SPECIAL

HISTORY
Work
 1. Square Keep Castles
2. Winchester a Medieval Town
3. Medieval Trade And Industry
4. Farming
Contents 5. Religious Life
6. Health And Medicine
Square Keep Castles
The Normans built some Square Keep Castles when they first arrived in England .
They were built to guard the most important places. Making castles from stone
solved the problem of attack with fire. Square Keeps were not built on mottes.
They were so heavy that the motte would have collapsed.They were built on the
ground so it was easier to attack. The builders had to find a way to make them
safer.
The secret of the Square Keep Castle was its wall. The main way of attacking a
castle was to use battering rams, mines or even pickaxes to make a hole in the wall.
To stop this, the walls were as thick and strong. The doors and windows were holes
in the walls, and the main defense of square Keep Castles was that the strong 01
walls kept the enemy out.
Winchester, a Medieval Town
Winchester was mainly a medieval town in the Middle
Ages. This is proved by the medieval street names which
still remain today, documents and archeological digs.
In the area where a shopping center was built in 1968
and before there was a car park, there were remains of
houses underneath, such as the large house of John
Tytynge, which archeologists found excavating before
this center was built. Also, that area was important for 02
the fulling and dyeing industries
 Medieval Trade

And Industry
Trade is the act of buying and selling of goods. This action was
hardly happening in Europe during the Dark Ages. This was really different during
Middle Ages because trade and industry increased because the government's were stronger and the population had also
increased.
This situation made that the wool trade became very significant for England, So, English workers started to organize into
Guilds. Traders sold threir goods ar weekly markets. Some towns were granted a charter by the King which gave them
permission to hold an annual fair.
Merchants gathered at these fairs from all over Europe to sell their goods. The most famous fairs were held at Boston,
Winchester, Stourbridge and ST. Ives. 03
04
Farming
Farming
The most important thing in most peasants lives was
Fields Strips And Crops
There were usually three fields for growing crops. It was divided up into small
strips which belonged to different people. Richer peasants have several strips
the manor. This was the land owned by the local poorer peasants had only one or two, the Lord of the Manor had the most
landlord. The Lord of the manner had special rights. strips. The crops in the three fields were rotated every year. One was used for
Hello over the people who lived in this land, each wheat. The other one was used for barley and the last one was left fallow. This
manner had its own court, where rules were stopped the soil from being exhausted. This meant that everyone had to roll the
enforced. The steward organised the forming of same crops in each field. Seeds were sown broadcast. They left clods of earth
the Lord’s in kept records of what each other are which had to be broken with a harrow. The harrow didn’t deal with them all, so
mean of the Lords, and kept records of what each some had to be broken individually. At harvest time gangs of peasants were
peasant owed. The peasants who lived in a Manor needed each with their scynthe or sickle. If the weather spoiled the crop the
could not leave it without the Lord’s permission. village would face food shortages or even starvation during the winter.
 05 H e a l t h A n d M e d i c i n e
The causes of a disease Physicians and surgeons
Medieval downs were not clean places . Few houses had piped water. Most people relied on Physicians were scholars, whereas surgeons were less
well, standpipes in the street, water companies selling from carts or, worst of all, river skilled and often had other jobs, like barbers or
water. People do not wash or bath very often. Houses were not clean either few towns had a
butchers. Only the rich could afford physicians. Doctors
system for getting rid of household, rubbish, or sewage. It was thrown in rivers or just left
in the streets or in cesspits until it made a large pile. Then someone would have to be paid to
would use urine samples, star charts, etcetera. they had
take it away. various treatments depending on what they thought
Influenza, malaria, typhoid and smallpox where come on infections diseases.skin complaints caused the illness. Doctors thought, bad smells caused
like scabies, scrofula, and Impetigo were diso common. But there was only a vague idea of illness so they used herbs to make smell go away.
what caused these illness. some people blamed bad smells. Others said that all infections were Sometimes these treatments did harm sometimes did
caused by tiny worms. They weren't quite right and couldn't be proved. so some people came
nothing. Sometimes they worked.
up with the other ideas.
Some blamed deposition of the planets, or just bad luck. One theory was that the body are
the four humours or fluids. If this got out of balance, you became ill.
06
Religious Life
Religion played an important part in the lives of mediaeval people, because they thought if you
lived honest, you would go to heaven. This is why everyone attending to church on Sunday to
listen to the service given by the local priests, which often were very poor people who also
acted as social workers. They visited the old and seek and gave alms to the poor. Every parish
priest had to farm the glebe land and carry out repair to the church. Everyone had to pay a tithe
to the church, that was attacks of one 10th of a person produce or income. People who wanted
to dedicate their lives completely to God, became monks or nuns. They went to live in
monasteries, and nunnaries. There were several different types of religious orders. Education
was not provided by the government in the Middle Ages, and there were no scores for ordinary
people. It was left to the monks to teach to some of the local kids to read and write overtime.
Monasteries became rich because people left them large sums of money when they died.
 Bibliography

Understanding history 1. Child, Shuter, Taylor. Heinemann

Students

Melina Gauchat, Miranda Candolfi, Mercedes Timo.

Teacher
Lorena Laplaca