The SAN++ Continuous Flow Analyzer SAN++

Available Automated Applications SAN++:

 Introduction of Skalar
Skalar applications are according to international
directives such as • EPA
• ASTM
• ISO
• CEN
• AFNOR
• AOAC
• DIN
• NEN
• ASBC
• EBC
• Mebak
• User’s methods
The SAN++ Continuous Flow Analyzer SAN++
Data acquisition and
instrument control
Sampler

Chemistry unit
with detectors
The Chemical Process
Auto-Sampler models

SA 1100: PC controlled, random access

carousel sampler, 50 or 100 samples per
batch

SA 1050: PC controlled, random access,

140 samples, automatic over-range
dilution and standard preparation

SA 1074: PC controlled, random

access, 300 samples, automatic
over-range dilution and standard
preparation
Auto-Sampler models

SA 1075: PC controlled, random

access, 540 samples, automatic
over-range dilution and standard
preparation
SA 1100 Auto-sampler

2 x 40 sample positions and

2x 5 standard positions
2 x 50 Sample Positions

Dual Needle Sample pick-up

Independent Rinsing Pump

 SA 1050 Computer Controlled Auto Sampler

11 Separate Positions
Built in Diluter
for Standards and
Station
QC checks

Built in Rinsing
Pump

9 Separate
Positions for
Automatic
Preparation of
140 Sample Optional stirrer/ Working Standards
Positions in dual needle
4 Racks
 SA 1074 Computer Controlled Auto-sampler
Large Capacity

40 Separate Positions for

Standards and QC samples

Bar code reader

Up to 4sample
Needles

Built in Diluter
300 Sample Station
Positions in
5 Racks
Customized Sample Racks
Chemistry Section

Expendable from 1 to
5 chemistry
modules per unit

Separated, 3 x 2 channels
photometric detectors
2 x 16 channels peristaltic
pump with separated
synchronized air injection
system, long life pump
tubes and multi speed
pump for fast start up and
shut down
Chemical Manipulations
 Detectors
• VIS, UV or IR Detector
• Fluorimeter
• Ion Selective Detector
• pH Meter
• Flame Photometer
• Conductivity Meter
• Amperometric
detector
 Digital Photometer, Dual
Channel
Filter 340 – 1100 nm

Halogen lamp

flow cell 5 – 50 mm
Users friendly:
Digital detector heads mounted in the chemistry unit,  no alignments
for wide range detection and low detection limits
Process of Digital Photometer, Dual Channel

Interference Filter 1

Flow cell 1 Detector 1

Light Source

Flow cell 2 Detector 2

Interference Filter 2
High Resolution Digital Photometer

Chemistry Range: 1 µg  1 mg N (NO2)/l.

(3 decades)
1 ppb N
Automatic Sample Matrix Correction

Detection Wavelength

Correction Wavelength

Half transparent mirror

for light beam splitting Flow cell Halogen lamp
Digital Matrix Photometer
Automatic Sample Matrix Correction

Interference Filter
Correction Wavelength
Mirror

Flow Cell

Photo
Light Source Multiplier

Interference Filter
Detection Wavelength
 Sub ppb /ppt level detection using 50 cm, 100 cm or
250 cm flowcells

San++ analysis data Phosphate

Range 0 - 40 µg P/L
Minimum Detection
0.07µg P/L
Limit (MDL)
RSD (%) 0.3%
Regression (r) 0.99993

San++ analysis data Total Phenols

Ranges 0.1 - 20 µg/l
Minimum Detection
0.12 µg/l
Limit (MDL)
RSD (%) 0.66%
Regression (r) 0.99995
Sub ppb /ppt level detection using 50 cm, 100 cm or
250 cm flowcells
Consisting of:
Flow Cell + housing
Optical light guiding block
2x Optical Fiber

20
Light passes
through
Fiber optic

Liquid passes
through
hollow fiber

Inside housing
flow cell

Light in Liquid in Liquid out Light out

from detector to waste to detector
21
 Positioning light guiding block: Light from Light to
Fiber Optics: 2x: 1x light TO, flow cell flow cell
1x light FROM flow cell

Optical light guiding block inserted

in detector head. NO alignment

From flow cell To flow cell

Detector
Lamp

Lamp
Detection

22
Advantage:
Lower detection limits.
(Absorbance measurement increases with factor 10 –
50x)

Available flow cells:

Light path 50 cm Catnr. 6481
Light path 100 cm Catnr. 6482
Light path 250 cm Catnr. 6485

Seminar March 2013 23

Phosphate calibration (up to 40 μg P/L):

Ranges 0.1 - 40 μg P/L

Minimum Detection Limit (MDL) : 0,07μg P/L
RSD (%) : 0.3 %
Regression (r) : 0.99993

Seminar March 2013 24

Phenol Index calibration (0.1 - 20 μg/L):

Ranges 0.1 - 20 μg Phenol/L

Minimum Detection Limit (MDL) 0.1 μg/l
RSD (%) 0.001%
Regression (r) 0.99995

Seminar March 2013 25

Total Cyanide calibration (0.02- 20 μg/L):

Range : 0.02 - 20 μg CN/L

Minimum Detection Limit (MDL) : 0.018 μg/l
RSD (%) : 0.003%
Regression (r) : 0.9999
 Detection limit is in compliance to Regulation “Environmental Quality
Standards for Water Framework Directive”

Seminar March 2013 26

 Additional Feature: Automatic reagent switch over

 Manually operated Rinsing Valve

for easy switch over between
reagent and wash

Automatic Rinsing Valve

Software Controlled
with full automatic start up and
shut down option
to extend analyzer capacity
outside working hours
Optional

Real Automatic start-up/shut-down for increased

sample throughput during “out of office” hours with
automatic reagent switching valves
 Easy and flexible initial
FlowAccess™ Software analyzers set up and
control
FlowAccess™ Software
User-friendly sample table set-up
Auto-numbering
Real-time table editing for adding priority samples during the run
Upload / download from LIMS or Excel
 Sample results info in Real-time
Real-time of multiple analysis
FlowAccess™ Software channels
Real-time peak editing and re-
calculation
 Flexible data handling
Extensive data validation & data
FlowAccess™ Software statistics in real-time
Automatic drift & baseline
correction
Data output via LIMS or Excel
 Real-time QC control on
active run with CLP
FlowAccess™ Software protocols
21 CFR part 11
compliant
 Typical Advantages Skalar CFA compared to
other techniques.
 Implementation of complex analysis techniques like:
inline distillation, digestion, extraction, dialysis

 No blocking by dirty samples (waste water, soil extracts) due to mini-bore

1.5 mm i.d. coils and in-line filtration with dialysis

 Sub ppb level sensitivity (and extended range in ppm level)

 Full end point color development (optimal chemistry)

 Closed system, no contamination or outside air interference

 High accuracy and precision

 Clearly visible analysis process and high degree of Quality Control on data
(CLP, data traceability 21CFRpart11, password protection etc.)
SAN++ operation
 Environmental Applications
• Purpose: Environmental Control
• Most common applications: NO3+NO2, ammonia, o-
PO4, Si, Total Cyanide, Total Phenol, Anionic
Surfactants, Total Phosphate, Total Nitrogen etc.
Method Example: Ammonia, range 1 to 1000 ppb N /l.

Photometric detection

Color Reaction

Sampling
Ammonia, range to 100 ppb N /l.

Fluorimetric detection

Fluorescent reagent
addition

Sampling
Method Example: Nitrate + Nitrite, range 1 to 1000 ppb N /l.

Photometric detection

Color Reaction

Cd reduction column

Sampling
Nitrate + Nitrite, range 5 mg N /l.

FLOW DIAGRAM
waste
ml/min

Flow cell 10 mm
5323 Filter 540 nm
Cor. Filter 620 nm

Colour reagent 5246

5220
Air 5246
5220
waste
5357 + 5112

C
5210
5290
Air
Buffer solution 5245 5325

Sample

waste

Sampler
Phenol Index, a complete Analysis Process

FLOW DIAGRAM
Photometricwaste
detection
ml/min Flow cell 50 mm
Filter 505 nm
Cor. filter 720 nm
waste

Potassium ferricyanide solution 5246

Air

Resample 5216 5320 5320

waste
5207 5201 5202
4-Aminoantipyrine solution
5304 * built up in glass
sleeved with acidflex
cooling 5268
Distilled water 5246
waste 5201

5204 waste 5324

Nitrogen gas 70 - 80 units ** X

Air 1330
5325
Sample 5216
5201 5521
Distillation reagent

155°C
In-line distillation

waste

Sampler

* distillation unit is situated

beside the module support holder
** always close the clamp after
Sampling
shutting down the instrument
Total Cyanide, a complete Analysis Process
FLOW DIAGRAM Photometric detection
waste
ml/min
Flow cell 50 mm
Colour reagent 5246 Filter 600 nm
Cor. filter 650 nm
Chloramine-T solution 5246
Air
Color Reaction
5245 5325 5521/5300
Buffer solution
5220 5220
(Re)sample 37°C

built up
a
in glass
vacuum sleeved
## pump with
3142 9031 acidflex
condensor
5371
waste

5370

5142
waste
5142
5202 *
5304 cooling 5362
Sodium hydroxide solution (0.1M) 5246 5130
In-line distillation
waste
5304 cooling

Air
5590 # 5521
5326 5214 5328
Sample 5216 ** 5201
Distillation reagent UV digestion 125°C

Distilled water 5246

Sodium hydroxide to all waste lines
solution (1M) in waste vessel cyanide
waste
Sampler

* distillation unit is situated at the back panel of the module support holder
** glass tubing SA 5359 (2.0mm I.D., 4.0mm O.D.) In-line UV digestion
#
Sampling air linlet via 50 cm 5133 tube with restrictor (3 cm 5142 tube)
## air restrictor (2CA14031)
 Total Nitrogen by in-line UV-digestion
FLOW DIAGRAM
(5-500 ppb N & 25-5000 ppb N)
ml/min
Photometric detection waste

Flow cell 50 mm
Color reaction
Colour reagent 0.23 5247 5221 5323 Filter 540 nm
Cor. Filter 620 nm

5220
Air 5246 ## 5357 + 5112
0.42 5260 1 Cadmium column
waste

2
Air *** 5210
5260
Buffer solution (upper stream) 1.40 5241

Air ***
5275
* In-line dialysis
Buffer solution (under stream) 0.80 5245 5325
waste
Resample 0.42
# glass
Back Pressure Unit
5217 5324
(0.5 bar) 5360 **
Distilled water + Brij 35 0.23 5246
5202
Air ***
5325 5580 5521
Sample 0.42 5216

Persulfate reagent
Boric acid reagent
0.42
0.42 5202
UV digestion 107°C
In-line UV digestion
2.50
waste (from 5218)

1.00
waste

ml/min * standard membrane catnr. SA 5283

Predilution P14
built up in glass ** built up in glass (sleeved with acidflex)

Distilled water 2.50

*** via air wash bottle (containing 2.5M sulfuric acid solution)

Air # 3-way valve

5328
* * air
0.42 5216 back pressure
5201 2CA10095 regulator 0.5 bar
Distilled water 2.50
waste
5217
waste
*
Back pressure
Sampling Sampler
from 5217 5218
Regulation
* 5133 tubing waste (2.50 ml/min.)

## valve with SA 5150 silicon tube

1 = open during analysis, closed during start up / shut down
2 = closed during analysis, open during start up / shut down
 Total Phosphate by in-line UV-digestion
FLOW DIAGRAM
ml/min
Photometric detection waste

5522/5303 Flow cell 50 mm

Filter 880 nm
Color reaction 40°C
Cor. filter 1010 nm

L(+)Ascorbic acid solution

Ammonium molybdate solution 5223 **

10 turns
5217
waste
5247
Air
5325
Resample 5245 **
5 turns 5221
Sodium hydroxide solution

Back Pressure Unit #

(0.3-0.4 bar) glass
5217
5360
5323

Sulfuric acid + FFD6 solution

Air
5325 5580 5325 5523
Sample 5216
5201 107°C
Oxidation solution UV digestion
built up in glass
(sleeved with acidflex)

waste (from 5370)

Sampling Sampler
waste UV + 107°C Digestion
** polyethylene tube catnr. SA 5141 # 3-way valve

*** silicone tube catnr. SA 5150 * * a

back pressure
2CA10095 regulator 0.3-0.4 bar

Back pressure waste

*
Regulation from 5217 5370

* 5133 tubing waste (2.50 ml/min.)

Anionic Surfactants (MBAS)
Phase Separation

In-line Chloroform
Extraction
 ChromiumVI+

Photometric detection

Sampling

Color reaction
Skalar SAN++ configurations
Skalar SAN++ configurations
Skalar SAN++ configurations
 Seawater Applications
• Purpose: Oceanographic Research
• Most common applications: NO3+NO2, ammonia, o-
PO4, Si, NO2, Dissolved Organic Carbon
Typical SAN++ Seawater Configuration
Ultra-low nutrient levels in seawater using the matrix
correction photometers
 Sub ppb /ppt level detection using 50 cm, 100 cm or
250 cm flowcells
San++ analysis data Phosphate
Range 0 - 40 µg P/L
Minimum Detection
0.07µg P/L
Limit (MDL)
RSD (%) 0.3%
Regression (r) 0.99993

San++ analysis data Total Phenols

Ranges 0.1 - 20 µg/l
Minimum Detection
0.12 µg/l
Limit (MDL)
RSD (%) 0.66%
Regression (r) 0.99995
 Special Modifications for Shipboard
Transportation/Mounting

Magnetic fixation of racks

Transportation cases

Mounting Material Holder for table mounting

 Soil & Plant Applications
• Purpose: agricultural consulting, i.e. labs providing
fertilization advises to farmers
• Most common applications: N (NO3, ammonia), P (o-
PO4), K, Carbon (soil), B, Cation Exchange Capacity
(CEC), Ca, Mg, etc.
Method Example: Boron, range 0.04 – 2 mg/l.
Photometric detection

Color Reaction

Sampling
 Soil & Plant Applications
Nitrate in soil extracts
FLOW DIAGRAM Photometric
waste
detection
ml/min

Flow cell 10 mm
Filter 540 nm
Cor. Filter 620 nm

Colour reagent

Air

waste

Air
C
Cd reduction column
Buffer solution

Air

Buffer solution + EDTA

Sample
waste

Dialyzer for sample clean-up

waste
Sampler

Sampling
 Soil & Plant Applications
Olsen-P in soil extracts

FLOW DIAGRAM
waste
ml/min

Flow cell 50 mm
Filter 880 nm
Cor. Filter 1010 nm
40°C

Ascorbic acid solution

Ammonium molybdate solution

Air
Distilled water + FFD6
Air
Sample
Sodium hydroxide solution
waste

waste

Sampler
 Beer & Malt Applications
• Purpose: Quality Control Beer & Malt Production
• Most common applications:
Beer: Bitterness, Free Amino Nitrogen, Sulfurdioxide,
PolyPhenols, b-glucan etc.
Malt: a-amylase, diastatic power, soluble protein,
FAN, b-glucan, pH etc.
 Beer & Malt Applications
Bitterness
FLOW DIAGRAM UV Photometric detection
free waste
ml/min
5142
5211 Flow cell 30 mm
5141 tube 30 cm
Filter 275 nm

5141

X 5204
ethanol
100%
** 5212
phase separator Phase separation
5142
5300

5142 polyethylene tube

20°C
0.10 pump tube
Hydrochloric acid solution 0.10 directly connected

Air
5304
iso-Octane *
1.80 5216 Iso-octane extraction
20°C 5202
Sample 0.80

*
0.43
waste
1.40* waste
5142
Sampler

* acidflex tubing
** phase separator
Beer & Malt Applications
Total SO2

Photometric detection

Colorimetric reaction

Gas dialysis

Acid hydrolysis
 Beer & Malt Applications
b-glucan
FLOW DIAGRAM Fluorimetric detection
waste
ml/min

FLUORIMETER
Flow cell 2 mm
Filter excitation 365 nm
Filter emission 425 nm

Air
Calcofluor Colorimetric reaction
Resample

Air
Distilled water + Triton X-100

Sample

waste

Sampler
 Wine Analysis

• Purpose: QC control
• Most common applications:
Sugars (specific and total), Sulfurdioxide, Volatile
Acidity, Total Acidity, Malic Acid, Lactic Acid etc.
 Wineries
Sulfur dioxide
FLOW DIAGRAM
waste
ml/min

Flow cell 10 mm
Filter 560 nm
Cor. filter 700 nm
37°C

para-Rosaniline solution

Formaldehyde solution
Air
Sulfuric acid solution (1%)

Air 37°C

Sulfuric acid solution (5%)

Sample 95°C 37°C

waste

waste

Sampler
 Wineries
Total Reducing Sugars
FLOW DIAGRAM
(range 0.4-20 g C6H12O6/litre)
waste
ml/min
Flow cell 10 mm
Filter460 nm
Cor. Filter 620 nm
97°C
Colour reagent
Air
Sodium carbonate solution

Air
Sodium chloride solution
Resample
waste

Air
Hydrochloric acid solution

Sample 95°C

Air

Distilled water + Brij 35

waste

Sampler

* standard membrane catnr. SA 5282

 Milk Analysis

• Purpose: QC control Milk & Milk Products / Health

control cows
• Most common applications: acetone, urea, 8-
hydroxy-butyric acid, NO3+NO2, NO2, Cl, SO4 etc.
 Urea in milk analysis
Photometric detection

Colorimetric reaction

Dialyzer for sample clean-up

Sampling with special heating rinsing vessel to avoid

clogging from fats
 Nitrite in milk analysis
Photometric detection

Colorimetric reaction

Dialyzer for sample clean-up

Sampling with special heating rinsing vessel to avoid

clogging from fats
 Tobacco Applications
Available applications:
nicotine, sugars, chloride, ammonia, cyanide, volatile base,
niacin, nitrogen etc.
Tobacco Applications
Total Reducing Sugars

Photometric detection

Color Reaction

dialysis

Hydrolysis

Sampling
 Tobacco Applications
Nicotine

Photometric detection

Color Reaction

dialysis

Sampling
 Food Applications
Typical applications:
- Meat: hydroxyproline, Cl, NO3+NO2 etc.
- Miscellaneous: Vitamins (A, B1, B2, B3, B6, C), lactic acid,
glutamic acid, Total Phosphate, Sulfate, Starch etc.
 Fertilizer Applications
• Purpose: Quality Control Fertilizer Production
• Most common applications: N (NO3, ammonia), P (o-
PO4), K, urea, Ca, Mg etc.
• Important: high accuracy/precision requirements to
save costs on raw materials
Method Example: Ammonia, range to 5 ppm N /l.
FLOW DIAGRAM Photometric detection
waste
ml/min

Flow cell 30 mm
Color Reaction 5521/5300 Filter 660 nm
Cor. filter 520 nm
40°C

Sodium dichloroisocyanurate sol. 5246

5220
Sodium nitroprusside solution 5246
Sodium salicylate solution 5246
Air
5325 5325 5325
Buffer solution 5245
5220 5220
Sample

waste

Sampler

Sampling
Fertilizer Applications
Urea in fertilizer extracts
Fertilizer Applications
Potassium in fertilizer extracts
 Aluminum Melters
• Purpose: Environmental / Working Environment
Control in aluminum production
• Most common applications: Total Cyanide, Total
Fluoride which is formed during melting process
 Aluminum Melters
Total Fluoride
FLOW DIAGRAM
waste
ml/min
Flow cell 50 mm
Filter 620 nm
Cor. filter 720 nm
Air

Resample

waste

Colour reagent

cooling
waste

Nitrogen gas 70/80 units cooling

X
Air
Distillation reagent
Sample
150°C

waste

Sampler

** distillation unit is situated at the back panel of the module support holder
 Mining
• Purpose: Environmental Control
• Most common application: Total Cyanide, Weak-
Acid Dissociable Cyanide, Free Cyanide
 Detergents
• Purpose: QC control detergent production
• Most common applications: protease,
cellulase, lipase, total phosphate, phosphate
speciation etc.
 Skalar SAN++ Analyzer Features Summary
• User friendly
• Tailor-made configurations (i.e. choice of samplers, chemistries etc.)
• Automation of colorimetric application, including complex sample
manipulations (i.e. in-line distillations, digestions, extractions etc.)
• Automatic pre- & post dilutions & preparation of working standards
• 5 chemistries in one module holder, up-to 16 chemistries simultaneously
• High accuracy air-injection with built-in air compressor
• Triple cuff tubes (lower running costs), triple speed pump for fast start-
up/shut-down
• Automatic Start-up & Shut-down
• Easy-to-use photometers, no alignment required, 5 – 50 mm flowcells
• Built-in high accuracy reactor controllers with clear visual display for GLP
• Real matrix correction for sample with salinity variations
• All applications according EPA, Standard Methods, ISO, ASTM etc.
 Skalar SAN++ Analyzer Software Features
• User friendly in day-to-day operation
• Control up-to 16 analysis channels simultaneously, control of multiple
systems from 1 interface
• Easy-to-use graphics display of analyser hardware set-up
• Real-time table editing for priority samples and table extension during
the analysis run
• Import of ASCII or ExcelTM format tables / Data export to LIMS/ExcelTM
• Real-time result calculation, re-calculation & peak editing
• Extensive data validation capabilities including calibration statistics
(correlation coefficient, residual standard deviation, relative standards
deviation, detection and determination limit etc.), CLP (i.e. QC control
in real-time)
• User definable report format
• Password protection with definable user levels and digital signature
• 21CFR part 11 compliant
 QUESTIONS

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