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WSGI Werkzeug and The Challenges of Building A Python Web Framework

This document discusses building web frameworks using WSGI and Werkzeug. It begins by describing some challenges in modern web applications like more JavaScript usage and smaller backend code. It then demonstrates building a simple "Hello World" application using WSGI and running it with Gunicorn. It shows improving the application to handle query strings and different URLs. Finally, it discusses using Werkzeug to add features like routing, user agent detection, debugging support, and deployment configuration.

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Igor Guerrero Fonseca
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388 views

WSGI Werkzeug and The Challenges of Building A Python Web Framework

This document discusses building web frameworks using WSGI and Werkzeug. It begins by describing some challenges in modern web applications like more JavaScript usage and smaller backend code. It then demonstrates building a simple "Hello World" application using WSGI and running it with Gunicorn. It shows improving the application to handle query strings and different URLs. Finally, it discusses using Werkzeug to add features like routing, user agent detection, debugging support, and deployment configuration.

Uploaded by

Igor Guerrero Fonseca
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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WSGI, Werkzeug And the challenges of building a web framework

@igorgue

The Problems
A paradigm shift in web applications More JavaScript! (about 40% of our
code base)

Applications are getting small Backend is no longer so tied to the front


end (no more crazy render of templates in the backend)

I want to write a Framework


Make it just talk REST No ORM No templates Just a routing mechanism http://pappoproject.org/ (started as a
Haskell project)

My Goal
http://webmachine.basho.com/images/http-headersstatus-v3.png

Hello, World! Time

WSGI
def hello_world(environ, start_response): start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type', 'text/plain')]) return ["Hello, World!"]

Run it... but dont


if __name__ == '__main__': from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server host = 'localhost' port = 8000 server = make_server(host, port, hello_world) print "Server running on http://{host}:{port}".format(host=host, port=port) server.serve_forever()

Use a Webserver!
mod_wsgi Gunicorn uWSGI

Gunicorn*
$ gunicorn module:main_function_or_class Or in our example: $ gunicorn hello_world:hello_world # if we have a hello_world.py module

* my personal favorite

Parsing Query String


def hello_world(environ, start_response): parameters = parse_qs(environ.get('QUERY_STRING', '')) if 'subject' in parameters: subject = escape(parameters['subject'][0]) else: subject = "World" start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type', 'text/plain')]) return ["Hello, {subject}!".format(subject=subject)]

Dealing with the Path


def hello_world(environ, start_response): requested_path = environ['PATH_INFO'] parameters = parse_qs(environ.get('QUERY_STRING', '')) if requested_path == '/': if 'subject' in parameters: subject = escape(parameters['subject'][0]) else: subject = "World" return ["Hello, {subject}!".format(subject=subject)] elif requested_path == '/lol' or requested_path == '/lol/': start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type', 'text/plain')]) return ["LOL!!!"] else: start_response('404 NOT FOUND', [('Content-Type', 'text/plain')]) return ["Upps, your requested path '{path}' was not found.".format(path=requested_path)]

Better Url Handling


def hello(environ, start_response): """Says hello to the user""" parameters = parse_qs(environ.get('QUERY_STRING', '')) if 'subject' in parameters: subject = escape(parameters['subject'][0]) else: subject = 'World' start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type', 'text/plain')]) return ["Hello, {subject}!".format(subject=subject)] def lol(environ, start_response): """Just prints 'LOL!!!'""" start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type', 'text/plain')]) return ["LOL!!!"] def not_found(environ, start_response): """Shows a 404""" requested_path = environ['PATH_INFO'] start_response('404 NOT FOUND', [('Content-Type', 'text/plain')]) return ["Resource {path} couldn't be found".format(path=requested_path)]

Better Url Handling Matching


urls = [ (r'^$', hello), (r'^lol/?$', lol) ] def application(environ, start_response): """ WSGI application that will get served. """ requested_path = environ['PATH_INFO'].lstrip('/') for regex, callback in urls: match = re.search(regex, requested_path) if match: return callback(environ, start_response) return not_found(environ, start_response)

Werkzeug
from werkzeug.wrappers import Request, Response def hello_world(environ, start_response): request = Request(environ) response = Response("Hello {0}".format(request.args.get('name', "World"))) return response(environ, start_response)

Routes
self.url_map = Map([ Rule('/', endpoint='index'), Rule('/<name>', endpoint='dashboard'), Rule('/<name>/info', endpoint='contact_information') ])

User Agent Queries


from werkzeug.wrappers import Response from werkzeug.useragents import UserAgent def application(environ, start_response): browser = UserAgent(environ).browser # chrome response = Response("Hello {browser}".format(browser=browser)) return response(environ, start_response)

Debugger Support

Debugger Shell

Deployment
<VirtualHost *> ServerName browserstuff.dev WSGIDaemonProcess browserstuff user=user1 group=group1 processes=2 threads=5 WSGIScriptAlias / /Users/igor/code/wsgi_werkzeug/ werkzeug/app.wsgi <Directory /Users/igor/code/wsgi_werkzeug/werkzeug/> WSGIProcessGroup browserstuff WSGIApplicationGroup %{GLOBAL} Order deny,allow Allow from all </Directory> </VirtualHost>

Deploy Gunicorn with Supervisord


[program:gunicorn] command=/path/to/gunicorn main:application -c /path/to/ gunicorn.conf.py directory=/path/to/project user=nobody autostart=true autorestart=true redirect_stderr=True

https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn/blob/master/examples/supervisor.conf

Recap
WSGI isnt hard Werkzeug gives you a lot of the base Stuff that Django doesnt even have Make your dreams come true, and you
might be the next DHH

Thanks!
http://senzari.com were hiring!

http://hackdayfoundation.org/ 2K prize! Steal this: http://igorgue.com/presentations/wsgi-werkzeug.pdf

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