Thermodynamics Part-02

Thermodynamics DPP-01

1. Which of the following is an open system ?

(1) Animals and plants
(2) A fridge
(3) A solar cooker
(4) None of these

2. The intensive property among these quantities is

(1) Enthalpy
(2) Mass/volume
(3) Mass
(4) Volume

3. In thermodynamics which one of the following is not an intensive property ?

(1) Pressure
(2) Density
(3) Volume
(4) Temperature

4. If in a container neither mass and nor heat exchange occurs then it constitutes an
(1) Closed system
(2) Open system
(3) Isolated system
(4) Imaginary system

5. Which of the following is not a state function ?

(1) ΔS
(2) ΔG
(3) ΔH
(4) q

6. Which of the following is not a state function ?

(1) Internal energy
(2) Enthalpy
(3) Work
(4) Entropy

7. Among the following intensive property is:

(1) Mass
(2) Volume
(3) Surface tension
(4) Enthalpy

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 Thermodynamics Part-02

Answer Key
Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Answer 1 2 3 3 4 3 3

SOLUTIONS DPP-01

1. Plants & animals can exchange energy as well as matter with the surroundings and therefore they belong to the
open system.

2. The ratio of two extensive property is always intensive

Mass E
= =I
Volume E
I = Intensive
E = Extensive

3. Volume is not an intensive property. If we divide the system in two equal halves then volume of system reduces
to V/2 for each part.

4. An isolated system neither exchange energy nor matter with surroundings.

5. q is not a state function.

6. Work is not a state function as during a process its value depends on the path followed. The value of enthalpy,
internal energy and entropy depends on the state and not on the path followed to get that state, hence these
are state functions.

7. Surface tension is an intensive property which do not depend upon the quantity of matter present in the system.
F E
Surface tension = = =I
L E
E = Extensive
I = Intensive

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 Thermodynamics Part-05

Thermodynamics DPP-02

1. One mole of gas occupying 3 litre volume is expanded against a constant external pressure of one atm
to a volume of 15 litre. The work in this process is :-
(1) –1.215 × 103 J
(2) +12.15 × 103 J
(3) +121.5 × 103 J
(4) +1.215 × 103 J

2. The work during the expansion of a gas from a volume of 4 dm 3 to 6 dm3 against a constant external
pressure of 3 atm is :-
(1) –608 J
(2) +304 J
(3) –304 J
(4) –6 J

3. The work during the expansion of a gas from a volume of 14 dm 3 to 16 dm3 against a constant external
pressure of 2 atm is :-
(1) –405.2 J
(2) +304 J
(3) –304 J
(4) –6 J

4. Which of the following is zero for an isochoric process

(1) dP
(2) dV
(3) dT
(4) dE

5. The process in which no heat enters or leaves the system, is termed as

(1) Isochoric
(2) Isobaric
(3) Isothermal
(4) Adiabatic

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 Thermodynamics Part-05

Answer Key
Question 1 2 3 4 5
Answer 1 1 1 2 4

SOLUTIONS DPP-02

1. w = –PextΔV
= –1 atm (15 – 3)L = –12 L-atm
= –12 × 101.3 J ∵ [1 L atm = 101.31 J]
= –1215.6 J
=–1.2156 × 103 J

2. w = –PextΔV ∵ [1 dm3 = 1L]

= –3(6 – 4)L atm
= –3 × 2 L atm
= –6 L atm ∵ [1 L atm = 101.3 J]
= –6 × 101.3 J
= –607.8 J ≃ –608 J

3. w = –PextΔV ∵ [1 dm3 = 1L]

= –2 × (16 – 14) L atm
= –2 × 2
= –4 L atm
= –4 × 101.3 J
= –405.2 J

4. dV = 0 for an isochoric process.

5. For adiabatic process q = 0.

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 Thermodynamics Part-07

Thermodynamics DPP-03

1. A system absorbs 300 Cal of heat with the result of that, the volume of the system becomes double of its
initial volume and temperature changes from 273K to 546K. The work done by the system on the
surroundings is 200.0 Cal Calculate E :-
(1) 273 Cal
(2) 500 Cal
(3) 100 Cal
(4) –500 Cal

2. One mole of an ideal gas at 300 K is expanded isothermally from an initial volume of 1 litre to 10 litre.
The E for the process is :- (R = 2 Cal K–1 mol–1)
(1) 163.7 Cal
(2) 1381.1 Cal
(3) 9 L-atm
(4) Zero

3. In an adiabatic process which of the following is true :-

(1) q = +w
(2) –E = –w
(3) PV = 0
(4) q = E

4. In an isochoric process, the increase in internal energy is :-

(1) Equal to the heat absorbed
(2) Equal to the heat evolved
(3) Equal to the work done
(4) Equal to zero

5. In a closed insulated container, a liquid is stirred with a paddle to increase its temperature. In this process,
which of the following is true
(1) ΔE = w = q = 0
(2) ΔE ≠ 0, q = w = 0
(3) ΔE = w ≠ 0, q = 0
(4) ΔE = q ≠ 0, w = 0

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 Thermodynamics Part-07

Answer Key
Question 1 2 3 4 5
Answer 3 4 2 1 3

SOLUTIONS DPP-03

1. According to first law of thermodynamics

ΔU = q + w
ΔU = 300 Cal + (–200 Cal)
ΔU = 100 Cal
Therefore change in internal energy of the system is 100 Cal

2. Internal energy of an ideal gas is dependent only on the temperature. For an isothermal process, the change in
temperature during process is zero. Hence ΔU = 0.

3. For adiabatic process

q=0
ΔU = q + w
ΔU = 0 + w
ΔU = w
or
–ΔE = –w

4. For an isochoric process ΔV = 0 ⇒ w = 0

⇒ ΔE = q + 0. Hence increase in internal energy will be equal to heat absorbed by the system.

5. As the system is closed and insulated no heat enter or leave the system, i.e. q = 0;  ΔE = q + w = w.

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 Thermodynamics Part-09

Thermodynamics DPP-04

1. When a solid melts, there is :-

(1) No increase in enthalpy
(2) Increase in enthalpy
(3) Decrease in enthalpy
(4) Anything can happen

2. For the reaction N2(g) + 3H2(g) → 2NH3(g) which of the following is valid ?
(1) H = E
(2) H < E
(3) H > E
(4) None of these

3. Heat exchanged in a chemical reaction at constant pressure is called :-

(1) Internal energy
(2) Enthalpy
(3) Enthropy
(4) Free energy

4. Latent heat of vaporisation of a liquid at 500 K and 1 atm pressure is 10.0 kCal mol –1. What will be the
change in internal energy of 3 mol of liquid at same temperature and pressure
(1) 13.0 kCal
(2) –13.0 kCal
(3) 27.0 kCal
(4) –27.0 kCal

5. What is the value of ng if we consider the combustion of 1 mol of liquid ethanol if reactants and products
are at 298 K :-
(1) –1
(2) –2
(3) +1
(4) +2

6. If a reaction involves only solids and liquids, which of the following is true
(1) H < E
(2) H = E
(3) H > E
(4) H = E + RTng

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 Thermodynamics Part-09

7. The value of H – E for the following reaction at 27°C will be, 2NH3 (g) → N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) :-
(1) 8.314 × 273 × (–2) J
(2) 8.314 × 300 × (–2) J
(3) 8.314 × 27 (+2) J
(4) 8.314 × 300 (+2) J

8. At constant temperature for the reaction C3H8 (g) + 5O2 (g) → 3CO2 (g) + 4H2O (ℓ), E – H is :-
(1) +RT
(2) –3RT
(3) +3RT
(4) –RT

9. Heat of reaction for CO(g) + ½O2(g) → CO2(g) at constant V is –67.71 kCal at 17°C. The heat of reaction
at constant P at 17°C is :-
(1) –68.0 kCal
(2) + 68.0 kCal
(3) – 67.42 kCal
(4) None

10. For which change H  E :-

(1) H2(g) + I2(g) ⇌ 2HI(g)
(2) HCl () + NaOH () → NaCl (s) + H2O ()

(3) C(s) + O2(g) → CO2(g)

(4) N2(g) + 3H2(g) → 2NH3(g)

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 Thermodynamics Part-09

Answer Key
Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Answer 2 2 2 3 1 2 4 3 1 4

SOLUTIONS DPP-04

1. It is an endothermic reaction and heat is absorbed. Thus enthalpy increases.

2. ΔH = ΔE + ΔngRT
Δng = 2 – 4 = –2
ΔH = ΔE – 2RT
ΔH < ΔE

3. Heat absorb or evolve at constant pressure is called enthalpy change of the reaction.

4. ΔH = ΔE + ΔngRT
3 × 10 × 103 Cal = ΔE + 3 × 2 × 500
30000 Cal = ΔE + 3000
ΔE = 27000 Cal = 27 K Cal

5. 1C2H5OH(ℓ) + 3O2(g) → 2CO2(g) + 3H2O(ℓ)

Δng = –1

6. For reaction involving only solids & liquids Δng = 0

ΔH = ΔE + ΔngRT
ΔH = ΔE + 0
ΔH = ΔE

7. ΔH = ΔE + ΔngRT
ΔH – ΔE = –ΔngRT [∴ Δng = 2]
= (2 × 8.314 × 300)

8. ΔH = ΔE + ΔngRT
ΔE – ΔH = –ΔngRT [∴ Δng = –3]
= –(–3) RT
= 3 RT

9. ΔE = –67.71 kCal
ΔH = ?
ΔH = ΔE + ΔngRT
 1
ΔH = –67.71 +  −  × 2 × 10–3 × 290
 2
= –67.71 – 0.290
= –68.00 kCal
10. We know ΔH = ΔE + ΔngRT
(i) Δng = 0 H2(g) + I2(g) ⇌ 2HI(g)
(ii) Δng = 0 HCl(ℓ) + NaOH(ℓ) ⇌ NaCl (s) + H2O(ℓ)
(iii) Δng = 0 C(s) + O2(g) → CO2(g)
(iv) Δng = –2 N2(g) + 3H2(g) → 2NH3(g) [∴ ΔH ≠ΔE]

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 Thermodynamics Part-12

Thermodynamics DPP-05

1. When 229 J of energy is supplied as heat at constant pressure to 3 mol Ar(g), the temperature of the
sample is increased by 2.55K. Calculate the molar heat capacity at constant volume :-
(1) 30 kJ K–1 mol–1
(2) 30 J K–1 mol–1
(3) 21.7 J K–1 mol–1
(4) 21.7 kJ K–1 mol–1

2. Calculate w for the isothermal reversible expansion of 1mol of an ideal gas from an initial pressure of 1.0
bar to a final pressure of 0.1 bar at a constant temperature of 273 K :-
(1) –5227.2 J
(2) +5227.2 J
(3) –2257 J
(4) +2257 J

3. For a reversible process at T = 300K, the volume is increased from Vi = 1L to Vf = 10L. Calculate H if the
process is isothermal -
(1) 11.47 kJ
(2) 4.98 kJ
(3) 0
(4) –11.47 kJ

4. A piston filled with 0.04 mol of an ideal gas expands reversibly from 50.0 mL to 375 mL at a constant
temperature of 37.0°C. As it does so, it absorbs 208 J of heat. The values of q and w for the process will
be :- (R = 8.314 J mol–1 K–1) (ln 7.5 = 2.01)
(1) q = + 208 J, w = – 208 J
(2) q = – 208 J, w = – 208 J
(3) q = – 208 J, w = + 208 J
(4) q = + 208 J, w = + 208 J

5. At 27°C, one mole of an ideal gas is compressed isothermally and reversibly from a pressure of 2 atm to
10 atm. The values of ΔE and q are (R = 2)
(1) 0, – 965.84 Cal
(2) – 965.84 Cal, + 965.84 Cal
(3) + 865.58 Cal, – 865.58 Cal
(4) – 865.58 Cal, – 865.58 Cal

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 Thermodynamics Part-12

6. One mole of an ideal gas is allowed to expand reversibly and adiabatically from a temperature of 27°C.
If the work done during the process is 3kJ, then final temperature of the gas is (CV = 20 J/K)
(1) 100 K
(2) 150 K
(3) 195 K
(4) 255 K

7. When one mole of monoatomic ideal gas at T K undergoes adiabatic change under a constant external
pressure of 1 atm changes volume from 1 litre to 2 litre. The final temperature in Kelvin would be
T
(1) (2/3)
2
2
(2) T +
3  0.0821
(3) T
2
(4) T −
3  0.0821

8. The molar heat capacity of water at constant pressure is 75 JK–1 mol–1. When 1.0 kJ of heat is supplied to
100 g of water which is free to expand the increase in temperature of water is
(1) 6.6 K
(2) 1.2 K
(3) 2.4 K
(4) 4.8 K

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 Thermodynamics Part-12

Answer Key
Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Answer 3 1 3 1 1 2 1 3

SOLUTIONS DPP-05

1. ΔH = nCPΔT
229 = nCPΔT
229
CP =
3  2.55
= 29.93 J/K/mol
CP – CV = R
CV = CP – R
= (29.93 – 8.314) J/K/mol
= 21.62 J/K/mol

Pi
2. w = –nRT ℓn
Pf
Pi = Initial pressure
Pf = Final pressure
Given
n = 1 mol
Pi = 1.0 bar
Pf = 0.1 bar
T = 273 K
R = 8.314 J
1.00
∴ w = –1 × 8.314 × 273 × ln
0.10
w = –2.303 ×8.314 × 273 × log 10
w = –5227.2 J

3. ΔH = nCPΔT
ΔT = 0
ΔH = 0

4. As heat is absorbed
∴ q = 208 J
Now, for reversible isothermal process.
We know, ΔU = q + w
T = constant
∴ ΔU = 0
q = –w
q = +208 J
w = –208 J

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 Thermodynamics Part-12

P2
5. W = 2.303nRTlog
P1
10
= 2.303  1  2  300log = 965.84
2
at constant temperature, ΔE = 0
ΔE = q + w; q = –w = –965.84 Cal

6. Given number of moles =1

Initial temperature = 27°C = 300 K
Work done by the system = 3kJ = 3000 J
It will be (–) because work is done by the system.
Heat capacity at constant volume (CV) = 20 J/K
We know that work done
w = nCV (T2 – T1)
⇒ –3000 = 1 × 20 (T2 – 300)
⇒ –3000 = 20T2 – 6000
3000
⇒ 20T2 = 3000; T2 = = 150 K
20

7. TV −1 = constant
⇒ T1 V1−1 = T2V2−1
−1
V 
⇒ T2 = T1  1 
 V2 
γ for monoatomic ideal gas is = 5/3
5
−1
 1 3
⇒ T2 = T  
2
T
⇒ T2 = (2/3)
2

75
8. Heat capacity of water per gram = = 4.17J = s
18
q = m × s × ΔT
⇒ 1000 = 100 × 4.17 × ΔT
1000
⇒ ΔT = = 2.4K .
100  4.17

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 Thermodynamics Part-15

Thermodynamics DPP-06

1. In any natural process occuring in the universe :-

(1) Entropy of universe is conserved
(2) Entropy of universe increases
(3) Entropy of universe decreases
(4) Entropy of universe remains unchanged

2. The most random state of H2O system is :-

(1) Ice
(2) H2O(ℓ) at 80°C ; 1 atm
(3) Steam
(4) H2O (ℓ) at 25°C ; 1 atm

3. Change in entropy is negative for :-

(1) Br2(ℓ) → Br2(g)
(2) C(s) + H2O(g) → CO(g) + H2(g)
(3) M2(g,10 atm) → M2(g, 1atm)
(4) Fe (at 400K) → Fe (at 300K)

4. 5 mole of an ideal gas expand reversibly from a volume of 8 dm 3 to 80 dm3 at a temperature of 27°C.
The change in entropy is :-
(1) 41.57 JK–1
(2) –95.73 JK–1
(3) 95.73 JK–1
(4) –41.57 JK–1

5. The latent heat of vapourisation of water at 100°C is 540 Cal g–1. Calculate the entropy increase when one
mole of water at 100°C is evaporated :-
(1) 26 Cal K–1 mol–1
(2) 1.45 Cal K–1 mol–1
(3) 367 Cal K–1 mol–1
(4) 1.82 Cal K–1 mol–1

6. Calculate enthalpy of vapourization per mole of ethanol. Given S = 109.8 J K–1 mol–1 and B.P. of ethanol
is 78.5°C :-
(1) Zero
(2) 38.594 kJ mol–1
(3) 3.85 kJ mol–1
(4) None of these

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 Thermodynamics Part-15

7. Calculate the entropy of Br2(g) in the reaction H2(g) + Br2(g) → 2HBr(g), S° =20.1JK–1 given, entropy
of H2 and HBr is 130.6 and 198.5 J mol–1 K–1 :-
(1) 246.3 JK–1
(2) 123.15 JK–1
(3) 24.63 JK–1
(4) 20 kJK–1

8. In a spontaneous irreversible process the total entropy of the system and surroundings
(1) Remains constant
(2) Increases
(3) Decreases
(4) Zero

9. Which has the least entropy :

(1) Graphite
(2) Diamond
(3) N2(g)
(4) N2O(g)

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 Thermodynamics Part-15

Answer Key
Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Answer 2 3 4 3 1 2 1 2 2

SOLUTIONS DPP-06

1. Energy of universe is conserved but entropy of universe always increases during any natural process.

2. Gases have the most random motion. Steam is in gaseous state. Therefore, the most random state of H2O system
is steam.

3. Change in entropy is negative because at lower temperature degree of randomness is low.

4. n = 5, V1 = 8 dm3, V2 = 80 dm3, T = 300 K

Thus, the change in entropy is:
V2
ΔS = nR ln
V1
80
= 5 × 8.314 × 2.303 × log
8
ΔS = 95.73 J/K

H
5. ΔS =
T
ΔH = 540 Cal/g
Mol wt. of water = 18 g
ΔH (per mole) = ΔH (Per gram) × Mol wt.
ΔH (per mole) = 540 × 18 = 9720 Cal/mol
Now, as we know that,
H
ΔS =
T
Given T = 100°C = (273 + 100) = 373 K
9720
∴ ΔS = = 26 Cal/(mol K)
373

H vapour
6. ΔSvapour =
Tb.p

Given, ΔSvapour = 109.8 JK–1mol–1

Tbp = 78.5 + 273 = 351.5 K
Substituting these values in above equation.
We get
Hvapour
109.8 =
351.5
ΔHvapour = 38594 J/mol = 38.594 kJ/mol

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 Thermodynamics Part-15

7. Entropy of HBr – entropy of H2 – entropy of Br2 = 20.1 J/K

2 × 198.5 – 130.6 – entropy of Br2 = 20.1 J/K
⇒ Entropy of Br2 = 246.3 J/K

8. Spontaneous processes are accompanied by increase in entropy.

9. Diamond has least entropy due to its crystalline structure.

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 Thermodynamics Part-18

Thermodynamics DPP-07

1. If G° > 0 for a reaction then :-

(1) Kp > 1
(2) Kp < 1
(3) Kp = 1
(4) None

2. For an endothermic reaction to be spontaneous :-

(1) G must be +ve
(2) S must be > 0
(3) TS must be –ve
(4) TS must be equal to G

3. The value of G for the process H2O(s) → H2O(ℓ) at 1 atm and 260 K is :-
(1) < 0
(2) = 0
(3) > 0
(4) Unpredictable

4. In a certain chemical reaction H = 150 kJ and S = 10 JK–1 at 300 K. The value of G would be :-
(1) –2850 J
(2) Zero
(3) +2850 J
(4) 147 kJ

5. The standard Gibb's energy change for a gaseous reaction at 27°C is X kCal. If equilibrium constant for a
reaction is 100 and R is 2 Cal K–1 mol–1. Then X is :-
(1) –2.7636
(2) +2.7636
(3) + 807
(4) – 807

6. The favourable conditions for a spontaneous reaction are :-

(1) TS > H, H = +ve, S = +ve
(2) TS > H, H = +ve, S = –ve
(3) TS = H, H = –ve, S = –ve
(4) TS = H, H = +ve, S = +ve

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 Thermodynamics Part-18

7. The temperature at which the reaction

Ag2O(s) ⎯→ 2Ag(s) + ½ O2(g)
is at equilibrium is ........;
Given H = 30.5 kJ mol–1
and S = 0.066 kJK–1 mol–1 :
(1) 462.12 K
(2) 362.12 K
(3) 262.12 K
(4) 562.12 K

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 Thermodynamics Part-18

Answer Key
Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Answer 2 2 3 4 1 1 1

SOLUTIONS DPP-07

1. ΔG° = –2.303 RT log KP

When ΔG° > 0, the reaction is non-spontaneous. Thus, the equilibrium mixture contains more reactants than
products. Hence the equilibrium constant is less than 1.
Hence KP < 1.

2. For spontaneous process ΔG must be –ve

This is possible when
ΔH = +ve (endothermic)
TΔS = +ve (ΔS = +ve)
∴ ΔG = ΔH – TΔS (TΔS > ΔH)
= –ve

3. At T < 273 K ice remains as ice and water converts into ice. So ice to water conversion is not a spontaneous
process.
ΔG > 0 for H2O(s) → H2O(ℓ) at 260 K

4. ΔG = ΔH – TΔS
= 150 × 103 – 300 × 10
= 150 × 103 – 3 × 103
= 147 × 103 J
= 147 kJ

5. ΔG° = –RT lnK

X = –2 × 300 × ln 100
X = –2.7636 kCal

6. TΔS > ΔH, ΔH = +ve, ΔS = +ve

Then ΔG = –ve
Reaction will be spontaneous in nature acc. to ΔG = ΔH – TΔS

7. ΔG = ΔH – TΔS
At equilibrium ΔG = 0
ΔH = TΔS
30.5 = T × 0.066
∴ T = 462.12 K

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 Thermodynamics Part-22

Thermodynamics DPP-08

1. An endothermic reaction is one in which :

(1) heat is converted into electricity
(2) heat is absorbed
(3) heat is evolved
(4) heat is converted into mechanical work

2. If heat of reaction A + 5B → 2C + 3D, is –50 kJ. What is the heat of the reaction 2A + 10B → 4C + 6D.
(1) – 50 kJ
(2) – 25 kJ
(3) – 100 kJ
(4) + 100 kJ

3. The process CH3COOH ⎯→ CH3COO– + H+, should be :

(1) exothermic
(2) endothermic
(3) neither exothermic nor endothermic
(4) exothermic or endothermic depending upon temperature

4. For the given reaction :

CO2(g) + H2(g) ⎯→ CO(g) + H2O(g) ;  H = 40 kJ
The  H is specifically called
(1) Heat of formation of CO
(2) Heat of combustion
(3) Heat of reaction
(4) Heat of hydrogenation of C = O bond

5. A hypothetical reaction, X ⎯→ 2Y proceeds by the following sequence of steps

(i) X ⎯→ Z ;  H = q1
(ii) Z ⎯→ 2W ;  H = q2
(iii) W ⎯→ Y ;  H = q3
The value of H of reaction is :
(1) q1 + q2 + q3
(2) 2q1 + 2q2 + 3q3
(3) q1 + q2 + 2q3
(4) 2(q1 + q2 + q3)

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 Thermodynamics Part-22

6. Thermochemical reactions
1
C(graphite) + O2 (g) → CO(g); ΔH = −110.5kJ ....(i)
2
1
CO(g) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g); ΔH = −283.2kJ ....(ii)
2
From the above reaction, the heat of reaction for C(graphite) + O2(g) → CO2(g) will be
(1) – 393.7 kJ
(2) + 393.7 kJ
(3) – 172.7 kJ
(4) + 172.7 kJ

7. Given C(s) + O2(g) ⎯→ CO2(g) + 94.2 kCal

H2(g) + ½ O2(g) ⎯→ H2O(ℓ) + 68.3 kCal
CH4(g) + 2O2(g) ⎯→ CO2(g) + 2H2O(ℓ) + 210.8 kCal
The heat of formation of methane in Kcal will be
(1) –45.9
(2) –47.8
(3) –20.0
(4) –47.3

8. The heat of reaction for

1
A+ O2 → AO is –50 kCal and
2
1
AO + O2 → AO2 is 100 kCal. The heat of reaction for A + O2 → AO2 is:-
2
(1) – 50 kCal
(2) + 50 kCal
(3) 100 kCal
(4) 150 kCal

9. The enthalpy of a reaction at 273 K is – 3.57 kJ. what will be the enthalpy of reaction at 373 K if
Cp = zero :–
(1) – 3.57 kJ
(2) Zero
373
(3) – 3.57  kJ
273
(4) – 375 kJ

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 Thermodynamics Part-22

Answer Key
Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Answer 2 3 2 3 3 1 3 2 1

SOLUTIONS DPP-08

1. An endothermic reaction is one in which heat is absorbed.

2. (A + 5B → 2C + 3D; ΔH = –50 kJ) × 2

2A + 10B → 4C + 6D; ΔH = 2 × (–50 kJ)
= –100 kJ

3. The reaction is dissociation of acid. Energy is required to ionize H + from an acid and so the reaction is
endothermic.
Hence, correct answer is 2.

4. ΔH is specifically called heat of reaction.

5. X→Z ΔH = q1 eq (i)
Z → 2W ΔH = q2 eq (ii)
W→Y ΔH = q3 eq (iii)
Required equation X → 2Y
= eq (i) + eq (ii) + 2 × eq (iii)
= q1 + q2 + 2q3

6. Adding eq. (i) + eq. (ii) gives the required result.

7. Heat of formation
C + 2H2 → CH4
To get above equation
eq (i) + 2 × eq (ii) – eq (iii)
= –94.2 – 2 × 68.3 – (–210.8)
= –230.8 + 210.8
= –20 kCal
Here –ve sign represents reaction is exothermic in nature.

8. A + O2 → AO2
To obtain above reaction
1
A+ O2 → AO ….(i)
2
1
AO + O2 → AO2 ….(ii)
2
Add : eq (i) + eq (ii)
= (–50 + 100) kCal
= 50 kCal

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 Thermodynamics Part-22

9. By Kirchhoff’s law,
H2 − H1
ΔCP =
T2 − T1
Given, ΔCP = 0
∴ ΔH2 – ΔH1 = 0
ΔH2 = ΔH1 = –3.57 kJ
Hence enthalpy of reaction at 373 K is –3.57 kJ

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 Thermodynamics Part-24

Thermodynamics DPP-09

1. Reaction H2(g) + I2(g) ⎯→ 2HI(g); H = –12.40 kCal. According to this, heat of formation of HI will be –
(1) 12.40 kCal
(2) – 12.40 kCal
(3) – 6.20 kCal
(4) 6.20 kCal

2. Which of the following equations respresents standard heat of formation of CH 4 ?

(1) C(diamond) + 2H2 (g) ⎯→ CH4 (g)
(2) C(graphite) + 2H2 (g) ⎯→ CH4 (g)
(3) C(diamond) + 4H (g) ⎯→ CH4 (g)
(4) C(graphite) + 4H(g) ⎯→ CH4 (g)

3. Standard enthalpy of formation is zero for

(1) Cdiamond
(2) Br(g)
(3) Cgraphite
(4) O3(g)

4. M is a metal that forms an oxide M2O

1 1
M2O → M + O2 ; H = 120 kCal.
2 4
When a sample of metal M reacts with one mole of oxygen what will be the H in that case
(1) 240 kCal.
(2) – 240 kCal.
(3) 480 kCal.
(4) – 480 kCal.
(5)

5. The ΔHof for CO2(g), CO(g) and H2O(g) are –393.5, –110.5 and –241.8 kJ mol–1respectively the standard
enthalpy change (in kJ) for the reaction CO2(g)+H2 (g)→ CO(g)+ H2O(g) is -
(1) 524.1
(2) 41.2
(3) –262.5
(4) –41.2

6. In the combustion of 0.4 g. of CH4, 0.25 kCal. of heat is liberated. The heat of combustion of CH 4 is
(1) – 20 kCal
(2) – 10 kCal
(3) – 2.5 kCal
(4) – 5 kCal

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 Thermodynamics Part-24

7. According to equation,
C6H6(ℓ) + 15/2 O2(g) ⎯→ 6CO2(g) + 3H2O(ℓ); H = – 3264.4 kJ mol–1 the energy evolved when 7.8 g
benzene is burnt in air will be -
(1) 163.22 kJ
(2) 32.64 kJ
(3) 3.264 kJ
(4) 326.4 kJ

8. The enthalpy of formation for C2H4(g), CO2(g) and H2O() at 25°C and 1 atm. pressure are 52, –394 and

–286 kJ mole–1 respectively. The enthalpy of combustion of C2H4 will be:-

(1) + 1412 kJ mole–1
(2) –1412 kJ mole–1
(3) + 142.2 kJ mole–1
(4) –141.2 kJ mole–1

9. The heat of combustion of a substance is :-

(1) Always positive
(2) Always negative
(3) Numerically equal to the heat of formation
(4) 1 and 3 both

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 Thermodynamics Part-24

Answer Key
Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Answer 3 2 3 4 2 2 4 2 2

SOLUTIONS DPP-09

1. H2(g) + I2(g) → 2HI(g) ΔH = –12.40 kCal eq. (1)

Required equation
1 1
H2(g) + I2(g) → HI(g) ΔH = ? eq. (2)
2 2
= Divide eq. (1) by 2 to get eq. (2)
12.40
=–
2
= –6.20 kCal

2. C(graphite) + 2H2(g) → CH4(g)

3. Cgraphite is reference state for carbon and hence standard enthalpy of formation is zero.

1 1
4. M2O ⎯→ M + O2 ; H = 120 kCal
2 4
1 1
So M + O2 ⎯→ M2O; H = –120 kCal
4 2
1
according to equation when mole O2 reacts with metal H = –120 kCal.
4
 when 1 mol O2 reacts H = – 120 × 4
H = – 480 kCal

5. CO2(g) + H2(g) → CO(g) + H2O(g)

ΔH = ∑(ΔHf)P – ∑(ΔHf)R
ΔH°f (CO2) = –393.5 kJ/mol
ΔH°f (CO) = –110.5 kJ/mol
ΔH°f (H2O) = –241.8 kJ/mol
ΔH = [(–110.5 – 241.8) – (–393.5)] kJ
ΔH = 41.2 kJ

6. In the combution of 0.4g CH4 produced heat is 0.25 kCal

0.25
∴ In the combustion of 16g (1 mole) CH4 produced heat is =  16 = 10 kCal mol–1
0.4
∴ –ve sign represents the exothermic reaction.

15
7. C6H6() + O2(g) ⎯→ 6CO2(g) + 3H2O() ; H = –3264.4 kJ
2
1 mole C6H6 = 78g C6H6 undergoes combustion then H = – 3264.4 kJ
 when 7.8g C6H6 undergoes combustion
3264.4
ΔH =  7.8 = 326.44 kJ
78

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 Thermodynamics Part-24

8. C2H4(g) + 3O2(g) ⎯→ 2CO2(g) + 2H2O() ; HComb.=?

H =  (Hf)P – (Hf)R
= [2 × (–286) + 2(–394)] – [52]
= –1412 kJ/mol

9. Heat of combustion of substance is always negative as it is the amount of heat evolved when 1 mole of a
substance is completely burnt in air or oxygen.

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 Thermodynamics Part-25

Thermodynamics DPP-10

1. Enathalpy of neutralisation of acetic acid with KOH will be numerically :

(1) = 57.2 kJ
(2) > 57.2 kJ
(3) < 57.2 kJ
(4) unpredictable

2. One mole of H2SO4 is completely neutralised with 2 mole of NaOH in dilute solutions. The amount of
heat evolved during the process is :
(1) 57.2 kJ
57.2kJ
(2)
2
(3) 13.7 kCal
(4) 114.4 kJ

3. The molar neutralization heat for KOH and HNO3 as compared to molar neutralization heat of NaOH and
HCl
(1) Less
(2) More
(3) Equal
(4) Depends on pressure

4. The heat of neutralization of HCl by NaOH is –55.9 kJ mol–1. If the heat of neutralization of HCN by NaOH
is – 12.1 kJ mol–1. The energy of dissociation of HCN is
(1) – 43.8 kJ
(2) 43.8 kJ
(3) 68 kJ
(4) – 68 kJ

5. The enthalpy of neutralization is about 57.3 kJ for the pair

(1) HCl and NH4OH
(2) NH4OH and HNO3
(3) HCl and NaOH
(4) CH3COOH and NaOH

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 Thermodynamics Part-25

Answer Key
Question 1 2 3 4 5
Answer 3 4 3 2 3

SOLUTIONS DPP-10

1. Enthalpy of neutralization of strong acid with strong base is equal to 57.2 kJ/mole. But here acetic acid is a weak
acid. Some energy is needed to for its complete ionsiation.

2. Heat evolved in the neutralization of 1 gm eq of strong acid = 57.2 kJ

Here in H2SO4
No. of gram equivalents = no. of moles × valency factor
=1×2
=2
∴ Heat evolved = 2 × 57.2 kJ
= 114.4 kJ

3. Heat of neutralisation between strong acid and a strong base is about –13.7 kCal

4. HCl + NaOH ⎯→ NaCl + H2O

OR
H + OH → H2O ; H = – 55.9 kJ mol–1
+ –
...(i)
HCN + NaOH → NaCN + H2O
OR
HCN + OH → CN + H2O ; H = –12.1 kJ mol–1 ...(ii)
– –

HCN → H+ + CN– ; H = ? …(iii)

eq(iii) = eq(ii) – eq(i)
H = –12.1 –(–55.9) = 43.8 kJ

5. Heat of neutralisation between strong acid and a strong base is about –57.3 kJ.

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 Thermodynamics Part-28

Thermodynamics DPP-11

1. The heat of combustion of C2H4, C2H6 and H2 are –1409.5 kJ, –1558.3 kJ and –285.6 kJ. The heat of
hydrogenation of ethene is -
(1) –136.8 kJ
(2) –13.68 kJ
(3) 273.6 kJ
(4) 1.368 kJ

2. Among the following for which reaction heat of reaction represents bond energy of HCl
(1) HCl(g) ⎯→ H+(g) + Cl–(g)
(2) HCl(g) ⎯→ ½ H2(g) + ½ Cl2(g)
(3) 2HCl(g) ⎯→ H2(g) + Cl2(g)
(4) HCl(g) ⎯→ H(g) + Cl(g)

3. Heat evolved in the reaction H2 + Cl2 ⎯→ 2HCl is 182 kJ. Bond energies of H–H and Cl–Cl are 430 and
242 kJ mol–1 respectively. The H–Cl bond energy is :
(1) 245 kJ mol–1
(2) 427 kJ mol–1
(3) 336 kJ mol–1
(4) 154 kJ mol–1

4. If H2(g) ⎯→ 2H(g) ; H = 104 kCal, than heat of atomisation of hydrogen is :

(1) 52 kCal
(2) 104 kCal
(3) 208 kCal
(4) None of these

5. 2CO(g) + O2(g) ⎯→ 2CO2(g) + X kJ

In the above equation X kJ refers to :
(1) Heat of formation of CO2
(2) Heat of vapourisation
(3) Heat of reaction
(4) Heat of sublimation
6. The magnitude of heat of solution ..... on addition of solvent to solution
(1) Decreases
(2) Increases
(3) Remains constant
(4) Increases or decreases

7. The heat of combustion of yellow phosphorous and red phosphorous are –9.91 kJ and –8.78 kJ
respectively. The heat of transition of yellow phosphorous to red phosphorous is
(1) –18.69 kJ
(2) +1.13 kJ
(3) +18.69 kJ
(4) –1.13 kJ

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 Thermodynamics Part-28

Answer Key
Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Answer 1 4 2 2 3 3 4

SOLUTIONS DPP-11

1. C2H4 + H2 ⎯→ C2H6 ; Hhydrogeneration = ?

H = (Hcomb)R – (Hcomb)P
= [(–1409.5 –285.6) – (–1558.3)]kJ

2. For given reaction

∴ HCl(g) → H(g) + Cl(g)
ΔHrxn = B.E. of HCl(g)

3. H2 + Cl2 ⎯→ 2HCl ; H = – 182 kJ

H = (B.E.)R – (B.E.)P
–182 = (430 + 242) – 2 × (B.E.)H–Cl
 (B.E.)H–Cl = 427 kJ mol–1

4. Enthalpy change on breaking 1 mole of bonds completely to obtain atoms in the gas phase is called heat of
atomisation.
∴ 104 kCal

5. Heat of reaction is the amount of heat that is released or absorbed during a chemical reaction.

6. The magnitude of heat of a solution is independent of amount of solvent.

7. Since the conversion reaction can be written as

P(yellow) → P(red)
ΔH = ΔHcomb(yellow) – ΔHcomb(red)
= [–9.91 – (–8.78)] kJ
ΔH = –1.13 kJ

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Thermodynamics Test (NEET Pattern)

Thermodynamics Test (NEET Pattern) HH:MM

Important Instructions

This test contains 45 questions. Each question carries 4 marks. For each correct response the
candidate will get 4 marks. For each incorrect response, one mark will be deducted from the total
scores. The maximum marks are 180.

1. When a gas is compressed adiabatically and reversibly, the final temperature is-
(1) Higher than the initial temperature
(2) Lower than the initial temperature
(3) The same as initial temperature
(4) Dependent upon the rate of compression

2. Out of boiling point (I), entropy (II), pH (III) and emf of a cell (IV), intensive properties are :
(1) I, III, IV
(2) I, II
(3) I, II, III
(4) All of these

3. The work done by a system is 8J when 40J heat is supplied to it. The change in internal energy of
the system during the process :
(1) 32 J
(2) 40 J
(3) 48 J
(4) –32 J

4. q = –w is not true for :-

(1) Isothermal process
(2) Adiabatic process
(3) Cyclic process
(4) 1 and 3 both

5. The difference between heats of reaction at constant pressure and constant volume for the
reaction 2C6H6(l) + 15O2(g) → 12CO2(g) + 6H2O(l) at 250C in kJ is
(1) + 7.43
(2) +3.72
(3) – 7.43
(4) – 3.72

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Thermodynamics Test (NEET Pattern)

6. A mixture of 2 moles of carbon monoxide and one mole of oxygen in a closed vessel is ignited to
get carbon dioxide. If H is the enthalpy change and ΔE is the change in internal energy, then :–
(1) ΔH > E
(2) ΔH < E
(3) ΔH = E
(4) Not definite

7. For a gaseous reaction,

A(g) + 3B(g) → 3C(g) + 3D(g)
E is 17 kCal at 27°C assuming R = 2 Cal K–1 mol–1, the value of H for the above reaction is:
(1) 15.8 kCal
(2) 18.2 kCal
(3) 20.0 kCal
(4) 16.4 kCal

8. Two moles of an ideal gas expand spontaneously into vacuum. The work is :–
(1) Zero
(2) 2 J
(3) 4 J
(4) 8 J

9. One mole of a gas occupying 3dm3 expands against a constant external pressure of 1 atm to a
volume of 13 litre. Find work :–
(1) – 10 atm dm3
(2) – 20 atm dm3
(3) – 39 atm dm3
(4) – 48 atm dm3

10. The work (in ergs) for a reversible expansion of one mole of an ideal gas from a volume of
10 litres to 20 litres at 25°C is :
(1) –2.303 × 8.314 × 107 × 298 log 2
(2) –2.303 × 0.0821 × 298 log2
(3) –2.303 × 0.0821 × 298 log 0.5
(4) –2.303 × 2 × 298 log 2

11. The enthalpy of vaporisation of water at 100°C is 40.63 kJ mol–1. The value E for this process
would be:-
(1) 37.53 kJ mol–1
(2) 39.08 kJ mol–1
(3) 42.19 kJ mol–1
(4) 43.73 kJ mol–1

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Thermodynamics Test (NEET Pattern)

12 A system has internal energy equal to E1, 450 J of heat is taken out of it and 600 J of work is done
on it. The final energy of the system will be -
(1) (E1 + 150)
(2) (E1 + 1050)
(3) (E1 – 150)
(4) None of these

13. In which of the following process work is independent of path :

(1) Isothermal
(2) Isochoric
(3) Adiabatic
(4) Isobaric

14. For which reaction from the following, S will be maximum ?

(1) Ca(s) + ½ O2(g) ⎯→ CaO(s)
(2) CaCO3(s) ⎯→ CaO(s) + CO2(g)
(3) C(s) + O2(g) ⎯→ CO2 (g)
(4) N2(g) + O2(g) ⎯→ 2NO(g)

15. In which reaction S is positive :-

(1) H2O (ℓ) → H2O (s)
(2) 3O2 (g) → 2O3 (g)
(3) H2O (ℓ) → H2O (g)
(4) N2(g) + 3H2(g) → 2NH3 (g)

16. When the egg is boiled, there is-

(1) Increase in disorder
(2) Decrease in disorder
(3) No change in disorder
(4) G is negative

17. If S° for H2, Cl2 and HCl are 0.13, 0.22 and 0.19 kJ K–1 mol–1 respectively. The total change in
standard entropy for the reaction H2 + Cl2 ⎯→ 2HCl is :
(1) 30 JK–1 mol–1
(2) 40 JK–1 mol–1
(3) 60 JK–1 mol–1
(4) 20 JK–1 mol–1

18 If 900 J/g of heat is exchanged at boiling point of water, then what is increase in entropy?
(1) 43.4 JK–1mole–1
(2) 87.2 JK–1mole–1
(3) 900 JK–1mole–1
(4) Zero

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Thermodynamics Test (NEET Pattern)

19. 5 mole of an ideal gas expand reversibly from a volume of 8 dm3 to 80dm3 at a temperature of
27°C. The change in entropy is :–
(1) 41.57 JK–1
(2) – 95.73 JK–1
(3) 95.73 JK–1
(4) – 41.57 JK–1

20. In which of the following case entropy decreases–

(1) Solid changing to liquid
(2) Expansion of a gas
(3) Crystals dissolve
(4) Polymerisation

21. Entropy of an adiabatic reversible process is:-

(1) Positive
(2) Zero
(3) Negative
(4) Constant

22. Which of the following quantity is not zero for element in standard state :–
(1) Enthalpy of formation
(2) Entropy
(3) Free energy of formation
(4) All of these

23. A gas is allowed to expand under reversible adiabatic conditions then :-

(1) G = 0
(2) T = 0
(3) S = 0
(4) None of these

24. Which of the following is true for the reaction H2O(ℓ) ⇌ H2O(g) at 100°C and 1 atmosphere
(1) ΔS = 0
(2) ΔH = 0
(3) ΔH =  E
(4) ΔH = TΔS

25. For the reaction A(s) ⎯→ B(s) + C(g) the value of H = 30.56 kJ mol–1 and S=66 JK–1 mol–1. The
temperature at which the free energy change for the reaction will be zero is :–
(1) 373 K
(2) 413 K
(3) 463 K
(4) 493 K

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Thermodynamics Test (NEET Pattern)

26. For hypothetical reversible reaction

1 3
A2(g) + B2 (g) ⎯→ AB3(g); H = –20 kJ if standard entropies of A2, B2 and AB3 are 60, 40
2 2
and 50 JK mole–1 respectively. The above reaction will be in equilibrium at :–
–1

(1) 400 K
(2) 500 K
(3) 250 K
(4) 200 K

27. For the precipitation of AgCl by Ag+ ions and HCl

(1) H = 0
(2) G = 0
(3) G = –ve
(4) H = G

28. If  G0 > 0 for a reaction then :

(1) KP > 1
(2) KP < 1
(3) The products predominate in the equilibrium mixture
(4) None

29. The process of evaporation of a liquid is accompanied by :

(1) Increase in enthalpy
(2) Decrease in free energy
(3) Increase in entropy
(4) All

30. For the process, CO2(s) ⎯→ CO2(g) :

(1) Both H and S are +ve
(2) H is negative and S is +ve
(3) H is +ve and S is –ve
(4) Both H and S are –ve

31. Which of the following reaction is never expected to be spontaneous :–

(1) 2O3(g) → 3O2(g) H = – ve, S = + ve
(2) Mg(s) + H2(g) → MgH2 H = – ve, S = – ve
(3) Br2(I) → Br2(g) H = + ve, S = + ve
(4) 2Ag(s) + 3N2(g) → 2AgN3 H = + ve, S = – ve

32. The Gibbs free energy change of a reaction at 27°C is –26 kCal and its entropy change is
– 60 Cals K. ΔH for the reaction is :–
(1) – 44 kCal
(2) – 18 kCal
(3) 34 kCal
(4) – 24 kCal

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Thermodynamics Test (NEET Pattern)

33. H for transition of carbon from diamond form to graphite form is – 453.5 Cal. This suggests that
(1) Graphite is chemically different from diamond
(2) Graphite is as stable as diamond
(3) Graphite is more stable than diamond
(4) Diamond is thermodynamically more stable than graphite

34. Which plot represents for an exothermic reaction:

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

35. Which of the following values of heat of formation indicates that the product is least stable
(1) – 94 kCal
(2) – 231.6 kCal
(3) + 21.4 kCal
(4) + 64.8 kCal

36. For the reactions,

(i) H2(g) + Cl2(g) ⎯→ 2HCl(g) + xkJ
(ii) H2(g) + Cl2(g) ⎯→ 2HCl(ℓ) + ykJ
Which one of the following statement is correct :
(1) x > y
(2) x < y
(3) x = y
(4) More data required

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Thermodynamics Test (NEET Pattern)

37. The enthalpy of formation of ammonia is –46.0 kJ mol–1. The enthalpy change for the reaction
2NH3(g) → N2(g) + 3H2(g) is :
(1) 46.0 kJ mol–1
(2) 92.0 kJ mol–1
(3) – 23.0 kJ mol–1
(4) – 92.0 kJ mol–1

38. Given enthalpy of formation of CO2(g) and CaO(s) are – 94.0 kJ and – 152 kJ respectively and the
enthalpy of the reaction :
CaCO3(s) ⎯→ CaO(s) + CO2(g) is 42 kJ. The enthalpy of formation of CaCO3(s) is
(1) – 42 kJ
(2) – 202 kJ
(3) +202 kJ
(4) – 288 kJ

39. The enthalpies of combustion of carbon and carbon monoxide are –393.5 kJ and –283 kJ,
respectively the enthalpy of formation of carbon monoxide is :
(1) –676.5 kJ
(2) –110.5 kJ
(3) 110.5 kJ
(4) 676.5 kJ

40. If C6H12O6(s) + 9O2(g) → 6CO2(g) + 6H2O(g) ; H= – 680 kCal The weight of CO2(g) produced
when 170 kCal of heat is evolved in the combustion of glucose is:-
(1) 265 g
(2) 66 g
(3) 11 g
(4) 64 g

41. The temperature of a 5 mL of strong acid increases by 5°C when 5 mL of a strong base is added
to it. If 10 mL of each are mixed temperature should increase by :
(1) 5° C
(2) 10°C
(3) 15°C
(4) Cannot be known

42. Heat of neutralisation of a strong dibasic acid in dilute solution by NaOH is nearly :
(1) – 27.4 kCal eq–1
(2) – 13.7 kCal eq–1
(3) 13.7 kCal eq–1
(4) – 13.7 kCal mol–1

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Thermodynamics Test (NEET Pattern)

43. The enthalpy of combustion of cyclohexane, cyclohexene and H2 are respectively –3920, –3800
and –241 kJ mol-1. The heat of hydrogenation of cyclohexene is:-
(1) –121 kJ mol–1
(2) 121 kJ mol–1
(3) –242 kJ mol–1
(4) 242 kJ mol–1

44. Bond dissociation enthalphies of H2(g) and N2(g) are 436.0 kJ mol–1 and 941.8 kJ mol–1
respectively and enthalpy of formation of NH3(g) is –46 kJ mol–1. What is enthalpy of atomization
of NH3(g) ?
(1) 390.3 kJ mol–1
(2) 1170.9 kJ mol–1
(3) 590 kJ mol–1
(4) 720 kJ mol–1

45. Given that -

2C(s) + 2O2(g) → 2CO2(g); H = –787 kJ
1
H2(g) + O2(g) → H2O(); H = –286 kJ
2
5
C2H2(g) + O2(g)→2CO2(g)+H2O (); H=–1310 kJ
2
Heat of formation of acetylene is :-
(1) + 1802 kJ
(2) – 1802 kJ
(3) – 800 kJ
(4) + 237 kJ

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Thermodynamics Test (NEET Pattern)

Answer Key
Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Answer 1 1 1 2 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 3
Question 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Answer 1 1 1 3 4 4 2 3 4 3 2 3 2 4 1
Question 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45
Answer 4 1 3 1 4 2 2 4 2 2 1 2 1 2 4

SOLUTIONS
CP
1. TV −1 = constant, γ = >1
CV
In compression V1 > V2
∴ T2 > T1

2. Boiling point, pH & emf of a cell are intensive properties.

3. dU = q + w
w = expansion
∴ dU = q – w
= 40J – 8J
= 32 J

4. q = 0 for adiabatic process.

5. ΔH = ΔU + ΔngRT
⇒ ΔngRT = ΔH – ΔU
⇒ Δng = 12 – 15 = –3
= –3 × 8.314 × 298.15 J
= –7.43 kJ

6. 2CO(g) + O2(g) → 2CO2(g)

Δng = 2 – 3 = –1
ΔH = ΔU + ΔngRT
ΔH = ΔU – RT
ΔU = ΔH + RT
ΔU > ΔH
OR
ΔE > ΔH

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Thermodynamics Test (NEET Pattern)

7. A(g) + 3B(g) → 3C(g) + 3D(g)

ΔE = 17 kCal, T = 27°C = 300 K, R = 2 Cal K–1 mol–1
ΔH = ΔE + ΔngRT
 2  2  300 
=  17 + kCal
 1000 
= 17 + 1.2
= 18.2 kCal

8. w = –PextΔV
Pext = 0
w=0

9. w = –Pext(ΔV)
= –1(13 – 3) (1dm3 = 1L)
= –1 × 10
= –10 atm dm3

V2
10. w = –2.303 nRT log
V1
20
= [–2.303 × 1 × 8.314 × 298 × log ]J
10
= –2.303 × 1 × 8.314 × 107 × 298 × log 2

11. ΔH = ΔE + ΔngRT
H2O(ℓ) → H2O(g)
Δng = 1 – 0 = 1
ΔE = (40.63 – 1 × 8.314 × 10–3 × 373)
= 37.53 kJ/mole

12 U2 – U1 = q + w
U2 – E1 = –450 + 600
U2 = 150 + E1

13. For adiabatic process ∴ q = 0

according to FLOT ∴ E = q + w
E = w
so work is independent of path

14. Δng = no. of gaseous products – no. of gaseous reactants.

Δng = maximum = ΔS = maximum.

15. If Δng = +ve

Then, ΔS = +ve
∴ Option 3 is correct

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Thermodynamics Test (NEET Pattern)

16. The basic reason behind this entropy increase is denaturation of protein.

17. Total change in entropy = Entropy of products – entropy of reactants

= 2 × (0.19) – (0.13 + 0.22)
= 0.38 – 0.35
= 0.03 kJ/mole/K
= 30 J/K mole

ΔH
18 ΔS =
T
H = 900 J/g
H = 900 × 18 J/mol and
boiling point of water = 373 K
900  18
 ΔS = = 43.4 J/K-mol
373

V 
19. S = 2.303 nR log  2 
 V1 
 80 
S = 2.303 × 5 × 8.314 log  
 8 

20. In polymerization, large no. of small units combine to form a big unit.

21. There is no transfer of heat in adiabatic reversible process

q
ΔS = rev = 0
T
S2 – S1 = 0
S2 = S1 = constant

22. Enthalpy of formation and free energy of formation are zero for an element at its standard state.
S° is not zero.

q rev
23. ΔS =
T
q = 0 for adiabatic process
∴ ΔS = 0
24. At equilibrium ΔG = 0
∴ ΔG = ΔH – TΔS
O = ΔH – TΔS
ΔH = TΔS

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Thermodynamics Test (NEET Pattern)

25. ΔG = ΔH – TΔS
O = ΔH – TΔS
H
T=
S
30.56  103
=
66
= 463 K

26. ΔG = ΔH – TΔS
1 3
A2(g) + B2(g) → AB3(g)
2 2
G = ΔH – TΔS = 0
ΔH = TΔS
H −20  103
T= =
S 1 3 
50 −   60 +  40 
2 2 
−20  103
=
50 − (30 + 60)
−20  103
=
−40
= 500 K

27. Ag+ + HCl(aq) ⎯→ AgCl(s) It is a spontaneous process so, G = –ve.

28. ΔG° = –2.303 RT log10 KP

When ΔG° > 0, reaction is non spontaneous in nature. Equilibrium mixture contains more
reactants then products.
∴ KP < 1

29. Evaporation of liquid is endothermic process and we know entropy of gas is more than liquid.
Also overall process is feasible in nature
So, ΔH = +ve
ΔS = +ve
ΔG = –ve.

30. Entropy of gas is more than solid and the process is endothermic is nature.
∴ ΔH & ΔS both are +ve.

31. ΔG = ΔH – TΔS
If ΔH = +ve, ΔS = –ve
ΔG = +ve means non-spontaneous in nature.

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Thermodynamics Test (NEET Pattern)

32. ΔG = ΔH – TΔS
–26 = ΔH – 300 × –60 × 10–3
–26 = ΔH + 18
ΔH = –26 – 18
ΔH = –44 kCal

33. CDiamond → Cgraphite, ΔH = –453.5 Cal

Suggest that energy of Cgraphite is less & thus thermodynamically more stable.

34. In exothermic reaction energy is released. Hence enthalpy decreases as the progress of reaction
occurs.

35. Heat of reaction = +ve (endothermic)

More positive value of ΔH means product has comparatively higher energy and hence less
stability.

36. In 2nd reaction the product HCl formed is in liquid state while in 1st reaction it is in gaseous state,
so their will be some energy used to convert HCl liquid into HCl gas due to which the heat evolved
in the reaction is less.

1 3
37. N2(g) + H2(g) → NH3(g) ΔHf = –46.0 kJ/mole
2 2
Now,
1 3
NH3(g) → N2(g) + H2(g) ΔH = 46.0 kJ/mole
2 2
Multiply above eq by 2
2NH3(g) → N2(g) + 3H2(g) ΔH = 2 × 46.0 kJ/mole
ΔH = 2 × 46
= 92 kJ mole–1

38. CaCO3(s) ⎯→ CaO(s) + CO2(g) ; H = 42kJ

ΔH = (ΔHf)P – (ΔHf)R
42 = [(–152) + (–94)] – Hf(CaCO3)
∴ ΔHf(CaCO3) = –246 – 42 = –288 kJ
39. C(s) + O2(g) → CO2(g) ΔH = –393.5 kJ ….(1)
1
CO(s) + O2(g) → CO2(g) ΔH = –283 kJ ….(2)
2
Equation (1) – equation (2)
1
C(s) + O2 ⎯→ CO(g)
2
Hf = [–393.5 – (–283)] kJ/mol
ΔHf = –110.5 kJ

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Thermodynamics Test (NEET Pattern)

40. C6H12O6(s) + 9O2(g) → 5CO2(g) + 6H2O(g) ;

H = –680 kCal.
680 kCal heat is released when 6 mole CO2 is produced so,
 6 
170 kCal heat is released when   170  mole CO2 is produced.
 680 
 Mass of CO2 produced
6
= × 170 × 44 g = 66 g CO2
680

41. Temperature is an intensive property and intensive properties are non-additive in nature.

42. Heat of neutralisation of strong acid and strong base is constant, i.e., –13.7 kCal eq–1

43. = ΔHcomb (cyclohexene) + ΔHcomb (H2) – ΔHcomb (cyclohexane)

= –3800 + (–241) – (–3920)
= –4041 + 3920
= –121 kJ mol–1

44. H2(g) → 2H(g) ; H = 436 kJ mol–1 ….(i)

N2(g) → 2N(g) ; H = 941.8 kJ mol–1 ….(ii)
1 3
N2(g) + H2(g) → NH3(g) ; H = – 46 kJ mol–1 ….(iii)
2 2
NH3(g) → N(g) + 3H(g) ; Hatom = ? ….(iv)
3 1
eq (iv) = × eq (i) + × eq (ii) – eq (iii)
2 2
3 1
Hatom = × (436) + × (941.8) – (–46)
2 2
Hatom = 1170.9 kJ mol–1

45. 2C(s) + 2O2(g) → 2CO2(g); H1 = –787 kJ …(i)

1
H2(g) + O2(g) → H2O(); H2 = –286 kJ …(ii)
2
5
C2H2(g) + O2(g)→2CO2(g)+H2O (); H3 =–1310 kJ …(iii)
2
Required equation:
2C(s) + H2(g) → C2H2(g) ….(iv)
⇒ eq (iv) = eq(i) + eq(ii) – eq(iii)
Heat of formation = ΔH1 + ΔH2 – ΔH3
= [–787 – 286 – (–1310)] kJ
= +237 kJ

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Thermodynamics PYQs

Thermodynamics NEET PYQs

1. From the following bond energies :-

H – H bond energy : 431.37 kJ mol–1
C = C bond energy : 606.10 kJ mol–1
C – C bond energy : 336.49 kJ mol–1
C – H bond energy : 410.50 kJ mol–1
Enthalpy for the reaction,

will be :-
(1) 553.0 kJ mol–1
(2) 1523.6 kJ mol–1
(3) –243.6 kJ mol–1
(4) –120.0 kJ mol–1
[AIPMT 2009 (+4/–1)]

2. The values of H and S for the reaction, C(graphite) + CO2(g) → 2CO(g) are 170 kJ and 170JK –1,
respectively. This reaction will be spontaneous at :-
(1) 510 K
(2) 710 K
(3) 910 K
(4) 1110 K
[AIPMT 2009 (+4/–1)]

3. For vaporization of water at 1 atmospheric pressure, the values of H and S are 40.63 kJ mol–1
and 108.8 JK –1 mol–1 , respectively. The temperature when Gibbs energy change (G) for this
transformation will be zero, is :-
(1) 393.4 K
(2) 373.4 K
(3) 293.4 K
(4) 273.4 K
[AIPMT 2010 (+4/–1)]

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Thermodynamics PYQs

4. Three moles of an ideal gas expanded spontaneously into vacuum. The work done will be :-
(1) 3 Joule
(2) 9 Joule
(3) Zero
(4) Infinite
[AIPMT 2010 (+4/–1)]

5. The following two reactions are known :

Fe2 O3 (s) + 3CO(g) → 2Fe(s) + 3CO2 (g) ;
H = –26.8 kJ
FeO(s) + CO(g) → Fe(s) + CO2 (g) ;
H = –16.5 kJ
Correct target equation is
Fe2 O3 (s) + CO(g) → 2FeO(s) + CO2 (g), H = ?
(1) –43.3 kJ
(2) –10.3 kJ
(3) + 6.2 kJ
(4) + 10.3 kJ
[AIPMT 2010 (+4/–1)]

6. Standard entropies of X2 , Y2 and XY3 are 60, 40 and 50 JK –1 mol–1 respectively. For the reaction
X2 + Y2 ⇌ XY3 , H = –30 kJ to be at equilibrium, the temperature should be :-
(1) 500 K
(2) 750 K
(3) 1000 K
(4) 1250 K
[AIPMT 2010 (+4/–1)]

7. If the enthalpy change for the transition of liquid water to steam is 30 kJ mol–1 at 27°C, the
entropy changes for the process would be:
(1) 10 J mol– K –1
(2) 1.0 J mol– K –1
(3) 0.1 J mol– K –1
(4) 100 J mol– K –1
[AIPMT Pre. 2011 (+4/–1)]

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Thermodynamics PYQs

8. Enthalpy change for the reaction,

4H(g) → 2H2(g) is –869.6 kJ
The dissociation energy of H–H bond is :
(1) –434.8 kJ
(2) 869.6 kJ
(3) +434.8 kJ
(4) +217.4 kJ
[AIPMT Pre. 2011 (+4/–1)]

9. Which of the following is correct option for free expansion of an ideal gas under adiabatic
condition ?
(1) q = 0, T  0, w = 0
(2) q  0, T = 0, w = 0
(3) q = 0, T = 0, w = 0
(4) q = 0, T < 0, w  0
[AIPMT Pre. 2011 (+4/–1)]

10. Consider the following processes :-

H(kJ mol–1)
1
A→B +150 ….(i)
2
3B → 2C + D –125 ….(ii)
E + A → 2D +350 ….(iii)
For B + D → E + 2C, H will be :
(1) 325 kJ mol–1
(2) 525 kJ mol–1
(3) –175 kJ mol–1
(4) –325 kJ mol–1
[AIPMT Pre. 2011 (+4/–1)]

11. In which of the following reactions, standard reaction entropy change (S°) is positive and
standard Gibb's energy change (G°) decreases sharply with increasing temperature?
1
(1) Mg(s) + 2 O2 (g) → MgO(s)
1 1 1
(2) 2 C (graphite) + 2 O2 (g) → 2 CO2 (g)
1
(3) C (graphite) + 2 O2 (g) → CO (g)
1
(4) CO(g) + 2 O2 (g) → CO2(g)
[AIPMT Pre. 2012 (+4/–1)]

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Thermodynamics PYQs

12. Standard enthalpy of vapourisation vap H for water at 100°C is 40.66 kJmol–1 . The internal
energy of vaporisation of water at 100°C (in kJmol–1) is
(1) +43.76
(2) +40.66
(3) +37.56
(4) –43.76
[AIPMT Pre. 2012 (+4/–1)]

13. The enthalpy of fusion of water is 1.435 kCal mol–1 . The molar entropy change for the melting of
ice at 0°C is:
(1) 5.260 Cal mol–1 K –1
(2) 0.526 Cal mol–1 K –1
(3) 10.52 Cal mol–1 K –1
(4) 21.04 Cal mol–1 K –1
[AIPMT Pre. 2012 (+4/–1)]

14. For the reaction : X2 O4 (ℓ) ⎯→ 2XO2 (g)

U = 2.1 kCal, S = 20 Cal K –1 at 300 K
Hence G is :-
(1) 2.7 kCal
(2) – 2.7 kCal
(3) 9.3 kCal
(4) – 9.3 kCal
[AIPMT 2014 (+4/–1)]

15. Which of the following statements is correct for a reversible process in a state of equilibrium ?
(1) G = 2.30 RT log K
(2) G° = –2.30 RT log K
(3) G° = 2.30 RT log K
(4) G = –2.30 RT log K
[AIPMT 2015 (+4/–1)]

16. The heat of combustion of carbon to CO2 is –393.5 kJ mol–1 . The heat exchange in the formation
of 35.2 g of CO2 from carbon and oxygen gas is:
(1) –630 kJ
(2) –3.15 kJ
(3) –315 kJ
(4) +315 kJ
[Re-AIPMT 2015 (+4/–1)]

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Thermodynamics PYQs

17. The correct thermodynamic conditions for the spontaneous reaction at all temperatures is
(1) H > 0 and S > 0
(2) H > 0 and S < 0
(3) H < 0 and S > 0
(4) H < 0 and S < 0
[NEET-I 2016 (+4/–1)]

18. For a sample of perfect gas when its pressure is changed isothermally from pi to pf , the entropy
change is given by
p
(1) S = nRT ln( f )
pi
pi
(2) S = RT ln (p )
f
pf
(3) S = nR ln (p )
i
pi
(4) S = nR ln (p )
f

[NEET-II 2016 (+4/–1)]

19. For a given reaction, H = 35.5 kJ mol–1 and S = 83.6 JK –1 mol–1. The reaction is spontaneous
at : (Assume that H and S do not vary with tempearature)
(1) T > 425 K
(2) All temperatures
(3) T > 298 K
(4) T < 425 K
[NEET (UG) 2017 (+4/–1)]

20. A gas is allowed to expand in a well insulated container against a constant external pressure of
2.5 atm from an initial volume of 2.50 L to a final volume of 4.50 L. The change in internal energy
U of the gas in joules will be:-
(1) –500 J
(2) –505 J
(3) +505 J
(4) 1136.25 J
[NEET (UG) 2017 (+4/–1)]

21. The bond dissociation energies of X2 , Y2 and XY are in the ratio of 1 : 0.5 : 1. H for the formation
of XY is –200 kJ mol–1 . The bond dissociation energy of X2 will be
(1) 200 kJ mol–1
(2) 100 kJ mol–1
(3) 800 kJ mol–1
(4) 400 kJ mol–1
[NEET (UG) 2018 (+4/–1)]

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Thermodynamics PYQs

22. Under isothermal condition, a gas at 300 K expands from 0.1L to 0.25L against a constant
external pressure of 2 bar. The work done by the gas is :-
[Given that 1L bar = 100 J]
(1) –30 J
(2) 5kJ
(3) 25 J
(4) 30 J
[NEET (UG) 2019 (+4/–1)]

23. An ideal gas expands isothermally from 10–3 m3 to 10–2 m3 at 300 K against a constant pressure
of 105 Nm–2. The work, in the process is :-
(1) +270 kJ
(2) –900 J
(3) +900 kJ
(4) –900 kJ
[NEET (UG) 2019 (Odisha) (+4/–1)]

24. Reversible expansion of an ideal gas under isothermal and adiabatic conditions are as shown in
the figure.

AB → Isothermal expansion
AC → Adiabatic expansion
Which of the following options is not correct ?
(1) Sisothermal > Sadiabatic
(2) TA = TB
(3) Wisothermal > Wadiabatic
(4) TC > TA
[NEET (UG) 2019 (Odisha) (+4/–1)]

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Thermodynamics PYQs

Answer Key
Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Answer 4 4 2 3 3 2 4 3 3 3 3 3 1 2 2
Question 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Answer 3 3 4 1 2 3 4 2 4

SOLUTIONS

1. Bond energy of Reactant = 1 × C = C → 606.1 kJ mol–1

4 × C – H → 410.5 × 4
1 × H – H → 431.37
= 2679.47 kJ mol–1

Bond energy of product → 6 × C – H → 410.5 × 6

1× C – C → 336.49
= 2799.49 kJ mol–1

Enthalpy of reaction = (BE)R – (BE)P

= 2679.47 – 2799.49
= –120.02 kJ mol–1

2. For a spontaneous reaction, ΔG = –ve

and at equilibrium ΔG = 0 i.e. ΔH = TΔS
H 170  103
T= = = 1000 K
S 170
Therefore, at this temperature, reaction is at equilibrium i.e. ΔG = 0 and above this temperature
ΔG will be negative and reaction will be spontaneous.

3. Acc to Gibb’s equation, ΔG = ΔH – TΔS

When ΔG = 0, ΔH = TΔS
Given, ΔH = 40.63 kJ mol–1 = 40.63 × 103 J mol–1
ΔS = 108.8 J K–1 mol–1
H 40.63  103
∴T= = = 373.43 K
S 108.8

4. w = –PextdV
Since vacuum Hence Pext = 0
⇒w=0

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Thermodynamics PYQs

5. Fe2 O3 (s) + 3CO(g) → 2Fe(s) + 3CO2 (g) ….(i)

FeO(s) + CO(g) → Fe(s) + CO2 (g) ….(ii)
Multiply eq (ii) by 2 and then substract if form (i)
We get target equation
⇒ ΔH = –26.8 – 2 × (–16.5)
= 6.2 kJ

6. ΔH = –30 × 103 J
1 3
X2 + Y2 ⇌ XY3
2 2
3 1
ΔS = SXY3 – S Y2 – S X2
2 2
3 1
= 50 – × 40 – × 60
2 2
= 50 – 60 – 30
= –40 J/K
At equilibrium ΔG = 0
ΔH – TΔS = 0
H −30  103
T= = = 750 K
S −40

7. The transition under consideration is

H2O(ℓ) → H2O(g)
We know that
Hvap
ΔSvapour =
T
Given, ΔHvapour = 30 kJ mol–1
T = 27 + 273 = 300 K
Thus,
30  1000
ΔSvapour =
300
= 100 J mol–1 K–1

8. 4H(g) → 2H2(g); ΔH = –869.6 kJ

2H2(g) → 4H(g); ΔH = 869.6 kJ
869.6
H2(g) → 2H(g); ΔH = = 434.8 kJ
2

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Thermodynamics PYQs

9. Pext = 0
∴w=0
q = 0 (adiabatic process)
ΔE = q + w
ΔE = 0
ΔE = nCVΔT = 0
q = 0, ΔT = 0, w = 0

10. To obtain required equation:

2(i) – (iii) + (ii)
ΔH = 2(150) – 350 –125
= –175 kJ/mole

11. The change in no. of gaseous moles Δng must be highest which indicates that more gaseous
products are formed which increases randomness and thus entropy increases.
1 −1
(1) Δng = 0 – =
2 2
1 1
(2) Δng = – =0
2 2
1 1
(3) Δng = 1 – =
2 2
3 −1
(4) Δng = 1 – =
2 2

12. ΔHvap = ΔE + ΔngRT

Δng = n2 – n1
H2O(ℓ) → H2O(g)
∴ Δng = 1 – 0 = 1
T = 100°C = (100 + 273) = 373 K
∴ ΔHvap = ΔE + ΔngRT
ΔE = ΔHvap – ΔngRT
= 40.66 – 1 × 8.314 × 10–3 × 373
= 37.56 kJ/mole

H
13. ΔS =
T
∴ molar entropy change for the melting of ice
1.435
= = 5.26 × 10–3 × 103 Cal/mole/K
0 + 273
= 5.260 Cal mol–1 K–1

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Thermodynamics PYQs

14. ΔH = ΔU + ΔngRT
ΔH = (2.1 × 103) + 2 × 2 × 300
= 3300 Cal
Hence,
ΔG = ΔH – TΔS
ΔG = 3300 – (300 × 20)
ΔG = –2700 Cal
ΔG = –2.7 k Cal

15. ΔG = ΔG° + 2.303 RT log K

For reversible process in state of equilibrium
ΔG = 0
Hence, 0 = ΔG° + 2.303 RT log K
ΔG° = –2.303 RT log K
16. Heat of combustion of carbon for 1 mole of CO2 = –393.5 kJ = Heat of formation of CO2
35.2
No. of moles in 35.2 g CO2 = = 0.8 mole
44
Thus heat of formation of 0.8 mole of CO2 is –393.5 × 0.8 = –315 kJ

17. The correct thermodynamic conditions for the spontaneous reaction at all temperature is
ΔH < 0 and ΔS > 0
Under these conditions, ΔG = ΔH – TΔS < 0
Note: For spontaneous process, ΔG < 0, for non-spontaneous reactions, ΔG > 0, for reactions at
equilibrium, ΔG = 0

q rev
18. ΔS = …(i)
T
Process is isothermally reversible in nature
∴ ΔE = q + w
ΔE = 0
q = –w
 V 
q = –  −nRT ln f 
 Vi 
Pi Vi = Pf Vf 
P  V P 
q = nRT ln i ….(ii)
Pf  f = i 
 Vi Pf 
put (ii) in (i)
Pi
P
ΔS = nRT ln f
T
P 
ΔS = nR ln  i 
 Pf 

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Thermodynamics PYQs

19. For spontaneous reaction ΔG < 0

For non-spontaneous ΔG > 0
At equilibrium ΔG = 0
Now if ΔG = 0
ΔH = TΔS
H 35.5  103
T= = = 425 K
S 83.6
If reaction is spontaneous then
ΔG < 0
This is possible when T > 425 K
According to equation ΔG = ΔH – TΔS

20. ΔU = q + w
q = 0 (insulated container)
ΔU = w = – PΔV
ΔU = w =–2.5 atm (4.5 L – 2.5 L)
ΔU = w = –5.0 L atm
= –5.0 × 101.33 J
≃ –505 J

1 1
21. X 2 + Y2 = XY
2 2
ΔHreaction = ∑B.D.E(reactants) – ∑B.D.E(products)
1 1
= B.D.E(X2 ) + B.D.E(Y2 ) – B.D.E(XY)
2 2
1 1
⇒ –200 = (a) + (0.5 a) – a
2 2
1
⇒ –200 = a ⇒ a = 800
4
⇒ B.D.E of X2 = 800 kJ mol–1
The bond dissociation energy of X2 will be 800 KJ mol–1.

22. w = –PextΔV
= –2bar × (0.25 – 0.1) L
= –2 × 0.15 L bar
= –0.30 L bar
= 0.30 × 100 J
= –30 J
Hence work done by the system is 30 J.

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Thermodynamics PYQs

23. w = –PΔV
= –P × (V2 – V1)
= –(105) × (10–2 – 10–3)
= –105 × [10–2 (1 – 10–1)]
w = –900 J

PB VB PV
24. From ideal gas equation TB = & TC = C C
nR nR
Now from the graph PB > PC
∴ TB > TC
So, relation between temperatures is
TA = TB > TC
In reversible adiabatic expansion temperature decreases.
q
ΔS = rev = q = 0 (adiabatic process)
T rev

In isothermic process, temperature remains constant

Area under AB curve is more then AC curve.
∴ wisothermal > wadiabatic

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