovleekee 1p Zo And 40 Anlulwo - Sigesettan Se Segh seh Role % dusolulton = note & cxgslallaalion : bso Usdng Stadioolue Ages a ed * encel i — va Leg uid « See wale Thue replendes fs gesescues prone fo Liquid Unclear Peessure - ty law The 14 gqovanad Herr r — A Whih Stale mass oy 0. gos eolad lol mam o% Soluet of an ap eles % ger lowe lhe Aoluent . UAL wilder ure belicteon cad that olusolies Oe >>Fealiuus elrenued in Phuybicad gare: @ hig Nop —> Prevruae ts conblatr ot gesen Sip ota <= big—> Matting pt x 4oad of Cont Prem os 7 elk o=— Cowley Cok By <= Gora —. [e+ ogy far 5)] ig Const ak quan Lip. Gorood Chaotdirkin 9% Gquilieca in Physical Prt (1) Possible. im Chowed Syste ot Guan WP - oy quen OP | GZ Bsolh Prowewses Octrie oti fome vole Uae a diymeanatt, tet Stalste Conde . @ Ai moarrrale guonl ber gemoin cont @B epee Chouaclirsed hry Const Valuc % One person ak gusee Aaisp chemical Equi libra’ Thr vevers' ble Keoslion The seorkion io which The quod dc seark under ony condiltert Le ose bade soatlan® Qu Called prwerrble veaclisr 2Na +210 ——S 2Naott _ es Conen Solukk in gluldn tn centt at given wap: +l.= Rwersible saaction: The Saoulioe io wiih produc under === this condilions Suask fo gis broth eases = KoatBrl Ae Called Maversible peat adc ————— @y Wo+ms = 2ut N,0u =~ 2NO.. EAE Cmanical ego: when the ceoleg of Foot EEE a0 ZEEE forwad oud suvewe veatlion hetoma Gol ZA Ws coven, a soit aud padutlh sematn BZ Conglant Thin & Called Chemical bro Thus plore is by nanece. eplown. ZZ Nye + 3la @) = 2Niagy Noa + 3% @ = 2NDBs & ZA Chumfeo) saastions seach a Stolz pi % 1 Gund [rine -— | ke 11 HG kL = egam Constant «Chemical Ke so 4 Charen) equilirian At oa quen (am Conrenbelinre % the Koaclior produck gossed © he oconpertire ctoichionnbte cookyiccent i Jsaloned Chemical egualio> divicted Pry procluct 64 ConunGalio % Phe Suaclan’ Sroised lo Thain iadivicdursl doichiombae coepeiceen a Const Low & ChamicoS lee a Eqbr Law os Bailiboure- aA +bb = eh iddD- eee ce pl Cc - ae far cav ConmanGahoo fren, Mat tt 2 -fal ee fed (21 2Hi= pee OB) . ony Z a . Mer | bie Const ae & mst eg Aves We = — Glen ca & fran _Py de. Pb TL 7 +q- Vn 72, Homogenuccs equilibria: Al) swoelanls and producls ore in Sarna plrase (es) No gy +3 "agy ——> «anh Cty Coola gg) + H2Oe => Cla, COOH aye GMsOHp 9) Capilibrune Constant in goaecus Aegplanes + For veackom tnvolving, geses we Con express Eglo Comslant i Gis % pantie premun - “The. tac! np ts PvenRT- oa ew in a \P= <7 Ve Dp. moles V— olin? ty Coneenbralion V4 in enol |L ox vol [dee? and pu io bon. War pe eT ert Jo; cy} = [ga) RT Reso esiey Reo-osatboafL / mol. Ak comt Gp P ol contentolin== B Fox stain _eqho = bothe = 74 = kK = - SE c= Re- GR Ee te Ea @ elie, xz kp = CPu® Og = G1 eT BA (A) (P.) BE 2 fer er EE “Go Ge) we ZZ * )) et eer 7 Zn En Ahi(ea Kp = Ke. No@ + B42@ > 2Nily ZN a ZN Ke = {Rua ZC a De _ Saas ZN be = ee — _ (2,5 (Pa)? _ = [Nv] tens Rader. Ga eT _ - fa) _ No Ga eT Ke (a1)Gannalymn aA+ bB=2 cC+ AD Anz @i©-@+6) h d Ke ~ (PE) CP) en? Ro = ct of x (ar yee ee car (BP = ke ar” Pa = Ci * L & a | Gubstituling in 0- Visca, = 107 fon prrenwe S| ould be. in fost Pricer 1-3 Palle , Pals ord cl, anak em ak spol awd haweng Concentaaleo 159M Pols 1s9mM Oy balm Pele Rob 1-55 ———— For te egom 2Noclwy = 2NOw * Aa s xid° ot (069k, The Nols S egom cont ke (6 3-1 Colulele Ep der reacties . z AG] S21 kp = Ke en” ~b6 = Sts xo %O- 08S) 41069 =0-033-@ Helirogensous equilibrium: Equilibrium ee System Sesig, wnore Man one Phase . = ay ao ZED (al0W yo + Wag Coley + 20H —— in Bae f FEE Cor sclid ox liquid Contenbralioo is tndependen! 64 Ae amount present . ‘ Caco, @ a CaOe + COs (@ ke = Gos) Ges} ~~ Cates) CoQ, and Cod ore Solids . Ke = Eos (0 Kp= Pe. GB) Nee + AtOgy == Ni Cy ke = Inco) [eo) Value 04 ke for seechso: looole . if inlly COs et Co 2G, & 3-0 af loool . i 2 QY pra = R obabar ord Ro=Olece end Pare oS Roa = and (Ox. Peesant . Caluilala Gh partial promune 04 CO . ont - Lek x be Oleeremce in premune % Sas Orta t Co = 2a. | MWZVY¥Vvv“ICO, co Tnilial P= 04S bar ° At ejloro (© AS -%) bow Qr)yban - Reee (tae Peo, kp = QU" /(-us-x) ~ Axa a(o48-x) Ames UY ~ Be Axa sr - uu so. x = -ot (iuae 2a: Se = 3h at fanee- -hau) 2x4. C3 + Sb = ~3+ 5-6 s 7 Ors. Roe ax = 2%0:33- 20-Gbba- Ro o-4g-0-33 = O1Sba. 2 = OUB-H =@ SS uilibvium comst : SS Feaksus og Gquttior * 5 Caan ao can be “EE “Kantian & suacten a < awe olfaived Const value ok ebm . ae ~ ; foilial Cone of Steoulstul EP a. aor Cond 6 Vodaperdant & ““ aan tewperotione dependant (vovues wilh exp) 3. Eaben Co brn const dor veerne reaction 4% Gural fo Ihe — eg ebm cont — for forward veaclin Anmiorhe iS loro Const Appicalises 9% € % Pudick te exlamb o% Seactton ow Pudcet re Aerection o reotlmo *~ Caleutole estar Concenlielion | = a = j. Can > oT eel alone a xeorlion - Podicting Extent ke ov Kp Ye dinectty a hey Mose oe oaait, cud inversely PrOportco. Te Cone we . Cone naaclinks + ® Uf Ke 10? te Noy bugle = = Producs preclominelé over 220 DBNS Khon Jooslio “ (ie . Procads raarly Complelion await G) He +O, oh Sooke hae ke = 2 oF oT ai = nas Ke = AO Ato ak Sook W Wo +p Sov Sng ic oe Gi) Ut BR =V2tRr at 300 seclents i woduls & Ke Sie? . 5 Pracloeinale p Ton prowads Sroely. Ke us vee Sonal Seaslion Pro(i) docompesilion BH lbOinte th owd Oy of Sook &-. ke = Axo 48 Gi> Nae +02 MSE 2N0G. ab 298 hon. ke = 4.325% * | ke belveer 10 cette Concanralion og both @ Wy 4T, 4! kee = S10 ak Took ® N20y4 — 2NO - Ke « Geturd” alts. E) Predueling clesstion 96 the reaction § Reaction guotent (Q) G.- rolex Cone Op~ Rutiolp) LH re aiemilor te kes kp only aug rs concenholieo 1% nob aAtb® ce +dDdD. CAs \Jolues - Q.- Ciart CAT BIE: Qedlee geoaskion wil proud in Aincelion &% ‘ceanetanh Lie veverte veoslioo favoured] Q ke seackton will proceed io dixeclion % Produits (Ge forward Heatlior]. Qe= Ke seoarkioe mare of [om -e5-, ® =e Vole o ke fer veaclkion —— on 5 = % SLartion - = Baile At a guen hime Comp | oo ™ Ch] s B= @ 2anck ee Le wolich duutkos teaction Ut nn : . en CC i at BZ C mies | x10 4 x BHO BZ | oF Go® a a A =i. BZ ceclion EZ Ok Qe> Ke teaakion will proceed tn Z Hewwrke doluartivoo- Z La Galeertating aquilinum conaotialien Ze. Wsate Chemical gualior for Moe Guiltbrium anita! con, exbin toners BZ ZA Steps: unile gore Const exprova on atau knotod Velaas, ZA Smit: Express abl unknown Concentreliont Gr) QA porlias promure 1 urs Xs ZA QA Step w: Sotestilite contedlraler (01) Fh ohne, ZA Ln aplern Coren a iy Concarlxelwe ©o Sporn pPouwliod pr ermu® . -— ie twat placed 17> IL. xooclion Nenel ob L rack’ ond altos be altaie ofern + TAL ea ee od gre was fourd Pee en | coleslait oud Rulrod presus af Gbm-(Steph: Wile Spe chemical cquolion N2 O04 @y == 2NO.@. Dnilrol cones = 18-8: - . Toit J. VEIL R068 abautfeol Y= nook - a: Jeg mass 2 13-8 GE, 6 one! aM 32 = O15 [Hedy 284 by =92) Trial press Pe = ORT Bo Initial P c= DRT Ps 0115x0083 *HOO = 4:98 bax. N20, == 2NOa, a AB bes ° K\ efor G9e-%) (Cox) Piste = Frog + Prox QS = (498-2) +2% gv. AAS +e: we Gis — 4°98 = JV bot - Ges Gate: o oleae eda Pro 2 oe Bs yg Soe Ke = Bod /Pun = GmMS/oe = 89°81. kp = ke(an*” aes-272 ke oss aie Grae) kee = ss-s7 oes. «== 2-586. © -082*4DO —=>Pe oe 3-00moe) 6 Pols = Vere) wat allowed [6 allain ego = Colusale Comp & minline at er ee Pele ==> Pels +d, = Sriftal &-0 . } Zz coe x aoe ZEEE * = Cdl G1 Kk 2, 2 Ra 7 oe ZZ ete ve (a- Ze + BHISx-S y=. Ze 2 See ZI. at _ as [ose _ es TN = et J@autared _ ue ——— a A mee Cis+4rwe)h, = ea. Eqbrn cone: vsq = EGIM, halen . kept in IL Chased Xeackien at 380i . keelso, 5Relationship beliveen AG aud ates A&=D Q=ke- Aa = AGS +RTInk=0- AGS - -RTInk - Wwe = - Aw? QT: kK = ott. * 1£ AGI Lo than — ac@eji = 1Ve Ss, ee Spoclonowus » PI Prducta ore favowud . AU AS s0 ACT =-ve. On vel AC MET Tye eteet 7 go kK Sel on -ponlancss Seo dorweud gealion ts nol pocwd Ex 110 _Paacl Volue 4 AG? for phecphonylalizor Gurls 1% 1SSK3 fmol Fend Value % Ke of 208 Og Glucose, 1 ~ A va p — —4BxIG- 13 S008 | rf Logik = Bole © = Jane 220% (8-3/4 x298) STIOS-& s S40 — MS = k= 2-802 «10 on sq eBww. ACTORS AFFECTING FE &BM Le chatlier’s Princ ple: Change in any Of the flee teal ZB dliwaina fhe egbre aan a ‘gin usill Conse . the lem lo cl in a = 4e ants lta. ov fo Counticact Ze Whe effet og Change. 2 Effect & Covcenlrakoo » 2 (0) Added Steactagh—_s foroacd cele voutd * Removed Prcliect ——S mi uh \\\\\ rT — Hah aT. Cato, 2s C04 CBg Addn &, Xeoclauk avous (eres ~?, oa Ingo @} Senoval eg Co, poo 4, ® Removal % Sead Babee 2 fou vewted! Added —Proclucf —» » BHa+ Ny ==> 2QNH,- Pega No ov Ho. weep —S favouss ee dedilioo eg Nis, ——-> : uReacteals: Fe ep! Senep) => [Fe (gen) Yellows Colouceu deep ted : ae [Fe (sen (Fe) Sew] [Fe (Senf* S fy back wad Seaton: Hod Colour betores Qroleter . Fe** 5 a S hed Colow clecpen’. Ee g essere. Ch : Change oe Premure has fort only 00 jui Uru dtuch tovokee Joneous Asluslances qurd Proceed in dination with change in BO, % moles % Jae - Percoacts in ducetion wilh incense tn Numba © rovles - Bll + No <=> 2NN4 froo es Qroles. Seduce Prevure bockewnrd Seackion fovoiwed . Toucose Pressure’ Poncoadis th Clarcebion wilh ceceare in 0. & rooles . in aleve Go? forward suaclion fovorusd,en involving Loliols aud® i ecg Change in Pressure Can be Aaguacts 7 inden! &% Pros Changs. Zep = SE EE ; == WwO+ 1hOe tl —— CO@y? 2 @® \ nN Qmoles . Jp cooles outed . invade In preisure fonoad = fee “se Ceucore in Saverse om fewen . ont m \ ——> 200, Ce 1 Orgs =a vay \mole, Imoles . Bicwegnesvem Pioneer forward fevouted P dee govoe wp fororwredl Efped % Inet gas a ddl fi sf affed oo fred ge Aeesne . roo oi a ie doesnot get involved (9 Kae Suackon : i riven Glunlaaf Chong Oy ==! a ges te Gootlant o> Procluct. Effet of lomperatire’ Coco IRoumie Xearlion Egbm Comlaul 4° clecreoses as ae ic “ootlion Seas Un acenrcsA W! sualian ( $orasad rp favowed) , + Cxollkenve Paolo Imre “4 inuwoveed \ ZZ th forwmeord on ZZ Lizzeo —Exe~ple: exo No 4 Slo == 2Nile. Ale ae ies enolo if (emep inusonead davours ero Ihemuc ra Se hork word Seachon IK fovowred . 4 laup duscosed Cxnolhanie seaclion 1% fevered (der ward wD fouoused ) N endo e 2 4 On SOND AH Igoied \DUugane In Cup forward wy (erclolhomice rm) avowed . Olercare

fovows ae Colow — to Bap — -fovows ey Colow — DWicsolution og gases fo Aig wide 1 alway exolhtmece . Solubi Ly dericancs wilh Incwore tn [cap . Sol O Nbyck Natio, Soluknb& inrieovaes Condo Mewie. Srlub % Coch, 42s Na deusore — (erolhinne ) Decicore= ftet o Colalysh @ = ieee % t doin! dull the Slote &% Gjuilitrium because it foasanes Me Hote == o bool forward aud hackoad Seaclion IF SE Same extent It simply fosters the aillacnment ZB 8 eho ae | (Ne ee any (Meber s Process) et high Cousp reel ve a Beso or « Zz ak ven lous a Seadoo ou te imuscne Me Hoke © duaten 4200 calalys! | 6 : ai EE EE a \\ 1H Coolact Proc: 26 2802 wt Or & == 250, 6) ke = D6 Stn Procesels lo Completion bul 4 Ver slo — - *-F Carley I~ Zi LEE