TITLE

NAME

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 TITLE

NAME

A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the

requirements for the award of the degree of
Doctor of Business Administration

Azman Hashim International Business School

Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

Month YYYY
 DECLARATION

I declare that this thesis entitled “

Future-Ready Skills and Effectiveness of Good Governance Practices among Administrative an
” is the result of my own research except as cited in the references. The
thesis has not been accepted for any degree and is not concurrently submitted in the
candidature of any other degree.

Signature : ....................................................
Name :
Date :
 DEDICATION

This thesis is dedicated to..

iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

...

iv
 ABSTRACT

...

v
 ABSTRAK

...

vi
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE

DECLARATION ii
DEDICATION iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iv
ABSTRACT v
ABSTRAK vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS vii
LIST OF TABLES xi
LIST OF FIGURES xii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xiii
LIST OF SYMBOLS xiv
LIST OF APPENDICES xv

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Research
1.2 Case Background
1.3 Problem Statement
1.4 Research Gaps
1.5 Research Questions
1.6 Research Objectives
1.7 Researcher Role
1.8 Researcher Ethics
1.9 Significance of the Research
1.10 Scope of the Research
1.11 Definition of Terms
1.12 Organization of the Research

CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Introduction
2.2 Context Discussion
 2.3 Underpinning Theory and Model
2.4 Past and Contemporary Studies
2.5 Synthesis of Potential Interventions
2.5.1 Potential Intervention 1
2.5.2 Potential Intervention 2
2.5.3 Potential Intervention 3
2.5.4 Potential Intervention 4
2.5.5 Potential Intervention 5
2.5.6 Potential Intervention 6
2.5.7 Potential Intervention 7
2.5.8 Potential Intervention 8
2.5.9 Potential Intervention 9
2.5.10 Potential Intervention 10
2.6 Proposed Interventions
2.6.1 Cycle One Intervention
2.6.1.1 Input
2.6.1.2 Transformation
2.6.1.3 Output
2.6.2 Cycle Two Intervention: Reading Buddy
System
2.6.2.1 Input
2.6.2.2 Transformation
2.6.2.3 Output
2.7 Summary

CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Introduction
3.2.1 Ontology 12
3.2.2 Epistemology
3.2.3 Axiology 12
3.2.4 Research Paradigm Justifications
3.4 Research Approach

viii
 3.5 Research Method
3.6 Research Design
3.7 Unit of Analysis
3.8 Time Horizon
3.9 Research Instrument and Measures
3.9.1 Instrument Development
3.9.1.1 Questionnaire Design
3.9.1.2 Interview Protocol Design
3.10 Sampling Design
3.10.1 Population
3.10.2 Sampling Frame
3.10.3 Sampling Technique
3.10.4 Sample Size
3.11 Data Collection Procedure
3.11.1 Quantitative Procedure
3.11.2 Qualitative Procedure
3.12 Data Analysis Procedure
3.12.1 Quantitative Procedure
3.12.2 Qualitative Procedure
3.13 Summary

CHAPTER 4 CYCLE ONE ANALYSIS AND RESULTS

4.1 Introduction
4.2 Field Work
4.3 Findings
4.3.1 Quantitative Results
4.3.2 Qualitative Results
4.5 Reflections
4.5.1 Content Reflection
4.5.2 Process Reflection
4.5.3 Premise Reflection
4.6 Summary

ix
CHAPTER 5 CYCLE TWO ANALYSIS AND RESULTS
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Field Work
5.3 Findings
5.3.1 Quantitative Results
5.3.2 Qualitative Results
5.5 Reflections
5.5.1 Content Reflection
5.5.2 Process Reflection
5.5.3 Premise Reflection
5.6 Summary

CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

6.1 Introduction
6.2 Action Research Overview
6.3 Discussion of Findings
6.3.1 Research Objective 1
6.3.2 Research Objective 2
6.3.3 Research Objective 3
6.4 Implications and Contributions of the Research
6.5 Limitations and Suggestions for Future Research
6.5.1 Limitations of the Study
6.5.2 Suggestions for Future Research
6.6 Conclusions

REFERENCES 23

APPENDIX 24

LIST OF PUBLICATIONS 35

x
 LIST OF TABLES

TABLE NO. TITLE PAGE

Table 1-1 Summary of RQs, Research Instrument and Data Sources

xi
 LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE NO. TITLE PAGE

Figure 3-1 Research Onion

xii
 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

XXX XXXXXX
XXX XXXXXX
XXX XXXXXX
XXX XXXXXX

xiii
 LIST OF SYMBOLS

α - Cronbach’s alpha
> - Is greater than
< - Is less than
≥ - Is greater than or equals
× - Multiplication
–» - Path
R2 - Coefficient of determination
f2 - Effect size
Q2 - Predictive relevance
q2 - Effect size of predictive relevance

xiv
 LIST OF APPENDICES

APPENDIX TITLE PAGE

Appendix A Similarity Index Report (Cycle 1)

Appendix B Similarity Index Report (Cycle 2)
Appendix C Impact Report
Appendix D Interview Consent Form (Cycle 1)
Appendix E Interview Consent Form (Cycle 2)
Appendix F Company Letter of Intent
Appendix G Compulsory Meeting Form (Cycle 1)
Appendix H Compulsory Meeting Form (Cycle 2)
Appendix I Presentation Consent Form
Appendix J Research Instruments (Cycle 1)
Appendix K Research Instruments (Cycle 2)

xv
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Research

...

1.2 Case Background

...

1.3 Problem Statement

...

1.4 Research Gaps

...

1.5 Research Questions

... Therefore, the primary research questions that guide this action research
are as follows:

RQ1. What are the specific challenges faced by …?

1
RQ2. What targeted interventions can be implemented to address these challenges
and enhance outcomes?

RQ3. How effective these interventions are and can these interventions be
recommended to ensure their effectiveness and sustainability?

1.6 Research Objectives

…. As a result, the following are the main research objectives that inform this
action research:

RO1. Identify specific challenges faced by …

RO2. Identify targeted interventions can be implemented to address these

challenges and enhance outcomes.

RO2. Measure effectiveness of these interventions and make recommendations to

ensure their effectiveness and sustainability.

Table 1-1 Summary of RQs, Research Instrument and Data Sources

Research
RQ Method Research Instrument Source of Data
RQ1 Qualitative  Focus Group Primary Data
Discussion  Fieldwork
 Interview
 Content Analysis Secondary Data
 Reports
 Magazines
 News

2
 Research
RQ Method Research Instrument Source of Data
 Online Publications
Quantitative  Survey Primary Data
 Fieldwork

Secondary Data
 Reports
 Magazines
 News
 Online Publications
RQ2 Qualitative  Focus Group Primary Data
Discussion  Fieldwork
 Interview
 Content Analysis Secondary Data
 Reports
 Magazines
 News
 Online Publications
RQ3 Qualitative  Focus Group Primary Data
Discussion  Fieldwork
 Interview
 Content Analysis Secondary Data
 Reports
 Magazines
 News
 Online Publications
Quantitative  Survey Primary Data
 Fieldwork

Secondary Data
 Reports
 Magazines
 News
 Online Publications

1.7 Researcher Role

...

3
1.8 Researcher Ethics

1.9 Significance of the Research

...

1.10 Scope of the Research

...

1.11 Definition of Terms

The following common terms in this study were used and operationally
defined:

Conceptually…

Operationally…

1.12 Organization of the Research

4
 CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Introduction

....

2.2 Context Discussion

...

2.3 Underpinning Theory and Model

2.4 Past and Contemporary Studies

...

2.5 Synthesis of Potential Interventions

...

5
2.5.1 Potential Intervention 1

...

2.5.2 Potential Intervention 2

...

2.5.3 Potential Intervention 3

...

2.5.4 Potential Intervention 4

...

2.5.5 Potential Intervention 5

2.5.6 Potential Intervention 6

...

6
2.5.7 Potential Intervention 7

...

2.5.8 Potential Intervention 8

...

2.5.9 Potential Intervention 9

...

2.5.10 Potential Intervention 10

...

2.6 Proposed Interventions

...

2.6.1 Cycle One Intervention

...

7
2.6.1.1 Input

....

2.6.1.2 Transformation

....

2.6.1.3 Output

...

2.6.2 Cycle Two Intervention: Reading Buddy System

...

2.6.2.1 Input

...

2.6.2.2 Transformation

...

8
2.6.2.3 Output

...

2.7 Summary

..

9
 CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Introduction

...

3.2 Research Paradigm

...

Figure 3-1
Research Onion

11
3.2.1 Ontology

...

3.2.2 Epistemology

...

3.2.3 Axiology

...

3.2.4 Research Paradigm Justifications

...

3.3 Research Philosophy

...

3.4 Research Approach

...

12
3.5 Research Method

...

3.6 Research Design

...

3.7 Unit of Analysis

...

3.8 Time Horizon

...

3.9 Research Instrument and Measures

3.9.1 Instrument Development

3.9.1.1 Questionnaire Design

...

13
3.9.1.1.1 Content Validity

...

3.9.1.1.2 Reliability

...

3.9.1.2 Interview Protocol Design

...

3.9.1.2.1 Content Validity

...

3.9.1.2.2 Reliability

...

3.10 Sampling Design

3.10.1 Population

...

14
3.10.2 Sampling Frame

...

3.10.3 Sampling Technique

...

3.10.4 Sample Size

...

3.11 Data Collection Procedure

3.11.1 Quantitative Procedure

...

3.11.2 Qualitative Procedure

...

15
3.12 Data Analysis Procedure

3.12.1 Quantitative Procedure

...

3.12.2 Qualitative Procedure

...

3.13 Summary

...

16
 CHAPTER 4

CYCLE ONE ANALYSIS AND RESULTS

4.1 Introduction

...

4.2 Field Work

...

4.3 Findings

...

4.3.1 Quantitative Results

4.3.2 Qualitative Results

...

17
4.4 Discussion

...

4.5 Reflections

...

4.5.1 Content Reflection

...

4.5.2 Process Reflection

...

4.5.3 Premise Reflection

...

4.6 Summary

...

18
 CHAPTER 5

CYCLE TWO ANALYSIS AND RESULTS

5.1 Introduction

...

5.2 Field Work

...

5.3 Findings

...

5.3.1 Quantitative Results

5.3.2 Qualitative Results

...

19
5.4 Discussion

...

5.5 Reflections

...

5.5.1 Content Reflection

...

5.5.2 Process Reflection

...

5.5.3 Premise Reflection

...

5.6 Summary

...

20
 CHAPTER 6

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

6.1 Introduction

...

6.2 Action Research Overview

...

6.3 Discussion of Findings

...

6.3.1 Reearch Obejctive 1

...

6.3.2 Reearch Obejctive 2

...

21
6.3.3 Reearch Obejctive 3

...

6.4 Implications and Contributions of the Research

...

6.5 Limitations and Suggestions for Future Research

6.5.1 Limitations of the Study

...

6.5.2 Suggestions for Future Research

...

6.6 Conclusions

...

22
 REFERENCES

Abbasi, F. K., Ali, A., & Bibi, N. (2018). Analysis of skill gap for business
graduates: managerial perspective from banking industry. Education and
Training, 60(4), 354–367. https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-08-2017-0120.

23
 APPENDIX

Appendix A Similarity Index Report (Cycle 1)

24
Appendix B Similarity Index Report (Cycle 2)

25
Appendix C Impact Report

26
Appendix D Interview Consent Form (Cycle 1)

27
Appendix E Interview Consent Form (Cycle 2)

28
Appendix F Company Letter of Intent

29
Appendix G Compulsory Meeting Form (Cycle 1)

30
Appendix H Compulsory Meeting Form (Cycle 2)

31
Appendix I Presentation Consent Form

32
Appendix J Research Instruments (Cycle 1)

33
 Appendix K Research Instruments (Cycle 2)

34
 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS

Abbasi, F. K., Ali, A., & Bibi, N. (2018). Analysis of skill gap for business
graduates: managerial perspective from banking industry. Education and
Training, 60(4), 354–367. https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-08-2017-0120.

35