7 CU eT The Seattle Center Monorail in the state of Washington, US passes through the Museum of Pop Culture designed by Frank 0. Gehry.em MRR Cenc oD bebe answer the questions: do you see in the photo? UNIT 7 GOALS CSUR B. Discuss Transportation Choices COO) Dn OR) a Os it rdGOAL Compare Methods of Travel Vocabulary fe OO The History of Getting Around ; walking riding animal- early cikpowered —_self-criving and animals powered steam-powered vehicles and _vehiicles and running vehicles vehicles rockets flying cars 2 3. 4. 6 6. 1D in pairs, discuss which paragraph (af) describes each part of the graphic (1-6). cs 88 Unit7 A few hundred years ago, the first steam vehicles were built. Steam allowed people to travel farther and faster than ever before. Then oil was discovered as a useful fuel. This led to the development of cars and other motor vehicles, After all these developments, what will human transportation be like in the future? Will self-driving vehicles and flying cars become common? Will nets? Time will tell her p humans explore Mars Aiter the wheel was developed, carts and other kinds of simple vehicles could bbe built. These could be used for travel by several passengers at the same time In the early twentieth century, the first aircraft were built. Cars, buses, and trains became faster, too. This allowed people to live in one place and commute to a job in a different place. In the middle of the twentieth century, scientists developed rockets to launch satelites into Later, people learned to ride animals such as ho mels. Riding made it easier to reach a distant destination, but many journeys still took a long time. liest humans could only get around by walking or running, As a result t were a long distance away could not be reached easily Yes, it means to travel regularly from ) your home to work and back Zec a a eae ee eee ee GAIBED Complete each definition with one of the words in blue in A. Then, listen to check your answers. a a system for moving people from one place to another 2, —_____a material people burn or use to make energy 3. ‘a machine that can fly, such as an airplane or helicopter 4 go from home to work or school, and then back again 5. go to and travel around a place to lean more about it 6. Put something into space or the sky; start something new 2 people who take trips in or on vehicles 8. trips, especially long ones, from one place to another 9. the amount of space between two places or two things, 10. the place somebody is going or something is being sent (G Expand your vocabulary by learning the noun form of commute (two forms) and launch, the verb form of fuel, journey, and transportation, and the adjective form of distance. Grammar The Passive 3 Use modals in passive (or active) 41. Your passport must be shown. (passive) ‘You must show your passport. (active) sentences to indicate 2. The flight might be delayed. (passive) 4. necessity (must) 2. possibilty (might, may, or could) They might delay the flight. (active) 3. abilty (could [past ability] or can) | 3. Tickets ean be bought here. (passive) Notice the placement of the modal | You ean buy tickets here, (active) inthe passive constructions. © Read the grammar information. Then, in pairs, underline each example of a passive construction with a modal in A. Circle each example of a passive without a modal. com CHECK Compare Methods of Travel In groups, complete the steps. 1. Choose one of the methods of transportation shown in the graphic in A. Discuss its good points, its bad points, and how it compares with other methods of travel. 2. Prepare and practice a short talk that compares the method of travel you ‘chose with two other ways to travel. Include some passive constructions with modals in your talk. 8. Deliver your talk to the class. Make sure each member of your group speaks. Getting Around 89GOAL Discuss Transportation Choices discuss which benefits of self-driving cars you have ©) Read the information. In pairs, s are most important to you and why. heard before. Also say which two benefits sell-criving vehicles (SDV's) will soon be a common sight on our Many experts think yenefits over normal vehicles: roads. They feel ths is ikely because SDVs have many Bs air quality - SDVs drive more efficiently, so they create I open cities — SDVs can patk in small spaces, so parking ots could become real parks can spend travel time as they less pollution personal time ~ SDV passengers do not drive, so they lke fety — Machines make fewer errors than people, 50 more SDV will mean fewer accidents. travel cost - Private vehicles cost a lot; SDV: ofa vehicle. ‘5 may allow people to share the cost Listening AIRED Listen to the first part of an interview with an expert in self-driving vehicles, Circle T for true or F for false. In pairs, correct the false statements. 4. The company’s self-driving car crossed the country from Tea east to west only. 2. The human sitting in the self-driving car did not have to operate = TF it even once. ally Foe develops self-driving vehicles, but he is not espé interested in cars, Cons 3. The ma Artificial intelligence relers to computer ssted in self-driving cars after a talk by Ta man became inter one of his friends. ligence to let cars T ag usually undertaken by 5. The talk was about developing artific drive themselv humans. ‘Aman in an autonomous driving test vehicle— ee ee Listen to the rest of the interview. Which of the benefits of self-driving vehicles from A does the expert mention? D tn groups, discuss what each quotation from the interview means. Also, discuss how true you think each quotation is and why. 1. “[The development area of SDV] sounded like an exciting field 2. “Safety will come when we have more self-driving cars on the road.” 3. “[Self-driving vehicles will be common] in the next ten years 4, “These vehicles are great as people can work while they travel. PRONUNCIATION: Reduced Auxiliaries Are and Have in spoken English, auxiliary verbs like are and have are usually reduced. In the middle of a sentence, are often sounds like /er/ (uh), and have can sound like /ev/ (of). ‘She thinks buses are slow. > she thinks buses uh slow We should have taken the train. > we should of taken the train (GAMES Listen to these sentences from the interview. Underline the auxiliaries that are reduced. Then, practice saying the sentences naturally. 1. "You have a car that drives itself across the country, and you could have focused on that.” 2. “The thing is, cars driven by humans are more dangerous than self-driving cars are” 3. “I'm sure many other people have felt the same way about traffic jams. 4, “So, these vehicles are great because people can work while they travel.” Bin groups, make a list of different vehicles, such as cars, buses, and planes. Then discuss some benefits and problems of using each vehicle. Use reduced auxiliaries when itis natural to do so. Oi GOAL CHECK Discuss Transportation Choices Complete the steps. 1. Interview several classmates. Ask them which vehicles they have used recently and why they chose each one. 2. Interview several different classmates. Ask them which vehicles they plan to use in the future and why. 3. In groups, compare your interview results and discuss these questions: ® Which vehicles have people used most often recently? '* Which vehicles are people most likely to use in the future? ‘* What reasons for choosing a type of vehicle were most common? * Does the number of people who plan to use self-driving vehicles surprise you? Getting Around 91GOAL Ask How to Get Around Language Expansion: Public Transportation discuss the meaning of the words in the box. Use a dictionary if the text with them, One word is extra, faros transit routes terminals transtor travel The Bus Rapid (1) __ (BRT) system of Curitiba, Brazil, is famous for its convenience and design. The buses are big enough for up to 250 passengers, ‘and they travel all around the city. People wait for buses in Cool-looking, tube-shaped stations. And if they don't have (2) — they pay their (3)_______ in the station. This saves time because everyone can (4) = the bus quickly when it arrives. The system lets passengers (5) wii other lines without paying again. Where different (6) connect, there are comlortable (7) with small shops and restrooms. The system is fast and officiont. It is also relatively inexpensive, espect ly for passengers who buy weekly or yearly (8) As a result, the BRT is not only popular ‘among people who live in Curitiba, but also with those who visit the eiy © MY WORLD in groups, discuss tho questions. In general, do you enjoy using public transportation? Why? How does the BRT system compare with public transportation in a city you know well? Conversation WD ead tho grammar information on the following page. Then complete the Conversation by writing how, where, or whether in each space. Then listen to check your answors, aes bh pete Itdepends. The number 27 bus goes Smnetimes howe 1800, And (2) — nthe A one-way ticket cost fxouwe me, Gerry 10 Jong it takes. To get to the airport? It depends 20 minutos the next bus goes to the apart? 8 to the airport, but the 28 doesn't ‘Much is the fare? $3. A return ticket is aIry to keep bothering you, but I'd als » one dollar more. 80 like to know (8) 0 the trafic, but usually it's about That's great, Thanks for your help. No problam .. You must be @ visitor, (4) are you from? 1m from Curitiba in Brazil, Do you know it? Ve hoard of It... Oh, look, A bus is coming, C , 19. Can (6) 's tho 27 or the 207 oe 2 Unitya Grammar Indirect Questions © complete the tasks in pairs ns in the conversation in C, Rewrite direct questions n the convers ation. jing two more comments by each speaker n. Then practice the new conversation GOAL CHECK Ask How to Get Around how you would answer these questions: favorite restaurant? xing place you like to v it? student. If you know the person, ask direct questions; if not, use indirect questions. If yo place, ask direct or indirect questions to find out how to get there Getting Around ‘ozGOAL Discuss Alternatives to Travel : Reading eer 1 he Future Uu feel about virtual reality (VR) headsets. my eae Figsdne lat Ciriatie reason win tho author nace ravel TMs(D Watch the final part of the interview. Circle T ea CUR ee BU eet rc aoe A ULE SS Se See eu Rc a Nas Doe Tn Lue ee Se UES RUCa cd bi ‘human will land on Mars next year. eS a SR Ueno ee cS Fetal bedded Ly humans should go to Mars. ee ech C nce Tee ny a SO amu Cet uke) Se UU ea aes ee ua ee Ud become an engineer. Share some of the Pee Ru RR ce ee eon SOE eu Le ead eed ua emul ue Wes Beer teen Reena irs oe a ea ad Te tet aR a travel to Mars in the future. , 8 DE cue at mew ed Peete aed eee ae Coe re od ee ee) Pees eu ie ie ued Pee RLM ng ny the class.