C O U R S E B O O K

Virginia Evans
Jenny Dooley
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Virginia Evans
Jenny Dooley
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Contents
Unit Topics Reading Grammar Check
p. 6 Part 1 Races The Tour de France Will / Shall / Be going to
Part 2 Transportation The Channel Tunnel Relative Pronouns
Part 3 Leisure Activities Snow Skiing in the Great Indoors Modal Verbs
Part 4 Entertainment Performances ---

1 Pages Exam Focus

21 Use of English: Part 2 (open cloze text), Part 3 (“key” word transformation)
22 Listening: Part 1 (eight unrelated texts)
23 Speaking: Part 1 (personal questions), Part 2 (picture discussion)
24 Writing: Narrative/Descriptive compositions

p. 30
Part 1 Healthy Food Diabetes Infinitives
Part 2 A Story Shirley by Charlotte Bronteå Reported Speech
Part 3 Long Life Eat Greek and Live Longer Clauses of Concession
Part 4 Traveller`s Accommodation English Hotels ---

2 Pages Exam Focus

45 Use of English: Part 4 (error correction), Part 5 (word formation)
46 Listening: Part 2 (note taking / blank filling)
47 Speaking: Parts 3, 4 (discussion in pairs)
48 Writing: Formal/Informal letters

p. 56 Part 1 Tourism and Business Tourism in the Czech Republic Since - For
Part 2 Fairs and Festivals Chataigneraire Fair Quite - Rather - Fairly - Pretty
Part 3 Weather Weather from the West Be/Get used to - used to - would
Part 4 Useful Devices Inventions ---

3 Pages Exam Focus

71 Use of English: Part 1 (multiple matching cloze text)
72 Listening: Part 3 (five related texts multiple matching)
73 Speaking: Part 1 (personal questions), Part 2 (picture discussion)
74 Writing: Argumentative compositions
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Unit Topics Reading Grammar Check

p. 82 Part 1 Pollution Europe’s Trees in Danger Even-Very-Much-More-Most-too
Part 2 A Story Bird Watching Comparisons of Adjectives
Part 3 Explorations Ocean Exploration Infinitives - Gerunds
Part 4 Dwelling Cottages in Britain ---

4 Pages Exam Focus

97 Use of English: Part 4 (error correction), Part 5 (word formation)
98 Listening: Part 4 (who’s the potential speaker)
99 Speaking: Parts 3, 4 (discussion in pairs)
100 Writing: Articles

p. 106 Part 1 Inventors Invent Your Way to Riches Much / a lot of / few - a little
Part 2 Recycling Renewable Rubbish Conditionals
Part 3 Animals in Captivity Fight to free the sad whale by / with
Part 4 Sports and Fitness Sports Clubs in Derby all / both / neither / none

5 Pages Exam Focus

121 Use of English: Part 1 (multiple choice cloze text)
122 Listening: Part 1 (eight unrelated short texts)
123 Speaking: Part 1 (personal questions), Part 2 (picture discussion)
124 Writing: Reports

p. 132 Part 1 Lifestyles Romanies As - Like

Part 2 Swimming Learning to Swim If - When
Part 3 Successful People So You Want to be a Millionaire Passive Voice
Part 4 Publications Magazines so - such - such a(n)

6 Pages Exam Focus

147 Use of English: Part 2 (open cloze text), Part 3 (“key” word transformation)
148 Listening: Part 2 (note taking / blank filling)
149 Speaking: Parts 3, 4 (discussion in pairs)
150 Writing: Reviews

p. 152 Part 1 Sailing The Sail Training Association have been to/in - have gone to
Part 2 Crime Dr Jekyl and Mr Hyde Reflexive/Emphatic Pronouns
Part 3 Superstitions The Village Lamp There - It
Part 4 Sightseeing Places to Visit The Definite Article “The”

7 Pages Exam Focus

167 Use of English: Part 2 (open cloze text), Part 4 (error correction)
168 Listening: Part 3, (five related texts) Part 4 (T/F statements)
170 Speaking: Parts 1, 2, 3, 4
172 Writing: Revision on various types of writing

174 Grammar Reference Section

181 Use of English Section
197 Revision Section
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Introduction
Mission 1 is a motivating coursebook designed for students preparing key words in the question and scan the text searching
for the Cambridge First Certificate in English examination. It consists for key words and information.
of seven units and involves all four skills: listening, reading,
speaking and writing. Each unit provides four reading parts, USE OF ENGLISH
vocabulary exercises, warm-up and follow-up activities and
grammar checks. Listening and Speaking tests, Use of English Use of English sections are provided throughout the book to
sections as well as Writing techniques are also included in every enable students to use English effectively. There are five parts.
unit. Mission 1 is accompanied by a Teacher’s Book, a set of Each part deals with a different task.
three class audio CDs and a set of two student’s audio CDs.
Part 1 is a modified cloze text followed by 15 multiple choice
Other components of the course are: Practice Tests, Key to the
questions (see p. 71). Emphasis is placed on vocabulary.
Practice Tests and a set of two class audio CDs.
Students read through the text the first time to get an
READING understanding of its general meaning, then a second time,
to decide which of the four choices is the best answer.
Each unit consists of four parts. Each part deals with different Students should focus on words preceding and following
reading tasks, combining stimulating texts and cross-cultural topics the gap before making their choice.
followed by contextualised lexical exercises.
Part 2 is an open modified cloze text containing 15 gaps (see
Part 1 is a text preceded by multiple-matching questions (see pp. p. 21). Emphasis is placed on both grammar and
6 - 7) which are either short headings or summary sentences. vocabulary. First students read through the text in order
To deal with this part successfully, students skim the text to to get an understanding of its general meaning, and to
get the basic meaning. Then they have to read the list of think about the missing words (whether it is a noun,
headings carefully. Students then read each section of the adjective, adverb, verb, article, preposition, modal,
text for a second time, underlining the words that match pronoun etc). Then students re-read the text, filling in the
each heading and make their choice. answers they are sure about by looking at the words
Part 2 is a text followed by four-option multiple choice questions preceding and following the gaps. Finally students read the
(see pp. 10 - 11). Students have to skim the entire text, text a third time filling in the remaining answers and
then read each question carefully and determine whether making sure the sentences are grammatically correct and
they are asking for specific or general information. Then the answers are spelt correctly.
students re-read the text looking for the relevant Part 3 consists of ten discrete items with a lead-in sentence and a
information, paying attention to the meaning of individual gapped response to be completed, using a given word (see
words which will help them make their choice. If students p. 21). Both grammar and vocabulary are tested in this
can’t find the answer, they need to use the process of part. Students read the lead-in sentence and the given
elimination to help them decide on the best possible word and think how it can be used grammatically in the
answer. gapped response, then write their answers. Students have
Part 3 is a text from which sentences or paragraphs have been to keep in mind that they have to use only two to five
removed and placed in jumbled order after the text. words (the given word is included in these words) keeping
Students must decide from where in the text the missing the meaning similar to that of the lead-in sentence. Then
parts have been removed (see pp. 14 - 15). Students have students re-read their final answers, checking for correct
to skim the gapped text first, then carefully read the list spelling and grammatical accuracy.
of sentences or paragraphs. They must then re-read the Part 4 is a text containing errors. The text consists of 17 lines,
text focusing on the sentences before and/or after each the first two used as an example. Some lines of the text
gap to match the topic with the missing part. Grammar are correct whereas others contain an unnecessary word
connections (i.e. verb tenses, pronouns etc) can help which must be identified (see p. 45). Students read through
students decide on each gap. Once finished, students the text to get an understanding of its general meaning.
should read the whole text to see if their answers make Then students read the text carefully line by line, trying
sense. to identify the extra word. Such words can be participles,
Part 4 is a text preceded by multiple matching questions (see articles, conjunctions, prepositions, determiners, parts of
pp. 18 - 19). To get the general meaning students should tenses, pronouns, linking words, adjectives, modals,
skim the instructions, the questions, the title and the relatives etc. While reading for the second time, students
opening sentence of each text. Then students underline the tick (✓) any correct lines and write any unnecessary
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words in the corresponding space. Then they read the the first time students note down any answers they are
text a final time to make sure their answers make sense. sure about. When listening for the second time, students
check their answers and fill in the answers to the
Part 5 is a text which contains 10 gaps, each one corresponding
remaining questions.
to a word (see p. 45). The stems of the missing words
are given next to the text and students are asked to fill SPEAKING
in the blanks with the correct form of the word. Students
should read through the text to get an understanding of There are four speaking tests spread throughout the seven units.
its general meaning. Then students look at the words on Each test consists of four parts as follows:
the side of the text to determine the kind of word missing
(adjective, nouns, verb, adverb etc) thinking about typical Part 1 has to do with socialising and giving personal information
endings or prefixes. On completion, students read the text (see p. 23). Students should be able to talk about
a final time, checking that the answers make sense. themselves for about two minutes.

LISTENING Part 2 focuses on exchanging personal and factual information

based on given visual prompts (see p. 23). Students are
There are two complete listening tests divided up among the given two colour photographs and they have to talk
seven units. Listening tests consist of 4 parts. Each part is heard about them in relation to themselves. They are also asked
twice. The listening tests can be found on the third audio CD. to comment briefly on each other’s pictures.

Part 1 focuses on understanding main points, location, roles, Part 3 focuses on students’ working in pairs to exchange
function, attitude, feelings, opinions, intentions etc. It information or express their opinion based on given visual
consists of 8 short, unrelated extracts of 30 seconds each, prompts (eg. pictures, diagrams etc) (see p. 47). It is
either monologues or dialogues, followed by three-option important to remember that this is pairwork, so one student
multiple choice questions (see p. 22). While listening for should not monopolise the conversation.
the first time, students look out for key words related to Part 4 focuses on students’ working in pairs to exchange
one of the three choices, paying attention to what is opinions on matters related to the theme of Part 3 (see
heard because these key words may be included in the p. 47). Students should discuss the questions with their
incorrect choice. While listening to the extracts again partner, listen to his/her answers and respond accordingly.
students check their answers.
Part 2 is a note-taking or blank-filling exercise based on a WRITING
monologue or dialogue lasting 3 minutes (see p. 46). Writing is a means of communication and self expression. The
While listening for the first time, students should attempt book provides detailed composition analysis and models
to fill in any gaps they can. While listening for the second of all types of compositions (narrative, descriptive,
time, students should fill in the remaining gaps and check letters, argumentative, articles, reports and reviews).
if the answers make sense.
Part 3 is a multiple matching exercise based on five related texts AUDIO CDs
of about 30 seconds each from monologues or dialogues
There are 3 class audio CDs. The first two contain the reading
(see p. 72). When listening for the first time, students
passages which are found in the book. These audio CDs are used
make a first choice of answers. When listening for the
for the warm-up activities. The third audio CD is designed to practise
second time students listen for specific words related to
a real exam situation. Each part of the listening, therefore, can
the options, keeping in mind that one option isn’t used.
be heard twice and the timing and pauses match exactly those
Students can use any notes they have made to help them
given in the examination. The Student’s audio CDs contain the
to make final decisions.
reading passages which are found in the book. Students are
Part 4 is a selection from 2 or 3 possible question-types (eg. advised to use these as home study in order to improve
true/false, yes/no, three-option multiple choice, who’s the pronunciation and intonation.
potential speaker etc) based on a monologue or dialogue
lasting about 3 minutes (see p. 98). When listening for

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Unit 1 : Part 1
You are going to read a newspaper article about the French bicycle race, the
Tour de France. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-I for each
part (1-7) of the article. There is one extra heading which you do not need to
use. There is an example at the beginning (0).

A Different attitudes to taking part.

◆ Think of as many words as
possible related to the
B Increased anticipation.
theme “sports”.
◆ Look at the pictures and the C Will age be a factor?
title of the text, then try to
predict what the text is about.
D Different styles of training.
Read the following T/F
statements then listen to the E Taking a short break.
text of Part 1 and answer
them. F The will to succeed.
a. Rominger will start training
in isolation. G Alike in many ways.
b. Indurain won’t race in
France. H Competing again after injury.
c. They will use the same
styles of training.
I Not trying to prove anything.
d. Rominger is thirty-three
years old.

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Part 1
Unit 1

The Tour de France

As the suspense grows, two top cyclists prepare for the cycling event of the year.

0 D

Tony Rominger and Miguel Indurain,

the two favourites to win the July Tour
de France, will be miles apart in their
preparation for the race. One will stop
racing and train in isolation, while the
other will compete in an international
race, both decisions highlighting the
two sportsmen’s distinctive training
methods.

Rominger, after beating his rivals in

recent weeks in the Tour of Spain, will
no longer be in the public eye when
the Spanish competition ends on 15th
May in Madrid. The 33-year-old Swiss
will rest for a few days before heading
off to the high altitude of Colorado
Springs for three weeks of training.

2 4 6

Indurain’s main preparation for But as Rominger’s first public Rominger went on to say: “Indurain
France will come in the three-week appearance came to an end, he was has nothing but the Tour de France
Tour of Italy which starts on 22 May. quick to dismiss suggestions that his on his mind. For me the tour is not
He will also race in the three-day Tour victory in the Tour of Spain was to an obsession but an objective.”
de L’Oise in France. It will be only his show Indurain that he was better Rominger seems to see the Tour as
second stage race since hurting a prepared than him. “This psychological more of a step up in his career than
knee tendon, which kept him on the business doesn’t interest me,” he said. the culmination of a lifetime’s athletic
sidelines from 4th April until the Tour “Indurain has his road and I have ambition.
of Romandy on 3rd May. mine.”
7
3 5
Indurain uses equally complimentary
The different paths the pair are taking Whatever Indurain’s destiny in the language about Rominger. “He started
to prepare for the world’s greatest Tour of Italy, Rominger believes the the season very strongly with wins in
race has only heightened the growing Spaniard is the man to watch out for. the Tour of Pays Basque and Paris-
suspense for the battle royal between He dismisses any idea that his main Nice. At the age of 33, it may be
the two cycling giants. Both riders are rival may be less fit this year. He also difficult for him to progress further.
intelligent, calculating and share the thinks Indurain’s desire to win means Over the past two years, however, he
same strengths. They both knew that that whatever happens in the Italian has got stronger and is far more
the 1994 Tour de France was going to race, he will be ready in France. He is confident of his ability.”
be like a heavyweight boxing match. the one to beat.

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Part 1
Unit 1

✒ 1 Look at the following words in bold in

the text and try to explain them:
favourites, compete in, heading off,
tendon, paths, heightened, suspense,
battle royal, calculating, strengths,
to dismiss, victory, desire, objective,
ambition, equally

✒ 2 Fill in the gaps with the appropriate

word(s) from the list below:
highlighted, distinctive, culmination,
altitude, in isolation, on the sidelines,
obsession, in anticipation of
1 The castle stood ........................................................
on the hill. (on its own)
2 Her mother is eccentric and wears ...........................
clothes. (eye-catching)
3 At a(n) ......................................... of 400 metres the
view is fantastic. (height above sea-level)
4 The documentary .......................................................
the problems faced by the homeless. (emphasised)
5 The students waited nervously ..................................
their results. (expecting)
6 Her fear of being robbed has become a(n) ...................................................... . (fixed idea filling one’s mind)
7 The player was kept ................ for two weeks because of an injury to his shoulder. (not participating in sth)
8 Winning the gold medal was the ................................................. of his hard training. (successful conclusion)

✒ 3 Fill in the appropriate word(s) from

the list. Use the word(s) only
to come complimentary
once.
to take
✒ 4 Fill in the appropriate idiom:
at a loose end, put an end to, light at the
end of the tunnel, brought to an end,
to beat to win to dismiss
dead end, odds and ends, got the wrong
far a lifetime’s a step up
end of the stick, to make ends meet
1 .................. my rivals 6 ....................... a race
2 .................. language 7 ...................... a path 1 This box contains lots of ...........................................
3 ................. to an end 8 ...... any suggestions (small worthless articles)
4 ........ more confident 9 ............ in my career 2 They should finally .................................................... .
5 ................... ambition their constant arguing. (stop)
3 I find it hard ................................................., because
my salary is so low. (to afford everyday expenses)
4 The discussions had come to a(n) ....................., and
negotiations were therefore stopped. (no way out)
5 You shouldn’t give up, because there is always a(n)
.............................................. . (hope)
6 The meeting was ...................................................,
because it was getting nowhere. (stopped)
7 You’ve ....................................................; I didn’t
cause the accident. He did! (misunderstood)
8 When all the work was finished, we found ourselves
......................... . (not knowing what to do)

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Part 1
Unit 1

✒ 1
5 Choose the correct item.

You must ...................... harder if you want to reach Olympic standards. (train, instruct, master, discipline)
2 The twins are so .................................................... that I cannot tell them apart. (like, alike, identical, same)
3 Many soldiers were ...................... during the Second World War. (damaged, broken, spoiled, wounded)
4 The seating ........................................................ of the stadium is 10,000. (ability, capability, skill, capacity)

✒ 6 Match the idioms with the definitions.

1 Famous people are always in the public eye, and are a. a view of sth from a high position
followed around by reporters wherever they go. b. the person sb loves most
2 We climbed up the mountain to get a bird’s eye view of the surrounding c. to see without the use of a
countryside. microscope/telescope
3 Robert is the apple of his grandmother’s eye. You can see how much she d. to see sb
loves him. e. attractive/noticeable
4 Is Jane on holiday? I haven’t set eyes on her for weeks. f. to take revenge
5 When we visited the fairground, the children were all eyes. g. to look after sth
6 An eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth is a saying in the Old Testament. h. totally fascinated
7 Could you keep an eye on my flat while I‘m away? i. to be in love with sb
8 She always wears extremely eye catching clothes! j. well known (esp by the media)
9 Angela won’t go out with you. She only has eyes for Rob.
10 A bacterium is too small to be seen with the naked eye.

Grammar Check
Listen to the text of Part 1 and follow
the lines.Then read the text aloud in turns.
Fill in “will”, “be going to” or “shall”.
◆ COMPREHENSION QUESTION/ANSWER 1 A: Can I see you tomorrow afternoon?
CONTEST: B: Of course, I ............................... take the
Divide into two groups. Each group in afternoon off work, so we can go out for a
turn asks and answers questions from coffee.
the text on p. 7. Every correct answer 2 A: Are you going on holiday this summer?
gets 1 point. If a group fails to answer, B: I haven’t decided yet, but I hope I
they lose 1 point. ............................... know by next week.
3 A: ............................... we go to the cinema or
rent a video?
B: I’d prefer to rent a video and relax at home.
4 A: Do you know what the weather will be like
tomorrow?
B: According to the
weather forecast it
................ be sunny.
5 A: Are you coming with
us tomorrow?
eg. Group A S1: Did Tony Rominger take part in the B: No, I ....................
Tour Ôf Spain? attend a jazz concert
Group B S1: Yes, he did. with Philip.
Group B S2: Did Rominger lose in the Tour
of Spain?
Group A S2: No, he didn’t. etc

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Part 2
Unit 1

: Part 2
You are going to read an article about the channel tunnel. For questions 8-15,
choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the
text.

Recently I was offered the chance to travel by train through the channel
tunnel between England and France. I went on the shuttle that carries
cars. The site is not beautiful. There is a huge railway complex with
tracks disappearing into a large hole, and a brand-new exhibition centre.

The location of trains is indicated by signs saying “France”. Cars must

stop at the toll booths and French immigration points, where passports
are shown. (Dealing with formalities here means you can drive straight
off the train at the other end.)

The double-decker carriages are brightly lit, air-conditioned and very

hi-tech. Loudspeaker announcements from the “Chef de Train”, an
Englishman speaking very slow French, welcomed us aboard. A crew
member with a walkie-talkie said the crossing would take about 35
◆ Look at the pictures and minutes and passengers were expected to stay in or by their cars. He
guess what the article is told me the shuttle employed several female drivers. “The most
about. important requirement for the job is that they know about computers and
learn French, especially the numbers. They practise by playing bingo.”
Listen to the text up to line Then we started. We slid into the tunnel and hit our travelling speed of
25 and try to guess the end 80 mph. The ride was so smooth one was barely aware of any
of the story. movement. It was, predictably, about as interesting as a ride round the
Now, listen to the end of London underground. Somewhere to sit and have a coffee would have
the story and find out if been welcome, but a crew member said: “With the numbers we expect
your guess was correct. to carry, it just wouldn’t be practical.” 22

After half an hour we shot back into the French daylight, had lunch,
then came back. The return trip, however, did not go so smoothly. Halfway
across, a fire alarm went off. We were all moved to a neighbouring 25
carriage. Moments later, a young man appeared and said calmly: “Just
practising. You can all go back!”

Then without warning, the train stopped. We found out that a lorry
had fallen over during boarding. After half an hour we were still waiting.
People were becoming mildly irritated, and the only person still smiling
worked for a cross-channel ferry company.

Then, all at once, we moved off.

Disembarking was swift and easy and,
within minutes, we were driving on the left
again through a wet English night. It had been
an interesting day. I had enjoyed the experience
of what will undoubtedly become routine in the
21st century; but for me, the attractions of the
sea and the cry of gulls will always win in
the end.

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Part 2
Unit 1

8 Why did the writer make the trip? 14 What does the writer think will happen to channel
travel in the future?
A Because he was given the opportunity.
B Because he wanted to go to France. A The trains will stop running.
C Because he had an important date. B The trains will not be used by the very rich.
D Because it was the only method available. C There will be a lot of technical problems.
D The trains will become the usual method of
transport.
9 What is the English Channel train
entrance like?
15 Why will the writer not use the channel tunnel
A badly constructed
train in the future?
B large and ugly
C small and quiet A Because it’s too expensive.
D bright and cheerful B Because it takes too long.
C Because he has no reason to travel to France.
D Because he prefers going by boat.
10 Why is the French Immigration office
in England?
A So passengers can get straight on
to the train in England.
B So passengers can drive off the
train as soon as they get to France.
C So non-European citizens can be
separated from Europeans.
D So French citizens don’t have to
show their passports.

11 Why do the crew play bingo?

A To improve their French.

B To pass the time.
C To decide who will drive the train.
D To practise communication skills.

12 What was the crossing to France like?

A It was alarming.
B It was calm.
C It was impractical.
D It was interesting.

13 What does “it” in line 22 refer to?

A carrying large numbers of people.

B making the journey faster.
C serving refreshments on the train.
D providing entertainment during the journey.

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Part 2
Unit 1

✒ 1 Look at the following words in bold in

the text and try to explain them:
railway complex, brand-new, immigration
points, loudspeaker, predictably,
underground, cross-channel, undoubtedly

✒ 2 Match the words with the definitions.

1 shuttle a. quick or rapid

2 site b. two parallel rails for trains to travel along
3 tracks c. slightly
4 toll booth d. means of transport that travels regularly between two places
5 to slide e. place where money is paid for the use of a road or bridge
6 barely f. act of getting on a train or plane
7 boarding g. to leave a ship or an aircraft
8 mildly h. a place where a building/town etc is situated
9 to disembark i. to move something along (esp on a slippery surface)
10 swift j. hardly

✒ 3 Fill in the correct word derived from

the words in brackets.
3 .................................................................... carriages
4 .................................................. takes about 35 mins
5 ............................................... one’s travelling speed
When the channel 6 ..................................................................... member
tunnel opened, many 7 .................................................. into the French light
people had high 8 ...................................................................... goes off
1) .............................. 9 ........................................................................... gulls
(expect). Instead of
travelling for up to 3
hours on the sea, the
tunnel appeared to
✒ 5 Fill in speak, talk, say or tell in the
appropriate form.

be an 2) ................. 1 Could you ................................me the time, please?

(attract) alternative. 2 Paul is capable of ....................................for himself.
In reality however, 3 Could you ....................up please? I can’t hear you.
the channel tunnel 4 When I .................that I want you to be quiet, I mean it!
project ran into some 3) ................. (predict) problems. 5 Nobody likes him because he .................nonsense.
Nobody had imagined that there would be a power 6 He likes to ........................about politics all the time.
4) ................. (fail), leaving the passengers stranded in

✒
the tunnel for hours. 5) ................. (doubt), these
problems will have been overcome in a few years’ time, 6 Choose the correct item.
satisfying passengers’ 6) ................. (require) for an
enjoyable journey. 1 She was given the .................. of working in Hong
Kong. (occasion, opportunity, luck, fortune)

✒
2 We had difficulty in .................. the boat round the
4 Fill in the appropriate word(s) from rocks. (driving, leading, touring, steering)
the list. Use the words only once. 3 You need to fulfil some basic ................. before
to deal with the crossing the cry of being admitted to this university. (requirements,
double-decker we shot back halfway desires, requests, inquiries)
to hit a fire alarm a crew 4 My club .............................. new members every
spring. (hires, engages, recruits, dismisses)
1 .........................................................................across 5 The coastline near here is very .........; there are lots
2 ...................................................................formalities of rocks and cliffs. (smooth, even, crude, rugged)

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Part 2
Unit 1

✒ 7 Say which of the following VERBS are used with the following MEANS OF TRANSPORT:

VERBS MEANS OF TRANSPORT

catch get out of ride steer a car a train a plane
miss get on (to) take disembark from a motorbike a boat a bus
get in(to) get off drive board a bicycle a ship a taxi

e.g. catch/get on a bus... etc. miss a bus / a train... etc.

✒ 8 Fill in the appropriate particle(s):

1 Because the lights went ..........................................,

✒ 9 Fill in the appropriate sound for each
animal:

purr howl buzz neigh

we had to light candles. (stopped operating)
quack roar bark squeal
2 I had an anti-flu injection, so that I wouldn’t go
chirp cry moo squeak
..................................................... ’flu. (become ill)
3 We can’t go ............................................... your
suggestion;it’s opposed to our plans. (accept) 1 the ............................cry.................................of gulls
4 Our plans went ........................................................ 2 the .................................................................of a lion
eventually. (were completed) 3 the ..................................................................of a cat
5 Will you go ............................................................ my 4 the .................................................................of a bee
statement to see if anything is missing? (check) 5 the ................................................................of a wolf
6 They were given permission by the Council to go 6 the ..................................................................of a pig
......................................... building the new school. 7 the ................................................................of a cow
(be allowed to continue) 8 the ...............................................................of a duck
7 The policeman went .......................................... the 9 the .............................................................of a horse
thieves and caught them. (pursued) 10 the ................................................................of a dog
11 the ............................................................of a mouse
12 the ................................................................of a bird

◆ Work in pairs. Look at the pictures and

discuss: How would you like to travel? Which
means of transport would you use and why?
Grammar Check
◆ Use the following list of adjectives to
compare various means of transport: Fill in: where, whose, who, which, why.

comfortable, safe, economical, polluting, Tenerife is a Spanish island 1) ............. is off the
fast, reliable, dangerous, expensive, coast of North Africa. Having visited many islands
convenient, tiring, cramped, pleasant, 2) .............. the nightlife is not very lively, I was
leisurely, inconvenient, slow, uncomfortable, thrilled when I saw so many restaurants, cafés and
relaxing, etc discos in Tenerife. It is a stunning island 3) ..............
beauty captivates all those 4) ............... go there; this
e.g. SA: Travelling by plane is more is the reason 5) ............... many people visit the
comfortable and faster than island year after year.
travelling by car.
SB: However, travelling by car is ...

13
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Part 3
Unit 1

: Part 3
You are going to read a magazine article about skiing in Japan. Seven
sentences have been removed from the article. Choose from the sentences
(A-H) the one which fits each gap (16-21). There is one extra sentence which
you do not need to use. There is an example at the beginning (0).

The World’s Largest Refrigerator

Snow Skiing in the Great Indoors
It’s summer in Japan - the perfect time Fudosan Co., the developers. These
to pull on a designer winter jacket and crystals are powdery and small - 80
gloves and head off to a ski-slope. microns in diametre. “To get the
0 B Well, convinced that same high-quality snow”, asserts
Tokyo residents are tired of expensive, SSAWS manager Ryosuke Uematsu,
over-crowded winter excursions, the “one would have to travel to the
country’s top real estate developer mountains of Japan’s northern island
has built the world’s largest indoor ski of Hokkaido.”
facility. The SSAWS ski building
opens this week in Funabashi, Chiba The ski building has two slopes - one
Prefecture, a town 30 minutes east of for beginners and the other, slightly
Tokyo by train. 16 “I have steeper, for experienced skiers.
long been wondering what this 19 Two high-speed
strange-looking building was going to chairlifts will whisk skiers back up to
be,” says Makiko Saito, a 29-year-old the top after they have completed a
department store employee in run. “We didn’t want to make a fake
Tokyo. “When I heard that it’s a skiing ski resort,” says Uematsu of his fake
centre with real snow, I knew I’d have ski resort, “but it just seemed to
to check it out.” happen that way. The ski-run has
◆ Think of as many words as
become popular in a way that we
possible related to the theme
“skiing”. The ski building is actually a $364 never dreamt possible.” Visitors to the
million refrigerator. 17 new ski hall are charged $54 for two
◆ How many indoor and Twenty centimetre thick glass-wool hours of skiing. To avoid over-
outdoor activities can you insulation helps keep out exterior crowding, only 2,000 people will be
name? heat. The building’s snow-making allowed in at one time.
system is said to be unique: 94 20
Try to answer the following
questions by guessing, then nozzles, spread across the ceiling,
listen to the text of Part 3 and spray a mix of compressed air and Those who don’t like the idea of
find out if your guess was misty water. summer snow skiing need not miss out
correct. 18 It’s a unique on the fun. 21 It’s got a
a. Is the snow in the ski combination of scientific achievement sandy beach, fake palm trees and
centre real? and the leisure industry. “It’s not just 2-metre high waves - the last courtesy
b. Is the ski centre in Tokyo? any snow that is produced by the of a huge wave machine. The
c. Has the ski building got machine”, claim officials at Mitsui entrance fee is $35.
two slopes?
d. Is there an indoor water
resort in Japan?

14
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Part 3
Unit 1

A Those waiting can eat, watch TV, swim or sit in a sauna until their numbers are called.

B You may be wondering how this is possible.

C The building also includes a race track.

D When the water particles are exposed to cold air, they crystalize into snow.

E From the outside, the steel and concrete structure looks like a giant piece of cheese.

F Japan also has a massive indoor water resort called Wild Blue Yokohama.

G Inside, the temperature is maintained at a chilly two degrees Celsius.

H As might be expected, the slopes are short - only 500 metres long.

15
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Part 3
Unit 1

✒ 1 Look at the following words in bold in

the text and try to explain them:
head off, slope, excursions, estate
developer, department store, employee,
check it out, refrigerator, heat, unique,
spray, leisure, powdery, microns,
asserts, chairlifts, fake

✒ 2 Fill in the gaps with the appropriate

word(s) from the list below:
nozzle courtesy
misty whisked
compressed steel and concrete
insulation steep
1 The building can withstand earthquakes because it is made of
...................................... . (very strong materials)
2 He had the ........................... to open the door for her. (politeness)
3 Having .............................. in our house keeps it warm and quiet. (material
used to prevent noise, heat etc from entering or escaping)
4 The tourists were .......................... back to their hotel as soon as the riots started. (hurried)
5 The fireman twisted the ................................. of the fire hose and water came gushing out. (narrow opening)
6 The balloon is filled with ............................... air. (squeezed into a small space)
7 The moisture rising from the lake created a(n) ........................... atmosphere. (not clear)
8 They used the lift because the stairs were very ........................... . (hard to climb)

✒ 3 Fill in the gaps with words from the

list below:
persuade, convert, influence, convince
✒ 4 Fill in the appropriate word(s) from
the list. Use the word(s) only once.
ski scientific
experienced sandy
to miss out entrance
skiing to spread
to charge

1 ............................... skiers
2 .............................. centre
3 ........................ í54 for sth
4 ........................ on the fun
5 .............................. beach
6 ................................... fee
7 .............................. facility
8 ............................. across
9 ................... achievement

1 They tried to ........................... him from Buddhism to

Christianity.
2 They tried to .................................. Ann to go to the
cinema with them but she didn’t want to.
✒
1
5 Cross the odd word out.

top, base, summit, peak

3 Most people don’t believe that the moon can 2 exterior, external, internal, outdoor
........................... your personality. 3 popular, famous, well-known, well-off
4 The lawyer managed to ........................... the jury of 4 allow, forbid, permit, let
his client’s innocence.

16
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Part 3
Unit 1

✒ 6 Fill in the gaps with words from the

list below:
resident(s) tenant(s) native(s)
5 As the plane prepared to take off, it .........................,
and soon the front wheels left the ground.
6 When a camera takes a picture, the shutter closes
.............................. .
citizen(s) inhabitant(s) dweller(s)
7 Towards the end of the race Martha began ........
1 The present ............................................. of the ................., and soon she was in front of everyone.
house wants to move out as soon as possible.
2 All the ......................................................... of the Old
People’s Home are over the age of sixty.
3 Fiona speaks French like a(n) .................................. .
✒ 8 Fill in: poles pants
instructor boots
jump slopes
goggles
lift
4 A French .............................................. was arrested
in Berlin yesterday.
5 The only ...................................................... of the
island were an old man and his two dogs.
6 Widespread poverty in the Third World means that
pavement- ..................... are common in many cities.

✒ 7 Fill in the correct expression related to

speed from the list below:
high speed speed trap
full speed picked up speed
more haste less speed to speed up
at lightning speed It is important to have all the necessary equipment
before you go skiing. Waterproof ski 1) ............... are
1 The police have set up a(n) ........................................ needed to stop you getting wet when you fall over, ski
to catch motorists who are driving too fast. 2) ................. are needed to protect your ankles and ski
2 ............................ is definitely true - the faster I try to 3) ................. to protect your eyes. Ski 4) ................. are
do something, the more mistakes I make! also useful to help you keep your balance. Before hitting
3 Even when our car is travelling at ....................., all the ski 5) ................, it is advisable to take some lessons
the other cars on the road can overtake us. from a ski 6) .................., and a pass for the ski
4 There was a(n) ........................ car chase along the 7) .................. is needed to get to the top. After a few
motorway before the criminals were finally caught. lessons you may even feel daring enough to try a ski
8) ................!

Grammar Check
◆ Read the text of Part 3 and take down notes
under the following headings. Then close your
books and talk about the ski building in Japan, Fill in: mustn’t, needn’t, didn’t need to,
using your notes. needn’t have
a. manager of the resort d.number of slopes
b. where the resort is e. visitor’s facilities 1 You ............................... bought me such an
c. cost of the ski resort f. entrance fee expensive present!
2 You ............................... take your umbrella; the
◆ Work in pairs and talk about a summer resort weather is fine.
you have visited. 3 I ............................... catch the bus, because Ian
Talk about it in picked me up.
terms of: 4 You ............................... smoke in here! This is a
hospital.
a. Location 5 She ............................... dress formally for the
b. Facilities occasion so she came in jeans.
c. Entertainment 6 Paul ............................... brought up that subject
d. Accommodation - we had already discussed it.

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MISSION 1 ss_Unit 1_MISSION 1 ss_Unit 1 25/02/2013 6:24 ΜΜ Page 18

Part 4
Unit 1

◆ Think of as many words as

possible related to the
theme “performances”.
What forms of entertainment
do you prefer?

Listen to the text of Part 4

and answer the T/F
statements.
a. “African Voices” is a
puppet show.
b. “The Adventures of Malic”
is a concert.
c. “Blood Wedding” is a
theatrical play. : Part 4
d. Pep Bou is a flamenco
You are going to read some information about performances at an arts centre.
singer.
For questions (22-35) choose from the performances (A-H). Some of the
performances may be chosen more than once. When more than one answer
is required, these may be given in any order.
There is an example at the beginning (0).

Which performance(s) would you recommend for someone who:

Swansea University Players

would like to see an unusual show? 0 E
present

likes dancing? 22

likes dramatic love stories? 23

F. Garcia Lorca’s would like to listen to some songs whose

24
words have come from famous writers?
Blood Wedding
likes songs from musicals? 25

likes plays that aren’t performed entirely 26 27

«A tale of love and revenge passionately
by actors?
portrayed by the Players,»
Swansea Mail
likes dramatic action? 28 29

likes live groups of singers? 30 31

13-17 April likes Welsh singers and songs? 32 33

The Swansea Playhouse

doors open 7.30 p.m. would appreciate a new interpretation of

34
a classic story?
Tickets available from the box office
would like to see a group of rising stars live? 35

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MISSION 1 ss_Unit 1_MISSION 1 ss_Unit 1 25/02/2013 6:24 ΜΜ Page 19

Part 4
Unit 1

Performances

Dickinson. The concert will be framed by the singing of Welsh

Let’s Face the Music A
and American music by the popular Gyrlais Male Voice Choir,
directed by Meirwyn Thomas.
Ria Jones, the sensational star of Evita, Cats, and Les
Miserables, returns home to Wales for two special concerts.
Proving that there is more to her than an incredible gift for Pep Bou E
singing the great show songs, Ria invites you on a memorable
Pep Bou is a unique performer, combining a delightful sense of
journey that goes from musical to classical and from classical
comic timing with breathtaking skill of manipulating sound,
to pop. Songs from Miss Saigon blend with Disney favourites
light and soap bubbles. Bufaplantes tells the story of an
from Aladdin and Beauty and the Beast along with some
eccentric professor and his admiring but envious assistant. The
marvellous popular standards for a great evening in the
comic interplay between the two, along with their subtle
company of a very special vocal talent. Ria Jones will appear
involvement with the audience, provide much of the fascination
with special guests.
of the show. But the real stars are the bubbles. Pep plays with
them, tames them, swallows them and makes them dance
together. They become multi-coloured, opaque, filled with
Blood Wedding B
smoke; they twinkle like stars; they move to the music’s
rhythms in a universe of dreams.
The Swansea University players will be performing this play by
F. Garcia Lorca, which is based on a true story. On 22nd July,
1928, in the dusty heat of Andalucia, a young bride abandoned Mayte Martin F
her groom to be with her secret lover. The consequences of
overflowing passion and revenge are terrible. After the groom Mayte Martin is easily the best-known Catalan flamenco singer.
searches out her lover, both men die in a duel. Although the Her powerful voice captures the beauty and anguish that lies at
ugliness of death is evident, the celebration of passionate life the heart of flamenco. She has been very popular since her
also plays a major role. early twenties, when she won a string of prizes. She has taken
part in Barcelona’s WOMAD festivals and in the Gipsy Kings’
African Voices C celebrated festival Mosaique Gitane (Gipsy Mosaic) at Nimes.
She will be accompanied by her regular troupe of solo guitarist,
Formed in 1988, Britain’s premier female a cappella group has two dancers and a “clapper”.
climbed high on the ladder of success with numerous
performances, as well as radio and television appearances,
The Adventures of Malic G
nationally and internationally. African Voices’ repertoire is
extremely varied, with songs reflecting the joys and sorrows,
This is a family show about two episodes in the fantastically
hopes and dreams of all nationalities, ages, and sections of our
dangerous life of an imaginary Iberian character called Malic,
society. Contemporary songs are delivered with a creative
whose aim in life is to pursue adventure. In this show he visits
understanding of the international African community.
China and gets into fights with dragons and then travels to
Barcelona where he encounters numerous dangerous
Song Recital D
characters. The show is told using Chinese shadow puppets,
beautifully handled, with a live narrator-musician who animates
This comprises American music for voice
the show in English.
and piano. Judy Coe performs widely as a
soloist in America and is also a vocal
coach. The programme includes Carmen H
songs from Porgy and Bess with
special solo piano This is a new look at the myth of Carmen, in which she is seen
arrangements by Katherine as a goddess who manipulates and plays with her men from the
Morris. Judy ends safety of a distant hiding place. This show uses objects, live
the concert with figures and shadows, all beautifully interchanged. The
songs whose soundtrack is a lively combination of Bizet’s opera, with street
texts are by noises and other effects. Skilfully changing moods between the
Shakespeare, coarse, the funny, the sensitive and the poetic, the show is a
Yeats, Eliot, masterpiece of modern puppet theatre.
Oscar Wilde
and Emily
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Part 4
Unit 1

✒ 1 Look at the following words in bold in

the text and try to explain them:
memorable, blend with, delivered with,
vocal coach, manipulating, tames,
swallows, opaque, twinkle, anguish,
to pursue, animates, coarse

✒ 2 Fill in the gaps with the appropriate

word from the list:
villains evil passion
breathtaking captures masterpiece
director winner plot
cast sensational contemporary

“Batman Forever”
“Batman Forever” is the third Batman film, and has an incredible 1) .............. of stars. Two-
Face, played by Oscar 2) ............. Tommy Lee Jones, and the Riddler, played by the
outrageous Jim Carey, are the 3) ........... of the story. Batman (played by Val Kilmer), is aided
by Robin (played by Chris O’Donnell), in the fight to save Gotham City from 4) ...............
characters. The 5) .......... is full of 6) ........... thrills and 7) ............... action. There is a touch of
8) ............... as Dr Meridan (Nicole Kidman) falls in love with the hero while researching his
past. Tim Burton, the 9) ............... of the previous Batman films, has handed over his
position to Joel Schumacher who 10) ............... the humour and adventure in the plot,
adding his own personal touch. In this sense, it is a modern 11) ............, well worth going
to see. Viewers will be sitting on the edge of their seats throughout this 12) ............... film.

✒ 3 Fill in the appropriate word(s) from

the list. Use the word(s) only once.
overflowing a gift vocal
to die eccentric performing
a memorable major climbed

1 ...................for singing 6 ................... professor

2 ....................... journey 7 He ........... high on the
3 ......................... a play ladder of success
4 ...................... passion 8 ..................... in a duel
5 ............................. role 9 .......................... talent

✒ 4 Fill in the blanks with the following

verbs:
to perform, to act, to play, to execute
◆ Talk about a film, a play or a performance
you’ve recently been to. Talk about it bearing
in mind the following key points:
1 .............. on behalf of 4 ..................... a traitor title, actors, director, description/evaluation of
2 ........................ tennis 5 ................... an opera the plot, comments on music/atmosphere etc,
3 ............. an operation 6 ........................ a plan positive or negative view

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Unit 1

PART 2 Think of the word which best fits in each space. Write only one word.

Many people remember the men’s 100 metre final in the 1992 Olympics for Linford
Christie’s astonishing look of determination. Christie was psychologically ready
0) ...for... winning and this gave him an advantage 1) ..................... his competitors.
In top level sport it is now the mental capabilities of athletes 2) .............. have the
biggest impact on 3) ............ wins and loses. When suffering 4) ............ stress,
athletes can experience a sudden, dramatic loss of performance. Nowadays, they are
under 5) ............ stress than ever. The financial stakes are high - if you win a gold
medal in a main event at today’s Olympics, you can confidently expect to become a
millionaire, 6) ............ if you lose, you get nothing. Sports psychologists teach
athletes to replace negative thoughts with positive 7) ............ . Some athletes use breathing exercises
and think about certain words to help them relax and stop 8) ............ thinking destructive things
9) ............ could affect their performance. For hurdlers, like Sally Gunnell, the 400-metre hurdles is
10) ............ tough that it can only 11) ............ physically practised 10 to 15 times a season. If, however,
the athletes are 12) ............ to “visualise” the race in their head, they can prepare their brain for the event
13) ............ practising over and over again. But the main importance of 14) ............ exercises is that if
athletes continually receive images of success, they are far more 15) ............ to succeed in real life.

PART 3 Complete the sentences using the words in bold. Use two to five words.

1 The story didn’t interest the kids.

find The kids ...................................................................................................interesting.
2 Sally isn’t as quick at typing as Pam.
than Pam is ...........................................................................................................Sally is.
3 Although she had trained, she didn’t win the race.
trained Despite ................................................................................she didn’t win the race.
4 She started cleaning when the children left.
until She waited ...............................................................................she started cleaning.
5 He gave Ann a diamond ring; it was his mother’s.
which He gave Ann..........................................................................................his mother’s.
6 A taxi ran over the old man.
run The old man .....................................................................................................a taxi.
7 “Will I ever become a successful actress?” she asked herself.
wondered She ............................................................................become a successful actress.
8 “I’m sorry I was late,” he said.
being He ........................................................................................................................late.
9 I can’t stand people laughing at me.
laughed I can’t .....................................................................................................................at.
10 It’s not easy to raise a child nowadays.
up It’s not easy ............................................................................................ nowadays.

Fill in the correct prepositions, then choose any five of them and make sentences.

(1) to be .... isolation; (2) to come .... an end; (3) to be keen .... sth/sb; (4) to be obsessed .... sth/sb; (5) to be
confident .... sth; (6) to be famous .... sth; (7) to give an interpretation .... sth; (8) to die .... a duel; (9) to die .... an
illness; (10) to be dying ....sth; (11) to aim .... sth/sb; (12) to travel .... bus/plane; (13) to be .... a bus/plane; (14) to
be .... a taxi/car; (15) to be aware .... sth; (16) to be ignorant .... sth; (17) to be .... the left/right; (18) to be .... the
top/bottom; (19) .... the end (=last); (20) .... the end (=finally); (21) to be tired .... sth/sb; (22) .... a way; (23) to be
filled....sth; (24) to head .... ; (25) to dream .... sth

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Unit 1

You will hear people talking in eight different situations. For Questions 1 - 8,
PART 1 choose the best answer, A, B or C.

1 You will hear a boy talking about sports. Which sport does he
mostly play at the moment?
A volleyball
B football 1
C hockey

2 You will hear someone talking about the weather in London at

Christmas. What is the weather normally like?
A snowy
B dull 2
C sunny

3 You will hear two girls discussing what to do on Saturday night.

Where do they decide to go?
A the local disco
B the cinema 3
C the roller-skating rink

4 You work in an office where you overhear the following conversation.

What is the boss worried about?
A the company’s financial position
B his speech at the board meeting 4
C his dinner guests

5 Listen to this actor talking about his life. Where did he meet his wife?
A at a shooting gallery
B at a cinema 5
C on a film set

6 Listen to this woman talking about her car. Why is she happy with it?
A It is an antique car.
B It is a nice colour. 6
C It is reliable.

7 You will hear a reporter talking about earthquakes. When did the one
in Mexico take place?
A last week
B three months ago 7
C last year

8 You overhear this conversation between two colleagues. What are

they looking for?
A a briefcase
B a report 8
C a computer disc

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Unit 1

Giving Personal Information

PART 1 ñ What do you enjoy doing in your free time?
ñ How often do you exercise?
ñ What are your friends’ favourite hobbies?

Talking about the pictures in relation to yourself

PART 2

Look at pictures A and B.

A ñ Compare and contrast the two pictures.
What do they have in common?
ñ Which of the two sporting events would you
prefer to watch and why?
ñ Should professional sportsmen be highly paid?
ñ Would you like to be a professional
sportsman? Why/Why not?

B
C

Look at pictures C and D.

ñ Compare and contrast the two D
pictures.
ñ Which of the two performances
would you prefer to go to and
why?
ñ Can you act/play a musical
instrument?
ñ Would you like to have the
opportunity to study music
and drama at your school?

23
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Unit 1

stories (imaginary stories, true stories, describing experiences, tales etc)

NARRATIVE
factual reports (news reports: events, current affairs, accidents, disasters etc)

ñ In narratives we use a variety of past tenses such as: Past Simple, Past Continuous, Past Perfect etc. Each paragraph
deals with a different idea which is developed through it.The last sentence of each paragraph should lead to the next
paragraph. When writing a narrative composition, you should always keep in mind the kind of reader you are writing for.
In other words, writing a fictional short story is completely different from writing a factual report. For example, a story
should display both atmosphere and our emotions at the time. Punctuation is very important as narratives include
Reported or Direct Speech (see Grammar Reference Section for Punctuation). Use of short forms is acceptable in stories
but not in factual reports, unless we use Direct Speech.When writing a narrative, keep a time sequence in mind. Factual
reports and stories describe a sequence of events and these events are linked with appropriate sequence words such as:

First Finally No sooner ... than While

Then/Next As soon as Hardly ... when Until
After/Before (that) The moment that Immediately By the time
During/Meanwhile As Since As long as

ñ A story can be written either in the 1st person (personal style) or in the 3rd person and it describes a sequence of real
or fictional events. It must be exciting, strange or funny in order to entertain the reader. Successful beginnings and
endings are the most important factors in story writing. A good beginning will stimulate the reader’s interest and
curiosity. (NOTE: In the FCE exam the opening sentence may be given.) A good ending satisfies the reader’s interest
and his/her curiosity. Keep in mind that a boring ending can spoil a good story. A story may end with a conclusion, a
question, a surprise or it can end in suspense. (NOTE: In the FCE Exam the closing sentence may be given.)

ñ Factual reports describe a series of events and can be written only in the third person (impersonal style). The passive
is frequently used as well as a variety of past tenses. When writing factual reports we should stick to the facts and use
reporting verbs (eg. comment, complain, add etc) in Direct or Reported Speech.

General outlines for narratives

STORY FACTUAL REPORT

Introduction Introduction
para. 1 Set the scene (describe the para. 1 Summary of the event (write about
weather, time, atmosphere, people time, place, people involved. Do not
involved, possible feelings etc) give detailed descriptions.)
Main Body Main Body
para. 2 Before the main event(s) para. 2 Development of the event(s)
(incidents leading to the main event) (describe the main event(s), people
para. 3 The main event(s) (describe the involved. Give detailed facts. If it is
main event(s), people involved in, 2 - 3 events, each paragraph should
more details etc) deal with one topic.)

* The main body may include 1 - 3 paragraphs. * The main body may include 1 - 3 paragraphs.
Conclusion Conclusion
final para. End the story (refer to moods, final para. Comments / Reference to
consequences, people’s reactions, future developments
feelings etc)

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Unit 1

Style in narratives
A story has a less formal style than a factual report .

Informal style for stories Formal style for factual reports

ñ Personal style (first or third person) ñ Impersonal style
ñ Direct Speech is more common than Reported ñ Use of Passive Voice/reporting verbs in Direct
Speech. or Reported Speech
ñ Detailed and chatty descriptions (use of adjectives) ñ Only facts
ñ Colloquial English (use of idioms and idiomatic ñ Complex sentence structure, well-developed
expressions) paragraphs, high level of vocabulary, non-colloquial
English

1 Read the two models and say which model:

1 uses an impersonal style 5 is an example of colloquial English and includes

2 includes detailed and chatty descriptions idiomatic expressions
3 uses examples of the passive voice 6 contains only facts
4 uses a personal style 7 is a story/is a factual report

MODEL 1
MODEL 2
Ann Brown, a twenty-two year old cleaner, was alone in
the Trafalgar Square offices of the Central Bank at 6.04 pm on I went to work on foot that evening. As usual I went up to the
Tuesday, when the earthquake struck. As the building started second floor to get the cleaning stuff out of the cupboard. The
to collapse, Ms Brown tried to escape but was almost building was empty and I figured that I could finish cleaning before
immediately trapped under falling debris. 9 pm.
Although rescue teams arrived quickly at the scene, they I had only just begun when there was a terrible rumble, like
were unable to reach her until the following morning. This was thunder, and the building literally started to collapse around me. I
because the rubble could only be removed manually. Air and remember falling and then I was lying on cold concrete in total
water were, however, passed to her through gaps in the darkness.
building to keep her alive as rescuers feared that more of the I was trapped. I started to scream but realised it was useless.
building would collapse on Ms Brown if any mechanical That turned into the longest night of my life. It seemed like an
equipment was used. Eventually, the rescue team reached her eternity before I heard voices above me. I shouted for help. A man
and she was pulled to safety. shouted back, “Where are you?” “Here, here!” I yelled at the top of
The head of the rescue team commented: “It is nothing my voice. “Don’t panic, we’ll get you out of there,” he called. He told
short of a miracle that Ms Brown survived under so much me to take the air and water pipes that were shoved through a gap
rubble for such a long period of time.”He added, “She must in the rubble.
have a guardian angel watching over her.” The bank is to be When a chunk of debris was moved and I saw daylight, I knew
rebuilt within the next four months. I would be safe. As the rescuer climbed down and hauled me out, I
felt great relief. Although my leg was hurting terribly, I was happy to
be safe and sound.

2 Follow the outline on p. 24 and write a factual report about the bus drivers’ strike.

traffic in London / disrupted all day / due / striking bus drivers.

traffic / monitored by police / but main roads / still / blocked / causing long tailbacks / and accidents /
already / reported.
main reasons for the strike / be / a growing number of attacks on drivers / and / bus company’s refusal / provide them
/ greater protection.
drivers’ union / demand / an increase / number of security staff employed / bus company.
emergency meeting / called by / bus company’s management this morning / resulted in / offer /
hold talks with the drivers’ union.
Bob Brown head of / drivers' union / warned / more strikes / take place / management’s promises / not fulfilled.
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Unit 1

Descriptive Techniques

ñ Stories may be a series of events or they may include detailed and chatty descriptions of the people, objects or places
involved in the event. Therefore, narrative techniques can include descriptive techniques as well.

ñ When you describe physical appearance, remember to include: Height, Build, Age, Facial features,
Hair, Clothes, moving from the most general adjectives to the most specific ones.
e.g. John is a tall, well-built man. He’s got a round face with bright blue eyes and a big nose. His short grey straight hair
makes him look sophisticated. He always dresses smartly in a well-cut suit and tie.

ñ When you describe a person’s character, remember to use a balanced combination of good and bad qualities.
You should always justify the qualities you mention each time.
e.g. He is so reliable that he will never let you down.
As for the negative qualities, they should be written using mild language e.g. Instead of saying: He is
aggressive, you can say: He has/shows/displays a tendency to be aggressive or He can be aggressive at times.

ñ When describing particular details of a place, it is important to use your senses (sight, sound, smell, taste, touch).
e.g. I live in a cottage. You can still smell the wood from which it was built. A combination of static and moving features
is also used in descriptions. e.g. static features: The cottage is at the top of the hill, moving features: The stream
flows down the hill. You can also describe the place either from near to far, from a central point, from a high point etc.

ñ When using adjectives in your descriptions you should bear in mind the following order :

Opinion, Size/Weight, Age, Shape, Colour, Country of Origin, Material NOUN

e.g. It’s a beautiful big ancient grey English church.

General outlines for descriptive techniques

Description of people Description of a place Description of an object

1. Place & time you met him/her 1. Name and geographical 1. Size, shape, origin
2. Physical appearance situation of the place 2. Material (It is made of ...)
(eg. tall, well-built, old etc) 2. Reasons for choosing the 3. Texture ( rough, smooth,...)
3. Personality characteristics place 4. Uses / Functions (It is used
& justification 3. Particular details of the place for ...) / Condition the object
(eg. He’s ambitious;he (sights to see - how to spend is in
always wants to come first your free time there etc) 5. Special features
in class.) 4. Feelings and final thoughts
4. Activities (person at work, about the place
relaxing, spare time activities
etc)
5. Comments and feelings about
the person

DESCRIPTION OF PEOPL E

3 The following adjectives describe people’s physical characteristics. List them as in the example.
Some of them can be used more than once.
blue, short, oval, tiny, straight, medium-height, dark, slim, upturned, muscular, brown, wavy, freckled,
overweight, blond, almond-shaped, long, plump, wrinkled, ugly, shabby, crooked, elegant, attractive,
Roman, fashionable, slanting, tall, casual, curly, green, well-built
e.g. Height Build Face Eyes Nose Hair Clothes

tall well-built pretty green straight curly casual

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Unit 1

4 The following adjectives describe people’s personality characteristics:

lazy, intelligent, practical, reliable, patient, lively, unstable, generous, boring, optimistic
Choose the most appropriate one to fill in the sentences.

1 Mary is a very .................................. person. You can 6 The teacher is very .................................. with her
always count on her to do what you ask her to. students; she always explains things several times.
2 He tends to be .................................. . His mood is 7 The little boy is so .................................. that he
likely to change at any time. can do his big brother’s homework.
3 He is a very .................................. person; he puts in 8 My uncle is very ..................................; he always
very little effort at work. gives money to charity.
4 Mick can often be ..................................; he has a 9 My son is very ..................................; he is full of
tendency to repeat the same old stories. energy and high spirits.
5 She has a very .................................. outlook on life; 10 My husband is very .................................. . He repairs
she never expects anything to go wrong. everything around the house.

5 Make sentences with the following personality traits. Remember to justify the
adjectives when describing a person. eg. Her children are very friendly; they
always behave in a polite and pleasant manner.
reserved, sensible, selfish, helpful, unreliable, silly, honest, unpredictable, serious,
dishonest, pessimistic, sociable, witty, amusing, pleasant, dull, curious, naive

6 ñ Read the first model. Why is it bad?

ñ Read the second model. a. Underline the personality adjectives and the
justification given. b. Which paragraph gives information about John’s daily routine?
c. In which paragraph does the writer express his feelings about John?

MODEL 1

John is 20. He is my best friend and he is the person I depend on most. He is taller than me and fat. He wears
jeans and sweatshirts at home, but he wears a suit for work. He has blue eyes and brown hair. John is patient, tolerant,
polite, kind, enthusiastic and relaxed, but he is sometimes aggressive, careless, shy and selfish.
John works in a bookshop. He likes it very much. In his free time he likes watching TV and reading. He sometimes
goes to restaurants.
I first met John at a party at my cousin’s house. I didn’t like him at first, but now I do. John is also very good at
sports. He plays tennis and badminton. He usually wins.
I hope that John and I are friends forever. He is my best friend.

MODEL 2

Six years ago I went to my cousin’s birthday party, and that’s where I met John. I must admit that at first I thought he was unfriendly,
because he wasn’t speaking to anyone, then I realised he was quite shy.
John is now 20 years old, the same age as me. He’s about 6 feet tall and a bit overweight. He has big blue eyes set in a round face.
He has a small, turned-up nose and curly, black hair. He usually wears casual clothes, like jeans and a sweatshirt. For special occasions
he wears a suit and tie.
What I like most about John is that he’s very patient, and tolerant. He never hurries you or gets angry if he’s kept waiting. He is very
kind to animals and often feeds stray dogs and cats. Unfortunately, he can be careless and often makes mistakes at work.
John loves his job selling books in a large bookshop. He helps all the customers, and is never rude. In his free time John enjoys
watching old black and white films on TV and reading biographies. He also likes playing tennis and badminton, and he usually wins.
John and I are not very alike but we complement and trust each other and I know he will never let me down.

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Unit 1

DESCRIPTION OF PLACES
7 Underline the static features and circle the moving features in the phrases listed below.

1) There are animals as far as the eye can see . 2) On the mountainside there is a forest. 3) The fields stretch as far as
the horizon. 4) In the village there are many tourist attractions. 5) A path leads to the village. 6) In the background there
is a hillside. 7) Next to the zoo there is the station. 8) To the left of the cottage there is a barn. 9) The hills seem to rise up
from nowhere. 10) A road crosses the valley. 11) The hills slope down to the village. 12) The stream flows through the
valley. 13) The village is set among pine trees. 14) A path curves around the hill. 15) To the rear of the building there is
parking space. 16) At the top of the mountain there is a restaurant. 17) The road winds through the forest. 18) At the foot
of the mountain there are caves.

8 a) Fill in the blanks in the text below using the following words:
behind, along, up, covered, from, rise
b) Circle all the descriptive adjectives in the text, then give the outline
that has been used.
c) Write down all the words that describe the use of the senses.
eg. smell, sight, sound and taste
d) Write a short article about your town for a school
magazine, following the outline on p. 26.
Bergen is situated on the coast of Norway.
It offers the perfect combination of fragrant pine trees and fresh sea air.
On sailing into the port, visitors will be struck by the beauty of the view. The old
harbour is filled with colourful sailing boats and 1) .............. the busy seafront, the
promenade is full of craft shops, cafés and restaurants serving delicious food.
2) ........... the promenade, the thick evergreen trees which grow 3) ............. on the
mountainside, make it seem as if it is 4) .............. with a green blanket. Here and
there in the forest, old wood-beamed houses 5) .............. up over the tree-tops.
6) ........... the harbour, you can smell the delicious aroma of seafood, and fresh fruit.
Go to Bergen to experience both the peaceful silence of the pine forests and the noisy activities of the busy port.

DESCRIPTION OF OBJECTS
9 The following adjectives describe objects. Put them in order, as in the example:
enormous, ancient, light, rubber, round, modern, little, purple, Spanish, British, steel, childish, flat,
Chinese, metal, heavy, red, square, disgusting, new, black

Opinion Size/Weight Age Shape Colour Origin Material Noun

a beautiful large old round blue Egyptian woollen carpet

1 0 Read the following report and put the adjectives into the correct
order, then cover the text and try to describe the suitcase in the
picture.
On May 20, 1996, I was travelling from New York to Montreal on the 8.30 am
express train. However, due to an unexpected transfer via Boston on the
11.50 am train to Montreal my luggage was lost. The missing item is a(n)
(leather, old, square) suitcase. Each corner of the suitcase is covered by
a (dark, small, leather) patch, which is fastened by (metal, tiny, round)
studs. The suitcase is covered with many (colourful, interesting, paper)
labels, and has got a handle. There are also two (metal, silver, small)
locks on either side of the handle. The suitcase contains mostly clothes
and also a (black, plastic, new) hairdryer, and a (grey, Japanese,
lightweight) camera. If the suitcase is found, please contact me at this telephone number: (617)555-1877 between the
hours of 9 am - 5 pm daily.

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Unit 1

1 1 Match the beginnings with the endings, then decide which beginnings and endings are factual
reports and which are stories. Give reasons.

BEGINNINGS ENDINGS
nd in
ar-old man has been fou A The scientists are ext
1 The body of a 75-ye ed by a group of remely proud of the
ir
s discover achievements. This
Woolland Green. It wa lice. The ma n, breakthrough in mode
rn
it to the po science has opened up
workers who reported widow er, had a positive way forward
to
Mark Smith, a guarantee a healthier life
later discovered to be in the future.
been attacked.
B He ran away as fast as he could. He leaned against
2 The sun beat down on their heads as they walked a wall, gasping for breath and looking fearfully
along the jungle path. Everybody was nervous, over his shoulder. He wasn’t exactly sure about
especially James Johnson. The tall, good-looking what he had seen but he knew he would never go
scientist had been working all his life to find the lost near that house again.
tomb of Itawa, the ancient Brazilian God.
C “Everything possible
will be done to find ou
up is responsible, and t who
deserted street looking justice will be done
3 Brian stood in the dark, d wh y he ha d commented Sergeant ,”
He wondere Brown. Police now pla
at the haunted house. sca red and patrol Woolland Green n to
ce it made him on a nightly basis, in
agreed to go inside sin the attempt to prevent any an
, if he wanted to be a member of further attacks.
nervous. However had to go in.
choice. He
school gang, he had no
D The station manager praised the staff for acting so
4 Some surprising new facts have been uncovered quickly, adding that any delays could have had
by recent research into nutrition. The scientists fatal consequences. There are plans to check all
involved are working at London University and their British Rail trains for faults over the next 12 months
theory has been tested on volunteers, who were in an effort to prevent malfunctions.
amazed at the results.
E James looked back at
the jungle clearing. He
to was
ress train from London tired, but, as always, op
5 A fire broke out on the exp im me dia tely in this valley,” he thoug
timistic. “O.K., so it wasn’
t
night. It was
Dover at 9 pm last get
ht, “but I know it exists
. I’ll
pa ssengers were ordered to just have to keep lookin
g.” He set off with lon
stopped and the loc ate d an d strides back to the cam g
employees
off. The company search again.
p, anxious to start his
hin minutes.
extinguished the fire wit

1 2 First put the pictures in the correct order. Then write a story and a factual report based on these
pictures. Write the story and the factual report following the outlines on page 24.

A B C D

Bravery
E F G award

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Unit 2

◆ Look at the pictures

and talk about the kind of
food you can see.
What do you think the
text is about?

How much do you know

about diabetes? Try to
answer these T/F statements
by guessing, then listen to
the text and find out if your
guess was correct.
a. Insulin is produced by : Part 1
the liver.
b. Diabetics can’t lead You are going to read a magazine article about diabetes. Choose from the
a normal life. list (A-H) the sentence which best summarises each part (1-6) of the article.
c. Biscuits contain a lot There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use. There is an
of fat. example at the beginning (0).
d. Diabetics should weigh
themselves weekly.
e. Diabetics should eat A There is no reason why diabetics should not enjoy a normal life.
plenty of fruit.
f. Food with high amounts B The B.D.A. is at the public’s disposal.
of sugar should not be
avoided. Weight control and regular exercise play an important role
C
in a diabetic’s life.
D Diabetics should be careful with foods which contain a lot of sugar.

E Insulin injections are widely used, but they are not very helpful.

F Diabetes is the result of inadequate insulin being produced.

G Some foods help to keep blood sugar down.

H High-fat foods should be avoided.

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Part 1
Unit 2

Healthy Eating for Diabetics

chicken and using fat-free milk are are preferable. Using an artificial
0 F
also good ways of reducing fat in the sweetener instead of sugar also helps
diet. Moreover, cutting down on the a great deal. It is also important to be
Most of the functions in the human amount of butter and cheese by using careful with the sugar content of
body are controlled by hormones. the low-fat versions is recommended. packaged food items by reading the
Insulin, a hormone produced by the Biscuits and cakes are also high in fat labels and
pancreas, controls the amount of content. preferably
sugar in the blood which is then used deciding
by the body to generate energy. The 4 on a
insufficient production of insulin leads “diet”
to a common disorder called alternative.
diabetes. Eating plenty of fruit and vegetables is
highly recommended. Beans and
1 lentils contain a considerable amount
of a certain type of fibre which helps to
slow down the rise of blood sugar
Having diabetes does not mean giving levels after meals. Choosing brown
up all your favourite foods and eating bread and flour instead of white, and
differently from family and friends. high-fibre breakfast cereals, is also
However, a sugar-free diet still appropriate.
remains the cornerstone of the 6
treatment of diabetes. Nowadays,
doctors recommend that people with 5 Diabetics should be able to enjoy
diabetes should continue their lives as normal and healthy lifestyles once they
usual, but should follow a well- decide to follow the B.D.A. guidelines.
balanced and healthy diet. Foods like sweets, chocolate, cakes The experts at the Association are
and biscuits should be avoided as always available to provide further
they usually contain high amounts of information on this matter.
2 sugar and fat. Also, less sugar must
be used in cooking, and “diet” drinks
The British Diabetic Association has
published guidelines to assist people
who need to follow a special diet. The
B.D.A. recommends controlling body-
weight, reducing fat consumption and
eating more fruit, vegetables and
starchy food. If there is a need to lose
weight, realistic short-term targets are
most helpful. Aiming for a slow but
steady weight loss of one kilogram
per week is ideal, until the desired
weight is achieved. Including more
exercise in your daily routine, and
checking your weight once a week are
also recommended.

It is also advisable to avoid cooking

meals using large amounts of fat –
choose lean meat or low-fat items
instead. Removing the skin from

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Part 1
Unit 2

✒ 1 Fill in the gaps with the appropriate

word(s) from the list below:
insulin, cornerstone, hormones, disorder,
consumption, pancreas, treatment, fibre

1 Bodily functions are regulated by ........................ . 3 After eating, blood sugar levels ............... . (rise,
(substances controlling the way the body works) raise, arise, grow up)
2 A diabetic person relies on .................................. 4 When I finish Medical School, I will have .............. my
injections in order to break down sugar. (hormone goal. (managed, acquired, achieved, succeeded)
controlling the amount of sugar in blood) 5 Before eating a banana you have to ................. the
3 The ............. is a gland which is part of the digestive skin. (remove, delete, extract, take out)
system. (organ which produces insulin) 6 He’s always ............................ animals with love and
4 When Jane was young she suffered from an eating care. (treated, behaved, used, operated)
............................. called anorexia. (malfunction) 7 My granny has ................. teeth. (artificial, fake,
5 The recommended ......................... for diabetes is to false, counterfeit)
avoid sugar and to exercise regularly. (therapy) 8 Due to their continuous training, runners usually
6 The ................................................... of sugar should have ........................., athletic bodies. (bony, skinny,
be avoided by a diabetic person. (intake) thin, lean)
7 Brown bread contains more ........................ than
white bread. (part of food that helps digestion)
8 Good food and exercise are the ..............................
of a healthy lifestyle. (basis) ✒ 4 Fill in the appropriate particle(s).

1 Some types of heaters give ...................................

✒ 2 Fill in the appropriate word(s) from the

list. Use the word(s) only once.
fumes. (send out)
2 He’s tried to give ..................................... smoking
many times but has never succeeded. (stop)
starchy weight to enjoy 3 By mistake, children sometimes give ..................
to control to follow short-term secrets they are meant to keep. (reveal)
fat-free to generate daily 4 The soldiers gave themselves .............................. as
they were surrounded by the enemy. (surrendered)
1 .............................milk 5 The air-hostess gave .................................. sweets
2 ........................routine to the passengers before landing. (distributed)
3 ...............a normal life 6 Don’t give ........................................ now - I know
4 ............................food you can do it if you keep trying. (stop trying)
5 ....................... energy 7 Looking through my diary I came ..............................
6 ........................targets Tim’s telephone number. (found by chance)
..........................a diet 8 The policeman ran ......................................... the
0% 0% 7
8 ...............body weight thief and managed to arrest him. (chased)
9 She accidentally ran ............................. a dog as she
9 .............................loss
1 LITRE was reversing out of her garage. (knocked down)
10 We’ve run ............................................... sugar; will
you go and buy some? (have no further supply of)

✒ 3 Choose the word which fits best.

1 If you stop eating cakes and sweets, you will be able

11 The pickpocket ran .......................... the policeman
who was chasing him down the street. (escaped)
12 Trying to promote their new product, they ran
to ....................................... your weight. (check, ................................ strong competition. (met with)
examine, control, test) 13 The director asked the actors to run ..........................
2 My father had to ........... his intake of meat, because the third scene once more because he wasn’t
he suffers from high cholesterol. (reduce, weaken, satisfied with it. (rehearse)
shrink, shorten) 14 He ran ................................ difficulties when he tried
to sell his mother’s property. (encountered)

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Part 1
Unit 2

✒ 5 Tick the correct boxes as in the example:

weight heart the target a train one’s way the chance luggage the plane money

lose ✔

miss

✒ 6 Match the idioms with the correct definition.

1 If you go out in the rain without an umbrella, you’ll get soaked to the skin. a. to be unaffected by criticism
2 Oh, you gave me such a fright! I almost jumped out of my skin. b. on the surface
3 He’s such a skinflint; he never buys anyone a birthday present. c. to become very wet
4 She has to have thick skin to be able to ignore all his nasty comments. d. to get a terrible scare
5 Although Ann is nothing but skin and bone, she is about to start a new diet. e. person mean with money
6 Beauty is only skin deep; Sue is attractive but she has a nasty character. f. extremely thin

Grammar Check

Fill in the appropriate form of the verbs in brackets.

1 Jane didn’t turn up for the meeting. She must

............................... (forget) about it.
2 It’s ten o’clock. John was supposed .................
.................... (arrive) by now.
3 She might ............................... (stay) at Alison’s
house last night, but I’m not sure.
4 Children are ............................... (not/eat) in
class. It is strictly forbidden.
5 He must ............................... (work) late last
night. He looks very tired today.
6 He must ............................... (feel) very tired;
◆ (MEMORY QUIZ). Read the text about he’s been working hard lately.
diabetics first, then close your books and 7 You should ............................... (come) to my
write down in one minute 6 foods birthday party; I was expecting you.
diabetics should eat and 6 foods they 8 You are only allowed ............................... (hire)
should avoid. Check your answers with a car if you have a valid driving licence.
your partner. 9 She can’t ............................... (be) at home,
otherwise she would have answered the door.
◆ A friend of yours tells you that he/she has 10 Tom needn’t ............................... (get) up early
diabetes. Give him/her advice, bearing in tomorrow as it is a holiday.
mind the text and the following useful 11 We ought to .............................. (be) more polite
expressions: to her; then she wouldn’t have felt so offended.
Having diabetes does not mean ... , It is 12 Liz looks very annoyed. She must ......................
advisable ... , It is highly recommended ... , .................... (wait) for ages.
It is appropriate ... , You should avoid ... ,
etc

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Part 2
Unit 2

: Part 2
You are going to read an extract from a novel. For questions 7-13 choose
the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text.

Shirley was preparing to leave her friend Caroline for the night when
Caroline’s guardian and uncle, Mr Helstone, entered. He seemed to be
upset. “I’m glad you haven’t gone, Shirley,” he said. “I need a favour
from you.” Caroline joined them, expecting a lecture on their absence
from church that morning.
“I shall not sleep at home tonight,” her uncle continued. “I have just
met an old friend and promised to go to his home. I shall return about
noon tomorrow. Now...”
Shirley interrupted him, pleased that Mr Helstone was ready to place
his trust in her. “I understand,” she said. “Do you want me to stay in the
house and watch over your niece and maids while you are away?”
As it was growing late, the arrangements were made quickly, and
the girls agreed not to separate. Mr Helstone’s reason for making these
arrangements was that he knew riots were possible that evening. “If
there should be any trouble in the night, if you should hear the picking
of a lock, the breaking of glass or the sound of steps in the house, what
would you do? I am not afraid to tell you, that such incidents are very
possible in the present time. So tell me, how would you behave?”
“I don’t know,” replied Shirley light-heartedly. “Perhaps I would faint
- fall down and have to be picked up again!” She laughed, then
requested and received the loan of a pair of pistols, and Mr Helstone
went on his way. 22

The two girls ate supper, then moved to some seats in the bay
window. They were silent, listening for any noise or disturbance. Every
window and door was locked and bolted, but Shirley kept the pistols
by her side, and gave Caroline a small, sharp knife. The two girls did
not want to go to bed, and sat silent for half an hour in a state of
Listen to the text of Part 2 nervous excitement. The night was very still, and the air was clear.
up to line 22 and try to guess
what will happen next. Towards midnight the barking of the house dog disturbed their quiet
Now, listen to the end of wait. Shirley put out the candle so as not to be seen and leant
the story and find out if your cautiously out of the window.
guess was correct. There was a louder noise than the dog’s barking - the sound of
Can you think of a possible marching feet. They approached steadily. It was not the tread of two or
title for the story? even a dozen men; it was the tread of hundreds. The march stopped
at the gate. There was silence.
◆ What can you do to protect
your house? Would you From the angry voices, the girls realised that the group were
keep a weapon? planning some kind of attack on the house. Caroline trembled. She
Read the text and find out doubted if she would have the courage to use her weapon even if the
what the two girls did. need arose.
There was a pause. Then someone in the group dropped a weapon.
The sound rang out on the stone drive and the dog barked again,
furiously, fiercely. Alarmed, the troop resumed their march. Shirley
turned calmly to Caroline and suggested that it was time for bed.

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Part 2
Unit 2

7 Mr Helstone appeared to be worried because 11 The two girls

A Caroline and Shirley had not been to church that A wanted to go to bed.
morning. B were too tired to sleep.
B he feared that Shirley had already gone. C talked to keep themselves from falling asleep.
C Caroline and Shirley were leaving. D were too disturbed to go to bed.
D he had met an old friend.

12 Why did Shirley put out the candle?

8 Why was Shirley pleased?
A To stop the dog barking.
A Mr Helstone was going away. B So that no one would see her.
B Mr Helstone would return the following day. C Because she wanted to close the window.
C Mr Helstone had met an old friend. D Because she wanted to go to bed.
D Mr Helstone believed he could depend on her.

13 Why did the troop march on?

9 Mr Helstone believed that
A Because of the dog’s angry barking.
A there might be serious trouble that night. B One of them had dropped a weapon.
B the girls should leave the house. C Shirley said it was time for bed.
C the house was safe. D An alarm sounded.
D there was someone in the house.

10 Shirley was

A likely to faint that night.

B aware of and prepared for the possible danger.
C unprepared for the danger.
D unsure of what she would do.

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Part 2
Unit 2

3 The naughty child was told to ..................................

himself by the teacher.

✒
4 It is against the law to .................. animals cruelly.
1 Fill in the gaps with the appropriate

✒
word(s) from the list below:
disturbance, resumed, fainted, riot, 4 Fill in the appropriate word(s) from
guardian, tread, bolt, incidents the list:
growing to put out to lean
1 When her parents died, Mary’s aunt became her
to place to watch the need
................................................... . (legal protector)
resumed went to fall
2 Jane was so frightened when she saw the ghost that
she .............................. . (collapsed) 1 ...................my trust in 6 .....................out of the
3 The football hooligans caused a(n) ............................ somebody window
when they ran onto the field in the middle of the 2 ...........over somebody 7 ......................a candle
match. (trouble) 3 It was ....................late 8 If ....................... arose
4 The anarchists started a(n) ......... in the city centre 4 He .............on his way 9 They ................... their
over new government policies. (violent protest) 5 .........................asleep march.
5 There were so many people taking part in the
demonstration that the ........................ of their feet
could be heard a mile away. (sound of walking)
6 After two months away from university because of
✒ 5 Fill in the correct word derived from
the words in brackets.

a broken leg, he ...................... his studies. It was Saturday

(began again) night and Mathew was
7 The police are supposed to investigate all bored. He was alone in
...................................... reported to them. (events) the house as his parents
8 Remember to .............................. all the doors and had gone out to dinner.
windows before you go away on holiday. He had wanted to go
(lock using a narrow piece of metal) with them but they
had refused to let him,

✒ 2 Choose the correct item. saying that

(1) ................ (behave)
was too bad for them
his

1 If they cause any ........., call me and I’ll phone the to even consider such a
police. (2) ............. (possible).
A trouble B nuisance C anxiety D problem He was sitting in his
room when he suddenly
2 Ann is asleep. Please don’t .......................... her. heard a (3) .................
A annoy B disturb C bother D frustrate (disturb) downstairs in
the k i t c h e n , and
3 She was so cold that she couldn’t stop .......... .
(4) ................... (nerve)
A shivering B trembling C stuttering D shuddering
got up to see what it was. He crept (5) ......................
4 The dog barks .......... every time someone walks by. (caution) to the kitchen door and peeked through it. To
A violently B fiercely C stormily D intensely his (6) .................... (amaze) he saw a man dressed in
black, who was (7) .................... (doubt) a burglar,
5 It’s a good idea to store wine down in the ............ . trying to get in through the back door. Thinking fast,
A storage B attic C cellar D loft Mathew grabbed his baseball bat and ran into the
kitchen, waving it above his head.
6 Kate watched the soldiers ....................... in lines The burglar, not expecting this kind of
past her house. (8) .................... (interrupt), took one look at Mathew
A walk B stride C stroll D march and ran off, leaving Mathew very pleased with himself.
When his parents got home later that evening Mathew

✒
told them what had happened. As a reward for his
3 Fill in the gaps with behave or treat. (9) .................... (courage) actions, they immediately
made (10) .................... (arrange) to take him out to
1 One should .................. politely during an interview. dinner, and promised never to leave him alone at home
2 As a ..........., the girl was taken to the zoo on her
again.
birthday.
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Part 2
Unit 2

✒ 6 Fill in the appropriate particle(s).

1 She put .......................... the light and went to sleep. 5 Now the summer is here, we can put .......................
(switched off) our raincoats. (store)
2 Hello? Could you put me .................... to Mr Wilkins, 6 The journey was put ..................................... till late
please? (connect) summer. (postponed)
3 The plane crash was put .................. ......................... 7 Catherine put ..................................weight when she
engine failure. (considered to be caused by) gave up smoking. (gained)
4 Greenpeace put ...........................their ideas on how 8 As soon as we arrived on the campsite, we put
to reduce pollution. (proposed) .........................................................our tent. (raised)

✒ 1
7 Fill in: make or do.
..................... my best 6 ........................ peace 11 .......................... a job 16 ....................... friends
2 ......... the washing-up 7 ...................... my hair 12 .................. a promise 17 ........................ space
3 ................. a decision 8 ........ an appointment 13 ................... progress 18 ................ sb a favour
4 ............... a good turn 9 .................... a puzzle 14 .......................... harm 19 ....................... certain
5 ......................... fun of 10 ................... a fortune 15 ........... an experiment 20 ............................ war

◆ Look at the picture and make up a story

of 120-180 words, following the outline
below:
Para. 1: time, place, people involved in the story
Para. 2: details leading to the main event
Para. 3:
Para. 4:
} The main event(s) in details
Para. 5: end the story (consequences/reactions
/feelings)
Your story must end with the following words:

... She was very relieved to hear that he was going to be put in prison.

Grammar Check

Use one of the given introductory verbs to report the following sentences.
invite, threaten, remind, apologise, promise, allow, suggest, accuse, beg, deny, warn, offer
1 “Would you like me to do the shopping?” offer She offered to do the shopping.
2 “I will bring the money I owe you tomorrow.” ..................... .....................................................
3 “If you don’t work harder, I’ll sack you.” ..................... .....................................................
4 “You can use my phone whenever you want.” ..................... .....................................................
5 “Please, please, come with me!” ..................... .....................................................
6 “Don’t forget to check the papers.” ..................... .....................................................
7 “You vandalised the school gym!” ..................... .....................................................
8 “I’m sorry I damaged your car.” ..................... .....................................................
9 “It wasn’t me who started the fight!” ..................... .....................................................
10 “Why don’t we go to Paris this summer?” ..................... .....................................................
11 “Would you like to come to my party on Saturday?” ..................... .....................................................
12 “Don’t go too near the fire, you’ll burn yourself!” ..................... .....................................................

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Part 3
Unit 2

: Part 3
You are going to read a magazine article about food and old age. Eight
paragraphs have been removed from the article. Choose from the paragraphs
A-I the one which fits each gap (14-20). There is one extra paragraph which
you do not need to use. There is an example at the beginning (0).

Eat Greek and Live Longer

If you want to live to a healthy old age an 82-year-old Greek carpenter. He
and eat well along the way, then has enjoyed food and wine all his life
perhaps you should move to the and has never dieted or taken special
Greek mainland or Crete. These are exercise. He starts the day with bread
the areas of Europe whose population and milk. At midday he eats a large
live longest, thanks to their varied lunch with lots of vegetables and feta
diet. cheese.

0 C 17
But although these people are healthy He says he hardly ever eats butter and
and live longer, this surprises some his favourite dessert is full-fat natural
experts. A study of several villages on yoghurt with walnuts, honey and fruit.
Crete and the Greek mainland There is a high level of chemicals
showed that fat made up 40 per cent which resist poisons in this kind of diet
of the average person’s calories, well and it could be the chemicals that limit
over what most experts consider to the effects of smoking.
be healthy.
18
14 The study also suggests that wine is
Researchers cannot yet explain why, an important part of the Greek
though all of these products are formula, but only at certain times and
produced by cows, they should have in certain amounts. The people who
such different effects on people. It is were studied drank wine regularly,
◆ Look at the picture above possible that a chemical change but in moderate amounts and always
and say what kind of trees could take place during the process with meals. This backs up a recent
they are. What do you know of making cheese and yoghurt. study, this time done in Italy.
about olive oil? Is olive oil
considered a “healthy food”? 15 19
Whether it’s lactose or not, national Or could the secret be in olive oil? All
◆ Name some healthy foods.
patterns in other parts of Europe appear the people studied consumed large
What can we do to help us
to confirm this theory. For example, amounts of olive oil, although experts
to live longer?
Finns have one of Europe’s highest are still not certain it could be the oil
Now listen to the text of rates of heart disease, and it could be which helps them live longer. A final
Part 3 and answer the because they consume four times more part of this mystery could be a vital
following T/F statements. milk and butter than the Greeks do. fatty acid, which according to
Another puzzle has come out of the research can prevent heart disease.
a. Cretans are healthy and study. This concerns tobacco.
live longer. 20
b. There is a low level of fat 16 But the search for a single magic
in the Greek diet. But it appears that their diet is so ingredient may not be the answer. It
c. Wine should be drunk in good that it can even overcome the may be that it is the whole diet that
moderate amounts. dangers of smoking. This kind of diet helps people to stay healthy and live
d. Experts are certain that could account for the surprising longer, not just one of its individual
olive oil is the secret to a health of one of the study’s subjects, parts.
long healthy life.

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Part 3
Unit 2

But most of this fat comes from cheese and yoghurt and very little from butter or milk. This could be the
A factor which makes the difference.

The resistant chemicals and many vitamins that are found in fruit and vegetables have been shown to
B reduce the risk of heart disease and other illnesses.

There seem to be similarities between the Greek mainland and Cretan traditional diets that may offer
C scientists a clue as to their beneficial effects.

Cretans consume 68 per cent more of this acid than the average European. Walnuts contain a great deal
D of this acid, and these are eaten in large quantities by Cretans and rural Greeks.

He eats all kinds of meat but mostly chicken. Everything is cooked in olive oil, and he also puts it on just
E about everything: salads, vegetables and cheese.

Many of the people studied, who are in their eighties, are smokers. Tobacco is a big risk factor for heart
F disease as well as cancer.

G It has been proved that some foods prevent illness. Some other foods however, encourage it.

A Greek professor who worked on the study believes it may have something to do with lactose, which is
H the protein found in milk.

Men who drank between meals had a higher death rate than those who only drank when they were
I having a meal. In women there was an even greater difference.

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Part 3
Unit 2

✒ 1 Look at the following words in bold in the text and try to explain
them:
varied, calories, lactose, patterns, rates, puzzle, concerns,
carpenter, dessert, walnuts, formula, moderate, fatty acid

✒ 2 Fill in the gaps with the appropriate word(s) from the list below:
process average consume vital
resist individual ingredient overcome
1 It is wise to ....................... fruit and vegetables as part of your daily diet. (eat)
2 He couldn’t .......................... his fear of flying so he travelled by boat. (defeat)
3 Certain vitamins help the body to ................................ disease. (fight against)
4 Let’s cooperate instead of each making .......................... decisions. (separate)
5 The .............................. of making cheese takes a couple of weeks. (series of
actions)
6 The fingerprints found at the scene of the crime were .......................................
clues in the murder case. (essential)
7 Your ....................... intake of wine should not be more that two glasses per day. (normal)
8 Flour is a necessary ........................................... for making a cake. (component)

✒ 3 Think of the word which best fits each space. Write only one word. Read the text again and list all
the factors that could help us live longer.

Drinking, smoking or leading a stressful life can shorten our

Can we live longer? lives dramatically. But even 7) .................. some people live
There has been a trend to excess, something appears to protect them. Could it be
0) ...towards... healthier living in the the genetic make-up they inherited 8) ................... their
1) ................... two or three parents? A particularly strong gene could help people
decades. However, there is still a combat illness.
lot of debate about 2) ................... On the other hand if we are unlucky 9) .............. to have
style of life is the 3) ......................... inherited a weak gene, then there is little to 10) ............. done.
likely to help you live longer. Even if this is the 11) ............. , then a balanced diet could be
Many people believe that staying fit a help, if not a cure. It has 12) .............. proven that diet can
and 4) ................... regular exercise can help a variety of illnesses - from cancer to rheumatism - and
lead to a long life. It’s true that the even if we don’t suffer 13) ................... these illnesses, a
healthier we are, the better we feel, but healthy diet can surely enhance the quality of our lives.
5) ................... this lead to a longer life? There is no certainty that 14) ................. of these things
Some people would like to think 6) ................., but there is will prolong our lives but even if we are unlucky in our
no real proof that exercise is the answer. genetic make-up, 15) ............... can be no harm in giving
Obviously, abusing our bodies can lead to disaster. our bodies the best, even if nature doesn’t.

✒ 4 Fill in the appropriate word(s) from the list. Use the word(s) only once.
confirms
to live
high
whether
to take
the effects
heart
to overcome
hardly

1 ........................ level of fat 4 ............................ disease 7 He ............... ever drinks.

2 .............................. longer 5 ..................... the dangers 8 ...................... of smoking
3 ............ it’s lactose or not 6 .............. regular exercise 9 It .................... the theory.

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Part 3
Unit 2

✒ 5 Fill in the gaps with the appropriate idiom:

tie up, use up, back up, show up
1 The results of our experiment ............ all our theories.
✒ 7 Fill in the appropriate particle(s).

1 They always go to see their daughter .......................

2 Do you think he’ll ........................... , or are we waiting at the train station. (say goodbye to)
here for nothing? 2 Tim’s mother saw ................................ the tricks he
3 Use this rope to ........................... the burglar, until was trying to play on her. (was not deceived by)
the police arrive. 3 You should always see ................................ a house
4 If you ........................... all the glue, make sure you before you decide to buy it. (examine carefully)
buy some more. 4 The roof is leaking; you should get somebody to see
................................................. it. (mend)

✒ 6 Choose the correct item.

1 The professor has done some interesting .................

5 He asked his secretary to show Mr Burton .............
........................... as he couldn’t find his own way.
(accompany sb to the door of the building)
6 Sue fell ............................ John as soon as she saw
on eating habits in Mediterranean countries. him, but he wasn’t interested in her. (fell in love)
A study B research C report D examination 7 I can’t think of a better idea, so I am forced to fall
2 He told me to take a few days to ......... his job offer. ...................... .......................... your plan. (accept)
A think B regard C assume D consider 8 The tiger fell ...............................................................
3 Call the airline to .......... your reservation for the deer and killed it. (attacked)
tomorrow’s flight. 9 If you fall ..................... with your school work, you
A confirm B affirm C assure D testify may need some extra tutorial lessons. (fail to keep
4 Humid weather usually ............ that it’s going to rain. up with)
A shows B indicates C clarifies D proves 10 He fell ................. .................. Pam because she lied
to him. (quarrelled)

◆ Read the article in Part 3 again and say which

of the foods and habits mentioned are good for
you (e.g. walnuts, ...) and which are bad for you
(e.g. smoking, ...).
◆ Now imagine you are a doctor. Give advice to sb
about his/her diet and habits.
Here are some useful expressions to use: What
about ...?, How about ...?, You could ...,
I suggest that ..., Shouldn’t you ...?, Why don’t you ...?
e.g. You had better stop smoking. etc

Grammar Check Underline the correct item:

1 However / Despite the bad weather, we went for a 6 Brilliant though / although he may be at maths and
walk in the countryside. science, he has problems with all the other subjects.
2 In spite of the fact that / Despite she doesn’t like 7 Although / However hard he works, he can’t get a
him, she is nice to him. promotion.
3 I took the bus, although / no matter it would have 8 No matter how / How much hard I try, I can’t move
been quicker to walk. this wardrobe on my own.
4 She knew the children weren’t listening to her, 9 She studied hard, though / yet she didn’t pass her
despite / yet she kept on talking. test.
5 I’m going to the party, even though / in spite of 10 We arrived late at the station, but / in spite we still
I’m tired. caught the train.

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Part 4
Unit 2

◆ Look at the pictures. Where

do you think they were
taken? What facilities do you
think these hotels have?

◆ Can you name any famous

hotels? Can you name the
people who work in a hotel?

◆ Do you prefer luxurious

hotels or cheaper, more
: Part 4
friendly ones? If you were to You are going to read some information about hotels. For questions 21-35
stay in a hotel for a week’s choose from the types of accommodation (A-E). Some of the types of
holiday in England, what accommodation may be chosen more than once. When more than one
would you be looking for? answer is required, these may be given in any order. There is an example at
the beginning (0).
Listen to the text of Part 4
and answer the following
questions. Which hotel(s):
a. How much is a room in the
Refuge? is for people who like sport? 0 D
b. Which type of hotel can be
dangerous and why? are not recommended for tourists? 21 22
c. Why do the Bayswater
hotels have a warm
have religious origins? 23 24
atmosphere?
d. Where is the Dorchester
situated? is for those who don’t mind how much they
spend? 25

can offer services to non-guests? 26

offers free shelter for the homeless? 27

is for people who want to be near a park? 28

is for those who want to prepare their own

29
hot drinks?

are for those who plan an extended stay in

30 31
London?

is for those who prefer formality? 32

is for people who want to socialise? 33

is for those who prefer a homely

34
environment?

only has single rooms? 35

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Part 4
Unit 2

Hotels

has a gym, squash courts and a swimming pool. It is a long

The City Refuge A
term hotel and many residents, both men and women, stay
there for months, even years. The rooms are for single people.
This Refuge was started in the 19th century by Methodist They are very comfortably furnished and all have their own
Missionaries in the East End of London. Traditionally, the East bathroom. It may seem an expensive place to live, but if you
End has always been the poorest part of London and the want lots of things to do and want to meet lots of people in a
people who started this Refuge went in aid of those who had no safe, central environment, then this is for you.
money, and nowhere to sleep. The Refuge still runs today on
the same basis. There is no charge to stay there, and there is The Dorchester Hotel E
even tea and toast in the morning. The people who run the
Refuge, however, do not accept anyone who has been drinking The Dorchester, situated in the heart of London, is one of the
alcohol or taking drugs. They will only take people who are in most luxurious and expensive hotels in the world. A single night
desperate need of somewhere to sleep. The problem they face, in one of their suites can cost you thousands of pounds. The
however, is that nowadays there are more people needing this services they offer are the best you can find, from serving you
accommodation than the Refuge has room for. tea to driving you around London. The staff have a strict dress-
code and always wear a uniform. The Dorchester offers
Long Term Hotels B everything the lover of luxury could want, especially as it’s
provided in a very discreet, professional and very friendly
There are several streets around an area of London called manner. This hotel is not for people who like the casual touch.
King’s Cross that only have this type of accommodation. They The rooms are absolutely luxurious, with colour televisions,
used to be for tourists who were on a budget and wanted to be jacuzzis, a fully-stocked bar, fresh flowers and fruit. Definitely a
centrally located. But this has now changed. King’s Cross has hotel for people with taste and a large bank account.
turned into an area notorious for crime of all kinds, and tourists
in particular are advised not to go there at all. Long Term Hotels
in this area are fairly cheap due to the accommodation being
very basic: a bed and a wash-basin in the rooms, with a shared
bathroom. They are often dirty, damp and dangerous. They
seldom have proper fire precautions and dealing in drugs is a
common feature in these hotels. Not for the clean-living visitor!

The Bayswater Hotels C

This area of London is a few minutes’ bus ride away from Hyde
Park. The hotels here are reasonably priced and the area is a
safe one which attracts many tourists. The Bayswater Hotels
are often large houses which have been turned into small
hotels. As a result they have a warm, friendly atmosphere. The
rooms, though small, are kept very clean and have that special
English touch - the tea-tray. This is to enable guests to make
themselves a cup of tea or coffee at no extra charge. These hotels
sometimes have a bar and restaurant which are reasonably
priced, and can be used by people who are not even staying in
the hotel. Very often guests of the hotels have their breakfast
and evening meal included in the price of the room.

The YMCA D

The Young Men’s Christian Association has a very impressive

complex in the heart of London’s West End. Originally the
YMCA met together for religious studies, but it has now grown
into a huge international organization. The YMCA in Tottenham
Court Road has some of the best facilities in Central London. It

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Part 4
Unit 2

✒ 1 Fill in the gaps with the appropriate

word(s) from the list below:

notorious, impressive, long term,

accommodation, on a budget, casual,
complex, uniform, discreet, suite

1 My brother is a shop assistant but his ......................

ambition is to become a lawyer. (lasting a long
period of time)
2 James is very ..............................when he’s with his
friends and is always joking around. (informal)
3 When I was working in a fast-food restaurant I had
to wear a horrible red ..................... .(set of clothes

✒
worn by workers) 3 Fill in the sentences with the
4 The film star stayed in a(n) .......................on the top appropriate word(s) associated
floor of the Hilton hotel when she visited Paris. with HOTELS.
(luxurious set of rooms in a hotel)
5 Some areas of New York City are ................for their 1 The Hilton is a h................... - c...................... hotel
high crime rate. (well-known for sth bad) where the rich and famous stay.
6 Sarah wanted to buy an expensive new coat but 2 A c....................... is employed to clean rooms and
she was ....................and couldn’t afford it. (unable make beds in a hotel.
to spend a lot of money) 3 Guests are asked to leave their keys at the
7 The restaurant manager is very ................and never reception desk in the l........................................... .
talks about his famous customers. (polite and 4 The p......................................................... carried
careful) our suitcases up to our room.
8 Sue’s exam results were very ....................; she has 5 When you c................... i..............., the receptionist
been offered a place at Oxford University. (worthy asks for your name and passport number.
of admiration) 6 The bill came to í9.20, so we left a í10 note and
9 A new shopping ...................is being built which will 80 p. t...............................for the waiter.
contain shops, restaurants and a cinema. (large 7 In summer, it is best to make a r......................,
set of buildings) otherwise all the rooms may be booked.
10 Holiday .............................is often difficult to find, so 8 I’m not very hungry so I’ll just have a c...................
it is wise to book in advance. (housing) b.....................; coffee and a croissant.

✒
9 Let’s call r....................... - s.................... and have
2 Fill in the appropriate word(s) from the coffee brought to our room.
list: 10 When visiting a hot country it is essential to stay in
a(n) a................................. c..............................hotel.
reasonably to run a fully-stocked
comfortably a common fire
extra centrally fairly
1 ........................a hotel
2 It is ............... located.
Read the text again and say:
3 .........................cheap
4 ................precautions ◆ What are the advantages of staying in the
5 ........................feature YMCA?
6 .........................priced ◆ Which hotel would you choose to stay in and
7 no ...................charge why? Which one wouldn’t you choose and
8 ....................furnished why?
9 .............................bar ◆ Choose one of the hotels from the text,
without telling your partner which one it is.
Describe a stay there. Your partner listens and
guesses which hotel you are talking about.

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Unit 2

PART 4 Read the text. Some lines are correct and some have a word which should not be there.
If a line is correct, put a tick (✔) in the space provided. If a line has a word which should
not be there, write it in the space provided.

0 Last summer I spent ten of days at a fantastic 0 of 0

00 hotel on the island of Jamaica. 00 ✔ 00
1 The Jamaica is an exotic island in 1 1
2 the Carribean. The name of the 2 2
3 hotel was called “Island Fun”. It certainly 3 3
4 was fun. I met a lot of young people. We 4 4
5 went for swimming every day and dancing 5 5
6 every night. My room was as large and 6 6
7 decorated in a typical island style. 7 7
8 The walls were painted with white, the window 8 8
9 and door frames were been painted a magnificent 9 9
10 blue and all the furniture was made up 10 10
11 of hand-carved wood. The hotel also had 11 11
12 a lovely dining room, delicious food on, 12 12
13 and a bar on the roof. It 13 13
14 was the most best holiday I ever had and I’m 14 14
15 planning to go to Jamaica again the next summer too. 15 15

PART 5 Complete the following text with the correct derivative of the word in bold.

Finding a top class hotel in London is not difficult. One of the 0 meeting 0
best is the Manchester Hotel, a (0) .... point for celebrities and MEET 1 1
business people. It is (1) .... known not only for its GENERAL
2 2
(2) .... furnishings, but also for its superb LUXURY
3 3
(3) .... . Being a top-class hotel, of course it is fairly ACCOMMODATE
(4) ...., but since the hotel offers so many EXPENSE 4 4
(5) .... it is easy to understand why. At certain times of the year SERVE 5 5
it is difficult to get a (6) .... , but if you are lucky, the RESERVE 6 6
(7) ...., will be able to find you a room. Taking into MANAGE 7 7
(8) .... the beautiful view, you could not CONSIDER
8 8
(9) .... wish for more. It is situated across the road from Hyde POSSIBLE
9 9
Park and near Buckingham Palace in (10) .... London – ideal CENTRE
10 10
for those who can afford it!

Fill in the correct preposition then choose any five of them and make sentences.

(1) to be recommended .... sth; (2) in aid .... sth; (3) to run sth .... a basis; (4) to be .... need .... sth; (5) to be .... a
budget; (6) .... no charge; (7) to be free .... charge; (8) to stay .... a hotel; (9) to stay .... home; (10) to be included ....
sth; (11) to be situated .... an area; (12) to provide sb .... sth; (13) to provide sth .... sb; (14) to be .... sb’s disposal;
(15) to be the result .... sth; (16) to be careful .... sth; (17) to be .... a low/high level; (18) to aim .... sth; (19) to aim ....
doing sth; (20) a way .... doing sth; (21) to decide .... sth; (22) a reason .... sth; (23) to be .... a state .... sth

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Unit 2

You will hear a girl being interviewed about her involvement in a local charity. For Questions
PART 2 9 - 18, fill in the journalist’s notepad.

YOUTH IN LOCAL LIFE SERIES

Name: Cathy 9

Name of organisation: 10

What they do: 11

How long in existence: 12

When did she join? 13

Reason for joining: 14

Duties: 15

How does the organisation raise money? 16

Current projects: 17

Subject’s plans for future: 18

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Unit 2

Problem solving ñ decision making ñ planning

PART 3 ñ prioritising ñ speculation on given picture
prompts etc

Discuss in pairs what one should do or shouldn’t do if he/she realised that

a burglar was trying to break into his/her house.

HE
LP

Discussing in pairs topics related to the theme of Part 3

PART 4
ñ What measures would you take to protect your house from being burgled?
ñ Do you believe that neighbourhood watch schemes can work effectively?
ñ Is burglary very common in your area?
ñ How would you react if your house was burgled?

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Unit 2

formal (inquiring or giving information, accepting or refusing

LETTERS informal invitations, letters of advice, letters of complaint etc)
transactional (formal or informal letters that need a reply which are based
on advertisements, other letters etc)

General outline for letters

Paragraph 1 Paragraphs 2, 3 Final paragraph

salutation ➡ reason(s) for writing ➡ development ➡ closing remarks ➡ name

ñ Letters can be formal or informal. There are quite a few letter would look impolite. In the same way, if we wrote
types of letters such as: letters of invitation, letters to a friend and used formal language, the letter would
accepting or refusing invitations, letters asking for or look odd.
giving further information, applications, letters of ñ There are certain factors which help us decide
complaint, letters of apology, letters giving or asking for whether a letter is formal or informal. These are:
directions, letters asking for advice, letters to a friend
▲ The opening of the letter (e.g. Dear Sir/Madam / Dear
about the latest news, letters expressing thanks/regrets/
Mary)
congratulations.
▲ The topics in the letter (e.g. when formal, they should be
ñ Before we start writing a letter it is important to think only facts)
about who we are writing to. If we use the wrong style, ▲ The language used (e.g. formal or informal)
the letter will look odd, silly or impolite. For example, if ▲ The closing of the letter and the name at the end of it
we wrote to a company and used informal language, the (Yours sincerely, Peter Brown / Love, Peter etc)

ñ Formal and informal letters are laid out differently. Find the differences in the following layouts.

Formal letter when you do not Semi formal letter showing respect Informal letter
know the name of the recipient for the recipient with whom you are
on friendly terms

2, Swan St., 5, Castle St., 33, Stuart Ave.,

Brighton, Glasgow. Cults,
England. 17th June, 1996. Aberdeen.
15th March, 1996. (your address) 5th August, 1996.
(your address) (your address)

The Manager of
The Hilton Hotel,
112, Sean Rue,
Paris,
France.
(the recipient’s address)

Dear Sir/Madam, Dear Mr/Mrs Smith, Dear John,

Yours faithfully, Love/Regards/Best wishes/Yours, Love/Regards/Best wishes/Yours,

Allan Dobbins Anna Mary

Note: 1. In a formal letter when you know the name of the recipient, you should include their name and title in their address.
e.g. Mr Jones, Personnel Manager, Asda Stores Ltd., 10, Burnbank St., Edinburgh. The letter should start with
Dear Mr/Mrs Jones and end with Yours sincerely.
2. Remember that you do not need to write addresses in the FCE Exam.
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Unit 2

Style in formal and informal letters

Formal letters Semi-Formal or Informal letters

Salutation: Dear Sir / Madam, Salutation: Dear Mary,

ñ formal style - impersonal - language not too direct ñ short, zappy style (abbreviations)
ñ complex sentence structure - frequent use of ñ use of slang or colloquial English - use of idioms
Passive Voice - single word verbs - non colloquial - phrasal verbs
English - advanced vocabulary
ñ each paragraph develops one specific area ñ pronouns are often omitted
ñ only facts, no use of literary devices ñ chatty, use of literary devices
ñ no use of short forms ñ use of short forms
Name: Yours faithfully, Name: Best wishes / Love / Yours / Regards,
Peter Brown Peter

1 Put an F for formal and an I for informal language. Give reasons.

1 I thought I’d drop you a line to let you know ... ...... 11 Currently I am working at ... ......
2 I am writing to inquire about .... ...... 12 I feel I must protest about ... ......
3 I would appreciate an early reply. ...... 13 Why don’t you come to dinner ... ......
4 Why not pop up here to see us? ...... 14 I’d love to see you again. ......
5 Do get in touch. ...... 15 Thanks for the invitation. ......
6 Well, I think that’s all for now. ...... 16 Please indicate whether you will be able ... ......
7 I am sorry to inform you that ... ...... 17 Your presence is required at ... ......
8 I am writing in connection with ... ...... 18 I look forward to ... ......
9 I hope the matter will receive your prompt ... ...... 19 I’m looking forward to ... ......
10 I’ve been meaning to write to you for ages. ...... 20 Drop by for coffee sometime ... ......

2 Read the two models and find out which model:

1 uses an impersonal style 4 uses examples of the passive voice 7 uses short forms
2 includes only facts 5 is an example of colloquial English 8 contains literary devices
3 omits pronouns 6 includes advanced vocabulary 9 uses short, zappy style

MODEL 1
MODEL 2
Dear Ms Johnson,
Dear Tracy,
I am writing in response to your request for advice
on choosing a career. Just got your letter and sat down straight away to
The nursing profession is both enjoyable and tell you what I think.
rewarding, however there are also negative aspects that You know Iãve been a nurse for years and itãs been
have to be considered. Most importantly a life long fun, but sometimes I wish Iãd taken an easier road. Nursing
commitment of very hard work is required. A nurse must is like being a mother: you work long hours, you worry
be prepared to work long hours, often under stressful about people all the time, and nobody ever says thank
conditions. You are encouraged to pursue a career in you. If you want to be a nurse, go for it, but think about
nursing if it interests you, but consideration of other it first. Why donãt you study microbiology? Itãs interesting
options is also recommended. Microbiology, for example, and you donãt have to work 24 hours a day and come
is a profession within the medical field which can be home every night with a pounding headache from the
equally rewarding, yet less stressful than nursing. stress.
I hope you find this information useful. Please Hope Iãve been helpful! Let me know what you decide.
contact me upon reaching a decision.
Yours sincerely, Love,
Alice White Jennifer

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Unit 2

Outline for letters of complaint

Paragraph 1 Paragraphs 2, 3 Final paragraph

salutation ➡ reason(s) for writing ➡ complaint with justification ➡ closing remarks ➡ name

ñ A letter of complaint is written when one wants to protest about a specific problem. It must be written in formal
language with a dignified tone. The first sentence expresses the reason why the writer is complaining. The language
used depends upon whether you want to complain in a mild or strong way.
e.g. MILD - I am writing to complain about a cooker I bought from your store last May.
STRONG - I was appalled at the inferior quality of the cooker which was sold to me at your store last May.
We use linking words to give reason(s) for a complaint. e.g. Even though I have only used the cooker a few times, the
grill has broken.
Letters of complaint conclude with a suggestion or request which can be mild or strong.
eg. MILD - I look forward to your reply on the matter.
STRONG - I insist that you refund my money at once.

3 Read the letter of complaint and number the paragraphs in the right order. Then find the topic of each paragraph.
Is it a mild or strong complaint? Justify your answer. Add salutation and name.

A I hope that this matter will receive your prompt attention and that my TV set will be replaced within the week.
B I am writing to you regarding the faulty TV set which I bought from your store last week.
C Furthermore, I was told that the TV was guaranteed for 2 years. Although I have asked you repeatedly to replace
the TV, I have not yet received a reply from you.
D When I bought the TV the shop assistant assured me that it had Teletext and stereo sound. However, when I turned
it on, the sound was awful and the picture was blurry.

4 Read the informal and formal letters of apology and

fill in the gaps by choosing one of the phrases B
below, then find the topic of each paragraph. Dear Ms Thompson,
1) ............... you 2) ................. our last meeting. I
1 I want to tell / I am 6 allowed / let wish to explain my behaviour and 3) ................ for my
writing to 7 meet / get together conduct.
2 with regard to / about 8 soon / in the near future First, 4) ................. how grateful I am for the time
3 say I’m sorry / apologise 9 friendly chat / amicable and energy you put into helping me make a decision
4 I would like to express / conversation about my career.
I want you to know 10 reiterate / say again As you know, 5) ................. by the rejection of
5 I was really upset / my application to the graduate programme last
I was most disappointed October, and although you offered me several
alternatives to pursue, I am afraid I 6) ................ my
........ . frustration to get the better of me. I hope that we
I a m 2 ) ............ can 7) ................ again 8) ................. and have a
A , sorry
Dear Judy ............. you how ,b u t more 9) ................. .
1) ........
la s t T h u rsday. .. ....... s ince then ... I wish to 10) .... how sorry I am for my rude
pened ...... ......
what hap e a n in g to 3) ...... ti m e . 4 ) ............ t I behaviour last week. Please accept my most
m
I’ve been usy and didn’t ha
ve tha
b g s, a n d I’m sorry n ’t sincere apologies.
really n
I’ve been your feeli ent, and I should
m e a n to hurt a rg u m , but
that I did
n ’t
.... .... . a fter ou r
s o c a rr ied away Yours sincerely,
.......... et
myself g r of me.
did. 5) .. .. .. .. .. .. .
ette m e Laura Delane
.......... gets the b ............... some
ti
have 6) te m p e r o rk
es my .......... t we can
w
sometim o n ’t we 7) .. .... .. ... so tha
Wh y d .... ..
r a 9) ...... nday?
) ...... .... ........... fo t next Su I just wan
t to
8 w a b o u a n d
t? Ho to,
things ou e able
h o p e you’ll b I a m .
I
... how so
rry Love,
........ .. ..
10) ...... Tina
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Unit 2

Outline for letters of application

Paragraph 1 Paragraphs 2, 3 Final paragraph

salutation ➡ reason(s) for writing ➡ qualifications- ➡ closing remarks ➡ name
previous experience

5 Put the sentences in the right order, then rewrite the letter in paragraphs adding a salutation and your name.

A I am 24 years old and have recently graduated from Leeds University with honours.
B I have enclosed my C.V. and would be happy to provide any further information if required.
C While at Leeds, I was Deputy Editor of the College’s entertainment magazine, covering the areas of sports, film
reviews and current affairs.
D My degree is in advertising and publishing and in my third year of studies I worked for Leeds Publishing Ltd for 6
months.
E I am writing in response to your advertisement in yesterday’s edition of “The Guardian.”
F I look forward to hearing from you.
G I was also a member of the town’s local writing group and often wrote fictional stories for local magazines.
H I would like to apply for the position of Personal Assistant.
I In my final term, I attended a part-time secretarial course, where I passed RSA typing and word-processing as well
as gaining experience in all areas of office work including filing and most computer software packages.

6 Match the beginnings with the endings and say which are formal and which are informal. Then, identify the
type of letter. e.g. letter of complaint, letter of invitation etc. Finally, list appropriate language for each type
of letter.

BEGINNINGS ENDINGS
A I am enclosing a cur
1 I am writing to apply for the post advertised in yesterday’s riculum vitae together wit
references. Please do h two
Independent. I have four years of experience as a graphic not hesitate to contact
you require any further me if
artist as well as a degree in Fine Arts, and believe I am the information.
perfect candidate for the position.

would like B Please write soon and tell me your news.

t last Sunday’s dinner. I
2 I am writing to you abou s.
ropriate remark
to apologise for my inapp C We’d love to see you
again. Please call and
know if you can make it. let us
3 Hi! I haven’t heard from you for ages. What have you been
up to recently?
D Please accept my sincere apology and let me
py when I
r marriage. I was so hap reiterate my deep regret for my comments.
4 Congratulations on you
had got married.
heard that you and Peter E I look forward to see
ing you. Please let me kno
dinner party will be for w if the
5 I’m writing to you from my summer cottage on the lake. I’d mal so that I can dre
accordingly. ss
love it if you could come and spend the weekend with us.

gallery.
to the opening of your art F I’d love to see the wedding photos. See you soon.
6 I appreciate the invitation mitments.
attend due to prior com
I am afraid I am unable to G I trust you will accep
t this advice. I am also inc
the name and address of luding
7 I received your letter concerning the property which you a reputable real estate offi
which can help you. ce
have recently inherited. I believe the best course of action
is to contact an estate agent.
H I am sorry to miss the opportunity of meeting the
honoured
e your letter. I would be artists, but I hope I can view their work at the gallery
8 I was delighted to receiv 28t h May. soon.
rty on the
to attend your dinner pa

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Unit 2

Narrative - Descriptive letters

A letter can contain descriptive and/or narrative techniques. For example, you may need to write to a hotel manager asking
him to check if a piece of luggage which was left at the hotel has been found. This means that you have to write in a formal
style and provide a complete description of the item you are looking for, applying descriptive techniques. Or you may need
to write to a friend of yours describing a nasty experience you had. This means that you have to write in an informal style,
applying narrative techniques (what happened, when, where, how it happened, what happened afterwards, etc).

Outline for narrative - descriptive letters

Paragraph 1 Paragraphs 2, 3-description Final paragraph

salutation ➡ reason(s) for writing ➡ of the event/person/object ➡ closing remarks ➡ name

7 Read the following letter and put the paragraphs in the right order. Then read
the model and determine the topic of each paragraph.

Dear Lucy,
A I’m sending you some photos of our holiday in the Virgin Islands. It was such a pretty
place, I’m sure you’d have loved it. We spent ages choosing where to go to but finally
decided that the Virgin Islands was a good decision.
B In the evenings we went out to eat in local restaurants, then went to a disco or took
long walks on the beach. I think I must have put on some weight!
C Thank you for your letter and the lovely photographs of your new house. It looks
beautiful.
D I’ve brought back a little souvenir for you which I’ll bring with me when we come and
visit you next month. I’m really looking forward to seeing you then.
E Our hotel was fantastic. We decided to book a hotel close to the beach and we were lucky because our room had
a huge balcony with a gorgeous view of the sea. We spent all day on the beach sunbathing and enjoying the good
weather.
Best wishes,
Mary

8 Identify the type and style of each letter, then write the salutations, opening sentences and closing remarks
for each of them.

a ... I’m really confused about what to do with my future and I desperately need your advice. As you have had plenty
of experience in nursing, I’d like to know what you think - should I train to become a nurse or not? ...

b ... Next weekend we are having a few friends round to stay and we’d like you both to come. It’s a sort of house
warming and it’ll be very informal. You will know everybody else, so please try to come. ...

c ... Your house warming party next weekend sounds like a great idea. We would love to come to see you and your
new house as we haven’t seen you for ages. I’m sure we’ll have a wonderful time together. ...

d ... I’m really disappointed because I’m afraid that we won’t be able to make it next weekend. Your weekend party
sounds like a great idea, but my brother is getting married on Saturday afternoon and we must go. ...

e ... Thank you very much for your wonderful wedding present, it is just what we needed. It suits the living room
perfectly and it will have pride of place on the wall over the fire-place. ...

f ... I would like to know whether it would be possible for me to follow the course from home, without attending
lessons, and would be grateful if you could send me any information you may have about this possibility. ...

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Unit 2

Transactional letters
ñ Transactional letters can be formal or informal. They need a reply which may be based on advertisements, other
writing input, letters etc. For example, a letter which is asking for further information about renting a cottage based on
an advertisement is a transactional letter. (Writing a transactional letter is a compulsory task in Paper 2, Part 1 in the
FCE examination.)
When writing a transactional letter:
ñ Decide on the appropriate style of the letter (formal or informal)
ñ Include all the information provided in the question using your own words.
ñ Make sure each paragraph has a topic.
9 Read the following advertisement and the two answers, then decide which model is good and which is bad,
giving reasons for your answer.

What sort of home FREE HOLIDAYS

required?
Exchange your home worldwide through
“International Home Exchange”. including N. Africa?

For more information write to: Capital

travel arrangements? Marketing Corp. Ltd, PO Box 561, 6221, Main
St., Gibraltar

Notes: - description of house: style / size / location

- 15th June - 15th July
- family of 5 (3 children aged 10, 8, 6)

MODEL 1
MODEL 2
Dear Sir/Madam,
I am writing with regard to your advertisement in “The Dear Sir/Madam,
Guardian” on 10th February. I would be grateful if you could send I want to know more about the free holiday
me further information about your home exchange scheme. advertisement you placed in the Guardian newspaper
However I would appreciate it if you could clarify a few questions I on the 10th February. I’m really interested in your
have. home exchange scheme and I would appreciate it if
I am interested in visiting North Africa, particularly Tunisia, but I you could send me information. I also have a few
am only available from the 15th June to the 15th July. Do you think questions I’d like you to answer.
you may be able to find an exchange in this area at such short I can only take a holiday 15th of June - 15th of
notice? July. Do you think I can do it with my family of 5
I have three small children so the house would need to include (3 children aged 10, 8, 6)? My house is in the country.
some facilities to keep them occupied, for example a swimming What sort of home is required? I live in a house in
pool. a small village and the surrounding countryside is
I would like to enquire exactly what type of house is required. I very beautiful. Do you think this is suitable? I also
have a spacious cottage with a large garden that is ideal for children. need to know if you make the travel arrangements
I would be more than glad to send photographs and a more detailed or if I have to do this myself.
description of our home if this would be of assistance. I would like to thank you in advance for your help
I would also like to know if the flights must be booked through and advice on this matter. I’m looking forward to
your organisation, or separately through a travel agent. hearing from you.
Thank you for your kind attention. I would appreciate an answer
at your earliest convenience. Yours,
Yours faithfully, Jill
Jill Thomson

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Unit 2

10 Read the following letter and the notes. Then read the model and find the topic of each paragraph, saying
what type of letter it is.

Dear Juan,

I±m planning to visit Madrid in June for ten days. I was wondering if you could send me
some information concerning the Saman Hotel.
I±d like to know how many rooms the hotel has and what category it is. Would you also find out
what the price for a single room is and what is included in that price? Lastly, could you tell me what
services the hotel provides for its guests?
I±d be grateful if you could get this information for me.
Thanks for your help.
Love,
Sally

Notes: rooms - 200 air conditioned (bathroom, telephone, TV, small bar)
category : A’ with restaurant, cocktail lounge, outdoor swimming pool, jacuzzi
price for single room : í100 per night without breakfast + í15 for Continental breakfast
services provided : room service, laundry service (extra charge)

MODEL
Dear Sally,
I hope you are well. I’m writing to thank you for your letter and give you the information you asked for.
First of all, the Saman Hotel has 200, air-conditioned rooms. Each room has its own bathroom, a telephone, a
TV and a small bar. It is an “A” category hotel with a restaurant, a cocktail lounge, an outdoor swimming pool and
a jacuzzi.
The price of a single room is í100 per night without breakfast or í115 per night with breakfast included.
Breakfast is offered from 8 - 10.30 each morning and consists of coffee, tea, milk, juice, bread, jam and cereals.
The hotel provides many services such as room service, maid and laundry services. Maid service is provided
free. However, there’ s an extra charge for room and laundry service.
I hope this information is helpful. If you need anything else, please let me know. I’m looking forward to seeing
you in June.
Love,
Juan

11 Read the instructions below and write a reply including all the information given.
Your friend is thinking of applying for a job as a waiter in a hotel in the South of France. He wants more information from
you as you worked there last summer. Write to him using the information in the advert and the notes you made. Write a
letter of between 120 and 180 words in an appropriate style. Do not write addresses.

Waiters / Chambermaids
required for family-run hotel in the South of France.
Good Salary.
6 day week. Accommodation provided
English & French essential
Contact Mr Legrand tel 0033 - 37237448

Notes: ñ staff normally required June to ñ salary paid 4.000 francs ñ accommodation: shared room
September (= í400) + tips ñ no experience required
ñ 2-month contracts available ñ hotel 100 m from sea ñ work: 12 hours a day

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Unit 2

1 2 Match the beginnings with the endings. Say which are formal and which are informal giving reasons.
Then, identify the types of letters. e.g. letter of complaint, letter of invitation etc. Finally, list appropriate
language for each type of letter.
e.g. Beginning We would be honoured if you could attend our son’s wedding ....
Ending Please indicate whether you will be able to attend. }
Formal Invitation

BEGINNINGS ENDINGS

1 On behalf of Fiat you are invited to attend our annual A Anyway, thanks for
Customer Appreciation Dinner. the gift. Write soon.

t. It was a
for my birthday presen
2 Thank you so much B Please indicate whether you will be able to attend.
lovely surprise. Meanwhile, happy motoring!

3 I am writing to complain about the rude manner in which

I was treated by one of your customer service C I look forward to rec
eiving any information
representatives. I spoke to the representative’s superior able to send me. I hope you are
to hear from you soon.
at the time, but no action was taken.
some advice
terday. Let me give you
4 I got your letter yes s can’t be as bad D I trust the situation will improve and that I will not
ntioned. Thing
about the matter you me . have cause for further complaint.
relax a bit
as they seem, so try to
5 I am writing to inquire about the application process for E Hope this helped, bu
t why don’t you give me
your educational programme. I have read your 1995 so we can talk about a ring
it? Like I said, I think you
bulletin but would like more detailed and up-to-date worrying too much - it ’re
will all work out.
information.

13 Read the following questions, identify the type and style of each letter, then write any four of them. Write
your answer in the appropriate style using 120-180 words. Do not include addresses.

1 While staying at a hotel recently you lost your camera. Write a letter to the hotel manager describing your
camera and asking him to send it to you if he finds it.

2 This is part of a letter you have recently received from your old school. Write a reply to this letter,
expressing regret that you will be unable to attend since you will be on holiday abroad for the whole of June.
We will be holding a reunion party for all former students on June 24th and would be very pleased to see
you there. Please let us know as soon as possible if you will be attending.

3 This is part of a letter you have received from a friend who lives in Scotland. Write a reply to your friend’s letter
apologising for keeping him waiting at the station.
I’m very hurt that you didn’t even call me to let me know that you’d missed the train - I waited for 45
minutes at the station. I think that I deserve an apology and I’m telling you now that if it happens again,
I won’t invite you to my house again.

4 You recently went to a restaurant with a group of friends. Write a letter to the restaurant manager complaining
about the bad food and service you received.

5 You have an Italian friend visiting, who you want to take on a guided tour of London. Write a letter to the Tourist
Information Bureau asking for information about the tours they offer, times of departure, prices, student discounts etc.

6 This is part of a letter you received from a friend. Write a reply giving your friend advice about what he/she
should do.
I don’t know what to do and I thought you might be able to help me. As you know, I lost my job last
month and I haven’t been able to find a new one. I hardly have enough money to pay my rent.

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Unit 3

◆ Look at the pictures.

Where do you think these
photos were taken? Would
you like to visit this place?
Give reasons for your
answer.

◆ Name three things that make

a place attractive to tourists.

◆ How can tourism benefit a

country? What are the
possible drawbacks?
: Part 1
First read the following You are going to read an article about tourism in the Czech Republic.
summary then listen to the Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-I for each part (1-7) of the
text of Part 1 and fill in the article. There is one extra heading which you do not need to use.
missing information. There is an example at the beginning (0).

In 1994 tourism accounted for

1) ................. billion in the Czech
Republic. Jiri Cech is 2) ...............
of the Tourism Department. A Revival attracts business.
Prague is known as the 3) .............
City. The Hilton Atrium is near the B Balancing progress and preservation.
4) ........... centre. The Villa Voyta is
a small, luxury hotel, built in 1921.
C Tourists starting to move beyond Prague.
The most popular place after
Prague is Cesky Krumlov near the
5) ................. border. Its castle D The ideal solution.
contains the oldest baroque
6) ............ in the world. For those E A cheap place for a holiday.
looking for unspoiled nature, the
Sumava region is rich in 7) .......... . F Tourism brings big money.
However, there are also problems.
Prague is finding it difficult to cope G Small but luxurious.
with the tourists in terms of
accomodation, 8) ................. and
the sewage system. The Czech
H Countless castles and old towns.
republic is busy restoring pre-war
greatness as well as offering more I Sustained growth in tourism.
9) ............... to tourists.

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Part 1
Unit 3

Tourism in the Czech Republic

A steady increase in tourism has resulted in prosperity and change in Prague.

and culture seekers visiting the castles

0 F 4
of Moravia before a stop in the musical
city of Prague,” says Mr Cech.
The Czech Republic is enjoying a tourist Foreign tourists are also beginning to
boom that has become increasingly discover attractions outside the
7
important to the country’s economy. In capital, pouring cash directly into the
1994, tourism accounted for í1.5 billion farthest corners of the country. “It is
There are many destinations to
which is expected to soon rise by ten per very important for us to expand the
explore in the Czech Republic, which
cent. “Tourism, one of our top foreign options available for visitors exploring
is busy restoring pre-war greatness.
exchange earners, is very important to the Czech countryside,” observes Jiri
Whether the country gets full benefit
the country,” says Jiri Cech, director of Cech.
from the still growing influx of tourists
the Tourism Department. depends on how successful it is in
5 offering more facilities while preserving
1 its old world atmosphere.
The most popular site after Prague is
More than 17 million tourists came to the south Bohemian town of Cesky
explore the various sights of Prague, Krumlov, situated above the Austrian
known as the “Golden City”, in 1994, border. Its castle houses the oldest
and the boom continues. Private surviving baroque theatre in the world,
business people have improved the complete with stage sets, costumes
Czech capital with new shops, and a library of opera libretti.
restaurants and cafés. Thousands of such castles and
chateaux, many in excellent condition,
2 cover the Bohemian and Moravian
landscapes, and many historic towns
Although plans to build a luxury hotel are renovating their ancient squares.
were opposed, the capital has Those looking for unspoilt nature can
attracted several of the world’s explore the Sumava region close to
leading hotel groups - including Hyatt, the Austrian and German borders, an
Hilton International and Holiday Inn. area still rich in wildlife.
These hotels bid for sites and
contracts in the Czech capital. “We 6
are optimistic about the prospects in
Prague, especially for conventions The Czech Tourism Department is
and meetings,” says Daniel Durand, trying to encourage greater
manager of the Prague Hilton Atrium investment in facilities outside Prague
located near the city centre. to try to lessen the strain on the
already crowded capital. What the
3 Minister would like most is an even
spread of tourism across the whole
What makes Prague special, however, country rather than the concentration
are small friendly hotels like the Villa on Prague. Indeed the city is finding it
Voyta. This quiet and architecturally difficult to cope with the tourists in terms
beautiful hotel, built in 1921, has of accommodation, transportation and
become the first in the country to be the sewage system. “For me the
accepted into the exclusive Small perfect world would be to have nature
Luxury Hotels of the World lovers wandering in the Bohemian hills,
Association. or hiking in the Sudeten mountains,

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Part 1
Unit 3

✒ 1 Look at the following words in bold in the text

and try to explain them:
prosperity, accounted for, foreign exchange,
optimistic, pouring, to expand, landscapes,
investment, spread, concentration, sewage system,
hiking

✒ 2 Fill in the gaps with the correct word(s) from the

list below:
convention bid exclusive options
influx wandering prospects boom

1 Famous people usually dine at very ................................................. restaurants. (private, elegant and expensive)
2 There was a(n) ...................................... in land development all over the world during the 1980s. (sudden growth)
3 A large construction company has ........................... for the contract to build the new town hall. (offered a price)
4 They are going to use the Hilton Hotel to hold the annual teachers’ ................................................... . (conference)
5 Being enthusiastic about your job improves your .................................. of promotion. (chances)
6 The authorities will try hard to cope with the huge .................... of visitors to the Olympic Games. (sudden arrival)
7 There are various .......................... open to someone who wants to study in England. (choices)
8 When I am on holiday, I love .................................................... through the countryside. (walking in a relaxed way)

✒ 3 Fill in the appropriate word(s) from

the list. Use the word(s) only once.
to restore to unspoilt culture
✒1
4 Find the odd word out.

site - sight - area - region

to become to preserve to explore 2 renovate - repair - demolish - restore
to encourage to lessen rich 3 loss - benefit - profit - gain
4 loaded - packed - filled - vacant
1 .........the atmosphere 6 ................increasingly 5 relaxed - tranquil - stimulated - calm
6 border - frontier - boundary - margin
2 .................investment important
3 ....................the strain 7 ...................the sights
4 ......................seekers 8 ....................in wildlife
5 .........................nature 9 ......pre-war greatness

✒ 5 Fill in the text with the following words

related to “money”.
cash, coins, bank, cash card, traveller’s
cheques, change, withdraw, notes,
currency, exchange rate, credit card
Before going on holiday it is a good idea to go to the
1) ................. to 2) ................. some money, so that you
have some foreign 3) ................. in your pocket when you
arrive. The bank will give you most of your foreign money
in 4) ................. but it is also useful to have some 5) ................. in case you want to make a phone call or to buy
something from a vending machine. In some places you may be able to use your 6) ............................... to make a
phone call. Always check the 7) ............................... so that you know how much money you should be getting per
pound! If you do not want to carry 8) ................. you can convert your money to 9) ..............................., and in some
countries you can even use your 10) ............................... to 11) ................. money.

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Part 1
Unit 3

✒ 6 Fill in the appropriate expressions related

to “terms”:
in terms of on unequal terms with
4 I .................................... him hiding behind the tree.
(managed to see)
5 The detective was following her but she disappeared
in the crowd and he .................................. her.
on good terms with in the long term
(could no longer see)
on equal terms come to terms with
6 The athlete has set ................................. winning a
gold medal at the Olympics. (firmly decided on)
A. Jane is not 1) ..................................... Susan, her 7 It was a case of “..............” when Bill found the missing
business partner, at the moment. They argued last telephone bill that had been buried in a drawer.
week because Susan thought they should not be (something not seen will soon be forgotten)
2) ............................. in the business. She wanted to 8 I know him ............................... but I’ve never spoken
be in charge, which meant that 3) ............................. to him. (recognize his face)
responsibility, they would be 4) ................................

✒
each other.
8 Fill in the correct word:
B. William has not yet been able to 1) ...................... his
restore, repair, renovate, preserve
father’s death, but I think that 2) .................. he will.
1 Because their house had been deteriorating for years

✒
they decided to ...................................................... it.
7 Fill in the appropriate idioms related to 2 This old painting is badly damaged; we’ll have to ...
“sight”:
.................................................it to its former beauty.
1 They fell in love ............................... . (as soon as 3 The workers are hurrying to .................................the
they saw each other) road because it needs to be in good condition for the
2 The passengers on the ship were glad to see that Lord Mayor’s parade.
land was ............. after such a long journey. (in view) 4 Pickles are vegetables which you ............................
3 She watched the plane take off and fly away until it in vinegar or brine.
was ............................... . (out of view)

Grammar Check

Fill in since or for.

I have wanted to visit France ever 1) ............ I entered

college. I have been learning about French history and
culture 2) ...................... the past two years, and have
recently been looking into the possibility of studying in
France 3) ............... one month this summer. I have
dreamed about strolling in
the grounds of the Palace of
Versailles 4) ............ so long.
5) .................... I began my
studies, I have become
aware of the significant
◆ Read the text again and make notes on contributions that French
things a tourist can see and do in the leaders, writers, artists and
following places in the Czech Republic: scholars have made to the
Prague e.g. shopping, ... world. My professor has been
Cesky Krumlov e.g. visit castles, ... travelling to France 6) ............
Sumava e.g. wildlife, ... over 20 years and he is still
◆ Now choose three places a tourist would fascinated by its beauty and
visit in your country and say what he/she culture. 7) ............ his first trip
can do or see in these places. in 1965, he has written many
◆ Work in pairs and discuss: Which city books about his travels there
would you like to visit and why? which are highly regarded all over the world.

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Part 2
Unit 3

: Part 2
You are going to read an article about a village fair. For questions 8-15,
choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the
text.

“A rainy day can be a blessing in disguise” was the judgement of

one of the organisers of this year’s sweet-chestnut fair in the tiny
French village where I live. Because of almost uninterrupted rain,
“only” about 10,000 people turned up. Had it been sunny, there
would have been total traffic chaos.

Some visitors came out of curiosity - the fair is only five years old.
For others, it has become an annual journey down memory lane; until
fairly recently, the chestnut was a central part of the diet here in
Chataigneraire (literally, the chestnut grove).

The air was fragrant with the smell of roasting chestnuts - at least
until the downpour soaked the grill. There were stands selling cakes
made with chestnut flour and open sandwiches of mashed chestnuts,
cheese and bacon. There were also articles made of chestnut wood
such as baskets, furniture and walking sticks.

One of the highlights of the fair was a cookery competition for

original recipes incorporating chestnuts. The president of the panel of
judges was the chef Michel Bras who owns the best restaurant in the
region. Bras has written a massive cookbook of inventive recipes,
many of which call for the wild plants and mushrooms he comes
across as he goes on his daily jog.
◆ Look at the pictures. Where
do you think these photos People packed into the village hall as the competition started, partly
were taken? What are these because they wanted to see the famous Bras, and partly because it was
people celebrating? Is there pouring down outside.
anything special about their
clothes? The crowd watched calmly as the judges sampled mouthfuls of
seven dishes and gave them marks for appearance, taste, balance
◆ Can you name any festivals and so on. The winning recipe was a delicious charlotte of chestnut
or fairs that take place in puree and cream, served with a bitter orange sauce.
your country? What do
At that point, the audience, already deeply frustrated at not being
people usually do on
allowed to taste the dishes themselves, stared in amazement as Bras
these occasions?
made a harsh summing-up speech. “I couldn’t find the taste or texture
of the chestnuts of my youth,” he said, before running off to his car.
Read the following questions
then listen to the text of Part 2 There was a jollier atmosphere at the aligot evening. Aligot is a local
and answer them. dish consisting of cheese, mashed potatoes, cream, butter and garlic.
a How many people came to A huge iron pot of the kind used for cooking pig food was carried in.
the fair? Three well-built young men stirred the mixture vigorously with what
b How old is the fair? looked like canoe paddles, then, to cheers from the 340 diners, they
37
c Can you name any objects announced it was ready.
made of chestnut wood? An hour later, after everyone had eaten their aligot (made from 145
d What has Michel Bras kg of potatoes, 42 kgs of cheese, 12 litres of cream and 4 kg of butter)
written? the waltzing began. It was a proper village dance where anyone was
e Can you name at least three free to invite anyone else for a spin round the floor.
ingredients of aligot?

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Part 2
Unit 3

8 Some visitors came out of curiosity while others came 13 How did Michel Bras sum up the competition?
because
A He thought the food was excellent.
A they enjoyed the trip through the country roads. B He was disappointed with the recipes.
B the chestnut fair brought back memories of the C He said he didn’t like chestnuts when he
past. was young.
C they wanted to go on a diet. D He was amazed by the high standard of
D chestnuts are healthy. the recipes.

9 Why did the smell of roasting chestnuts disappear? 14 What does “it” in line 37 refer to?
A an iron pot
A There were no chestnuts left.
B pig food
B People were selling other things.
C the atmosphere
C The heavy rainfall put the fires out.
D a local dish
D It was late in the day.

15 What was the dance like?

10 The cookery competition was for recipes which
A formal
A Michel Bras had written in his book.
B boring
B were very old.
C informal
C included chestnuts.
D confusing
D were used in the best restaurants.

11 Michel Bras

A finds ingredients for his recipes when he

goes out running.
B uses only chestnuts in his recipes.
C looks for chestnuts when he goes out running.
D invented the idea of cooking with chestnuts.

12 The village hall was packed because some people

wanted to see Bras and some wanted to
A take shelter from the rain.
B have a rest.
C learn the recipes.
D cook chestnuts.

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Part 2
Unit 3

✒ 1 Look at the following words in bold in

the text and try to explain them:
a blessing in disguise, judgement,
chestnut, soaked, highlights, panel,
region, jog, partly, sampled, mouthfuls,
puree, texture, jollier, stirred, paddles

✒ 2 Fill in the gaps with the appropriate

word(s) from the list below:
✒ 4 Fill in the appropriate idiom related to
“rain” from the list below:
cats and dogs, it never rains but it pours,
massive, mashed, literally, downpour, for a rainy day, as right as rain,
vigorously, fragrant, recipe, come rain or shine
incorporating
1 He doesn’t spend much money, he’s saving it ........
1 In spring, the air smells ..........
.................................................. .(for difficult times)
with all the flowers in bloom.
2 ....................., the cup final will be played tomorrow.
(pleasant)
(whatever the weather is like)
2 If you translate a French
3 After her check-up, Sandra’s doctor assured her that
expression ............... it will not
she was ................................... . (in perfect health)
necessarily make sense in
4 You can’t go outside now, it’s raining ..................... !
English. (word for word;
(very heavily)
exactly)
5 First I was late for work, then I had my purse stolen;
3 It started to rain, and very soon
........................................................ ! (bad things all
we were caught in a ...............
seem to happen at once)
(sudden, heavy rain)
4 Last night we had ...................
potatoes with butter for dinner.
(crushed into a soft mass)
5 I found the ................. for this
✒ 5 Choose the correct item.

pie in a cookbook. (cooking

1 The country .................. was so narrow that only
instructions)
one car could drive along it at a time.
6 The exam is divided into two
A lane B way C alley D route
parts, ............................. reading and writing. (including)
7 A ............... new hotel is being built, with twenty floors 2 When I tasted the coffee it was too ......... so I put
and two thousand rooms. (very large) some sugar in it.
8 You must stir the porridge ................ so that it doesn’t A rotten B sweet C bitter D sour
stick to the saucepan. (quickly and strongly)
3 This winter has been very .......... - it has snowed

✒
almost every day.
3 Fill in the appropriate word(s) from A harsh B cruel C strict D stern
the list. Use the word(s) only once.
4 Let’s go for a .............. in my car - the weather’s
running off to stare original lovely.
to own to make to stir A turn B curl C twist D spin
traffic to sample to consist
5 We were all ....... after getting caught in the
rainstorm.
1 .........................chaos 6 ..................the mixture
A moistened B soaked C damped D dampened
2 .................a restaurant 7 .............of cheese and
3 ..........................dishes cream 6 I went to the pharmacist to have my .......... made
up.
4 ............in amazement 8 ........................recipes
A recipe B prescription C receipt D formula
5 .....................a speech 9 .....................to his car

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Part 2
Unit 3

✒ 6 Look at the adjectives below and

decide which can be used to describe
WEATHER and which can be used to
describe ATMOSPHERE.
jolly, cloudy, light-hearted, noisy, tense
windy, rainy, frivolous, humid, freezing,
playful, exhilarating, sunny, blustery,
cheerful, roasting, colourful, nervous,
anxious

e.g. WEATHER: cloudy, ... ATMOSPHERE: jolly, ...

✒ 7 The following are different types of fair.

school fair
fun fair
wine fair antiques fair
village fair
Read the following words and match them
with the types of fair. Some words are
used more than once.
races for parents and children, fortune
tellers, auctions, donkey rides, pottery
sales, rides on a big wheel, wine tasting,
clowns performing, dancing, a fireworks
display, old furniture, selling of wine,
stands selling hot-dogs, music, old coins,
bar, stalls selling home-made jams, stamp
collections, old jewellery

◆ Read the text again and underline all the words or phrases which describe WEATHER and
ATMOSPHERE at the Chataigneraire Fair, then write a title for the text.
◆ Make notes on the text under the following headings. Then use your notes to describe the fair to
your partner.

WEATHER FOOD FOR SALE EVENTS

e.g. pouring with chestnut cakes cookery Grammar Check
rain competition
Fill in: quite, fairly, rather or pretty.
◆ Write a letter to a friend describing a fair
you have recently been to, following the 1 The house is situated in ................... a nice area.
outline below. Write 120-180 words. 2 She has got ................... a nice face.
Paragraph 1: Reason(s) for writing 3 Are you ........... sure that you’ve got your glasses?
Paragraph 2: Place, time, atmosphere, 4 The meal was .................... more expensive than
weather, people involved I had expected.
etc 5 She’s .................... tall to become a ballerina.
Paragraph 3: Description of the fair/ 6 Your essay was .................... good but I know
celebrations/arrangements you can do better.
Reference to any special 7 This exercise is .................. more difficult than
incidents the previous one.
Paragraph 4: Closing remarks 8 She’s a ................. mean person.

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Part 3
Unit 3

: Part 3
You are going to read a newspaper article about the weather. Seven
sentences have been removed from the article. Choose from the sentences
(A-H) the one which fits each gap (16-21). There is one extra sentence which
you do not need to use. There is an example at the beginning (0).

Weather from the West

by Colin Luckhurst

For many years I used to think that forecast from the Bristol Weather
the national interest in weather was as Centre. 18 There are
much a British obsession as the state other satellites, either orbiting the
of their lives was a French one, but earth or in a fixed position. Weather
I’ve realised it’s not really like that. stations, wireless operators on ships
0 C When other subjects in the Atlantic, radar - which shows
could be controversial, embarrassing exactly where the rain is - and
or too personal, the British prefer to computer modelling add to the flow
resort to unimportant observations: of information.
“Rather cold today, isn’t it?” they say.
At the Met Office we were able to look
In these damp and misty off-shore
at readings from weather stations in
islands, the weather and its
eastern Canada and the United
comparative unpredictability is quite
States. There, it was the middle of the
an inter-esting subject. 16
night. 19 We watched
Tony Targett, our regional television as the computer graphic zoomed into
weather presenter, showed me a weather station in Vermont to take a
around. He is, like other forecasters, reading of temperature, cloud cover
actually an employee of the and wind direction.
Meteorological Office. Doing the
Most of the British weather comes
televised forecast, although a high
from the west, so knowing what is
profile activity, is only part of the work
happening on the eastern seaboard
◆ Look at the pictures. What of those employed by the Met Office.
of North America will often prove
do you think the text is
A wide variety of people have a serious relevant more than 24 hours later.
going to be about?
interest in the weather and will pay for 20 But the Met Office is
◆ How many different types an early insight. It’s not just the pleased to say they are 85 per cent
of weather can you name? obvious ones like the National Rivers accurate in their forecasts.
What is your favourite type Authority, which can usefully learn
of weather? How can you I have observed that when the local
about rainfall, but the police, the
find out what the weather authorities in Boston forecast rain, it
highway authorities, the airports, and
will be like? really does rain. The reason is, of
also some less likely groups.
course, that on the coastal edge of a
Name some jobs for which 17 The power generators
populated continent, the weather
a weather forecast is and the fuel industries take advice on
important. Now listen to the systems have been recorded by
expected temperatures which dictate
text of Part 3 and list any information points for some time and
demand and, for the gas industry, the
other jobs in which the so accuracy is to be expected.
need for storage capacity. I was
weather plays an important
intrigued by the range of information 21
role.
inputs which provide the basis of the

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Part 3
Unit 3

Would you believe that supermarkets buy weather advice in order to change their window
A
displays on the basis of what will sell more?

This led me to the question of the accuracy of short-term forecasting, since it takes so long for the
B
information to become significant.

C The British use the weather as a support in conversations.

In the UK, on the other hand, the weather systems which influence us most frequently usually come
D across the Atlantic, which does have information points, but not many of them.

E Seeing these readings felt almost like eavesdropping over a silent, still-sleeping continent.

F The Weather Centre provides a computer prediction of when precisely ice will form.

G So when I was invited to visit the Bristol Weather Centre, I was pleased to accept.

H Two satellites provide on-screen information direct to PCs.

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Part 3
Unit 3

✒ 1 Look at the following words in bold in

the text and try to explain them:
observations, damp, misty, comparative,
unpredictability, regional, forecasters,
power generators, dictate, demand,
capacity, range, inputs, satellites, wireless
operators, flow, seaboard, accurate

✒ 2 Fill in the gaps with the correct

word(s) from the list below:
resort to, insight, eavesdropping, coastal,
offshore, orbiting, intrigued, controversial

1 More and more people are ......... by computers and spend all their time learning about them. (very interested)
2 Capital punishment is a very .................................................... issue worldwide at the moment. (widely debated)
3 The documentary gave an interesting ............................................... into how the Aborigines live. (detailed look)
4 The boat was anchored .............................................................................. , just outside the harbour. (out at sea)
5 Throughout the journey, they admired the picturesque ................................... villages of South Wales. (seaside)
6 When my pen ran out, I had to ............................................................................... using a pencil. (make do with)
7 The earth is continually .................................................................................................... around the sun. (circling)
8 He knew from ...................................... on their conversation that they had been talking about him. (listening in)

✒ 3 Fill in the appropriate idiom related to

weather from the list below:
weather permitting, weather-beaten,
✒ 5 Choose the correct item.

under the weather, in all weathers,

weather the storm 1 The stadium was filled to ........... - there were 35,000
people in it.
1 The old sailor’s face was ..................................... A capacity B mass C volume D capability
from all the years he had spent at sea. (aged by the
weather) 2 Today’s weather forecast wasn’t ........... ; they said it
2 The stadium can be used .......................................... would rain but it’s sunny!
because the roof can be closed when it rains. (no A exact B sharp C accurate D fine
matter what the weather is like)
3 We’ll go for a picnic on Sunday, .............................. . 3 A fortune-teller made a ........... that I would get
Let’s hope it’s sunny! (if the weather is good) married soon; I wonder if it’ll come true.
4 Together we’ll ............................................................ A prediction B forecast C foresight D guess
until things get better. (get through difficulties)
5 I didn’t go to school because I was feeling 4 Scientists have made ........... progress in finding a
......................................... . (not very well) cure for AIDS.
A weighty B significant C extreme D basic

✒1
4 Find the odd word out.

relevant - appropriate - opposite - suitable

5 Ann has a very strong ........... over her husband; he
always asks for her advice.
A direction B guidance C influence D manipulation
2 mislead - guide - cheat - deceive
3 state - appearance - condition - decision 6 Many people ........... Joe as being unfriendly, but he
4 relevant - important - significant - joyful is actually just shy.
5 observe - watch - notice - assume A understand B realise C comprehend D perceive
6 obvious - evident - correct - visible

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Part 3
Unit 3

✒ 6 Fill in the appropriate word(s) from the

local
list. Use the word(s) only once.
a wide the flow
✒ 9 Fill in with the correct word:
snow, showers, temperature, fog,
sleet, sunny, ice, sunshine
orbiting power to take
a high profile showed a populated “...Good evening,
my name is Ian Fish.
1 .........around the earth 6 ...................generators The good news
2 He............. me around 7 ..........................advice today is that the weather
3 .........variety of people 8 .........................activity will be better than
4 .....................continent 9 ...................authorities yesterday, with less rain
5 ..............of information and more 1) ......... . The
2) ............... will be a few

✒
degrees higher, but will
7 The following words are related to drop again from the
WEATHER. Decide which ones go early evening onwards,
with GOOD WEATHER and which with getting as low as 2 degrees Celcius.
BAD WEATHER. The weather tomorrow will continue to be
unsettled, with 3) ................... throughout the day.
gloomy, damp, hot, windy, There should be a few 4) ............ periods, but later in
sunshine, bright, lightning, the afternoon the showers will be replaced with
cloudless sky, stormy, snowy, heavier, more prolonged rain, which will die out later in
dark sky, gentle wind, the evening.
sunny, cloudy, blue sky, Drivers on Sunday will be hampered by thick
overcast, warm breeze 5) ............. and very poor visibility. As the temperature
e.g. GOOD WEATHER: hot, ... drops, there may also be patches of black 6) .............
BAD WEATHER: gloomy, ... on the roads, and the AA advises against travelling
unless it is absolutely necessary. Later, rain will turn to
7) ........... and possibly 8) ............... on higher ground.

✒
Have a good weekend, whatever the weather,
8 Underline the adjective which best wherever you are!”
describes the following weather nouns.

1 fine / heavy drizzle 7 strong / thick fog

2 strong / heavy shower 8 loud / thick
3 sudden / light thunderstorm ◆ How can the weather affect our moods? Do you
downpour 9 powerful / mild know any old-fashioned ways of predicting the
4 brief / unending hurricane weather?
cloudburst 10 brief / destructive ◆ Imagine you are a TV weather forecaster.
5 powerful / freezing typhoon Prepare and write the weather forecast for your
sleet 11 heavy / thin snowfall country for the coming weekend saying that the
6 violent / hard hailstorm 12 dense / light rain weather will get worse. Follow the outline below:
Greet viewers ➡ Weather description ➡ Advice ➡Salutation

Grammar Check
Fill in: be/get used to, used to, would in the appropriate form.
1 I ............................................... go ice-skating a lot, 7 You will .............................. the weather conditions
but I hardly have the time any more. after a few months.
2 He doesn’t go swimming anymore but he ........... . 8 It took me a while to ............................ the noise in
3 Spoilt children ..................... getting their own way. my new flat.
4 I should ....................... the new working conditions 9 They ............... live in the country some years ago.
quickly. 10 While staying at our grandparents’ cottage we
5 He couldn’t ......... the fact that he had lost his job. ................................ get up early and go for a long
6 As a child, she ................... ride her bike for hours. walk before having breakfast.

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Part 4
Unit 3

: Part 4
◆ Look at the five headings in You are going to read some information about inventions. For questions 22-
the text. What do you think 35, choose from the inventions (A-E). Some of the inventions may be chosen
each invention does? more than once. When more than one answer is required, these may be given
in any order. There is an example at the beginning (0).
Try to answer these T/F
statements by guessing, then
listen to the text of Part 4 and Which invention(s) might be useful for:
find out if your guesses were
correct. someone who wishes to improve their skill in
0 D
a The Stowaway is the most a particular sport?
expensive of all.
b Dental White is a gel someone who does not like to spend time
product. 22
cooking?
c The Wonder Broom is the
cheapest of all.
someone who keeps a clean and tidy home? 23
d The Golf Swing Trainer has
a one year guarantee.
e The Micromix fits all someone who is security conscious? 24
microwave ovens.
someone who is concerned about their
25
appearance?

someone who has a cat or dog? 26

someone who likes outdoor activities but

27
does not have much free time?

someone who worries about food-poisoning? 28

someone who likes to hold dinner parties? 29

someone who travels a lot? 30

someone who drinks a lot of tea? 31

someone who likes long-lasting products? 32 33

someone who has a garden? 34 35

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Part 4
Unit 3

Inventions

The hideaway safe on a coathanger A A golf driving range in your back garden D

Stowaway is a great new security idea - a fully portable travel The ingenious golf trainer lets you work on your game wherever
safe that doubles as a coathanger. Put your valuables inside, you’ve got room to swing a club - and no more broken
lock it firmly to the wardrobe rail then hang up your coat or windows, lost balls or trips to the driving range! It consists of a
jacket on it. Its main purpose is hidden by the clothes, but if a regulation size ball suspended from a hardened steel arm with
thief should take a closer look, he’ll find Stowaway is securely a virtually unbreakable nylon cord. When you drive the ball, its
locked in place. Ideal for use in hotels, sports changing rooms rotation around the arm precisely indicates the direction of the
and at home too. There is plenty of space for your passports, shot, helping you correct your aim. Every golfer should have
tickets, money, cheque book and several items of jewellery. one! The Golf Swing Trainer comes with a lifetime guarantee.
Two keys supplied. Stowaway í24.99. í37.50.

New one-step tooth whitening system B Micromix stirs while it cooks E

Developed by an American dentist and made in Britain, Dental This beautifully simple British invention stirs food while it cooks
White is the effective way to whiten stained and discoloured in the microwave. Perfect for dishes like scrambled eggs,
teeth. Unlike other products, the effect is achieved in one sauces, porridge or custard. The Micromix stirring action not
simple process. The system comes with applicator trays for only keeps the food at the right consistency but also eliminates
upper and lower teeth; when heated the trays mould to the health concerns over uneven heating. Better still, it prevents
exact shape of your teeth. Now squeeze a thin line of Whitening “hot-spots”, which reduces the likelihood of boiling over and
Gel into the tray and “bite” into it. The results can be dramatic, means you don’t need to cover the dish! Why not get on with
especially with yellow tea-stains. Complies with European something else while the Micromix does the stirring for you?
safety standards. Dental White (250g kit) í9.99. Fits all microwave ovens with a turntable.
Micromix í6.99.
The cleanest sweep of all C

Now you only need one broom to cope with every cleaning
chore, indoors or out - carpets , vinyl and wood floors, patios,
the garden and the driveway. Incredibly, the Wonder Broom will
sweep, clean and rake them all. Made of durable rubber and
fibres that are completely washable, it will even remove the
finest particles like pet hair, salt and sugar - but won’t damage
furniture or surfaces. You can use it as a mop on tiles, windows
and on the car, yet it’s also perfect for raking outdoors. And in
normal use, it will last a lifetime. This really is a cleaning
revolution! Guaranteed for 10 years. Wonder Broom í16.99.

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Part 4
Unit 3

✒ 2 Fill in the appropriate word(s) from the

✒
list. Use the word(s) only once.
1 Fill in the gaps with the correct word(s) durable the finest to stir
from the list below: scrambled to comply with to cope with
moulded, ingenious, suspended from, to indicate to take the effect
portable, raked, to swing lifetime to last to whiten
to reduce to eliminate to hang up

1 Many businessmen have ........... computers so that 1 .................... your coat 9 ..................... a lifetime
they can use them wherever they go. (easily carried) on a coathanger 10 ............... the direction
2 The gardener has .................... all the leaves off the 2 ............... a closer look of the shot
lawn. (removed) 3 ............... stained teeth 11 a ................ guarantee
3 The plan to steal the diamonds was so .................... 4 ................. is achieved 12 ............................ food
that the thieves were never caught. (very clever) 5 ......... safety standards 13 ............................ eggs
4 She was able .............. the bat and hit every ball we 6 ........................... every 14 .......................... health
threw to her. (to move forward and back) cleaning chore concerns
5 The crystal chandelier which was ........................ the 7 ......................... rubber 15 .............. the likelihood
ceiling was exceedingly beautiful. (hanging from) 8 to remove ................... of sth
6 The silk dress ............ perfectly to her body. (fitted) particles

✒ 3 The following paragraphs describe useful inventions. First fill in the missing words then
match the pictures with the texts.

1 2 3

a. durable, transmit, made b. laser, industry, digital c. microchips, carried, composed

This machine is used to copy and This invention has revolutionised the This invention is designed to be easily
1) ................. documents, so that music 1) ................. providing a clearer 1) ................. and is a perfect choice
they are received in exactly the same sound than ever before. It works using for business people who are always
form as they are sent. It is 2) ................ a(n) 2) ................. system in conjuction on the move. It is 2) ................. of a
of 3) ................ plastic and is essential with a(n) 3) ......................... and it is a plastic cover which contains thousands
for the modern-day office. What is it? reliable alternative to vinyl. What is it? of 3) .................... compressed into a
very small space. What is it?

◆ Can you think of any modern inventions ◆ Write a letter of complaint to the company of the
you couldn’t live without? “Micromix”, following the outline below.
◆ Read the text again and say which of the Write 120-180 words.
inventions is the most useful one and why?
Which is useless and why?
◆ Choose one of the inventions from the text and Para. 1: Reason(s) for writing
describe it to your partner. Let your partner Para. 2:
guess. Use the following headings to help you: Para. 3:
}Complaints with justification
It is used for ... , It is made of ... , The price is ... , Para. 4: Closing remarks
It would be used by ...

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Unit 3

PART 1 For questions 1 - 15, read the text below and decide which word A, B, C or D best fits each
space. Mark your answers in the answer boxes provided.

Tourism can have 0) ...A... a positive and a negative effect 1) .............. an area, although in many cases only the positive
effect will be obvious. In rural areas, the onset of tourism may have dramatic effects upon the local community, creating
new jobs and providing a flow of cash which most 2) ................ will be happy to take advantage 3) ................ However, the
disadvantages of tourism can be 4) ............. dramatic, with towns 5) ................ their character and becoming
overdeveloped and crowded, as well as more 6) ............ .
On a larger scale, tourism can be very beneficial 7) ........... developing countries. If tourists spend money it means that the
country can improve living 8) ............. for its citizens, as well as create new jobs. Tourists are 9) ............ the way other
people live, and leave feeling better informed about a different 10) .............. of life that they otherwise might not have had
the chance to see. Perhaps the most popular type of tourism is going 11) ............... to a warm, sunny place and lying on a
beach for two weeks. People taking this kind of holiday 12) ............. have no interest in the culture of the place they are
visiting and, as a(n)13) ................, it becomes almost like a “home from home”. Restaurants cook tourists their native food
14) ................ of local specialities, and tourists mix together rather than with locals. This can 15) ............. any character the
area may have, and the area may lose part of its valuable culture forever.

A B C D
0 A both B none C either D neither 0
1 A for B on C about D of A B C D
1
2 A tenants B occupants C lodgers D inhabitants A B C D
2
3 A for B in C of D off A B C D
3
A B C D
4 A impossibly B equally C hardly D differently 4
5 A losing B missing C finding D improving A B C D
5
6 A priceless B valuable C cheap D expensive A B C D
6
7 A from B in C at D to A B C D
7
8 A manners B areas C conditions D facts A B C D
8
9 A shown B given C offered D seen A B C D
9
10 A attitude B way C face D hint A B C D
10
11 A far B through C forward D away A B C D
11
12 A hardly B usually C nearly D never A B C D
12
13 A result B effect C reason D affect A B C D
13
14 A in spite B instead C in case D apart A B C D
14
15 A create B hurt C destroy D break A B C D
15

Fill in the correct preposition, then choose any five of them and make sentences.
(1) to account ........... sth/sb; (2) to be important ........... sth/sb; (3) to bid .......... sth; (4) to be optimistic/pessimistic ............
sth; (5) to be available ............ sth/sb; (6) to be rich ............ sth; (7) investment ............ sth; (8) concentration ............ sth;
(9) a concentration ............ sth; (10) to cope ............ sth/sb; (11) to get benefit ............ sth; (12) to have the benefit ............
sth; (13) to depend ............ sth/sb ............ sth; (14) to pack sth/sb ............ sth; (15) to be packed ............ sth/sb; (16) to
be frustrated ............ sth; (17) to stare ............ sth/sb; (18) to stare ............ amazement; (19) to consist ............ sth (=to be
composed); (20) to be interested ............ sth/sb; (21) a variety ........... sth; (22) to advise sb ........... sth; (23) to orbit ............
sth; (24) to be accurate ............ sth; (25) to be ideal ............ sth/sb; (26) to squeeze sth ............ sth; (27) to comply ............
sth; (28) to be perfect ............ sth/sb; (29) to guarantee sth ............ sth; (30) to be guaranteed ............ a period of time

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Unit 3

You will hear five people talking about different kinds of shops. For Questions
PART 3 19 - 23, choose from the list A - F the type of shop that is being described. Use
the letters only once. There is one extra letter which you do not need to use.

A Gift shop Speaker 1 19

Speaker 2 20
B Furniture store

Speaker 3 21
C Do-it-yourself store
Speaker 4 22
D Department store
Speaker 5 23

E Supermarket

F Corner shop

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Unit 3

Giving Personal Information

PART 1 ñ How long have you been studying English?
ñ Do you have a penfriend?
ñ Which country would you like to visit most?

Talking about the pictures in relation to yourself

PART 2
Look at pictures A and B.
A ñ Compare the places in the two pictures.
ñ Which place would you most like to visit and
why?
ñ What are the benefits of travelling?
ñ What are the advantages/disadvantages of
travelling alone/in a group?

B
C

Look at pictures C and D.

ñ Compare and contrast the D
scenes in the pictures.
ñ Which would you enjoy most
and why?
ñ Is either scene similar to life in
your country?
ñ How has entertainment
changed in the last 20 years?

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Unit 3

outlining advantages and disadvantages

ARGUMENTATIVE expressing opinions/providing solutions to problems
expressing arguments for and against a topic
discursive essays
ñ An argumentative composition is a piece of formal writing. There are quite a few types of argumentative compositions
such as: outlining advantages and disadvantages of the question under discussion, expressing the writer’s personal opinion
with supporting arguments, expressing for and against arguments and discursive essays.

ñ You should use a different paragraph for each point you make. Begin each paragraph with a key sentence which sums
up the point you are going to make. Give examples to support your point of view.

ñ Before starting to write your composition you should first make a plan. Here are the plans for the four types of argumentative.

Advantages / expressing opinions / For and against discursive essays

Disadvantages providing solutions

state topic state opinion/problem state topic state topic

advantages Point 1 / Suggestion 1 arguments for one point of view (e.g. scientific)

disadvantages Point 2 / Suggestion 2 arguments against another point of view (e.g. moral)

a third point of view (e.g. social)

balanced consideration/ restate opinion/best option balanced consideration give own opinion
opinion and reason

ñ One way of adding vitality to your composition is by using quotations - giving the actual words spoken or by
paraphrasing - giving the meaning of what was said. In an argumentative essay quotations are particularly useful for the
first or last sentence. For example a space exploration essay could end with “One small step for man, a giant step for
mankind”. (Students are recommended to use a dictionary of quotations.)

1 Match the quotations from the first column with the composition topics from the second column.

QUOTATIONS TOPICS
1 “The toughest thing about success is that you’ve got to a Describe the role of art in life.
keep on being a success.” b What are the problems that come with ageing and what
2 “Boxing is just show business with blood.” can be done about them?
3 “Without the past the pursued future has no meaning.” c “Beauty is only skin deep.” Do you agree?
4 “Art is much less important than life; but what a poor d What are the advantages and disadvantages of becoming
life without it!” famous?
5 “Making money is fun, but it’s pointless if you don’t use e How important is it to protect the environment? Discuss.
the power it brings.” f Stress and anxiety can lead to early death. Why is this
6 “It’s not how old you are it’s how hard you work on it.” and what can we do about it?
7 “The process of living is the process of reacting to stress.” g What is the point of learning? Discuss.
8 “In the eyes of the nature, we are just another species in h How much can knowledge of past events help us make
trouble.” decisions in the future? Discuss.
9 “In the factory we make cosmetics, in the store we sell i How does the mass media affect people’s lives? Discuss.
hope.” j Violent sports should be banned. Discuss.
10 “Television is simply automated day dreaming.” k “Power and money go hand in hand.” Discuss.
11 “Education is a progressive discovery of our own
ignorance.”

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Unit 3

2 Go through the table and say the sentences in as many ways as possible as in the example:
e.g. Although killing endangered species is illegal, people will not stop hunting them. Killing endangered
species is illegal, yet people will not stop hunting them. etc

Linking devices

To make contrasting although, yet, however, nevertheless, Killing endangered species is illegal. However,
points in spite of, but, while, despite, even if, people will not stop hunting them.
even though, at the same time

To list points firstly, in the first place, first of all, to start First of all, the government must revise the
with, secondly, thirdly, finally out-of-date environmental laws, which were
written twenty years ago.

To add more points what is more, furthermore, also, apart from Furthermore, the city should conduct
on a topic this/that, in addition to, moreover, besides, inspections of zoos.
too, not to mention the fact that

To list advantages/ one/another/one other/a further/the main The greatest advantage of regular exercise is
disadvantages /the first/the greatest advantage/disadvan- that it leads to a healthier lifestyle.
tage of...

To express personal in my opinion/view, to my mind/way of In my opinion/view department stores offer a

opinion thinking, personally I believe, it strikes me greater selection of clothes than small
that, I feel very strongly that, I am inclined to boutiques.
believe that, it seems to me that, as far as
I am concerned

To refer to other according to, with reference to According to this report, that brand of suncream
sources causes irritation to sensitive skin.

To conclude finally, lastly, above all, all in all, taking On the whole, the university offers a wide
everything into account, on the whole, range of courses and provides modern facilities.
all things considered, in conclusion,
as I have said, as was previously stated,
to sum up

To express cause because of, owing to, due to, for this Due to the harsh winter, many crops were
reason destroyed.

To express effect therefore, thus, as a result, consequently, so, As a result many people have lost their jobs.
as a consequence

To emphasise what clearly, obviously, of course, needless to Needless to say, research has proved that
you say say, in particular eating healthy foods and exercising regularly
reduce the risk of heart disease.

To express reality in fact, actually, as a matter of fact, In fact, the report states that most college
in practice, the fact of the matter is that graduates are interested in pursuing a Master’s
degree in the future.

To express difference on the face of it, at first sight, apparently At first sight, the building looked safe but
between appearance after a detailed inspection it was reported to be
and reality in need of major structural repairs.

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Unit 3

To state an argument it is popularly believed that, people often Contrary to popular belief, the teaching
against your opinion claim that, contrary to popular belief, it is a profession is in need of qualified educators.
fact that, it is often alleged that, people
argue that
To state other people’s many people are in favour of/against, Many people are in favour of/against the
opinions some people argue that, a lot of people mayor’s proposal to raise local taxes.
think/believe
To introduce the other opponents of this view say, however there Opponents of this view say that increasing
side of the argument are people/those who oppose... claim that the school year will only overwork students.

To express balance while, on the one hand, on the other hand, While working for a large company is
whereas prestigious, it can be very stressful.
To give examples for example, for instance For instance, in the past six months, retailers
have reported a 25% drop in sales of electronic
equipment.

To refer to what actually in practice, in effect In practice, consumers spend more money
happens on luxury items.

To make general as a rule, generally, in general, as a As a rule, girls get better exam results than
statements general rule, on the whole boys.

To make partly correct up to a point, to a certain extent, to some Some companies have tried to create more
statements extent, in a way, in a sense positions to some extent, considering the
high rate of unemployment.

To express limit of to the best of my knowledge, for all I know, As far as I know, residents were opposed to
knowledge as far as I know the city’s plan to build a nuclear power plant
in their area.

To rephrase that is to say, in other words In other words, they disagree with the
manager’s decision.
To bring up other points as far as ... is concerned, regarding, with As far as the community is concerned,
or aspects regard to, as for the area is in need of a new elementary
school.
To imply that nothing anyway, at any rate, in any case At any rate, a new community centre will
else needs to be said greatly benefit the people of the town.

Accepting the situation as it is, under the circumstances, things Under the circumstances, the situation
being as they are cannot be improved.

Useful Tips for Argumentatives

ñ use formal style - do not include colloquial English ñ make reference to other sources (e.g. The
ñ do not use short forms government claims that ...)
ñ write well developed paragraphs ñ give examples - not personal thoughts (e.g.products
ñ avoid strong feelings (don’t say: nobody does this, or such as aerosols can destroy the environment)
it is impossible to disagree with me) ñ do not refer blindly to statistics unless you are certain
ñ use generalisations (e.g. people say/believe/consider) of a source (don’t say: Statistics have recently
but do not use overgeneralisation (e.g. everybody shown that I am right. Which statistics?)
believes that ...) ñ abandon clichéd introductions. Write something more
ñ Do not use strong personal expressions (e.g. I think) - original (Don’t write: This topic has been important
use milder language (e.g. In my opinion, I believe etc) since ancient times. When? Too vague)
ñ use linking words (e.g. therefore, although, however etc) ñ use quotations or paraphrasing of quotations
ñ use sequencing (e.g. firstly, secondly, lastly) ñ use an advanced level of vocabulary

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Unit 3

3 Read the two models and decide which is good and which is bad. Justify your decision. Then, list the
advantages and disadvantages of computers in modern society.

MODEL 1
Computers are a major technological breakthrough of the twentieth century. Their benefits are numerous yet much can be said against
them. Clive James, an Australian critic, once said that “It is only when they go wrong that machines remind you how powerful they are”.
The main disadvantage of computers is that staring at a screen for long periods of time can be damaging to the eyes, and sitting on
a chair for hours at a time is certainly not healthy. Secondly, computers distract from social interactions such as conversation. Also,
people can be inclined to become anti-social and stay at home to use their computer. Finally, the most persuasive argument against the
use of computers is that the more jobs which are done by computers, the less are done by people.
However, the advantages of computers are numerous, such as the undeniable educational benefits, especially to children. School
subjects become more interesting when presented on a computer screen. Moreover, computers can be fun with a seemingly endless
variety of games which can be played on them. In addition, computers are valuable to any business, making life easier and
saving time by being capable of storing and retrieving vast amounts of information at the touch of a button.
Furthermore, personal gains can be seen as the use of computers increases powers of
concentration.
To sum up, there are strong arguments both for and against the use of computers. Yet,
despite the health problems, risk to jobs and lack of personal interaction, it seems that as
long as the use of computers is regulated, the benefits computers provide to education and
business are invaluable.

MODEL 2
There is no doubt that computers have made our lives easier. Business can also benefit from
using computers but there are many problems too.
It’s easy for students to learn on computers because things seem more exciting and interesting when you see them on a screen rather
than in a book. There are also lots of games you can play too and you can become so interested in them that you don’t want to do your
homework. You can also become unfriendly because you don’t want to go out. You only want to stay in your room and play with your
computer. My mum says “It’s not healthy to be sitting down all day.”
Most workplaces have computers nowadays and it does make jobs faster and easier and they’re supposed to help you with your
concentration but many computers can do the same job a person can and quicker which might mean that he loses his job. This happens
to many people.
Finally, I think computers are good because they help people a lot and statistics say that this is true.

Giving advantages and disadvantages

If the aim of your essay is to outline the advantages and disadvantages of something, you are not expected to express your
own opinion by using personal words or expressions. Start by making a general statement and then divide the advantages
and disadvantages into two separate paragraphs. To conclude, give a balanced consideration of your points. An opinion
can be expressed in a non-emotional way. e.g. it seems that ..., it can be seen that ...

OUTLINE : GIVING ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

Introduction: general statement about the topic
Main body: para 2: advantages and statements to support your point of view
para 3: disadvantages and statements to support your point of view
(Note: If you believe that the advantages outweigh the disadvantages write them in the third paragraph so
that it will be easier for you to lead the reader to the conclusion.)
Conclusion: Give a balanced consideration or give your opinion without using personal words or expressions

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Unit 3

4 Read the following composition and list the advantages and disadvantages. Then underline all the linking
words and state what these words are used for e.g. to add more points on a topic, to express effect etc.

Fame: a Blessing or a Curse?

At some point in their lives most people have daydreamed about the joys of being famous. One must wonder, however, if
being famous is an achievement or a curse - as Fred Allan said, “A celebrity is someone who works hard all his life to become
known, then wears dark glasses to avoid being recognized.”
The main advantage to fame is that it tends to go hand in hand with being rich, and despite the cliché that money cannot
buy happiness, famous people can at least be miserable in comfort.
With fame also comes adoration, meaning that famous people will always be surrounded by people who want to be with,
and be seen with them. This means that they are welcome wherever they go, surrounded by the best things in life and
protected from the bad.
However, there are drawbacks to being famous, the most obvious being a complete lack of privacy. Nowadays celebrities
are followed almost everywhere they go by photographers, and their lives are scrutinised in detail by newspapers and
magazines. Furthermore, a famous person can never be sure whether people like him for the person he is rather than his
name, which can lead to a sense of isolation.
In conclusion, as appealing as fame, wealth and adoration are, it seems that the cost to one’s personal life is just too great.

Expressing opinions
Use the introduction and conclusion to express your own personal opinion. Use phrases such as “in my opinion” and “I believe”
rather than the more emotional “I think”. Remember to include examples and reasons in order to support your opinion. You
should begin with your weakest points, if necessary grouping two or three minor points in one paragraph. The last paragraph
should contain the most powerful argument. Make sure when expressing a conflicting viewpoint to say why it is wrong.

OUTLINE : EXPRESSING OPINIONS

Introduction: State your opinion clearly without using too many personal opinion words.
Main body: para. 2 Give the first point supporting your opinion.
para. 3 Give the second point supporting your opinion.
para. 4 Give the last point supporting your opinion.
Conclusion: Re-state your opinion, using different words.

5 Read the following model and circle the linking words. Then underline the
examples given to support each point raised.
Experiments on animals should be banned. Do you agree? Write a composition
for your teacher.

The subject of animal testing is very controversial. In my opinion, animal testing should
not be banned for a number of reasons.
The first reason for supporting animal testing is that many products must be tested on
animals to ensure that they are safe for use by humans. For example, diabetics would not
be able to inject insulin to control their diabetes had it not been developed by testing it on
animals.
Moreover, the effects of certain chemicals such as insecticides can be observed on
animals and their offspring and results are achieved faster since animals have a shorter
life span than humans and the ability to multiply easily.
The final and most important point in favour of animal testing is that it is aimed at finding
cures for diseases such as cancer. Most of these tests cannot be done in any other way.
Forty years ago polio was a common calamity amongst children. Animal testing led to the discovery of a vaccine and now
this disease is very rare in developed countries. While some animals undoubtedly suffer, the end justifies the means.
Contrary to popular belief, laboratory animals are not ill-treated and their suffering is kept to a minimum. As already stated,
I am in favour of animal testing, provided that it is conducted under strict conditions and that there is no alternative.

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Unit 3

Providing Solutions to Problems

After stating the problem and why it arose, mention that there are also several possible solutions. Discuss each suggestion
in turn and include any expected results or consequences. Use the concluding paragraph to decide which option will give
the best results and explain why this is the case.

OUTLINE: PROVIDING SOLUTIONS/SUGGESTIONS TO PROBLEMS

Introduction: State the problem, the main reasons for the problem and that there are several solutions to it.
Main body: para. 2 Your first suggestion and why it would be a good idea.
para. 3 Your second suggestion and why it would be a good idea.
Conclusion: Conclude the essay by summarising your opinion – give your final suggestion and explain why it would
be a good idea.

6 Read the model and point out how each suggestion is justified.
“Violent crime is currently on the increase. Why is this and what can
be done about it?” Write a composition for your teacher.

Violent crime has increased as a result of greater accessibility to weapons,

combined with the fact that large numbers of young people are unemployed, with
very few prospects of finding a job. In my opinion there are several solutions to the
problem.
An effective solution is for the government to have greater control over guns
and other dangerous weapons. Therefore, new laws should be passed to restrict
citizens from owning fire arms.
Another suggestion is to help young people find work. The problem of
unemployment could be helped if the government created jobs and work
programmes for young people.
An important part of deterring young people from violent crime is better
education. If taught that violence is not the answer to their problems, young people
would be less likely to turn to crime.
To sum up, perhaps the best solution to the problem of violent crime is better,
more vigilant policing, which will ensure that more criminals are caught. The
importance of this was emphasised by the Earl of Arran when he said “It’s not the people in prison who worry me. It’s the
people who aren’t.” Creating longer prison sentences for convicted criminals would also deter most would-be offenders
from committing a violent crime.

Expressing Arguments For and Against a Topic

When you are giving arguments for and against a topic you should present both views in a fair way. Discuss them in equal
details and show no bias. Do not give your own opinion but end with a well-balanced consideration of the points discussed.

OUTLINE: EXPRESSING ARGUMENTS FOR AND AGAINST A TOPIC

Introduction: Introduce the subject of the essay. State why it is an important issue at the present time.
Main body: para. 2 Give the arguments in favour of the statement.
para. 3 Give the arguments against the statement.
Conclusion: Conclude by giving a well-balanced consideration.

7 Read the model and give the arguments for and against it. Then underline the linking words.
“Technological and scientific advancements are necessary for society.” Write a composition for your
teacher discussing this statement.

Moving towards the 21st century, technological advancement has become a focus of today’s society. Technology has
entered the lives of even the poorest members of society, and it is very rare to find anyone who does not have some form of
modern technology, such as a TV or a food processor, in their home.

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Unit 3

There are many things to be said in favour of technological advancement, the most obvious being that it undoubtedly makes people’s
lives easier. Without the benefits that technology brings, the world would be a much harder place to live in. For example, how would any
business operate without faxes, photocopiers or telephones?
On the other hand, technology also has the potential to destroy everything at the touch of a button - a point eloquently made by Quentin
Reynolds when he said, “The scientists split the atom; now the atom is splitting us”. The danger of technological advancement is that
machines will completely replace humans, leaving fewer jobs and reducing human contact in everyday life, which cannot be a good thing
for society.
In conclusion, although technology has the potential to provide a better quality of life for everyone, it is also capable of destroying
everything within a very short space of time. As such it should be developed with caution and should never be allowed to take the place of
human contact, because this is what ultimately holds a society together.

Discursive Essays
In a discursive essay discuss the subject as broadly as possible without losing direction or flow. Take different viewpoints
and discuss them together with the opposite opinion. Include some of the following aspects: moral, personal, scientific, political,
geographical, social, historical, religious, economical, artistic.
Discussion Clock
OUTLINE: DISCURSIVE ESSAY
Psychological
Introduction: Make a general statement about the topic.
Main body: Write various points of view in separate Personal Religious
paragraphs. In each paragraph you should
include the opposite point of view. Geographical Scientific
Conclusion: Conclude by giving your own opinion on Historical Discursive Artistic
the subject. essays
Moral Economic
8 Read the model and the discussion clock to find which
Political Educational
aspects are included in the composition. Then underline
the opposite points of view. Finally, think of any other Social
aspects about sport.

The Importance of Sport

Sport is an important part of today’s society and plays a large role in many people’s lives. Now
more than ever, sport events dominate headlines and athletes have become national heroes. The
question is, does sport merit this kind of interest and attention?
From a social standpoint, sport plays a positive role in uniting people from different social
backgrounds in support of their favourite team. This can aid people’s understanding and tolerance of
each other. However, just as sport unites people so it can divide them, as is often demonstrated by
crowd violence at football matches.
As far as education is concerned, sport is an important part of every child’s schooling, as it plays
a big role in both their physical and mental development. It teaches children how to work as part of a
team and cooperate with others, while at the same time improving physical condition. The only
drawback to this is that children who are less able to perform well in sport are likely to feel inadequate
in comparison to their more gifted classmates, which may affect their self-confidence.
From an economic point of view, sport can be very profitable, as it attracts a lot of sponsorship and
advertising. On the one hand this creates revenue for the sporting industry which allows for
improvement and expansion. On the other hand large sums of money are often paid to event
organisers to promote products such as cigarettes, which are harmful to one’s health.
In my opinion, sport should be used as much as possible to encourage people to lead a more
healthy and peaceful life instead of being used to promote unhealthy products.

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Unit 3

First and Last Paragraph Techniques

ñ In order to grab the reader’s attention and make them want to continue reading, the first paragraph should:
▲ state a strong, firm opinion e.g. There is no doubt that women are more intelligent than men ...
▲ make reference to a strange scene or situation e.g. The sight of hundreds of flying fish ...
▲ address the reader directly e.g. Have you ever considered ...?
▲ start with a quotation or rhetorical question (question which expects no answer) e.g. Is all this worth the lack of privacy?
▲ start with a problem that needs a solution e.g. More and more species are becoming extinct ...

ñ The last paragraph should:

▲ state a personal opinion e.g. I believe ..., It seems that ▲ summarise the article e.g. To conclude ...
▲ give the reader something to consider e.g. Things ▲ end with a quotation or a rhetorical question e.g. “All’s
would be different if ... fair in love and war.” “To be or not to be?”

9 Match the first paragraphs in column A with the last paragraphs in column B. Which techniques are used
for the first/last paragraphs? Which outlines should be used for each topic? Write a title for each topic.

First paragraphs Last paragraphs

1 Increased drug use among young people today is a a To conclude, it seems that the only way to improve the
problem that must be tackled by society if it is to be quality of our surroundings is to work together to
prevented from causing more damage than it already protect the environment. Unless this is done, many
has. cities and towns will have become uninhabitable within
2 There can be no doubt that television is the sole cause the next fifty years.
of the breakdown of modern society and that it has b If something is not done soon, an alarming increase in
absolutely no beneficial effect upon a child’s the number of young drug users is inevitable, which
development. will undoubtedly have a harmful effect upon society as
3 What can be done to protect our cities from a whole.
environmental pollution? Over the past decade our c The negative role that television plays in the
cities and towns have become more polluted than ever development of a child can be summed up with a
and this is a trend that looks set to continue. quotation from George Mikes, who said “Television is of
4 Have you ever considered emigrating to another great educational value. It teaches you while still young
country with a warmer climate where it hardly ever how to a) kill, b) rob, c) embezzle, d) shoot, e) poison.”
rains? This tempting prospect has been on many d On balance, it must be said that although moving
people’s minds this winter as we face endless, cold, abroad sounds like an end to all our problems, it often
damp days stuck indoors. is not. In many cases it can be far more difficult than
living in Britain, mainly due to the fact that it involves
taking on a whole new culture and way of life.

1 0 Go through the following questions and identify what kind of argumentative each is. Discuss the plan of
each then write all four of them. Write in the appropriate style using 120-180 words.

1 Your parents are considering leaving the town where they live and moving to
the countryside. You are not sure whether you are happy with this idea. Write
a composition outlining the advantages and disadvantages of living in the
countryside.
2 Your teacher has asked you to write a composition about the importance of
tourism. Write a composition on this subject.
3 Cars should be banned in city centres. Do you agree? Write a composition for
your teacher.
4 Your teacher has asked you to write a composition on the question “What
can we do to protect animals from becoming extinct?” Write a composition
on this subject.

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Unit 4

◆ Think of as many words

as possible related to the
theme “Woodlands”.

◆ Why are trees important?

In what way are forests
damaged? What can be
done to prevent damage
being done to the
environment?

Try to answer the following

questions by guessing, then
listen to the text of Part 1 and
find out if your guesses were
correct.
a What is happening to
Europe’s trees?
b What are the causes of : Part 1
this environmental
problem? You are going to read a newspaper article about environmental damage to
c What will happen if forests Europe’s forests. Choose from the list (A-H) the sentence which best
continue to be damaged? summarises each part (1-6) of the article. There is one extra sentence which
d What is the European you do not need to use. There is an example at the beginning (0).
Parliament going to do
about the problem?

A More research is needed to find out the reasons for tree damage.

B The situation in Europe may soon get better.

C Environmental damage is threatening certain European industries.

D Planting more trees is only part of the solution.

E Threatened trees need European protection.

F Europe’s trees have been harmed in a variety of ways.

The forestry industry has acted more quickly than European
G governments.
Europe should pay more attention to its own environmental
H problems.

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Part 1
Unit 4

Europe’s Trees in Danger

0 E 4

Forestry experts have called on the “Less than one per cent of our ancient
European Union to use its powers in forests remain,” he added. “If this is
order to protect the continent’s allowed to continue, the damage to
woodlands. This follows the publication our forest systems will result in a
of a recent report showing that one reduction in water quality and will
quarter of Europe’s trees showed signs cause a crisis in the fishing, tourist
of severe damage. The experts are and timber industries, as well as
asking for wide-ranging action as it threatening the ecological balance in
now seems clear that Europe’s forests Europe”.
are reaching crisis point.
5
1
Nigel Dudley, a specialist forestry
The study examined trees across the adviser, says that the forestry industry
whole of Europe and found that they has made substantial progress in
were being damaged throughout the organising a programme of forest
continent. Twenty-six per cent of management, but in his opinion
Europe’s trees had lost significant European governments have not
numbers of leaves, while more than been acting quickly enough. Dudley
ten per cent showed signs of believes that there is a need for further
discoloration. European action on commitments
made at the Rio Earth Summit in 1992.
2
6
The report also put forward factors
such as air pollution and climate Next month the WWF will be reporting
change as causes of this environmental on how well governments around the
problem. Responding to the report, world have kept their Rio summit
however, a European spokesman said promises. Most governments are
it was too early to be certain about expected to get poor reports. The
what was causing the widespread situation in Europe may, however, be
damage. The European Commission has about to improve as the European
now begun a more detailed 20-year Parliament is to begin investigating
study which will hopefully produce forest protection and may ask for new
clearer answers. safeguards to protect the health of
Europe’s trees.
3

Francis O’Sullivan, senior forestry

officer at the World Wildlife Fund for
Nature (WWF), pointed out: “While
Europe is quick to condemn tropical
countries over their forestry policies,
it has been ignoring the crisis in its
own backyard. Europe now has fewer
forests than any other continent
except Antarctica, and has less
protected woodland than any other
region in the world.”

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Unit 4

✒ 1 Look at the following words in bold in

the text and try to explain them:
continent, factors, widespread, forestry,
ignoring, timber, ecological balance,
substantial, safeguards

✒ 2 Fill in the gaps with the correct

word(s) from the list below:
condemned, commitments, put forward,
experts, reductions, discoloration,
wide-ranging, responded, backyard,
woodland

1 The residents were opposed to the construction of a nuclear power station in their ................................. . (area)
2 To be a successful manager you need to have ...................................................................... experience. (varied)
3 The ........................................................ on the hill is home to numerous birds and animals. (tree covered area)
4 When asked, Jane is always ready to .................................................................................. good ideas. (suggest)
5 To avoid ................................................. wash light and dark coloured clothes separately. (spoiling the colour)
6 The President said that he ............................................. the practices of military regimes. (found unacceptable)
7 Educational .............................................................. are trying to improve the standards in schools. (specialists)
8 My holiday had to be cancelled because of work ............................................................................ . (obligations)
9 There are special ticket .................................................................................................... for students. (discounts)
10 The government ............................................... positively to the demand for new anti-pollution laws. (answered)

✒ 3 Fill in the correct word derived from

the words in brackets. ✒ 5 Choose the correct item.

World’s Wildlife in Danger

1) ................... (conserve) are very 1 Zoologists work hard to ................ endangered
concerned about the ever-growing species.
number of 2) ......... (danger) species A protect B shelter C cover D support
in the world. 3) ............................
(environment) problems such as freak 2 Greenpeace is going to release a(n) .............. on
weather conditions, fire and acid rain water pollution.
are resulting in the 4) ................... A edition B issue C publicity D report
(destroy) of vast areas of woodland
and forest. These areas are home to 3 The tropical ............. of Africa need to be protected
large numbers of animals and, as the from destruction.
land is vital to their 5) ................ A regions B states C places D sites
(survive), this is having 6) .................
(alarm) effects. 7) ............... (ecology) 4 To improve the ............... of the water, use a water
advocate the use of ozone-friendly purification tablet.
products and, of course, recycling to A standard B amount C quantity D quality
achieve a 8) ...................... (reduce) in
environmental damage. Safari parks have also been 5 Acid rain has caused a lot of ............ to Europe’s
established in an attempt to give 9) .......................... trees.
(protect) to animals from big-game hunters. Numbers are A wreck B ruin C damage D disaster
slowly beginning to increase and will 10) ........................
(hope) continue to do so in the future. 6 Five world leaders are due to attend the ............
meeting in London.

✒ 4 Why is wildlife under threat according to

the text above? List all the reasons.
A tip B top C summit D peak

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Part 1
Unit 4

✒ 6 Fill in the appropriate word(s) from

the list. Use the word(s) only once.
to produce tropical ecological
3 The policemen called for ............................................
when they spotted a house being burgled.
(reinforcements)
4 Your work ....................................................................
detailed severe there is a need
improvement; keep it up! (has evidence of)
to reach substantial forestry
5 Deaf people communicate by using ..........................
1 .......................damage 5 ..........................officer ........................... (hand movements and gestures)
2 ...................crisis point 6 .......................balance 6 The fishing industry is the ..........................................
of the island’s economy. (most essential element)
3 a(n) ................... study 7 ......................progress
4 .........................clearer 8 .....................for action
answers 9 .....................countries

✒ 7 Fill in the appropriate idiom from the

list below:
backup, backbreaking, backbone,
sign of the times, shows signs of,
sign language
1 The ever increasing crime rate is a.............................
................. . (typical characteristic of the present)
2 Picking strawberries in the summer heat can be
...................................work. (physically exhausting)

Grammar Check
◆ Imagine you are
Francis O’Sullivan. Underline the correct item.
What would you suggest
in order to improve the 1 My boss wants me to work even / very harder.
situation? 2 The manager was very / much pleased with the
e.g. reforestation, ... sales figures.
◆ Read the text again 3 His parents were not much / very happy when
and give a brief he decided to join the army.
summary of what you 4 The wind is much / too strong for sailing today.
have read, using the 5 He was much / very annoyed when I crashed
following headings: his car.
Dangers that forests are 6 The police officer suddenly began to look
facing - Consequences much / very more serious.
of damaging the woodlands - Action being taken 7 The spectators were more / most pleased with
by the European Community their team’s win.
8 They’ll give us farther / further details as soon
◆ An international environmental magazine is as they receive them.
investigating the question: Pollution levels are 9 Pam drove very / much quickly down the lane.
increasing at an alarming rate. Why is this 10 The journey was far / most longer than we had
and what can be done about it? expected.
Write an article for this magazine, following the 11 We need further / farther information on the
outline below. Write 120-180 words. project.
Para. 1: Mention different forms of pollution, the 12 The shop assistant was even / most helpful.
reasons for them and possible solutions. 13 It’s a bit / too warmer today than yesterday.
Para. 2: Analyse first suggestion and justify it. 14 Can you drive very / any faster, please? I’m in a
Para. 3: Analyse second suggestion and justify it. hurry.
Para. 4: Analyse third suggestion and justify it.
Para. 5: Conclude the article by summarising your opinion.

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Part 2
Unit 4

: Part 2
◆ Think of as many words as You are going to read an extract from a short story. For questions
possible related to the 7-13 choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best
theme “Birds”. according to the text.
◆ Look at the pictures. What
kind of bird is it? Describe it
to your partner. Half a mile from home, at the far edge of the woods where the land
was highest, a great pine tree stood. The top of this ancient tree
Listen to the text of Part 2 and towered above all the others and made it visible for miles and miles.
answer the questions. Sylvia had always believed that whoever climbed to the top of it could
see the ocean. Now she thought of the tree with a new excitement.
a Why does Sylvia go to the
Why, if she climbed at dawn, would she not be able to see the whole
woods?
world, and discover where the white heron flew, and find its hidden
b What kind of bird is Sylvia
nest?
looking for?
c Does Sylvia finally climb What an adventure! As she lay awake in her bed, she thought of
the pine tree? the glory and triumph of telling everyone the secret of where the
d How does she feel when heron hid. Sylvia knew her mother and her guest were fast asleep, so
she finds the bird? she crept out of the house and followed the path through the woods.
The air was filled with the sleepy songs of half-awakened birds.
There was the huge tree, seeming to sleep in the fading moonlight.
Sylvia bravely began to climb, the blood racing through her veins, her
bare hands and feet gripping the bark. First
she had to climb the oak tree that grew
alongside. Sylvia felt her way easily. She had
often climbed there before, and knew that
higher up one of the oak’s upper branches
rubbed against the pine trunk. When she 21
reached it, the way was harder than she had
thought. The sharp twigs scratched her, and
the sticky pine sap made her little fingers
clumsy and stiff.

The tree seemed to grow taller as she

climbed, and she began to doubt if she could
reach her goal before dawn. But Sylvia
passed the last thorny branch, her face
shining with triumph as she stood at the very
top, weak and shaking with exhaustion.

There was the sea, dazzling in the first

morning light. Two hawks flew east, so far
below her she felt she, too, might fly away
among the clouds. The birds sang louder and
louder until the sun came up.

This beauty almost overwhelmed little

Sylvia, but she did not forget her mission.
Where was the white heron? She looked down
to the green marsh where she had seen him before. There he was,
rising and sweeping towards the great pine tree. He landed, and Sylvia
froze as she watched the heron, perched two branches below, calling
to his mate, cleaning his feathers for the new day.

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Part 2
Unit 4

7 Where was the pine tree located? 13 What did the bird do when he
reached the tree?
A at the bottom of a hill
B next to Sylvia’s house A He sat down next to her.
C at a high point near Sylvia’s house B He shouted for help.
D in the middle of a forest C He settled on a lower branch.
D He flew past her.

8 What made the pine tree so special to Sylvia?

A It was Sylvia’s hiding place.

B Sylvia had built a tree house in it.
C Sylvia was fascinated by its height.
D Sylvia dreamt of it every night.

9 Why did Sylvia decide to climb the pine tree?

A Because it seemed an easy thing to do.

B Because she had climbed it before.
C Because it was next to an oak tree she
used to climb.
D Because she wanted to know where the
white bird hid.

10 What does “it” in line 21 refer to?

A The oak tree.

B The pine tree.
C The bird’s nest.
D The bird.

11 How did she feel while climbing the pine tree?

A She thought she might never make it in time.

B She thought of giving up because she was hurt.
C She felt disgusted because of the sap.
D She was terrified of falling.

12 How did she feel when she reached the top?

A She was so frightened of falling that her body shook.

B She was delighted but felt very tired.
C She was delighted, but disappointed that
the bird’s nest was not there.
D She was so delighted that she did not feel tired.

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Part 2
Unit 4

✒ 1 Look at the following words in bold in

the text and try to explain them:
pine tree, excitement, heron, nest,
adventure, glory, triumph, fading, bark,
oak tree, twigs, sticky, thorny, hawks,
overwhelmed, sweeping, mate
✒ 3 Choose the correct item.

1 Athens is famous for its ......... archaeological sites.

✒ 2 Fill in the gaps with the appropriate

word(s) from the list below:
stiff, dawn, edge, clumsy, bravely,
A antique B ancient C old D old-fashioned

2 We finally ......... London after an exhausting

three-hour flight.
dazzling, path, exhaustion, weak, visible
A arrived B appeared C reached D went
1 By the time he
reached the 3 The cows ate the wet grass in the ......... beside the
mountain peak the river.
climber was too ..... A marsh B swamp C puddle D moorland
................................
............ to move. 4 When we saw the ghost, we ......... in fright.
(lacking in energy) A cooled off B chilled C froze D dampened
2 After the marathon,
the runner collapsed 5 The canary was ......... on the branch singing a song.
with ..................... . A swung B swayed C laid D perched
(great tiredness)
3 Whenever I sleep 6 The athlete was ......... with anger because he was
without a pillow, my unfairly disqualified from the race.
neck is ......... in the A shaking B shivering C shuddering D moving
morning.
(difficult to move) 7 I must have been ......... when you called - I didn’t hear
4 We had to get up at the phone.
........................... to A sleepy B asleep C slept D awake
catch the first bus.
(daybreak) 8 Tommy’s mum ......... his hand tightly so he wouldn’t
5 The actress gave get lost in the crowd.
the photographer A held on B tackled C clung D gripped
a(n) ........................
smile. (sparkling,
bright)
6 The waiter was so
✒ 4 Fill in the appropriate word(s) from
the list. Use the word(s) only once.
................................ to shine to grow towered above
that he dropped a to fly fast fading
bowl of soup over the customer. (awkward in to feel to creep out to reach
movement) to shake with air was blood racing
7 The church was built on the .....................................
of the village. (outer part) 1 The tree ..................... 6 .......through her veins
8 You should wear bright colours when cycling in all the others. 7 ........................my way
order to be .................................................................
(easily seen) 2 to be ................ asleep 8 ............................taller
9 It was difficult to walk along the ............................... 3 ................of the house 9 .......................my goal
because it was overgrown with weeds. (small road, 4 The ............................ 10 ................with triumph
track) filled with songs 11 ..................exhaustion
10 The firemen ...................................... tried to put out
the fire. (courageously) 5 ....................moonlight 12 .............................east

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Unit 4

✒ 5 Fill in the gaps with the correct word from the list:
branches
bark
twig
trunk
roots
leaves

I loved the old oak tree in our garden, especially the sound of the
1) ................... rustling in the breeze. I remember standing, pressed against the
2) ..................., trying to embrace the huge 3) ..................., but not being able to.
Once while climbing it, a 4) ................... snapped off beneath my feet, but luckily
I wasn’t hurt. We used to love swinging on the 5) ................... . When I was a
child, I used to imagine that the 6) ................... reached right down to Australia.

✒ 6 Fill in the gaps with the correct word from the list:
cage
peck
claws
beak
feathers
wings

My aunt Mary has a beautiful parrot called Percy. He has brightly coloured
1) .................... and sharp 2) ................... . When you open the door of his golden
3) ................... , he comes out, spreads his 4) ................... and flies round the
room. You have to be careful not to put your fingers too near him because he may
5) ................... at them. Percy enjoys eating sunflower seeds with his hooked
6) ..................... , and wakes my aunt up every morning with his continuous
squawking.

Grammar Check
◆ Read the text again and write down all the words
which describe how Sylvia feels, then think of a
possible title for the text. Fill in the appropriate comparative or superlative
forms.
◆ Look at the picture and make up a story of
120 - 180 words, following the outline below. I think that the north of Scotland is one of
Your story must begin with the following words: 1) .................... (beautiful) places I’ve ever been to.
The last thing Julie expected to see on her doorstep The water in the lochs is 2) .................... (clear) I’ve
on such a cold, wet evening was ... ever seen and I believe that it must be the
3) .................... (picturesque) area in the world.
Para. 1: Set the scene Northern Scotland has 4) ........................ (majestic)
describing mountains in Britain and it’s 5) ...........................
atmosphere, (green) than anywhere else
feelings, and I’ve been to. The mysterious
reactions of question of whether or not the
the characters “Loch Ness Monster” exists,
involved. makes it all 6) ......................
Para. 2: Describe (interesting).
incident(s) I certainly can’t think of
leading to anywhere else 7) .....................
the main (good) to go for a relaxing
event(s). break than bonny Scotland.
Para. 3: Give detailed
description of
the main event(s), mention any funny or unexpected
incidents.
Para. 4: End the story referring to consequences,
moods, feelings and reactions.

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Unit 4

: Part 3
You are going to read a magazine article about ocean exploration. Eight
paragraphs have been removed from the article. Choose from the paragraphs
(A-I) the one which fits each gap (14-20). There is one extra paragraph which
you do not need to use. There is an example at the beginning (0).

Ocean Exploration

Although there has always been great There would be a chance to record
interest in what mysteries the oceans the chemical and geological changes,
hold, it has only been in recent as well as the renewal of plant and
decades that modern technology has animal life. They’d come to this
enabled scientists to start exploring particular spot because cameras had
the ocean floor. As recently as the spotted an area that was rising rapidly.
1960’s, scientists made developments There’d also been an increase in active
in sounding and in recording what hot springs. The rising area suggested
happened beneath the sea. there might be an eruption, and that is
0 H exactly what happened in 1991.
Many nations took part in efforts to 17
develop new ways of discovering the During the first dive (April 1991) it was
secrets of the oceans. They were obvious there’d just been a volcanic
interested in exploiting areas eruption. Fresh lava lay on the sea
containing rich mineral deposits as bed, which was discovered to have
well as documenting the wide variety been less than 2 weeks old. It seemed
of life forms found in the depths. They they had missed the explosion. There
were also interested in investigating was a huge hole in the sea bed.
the earth’s structure. The first step Nothing was left alive.
was to make maps of the ocean floor. 18
14 The scientists dropped a marker so
The sea bed is covered in mountain they could return to the spot and
ranges, plains and valleys and can be check the progress of the area. At this
◆ Look at the pictures. What hazardous for submarine vehicles. same spot just 21 months later, giant
do you think these people But detailed knowledge of the floor of tube worms had grown to a length of
are doing? What secrets the seas and oceans was also four feet. More discoveries were in
could be hidden beneath needed for a proper understanding of store for the divers, though. Mineral
the oceans? the constant movement of the earth’s chimneys allow fluid and steam to
surface, such as the creation of new escape from the lava.
Read the following questions, mountain ranges and the eruption of 19
then listen to the text of Part 3 volcanoes. Such an eruption was To do this, they took samples of
and answer them. recently witnessed by the crew of the water and minerals from the
a Why do scientists need Alvin, a unique type of submarine. chimneys for analysis. Due to the
maps of the sea bed? 15 heat caused by the eruption they put
b What made the crew of the The cold sea water had hardened the thermometers into the chimneys to
Alvin realise they had lava. Other flows had broken into discover the temperature of the sea
arrived in the middle of a what looked like black glass, and hot water.
volcanic eruption? fluids were bursting from the sea 20
c When they returned to the floor. The temperature outside the As they chanced to be in the right
same spot 21 months later, Alvin began to rise and the crew place at the right time, exciting
what did they find? realised they had arrived in the middle discoveries have been made to help
d Why did they put of a volcanic eruption. us understand the mysteries of the
thermometers into the
16 deep.
mineral chimneys?
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Unit 4

Although they saw no movement of lava, they knew they had stumbled on a unique opportunity. On
A return visits they could collect new data on the changes taking place.
The reason for mapping the sea bed was to aid submarines, like the Alvin, which are nowadays able to
B descend to great depths. The maps enable scientists to guide these submarines to prevent them from
having accidents.
A year later, in March, 1992, a white mat of bacteria had covered the lava. This bacteria had attracted an
C army of crabs which were feeding off it, and plants had begun to appear.
At this depth seawater won’t boil until it reaches 730Æ Farenheit. In one of the chimneys they took the
D temperature of the water and it was 757Æ F. This is one of the hottest temperatures ever recorded on the
seafloor.
In April, 1991, after a one and a half hour descent to the bed of the Pacific Ocean, the crew of the Alvin
E did not see the sea life they expected. Instead they saw a scene of catastrophe. Fresh lava from a volcano
had destroyed everything.
F This, though, was the first time scientists had been able to witness the growth of these chimneys from
birth and watch the development of an underwater “plumbing” system.

G Immediately after the eruption all kinds of animal life swarmed to the area in the hope of finding large
quantities of food. This was the scene the divers witnessed when they arrived.

H But they had to rely on irregular reports from ships that were on the surface of the water. The data that
was collected was unreliable, so new methods of reaching the ocean floor had to be developed.

I Since then scientists have returned twice, in March, 1992 and December, 1993. In the three years since
the explosion there has been rapid change on the seabed.

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✒ 1 Fill in the gaps with the appropriate

word(s) from the list below:
renewal, constant, eruption, rapidly,
samples, exploiting, fluids, deposits,
unique, hazardous

1 After the volcanic ................. , people fled from the

boiling lava. (explosion)
2 Mountain climbing can be a(n) .................... hobby.

✒
(dangerous)
3 Saudi Arabia is rich due to its many oil .................. . 3 Fill in the appropriate word(s) from the
(reserves, resources) list. Use the word(s) only once.
4 The river banks were worn away by the ................... ocean to take submarine
flow of water. (continuous) hot mat to set up
5 He became rich by ..................................... the gold volcanic mineral geological
mine. (extracting resources from)
6 His .................... strength meant he could do things 1 ..................samples of 5 .......................eruption
others only dreamed about. (one-of-a-kind) 2 .....................chimneys 6 .........................vehicle
7 Drink water in the morning to replace lost body 3 ......................changes 7 .............................floor
................................................................... . (liquids) 4 ................a worldwide 8 ...................of bacteria
8 After a forest fire, the ..................... of the woodland project 9 ........................springs

✒
occurs surprisingly quickly. (recovery)
9 The water level rose ................... and soon the river 4 Choose the correct item.
burst its banks. (quickly)
10 The scientist collected .......................... of plants for
1 Her eyesight is weak, but her glasses ..... her to read.
analysis in his lab. (specimens)
A encourage B enable C empower D entitle

✒
a.
2 Fill in the appropriate idiom:

in uncharted waters, water under the bridge, in

2 Despite great ......... , we lost the race.
A effort B attempt C try
3 During the voyage, food supplies ran out and the
D trial

deep water, go through fire and water ......... nearly starved.

1 After the argument they didn’t talk for months. But it’s A band B gang C team D crew
.............................. now, and they are friends again. 4 The hurricane was a(n) ......... , in which many lives
(all in the past) were lost.
2 I would .........to win that competition. (do anything) A massacre C catastrophe
3 Space exploration has progressed rapidly, but we B holocaust D destruction
are still .................... . (dealing with the unknown)
4 The mountain climber knew he was ......................... 5 Please wipe your shoes on the ......... before entering.
when the rope broke. (in trouble) A mat C rug
B carpet D mattress
b. plenty more fish in the sea, off to sea, high
seas, all at sea 6 The river ran down the mountain into the ......... .
A area C valley
1 It was the first time she had seen him since he went B plain D meadow
............................................. . (off to join the navy)
2 He was an intelligent student, but in maths lessons 7 As we ........... from the top of the mountain, the air
he was ................................................. . (confused) became warmer.
3 The storm was terrifying, but the crew had sailed in A subsided C ascended
..........................................before, so they were safe. B sunk D descended
(rough water conditions) 8 When the wax cooled, it ......... again.
4 They say there are ........, but I know she is the only A strengthened C tightened
one for me. (lots of other opportunities available) B hardened D toughened

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✒ 5 Fill in the correct word derived from

the words in brackets. ✒ 6 Fill in the gaps with the appropriate
word related to natural disasters.
forest fire, earthquake, drought, tidal
waves, famine, flood

1 Many people went

without water for days
during the .................... .
The Arctic 2 .......................................
often occurs in hot
Exploration countries, where it is
difficult to grow food
because there is no rain.
3 In a(n) ...........................
you should leave your
The eminent 1) .............. (explore), Dr Brian Cawthorpe, house in case it
leaves today for what is 2) ................. (probable) his most collapses.
3) .................. (dare) expedition to date. He will be 4 The ................................
attempting to cross the North Pole on foot and is the first was so severe that
man to attempt this solo. After months of 4) .................. whole houses were
(continue) training and 5) ..................... (prepare), Dr washed away.
Cawthorpe is in peak condition and is said to be “optimistic” 5 When he saw the glow
about his chances of survival in one of the most hostile in the hills, Jim phoned the police to report a(n)
environments known to man. .................................... .
Although most of Dr Cawthorpe’s 6) ........................ 6 ........................................ have been known to crash
(equip) will be pulled on a sled by a team of six huskies, over coastal towns, destroying them completely.
he will be carrying several kilos of 7) ........................
(provide) himself in a rucksack. Dr Cawthorpe’s only
contact with the outside world will be by way of a long
wave radio and although his progress will be 8) ..................
(close) monitored by a team of doctors, 9) ...................... Grammar Check
(ultimate) this expedition will be a battle between Dr
Cawthorpe and the 10) ..................... (notorious) harsh Put the verbs in brackets into the -ing form or
Arctic conditions. Hopefully he will be tough enough to the infinitive.
survive.
1 Don’t forget ........................... (turn) off the light
when you leave.
2 I’ll never forget .................... (eat) Chinese food
for the first time.
3 I can’t even remember .......................................
(see) this document before.
◆ Why do people feel the need to explore oceans, 4 Ann went on .................. (do) the cleaning after
space etc? finishing the cooking.
◆ Read the text again and list all the reasons that 5 She avoided ........................ (mention) that she
scientists explore oceans. had lost her job because she didn’t want to
upset her parents.
◆ Read the headings below and summarise the 6 We regret ............. (inform) all passengers that
text of Part 4. the 10:15 flight to Rome has been cancelled.
7 He regrets .......... (eat) all the cakes so quickly.
1. What recent technological developments 8 They stopped the meeting .................................
have enabled scientists to do. (have) a cup of tea.
2. The geography of the ocean floor. 9 She wasted a lot of time .....................................
3. Research and steps followed by the crew of (look) at the shop windows.
the Alvin. 10 They would rather ............................ (go) to the
4. Changes on the sea bed caused by the cinema than stay at home tonight.
eruption.

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Part 4
Unit 4

◆ Think of as many words as

possible related to the
theme “Accommodation”.

◆ Look at the cottages and

describe them. What would
your ideal cottage look like?
What facilities would it have?

Read the following T/F

statements, then listen to
the text of Part 4 and
answer them.
: Part 4
a Pets are only allowed in
You are going to read some information about cottages. For questions 21-35
two cottages.
choose from the cottages (A-H). Some of the cottages may be chosen more
b The pottery workshop is in
than once. When more than one answer is required, these may be given in any
The Grange.
order. There is an example at the beginning (0).
c Hoopers cottage is made
of stone.
d Potters cottage is right next Which cottage(s) would you recommend to someone who:
to a castle.
has children who love horses? 0 G

likes watersports? 21

would like to try a traditional craft? 22

wants to bring a cat? 23

is interested in old pubs? 24

enjoys home-made food? 25

likes cooking outdoors? 26

would like to experience traditional forms of

27
entertainment?

likes visiting islands? 28 29

is fond of fishing for trout? 30 31

would like a house that has plenty of room

32 33
both inside and outside?

enjoys ball games? 34 35

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Part 4
Unit 4

Cottages in Britain

Fenton Farmhouse A Potters Cottage F

Virtually everything about Fenton Farmhouse is spacious - from Potters Cottage lies right next to a trout stream that winds its
its lovely sunny garden to its farmhouse kitchen. There are way to nearby Wolfscastle. Squash and tennis courts, a “Good
some of the country’s best beaches within easy reach, and for Food Guide” restaurant, pub and shop are all within walking
the energetic, the village of Little Haven is one mile away by distance. The central location makes Wolfscastle easily
footpath. A menu is supplied in the farmhouse and you may accessible to the wide sandy beaches of St Brides Bay and the
order yourselves a real treat to pop in the oven or microwave. rocky coves of the north coast. Potters Cottage is extremely
There is a large grassy play area for the children. (No pets are spacious and very well furnished. There is a picturesque terrace
allowed.) and further extensive grounds are shared with the owners who
have a working pottery and live in the adjoining houses. The
The Grange B pottery workshop is available to guests in the evenings. (No
pets, please).
The Grange is perfectly situated in the tiny village of Walton
West. There are many sandy coves along this part of the Stone Lodge G
coastline, just waiting to be explored. You are only half a mile’s
walking distance, down a hill, from the pretty coastal village of An attractively restored stone cottage in the village of Nolton,
Little Haven, and a mile from a sandy bay at Broad Haven. half a mile from the sandy cove at NoltÔn Haven. Stone Lodge
There is also a sunny rear garden with a small orchard is next door to a working dairy farm and families are welcome
containing apple and plum trees. to watch the cows being milked. Horse riding is available
nearby. A large enclosed rear yard and small lawn at the front
Hoopers Cottage C of the cottage provide parking and recreation areas. Nearby,
Celtic Corner’s traditional Welsh evening has proved to be one
Hoopers Cottage is a most attractive stone cottage in a of the most popular forms of entertainment with people staying
sheltered position overlooking Orlandon village green. It is in our cottages. (No pets, please).
about a mile and a half from the sailing and windsurfing harbour
at Dale. Martin’s Haven is nearby, from where you can catch the Wishing Well Cottage H
boat to the puffin island of Skomer. Hoopers Cottage is large
and very comfortably furnished. It has a small garden which is Situated one mile inland from Little Haven, with footpath access
both sheltered and sunny. (No pets). to the coastal path, this is the centre one of three adjoining
cottages, beautifully maintained by the owners. Meals are
Nutshell Cottage D available in your
cottage if so desired,
This is a delightful cottage offering an extremely high standard and you are well
of accommodation. The double bed is luxurious, and a ship’s situated for a trip to
ladder takes children (aged 6 and over) to their cabin in the sky. Dale, Marloes Sands
Home-cooked meals can be provided after a day spent on one or Martin’s Haven,
of the nearby beaches or a hectic game of cricket in the from where you can
excellent grounds. (Pets are not allowed). take the boat to the
puffin islands of
The Coach House E Skomer and Stokholm.
There are extensive
This superb conversion of an original coach house has its own shared grounds ideal
private gardens. The property also has a sheltered patio with a for exploring and also
barbecue and garden furniture. It is a 5 minute woodland stroll to providing secluded
Comrose Brook, and River Cleddau, where trout and salmon are sitting - out areas.
regularly caught (private fishing is available to guests). Newgate (You can bring up to
beach is 10 minutes’ drive away and many other beaches are two dogs if you wish
within easy reach. Haverfordwest’s castle, colourful shops and and other pets are
restaurants are just three miles away. Pembrokeshire’s oldest also welcome.)
pub is a 15-minute walk away. (No pets allowed).

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Unit 4

✒ 1 Fill in the gaps with:

stroll, virtually, winds, recreation, bay

1 It is .......................................... impossible to tell the

twins apart because they are so alike. (almost)
2 The .......................................... where we anchored

✒
the boat was sheltered. (natural harbour)
3 On a warm spring day it is very pleasant to 3 Fill in the appropriate word(s) from the
........................... in the woods. (walk slowly) list. Use the word(s) only once.
4 The road that .......................................... down the puffin, tennis, within, forms, to order,
mountainside leads to the village. (twists and turns) coastal, easily, half a mile’s,
5 The .......................................... centre houses a home-cooked
swimming pool and an ice-rink. (sports)
1 ................. easy reach 5 .......................... meals

✒
2 ......................... village 6 .................. accessible
2 Fill in with the appropriate word(s). 3 ....................... walking 7 ......... of entertainment
Then decide where you would like to distance 8 ......................... courts
live and why. 4 .......................... island 9 .... yourself a real treat
public transport, tower,
suburbs, small, balcony, cheap
to heat, modern, convenient
A. My flat is on the fourth floor
of a tall 1) ............. block in ◆ Which of the cottages in the text would you
the 2) ............. . It is 3) ......... prefer to stay in? Why?
but 4) ............ and 5) ......... . ◆ You saw the following advertisement and are
I’ve got a large 6) ............. interested in renting a cottage. You would like
where I keep plants. The best further information. Read carefully the
thing is that the flat is 7) .......... for 8) ............. , so I advertisement and your notes, then write a letter
can get to work easily. of 120 - 180 words to the company.

quaint, cosy, small, thatched,

❁
garden, warm atmosphere,
comfortable, pleasant
B. Our country cottage is
wonderful. It has a traditional
1) ............. roof, a 2) ............. COTTAGES IN BRITAIN
exterior and a lovely rose
3) ................ . Inside, it’s COTTAGES FOR RENT IN DEVON AND THE LAKE DISTRICT.
4) ........... , 5) ............. and 6) ............. giving it a FULLY FURNISHED, SPACIOUS, LONG AND SHORT TERM
7) ............. . It’s such a 8) ............. place to live in. RENTAL AVAILABLE.
CLEANING SERVICES ARRANGED.
homely, family, garden, 3
bedroom, garage, comfortable,
Write to: Property Company
thin walls
24, Wax street,
C. My 1) ......... and I live in a London, UK
2) ..... semi-detached house
with a small 3) ......... and a
how many people? what facilities provided
4) ........... for our car.
Because of the 5) ............ , pets allowed? exactly?
we often hear our neighbours arguing. In spite of this extra charge? minimum stay?
I love it as it is very 6) ............. and 7) ............. .

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Unit 4

PART 4 Read the text. Some lines are correct and some have a word which should not be there. If
a line is correct, put a tick (✔) in the space provided. If a line has a word which should not
be there, write it in the space provided.

Bird watching
0 Bird watching is a very popular hobby enjoyed by 0 ✔ 0
00 many of people around Britain. My friend is 00 of 00
1 a very keen on bird watcher and often spends 1 1
2 weekends in the countryside where bird watching 2 2
3 is very easier. Last year he invited me and some 3 3
4 other our friends to spend a weekend in a country 4 4
5 cottage perfectly been located for him to bird watch and 5 5
6 for us to enjoy the countryside. We left from the city 6 6
7 early one Saturday morning and arrived at 7 7
8 the cottage around lunchtime. The weather it was 8 8
9 beautiful, the sun was shining and it was very warm. 9 9
10 But after an hour or so much a storm broke. 10 10
11 The wind howled around the cottage, shaking all 11 11
12 the windows and when the rain came to down we discovered 12 12
13 that the roof leaked terribly. When the electricity went off 13 13
14 that was the last straw and we packed them up and left 14 14
15 without have seeing a single bird, and promised never to go back there. 15 15

PART 5 Complete the following text with the correct derivative of the word in bold.

Protecting our lives

Future generations will thank us for tackling our (0) ... problems POLLUTE 0 pollution 0
now, in order to avoid further (1) ... disasters. The continual ENVIRONMENT 1 1
(2) ... of the world’s forests and woodlands is REDUCE 2 2
(3) .... to both animal and plant life. Many species are now HARM 3 3
(4) ... and unless something is done to protect them, they may DANGER 4 4
be (5) ... with extinction. Ocean exploration has aided THREAT 5 5
(6) ... in their search for new medicines by discovering other SCIENCE 6 6
(7) ... of plant and animal life. VARY 7 7
(8) ... research may even provide a cure for AIDS! Therefore it ADD 8 8
is (9) ... important that the world’s forests, woodlands and VITAL 9 9
oceans are protected for future (10) .... to enjoy. GENERATE 10 10

Fill in the missing prepositions, then choose any five of them and make sentences.

(1) to pay attention ....... sth; (2) to ask ....... sth (= demand); (3) to be certain ....... sth; (4) to protect sb ....... sth;
(5) to result ....... sth; (6) to believe ....... sth; (7) there’s need ....... sth; (8) ....... dawn; (9) to be filled ....... sth;
(10) to be special ....... sb; (11) delight ....... sth; (12) to be delighted ....... sth; (13) to be terrified ....... sth;
(14) to be tired ....... sth; (15) to be interested ....... sth; (16) to take part ....... sth; (17) an increase ...... sth;
(18) ...... the hope ...... doing sth; (19) to be fond ...... sth; (20) to share ...... sth; (21) to be ideal ...... sth
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Unit 4

You will hear a conversation between David, Clare and Neeraj who are
PART 4 trying to decide how to spend their evening. Answer questions 24 - 30 by writing
D (for David)
N (for Neeraj)
or C (for Clare) in the boxes provided.

24 Who doesn’t want to go out at first? 24

25 Who’s tired of watching television? 25

26 Who suggests going out dancing? 26

27 Who is asked to make a phone call? 27

28 Who doesn’t have much money? 28

29 Who offers to cook? 29

30 Who is very hungry? 30

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Unit 4

Problem solving ñ decision making ñ planning

PART 3 ñ prioritising ñ speculation on given picture
prompts etc

In pairs discuss the various dangers which threaten the forests. Talk about the consequences of
damage to forests and suggest possible solutions.

Reduction of Water Use

Pollution and Acid Rain

TIMBER
INDUSTRY

Fire

LOSED
C
Bankrupcy
Timber Industries

ood
Cutting W Safeguard
s
building
for

Discussing in pairs topics related to the theme

PART 4 of Part 3

ñ What materials can be recycled? What are the benefits of recycling?

ñ How can individuals cut down on household waste?
ñ Why is it so important to protect the environment?
ñ What measures should the government take to reduce pollution?

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Unit 4

argumentative techniques
ARTICLES
narrative - descriptive techniques

ñ An article is a piece of writing which appears in newspapers and magazines. Articles are usually formal in style, however
they can be less formal depending on whether they are published in a popular magazine or a newspaper. In a less
formal article you might address the reader directly (e.g. You may not know this ...) whereas in a formal article this would
not be acceptable. In formal articles the style is impersonal (e.g. It may not be widely known ...).
ñ When writing an article you should first identify its type. You can refer to previous units in which writing techniques are
given. For example, if you are asked to write an article giving advantages and disadvantages of owning a car, you
should first identify it as an argumentative essay and then refer to Unit 3 to find the argumentative techniques, as
well as the outline you should use.
Outlines for Argumentative Articles

Advantages / Expressing opinions / For and against Discursive essays

Disadvantages providing solutions

state topic state opinion/problem state topic state topic

advantages Point 1 / Suggestion 1 arguments for one point of view (e.g. scientific)

disadvantages Point 2 / Suggestion 2 arguments against another point of view (e.g. moral)

a third point of view (e.g. social)

balanced consideration/ restate opinion/best option balanced consideration give own opinion
opinion and reason

WRITING NEWSPAPER HEADLINES

ñ A newspaper article always has a headline which summarises the main point of the article and attracts the reader’s
interest. Bear in mind that a headline is short and very similar to writing a note or a memo. It is therefore normal practice
to leave out auxiliaries, articles and some prepositions. You should also try to use words or phrases which are not used
in the article, in order to arouse the reader’s curiosity.

1 Read the following headlines and decide which article from the list below they should be used for.

a Buses no-go for commuters c More space for children e Invasion of the holiday makers
b To eat or not to eat? d Millions for athletes

1 A local newspaper has invited readers to express their 3 A sports magazine has invited its readers to write an article
opinion on the subject: “Do you think the council should on the subject: “Are professional athletes overpaid?”
spend more money on creating recreational areas for Write a short article giving your opinion.
children?” Write a short article for the newspaper on this 4 A cookery magazine has invited readers to discuss the
topic. statement: “Vegetarians are much healthier than meat-
2 An international magazine has asked its readers to write eaters.”Write a short article for the magazine on this topic.
an article discussing “The advantages and disadvantages 5 A national newspaper has asked readers to write an article
of tourism.” Write a short article for the magazine on this on the subject: “Many commuters are reluctant to use
topic. public transport. Why is this, and what can be done about it?”
2 Write appropriate headlines for each topic.

1 Write a short article about the dangers of sunbathing for a medical journal.
2 A scientific journal has invited readers to contribute an article discusssing the question “More money should be used
for research into new medical treatments”. Write a short article for the magazine on this subject.

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3 A women’s magazine recently claimed that “All the romance has gone out of our lives”. Write a short article for the
magazine giving your opinion of this statement.
4 Write a short article for a travel magazine about a holiday resort you have visited.

First and Last Paragraph Techniques

ñ The first paragraph may: ñ The last paragraph may:

▲ state a strong, firm opinion e.g. Vegetarians are ▲ state a personal opinion e.g. I believe ..., In my
definitely healthier than meat-eaters. opinion ..., It seems that ... etc
▲ make reference to a strange scene or situation e.g. ▲ give the reader something to consider e.g. After
Will frogs ever become household pets? all, is it fair to ...
▲ be addressed to the reader directly (in less formal ▲ summarise the article e.g. In conclusion ..., To sum
articles) e.g. What do you think ...? Have you ever ...? up ..., On the whole ... etc
If you want to ... ▲ end with a quotation e.g. “Just a little more loving
▲ start with a quotation e.g. “Try not to become a man and a lot less fighting and the world would be
of success but rather try to become a man of value.” all right.”
or a rhetorical question (a rhetorical question is a
question which needs no reply) e.g. Do the students
know how fortunate they are? (no answer is expected)
▲ start with a problem which needs a solution e.g. Can
you explain the problem of ...

3 Match the first with the last paragraphs. Which techniques are used for the first/last paragraphs? Which
outlines should be used for each topic? Suggest a title for each topic.

FIRST PARAGRAPHS LAST PARAGRAPHS

school
has long been part of the A There can be no doub
1 Physical education ed uc ati onal t that cities offer endle
ss
; imagine an entertainment to suit eve
timetable for children som e form of ry taste. As Johnson sai
d,
not include “When a man is tired of
programme which does London, he is tired of life
.”
physical education.
B In conclusion, solutions to the problem lie in
2 Throughout history people have taken part in education and in stricter law enforcement. More
dangerous sports. This does not change the fact importantly, teenagers should be provided with
that it is unacceptable for athletes to be seriously adequate recreational facilities to put an end to the
injured or even lose their lives for the sake of boredom that drives them to drinking.
competition.
C At present, it seems
t most that many students do
hnology has meant tha not
3 The advance of tec co mp uters, which take part in any kind of
physical activity at all. Wi
iliar with
school children are fam of sub jects. But we see physical educatio
n slowly disappear from
ll
wide variety
can be used to teach a ch ers ? our schools only to be
replaced by more “usefu
y, replac e tea
can they, and should the lessons in future? l”

4 As our cities continue to grow, and villages become D I personally believe that were it not for this method
smaller than ever, it is true to say that it is far better of transport, many countries would be far more
to live in a busy, crowded metropolis than in a rural distant from each other, both physically and
area where the pace of life is considerably slower. culturally.

h world E In my opinion, compute

of air travel? In a hi-tec rs should have a place
5 What do you think ny child’s education and in a
come commonplace, ma can be a useful aid
where air travel has be y an d teaching, but should to
it is an unnecessar never replace the mo
people still feel that important educational too st
l of all - the teacher.
dangerous luxury.
6 The problem of teenage alcoholism is one that F All things considered, do we have the right to tell
today’s society must deal with before it is allowed to people that they cannot participate in a sport when
increase. they are fully aware of the risks involved?

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Unit 4

ñ Each new point starts a new paragraph. All paragraphs should be connected by linking devices.

4 Read the following article and fill in the missing linking devices from the list below. State what these words are
used for e.g. moreover, to add more points on a topic etc.
moreover, apart from, in addition to, however, all things considered, on the other hand, the main disadvantage of

Many people dream of having a large space in which to create

Gardening - a Dream their ideal garden.
or a Nightmare? 1) .............................. rewarding a large garden can be, it is worth
considering the disadvantages. 2) .................................. a large garden
is the hard work it requires. 3) ............................. , this is a year
round job which means taking a holiday can be problematic.
4) ................. spending time, you will inevitably spend money on
your garden. The amount depends on the type of plants you grow,
however do not forget the cost of fertilisers and sprays.
5) ......................., having a large space gives you the opportunity
to have a range of flowers and vegetables. 6) ................... plants, you
are able to create features such as ponds, fountains or even a patio.
7) ...................................., owning a large garden can be either a
dream or a nightmare. If you are successful it is well worth the
effort and expense.

ñ The same style should be kept throughout the article.

5 Read the formal and less formal articles and fill in the gaps by choosing one of the phrases below.

1 without the basic knowledge of / without knowing 6 the parents should be more understanding / it is the
2 To start with / Firstly parents’ responsibility to understand
3 should have close contact / should be in constant contact 7 This involves helping them with their homework / They
4 Thus, any problems that do arise can be dealt with should offer help with homework
quickly / so that any problems can be quickly sorted out 8 the solution lies in the improvement / I believe that things
5 the students are kept motivated and willing to study / the will get better
kids learn and their work is rewarded

Model 2:
Model 1:
Our Kids Can’t Read!
Today’s Illiterate Youth
You may not be aware of it, In addition, the teachers
More and more children Secondly, teachers should but more and more children should make the lessons more
are leaving school, be more encouraging are leaving school, 1) ........... enjoyable and interesting, so
1) ......................... how to towards their pupils, keeping how to read or write. that 5) ................... .
read or write. I believe that them interested in the As I see it, the problem can Lastly, 6) .........................
this is due to the lack of subjects so that 5) ............ . be solved by increasing the of their child’s needs.
support and encouragement Thirdly, 6) ............... their support and encouragement 7) ......................... and with
by teachers and parents and child’s needs. 7) ................. of teachers and parents and any problems they may have.
the pupils’ lack of interest. and supporting them in any the interest of pupils. To sum up, 8) ......................
2) ........................., the difficulties that may arise. 2) .............................., the if the relationship between
teachers 3) ......................... In conclusion, 8) ............ teachers 3) ......................... teachers, parents and pupils
with the parents to discuss of the relationships between with the parents, so that they improves and there is a better
their child’s academic all three groups: the teachers, can discuss their child’s understanding between them
progress as well as their parents and pupils, and in progress and behaviour at of each one’s position.
social behaviour and this way, illiteracy should school 4) ......................... .
attitude. 4) ......................... decrease.

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Unit 4

Descriptive Techniques for Articles

We use descriptive techniques to write articles about places.

Paragraph 1 Paragraph 2 Paragraphs 3, 4 Final paragraph

Name and location ➡ Reason for choosing ➡ Particular details of the ➡ Feelings and final
of the place the place place (sights to see, how thoughts about the
to spend free time, etc) place, recommendation

★ Note: The name, location of the place and the reasons for choosing it can be included in one paragraph.

6 Read the model below and put the jumbled 7 Read the model below and say what the purpose of
paragraphs in the correct order. Then say what the each paragraph is. Then underline the words where
purpose of each paragraph is. Finally underline the the senses are used to describe the place.
static features and circle the moving ones.

Weekend Breaks in Frankfurt Refreshment in Geiersperger

You will find it The resort to visit this winter is
difficult not to get Geiersperger, situated high in
caught up in the the Austrian Alps. It is a small,
hustle and bustle that peaceful town bordering a
is characteristic of lake, with majestic mountains
Frankfurt’s busy surrounding it as far as the eye
streets. At night the can see.
city is transformed The snow-capped peaks provide
into an exhilarating an impressive background to
centre full of night life. picturesque Geiersperger. The
If you are looking for a faster pace of life, Frankfurt is air is fresh with the smell of pine trees, and a white
the place to go; you certainly will not be disappointed. blanket of snow covers everything for five months of the
The dynamic city of Frankfurt in central Germany is year.
perfect for those looking for an exciting break. It is Nestle inside the cosy wooden chalets by a log fire or
located on the river Main, in one of the most scenic parts take a walk by the lake, where the only sound you will
of Germany. hear is the crunch of snow underfoot. If you are feeling
Skyscrapers tower over the skyline, their bright lights really energetic, you can take a cable car up the mountain
reflecting in the river, and the busy hum of traffic is and go skiing on the thrilling slopes nearby.
accompanied by the quiet lapping of the river as it flows Whatever you choose to do, you will feel totally
its way steadily under the numerous illuminated bridges. refreshed after a visit to Geiersperger.

8 Read the first and the last paragraphs of the article. First find which outline must be used, then write the
missing paragraphs.

What can be done to help the homeless?

Homelessness is a big problem nowadays especially in large cities. This is a result of unemployment, broken homes
and a lack of affordable government housing. In my opinion, there are several solutions to this problem.

To sum up, the homeless should not be ignored. The best solution to the problem is the establishing of programmes
to aid those who are in danger of becoming homeless. As Albert Camus, the French writer, once said, “We are all special
cases. The rest of society has a moral obligation to help those who are less fortunate.”

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Unit 4

9 Match the first paragraphs with the final paragraphs. Then decide what type of articles they are. Suggest a
headline for each article. Finally, say what techniques are used for the first and the last paragraphs.

FIRST PARAGRAPHS LAST PARAGRAPHS

today.
pular means of transport A Children’s problems tod
1 Cars are the most po usa nd s of ay can be summed up
by
remely useful, tho a remark Sally Kempton
Although they are ext mu st also , an American journalist
,
ds every year. We once made, “All childr
people die on the roa s cau se. en are potential victim
s,
blems which car dependent on the world
mention the pollution pro ’s goodwill.”

2 The decline in reading habits of youngsters today is B All things considered, the disadvantages seem to
mainly due to television and computers. Youths are outweigh the advantages. However, until there is a
much more inclined to watch television than pick up cheap ecological alternative to the car, there is no
a book. Yet, there are numerous ways of solving other means of transport that is more comfortable
this problem. or practical.
C In conclusion, apart
from teaching children
future from
ed that “the wars of the an early age that book
3 It is popularly believ rs”. Th erefor e it way connected to schoo
s are enjoyable and in
no
, not sol die
will involve technology e is no lon ger taught how to use librari
l work, children should
be
itary servic
can be argued that mil book clubs. It seems tha
es and encouraged to join
needed. t more book clubs are the
only solution to the pro
blem.
4 How many times have you been served by a child
in a shop recently? The sight of a young child ent’s
a waste of the governm
serving us is one that many of us have become D I believe that it is in
usands of men to serve
used to. It is, however, inappropriate for a child to resources to pay for tho men
especially when these
take on this kind of responsibility at a young age. the army for one year,
ying taxes. Therefore the
could be working and pa ue
increasing their reven
s of dying birds and sea
ls is government would be
5 The sight of hundred nomical sense.
becoming mo re an d mo re which makes more eco
one that is unfortunately nd reds of oil
st decade hu
common. Over the pa
round off coastlines around the E Taking everything into account, action must be
tankers have run ag e
ount of damage to wildlif
world, causing a huge am taken now to prevent further damage being done
and the environment. to an already fragile environment. It is time to end
the needless suffering which is endured every year
by thousands of helpless birds and animals.

10 Read the main body of the article, then write the first and the last paragraphs.

More Education, Less Environmental Damage

...................................................................................................................................
The most important step towards preserving the ozone layer is to educate the
public about it, especially the younger generation. This could take place in schools, with the
aid of environmental projects for children. If people fully understand the importance of the
ozone layer, they will be more likely to protect it.
Apart from educating future generations we also need to put pressure on people to recycle
as much as possible. Only in this way will we be able to conserve the earth’s valuable
resources for generations to come.
What we should concentrate on now is developing new types of transport and power which
do not pollute the atmosphere, as these are the biggest sources of environmental pollution.
...................................................................................................................................

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Unit 4

1 1 Read the main body of the article then write the first and the last paragraphs.

TV - A Child’s Friend or Enemy?

...............................................................................................................

Much can be said in favour of television because of the fact that

it is a medium for transmitting information. This means that it can
both entertain and educate a child, helping him to accumulate
knowledge and learn about the world, while keeping him amused.
Television is also undoubtedly a convenient option for many busy
mothers, acting as a “babysitter” much of the time while they get
on with everyday chores.
On the other hand, much of what is shown on television is
unsuitable for younger children, painting a misleading picture of life
which includes murder, bad language and unnecessary violence. This can have a harmful effect on a child’s
perception of events, meaning that he will become accustomed to such behaviour and see nothing wrong with it.
Television can also have the effect of turning a child into a zombie, who will have difficulty relating to other people
after spending long hours sitting uncommunicatively in front of moving images.
.................................................................................................................................................................................

1 2 Identify what types of articles the following topics are. Write appropriate headlines and give the outline for
each topic. Then write questions 1, 2, and 7 in the appropriate style using 120-180 words.

1 A wildlife magazine has asked readers to write an article entitled “The advantages and disadvantages of owning a
pet.” Write a short article for the magazine on this subject.
2 An educational magazine has invited readers to discuss the statement: “All children should be made to learn at least
one foreign language.” Write a short article for the magazine discussing the statement.
3 A sports magazine has invited readers to express their opinion on the subject: “Do you think sports personalities
deserve the large amounts of money that they are paid?” Write a short article for the magazine on this topic.
4 A newspaper has invited readers to discuss the statement: “People over the age of 65 should not be allowed to drive.”
Write a short article for the newspaper on this topic.
5 A health magazine has asked readers to contribute an article on the question “What can we do to become healthier?”
Write a short article for the magazine on this topic.
6 A fashion magazine has asked readers to write an article on the subject: “To what extent does fashion influence the
way we dress?” Write a short article for the magazine on this topic.
7 Write an article about a place you have visited for a travel magazine.

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Unit 5

◆ Look at the title of the text and

the pictures and suggest some
ways of becoming rich.

◆ Think of as many words as

possible related to the theme
“Inventions”.

◆ Put the following inventions

in order of importance.
Give reasons for your choices.

TV - the mousetrap - Monopoly -

cardboard drinks cartons - the
telephone - the wheel

First read the following

summary, then listen to the text
of Part 1 and fill in the missing
: Part 1
information.
You are going to read a newspaper article about inventions. Choose the most
Making a 1) ............. success out of suitable heading from the list A-I for each part (1-7) of the article. There is one
your ideas can be a complicated extra heading which you do not need to use. There is an example at the
process. Dr Ruben Rausing, inventor beginning (0).
of the cardboard drinks 2) ............, has
made a fortune. However, a number of
difficulties stand in the way. Obtaining A The wide range of successful inventions.
a 3) ...........is not easy. Inventorlink
receives over a 4) ............ ideas a year.
According to the marketing manager
B The need for market, commercial and developmental research.
of Inventorlink, 5) ......... come in two
different types. Half of them are C Consultation is essential before patenting.
experts, the others are talented
6) .......... . A successful invention D The way to fame.
should be 7) ........... and wanted.
There should be a 8) .......... for it and it E The complicated road to success.
should be able to be made
economically. In reality the chances of F Producing a successful invention with ease.
success are very small. In the
9) ............ market, Monopoly is a
10) ............, almost sixty years after its G Professional inventors and amateurs may succeed.
invention. But in most cases it’s really
very hard for new ideas to be H Commercial success is difficult but possible.
accepted!
I Persistence in overcoming traditional ideas may be well rewarded.

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Part 1
Unit 5

Invent your way to riches

come in two different types. Half of all too often overlook. First you have
0 D
them are experts who have seen a use to sit down and ask yourself whether
for their product, the other half are there’s a market for it. Secondly, can it
“All you have to do is make a better talented amateurs who have just had be made economically? There has to
mousetrap and the world will come an idea. be a really big profit margin to
running to your door,” said the persuade a manager to take it up. And
American writer, Ralph Waldo 5 finally, if you really want to make
Emerson. money, is it a one-time product or can
For most inventors with a good idea it be developed to keep sales going
1 the first thought is to get a patent. This on for years?”
is vital, but Richard Payne says he
Sadly this isn’t true, as thousands of prefers to talk to inventors before 7
inventors in the United Kingdom find they’ve applied for one. “Patents are
out every year. Making a financial expensive, and we like to give the In reality the chances of coming up
success out of your initial ideas can inventor some idea of whether the with a total success are very small. For
be a complicated and time-consuming invention has a chance of being example, in the games market
process. But for some, the rewards successful before they spend money.” “Monopoly” was the best-selling
make the effort well worthwhile. Dr board game last year, almost 60 years
Ruben Rausing, inventor of the modern 6 after it was invented. It’s very difficult
cardboard drinks carton, made a for new ideas to be accepted. Yet still
fortune from his invention, and the What are the characteristics of a some ideas make it through all the
creators of Trivial Pursuit also became successful invention? “It’s original and barriers and end up making millions
multi-millionaires. it’s wanted,” says Richard Payne firmly. for their inventors.
“There are three things that inventors
2

However, when it comes to inventing,

a number of difficulties stand in the
way. For example, obtaining a “patent”
can be complicated - a company must
be found to develop and market the
product, and of course international
sales must be considered as well. The
first step, ideally, is to look for a gap in
the commercial markets and then
invent something to fill that gap.

The company Inventorlink receives over

a thousand ideas every year and helps
about 300 inventors to take their ideas
further. Their inventions range from
small developments in everyday tools
to a giant í300,000 oil separator for the
use in the North sea to clean water
which has become mixed with oil.

4
According to Richard Payne, marketing
manager of Inventorlink, inventors

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Part 1
Unit 5

✒ 1 Look at the following words in bold in

the text and try to explain them:
ease, persistence, initial, time-consuming,
cardboard drinks carton, fortune,
market, range, vital, profit margin,
board game

✒ 2 Fill in the gaps with the appropriate

word(s) from the list below:
overlooked, amateur, consultation,
✒ 5 Fill in the correct word derived from
the words in brackets.

The first men ever to make a successful 1) ....................

patent, pursuit
(fly) were Orville and Wilbur Wright, the 2) ...................
1 He received .............. from his doctor as he had not (invent) of the first working aeroplane. 3) ...................
been feeling well. (advice) (develop) of the plane took a long time, during which the
2 One has to take out a(n) ........................ in order to brothers 4) .................. (careful) studied birds to see
protect an invention. (legal document) how they flew. They made 5) ......................... (detail)
3 He isn’t a professional athlete; he’s a talented calculations before starting 6) ...................... (construct)
.......................... . (unpaid sportsman) of their flying machine. When finally launched in 1903,
4 Ever since he was a boy, he has been in ......... the Wright brothers’ 7) ...................... (create) flew 120
....................... of the American dream. (search) feet before landing. 8) .............................. (fortune),
5 Despite having sufficient experience, she was aeroplanes have come a long way since then, but there
................... for promotion. (passed over) is no doubt that we owe a lot to the Wright brothers.

✒ 3 Choose the correct item.

✒ 6 Find the odd word out.

1 expensive - dear - costly - economical

1 My father’s company imports ............. goods. 2 identical - different - dissimilar - unlike
A created B produced C processed D manufactured 3 commerce - trade - business - amateur
4 outcome - invention - result - conclusion
2 One can’t visit America without ...... a visa.
5 offer - give - accept - distribute
A keeping B gaining C obtaining D issuing 6 difficult - hard - tough - basic

✒
3 Alexander Graham Bell ......... the telephone.
7 Fill in the gaps with a suitable idiom
A discovered B invented C explored D researched
from the list below:
4 He took over the family ............ when his father died. the game was up, rags-to-riches, strike
A company B group C team D association it rich, name of the game, fair game

✒
1 Cinderella is a real .........................
4 Fill in the appropriate word(s) from the fairy tale. (from poverty to wealth)
list. Use the word(s) only once. 2 If you play the lottery, you may
be lucky and ......................... .
a wide to obtain profit (become wealthy).
to stand time board 3 It can be said that people who
the road drinks best choose to live in the public eye
well to make financial are .................. for gossip
1 .................... a fortune 7 ..................... range of columnists. (easy targets for)
2 ................. to success 8 ................... rewarded 4 When the teacher caught him
3 a .................... margin 9 .................. in the way cheating, he knew ................
4 ........................ carton 10 ....................... -selling (he was discovered).
5 ............... -consuming 11 ..................... a patent 5 If you want to be successful, motivation is the
6 a(n) .................. game 12 ..................... success ................................... . (most important factor)

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Part 1
Unit 5

✒ 8 Fill in the appropriate particle(s).

1 Are you still looking ....................... a job? (search) 5 The police are looking ........................... the theft of
2 She pays someone to look ................................ her Lady Hamilton’s jewellery. (investigating)
children while she’s at work. (take care of) 6 The professor looked .................... his notes before
3 If you don’t know what a word means, look it ......... starting his lecture. (read quickly)
in the dictionary. (find) 7 I miss John. I’m looking ................... ....................
4 Since Brian was promoted, he looks ....................... hearing from him soon! (expecting eagerly)
....................... all his old friends. (feels superior to) 8 Look me ... next time you’re in town. (come and see)

✒ 9 Fill in the correct word.

promote, poster, advertisements, publicised,
Keeping in
commercials, hoardings, advertising agency,
campaign
touch
When a new product comes onto the market it is important
that it be 1) ........................ as much as possible, using while on
advertising, so that people will want to buy it. An advertising
2) ................... usually involves paying a(n) 3) ........................
to 4) ........................ the product in a number of ways: television
the move
5) ............................, large posters on 6) ........................... and
7) ................................ in newspapers and magazines. Its
success often depends on this more than on the quality of the product itself.

◆ Read the text and make notes under the headings:

characteristics of a good invention, successful
inventions, possible problems Grammar Check
◆ Your friend has invented something. He/She
wants to try to market it. Give him/her advice,
using the appropriate vocabulary you have learnt Underline the correct items.
and the phrases below: If I were you ..., Don’t
1 There were (much, lots of, few, a little) people
forget that ..., In reality ..., Don’t overlook the fact
at the concert yesterday.
that ..., It’s very difficult to ... etc
2 I spend (many, a good deal of, several, little)
◆ Read the advertisement below and your notes.
time exercising.
Then write a letter to Inventorlink Company,
3 They have had (a few, several, great, a lot of)
asking for more information. Write 120 - 180 words.
success with their new idea.
4 I’ve enjoyed (a little, a few, much, several) of
Can you imagine travelling without destroying the his books.
environment and still being able to rush down the 5 There was (no, any, many, much) information
motorway? about the missing children.
It`s true! We sell cars which only use 6 Simon spends (many, much, no, hardly any)
household waste as fuel! of his time working.
7 He’s spent (a few, a little, a good deal of,
some) weeks in Madrid.
For our free brochure write to P.O. Box 734.
8 Can I borrow (several, a little, a few, some)
money from you?
ñ How many people can ñ Enough room for 9 (All, Little, A few, Lots of) employees attended
it carry? luggage? the meeting.
ñ How fast is it? ñ Any likelihood of a test 10 I’ve seen him (a little, a few, several, hardly
drive? any) times but I’ve never spoken to him.
ñ Does it consume any
other kind of fuel?
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Part 2
Unit 5

: Part 2
You are going to read an article about recycling. For questions 8-15,
choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the
text.

Julie Lewis from Oregon, in the United States, is wearing an expensive

looking pair of boots. They are durable yet fashionable. To look at them you
would never know that they were made entirely of recycled materials. Julie
owns her own shoemaking company and has achieved a long-term
ambition to turn waste into something useful. The shoes are made from all
sorts of otherwise useless materials, including textile scraps, rubber from
tyres, and plastic bags. Julie knows that she cannot solve the world’s
environmental problems single-handed, but nonetheless she feels she is
◆ Look at the pictures. What doing good at a local level.
does this sign stand for?
Recycling has become extremely popular in the US, particularly in recent
What are the children doing?
years when the number of recycling schemes has increased by 500 percent.
Do you think it is important?
65 percent of aluminium cans are recycled plus a quarter of paper and 20
Why?
percent of glass. The enthusiasm for re-using materials has come from the
◆ Think of as many words realisation that Americans produce far more waste per person than most
as possible related Europeans; a total of 200 million tons a year. This is twice as much per 15
to the theme “Recycling”. capita as Germany, for example, and it would be enough to fill a line of
How can each of us dustbin lorries stretching eight times around the world.
recycle objects? America even exports its waste. Taiwan buys used paper to make more
Read the following summary. paper and Japan uses American scrap metal and makes it into new cars,
Some facts are wrong. Now which it then sells back to the US. Two thirds of the remaining waste is
listen to the text of Part 2. buried in landfill sites. Disposal of waste poses a major problem. Landfill
While listening correct the sites can cause pollution of water supplies. And as sites fill up, new ones
mistakes. need to be found. Some rubbish is burnt but this pollutes the atmosphere.
The obvious answer, then, is to recycle more. Recycling is already big
Julie Lewis is wearing an expensive- business - Julie Lewis being a perfect example. Her company has already
looking pair of gloves. They are made attracted millions of dollars worth of investment. Recycled products are no
of manmade materials. Recycling has longer seen as poor quality goods but as desirable alternatives.
become extremely popular in the
Antarctic in recent years. 65 per cent A hugely successful scheme has been operating in Palm Beach County
of bottles are recycled, plus a quarter since 1988. Rubbish is sorted into different categories. Paper, glass and
of paper and 20 per cent of glass. plastic are sold to recycling firms. Kitchen waste is used to power a
Taiwan buys used paper and Japan generator which supplies electricity to 30,000 houses. Other materials are
uses American scrap metal to make used to make soil, which is then used for growing fruit and vegetables.
houses. A successful scheme has There are of course economic arguments against recycling. It can be
been operating in Palm Beach expensive to run the schemes. And as Lynn Scarlett, a government adviser
County. Rubbish is sorted out. Paper, from Los Angeles argues, it does not make economic or environmental
glass and shoes are sold to recycling sense to transport materials for recycling from areas which still have plenty
firms. Other materials are used to of landfill space.
make soil to grow fruit and trees. Of
course, recycling can be expensive. Manufacturers in Germany are trying to solve the problem at the production
Manufacturers in Germany are trying stage, mainly by looking at how their goods are packaged. Soap powders are
to solve the problem at the production now more concentrated and packed in small containers, toothpaste tubes are
stage, by looking at how their goods sold without boxes and plastic wrapping has been reduced.
are packaged. Soap powders are In a time when newspapers and TV news bulletins are filled with depressing
concentrated and toothpaste tubes stories of environmental disasters, it is important to remind people, especially
are sold without brushes. children, that they can make a difference. After all, they can recycle their waste
every day of their lives.
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Part 2
Unit 5

8 Julie Lewis has always wanted 12 What does the Palm Beach County scheme involve?

A to run her own business. A making energy out of waste

B to be involved in recycling. B selling fruit and vegetables for profit
C to look fashionable. C producing plastic bottles
D to wear expensive shoes. D opening new recycling businesses

9 Americans now recycle far more than they used 13 One of the arguments against recycling is that
to because
A it makes no sense using landfill sites.
A they are competing with Germany. B it damages the environment.
B they want to make a profit from recycling. C no one is interested in running the schemes.
C they need more aluminium. D it can be uneconomical to ship waste
D they produce more rubbish than other countries. products cross-country.

14 German manufacturers
10 What does “this” in line 15 refer to?
A are concentrating on improving soap powders.
A the type of rubbish produced
B sell toothpaste in boxes instead of tubes.
B the amount of rubbish produced
C have cut down on packaging.
C Americans’ enthusiasm
D are trying to make goods cheaper.
D the re-use of waste materials

15 Why is recycling particularly important for children?

11 Of what is Julie Lewis a “perfect example”?
A It encourages them to read newspapers.
A The fact that re-using waste is a money- making B It shows them that they can do something useful.
activity. C It is depressing.
B The fact that more rubbish should be burnt. D It is specially planned for them.
C The fact that women can attract investment.
D The fact that recycled products can be of
high quality.

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Part 2
Unit 5

✒ 1 Look at the following words in bold in

the text and try to explain them:
durable, ambition, textile, single-handed,
per capita, scrap metal, landfill sites,
disposal, alternatives

✒ 2 Fill in the gaps with the appropriate

word(s) from the list below:
packaged, long-term, entirely, waste,
✒ 4 Fill in the correct word derived from
the words in brackets.

wrapping, good investment, transport, If we want to find a 1) .......... (solve) to the world’s waste
site, sorted, desirable disposal problems we should look at Palm Beach county
in America. The county has an 2) ............ (ambition)
1 We should try to dispose of our ..................... in a recycling scheme which has been 3) ............ (extreme)
way that won’t harm the environment. (rubbish) successful. Waste is almost entirely recycled. Even the
2 The hole in the kitchen waste is used to provide 4) ............ (electric).
ozone layer will

✒
have ..................
5 Choose the correct item.
effects on the
world’s climate.
(long-lasting) 1 Honey is a sweet .......... that is produced by bees.
3 An empty piece A material B substance C matter D fabric
of land outside
town is the ........ 2 Factories must stop pumping toxic .......... into rivers.
for the new A garbage B rubbish C litter D waste
supermarket.
(location) 3 Each sweet comes .......... in silver paper.
4 Reducing the A enclosed B folded up C packaged D wrapped
size of classes in state schools is a(n) ........................
aim. (attractive) 4 Her mother works in a bank as a financial ............. .
5 One of the most convenient means of .................. is A councillor B counsellor C adviser D informer
the aeroplane. (travel)
6 Frozen vegetables are usually .................. in sealed 5 She ................. out some old clothes and gave them
plastic bags. (put in) to a charity shop.
7 We should try to buy products with as little .............
A sorted B selected C separated D segregated
as possible. (packaging)
8 Rubbish must be before it is sent for recycling.
6 The new ................. to help young people find jobs
(separated into similar types)
has been very successful.
9 Their house is built ................................ of materials
taken from demolished buildings. (totally) A pattern B scheme C plot D system
10 That antique table was a ....................; it has tripled
in value since I bought it. (profitable purchase)
✒ 6 Fill in the appropriate word(s) from the

✒
list. Use the word(s) only once.
3 Find the odd word out.
news, to pose, electricity, disposal, to
power, soap, landfill, to make, to run
1 dustbin - cupboard - waste-paper basket - ashtray
2 tin - can - metal - plastic 1 ....................... supply 5 ...................... bulletin
3 waste - litter - glass - rubbish 2 ................... schemes 6 ............... a difference
4 response - reply - answer - question 3 ...................... a major 7 ............... a generator
5 reduce - involve - lessen - decrease problem 8 ...................... powder
6 stretch - elongate - deflate - lengthen 4 ........................... sites 9 .................... of waste

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Part 2
Unit 5

✒ 7 Choose the correct word.

1 If I take these boxes, can you carry the

✒ 8 Fill in the gaps with the appropriate
word(s) from the list below:
plastic, environmentally aware,
remaining/rest? recycling, environment, products,
2 She saves old remnants/remainders of material aluminium, decompose, disposing of,
and makes dolls’ clothing out of them. bottle banks
3 After the party all the rest/remaining food was put
in the fridge. It is important these days to try to be as 1) .....................
4 If you remain/rest here, you are sure to be caught as possible, which means 2) ............................ our waste
in the storm. instead of 3) ................... it in the usual way. For example,
5 If there are any remnants/leftovers, give them to instead of throwing 4) ............................ cans away, they
the dog to eat. can be crushed and taken for recycling, and bottles can
6 Whisk the eggs with half the amount of the sugar, be taken to 5) ................. instead of being put in the
then fold in the remaining/remainder with a spoon. rubbish bin. We should try to use as little 6) ............... as
7 The contamination/pollution levels in this city are possible because it takes a long time to 7) ...................,
the highest in Europe. and to buy recycled paper to write on. Recycled
8 The contamination/pollution of food supplies was 8)............. are often the same price as normal ones, but
the cause of the disease. are a lot kinder to the 9) ............................ .

◆ You are trying to educate your child to recycle waste. Use the expressions
below to prepare what to say.
Everyone can help by ..., Your recycled waste can be made into ..., It’s a good
idea to ... etc
◆ Work in pairs to suggest ways to save the environment. Discuss what action
has already been taken in your country to protect the environment.
◆ Write a short article for an environmental magazine on the subject:
Recycling is an important issue nowadays. Why is this and what can we do to
support it?
Write 120 - 180 words, following the outline below:
Para. 1: State the situation and its importance.
Para. 2: Give your first suggestion with supporting statements (e.g. economical)
Para. 3: Give your second suggestion with supporting statements
(e.g. environmentally friendly)
Para. 4: Give your third suggestion with supporting statements
(e.g. profitable business)
Para. 5: Conclude by summarising your opinion.

Grammar Check

Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense.

If I were a scientist, I 1) ................... (find) a way to repair the hole in the ozone layer. Scientists believe that
if world temperatures 2) ................... (rise), sea levels 3) ................... (rise) too and many towns
4) ................... (be flooded). It is also possible that many fertile places 5) ................... (become) desert. If
this happened, there 6) ................... (be) chaos throughout the world. If people had disposed of their rubbish
more carefully, the environment 7) .................. (not/be polluted) in the first place. Governments are also
responsible for this situation, because if there had been tighter laws on pollution, factories 8) ...................
(not/release) such harmful chemicals into the atmosphere.

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Part 3
Unit 5

: Part 3
You are going to read a newspaper article about a killer whale. Seven
sentences have been removed from the article. Choose from the sentences
(A-H) the one which fits each gap (16-21). There is one extra sentence which
you do not need to use. There is an example at the beginning (0).

Fight to Free the Sad Whale

Ulysses, a sixteen-year-old killer However, British experts have

whale, has been the top attraction at recommended that Ulysses should
Barcelona Zoo for nine years. Winning be returned to his native Icelandic
the hearts of millions of visitors with seas. The regional government
his good nature, he even allows believes that the good publicity
keepers to put their heads and hands generated by such an action would
inside his giant jaws. 0 H benefit Barcelona and the zoo itself.
They are also the most intelligent On the other hand, zoo authorities
animals in the oceans. have said they will fight animal
protection groups to keep their star
However, Ulysses has recently been attraction.
showing signs of unhappiness and
frustration. 16 He is The recommendation to return the
under stress, bored, lonely and huge animal to the sea has caused
desperate for a mate. problems between the zoo and the
local government. 19
He has already begun to show Ulysses, however, would be the
sudden mood changes and signs of perfect candidate as he seems
aggression. 17 As a capable of adjusting to life in the
result keepers no longer risk their wild.
◆ Look at the pictures. What
heads among Ulysses’ 50 teeth.
can you see? What do you
know about this animal? The procedure of his release is very
Do you think it is cruel A team of scientists has warned simple. First he would be taken to an
to keep animals in zoos? that Ulysses could turn dangerous Icelandic bay and taught how to catch
because of constant stress and being live fish. 20 When they
Try to answer these T/F on show in his tiny pool. Despite the have been located, Ulysses will be
statements by guessing, then
warnings, zoo administrators only released and an attached electronic
listen to the text of Part 3 and
find out if your guesses were intend to send him on a three-year device will follow his progress.
correct. rest treatment to a marine show in the
United States. The recommendation to free Ulysses,
a Ulysses lives in a zoo.
b Ulysses is very happy. made by the British Society for the
c He has a large pool area. 18 They are also going Protection of Whales and Dolphins,
d British experts want to free to ensure that he returns to Barcelona seems quite logical. 21
Ulysses. with a mate. His future will now be decided by a
e Ulysses couldn’t adjust to commission of scientists.
life in the wild.
f A commission of scientists
will decide Ulysses’ future.

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Part 3
Unit 5

A Ulysses’ dissatisfaction in captivity makes releasing him the obvious thing to do.

B Zoo authorities, aware of the possible dangers, have increased safety measures.

C The problem has arisen because there is the possibility that Ulysses would be unable to adjust to sea
life and eventually die.
D Scientists believe that this behaviour could have been caused by the fact that he has outgrown his pool.

E Then his “family” will be located, which should not be difficult as Icelandic whales are well monitored.

F No captive whale has ever been returned to the sea.

G While he is away, they can build a new, bigger pool by the sea.

H This proves that, contrary to popular belief, killer whales are not necessarily aggressive.

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Part 3
Unit 5

✒ 1 Look at the following words in bold in

the text and try to explain them:
frustration, constant, administrators,
marine, regional, generated, adjusting,
release, commission

✒ 2 Fill in the gaps with the appropriate

word(s) from the list below:
mood, aggression, native, attached,
captivity

1 I think zoos are wrong; animals shouldn’t be

kept in ................................. . (confinement)
2 Guard dogs are trained to show ................. to anyone
who tries to approach them. (hostility)
3 Jenny had been so ................................................. to her goldfish that she was very upset when it died. (close)
4 Maria lives in America but her ........................................................................................ country is Mexico. (home)
5 Michael has been in a bad .............................................................. ever since he failed his driving test. (temper)

✒ 3 Fill in the correct word from the list

below. ✒ 4 Fill in the appropriate word(s) from
the list. Use the word(s) only once.
natural, captivity, protect, confine,
under safety to show
released, species, breed, extinct
top capable to cause
Human population expansion and the effects of hunting to catch to adjust desperate
are threatening many 1) ......................... to such an sudden procedure experts
extent that they are almost
2) ........................ . In order 1 ................... attraction 7 ............................ fish
to 3) ......................... 2 ..................... signs of 8 .................. problems
them, many animals 3 ......... mood changes 9 the .................. for his
are kept in 4) ........ 4 .................. to sea life release
......................... in 5 .......................... have 10 to be ............... stress
zoos and safari recommended 11 ................. for a mate
parks. The idea is 6 ............... of adjusting 12 .................. measures

✒
that when animals
are able to 5) ........ 5 Choose the correct item.
.............................
in safety, their
numbers will 1 The prisoner was ....... from prison after serving a
increase enough so five-year sentence.
that some can be A fled B liberated C emancipated D released
6) ...................... into
2 He was flattered by her invitation and thought that
their 7) .........................
it was a very nice ........... .
habitats. Some extreme
animal rights activists, A sign B signal C symbol D gesture
however, believe that it is better 3 If you practise enough, you’re sure to make
to allow a species to become ........... with your dancing.
extinct than to 8) ......................... A increase B advancement C progress D development
them to a prison-like zoo.
4 Electricity is easily ........... through metal.
A generated B conducted C charged D discharged

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Part 3
Unit 5

✒ 6 Fill in the blanks with the correct

particle(s).
generated by the news that a dolphin is expecting a calf.
In the 2) ................... (continue) battle to protect these
mammals from 3) ................... (extinct), it is no surprise
1 The proposal to increase taxes was turned ............. that the birth of the calf was
by the government. (rejected) 4) .................. (wild) celebrated.
2 It is important to turn .......................... for important The first 24 hours were crucial
lectures. (arrive) and 5) ................... (science)
3 I can always turn ............................. my grandfather were able to witness how the
for good advice. (get help from) calf adjusted to its new
4 The jewellery turned ............................... to be real. environment. It swam to the
(was discovered) surface and took its first
5 He decided to turn himself ................. to the police, 6) .................... (breathe). In the
so that he could clear his conscience. (surrender) coming months the calf is
expected to become

✒ 7 Fill in the correct word derived from

the words in brackets.
progressively less 7) ..................
(rely) on its mother. Soon it will
be so 8) ...............................
The Vancouver Aquarium has 1) ...................... (recent) (independence) that it will be
attracted a lot of attention. This new interest has been able to feed on squid and
prawns itself.

◆ Work in pairs A/B. Look at the notes below and discuss using the following phrases:
In my opinion ..., I agree/disagree ..., On the other hand..., I insist that the best thing would be to ...

A You are an adminstrator at Barcelona zoo. You

want to keep Ulysses because he is your star
attraction.
B You are a British expert. You want Ulysses to be
returned to the Icelandic seas.

ñ Ulysses makes lots of money for the zoo ñ Ulysses has been unhappy lately
ñ he is used to being in captivity ñ he needs a mate
ñ he is tame ñ the pool is too small
ñ a female whale can be brought to the zoo ñ he could become dangerous unless freed
ñ a bigger pool can be built ñ freeing him would be good publicity for the zoo

◆ Write an article for your school magazine entitled “Animals in captivity”. Write 120 - 180 words using the
following outline.

Paragraph 1 Paragraph 2 Paragraph 3 Paragraph 4

General comments Pros. (save them from Cons. (remove them Your own opinion
(animals in zoos/ ➡ extinction etc) ➡ from natural ➡ (zoos can help research -
safari parks for surroundings etc) they should be for
entertainment etc) animals’ benefit)

Grammar Check

Fill in by or with.
1 We were amazed ......................... his magic tricks. 4 The plants were sprayed ........................ pesticide.
2 Our sandwiches were filled ....................... cheese. 5 The letter had been delivered ....................... hand.
3 The car has been fixed ....................... a mechanic. 6 The baby’s face was covered ............... chocolate.

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Part 4
Unit 5

◆ You have one minute to

write down as many sports
as you can think of. Look at
the headings of the texts.
Did you think of these sports?
Which of these needs a lot of
special equipment? Which is
the most dangerous one?

Read the following sentences

and try to fill in the gaps. Then
listen to the text of Part 4 and
check your answers.
a One would take up Kung Fu to
learn .................... techniques.
b Supercircuits improves ..........
and .................... .
c Aqua-aerobics is done in the
: Part 4
shallow end of a ................... .
d T’ ai Chi helps those who lead You are going to read some information about sports clubs. For questions 22-
a ....................... life. 35, choose from the clubs (A-H). Some of the clubs may be chosen more than
e Ice skating is for those who once. When more than one answer is required, these may be given in any
like ................ and .................. order. There is an example at the beginning (0).
fast.
f One would take up rowing to Which club or clubs would you recommend for someone who:
develop ........................... and
........................... .
wants to use weights? 0 B
g Football for over 40’s is for
those who feel ........................
by younger players. likes moving to music? 22 23
h One would take up rock-
climbing to enjoy a ....................
experience. wants to improve their concentration in daily 24
life? 25

needs to improve their performance 26

in another sport?

is frightened of walking alone at night? 27

likes team sports? 28 29

is interested in sports from the Far East? 30 31

enjoys the excitement of danger? 32

would like to become much stronger? 33 34

is an older sportsman? 35

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Part 4
Unit 5

Sports Clubs in Derby

and public hours just come along to Derby Ice Rink between 8
Kung Fu A
am and 10.30 pm Monday to Saturday, and 9 am to 6 pm
Sundays.
Learn the ancient Chinese martial art of Kung Fu and you’ll
become fitter and more supple. But the benefits of Kung Fu go Rowing F
far beyond those of the majority of sports. If you feel unsafe in
Derby’s crime-ridden and poorly-lit streets, you’ll find the self- Are you looking for a serious sport which will test you to the limit
defence techniques you learn at the Dow Si Lan Kung Fu Club and rapidly develop your strength and stamina? Do you want
will boost your confidence enormously. What’s more, the the satisfaction of moving in perfect harmony with a committed
mental discipline you’ll acquire carries over into everyday life. team and experiencing the rewards of hard work? The Derby
You’ll find your mind clearer, and all mental tasks will become Ducklings are the Midlands’ top rowing club, - the result of
easier. For more details telephone Des on 655934. having a devoted membership and superb coaches. If you are
looking for a challenge, give Phil a ring on 667439.
Supercircuits B
Football for over 40’s G
Supercircuits is a new kind of sports training which rapidly
improves strength and fitness. Alternating intensive work on Do you feel excluded by younger players when you have a kick-
weight machines with high impact aerobics for 45 seconds, around? Are you a frustrated Bobby Charlton who missed out
supercircuits is designed for sportspeople whose normal because you never had a chance to show off your talent when
training needs supplementing. This is an extremely you were younger? Derby over 40’s regularly prove that skill
demanding training programme. For timetables and and experience count for a lot in the soccer world. We are
consultation with our staff, just drop in to the Red Lion Sports currently third in the national over 40’s league. We train three
Centre between 1 pm and 10 pm Monday to Friday. times a week (Monday, Wednesday and Friday evenings 7.30
to 9.00) and play matches most Saturdays and some Sundays.
Aqua-aerobics C Contact Gary Host on 664882.

Getting fit is fun at Derby City Pool’s Aqua-aerobics club. Aqua- Rock-climbing H
aerobics is basically aerobics done in the shallow end of a
swimming pool. It’s gentle and completely safe, the music Of all the sports on offer in and around Derby, you can’t beat
makes it fun and relaxing, and it’s all you need to keep you rock-climbing for sheer thrill. Fortunately for us, we’re within
looking good and feeling fit. Sessions are 11 am to 12.30 pm easy reach of most of the climbable peaks in Britain. Being one
Monday to Saturday, and 7 pm to 8.30 pm Monday, of the largest rock-climbing clubs in Britain, the Derby Chamoix
Wednesday, Friday. Club has plenty of equipment which members can borrow, and
the club’s insurance policy covers members for any accident
T’ai Chi D that may happen while practising this dangerous but most
exciting sport. For more information, telephone 664397, 668427
If you have a stressful life which leaves your head spinning and or 668494.
your body suffering, maybe T’ai Chi is for you. In learning T’ai
Chi you will learn to concentrate your mind in a kind of moving
meditation. Apart from the improvement in your general level of
strength and fitness, your health will also improve because of
your ability to deal more effectively with stress. For details
telephone Miranda on 654807, evenings.

Ice Skating E

If you like dancing and also enjoy the thrill of moving fast, ice
skating is the sport for you! It’s a fantastically expressive way of
getting fit, and our team of instructors at Derby Ice Rink will help
you quickly build up the skill you need to dance on ice. Ice
skating doesn’t have to be an expensive sport either, as skate
hire is included in our membership fee. For details of classes

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Part 4
Unit 5

(compete) as

✒
well as showing
1 Look at the following words in bold in 6) .....................
the text and try to explain them: (responsible) for
martial art, supple, crime-ridden, their actions. Over
boost, mental, acquire, alternating, and above all
impact, supplementing, consultation, these, many coaches actually consider 7) .....................
meditation, stamina, sheer, peaks (determine) or a will-to-win as being more important,

✒
stating that a positive mental attitude and self-control will
2 Fill in the appropriate word(s) from enable an athlete to fulfil his potential and maybe even
the list. Use the word(s) only once. break records.

✒
martial poorly-lit mental
sheer climbable insurance 4 Fill in the appropriate particle(s).
intensive to get stressful

1 ....................... streets 6 ............................... fit 1 She got carried ........................ by the music at the
2 .................. discipline 7 .............................. life party and started dancing. (became very excited)
3 ............................ arts 8 ........................ policy 2 Looking at the old family photos carried me ...........
4 .......................... work 9 ........................ peaks ................................to my childhood. (reminded of)
5 ........................... thrill 3 She carried the speech ...................... although she
was nervous. (completed despite difficulties)

✒ 3 Fill in the correct word derived from

the word in brackets.
4 The soldiers were disciplined for not carrying ........
the Major’s orders. (fulfilling)
5 Keep ..................................... from that dog or it will
bite you. (avoid approaching)
Athletes who wish to excel in their chosen field must
6 Tell the police everything you know; don’t keep
possess many qualities. Apart from the obvious physical
anything ....................................................... . (hide)
1) .................. (character) of high levels of 2) ..............
7 The doctor told me to keep ................. coffee when
(fit) and stamina, an athlete must also show mental
I had difficulty sleeping. (avoid drinking)
3) ................................ (strong) in the form of
8 You should keep ............................ your good work
4) ................ (dedicate) and enthusiasm. In addition to
if you want to be promoted. (maintain)
this, for team sports, athletes must be 5) ..................

Grammar Check
◆ Read the text again, then talk about the
benefits and/or drawbacks of each sport.
Fill in: all, both, whole, either, neither, none,
e.g.Supercircuits: improves strength and fitness
every
but is very demanding etc
1 The ozone layer is damaged more and more
◆ Tell your partner about the
................... year.
sport you would most/least
2 ........................ of the two dresses I liked fitted
like to do. Use expressions
me, so I didn’t buy them.
such as:
3 I enjoy spending the .................... weekend at
I’d prefer to do ... because home looking after my garden.
..., In my opinion .... is 4 It was really nice to have ................ the family
the best sport, I wouldn’t do together again.
... because ..., ... doesn’t 5 .................. of the three carpets are large enough
sound much fun etc for my room, so I’ll keep the old one.
6 It would be wonderful to see ............... Tom and
Ann at the party.
7 You could ................. take the bus at 9 o’clock or
at 10.00.

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Unit 5

PART 1 For questions 1 - 15, read the text below and decide which word A, B, C or D best fits each space.
There’s an example at the beginning (0).

Cash for a Load of Old Rubbish

Recycled newspapers which were (0) ...C... by the public were, (1) ... recently, secretly
being dumped on rubbish tips and not being recycled. This was because local councils
could not (2) ... anyone to (3) ... with the newspapers. Now these (4) ... newspapers are
so valuable that thieves are stealing them from recycling points. This has been happening
because a mill has opened in southeast England and now old newspapers, are very much
in (5) ... . The (6) ... recycling project in the country is in Milton Keynes where the rubbish
of 20,000 (7) ... is recycled. The factory recycles material such as glass, plastic and metals
as well as newspapers. The success of the project is (8) ... the participation of eighty
percent of the city’s population, who (9) ... their rubbish into three separate boxes for
weekly collection. The (10) ... to success in recycling is to have a (11) ... flow of rubbish
into the factory and of raw materials out of it. As a (12) ... of the success of the recycling
factory, new industries have been (13) ... in the area. These new factories use the raw
materials which are produced by the recycling plant to make new products. As well as being environmentally (14) ... ,
recycling can also (15) ... that some people get a lot of cash in exchange for a load of old rubbish.

A B C D
0 A resumed B heaped C collected D piled 0
1 A since B until C still D before A B C D
1
2 A find B think C trace D track A B C D
2
3 A do B make C handle D deal A B C D
3
4 A archaic B ancient C old D antique A B C D
4
5 A request B question C demand D ask A B C D
5
6 A grandest B biggest C toughest D hardest A B C D
6
7 A settlers B lodgers C occupants D residents A B C D
7
8 A because B due to C owing D on behalf of A B C D
8
9 A sort B arrange C place D classify A B C D
9
10 A key B means C answer D guide A B C D
10
11 A stable B normal C steady D persistent A B C D
11
12 A target B point C purpose D result A B C D
12
13 A erected B made up C existed D set up A B C D
13
14 A amiable B sociable C friendly D sweet A B C D
14
15 A mean B support C stress D highlight A B C D
15

Fill in the correct preposition(s), then choose any five of them and make sentences.
(1) to concentrate ......... sth; (2) to be frightened ....... sth/sb; (3) ...... night/noon/midday etc; (4) ....... the morning/
afternoon /evening etc; (5) to be interested ......... sth/sb; (6) excitement ........ sth; (7) a benefit ....... sth, (8) a kind/sort
........ sth; (9) to work ....... sth (10) to work ......... sb; (11) to be designed ........ sth; (12) improvement ........ sth;
(13) the thrill ........ sth; (14) to be thrilled ........ sth; (15) to be included ........ sth; (16) to be excluded ......... sth;
(17) to get satisfaction ......... sth; (18) to take pleasure ......... sth

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Unit 5

You will hear people talking in eight different situations. For questions 1 - 8,
PART 1 choose the best answer, A, B or C.

1 Listen to this conversation. What type of fortune-telling does the

woman recommend?
A palm reading
B tarot card reading 1
C tea leaf reading

2 Listen to this conversation. What does the woman blame the man
for?
A forgetting to write a report
B forgetting to ring someone 2
C forgetting to have food delivered

3 You are going to hear part of a radio phone-in. What went wrong
with the holiday described?
A The hotel had not been built yet.
B They arrived at the wrong resort. 3
C The hotel was not the one they had booked.

4 Listen to this conversation. Where do the speakers decide to meet?

A the pub
B the station 4
C the bus stop

5 You hear someone talking on the phone. Who is he talking to?

A an electrician
B a plumber 5
C a glazier

6 You hear someone speaking at a business meeting. What does the

speaker want the staff to do?
A improve the products
B increase their production 6
C improve their advertising

7 You will hear a woman talking to a gardener. What does she want him
to do?
A mow the lawn
B replant a shrub 7
C clean the pond

8 You overhear this conversation in a department store. What is the

man complaining about?
A the staff
B the prices 8
C the quality of the goods

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Unit 5

Giving Personal Information

PART 1 ñ What kind of music do you prefer?
ñ If you could play an instrument, which would you choose and why?
ñ Is music important in festivals and celebrations in your country?

Talking about the pictures in relation to yourself

PART 2

Look at pictures A and B.

A ñ Compare and contrast the pictures.
What do they have in common?
ñ Which one would you most like to do and
why?
ñ Why do people enjoy doing dangerous things?
ñ How is taking part in a sport beneficial?

B
C

Look at pictures C and D.

ñ Compare and contrast the two pictures. D
What do they have in common?
ñ Are there any endangered
species in your country?
ñ What can be done to protect
endangered species?
ñ Why is it important to protect
all species?
ñ Have you ever taken part in a
conservation project? Would you like to?

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Unit 5

survey reports
assessing good and bad points of something (course, hotel, museum etc)
REPORTS news reports (events, current affairs, accidents, disasters, reporting changes etc)
witness statements

ñ Reports are pieces of factual writing. They are normally reports except witness statements, which can be less
based on some kind of research. There are quite a few formal. Remember that formal style includes:
types of reports such as: survey reports, reports assessing ◆ impersonal not colloquial or chatty language ◆ only facts
good and bad points, news reports, witness statements etc. not irrelevant details ◆ use of reporting verbs and passive
ñ When writing a survey report or a report assessing good voice ◆ no use of short forms
and bad points, sub-headings should be used to mark the ñ Witness statements do not require headings or sub-
beginning of each new section. headings, just a clear layout. The style can be informal.
ñ News reports do not include sub-headings but have a clear ñ Before we start writing a report it is important to think about
layout as well as an appropriate heading. the type of report it will be, in order to use the appropriate
ñ The style is usually formal and impersonal in all types of layout and style.

Outlines for Reports

Assessing Good
Survey Reports and Bad Points Witness statements News Reports

INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION

state purpose and content of state purpose and content set the scene - summary of the event -
your report or summarise the of your report (time, place, people time, place, people
most important results of the involved in the incident) involved
survey

DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMENT

summarise your information summarise each point giving description of the main description of the main
under suitable sub-headings both positive and negative events and people involved, events and people involved
aspects hypothesis and evidence give detailed facts

CONCLUSION CONCLUSION CONCLUSION CONCLUSION

make recommendations/ general assessment and final result of the incident comments, reference
suggestions or end with a recommendation to future developments
general conclusion

ñ formal style with sub-headings ñ formal style with sub-headings ñ informal style without ñ formal style with a headline
sub-headings but without sub-headings

Writing Survey Reports

ñ When reporting the results of a survey the figures ñ Generalisations can be made about the facts and
gathered should be included either in the form of figures contained in a report. This can be done by:
percentages or proportions. a) stating the facts and then making a generalisation
ñ Proportions can be expressed by using expressions e.g. 64% of the population now holiday abroad.
such as “one in three” or “eight out of ten”, or more This suggests/implies/indicates that people are
accurately in the form of percentages (15%, 62% etc). generally better off than they were ten years ago.
Less precise expressions such as “the majority, a or b) making a generalisation and then stating the
minority, a large proportion, a significant number, a facts e.g. People are generally better off than they
small number, by far the largest proportion etc” can were ten years ago. This is illustrated/demonstrated/
also be used and are less likely to bore the reader indicated/shown by the fact that 64% of the
than percentages and figures. population now holiday abroad.

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Unit 5

ñ When writing a report analysing a survey, events and Note: A report should include the writer’s name, the
conversations should be summarised using reported recipient’s name and the subject of the report .
speech and more formal language. Reporting verbs
such as claim, mention, refuse, say etc can be used to
make an account more interesting.

1 Look at the results of the survey below and fill in the gaps with the following words or phrases.
minority, A small number, substantial, majority, By far the largest, large proportion, A significant number, percent

AGE SWIMMING TENNIS AEROBICS KARATE NONE OF

THESE

18 - 35 25% 32% 8% 15% 20%

MEN 36 - 55 35% 25% 3% 7% 30%
56+ 4% 18% 5% 3% 70%

18 - 35 40% 18% 28% 4% 10%

36 - 55 25% 15% 22% 5% 33%
56+ 7% 22% 9% 2% 60%
WOMEN

1 The ............................... of British men aged 36 - 55 5 ........................ of men aged 56 and over do karate.
go swimming. 6 ....................... of women aged 18 - 35 do aerobics.
2 ....................... number of women aged 56 and over 7 Only three .......................... of men aged 36 - 55 do
do not participate in any of these sports. aerobics.
3 Only a small ......................... of British women aged 8 A .................................... number of British men and
18 - 35 do karate. women aged 56 and over play tennis.
4 A ................. of women aged 18 - 35 go swimming.

2 Match the facts with the generalisations.

FACTS GENERALISATIONS
1 19% of teenagers leave school at 16 to get a job. a This implies that few people read magazines for
2 7 out of 10 people drive alone to work. relaxation alone.
3 90% of people who buy magazines regularly read b This demonstrates the growing influence of television
specialist magazines. in our lives.
4 3 out of 4 people interviewed said they did not enjoy their c This suggests that most teenagers value education
job. above money.
5 66% of families watch more than 20 hours of television per d This shows that most people do not find jobs which suit
week. their personal interests.
e This indicates that most people value personal
convenience above environmental concerns.

3 Read the following facts and complete the sentences by writing appropriate generalisations.
1 81% of ex-smokers said they had quit smoking in the last 4 9 out of 10 married couples were engaged for more than
five years. This suggests... a year. This shows...
2 87% of people under the age of 25 travel abroad at least 5 92% of all games sold last year were computer games.
once a year. This indicates... This illustrates...
3 4 out of 5 people drink a brand name cola. This illustrates...

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Unit 5

4 Match the generalisations with the facts.

GENERALISATIONS FACTS
da
rather watch TV than rea A This is exemplified by
1 Most people would the fact that 8 out of
people go abroad for the 10
book. ir holidays.

2 Few people prefer to holiday in their own country. B This is illustrated by the fact that 61% of the
population buy newspapers daily.
C This is shown by
rcise regularly. the fact that 99% of
3 A majority of people exe households own a TV
, while book sales ha
all
fallen by a third. ve

4 Most people who eat out regularly prefer Chinese D This is demonstrated by the fact that 3 out of 5
food. people eat in Chinese restaurants at least once
a week.
ily
the population read a da
5 A large percentage of E This is illustrated by the
fact that 83% of people
newspaper. are members of a leisure
club.

5 Read the following generalisations and complete the sentences by writing appropriate facts.
1 Most people prefer travelling by train to travelling by bus. This is shown by ...
2 Most people prefer working in a smoke-free environment. This is indicated by ...
3 More people prefer to drink beer at home rather than in bars. This is illustrated by ...
4 Most people would rather watch horror films than watch romances. This is implied by ...
5 Most people said that advertising influences their choice of clothes. This is demonstrated by ...
ñ When writing a report analysing the results of a survey or assessing the good and the bad points of something
you should use impersonal, objective language.

6 Make the style of the following sentences more impersonal using the word given as in the example:
eg. The gym’s trainer helps you use the equipment (guidance). The gym’s trainer provides guidance in using the equipment.

1 I’m writing this assessment to ...................... (purpose) 6 You can use the swimming pool if you’re a guest.
2 I did this survey to .................................. . (conducted) ....................................................................... (provided)
3 You can buy a ticket at a 10% discount if you are a 7 The hotel porter will carry your bags to your room.
student. ........................................................... (offered) .......................................................................... (carried)
4 You’ll be able to use a fax machine in the executive 8 You can have a continental breakfast at this hotel.
lounge. ......................................................... (available) ............................................................................ (offers)
5 All visitors can use the facilities ...................................... 9 I advise you to use this ferry service. ............ (advised)
(available) 10 The survey I conducted shows ....................... (results)

7 To report conversations we must use special reporting verbs. Turn the following into Reported Speech
using the appropriate introductory verbs from the list:
pointed out, complained, claimed, explained, protested, admitted, promised
Note that some verbs may be used more than once.

1 “Bus fares are more expensive than petrol costs.” .pointed out. Many people pointed out that bus fares were
more expensive than petrol costs.
2 “Buses are never on time.” .................... ..............................................................................
3 “The service isn’t very good.” .................... ..............................................................................
4 “We don’t want a prison in our town.” .................... ..............................................................................
5 “The bus timetable has been changed.” .................... ..............................................................................
6 “I can’t deny that conditions are very poor.” .................... ..............................................................................
7 “I will do everything I can to improve the situation.” .................... ..............................................................................

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Unit 5

Outline for survey reports

Introduction Development Conclusion

state purpose and content of your summarise your information under make recommendations/suggestions
report or summarise the most ➡ suitable sub-headings ➡ or end with a general conclusion
important results of the survey

Useful language for reports

To introduce: The purpose/aim of this report, As requested, This report was written/carried out etc
To generalise: As a rule, In general, Generally, On the whole, As a general rule etc
To refer to a fact: The fact is that, In fact, In practice, As one might expect etc
To introduce other people’s opinions: Many people consider, Some people argue/believe/claim etc
To conclude/summarise: In conclusion, On the whole, All things considered, To sum up etc

8 Your boss has asked you to conduct a survey about hotels in Maytown.
a. Read the two models and decide which model:

1 is good 4 includes facts and generalisations 7 uses the passive voice

2 is more formal 5 includes irrelevant details 8 is more objective
3 uses short forms 6 is more impersonal 9 does not include sub-headings

b. Underline the facts and circle the generalisations in the first model.

M
To: Mr Robertson OD
1 EL
From: Sally Smith
Subject: Travellers’ Accommodation in Maytown
Introduction
This report was written to analyse the results of a recent survey about
the city’s hotels. In this survey, hotel managers from the city’s 25 hotels
were asked about the hotel’s size, rooms, services available and prices.
Hotel facilities
The majority of hotels in Maytown are well equipped, with air-conditioned
rooms, television and private bathrooms. This is shown by the fact that
70% of hotels offer these facilities. The usual services are also
provided by most of the hotels. This is shown by the fact that nearly all
ation
of the hotels surveyed provide room service, laundry service and a free L Accommod
maid service. However, free exercise facilities are not so usual. In fact DE Travellers’
M
O 2 in Maytown
only 3% of the hotels offer free use of an exercise room. On the other g 25
aytown by askin
hand swimming facilities are available, with 80% of the hotels having
is su rv ey ab ou t the hotels in M offe r.
outdoor pools and 4% having both indoor and outdoor facilities. Access I carried out th and what facilitie
s they
l m an ag ers ab out their hotels ith nice rooms offering
a
to food and drink is obviously considered important. This is shown by hote t ho te ls are big w lot of
, m os suites, to o. A
the fact that all of the hotels surveyed have a bar area and restaurant. To start with and a few have
vi sion an d a pr ivate bathroom or eo ver, some hotels ha
ve
Prices tele ra nt s an d bars. M ve go t
re st au er, yo u’
hotels also have d laun dry se rv ice. Howev
In general, the price-range of Maytown’s hotels is quite high. Our om service an
maid service, ro town’s hotels.
survey showed that the average price of a double room is between í85
for br eakf as t at most of May at many hotels,
but
and í120 per night. Added to this, only 14% of the hotels include to pa y
sw im m ing po ols can be found gu es ts .
In addition, r their
ercise rooms fo
breakfast in the basic price.
ly ve ry fe w ho tels have free ex are qu ite expensive so I
on te ls in Maytown iced
Conclusion In conclusion , th e ho offer cheaper pr
th ey bu ild so me hotels which yw he re to stay
The survey clearly indicates that Maytown has only a certain category recommend that a lot of people who can’
t find an
I kn ow
of hotels. On the whole, the existing hotels are well-equipped, rooms, because
comfortable and offer excellent services. However, there seems to be in the summer.
a lack of lower-priced hotels for the more price-conscious traveller.

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Unit 5

Assessing Good and Bad points

ñ When you are asked to write a report assessing the good and bad points of something such as a restaurant,
a museum, a course etc, you should include both its positive and negative aspects and comment on them.
ñ Bear in mind that you should use appropriate linking words to connect the good and bad aspects of each point.
e.g. The airline ticket was rather expensive; however, the food and the service were excellent.
ñ You may use the following outline in order to write your report:

Outline for assessing good and bad points

Introduction Development Conclusion

state the purpose and ➡ summarise each point giving both ➡ general assessment and
content of your report positive and negative aspects recommendation

Useful language
To introduce: The purpose/aim of this report, As requested, This report was carried out/was written etc
To express reality: In fact, actually, As a matter of fact, In practice etc
To make contrasting points: Although, Yet, However, Nevertheless, In spite of etc
To express difference between appearance and reality: On the face of it, At first sight, Apparently etc
To conclude/summarise: Taking everything into account, All things considered, To sum up etc

9 Look at the two models below and decide which is good and which is bad. Give reasons for your answer.
Then underline the linking words in the good model and list the good and bad points mentioned.
You work for a tour operator and have recently visited a new camp site. Write a report for your boss describing
the resort, and the facilities it offers, commenting on its good and bad points.

MODEL 1
To: Mr Michaelson
From: Jane Barton
Subject: Hillside Camping - Bagsbottom-by-Sea
Introduction
As requested, the purpose of this report is to describe and assess the
suitability of this camp site for inclusion in our brochure.
Location
The site consists of a 500 m2 field overlooking the village of
Bagsbottom-by-Sea. It is easily accessible to customers arriving by
road or rail. Although the site offers an outstanding view, it is not MODEL 2
protected from the wind. It can, in fact, become quite chilly in the
evenings.
I don’t think we should include this campsite in our
Features brochure. In my opinion it’s not very good. The only thing I liked
Hillside has a large shower block consisting of 10 showers and toilets about it is that it is easy to get to and has a nice view of the sea.
for men and the same for women. However, the cleanliness of the Firstly, it has lots of showers and toilets but they are dirty
shower and toilet blocks is not of an acceptable standard. There is a and it gets really cold at night. The restaurant is expensive and I
bus service to the village, yet it is inconvenient as since it runs only didn’t like the hamburger I had there.
every 30 or 60 minutes. Hillside also has a launderette, a restaurant Also, you have to catch a bus to the village and I don’t know
and a bar, although the restaurant and bar are expensive. about you, but I hate waiting for buses. I’m not sure how often
Conclusion they run because I got bored waiting and caught a taxi.
On the face of it, Hillside Camping offers an outstanding view, a bar To sum up, I had a really boring time so we shouldn’t put
and a restaurant. However, the facilities are below standard. Taking Hillside in our brochure unless we want to lose customers.
everything into account, I would not recommend including this site in
our brochure.

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Unit 5

Witness Statements

ñ A witness statement is a report written to give necessary information about an incident to the police. Using sequencing,
it describes what happened from the point of view of a witness or somebody involved in the incident and is, therefore,
written in the first person. A statement should be a combination of facts, hypothesis and relevant details such as times
e.g. it was about 1.00 and descriptions e.g. the woman was tall with red hair.
ñ Hypothesis can be used if the witness wants to say what they think happened, or to describe a person involved e.g. He
could have been distracted by, I think he was about 30 years old. etc
ñ The language in a witness statement does not necessarily have to be formal; short forms can be used. e.g. He’d just
turned the corner when ...

Outline for Witness Statements

Introduction Development Conclusion

set the scene (time ➡ description of the main events and people ➡ final result of the incident
- place - people involved) involved, hypothesis and evidence

Useful language for witness statements:I noticed, I could hear, I saw, it could have been, I think, it is possible, it is probable

1 0 Match the evidence with the hypothesis.

EVIDENCE HYPOTHESIS
A therefore the thief co
s left unlocked,
1 The kitchen window wa getting off the bike and
uld have observed me
entering the supermark
et.
2 I saw the suspect leaving the boutique with a large
bag over her shoulder, B he or she may be one of my employees who
knew where certain pieces are kept.
while I was inside the
3 My bicycle was stolen C therefore the robbe
supermarket, rs could have entered thr
the window. ough
4 The kidnappers grabbed me as I was leaving my
D so I believe that the stolen merchandise may
daily piano lesson,
have been in that bag.
only certain pieces of
5 Because the thief stole E so they might have be
en watching me for we
vaults, eks
jewellery from selected to discover my daily rou
tine.

1 1 Read the following evidence and complete the sentences by writing appropriate hypotheses.
1 I described the mugger as being average height and exiting the building and walking away quickly, so .......
overweight, so ................................................................ 4 I saw a man running through my neighbour’s back gar-
2 At 11 pm I heard a loud banging noise coming from the den, therefore .................................................................
car park outside, therefore ............................................ 5 The lock on the back door was old and in need of repair,
3 Seconds before the bomb exploded, I saw three men so ....................................................................................

1 2 Read this witness statement. Underline the evidence and circle the hypothesis.
As I was walking along Western Road at about 11.00 on Saturday morning I saw a red car pull up in front of me and two
men jumped out and ran into Woolworths. I didn’t really pay any attention until I heard screams coming from inside the shop.
When I got closer I saw one man holding a gun while the other emptied a cash register. I couldn’t see them very well,
but one was fairly tall with brown hair and sunglasses and the other was shorter with very short blond hair. They were both
wearing jeans and were about 22 years old, so they could have been students. There was another man in the car who had
been waiting with the engine running, but I couldn’t see what he looked like. I think they must have panicked at that point,
because they came running out without waiting to fill their bag with money and jumped into the red car again.
As soon as the two men jumped into the car it drove off very fast in the direction of Churchill Square and the police arrived
soon after that.

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Unit 5

News reports

ñ News reports involve narrative techniques. Therefore you should refer to Unit 1 pages 24 - 29 in which narrative and
descriptive techniques are presented.

1 3 Read this news report and put the jumbled paragraphs in order. Then state the purpose of each paragraph.

Aircraft Disaster Residents of the area

rushed from their homes as fire
Chief Fire Officer, Sergeant Ben Williams, said, “We are and rescue teams arrived at the
using all available manpower to free the crew and passengers scene. At present, 215
still in the wreckage. Two of our men are in the craft trying to passengers and crew have
keep morale up among the injured while we work at getting been rescued from the aircraft.
them out.” An extensive investigation is already underway into A further 82 remain trapped
the cause of the crash and details will be published as they inside due to the fact that the
become available. aircraft is lying on its side and most exits are blocked. Due to
The small town of Brindon was shaken awake at 3.20 am the time and location of the crash, there were fortunately no
this morning when a Delta Airlines 757 aircraft crash-landed in casualties outside the aeroplane, but there was serious
the grounds of the local primary school. damage to the school and surrounding area.

1 4 a. Compare the two models below and say which is a news report and which is a witness statement.
Then decide which model

1 is more formal 3 contains personal opinion 5 uses the passive voice more frequently
2 uses short forms 4 contains only facts 6 contains evidence and hypothesis

b. Read the models again and state the purpose of each paragraph.

B. Local Teenager Kidnapped

A.
nday
from school on Mo The 17-year-old teenage daughter of a local couple
I was walking home be hin d by a was set free on Thursday after being held captive by
s grabbed from
afternoon when I wa wh ere I wa s kidnappers for three days. Jean Smith was said to be
into a car,
woman and thrown recovering well at her home, where she was being
d.
immediately blindfolde d in a
We arrived at a ho use where I was locke cared for by her parents.
an d wa ter and Jean±s ordeal began last week as she was walking
I was given food
room until Thursday. br ou gh t me my home from school. She was bundled into a car,
The person who
allowed to watch TV. s ve ry tal l an d blindfolded and driven off to a house where she was
same man. He wa
food was always the . As ea ch da y locked in a small room. She was given food and water
and an earring
thin with a bald head we re ge tting and was allowed to watch television, which enabled her
t the kidnappers
went by, it seemed tha of my
be cause news reports to keep up with the news about her kidnapping. After
increasingly nervous lot of the time police stormed the house where she was being kept,
antly on TV. A
kidnapping were const n ar gu ing over Jean was released unharmed by her kidnappers.
n and a woma
I could hear several me giv e the m the The head of the police team that secured Jean±s
my father to
how they’d arrange for suc h a lar ge release said: “We are pleased that our operation was
they demanded
ransom money. Since pr ob ab ly be en successful and that Jean is now back home with her
nk that they±d
sum of money, I thi an d kn ew my parents where she belongs.” Four men and one woman
for some time
observing my family ord the
no wn surgeon, could aff who were in the house where Jean was kept are in
father, who’s a well-k police custody and are facing charges of kidnapping.
ransom. n the
a noise outside, and the Police are investigating a possible link to the kidnap last
On Thursday I heard l yo u it’s good month of a wealthy local businessman, which was
ed me. I can tel
police came in and fre carried out in a similar style.
to be home again.

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Unit 5

1 5 Read the following report about the Roxy Cinema 1 6 Read this news report then write Mrs Kirkman’s
and write appropriate headings for each section. witness statement about what happened.

MODEL 1
To: Mr Donaldson
From: Mavis Tyler
Subject: Roxy Cinema, Townsville

...............................................
As requested, this report describes and assesses the
suitability of the Roxy Cimema, Townsville as a host for the
“Horror Films of the 20th Century” Festival.
............................................... MODEL 2
Situated in the centre of town, the Roxy is easily accessible
by public transport. However, for those travelling by car, parking Pensioner Attacked
s brutally
can be expensive and difficult to find. year-old pensioner, wa
Maeve Kirkman, a 77- Kensington
............................................... ay night at her home in
attacked last Wednesd ng by her
The usual cost of an adult ticket is í5, though the ed early Thursday morni
Street. She was discover
management is willing to issue a season pass which would reduce
next door neighbour. aking a
this to í3. Although the administration has been cooperative over Kirkman’s home by bre
The thief entered Mrs her jewellery
the season pass, it refuses to consider a discount for students. As attacked her and stole
back window. He then
you know, students make up 40% of our society membership.
and í150. Brown,
............................................... her neighbour, Mrs
On Thursday morning answer her
The Roxy has been decorated and refurnished recently so Mrs Kirkman did not
became worried when house and
the seats are extremely comfortable. Unfortunately, the screen is Mrs Brown checked the
telephone or doorbell. d police
quite small and would, in fact, reduce the impact of the films. The n window and alerte
discovered the broke house and
auditorium is large, heightening the sense of solitude and general Mrs Brown entered the
immediately. Meanwhile ambulance
atmosphere. an until the police and
attended to Mrs Kirkm
...............................................
arrived. ad, face,
The cinema has a snack bar offering a wide variety of hot and tained injuries to the he
The elderly woman sus ’s Ho spital.
cold snacks and drinks. There are also a number of ushers to ble condition at St Anne
and chest. She is in sta the case
help you to your seats. The snack bar is actually quite expensive, r CID who is investigating
Sergeant Roy of Minste Bro , the
wn
beyond the economic range of our student members. entive neighbour, Mrs
said: “Thanks to the att recovery.”
.............................................. ck and is making a good
woman survived the atta organising a
In spite of a number of bad points, I would recommend the al police department is
He added that the loc neighbours
Roxy Cinema for our Horror Festival. All things considered, it check on their elderly
plan for residents to
presents a pleasant venue at a reasonable price.
daily.

1 7 Identify what kind of reports the following topics are. Then write the outlines which should be followed.
Finally write any four of them in the appropriate style using 120-180 words.

1 You work as a journalist on a newspaper. You have been treatment you received and how you think their service
sent to report on a hurricane that recently struck the West could be improved.
Indies. Write a report for the newspaper, describing the 4 You work for a travel agent and have recently carried out a
damage that the hurricane caused and commenting on survey into the number of people who take holidays
how local people are dealing with the damage. abroad every summer. Write a report analysing the results
2 You work for a sports magazine and have recently attended of the survey.
an international football match. Write a report for the 5 You were recently involved in a minor car crash. You must
magazine describing the match, saying how well- now write a report for the police describing what
organised it was, who won, and mentioning any famous happened.
players you saw there. 6 You have recently visited a new leisure centre and your
3 You have recently travelled by aeroplane to Spain. The company is interested in what facilities are available there.
airline is interested in what passengers think of their service. Write a report for your company describing the leisure centre
Write a report for the airline describing your flight, the and its facilities, commenting on its good and bad points.

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Unit 6

◆ Look at the pictures.

Where do you think these
people are from?
Are there Gypsy
people in your country?
How are they treated?
Do you know anything about
their lifestyle?

Read the following

statements then listen to
the text of Part 1 and fill in
the missing information.

a The Appleby fair is said to

have started in ................. .
b Gypsies started to attend
the fair in the .......................
century.
c The gypsy people left : Part 1
Northern India in the
....................... century. You are going to read a magazine article about the Romany people
d There are thought to be (Gypsies). Choose from the list (A-H) the sentence which best summarises
around ........................ . each part (1-6) of the article. There is one extra sentence which you do not
Romanies in the world. need to use. There is an example at the beginning (0).
e About ...................... gypsies
live in Romania.
f In England in the ................
century, the punishment for A The Gypsy people originally came from India.
speaking Romany was death. The Gypsy culture and lifestyle will continue unchanged into the
B future.
In Medieval England, the people mistakenly believed the Gypsies
C came from Egypt.

D The fair has a long history.

E Many millions of Gypsies live in Britain.

Gypsies in England have an annual fair where horses are bought and
F sold.

G Some Gypsies may hide their identity to escape persecution.

Throughout the year Gypsies travel around Britain, working and
H taking part in fairs.

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Part 1
Unit 6

Romanies: 1,000 years on the road

actually came about by mistake. Gypsy roots to avoid the trouble it can
0 F
When these mysterious dark-haired bring them. They have concealed their
people began arriving in England in language too. In England in the 16th
Every June, the larger part of Britain’s the Middle Ages, people assumed century the punishment for speaking
75,000-strong Gypsy population they came from Egypt. Gypsy is a Romany was death.
gather together at the town of Appleby modification of the word Egyptian.
for the famous horse fair. All week Gypsies actually claim to be specific 6
long silver caravans and trailers arrive people, a nation among nations, and
at the site - one of the world’s very few describe themselves using the word Gypsies and non-Gypsies often look
remaining displays of Gypsy culture. “Rom” which includes all descendants at each other with suspicion. Gypsy
of the people who left India a customs are rarely revealed and this is
1 thousand years ago. because of a distrust of outsiders.
However, the Gypsy lifestyle of
The main attraction of the fair is horse 5 travelling and working, along with their
dealing. Travellers have been coming customs and religion, have been
to Appleby for hundreds of years. There are thought to be around 15 maintained through the centuries,
References to the fair itself are found million Romanies in the world, with the whatever the attitude of outsiders, and
as early as 1176 and it’s believed that largest number (around 2 million) will undoubtedly continue for centuries
Gypsies started to attend it in the 13th living in Romania. Many hide their into the future.
century.

From Appleby the gypsies move on to

another town, St Boswell’s in the
borders then on to Cambridgeshire for
strawberry picking followed by the
Stow-on-the-Wold fair and Barnet fair.
That’s it until the next season, which
begins in June with a week of horse
racing at Epsom, where the Epsom
Derby race is the main horse racing
event of the Gypsy calendar. As the
saying goes, “You’re not a proper
Gypsy if you don’t go to Epsom.”

What makes a Gypsy? This has

proven a very difficult question to
answer. It seems that the Gypsy
people left Northern India in the 10th
century, gradually working their way
westwards and picking up parts of
different languages and various
cultures along the way.

The use of the word “Gypsy” as a

description for Romany people

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Part 1
Unit 6

✒ 1 Fill in the gaps with the correct word(s) from the

list below.
distrust of, reference to, persecution, reveal,
descendant, modifications, conceal, maintain
1 The Indians try to ........................ their ancient customs in the modern
world. (keep)
2 He has made some ........................................ to his car. He has repainted
it and changed the engine. (changes)
3 The ................................................ of witches was widespread in the Middle Ages. (cruel and unfair treatment)
4 She is a(n) ................................................... of Winston Churchill - he was her great-great-grandfather. (relative)
5 Peter was afraid of being arrested, so he tried to ............................................. his identity from the police. (hide)
6 His mother’s ........................................... him was such that he wasn’t allowed to go out alone. (lack of faith in)
7 The spy was instructed never to ........................................................................... her true identity. (make known)
8 The lawyer made no ................................................................................ the burglar’s criminal past. (mention of)

✒ 2 Fill in the appropriate word(s) from the

list. Use the word only once.
gypsy to move on to work
✒
1
4 Find the odd word out.

reveal - conceal - uncover - expose

the saying long to attend 2 gather - pick - deal - collect
racing customs to pick up 3 recommend - attend - suggest - propose
4 trailers - inhabitants - residents - population
1 horse ................ event 6 .................... their way

✒
2 ........................ history westwards
3 ........................... a fair 7 ........... are maintained 5 Choose the correct item.
4 ................. a language 8 as ...................... goes
5 ......... to another town 9 ........................... roots

✒ 3 Complete the following text with the

correct word derived from the words
in brackets.
1 Sam was so tired that he caught the wrong train
by .......... .
A error B fault C mistake D oversight

The Masai people of 2 Are there any .............. reasons why you don’t
1) ................... (centre) like him?
Africa are one of the few A specific B chief C main D characteristic
ancient tribes that remain
almost untouched by 3 Her ............ towards her mother was rude and
2) .............. (civilise) as we unacceptable.
know it today. They are a A handling B treatment C behaviour D position
very close-knit people and
live in clans, with the eldest 4 There was a huge firework ...... to celebrate the royal
members of the tribe acting wedding.
as 3) ............... (lead). The A display B exhibition C show D performance
food that they eat consists
4) .................... (sole) of 5 She ............ the identity of the murderer to the police.
produce that they have A demonstrated B uncovered C revealed D exposed
grown and meat that their
6 People have an endless .......... with Hollywood
warriors have caught while
film stars.
hunting. Only Masai men
A attraction B appeal C charm D fascination
are allowed to hunt while
the women are responsible
for the 5) ................ (cultivate) of grains and vegetables.

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Part 1
Unit 6

✒ 6 Fill in the blanks with a suitable word.

a. culture, custom, tradition, civilisation c. occasion, incident, episode, event

1 The Incas were an ancient South American ............. . 1 In the ......................... of fire, raise the alarm.
2 Music is an important part of American .................... . 2 A nasty .................. took place outside that bar last
3 The Japanese have a ........... of bowing to each other night; two men were stabbed.
when they meet. 3 On that ...................., she was lost for words.
4 It is a Christmas ........... to hang out a stocking on 4 This is the second .............. of the TV series.
Christmas Eve.
d. fair, festival, bazaar, gala
b. race, match, game, contest
1 The children enjoyed the rides at the fun ........ .
1 The runners were extremely tired after the .......... . 2 A .......... performance took place to mark the Queen’s
2 The football .......... was called off because of the rain. birthday.
3 The children played a .................... of football. 3 The Cannes film .................... is a big event for the
4 My sister entered a beauty ........... and came second. film industry.
4 I bought a jar of home-made jam at the church ...... .

✒ 7 Fill in the appropriate particles.

1 The party didn’t quite come ................... as well as I’d 5 I wanted to go sailing last week but I came ................
hoped as hardly anyone turned up. (succeed) ........... a bad cold and couldn’t go. (became ill with)
2 “Why don’t you come ................... more often? We all 6 John came ............... a fortune when his uncle died.
miss you,” she said. (visit casually) (inherited)
3 If you come ............... that new book, will you buy it 7 The teenager could not come .................. ..................
for me?(find by chance) a good excuse for coming home so late. (find)
4 Tickets for tomorrow’s performance will be very hard 8 When Helen’s new novel came ..............., it caused a
to come ......................... . (obtain) sensation. (was published)

Grammar Check
◆ Read the text again, then close your books and
write down five facts about the Romanies. Fill in as or like.
◆ Look at the following pictures. In pairs discuss
these people’s lifestyles. What do you think are 1 He wasn’t ............. surprised .............. I
the main differences between their lifestyles? expected him to be, which isn’t ............ him.
In what ways might 2 John looks so much ............... Sarah; it’s
their lives be similar? ............. if they were brother and sister.
3 The professor is seen ............ an expert in the
field of archaeology but ........ far .......... I know
he’s never been to Egypt.
4 It looks ............ though it’s going to rain. It didn’t
rain ........... much ............. this last spring, did it?
5 He treats me ........... a child. It’s ........... if I was
still ten years old. I feel ........... I’m still at school.
6 .......... I mentioned, we must try to behave more
............ adults if we want to be treated .............
them.
7 If you do ............. I say, you will soon feel ...........
a new person, .......... if you’ve started a new
life.
8 She’s ............. pretty ............. a picture, just
............. her mother was at that age.

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Part 2
Unit 6

: Part 2
◆ Can you swim? If so, when You are going to read an article about learning to swim. For questions (7-13)
did you learn to swim? How? choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the
Do you think it is important text.
to be able to swim?

◆ Think of as many words as

possible related to the theme As the water reached her waist Helen felt herself starting to panic. It
was ridiculous, she told herself. Here she was a fully grown woman
“Swimming”.
wearing armbands and a buoyancy aid around her waist and grasping a
float. But she was still terrified of water.
Read the following questions,
then listen to the text of Part 2 At 43, and married with two children, Helen was deeply ashamed of
and answer the questions. the fact she couldn’t swim. She hadn’t had swimming lessons at school
as there had been no facilities. As she’d got older, her natural distrust of
a Why was Helen deeply water turned into a phobia.
ashamed?
“I was okay as long as my feet were touching the bottom, but the
b How many times did Helen moment I floated free, I’d panic. My heart began racing, my stomach
try to learn to swim? would tighten and I couldn’t bear anybody near me.”
c How did Helen finally
overcome her fear of water? In 1975 when she enrolled for lessons at her local swimming pool it
d Where did she celebrate her was a disaster. The instructor did get her to do a few strokes but she
remained absolutely terrified.
birthday?
When her two children - Daniel, now 19 and Laura, 17 - were young,
Helen tried again but her progress was slow and she soon gave in,
thinking there was no point carrying on.
And that was exactly how things would have stayed if it hadn’t been
for the Splash school of swimming in Leeds, near Helen’s home. When
one of the school’s leaflets dropped through her letterbox one day last
March, Helen was inspired to give swimming one more go.
“In the past, whenever I said I was starting lessons the whole family
would say “Oh no, not again” so this time I didn’t tell anybody. I just
phoned up Splash and booked a course.”
At first Helen was as scared as ever but gradually, with the teacher’s
help, she began to make progress. The school taught Helen as part of a
small group and the instructors stayed in the water with her. They were
very patient and that was what she needed. Other instructors at other
schools had bullied her and so she’d become discouraged. At Splash,
however, they were very understanding.
After a few months, Helen was able to take off the armbands and
started going to another class at her local sports centre. Soon she could
swim a whole length of the swimming pool.
Then, just when things were looking up and Helen was able to swim
half a dozen lengths, she suddenly lost her nerve again. One day, out of
the blue, she had a panic attack and started shaking and shivering with
fear.
Determined not to let this defeat her after she’d come so far, Helen
went to a hypnotherapist who gave her subconscious suggestions to
help her overcome her fears. She was soon back in the water with
renewed assurance.
And now Helen can swim 64 lengths of her local swimming pool,
which is much more than a mile. To celebrate her success she hired the
pool at her local sports centre for a birthday celebration. Helen shows
the rest of us anything can be achieved if you want to do it badly enough.

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Part 2
Unit 6

7 Helen knew that her fear was 11 At the Splash school the instructors

A logical. A made her learn at the group’s pace.

B unreasonable. B bullied her.
C based on past experiences. C didn’t rush her.
D quite common. D explained her fears to her.

8 Why hadn’t Helen learnt to swim? 12 Why did Helen go to a hypnotherapist?

A She had always been terrified of water. A She realised she would never be able to swim.
B She hadn’t had the opportunity. B She suddenly lost her courage.
C She had distrusted her instructor at school. C She suddenly forgot how to swim.
D The school pool had been too deep. D She wanted to forget her past fears.

13 Which of these phrases best sums up the article?

9 What happened the first time Helen had lessons?
A Fear can be useful.
A She didn’t get over her fears.
B Not everyone can do everything.
B She was afraid of the teachers.
C You should never give up.
C She managed to swim a reasonable distance.
D Everyone is different.
D She nearly drowned.

10 How did Helen’s family react to her repeated

efforts to learn to swim?

A They criticised her.

B They supported her.
C They were patient with her.
D They made fun of her.

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Part 2
Unit 6

✒ 1 Fill in the gaps with the correct

word(s) from the list below:
defeated, armbands, drowned, leaflet,
subconscious, float, bullied, inspired,
instructor, achieved

1 Children usually wear ....................................................

to help them stay afloat in the water. (inflatable floats)
2 As John was very small, he was always ................. by
the older boys. (harassed)
3 “Swimming and Safety” is an information .................................................. that everyone should read. (pamphlet)
4 When the Titanic sank, most people on board .................... . (died from being unable to breathe underwater)
5 Freud thought that dreams were .............................................. wishes and desires. (not of the conscious mind)
6 In swimming lessons people often have to swim holding onto a(n) .................. . (light object that doesn’t sink)
7 The dance ............................................................................. showed the students how to do the steps. (teacher)
8 The Chicago Bulls .................................................... the LA Lakers 56-48 in yesterday’s basketball match. (beat)
9 By the age of 30 Jane had ............................................................................................ all her ambitions. (fulfilled)
10 Helen’s striving for perfection has ................................................................ others to do the same. (encouraged)

✒ 2 Fill in the appropriate word(s) from the

list. Use each word only once.
to shake out of to book
✒ 4 Fill in the correct word derived from the
words in brackets.

my heart panic birthday Learning to swim can

fully grown to enrol to want be a 1) ......................
deeply to overcome to give (frighten) experience,
and the older you are,
1 a(n) .............. woman 7 .................... a course the more 2) ................
2 ................... ashamed 8 ....... something badly (courage) you need
3 ................ for lessons 9 a(n) ................. attack to be. The first step is
4 a(n) ........ celebration 10 .................... with fear to actually get into the
5 ............ began racing 11 .................... my fears water without
6 .......... it one more go 12 ..................... the blue panicking, which

✒
many people have
3 Fill in the correct particle(s). 3) ..............................
(difficult) doing. Once
1 He was taken ................ when he learnt the truth you are in the water
about her past. (was strongly surprised) you should try to relax,
2 She takes ...................... her mother, with her dark which can be done
curly hair and blue eyes. (looks like) with the help of your
3 The dress was too big for her so she took it 4) .............. (instruct),
..................... . (made it smaller) who will be 5) .............
4 When she wore sunglasses she was often taken (know) about
......................... Madonna. (was identified wrongly) relaxation techniques.
5 The plane took ................ at 7.00 am this morning. If you can overcome
(left the airport) your anxiety and start
6 When he became headmaster he took ..................... to feel at home in the
extra work. (undertook) water, learning to
7 The company was taken ................ by a big French swim will come 6) ..................... (nature), and will
conglomerate. (taken control of) 7) ................... (doubt) be one of the most
8 After his retirement he took ............ golf to keep fit. 8) ........................ (reward) experiences of your life.
(began to do sth as a hobby)

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Part 2
Unit 6

✒ 5 Fill in the blanks with a suitable word.

a. trainer, instructor, teacher, professor, coach

3 I was standing at the bus stop when a man came up
.................. and snatched my purse. (unexpectedly)
4 “If you make me angry, I’ll ...........................
................,” she threatened. (become hysterical)
1 The ......................... who taught me at university was 5 Susan has got ...........................................; let’s go
very knowledgeable. and cheer her up! (depression)
2 She hired a professional .........................to teach her
how to swim.
3 His ......................... says that he is improving in all
his subjects at school.
✒ 7 Fill in the words from the list:
swimming pool, diving board, relax,
splashing, flippers, diving, lifeguard,
4 A new ............. was hired to school the race horses.
5 The school hired a new ........ for the swimming team. back-stroke, swim, float, goggles,
breast-stroke
b. registered, recruited, subscribed, recorded,
enrolled, enlisted Children at a very young
age are taught to
1 She ..................... in evening classes to learn 1) ............ because it is
English. easy for babies to learn
2 He only ......................... for the autumn semester. to 2) ...............in the
3 She’s trying to improve her Spanish so she has water. Mothers join their
......................... to a Spanish magazine. babies in the 3) .............
4 After finishing high school, he was ......... in the army. ..................... and gently
5 The boss ............... five new employees last Monday. 4) .......................... them
6 All important information was ............................. for around in the water.
reference purposes. Some babies enjoy

✒
5) ............... around and
6 Fill in the blanks with the correct idiom it has been shown that
from the list: these babies will usually become very good swimmers.
Toddlers are taught the 6) ............... first, in which the
out of the blue, black and blue, once in a arms are extended in front of the head and then pulled
blue moon, the blues, scream blue murder sideways. At a later stage the 7) ................. is easily
1 After the bicycle accident my arms and legs were learnt, the main difference being that one is floating on
........................................... (bruised). one’s back. Toddlers also enjoy using extra equipment
2 I hardly ever see Mark; he drops by to see me like 8) ............. so they can see underwater and
........................................... (not very often). 9) ............. that provide extra speed. In addition, children
can practise 10) ................ into the pool from a
11) .................. under the supervision of a
12) ..................... .

◆ Read the text again and give it a title, then make

notes under the following headings: Useful Grammar Check
equipment - How to treat the learner - Possible
problems
Fill in “if” or “when” and put the verbs in
Using your notes and the following expressions,
brackets into the correct tense.
explain to your partner what he/she needs to do
in order to learn how to swim: You ought to 1 John is coming to visit us ............................. he
wear ..., Try not to ..., Don’t worry if ..., ............................. (finish) his homework.
You should ..., It would be best not to ... etc 2 I’ll pick you up at the station ................ I ............
◆ A friend of yours wants to learn how to swim. (have) time.
Write a letter to him/her giving advice. 3 She doesn’t know ................ Rick ...............
Write 120-180 words. (phone) her tomorrow.
Para 1: friendly greeting - reasons for writing 4 ................ you come home, .............. (you/help)
Para 2: advice about special equipment me cook dinner?
Para 3: advice about possible problems 5 ................ Jane finishes her work early today,
Para 4: closing remarks she ........................... (meet) us at the pub.

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Part 3
Unit 6

: Part 3
You are going to read a magazine article about ways to become a millionaire.
Eight paragraphs have been removed from the article. Choose from the
paragraphs A-I the one which fits each gap (14-20). There is an example at
the beginning (0).

So You Want To Be A Millionaire?

There is no specific formula you can There are many courses and self-help
use to become a millionaire. At manuals available to help you reach
school, we are told that gaining the top. There is even a magazine
knowledge is all that we need to do called Personal Success, filled with
well in society. ads for courses that will “transform
0 E your thinking and behaviour ”.
Other studies show that there is little 17
connection between how well “Success does not happen by
children do at school and the success accident,” says Michael Breen, who
they achieve as adults. At the runs seminars on various aspects of
moment, there are 95,000 millionaires being successful. “Successful
in Britain alone. Those who recently people,” says Breen, “are the ones
became millionaires come from a who, when something doesn’t work,
wide variety of backgrounds. try something else. Unsuccessful
14 people keep on doing the same thing,
only harder.”
If you are not born wealthy, you may
be able to take advantage of your 18
good looks. Dr Raymond Bull of Breen gets students to concentrate on
◆ Look at the pictures.
Portsmouth University says that good specific tasks that need attention,
What do they represent?
looks make early life easier. He then rather than allowing themselves to be
Would you like to be a
adds that people expect a overwhelmed by a mountain of things
millionaire? What is good
goodlooking person to be kinder and waiting to be done. He makes his
or bad about being rich?
more efficient. students concentrate on getting one
What does “success” mean
15 thing done, and helps them focus on
to you?
the good feeling it produces when the
Professor Cooper has divided job has finished.
Try to answer these T/F successful people into two
statements by guessing, then categories: the entrepreneurs and the 19
listen to the text of Part 3 and intrapreneurs. The former often left However, what none of these
find out if your guesses were school early, and had several techniques do is to look at the quality
correct. business disasters. They have of your life, or consider whether the
a All successful people were awkward personalities, but they are price of success is too high.
good at school. very determined. The latter, however, 20
b There are 95,000 have risen up through the levels of
organisations. They are the children One thing is sure, though. True
millionaires in Britain. success turns out to be based on
c Many wealthy people everyone thought would do well. Over
half of them went to universities. They more than motivation. There is a need
inherited their money. for harmony, balance, creativity and
d Appearance improves your are good organisers and get on well
with people. healthy relationships.
chances of success.
e In order to succeed one 16
needs to focus on many However, even if you were born poor
tasks at a time. and lack the height or looks of a top
f Success is based model, there is still plenty you can do
on motivation alone. to improve your chances of success.
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Part 3
Unit 6

One dramatic difference between Cooper’s two groups is that many of the intrapreneurs felt that they had
A been the victims of discrimination early on in their lives. This has not been the case for the entrepreneurs.

In his training programmes, Breen shows people how to get rid of negative thoughts and put themselves
B in a more productive frame of mind. He believes that motivation is the key.

The easiest way is to start out wealthy. In a survey of the richest 200 people in Britain, more than fifty per
C cent had inherited money. Twenty-five per cent of those who head large corporations were born into
wealthy families.
Entrepreneurs are “anxious people, non-conformists, poorly-organised, and not strangers to self-
D destructive behaviour”. Twenty-five per cent of top executives are unhappy with the long hours they have
to work and the destructive effect on their family life.
However, a recent study by Professor Gary Cooper, of the University of Manchester Institute of Science
E and Technology, has proven this wrong. Professor Cooper studied the lives of successful entrepreneurs
and discovered that sixty per cent left school early, either due to expulsion or boredom.
Another useful feature is height. Other qualities being equal, employers are more likely to select taller
F candidates to fill vacancies.

Most of today’s courses on positive thinking originate in America. Many start by emphasizing the
G importance of self-belief, and its role in being successful.

However, it is possible to be too beautiful. You can easily find yourself employed as a decorative
H figurehead while your less attractive colleagues are moving up the career ladder.

All these methods are the result of the fact that the old idea of a career ladder leading to success in big
I corporations no longer applies. There is much greater emphasis on personal development.

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Part 3
Unit 6

✒ 1 Fill in the gaps with the correct

word(s) from the list below:
discrimination, awkward, lacks,
executive, vacancy, focus, originated,
entrepreneur, motivation, expulsion
1 Jack’s business associates consider him to be a(n)
......................................... (innovative businessman)
2 He has talent, but he’ll never succeed because he
........................................ enthusiasm. (doesn’t have)
3 She felt ................................................................................... speaking in front of an audience. (uncomfortable)
4 She was promoted to the position of senior .................................................................. in the company. (official)
5 One needs to ............................................................................................... on one goal at a time. (concentrate)
6 A better salary was my main ....................................................................................... for changing jobs. (reason)
7 .................................................... against women often makes it difficult for them to find jobs. (unfair treatment)
8 His ............................................................... from school was due to his disruptive behaviour in class. (ejection)
9 Although the music is thought to have ............. in Peru, it is now very fashionable in the States. (had its roots)
10 We would employ you, but unfortunately there isn’t a(n) .................................. at the moment. (position open)

✒ 2 Choose the correct item. b. gains, wins, earns, beats

1 Peter works in an office and .............. í300 per week.
2 That basketball team ......................... almost every
1 We’ve visited both Oxford and London; we
game they play.
found the ........... to be more beautiful.
3 She .................. a lot of experience by working there.
A early B former C previous D premature
4 David always ..................... his opponents.

✒
2 He found it difficult to ................ with all that noise.
4 Complete the following text with the
A concentrate B consider C calculate D comprehend
correct derivative of the words in
brackets.
3 Her cheerful attitude is her most positive ........... .
A condition B mark C angle D quality Albert Einstein once said: “Try
not to become a man of
4 Her ................... at the university this term include success but rather try to
Biochemistry, Physics and Genetics. become a man of value.” The
1) ........... (success) opera
A conferences B courses C sessions D lessons
singer Barbara Hendricks is
one of those people who have
5 I’m afraid your composition ............ original ideas.
taken this saying to heart. Her
A fails B loses C lacks D misses 2) ................... (music) career
includes 3) .........................
6 Tom has built up a .............. business for himself. (perform) such as singing at
A prosperous B fortunate C well off D costly President Mitterand’s memorial
service in Notre Dame. However, these 4) ..............

✒
(achieve) are almost overshadowed by her 5) .............
3 Fill in the blanks with a suitable word. (determine) to aid casualties of war. Her humanitarian
efforts have taken her from the streets of Sarajevo to
a. disaster, tragedy, damage, ruin the war in Rwanda, where she has shown the 6) .........
(able) to be not only 7) ........ (help) but also 8) .............
1 It cost me í5,000 to repair the .................. to my car.
(compassion). In the past, she has also been able to
2 The death of his son was an absolute ..................... .
arrange charity events as she has many contacts with
3 Hundreds of people died in the train .................. .
9) ....... (fame) and 10) ....... (power) people. Due to her
4 Due to mismanagement of funds, the company is
11) ........ (commit) and 12) ........... (dedicate) she has
in financial ................... .
recently been awarded with the French Legion d’honneur.
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Part 3
Unit 6

✒ 5 Fill in the blanks with the correct

particle(s).
3 It is nice to ....... him, because he is an honest man.
4 After introducing my boss to the client we ............. .
5 You should ............................... and not interfere in
1 I can’t understand what you’re getting .................. other people’s affairs.
Can you be a bit more specific? (implying)

✒
2 You can have my seat, I’m getting .....................
the bus at the next stop. (descending from) 7 Fill in the gaps with a suitable idiom
3 Sam always gets .................. Mum and persuades from the list below:
her to let him go out. (coaxes) easy money, to make money, to get their
4 It took her a while to get .............. the shock of his money’s worth, to have money to burn,
death, but she managed in the end. (overcome) spend money like water, to be rolling in
5 I tried to call you last night but I couldn’t get money
.................. . (reach by phone)
6 It really gets me ................. to see starving children Many people enjoy playing
on the television. (depresses me) the lottery because they
7 The bank robbers managed to get .................. hope to make 1) .............. .
using a stolen car. (escaped) These gamblers dream of
8 Before you get ................... the train you must have winning millions of pounds
a ticket. (enter) and they try to imagine
what it would be like

✒ 6 Fill in the gaps with a suitable idiom

from the list below:
mind your own business, do business
2) .................. . Nowadays
it has become very difficult
3) ............... and everyone
wants 4) ........... when they
with, none of her business, business is go shopping. Although
business, got down to business 80% of the population play
the lottery every week, others say that they don’t want to
1 I told her that the way I live my life is ...................... . spend good money on gambling. However, it is difficult
2 My boss always says that ......................... and that to imagine what it would be like 5) ............... . If you could
personal feelings should not interfere. 6) .............., what would you do?

◆ Read the text again and report to the class what Grammar Check
the following people have to say about SUCCESS:
THE TEACHERS DR RAYMOND BULL
PROFESSOR COOPER MICHAEL BREEN Change into the passive.
Whose opinion do you agree with and why? The bus operator “Southern Travel” will refurbish*
all its buses this year. Southern Travel has also
◆ Write an article for a newspaper with the title ordered twenty brand new models. The new buses
“Success does not happen by accident”. Include will provide passengers with a high standard of
some information from the text in your article, luxury and comfort. People will use the buses more
following the outline below. Write 120 - 180 words. often, once Southern Travel improves its services.
Para. 1: refer to the title/state your general opinion Commuters should note that Southern Travel had
Para. 2: point(s) that bring(s) success expected to receive the new buses by December
Para. 3:} (knowledge, good looks, hard work, but due to a delay the manufacturers will now
determination, efficiency etc) deliver them in February.
Para. 4: conclude by restating that success *refurbish: re-equip and decorate sth
never happens by accident

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Part 4
Unit 6

: Part 4
◆ Do you read any You are going to read some information about some magazines. For
magazines? What kind? questions 21-35 choose from the magazines (A-G). Some of the magazines
Look at the magazine covers may be chosen more than once. When more than one answer is required,
and the titles in the text. these may be given in any order. There is an example at the beginning (0).
What might you find in
each magazine?
Which magazine or magazines would you recommend for someone who:
Listen to the text of Part 4
is interested in computers? 0 D
and match the titles of the
magazines in the left-hand
column with the subjects they is interested in getting value for money? 21
deal with in the right-hand
column. There are three extra likes betting on horses? 22
subjects which you will not use.
1 Kerpow a do-it-yourself is redecorating their house? 23
2 Metropolitan tips
Woman b hair-dressing 24
likes pop music?
3 Sparkle ideas
4 Tech-Knowledge c help for the
5 Gaming working mother wants to keep up with modern technology? 25
6 Home Maker d local news
7 Glamorous You e science wants tips on applying make-up? 26 27
f gardening tips
g knitting patterns
wants to find out when sporting events take
h cartoons and 28
place?
puzzles
i pop news
j sports recently started school? 29

is concerned about both family and career? 30

wants to improve their figure? 31 32

April 96
likes taking part in competitions? 33 34
í 1.50

enjoys cartoons? 35

Gaming
June 96
í 3.00
KERPOW
;
; ;
; ;
; ;
; ;
;
;
; ; ;
MAY 96

; ; ;
í 2.75

;
;
; ;
; ;
; ;
;
; ;
;
;
; ;
;
; ;
; ;
; ;
; ;
144 ; ; ;
;;;;;;;; ;
MISSION 1 ss_Unit 6_MISSION 1 ss_Unit 6 25/02/2013 6:27 ΜΜ Page 145

Part 4
Unit 6

Magazines

weekly feature on less well-known sports Gaming also prides

Kerpow! A
itself on the quality of its interviews with the world’s greatest
sporting personalities. If you are into sport, buy Gaming.
Tune into the beat of the 90’s. Kerpow! will fill you in with
exclusive interviews, news and reviews from the world of pop. Home Maker F
Enter our weekly Kerstar! competitions for a chance to win a
night out with one of your pop heroes, or have a look at the Do-It-Yourself enthusiasts will find thousands of creative ideas
Kerlassified! pages for info. on gigs, events, discos and in Home Maker. Whatever changes, additions or improvements
forthcoming releases. Collect Kercoupons! and save up for one you want to make to your house, from painting the walls to
of our fantastic C.D. compilations. building an extension, you’ll find stacks of handy hints. D.I.Y.
novices will find our clear instructions and diagrams invaluable,
Metropolitan Woman B while even the seasoned home-improvement enthusiast will be
impressed by this treasure-trove of information. With reports
Are you a dynamic career woman and a caring wife and on the latest innovations, consumer guides, price comparisons
mother? We at “MW” understand how challenging such a for a range of products and problem pages, HomeMaker is a
hectic life can be. Not only is “MW” full of ideas on how to must if you want to do the best job you can without spending a
survive in the rough and tumble of the world of work, it is also fortune.
full of handy hints to keep you looking your best. There’s a
weekly make-up slot and regular features on how to stay slim Glamorous You G
and trim. Our child psychologist keeps “MW” readers up to
date on child care, education and how to deal with all the If you want to make the most of your natural beauty, it takes
problems of being a mother. Are you a Metropolitan Woman? know-how. That’s why we at Glamorous You work with a team
of top health, beauty and fashion experts. We can give you all
Sparkle C the advice you need on everything from keeping trim to
choosing the right colour foundation. Every issue is divided
Your little ones will love Sparkle, the magazine for six to nine- into four sections: Health and

MW
year-olds. Packed with comic strips, stories, games, puzzles fitness, make-up, coiffure and
and competitions galore, its bright and cheerful pages will keep fashion, each of which will give
them busy for hours, as well as encouraging them to read, write you the inspiration to bring
and play with numbers. Voted Best Children’s Magazine by out the most Glamorous You.
readers of Metropolitan Woman, Sparkle will help your children April 96
grow into interested and enthusiastic youngsters. í 3.00

Tech-Knowledge D

Tech-Knowledge is quite simply the only science magazine that

TECH
absolutely anyone can understand. Let’s face it, in the modern
world everybody needs to know what new technological
advances are being made. If you find yourself constantly
L E D G E
embarrassed by other people’s knowledge, put an end to that K N O W
í 4.00
and subscribe to Tech-Knowledge. Before you know it, you’ll be April 96
able to impress your colleagues, and maybe even your kids!

Gaming E

The definitive sports magazine, Gaming tells you everything

that’s going on in the world of sport each week. As well as all
the information you could ever need about fixtures and results,
there are full write-ups on major events. If you want to know
about the form of your chosen horse, check out the Flutter
pages. The only all-round sports magazine that includes a

145
MISSION 1 ss_Unit 6_MISSION 1 ss_Unit 6 25/02/2013 6:27 ΜΜ Page 146

May 96 í 1.50

Unit 6
Part 4 SPORTS
Chef
April 96
í 1.75

✒ 1 Look at the following words in bold in

the text and try to explain them:
gigs, compilations, challenging, rough
and tumble, handy hints, trim, definitive,
fixtures, write-ups, stacks, treasure-trove,

✒
innovations, issue, inspiration

✒
3 In which type of magazine would you
2 Fill in the appropriate word(s) from the find the following? Some of them may
list. Use the word(s) only once. be used more than once.
forthcoming caring to enter household hints , comic strips, an article
natural to subscribe to spend about software, fixture lists, the top-ten,
to apply handy to tune into recipes, puzzles, agony aunt, horoscope,
comic problem technological tips on growing plants, a news story
about an ecological disaster , a review of
1 ........................................................................ beauty a match, competitions

✒
2 .......................................................................... strips
3 ..................................................................... releases 4 Fill in the blanks with the correct
4 ..................................................................... make-up particle(s).
5 ........................................................................... hints
6 ......................................................................... pages 1 During the sales, prices
7 ................................................... the beat of the 90’s were brought .............by
8 ........................................................................ mother as much as fifty percent.
9 ............................................................ to a magazine (reduced)
10 ................................................................... advances 2 The visit to his old
11 ............................................................. a competition school brought ..............
12 ..................................................................... a fortune memories of his
childhood. (recall)
3 His heavy drinking
brought ..........................
his death. (caused)
4 When he brought ..........
◆ Read the text again and make brief notes on his first book we all celebrated with him. (published)
what you can find in each of the magazines. 5 We brought her ............................................ by
Now say which of the magazines in the text throwing cold water on her. (helped to regain
the people in your family would choose to consciousness)
read and why.
◆ Tell the class what a magazine should contain
in order to be popular with people of your age.
◆ You work for a publishing company. Grammar Check
You have been asked to carry out a survey for
your boss about which types of magazine
sell the best. Write your report, in 120-180 Fill in: so, such or such a(n).
words following the outline below.
1 The sea was ........ rough that I got seasick.
Para 1: State the aim and content of report
2 He ran ........ fast that we couldn’t catch him.
Para 2: Different types of magazines
3 It was ........ good film that we went to see it again.
Para 3: Different age groups of readers
4 He is ........ generous that everybody likes him.
Para 4: Higher - lower priced magazines
5 On ........ occasions it is necessary to dress
Para 5: Make suggestions/recommendations
smartly.
6 It was ........ bad weather that we stayed at home.
7 It was ........ unusual T-shirt that I had to buy it.

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Unit 6

PART 2 Think of the word which best fits in each space. Write only one word in each space.

Most people dream 0) ......of...... becoming rich and famous, but is that
1) ............... success is really about? It is a fact that many people who
have 2) ................... fame and wealth are far 3) ................. happy with
their lives. They worry constantly 4) ............ their money and reputation.
They are rarely satisfied 5) .................. what they have. Singers may
lose their popularity, athletes 6) ........................ injured and can no
7) .................... perform well, and rich business people may lose their
money 8) .................. making risky deals. The best 9) ............... to be
happy with oneself and one’s life is to reconsider what success really is.
All people must realise that human values and qualities are
10) ................... more important 11) .................. material things. A job
no matter 12) ..................... humble, which is done with interest and
care, is 13) .................... as much as instant fame. Being close to your
family and having friends you can trust and depend14) ....................
also make for a happy, successful life. These are the things that really
count, and give you the right to consider 15) ..................... a success.

PART 3 Complete the sentences using the words in bold. Use two to five words.

1 Her hair needs doing.

has She .......................................................................................................................... done.
2 His bicycle was stolen yesterday.
had He ..................................................................................................................... yesterday.
3 Dr Cooper has divided people into two categories.
have People .............................................................................. two categories by Dr Cooper.
4 They made him confess his crimes.
was He ..................................................................................................................... his crimes.
5 There aren’t many courses available.
only There ................................................................................................................. available.
6 It is said that recycling saves energy.
save Recycling .............................................................................................................. energy.
7 He couldn’t decide what to do with the old newspapers.
mind He couldn’t ........................................................... what to do with the old newspapers.
8 Killer whales are the most intelligent animals in the ocean.
is No other animal in the ocean....................................................................... killer whales.
9 Do you realise the importance of recycling?
aware Are you ......................................................................................................... of recycling?
10 I don’t understand what she’s talking about at all.
sense What she’s talking .................................................................................................... at all.

Fill in the correct preposition, then choose any five of them and make sentences.
(1) to take part ........ sth, (2) to arrive ........ a place, (3) a display ........ sth, (4) reference ........ sth/sb, (5) ........ the
borderline, (6) punishment ........ sth, (7) to be suspicious ........ sth/sb, (8) distrust ........ sb, (9) to be terrified ........ sth/sb,
(10) to be ashamed ........ sth, (11) shame ........ you, (12) to blame sb ........ sth, (13) to put the blame ........ sb, (14) to
enrol ........ sth, (15) to shiver ........ fear, (16) to take advantage ........ sth, (17) to be filled ........ sth, (18) a need ........ sth/sb,
(19) to be proud ........ sth/sb, (20) to pride myself ........ sth, (21) to take pride ........ sth, (22) a chance ........ doing sth,
(23) to concentrate ........ sth, (24) to focus ........ sth, (25) to be concerned ........ sth/sb

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Unit 6

You’ll hear a young woman being interviewed for a market research project
PART 2 about magazines. For questions 9 - 18, fill in the questionnaire.

MAGAZINE SURVEY

Age: 9

Occupation: 10

Income range: 11

Magazine(s) bought: 12

How often bought: 13

Favourite features: 14

and

15

Least favourite features: 16

and

17

Other comments: 18

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MISSION 1 ss_Unit 6_MISSION 1 ss_Unit 6 25/02/2013 6:27 ΜΜ Page 149

Unit 6

Problem solving ñ decision making ñ planning

ñ prioritising ñ speculation on given picture
PART 3 prompts etc

Look at the magazine covers. In pairs, decide what topics would be

included in each magazine and what kind of people would buy each one.

Seaways

G
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June 96
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MAY 96
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Discussing in pairs topics related to the theme

PART 4 of Part 3

ñ What kind of things do you enjoy reading?

ñ Are magazines entertaining or educational? Can they be both?
ñ Where do you get most information from? (TV, newspapers etc)
ñ Are comics beneficial or bad for children?

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Unit 6

Reviews
ñ A review is a brief description of a book, film, play etc. A include more than one sentence. When a new topic is
review gives the main points of the plot including the introduced, begin a new paragraph. Your
writer’s comments/recommendation of the book, play or recommendation or judgement should be included in the
film. conclusion. Always give good reasons to support your
ñ When writing a review, consider the tenses you should comments/opinions.
use for each paragraph. When describing the plot, the ñ The style of a review can be formal or informal depending
present tense should be used. Paragraphs should on the publication.

Outline for a review

Introduction Paragraph 2 Paragraph 3 Conclusion

Background (setting, ➡ Main points ➡ General comments ➡ Recommendation
type of story, characters) of the plot

When writing a review consider:

ñ where the story is set (place, time) ñ the plot (entertaining/boring? What makes it
ñ what kind of story it is (adventure, western, thriller etc) enjoyable/dull?)/the script (well/badly written)
ñ the acting/direction/production (well acted/directed etc) ñ whether you would recommend the film/book to
your readers or not

Useful Language

BACKGROUND GENERAL COMMENTS

The film/story is set in ... , This film is the director’s debut ... , It was rather long/confusing/unbelievable, It is a high-action
This is the first novel in over 5 years written by ... , This novel drama, The cast is excellent/weak, The script is dull/exciting etc,
was written about ... , The film stars.../The film is directed by a tragic/thrilling end, It will have you on the edge of your seat,
... , The film/book tells the story of ... , It is a love story/ thriller It is beautifully/poorly written, He/She seems uncomfortable
... , ... plays the starring role as ..., ... enjoys his/her starring in his/her role as ..., ... gentle entertainment for the whole
role as ..., etc family, It is a classic study of jealousy/war, etc

MAIN POINTS OF PLOT RECOMMENDATIONS

The story concerns ... , The plot revolves around/centres on ..., Don’t miss it, Don’t bother to go and see it, Wait until it comes
The tale begins ... , After a series of unbelievable coincidences..., out on video, It’s bound to be a box office hit, Leave the kids
The film reaches a breathless climax ... ,The plot has an at home, It will change the way you think about ..., I can
unexpected twist to it..., The plot is rather unconvincing ... etc thoroughly recommend it ..., It is well worth seeing ..., It is a
classic/masterpiece of its kind, etc

1 Fill in the gaps with one of the following words.

scene, acted, audience, stars, illustrated, portrays, masterpiece, role, acting, plot

1 At the end of the play the ........................... clapped 6 His love for Sophia is ........................... by his devotion
and cheered. to her.
2 The ........................... of Tiny Tim is played by an 7 As a romance, it is a(n) ....................... of its kind.
unknown actor. 8 Al Pacino’s ..................... is of his usual high standard.
3 The film ........................... a new and talented actress. 9 The part is well ................. and very convincing.
4 The ........................... is rather confusing at times. 10 Tom Hanks ........................... a man suffering from
5 The opening ..................... is a churchyard at midnight. AIDS in the film “Philadelphia”.

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Unit 6

2 Read the review below and spot the topic of each paragraph. Then answer the following questions:
1. Where is the film set? 3. What is the plot of the film?
2. Who are the stars of the film? 4. Is the film recommended?

“Scent of a Woman”
“Scent of a Woman” is a dramatic film set on the East that he discovers that the colonel is planning to kill
Coast of America. Al Pacino plays the starring role as a himself. Chris O’ Donnell is convincing as a scared and
retired blind colonel who has become lonely and bitter. embarrassed young schoolboy - but can he manage to
The colonel’s daughter, who finds his blindness and prevent a tragic ending?
hostile attitude tiring, advertises for a student companion “Scent of a Woman” is well directed by Martin Brest
for him over the Thanksgiving holiday. A poor and includes some pleasing scenes, including an
scholarship student at an expensive East Coast School - adventure behind the wheel of a Ferrari and Al Pacino’s
played by Chris O’ Donnell - replies to the advertisement elegant tango with a beautiful young girl.
and is forced into accompanying the colonel on a The plot is believable and entertaining at times. See
pleasure-seeking weekend in New York. It is only later the film and find out!

3 Read the review below and put the paragraphs in the correct order. Then say which tenses are used to
describe the plot of the story. Finally find the purpose of each paragraph.

4 Bearing in mind that

there are certain
“Shirley” by Charlotte Brontë phrases which can be
used in reviews,
❏ “Shirley” is a beautifully inferior to Shirley they try
decide whether the
written novel. It portrays to deny their feelings for
following phrases
Charlotte Brontë’s belief that each other. The novel ends
should be used in a
the denial of the world of with Robert declaring his
book or a film review.
feeling is responsible for love for Caroline and it is beautifully
much of society’s suffering. Shirley and Louis defying written, it was well
❏ The story deals with social convention and acted, it is published
Robert Moore, a mill owner marrying. by, it stars, the role of
who is trying to modernise ❏ I can thoroughly ... is played by,
his factory. A group of recommend this book as it it is well directed, it is
people called the Luddites is a classic of its kind that a thrilling read
are trying to stop him as influenced many writers in
they know new machinery the 19th century. 5 Write a review about
will mean loss of jobs. ❏ The book is set in a a film or a book you
Caroline Helstone is in love country town in England have recently seen
with Robert, but believes he Charlotte
during the Napoleonic or read for an
loves Shirley and Shirley Brontë Wars. It tells the story of entertainment
returns his affection. We see Shirley, an heiress, magazine.
her suffering and in anguish Caroline, her friend and the
until she finds out that men they love. It is a
Shirley does not love Robert, historical novel with
but his brother Louis. Louis elements of romance and
is a tutor and as he is socially adventure.

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Unit 7 : Part 1
You are going to read an article about the Sail Training Association. Choose
the most suitable heading from the list A-I for each part (1-7) of the article.
There is one extra heading which you do not need to use. There is an
example at the beginning (0).

A A trophy for international cooperation.

◆ Do you like travelling by
boat? What are the B Happy to return to dry land.
disadvantages of boat-
travel? Think of as many C A change of destination.
words as possible related
to the theme “Boats”. D Arriving in Antwerp.

First read the following E International opportunity.

summary. Then listen to the
text of Part 1. While listening
F Close sleeping arrangements.
correct the mistakes.
The Sail Training Association G Communication difficulties.
is a German charity organisation
which gives old people a chance H Good to visit new ports.
to sail on a large ship. It recently
gave thirty-nine old men and
I An experience to remember.
women from eight European
countries the chance to sail in the
Cutty Sark Race. They were at
sea for five months. The ship had
problems because of high winds
and a calm sea. The young
novice sailors were seasick.
Despite this, the youngsters
enjoyed the reading they had to
do and the friends they made.
Everyone had to speak some
French to participate.
They all agreed they
had no regrets
about the voyage,
but they were
glad to return
and they woke
the Norwegian
port town
with their
singing
and
dancing.

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Part 1
Unit 7

The Sail Training Association

they had to do and the friends they

0 E made. They had to raise sails by hand,
clean the ship, and help with the
The Sail Training Association is a cooking. This, and the sleeping
British charity organisation which arrangements - all 39 slept in a space
gives young people a chance to sail only eight by fifteen metres - was
on a large ship while making friends perfect for becoming close through
from other countries. It recently gave co-operation and patience.
thirty-nine youngsters from eight
European countries the opportunity to 5
sail the “Sir Winston Churchill” on the
final leg of the Cutty Sark Tall Ships A problem everyone knew they would
Race to Antwerp. face was the language. Everyone had to
speak some English to participate. One
1 of the most frequent phrases heard was
the request to speak more slowly, as
Although this particular voyage wasn’t instructions were shouted over the
successful in terms of reaching its sound of the sea. But working together -
destination - Antwerp - it was a and being seasick together - only
success in uniting people by giving brought the participants closer together.
them the experience of sailing a ship
at sea for five days. The Cutty Sark 6
race is not exactly a race. The trophy
is awarded to the ship and crew that Each of the young people had their
contribute most to international own impressions of their experience.
understanding and friendship. One said it was like eating, drinking
and sleeping on a fairground ride.
2 Another saw the beauty of the stars
and the moon forming a path for the
The “Sir Winston Churchill” had boat at night. They all agreed they had
problems because of high winds and no regrets and were pleased to have
a very rough sea. The captain had to done things they never thought they’d
turn the ship away from its destination do.
after two days’ sailing, because the
young novice sailors were getting 7
increasingly seasick.
Some of the participants heard about
3 the voyage from friends or relatives
who had already done it. One young
This did not disappoint the captain. man wrote to the British Embassy in
Before the voyage began, he stressed Brussels asking how he could learn
the importance of teamwork. When it English and sail at the same time.
became clear they couldn’t reach Whatever their reasons were for
Antwerp, he made it known that he leaving dry land for the unpredictable
enjoyed showing the “trainees” new sea, they were all glad to return as
ports of call. Most know Antwerp, he they woke the small Norwegian port
said, but few have been to Norway. town with their singing and cheering.

4
As for the trainees, after they survived
the first two days of bad weather and
seasickness, they enjoyed the work

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Part 1
Unit 7

✒ 1 Look at the following words in bold in

the text and try to explain them:
final leg, tall ships, uniting, high winds, novice,
fairground ride, participants, dry land, cheering

✒ 2 Fill in the gaps with the correct word(s)

from the list below:
contribute, charity, trainee, unpredictable,
request, destination, participate in,
Association, trophy, was awarded
1 After winning the championship he was presented with a
.................................................... . (prize like a cup or shield)
2 The train’s ............................................... is Cornwall but it
stops in Exeter on the way. (terminus)
3 The Medical .................................................................................. recommends not smoking. (group of officials)
4 “Shelter” is a(n) ...................................... which provides housing for the homeless. (fund-raising organisation)
5 We should all try to ................................................................. money to charity whenever we can. (donate, give)
6 He ..................................................................................... a medal by the Queen for bravery. (was given a prize)
7 Joe doesn’t know how to use this machine yet; he is only a(n) ..................... . (person learning how to do sth)
8 All pupils are required to .................................................... one Physical Education lesson a week. (take part in)
9 At the ..................................................................... of the fans, the band played the song again. (polite demand)
10 He is very ..................................................................; you never know what he’s going to do next. (changeable)

✒ 3 Fill in the appropriate word(s) from

the list. Use the word(s) only once.
to raise became to give
✒ 5 Fill in the blanks with a suitable word.
a. voyage, trip, tour, journey, flight, ride

to face at the same to bring 1 The .............................. from Singapore will arrive at
to reach charity to make Heathrow Airport in 20 minutes.
2 My older brother took me for a ................. on his
1 .................... a chance 6 it ........................ clear motorbike yesterday.
2 ........................ friends 7 .................. a problem 3 John and Michelle are on a ................. of the Far
3 .......... closer together 8 ............................ time East which will take three months.
4 .............. a destination 9 ................ the sails by 4 People who live in London often take a day
5 a ............ organisation hand ................. to Brighton at the weekend.
5 It was a very enjoyable ................... as we passed

✒ 4 Fill in the correct word derived from

the words in brackets.
through breathtaking scenery.
6 The ......... across the Atlantic Ocean was very rough.

b. arise, raise, rise

A 1) ............. (particular) popular
summer holiday option is to go 1 The Marines climbed to the top of the embassy
2) ......... (sail) with friends. 3) ........... building to ................. the American flag.
(frequent), the 4) ....... (participate) 2 If it keeps raining, the water level of the river will .... .
have a mixed 5) ....... (know) of 3 Many problems could ................... from this course
sailing. Therefore, the less 6) ............ of action.
(experience) are given a chance to
improve their sailing skills. If c. prize, reward, award
7) .............. (arrange) are made so 1 A(n) ................. is being offered for any information
that everyone uses their 8) ............ (able) to the full, the that will help the investigation.
trip will be far more 9) ........ (enjoy) for everyone. By 2 That film won a(n) ................. at the Oscars last year.
contributing 10) ......... (full) to the holiday, riding the 3 Sylvia won the .............. for having the best costume.
waves can be truly 11) ............................... (adventure).

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Part 1
Unit 7

✒ 1
6 Find the odd word out.

port - harbour - beach - marina

2 show - conceal - cover - hide
3 command - request - demand - order
4 frequently - often - regularly - rarely
5 chance - option - possibility - luck
6 participant - member - associate - flatmate

✒
1
7 Fill in the blanks with the correct particle(s).

The street signs were hard to make ........................... ........................................ a lovely skirt. (convert)
in the fog. (discern) 4 The beautician made ........................ the bride’s face
2 She always makes ....................................... excuses beautifully for her wedding. (applied cosmetics)
for not being on time. (invents) 5 I would like to make .......................... .......................
3 The dressmaker will be able to make that fabric the way I treated you. (compensate)

◆ You participated in the S.T.A. voyage. Make notes under the following headings: participants, name
of ship and race, destination, good experiences, bad experiences then tell the class about the trip.
◆ You saw this advertisement in the newspaper and want to take part in the Annual Charity Race.
Read the advertisement and your notes, then write a letter to the Sail Training Association asking
for general information and entrance details. Write a letter of 120-180 words in an appropriate style.

The Sail Training Association is holding their

Annual Charity Race!!!
in aid of the MacMillan Children’s Hospital

The race will take place at the River Stout Quay what time?
what kind of on Friday morning the 13th April.
people can Those interested should sign up before April 1st.
enter? Entrance fee: í10.00 per person. any reductions
for students?
Notes: previous experience?
special equipment needed?

Grammar Check

Fill in: have/has been to/in, have/has gone to

1 She speaks French very well, as she ......................... 5 He ............................... Brussels before, and
France for many years. therefore he knows his way around.
2 You’ve just missed Laura; she .......................Sally’s. 6 The newly-weds left yesterday; they .................... the
3 We ............................... many restaurants, but this Bahamas for their honeymoon.
one is the best. 7 “Sorry, Peter is not in the office right now; he ..........
4 “I .................... never .................... Africa. Have you?” ................................ the post office.”

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Part 2
Unit 7

: Part 2
You are going to read an extract from a novel. For questions 8-15, choose
◆ What words can you think the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text.
of related to the theme
“Crime”? Have you ever
heard the story of
Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde? Time ran on. Thousands of pounds were offered in reward. But Mr
Hyde had disappeared as if he had never existed. Much of his past was
Read the following indeed dug up, and it was all disgraceful. Stories were told of his pitiless
sentences, then listen to the cruelty and violence, of his immoral life, of his strange acquaintances, of
the hatred that seemed to have surrounded him. And yet not a whisper
text of Part 2 and put them
was heard of his present hiding place. From the time he left the house in
in the right order. Soho on the morning of the murder, he had simply melted into the
Dr Jekyll starts to go out more London fog.
often. Gradually, as the weeks passed, Mr Utterson began to recover from
Utterson goes to see his alarm and from his troubled conscience. The death of Sir Danvers
Dr Lanyon. was, in his opinion, fully paid for by the disappearance of Hyde. At the
Dr Lanyon dies. same time a new life began for Dr Jekyll, now that Hyde’s evil influence
Mr Hyde disappears. had been removed. He went out more frequently, strengthened his ties
On January 8th, Utterson has with old friends, and became once more their familiar guest and
dinner at Dr Jekyll’s house. entertainer. He had always been known for his generosity to the poor;
Dr Lanyon looks very ill. he was now equally distinguished for religion. He was busy, he spent a
Utterson is refused admittance great deal of time in the open air instead of shutting himself up in his
laboratory, and he was kind and generous to people and he did good.
to Dr Jekyll’s house.
The expression on his face was brighter and more sincere, as if with
consciousness of service, and for more than two months the doctor was
at peace.
On January 8th Utterson had dined at the doctor’s with a small party.
Lanyon had been there, and their host’s eyes had turned from one to the
other as in the old days when the three were the closest friends. But on
the 12th, and again on the 14th, Utterson was refused admittance to the
house.
“Dr Jekyll,” said the servant, Poole, “will go nowhere and see no one.”
On the 15th Utterson tried again, and was again refused. For the last
months he had been seeing his friend almost daily; now he missed his
company and felt in low spirits without it. The next night he invited guests
to dine with him, and the night after that he went to see Dr Lanyon.
There at least he was not refused admittance, but when Utterson went
in he was shocked at the change that had taken place in the doctor’s
appearance. He looked like someone who had been threatened with
death. His rosy face had grown pale, he had lost a lot of weight and most
of his hair, and looked much older. But what struck the lawyer even more
was a look in his eye and a strangeness of manner that could only be
caused by some violent terror in the mind. It was unlikely that the doctor
would fear death, yet that was what Utterson was tempted to suspect.
Utterson was surprised and shocked. A week before the future had
smiled with promises of a long and happy life. Now, in a moment,
friendship, peace of mind, and the whole way of his life were wrecked.
Such a great and unexpected change pointed to madness. But Lanyon’s
manner and words showed that there must be some deeper reason.
A week later Dr Lanyon took to his bed. In less than two weeks he was
dead.

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Part 2
Unit 7

8 Mr Hyde 13 Dr Lanyon

A had got lost in the fog. A had the appearance of someone who was
B had mysteriously disappeared. not in good health.
C had been hiding in Soho. B threatened Utterson.
D had never existed. C had been threatened.
D gave Utterson a threatening look.

9 What did Utterson think about Sir Danver’s death?

14 Utterson thought that Dr Lanyon
A Hyde had paid to have him killed.
B The disappearance of Hyde compensated A had a violent mind.
for the death of Sir Danvers. B was deeply frightened of something.
C Sir Danvers had been murdered because C did not mind violence.
he had not paid Hyde. D had caused a lot of violence.
D Someone had paid for both Hyde and Sir
Danvers to be murdered.
15 Utterson believed Dr Lanyon

A was not afraid to kill.

10 After Hyde’s disappearance, Dr Jekyll
B was suspected of killing.
A made himself busy in the laboratory. C feared death.
B closed the laboratory. D suspected him of murder.
C spent much less time in the laboratory.
D opened his laboratory to the poor.

11 Dr Jekyll was at peace for two months because

A he was well known.

B he was working in his laboratory.
C he believed he was doing some good in the world.
D he was a distinguished person.

12 Utterson felt depressed because

A he was obviously afraid of something.

B he had not seen Dr Jekyll for two months.
C the party at Dr Jekyll’s had been too small.
D he had got used to Dr Jekyll’s company
and now felt the loss of it.

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Part 2
Unit 7

✒ 1 Look at the following words in bold in

the text and try to explain them:
cruelty, acquaintances, hatred, whisper,
gradually, evil, influence, familiar,
generosity, laboratory

✒ 2 Fill in the gaps with words from

the list:
tempting, conscience, immoral,
✒ 5 Fill in the correct word derived from the
words in brackets.

Last year our house was broken into while we were

disgraceful, distinguished, dine
1) .................... (happy) out shopping. It was a 2) ................
(shock) experience, and afterwards there was a
1 Shakespeare was a(n) 3) ..................... (length) police 4) ................. (investigate).
................... playwright. First a police officer came to take a statement,
(outstanding) accompanied by a man who dusted the house for any
2 As he didn’t commit the traces of the burglar’s fingerprints. They wrote a report and
crime, his...............was started looking for the culprit. Two weeks later they found
clear. (moral sense) him and charged him with 5) .................. (burgle). He was
3 The football hooligans’ subsequently found 6) ...................... (guilt) in court, as his
behaviour was ............ . fingerprints were 7) ................ (prove) enough that he had
(extremely bad) committed the crime.`
4 We can’t afford to ...........

✒
out all the time. (eat)
6 Fill in the gaps with the words from
5 You are .........................
the list:
fate if you say you’ve never
violent pitiless a look
been burgled. (take a risk)
to do in low troubled
6 It is ........................................ to use children to make
peace to grow to be refused
money. (wrong)
to recover in the open to strengthen

✒ 3 Fill in the gaps with the words from

the list:
1 ............................... air
2 .......................... terror
3 ....................... of mind
7 ........................ cruelty
8 ................ conscience
9 ................. admittance
a. smog, cloud, mist, fog 4 ............................ pale 10 ................... in the eye
1 The sea ................. is refreshing in the morning. 5 ......................... good 11 ................ my ties with
2 Heavy traffic in some big cities causes ................... in 6 ........... from my alarm 12 ......................... spirits

✒
the summer.
3 It was a lovely clear day with not a ................. in sight. 7 Fill in the blanks with a suitable phrase
4 The thick ........... made driving conditions difficult. from the list below:
b. spoiled, wrecked, damaged, ruined at peace, melt into the fog, in reward,
took to her bed, it struck
1 The ship was totally .................. after the hurricane.
2 Ann was .................. because she was an only child. 1 A special bonus is offered to employees ...................
3 Although my car was badly .............., it could still be for extra hard work.
fixed. 2 She was so tired that she .................................... for
4 Frost .................. the farmers’ crops. the entire weekend.

✒
3 Once she had been forgiven, she was ................
4 Fill in with: pale, faint, faded with herself at last.
4 When I last saw him, ...................................... me
1 ..............................jeans 4 .............................smile how much older he looked.
2 ..............................face 5 ...............................blue 5 I saw the ship sail away from the harbour and then
3 ............................sound 6 ............................aroma ................................... .

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Part 2 Unit 7

✒ 8 Match the words with the definitions, then say the nouns which describe each criminal.

1 arson a) stealing things from people’s pockets

2 shoplifting b) taking somebody by force and demanding money for their return
3 mugging c) killing somebody for political reasons or for payment
4 burglary d) stealing objects from shops while posing as a customer
5 murder e) taking control of a plane using force and forcing the pilot to
change course
6 kidnap f) making false currency, signatures, documents or paintings
7 terrorism g) attacking people in the street in order to rob them
8 pickpocketing h) breaking into a house and stealing possessions
9 assassination i) committing violent acts for political/religious reasons
10 hijack j) killing someone
11 forgery k) illegally setting fire to property
12 theft l) action of stealing

✒ 9 The following words are related to CRIME: List them under the headings according to their
meaning.
to steal, a rapist, a jury, an arsonist, a jail sentence, to acquit, a fine, a prosecution lawyer, to
murder, a suspended sentence, to rob, a defence lawyer, a mugger, life imprisonment, murderer,
death sentence, electric chair, a burglar, an offender, a stenographer, lethal injection, gas chamber
TYPES OF CRIMINALS - PEOPLE IN COURT - VERBS OF CRIME - FORMS OF PUNISHMENT

Grammar Check
◆ Read the text again and make notes about the
characters then talk about them.
Dr Jekyll Mr Utterson Dr Lanyon Fill in the appropriate reflexive or emphatic
pronoun .
◆ Imagine you are judges. In pairs decide what
punishment you would give for the following 1 We really enjoyed .......... at the New Year’s Party.
crimes: 2 My sister decorated the wedding cake ............. .
3 He had to look after ........, while his mother was
speeding, shoplifting, mugging, burglary,
away.
armed robbery, murder, neglecting an animal
4 The teacher asked whether I had hurt ...........
◆ You were a customer in a bank that was ...................... when I fell down the stairs.
robbed last Monday. Write a statement 5 He organised the meeting and presentation
describing what happened, following the by ............. .
outline below. 6 You shouldn’t cut your hair ................, it is too
Write 120-180 words. difficult.
Para. 1: set the scene 7 Behave ............. children, or you’ll be punished!
(time, place, people involved) 8 If you do not respect .................., then how can
Para. 2: description of the main events and you expect to be respected by others?
people involved, hypotheses and 9 I’m proud of the painting, as I did it all by ...........
evidence ................... .
Para. 3: final result of the incident 10 They built up the business all by .................. .
11 She made the dress .................. .
Useful language:
12 He fixed the leaking tap .................. .
I noticed, I saw, I could hear, It could have
been ..., I think, It’s probable/possible

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Part 3
Unit 7

: Part 3
You are going to read an article about the moon. Seven sentences have been
removed from the article. Choose from the sentences (A-H) the one which fits
each gap (16-21). There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use.
There is an example at the beginning (0).

The Village Lamp

After spending half an hour with an dark of the moon”. I suppose that
old friend last week, he pointed out could be logical, if the moon has any
that the light was fading and that, as effect at all on the flow of sap in trees,
I was proposing to take a short cut by which would be at its maximum at full
way of a footpath, I had better start moon and would decline over the
out for home. 0 D next two weeks. 18

The Village Lamp. It is a long time

since I have heard the moon referred A similar argument could apply to the
◆ Look at the title of the text to by that name, though it used to be widespread belief, still very much alive,
and the pictures then guess common enough. I was brought up in that most garden seeds should be
the connection of the title to the countryside where artificial lighting planted at the time of the new moon or
the pictures. Finally was confined to indoor oil-lamps, shortly after it. 19
give three facts about the
candles and more recently electric
moon.
e.g. the moon affects the torches, but nothing that came An old hedger (hedge-planter) once
tides, ... anywhere near lighting up the entire told me that hedges ought to be laid
village. 16 when the moon is full. That again
◆ Do you know any superstitions? would seem to be logical, but it
Have you ever heard of any It was not really that surprising that so appears to be excellent advice that
superstitions about the moon?
many activities used to be influenced would have been impossible to
by the stages of the moon. Each follow. 20
Read the following
sentences, then listen to month was divided into two parts -
the text of Part 3 and fill in “the light of the moon” when the Floor boards in a new cottage should
the missing words. moon was waxing or full and the “dark be laid during “the light of the moon”;
a The Village .................................. of the moon” when it was fading or if the job were done during the
is another name for the moon. waning. 17 For instance, waning or fading moon the board
b Artificial lighting can be indoor my father, who was (among other would shrink, and weeds would come
oil-lamps, ............. or electric things) the village pig-killer, was up through the cracks.
.................. .
always busiest in the first fortnight of
c The .............................................. Knowing that the moon controls the
of the moon can influence the moon. He himself was not
tides, and knowing that our bodies
many activities. superstitious, but few villagers would
are composed mostly of water, it
d My father was the village have their pigs killed when the moon
..................................... . seems not unreasonable to suppose
was fading, for fear that the meat
e Garden seeds should be that we, too, may be influenced by
would go bad.
...................... at the time stages of the moon. One can also
of the ................. moon. understand why supernatural powers
f Our bodies are composed You cut posts for building fences in
should be blamed on the moon.
mostly of ..................................... “the light of the moon” if you wanted
them to last long, but firewood in “the 21

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Part 3
Unit 7

A Presumably the fencing-posts would last longer when full of sap, and the firewood would dry out
quicker when the sap flow was less strong.

B Certain activities were confined to either one period or the other.

C I doubt very much whether hedgers could afford to stop work for a fortnight when the moon was fading.

D “It’s getting dark already,” he said, “and you don’t want to find yourself walking home by the light of
the Village Lamp!”

E Some people believed the moon changed size from month to month.

F There has, also, been a great deal written concerning the link between madness and the rhythms of the
moon.

G Even now our village does not have street lighting.

H What does not seem to make sense is that there are three exceptions - beans, peas and onions - which
have to be planted when the moon is fading.

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Part 3
Unit 7

✒ 1 Look at the following words in bold in

the text and try to explain them:
fading, referred to, flow, sap, cracks,
tides, composed of, supernatural, be
blamed on

✒ 2 Fill in the gaps with the correct

word(s) from the list below:
shrink, waning, confined to, artificial,
declined, weeds, superstitious, torch,
firewood, widespread

1 When the moon changes from a full to a crescent 6 Farmers have to pull up the .................... from their
shape we say it is .................... . (getting smaller) fields, otherwise their crops get damaged. (unwanted
2 It’s dark outside so you need a(n) ............. to see plants)
where you’re going. (portable light) 7 News of their wedding was soon ........................... .
3 Liz has been ............................... her bed for the past (known by many people)
month with pneumonia. (unable to leave) 8 Don’t put your jumper in the washing machine
4 He is very ................................ and won’t walk under because it might ....................... . (decrease in size)
ladders for fear of bad luck. (prone to supernatural 9 They .................... their friend’s dinner invitation as
beliefs) they had other plans. (refused)
5 The weather is getting colder so we’ll need some 10 Nowadays ice-cream is made using .....................
more ................................. for the stove. (fuel) ingredients instead of real cream. (synthetic)

✒ 3 Complete the following text with the

correct derivative of the word in
brackets.
✒ 5 Choose the correct word from the
list to fill in the gaps. Use the words
only once.
the light, to make, to follow, electric, full,
People have always been to take, to last, supernatural, widespread
1) ................. (superstition) when it
comes to the moon, which is not 1 .............................long 6 ........................powers
surprising if you consider that it 2 ...........................belief 7 ...........................moon
remained 2) ...............(explore) 3 ..........................sense 8 ..............................was
until the second half of this century. 4 ........................torches fading
Before 3) ................. (technology) 5 ..................sb’s advice 9 ...................a short cut

✒
advances took place, it was
4) ..............(intrigue) for people to 6 Fill in the blanks with a suitable word
try to guess what this 5) .............. or phrase:
(mystery) light in the night sky
black cat, broken mirror, touch wood,
was. As a result, many old 6) ............(believe) are based
ladder, keep our fingers crossed,
upon the moon, and many women still believe that their
break a leg
moods and cycles are governed by the moon.

✒
A lot of old superstitions are still believed by many people
4 Find the odd word out. today. For example, we 1) ............ when we hope that
something we’ve said won’t come true, and we
1 link - connection - relation - distance 2) ..................... if we’re hoping for some good luck. If a(n)
2 rhythm - tempo - beat - tune 3) ............ crosses our path or we walk under a(n)
3 change - alter - keep - convert 4) ........., a lot of us think that bad luck will come our
4 sense - feeling - notion - action way. It is common for actors to tell each other
5 shrink - expand - wane - reduce to 5) ........ before a performance for good
6 disregard - govern - direct - control luck, and a(n) 6) ........... still makes some
people believe that they’re going to have seven
years’ bad luck.
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Part 3
Unit 7

✒ 7 Fill in the blanks with a suitable word.

a. post, columns, pillars d. lie, lay, lying, laid

1 The ancient temple is supported by marble ............. . 1 James, please ................... the table.
2 The fence ........... was blown over by the strong wind. 2 ................... down and relax.
3 The low roof was kept up by four ............... . 3 I can’t believe him; he must be ................. .
4 He ................... his towel on the sand.
b. trail, lane, trace, track 5 Hens ................... eggs.
1 He left no ................... that he had ever been there. 6 Never ................... about your qualifications.
2 They found a faint ............. made by mountain goats. e. influence, affect
3 The elephants had left a ............. of broken branches
behind them. 1 Being rich doesn’t ................... him at all - he’s very
4 His cottage is in a quiet country .................. . down-to-earth.
2 You mustn’t let Ben ................. you; think for yourself.
c. compose, include, consist
f. logs, boards, wood
1 These biscuits .................... of flour, butter and sugar.
There are no other ingredients. 1 He chopped the tree trunk into ......................... for
2 He likes to ...................... his own music. firewood.
3 I like to ........................ some exercise in my daily 2 Furniture is often made out of ................ .
routine. 3 The old house had wooden ........... over the windows.

✒ 8 Fill in the blanks with the correct idiom from the list:
in the dark, as light as a feather, pitch dark, light heart

1 It was with a(n) ................................that we set out on holiday. (happy mood)

2 You’re ............................................... ; I can pick you up easily. (very light)
3 When the moon went behind the clouds, it suddenly became ............ . (very dark)
4 “Please keep mum .............. about my engagement; I want to surprise her at
Christmas.” (don’t reveal the secret)

Grammar Check
◆ Read the text again, then tell your partner
about the beliefs mentioned in the text.
Fill in: there or it.
◆ This is part of a letter you received from an 1 ................. were a lot of people at the party,
English pen friend. .............. was very crowded.
We’re doing a project at school on superstition. 2 .................’s difficult to tell if ............... has been
Could you please write a short report on any change in the situation.
superstitions in your country to include in my project? 3 .................’s nothing we can do but wait.
4 .......... are several ways of getting ........, .........’s
Write a report giving the results of a survey very easy.
carried out into people’s beliefs in 5 ............... was a pity I couldn’t come but ............
superstition today. Write 120-180 words. Note was nothing I could do about it.
that your report should not be very formal. 6 .............’s very tiring working for him; ..............’s
Para. 1: summarise the most important results so much to be done.
of the survey 7 The film is nearly over now; ..................’s no
Para. 2: age differences point in going to see it.
Para. 3: depths of people’s beliefs 8 He won’t change his mind; ...............’s pointless
Para. 4: end with a general conclusion trying to persuade him.
9 .............. are a lot of people around; .............
looks as if the whole town is here!
10 .............’s probably going to rain; .............. are a
lot of dark clouds in the sky.

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Part 4
Unit 7

: Part 4
◆ Think of as many words as You are going to read an article about places to visit. For questions 22-35,
possible related to the choose from the places (A-E). Some of the places may be chosen more than
theme “Sightseeing”. once. When more than one answer is required, these may be given in any
order. There is an example at the beginning (0).
◆ If you were planning to visit
England what would you be
looking for - a place offering Which town would you recommend to someone who:
entertainment, or a place of
historical interest? would like to attend an international festival? 0 E
Give reasons for your
choice. is interested in the history of warfare? 22

First read the following likes shopping? 23 24

summaries then listen to the
text of Part 4. While listening,
underline the correct answer. enjoys a good view? 25 26

a The history of York goes back to 27

wants to buy sporting equipment?
Roman / Norman times. There
are 70 / 17 pre-Reformation
churches within the city. In York likes to be given information as they tour? 28 29
Minster you can see medieval
coloured glass / vases. enjoys relaxing river trips? 30
b Dover is the busiest air / ferry
port in Europe. There are two wants a day out while staying in London? 31
trains an hour from London to
Dover. wants a day out on an island? 32
c In Portsmouth you can explore
under the earth / sea. There are enjoys outdoor activities? 33
cruises to the Isle of Wight
d In Oxford, you can take the would like to visit a town which has
not changed for hundreds of years? 34
“Guide Friday” / “Friday” bus
tour. One ticket lasts all day /
week. Blackwell’s bookshop has is interested in academic
the largest / most expensive institutions? 35
display of books in the world.
e At Llangollen’s cultural event
over 40 / 14 different countries
are represented. Visitors can
experience the excitement
of white water rapids on the
River Wild / Lake Wild. The
Thomas Telford has singers /
refreshments on board to add
to your enjoyment.

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Unit 7

Places to Visit

York A

The history of York stretches back to Roman times. Few cities

look as completely medieval as York as many buildings have
remained more or less unchanged for centuries. With its
ancient wooden houses and narrow winding streets, the whole
city gives off an atmosphere of history. Today, these streets
contain a fascinating variety of shops. York has been called
“the City of churches” for there are no fewer than 17 pre-
Reformation churches within the city walls. The pride of York is
the huge and magnificent Minster which towers over the whole
city. It is thought to contain the largest area of medieval
coloured glass in the world. If you don’t want to join a group
tour, there are cassettes - complete with Sony Walkman - which
will tell you all about the city.

Dover B

The white cliffs of Dover are familiar to millions of travellers.

Dover, the gateway to Britain, is the busiest ferry port in Europe.
In times gone by, the town has been host to kings, armies, York
pilgrims and all kinds of travellers. Ancient monuments and
ruins testify to Dover’s long and fascinating history and today
the town offers a great deal to interest visitors all the year round.
On a fine day, the harbour itself offers excellent walks. - guided walking tours start at the information centre. Get a
Particularly recommended is the Prince of Wales Pier at the end bird’s eye panorama of the whole city from the top of St Mary’s.
of which you will find a viewing place with a splendid outlook Take a journey through time at the unique Oxford Story
over the entire port, the white cliffs and Dover Castle. With two exhibition in Broad Street. And then there are the shops. Lose
direct trains each hour from London Victoria and London yourself in famous Blackwell’s bookshop in Broad Street - with
Charing Cross, Dover is ideal for a day-trip from the capital. the largest display of books for sale in one room anywhere in
the world. The Gallery at Gloucester Green has a busy
Portsmouth C cosmopolitan atmosphere, with speciality shops, pavement
cafés and street entertainers. And of course there are many big
This is a very special year for Portsmouth. The historic military name shops too.
city is celebrating its 800th anniversary and we want you to join
the party! Apart from special events such as military displays Llangollen E
and parades, there is always something to do in Portsmouth.
Visit our historic ships, explore under the sea in our Underwater For six days every July, Llangollen becomes the cultural centre
World, enjoy the year-round Resort Centre - the possibilities are of the world, attracting choirs, musicians, folk singers and
endless. And once you’ve had a taste of what the town has to dancers from all continents. Over 40 different countries are
offer, why not hop on the luxury cruise vessel Solent Enterprise represented with colourful national costumes, taking part in
and enjoy a leisurely day trip to the beautiful Isle of Wight? daily competitions and performing in evening concerts. But if
you are more of the outdoor type, why not try riding the rapids?
Oxford D Experience the excitement of white water rapids on the River
Wild. All equipment can be hired. Llangollen is also a centre for
Oxford has a timeless beauty which is found at every twist and outdoor clothing and equipment for climbing, walking,
turn of this ancient university city: in the soft golden stone of the mountain biking and camping. From Llangollen wharf you can
college buildings and the peaceful courtyards and gardens. embark on a 45-minute horse drawn boat trip along the river or,
There is so much to see and do in Oxford. Take the “Guide on certain days, you can go for a longer journey on the Thomas
Friday” open-top bus tour to see 25 of the 35 colleges - it leaves Telford, which has refreshments on board to add to your
every 15 minutes and one ticket lasts all day. Or explore on foot enjoyment.

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Part 4
Unit 7

✒ 1 Fill in the correct word derived from

the words in brackets.
Attracted by 1) ................... (amaze) beautiful images of
golden beaches, well maintained golf courses and
2) .................. (peace) country villages, nearly half a million 3) ................... (visit) come to Dorset every year. In the
heart of Dorset lies the 4) ......................... (delight) town of Bournemouth, often described as the capital of Southern
England. Over the last 20 years, Bournemouth has grown from a small market town into a major shopping centre,
which 5) ................... (create) blends small shops, covered markets and arcades with modern high street stores.
However, Bournemouth has far more to offer than just shopping. Beyond the town the land is rich in history, and
wildlife, supporting at least 2,000 kinds of flora and fauna. At night, Bournemouth offers a bustling nightlife, including
theatres, cinemas and 6) ....................... (continent)-style restaurants. Visit Dorset in order to discover for yourself a
true country-lover’s paradise.

✒ 2 Fill in the gaps with the correct word

from the list.
a. goods, express, local, inter-city
✒ 3 Fill in the gaps with the correct
word(s) from the list below:
outlook, pilgrims, medieval, embark on,
warfare
1 The .................. train from Glasgow to London stops
at the main west coast cities. 1 Modern ........................ involves the use of extremely
2 The .................. train only transports food and advanced weapons.
merchandise from one place to another. 2 Every year thousands of Muslim .........................
3 If we take the .................. train, we’ll get there faster. make the journey to Mecca.
4 The ............. train serves all our neighbouring towns. 3 The Bayeux Tapestry is a fine example of.......... art.
4 Before you .................. a mountain trek make sure
b. season, single, return you have the correct equipment.
1 He bought a .................. ticket to London because 5 I admire her positive ............................ on life.
he was only going one way.
2 If you’re going to Leeds and coming back on the
same day, it’s better to buy a .................. ticket.
3 She travels by train every day so she bought a Grammar Check
.................. ticket to save money.
Fill in “the” where necessary.
1 We went to ...... America for ...... Easter and ended
up staying ...... whole summer.
2 My grandfather is from ...... Scilly Isles, which are
◆ Choose one of the places mentioned in the some of ...... most remote islands in Britain.
text. Make notes, then tell the class why you
3 Jane went to ...... cinema yesterday after ...... work
would like to visit this place in terms of
and saw a film about ...... First World War.
historical interest, sightseeing, shopping etc.
4 Whenever we go to ...... London we take ...... train;
◆ Write an article about Paris for your local it’s ...... most convenient way to travel.
paper, following the outline below. 5 James has got ...... measles so he won’t be
Write 120-180 words. coming to ...... school today.
6 While ...... princess was in ...... Hong Kong, she
Para. 1: name, location, population visited many of the designer shops there.
Para. 2: attractions, sightseeing, places of 7 Mary is in ..... hospital with pneumonia. She became
interest ill while in ..... Scotland over .... Christmas holidays.
Para. 3: shopping, nightlife 8 ...... most beautiful place I’ve ever been is ......
Para. 4: Invite people to visit it. Add feelings Thailand. It has some of .... best beaches in .... world.
about the town. 9 Sarah really likes ...... swimming in ...... sea, but
most of ...... time it’s too cold to.

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Unit 7

PART 2 Think of the word which best fits in each space. Write only one word in each space.

You’ll love the mixture of coast and country in Somerset, with its traditional
seaside entertainment and rich countryside 0) ...where... the tiny villages
haven’t changed 1) .............. centuries. Holidaymakers are 2) ..............
concerned about keeping the beautiful beaches clean that dogs are banned
3) ............. May 4) ................ the end of September. A favourite holiday town is
Burnham-on-sea, which has a wide 5) ............. of hotels, shops and cafés. For
fun days 6) ..................... from the sea there are amusement arcades and a
leisure park with aquaslides. Further along the coast is Minehead, a large
fishing port 7) ................... was once a safe haven for smugglers. Inland, there
are many interesting towns and villages. Glastonbury has a wonderful ruined
abbey and is associated 8) ................... the legendary King Arthur. Clarks village is famous 9) ................. the world for
its shoe factory, which is definitely worth a visit. 10) ............. is also a children’s play area, a shoe museum, tea shop
and picnic area. Surrounding these towns and villages are the Mendip Hills. They look ordinary enough 11) ................
the surface, but in 12) ................ are filled with underground caves, such 13) ................ Wookey Hole, which are
millions of years 14) ................ and are great for the children as they are 15) ................ interesting and exciting.

PART 4 Find the word which should not be in the sentences.

0 One evening after dinner, as the sun was set across 0 was 0
00 the sea, Marlowe began telling one of his stories about 00 ✔ 00
1 his life as like a sailor. In the fading light he pointed to 1 1
2 a long jagged scar on his own arm, and said: 2 2
3 “I was being working on a passenger steamer in the South China 3 3
4 Sea, in shark-infested waters, when the ship hit a reef, which 4
4
5 tore a great hole in the side. The water it began to rush in 5 5
6 through the hole, and all of the crew realised that we had to get 6 6
7 the passengers off quickly, before the ship was sank. We lowered the 7 7
8 lifeboats over the side, and helped the people into them. 8 8
9 At last, everyone was sound safe, except for one woman who 9 9
10 was too many scared to leave the ship. I had to go and fetch her 10 10
11 because of the ship was just about to go down. She held 11 11
12 on to my neck, and we jumped into the sea. Just at 12 12
13 that moment a shark attacked to us! I tried hard 13 13
14 to fight it off, but it managed to bite this hole in my arm. 14 14
15 In the end one of the other sailors shot it, and we were been saved.” 15 15

Fill in the correct preposition, then choose any five of them and make sentences.

(1) to be unchanged ..... centuries, (2) a variety ..... sth, (3) to tower ..... sth, (4) to be familiar ..... sth/sb, (5) ..... a fine
day, (6) the outlook ..... a place, (7) taste ..... sth, (8) ..... foot, (9) a journey back ..... time, (10) books ..... sale, (11) to
be represented ..... sth, (12) a representative ..... sth, (13) to take part ..... sth, (14) to disembark ..... a ship, (15) to
be ..... board, (16) to add sth ..... sth else, (17) to sail ..... a ship, (18) to dig ...... sb’s past, (19) to be ..... peace,
(20) admittance ..... a place, (21) to be shocked ..... sth, (22) to apply ..... sth

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Unit 7

You will hear five people talking about their favourite kind of film. For questions
PART 3 19 - 23, choose from the list A - F the type of film that is being described. Use
the letters only once. There is one extra letter which you do not need to use.

A Historical films Speaker 1 19

Speaker 2 20
B Comedy films

Speaker 3 21
C Drama
Speaker 4 22
D Horror films
Speaker 5 23

E Action films

F Science fiction films

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Unit 7

You wil hear a conversation which takes place in an office. Answer questions 24 - 30
PART 4 by writing T (for true) or F (for false) in the boxes provided.

24 Louise thinks it’s a good time to move. 24

25 David forgot to make arrangements with a moving company. 25

26 Paula knows someone who might be able to help them move. 26

27 Everyone is willing to pack their own desks. 27

28 Louise thinks Paula has too much work to do. 28

29 They will have to wait for the computers to be connected. 29

30 According to Louise, the old files are needed. 30

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Unit 7

Giving Personal Information

PART 1 ñ Where do you spend your summer holidays?
ñ What do you like doing while on holiday?
ñ Where would you like to go next summer?

Talking about the pictures in relation to yourself

PART 2

Look at pictures A and B.

A ñ Compare the two pictures. What do they have
in common?
ñ Are you superstitious?
ñ What do some people believe about the moon/
black cats?
ñ What superstitions do you know that are
supposed to bring good luck and/or bad luck?

B
C

Look at pictures C and D.

ñ Compare the two pictures. D
ñ How do you prefer to
travel and why?
ñ How do you spend your
time while travelling?
ñ Which do you think is the
most convenient means of
travel? Why?

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Unit 7

Problem solving ñ decision making ñ planning

PART 3 ñ prioritising ñ speculation on given picture
prompts etc

You want to advertise a new sauce called “Deliciozo”. In pairs look at the various
ways suggested and decide which would be effective and which not. You may
add your own ideas.

Discussing in pairs topics related to the theme

PART 4 of Part 3

ñ What do you think is the most effective form of advertising? Why?

ñ Are there any products that you think are cleverly advertised?
Give examples.
ñ Can good advertising persuade you to buy things that you don’t really
need?

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Unit 7

Revision

1 Match the beginnings of the stories with the endings. Then choose one story and write the missing paragraphs.

BEGINNINGS ENDINGS
to the A After sixteen hours the do
d down as Emma ran ctors and nurses were stil
1 The heavy rain poure for working frantically to car l
t two hours getting ready e for the injured in the
bus stop. She had spen she temporary hospital. Kathy
was soaking wet. Still, had never felt so tired in
the interview and now she was her whole life. She pa
to start worrying; there used from her work for
wouldn’t allow herself and second to wonder if the a
find somewhere to sit plane crash was someth
plenty of time for her to her little village would eve
r recover from.
ing
dry off.
B People everywhere stood stunned, looking at the
and
ge was quiet
n w as sh inin g and the villa d a feel ing wreckage. Beachfront houses had been completely
The su She ha
2
ul. Ye t Ka th y was ill at ease. pp en , but
destroyed by the tidal wave and cars overturned. It
peacef g to ha
m ethi ng drea dful was goin had truly been one of the worst days in the beach
that so resort’s history.
rstand why.
couldn’t unde
C She sat there tired
and depressed, quite be
at 6 am. He yond
woke Matthew up caring. How could so
3 The alarm clock get out of bed.
many things have go
ne
d over, unwilling to wrong in one day? Sudd
groaned and rolle s 6.30 and, with
enly she started to laugh
.
ke up again it wa Things were so bad tha
By the time he wo his plane was
t they were actually fun
ny.
remembered that She might not have go
t the job but at least she
a start, Matthew d that he hadn’t kept her sense of humo ’d
ur and a half an
leaving in an ho ur.
even packed!
D Matthew realised that he was the luckiest person
alive. If he hadn’t overslept, if he had been able to
4 As day dawned, the sea sparkled in the early
find a taxi, if he had arrived at the airport on time,
morning sun. All along the coast, fishermen were
he would have been on that tragic flight. As he
returning from a hard night’s fishing, while early
watched reports of the crash on television,
swimmers were heading for the beach. It was going
Matthew vowed never to travel anywhere by
to be another beautiful day.
aeroplane again.

2 Read the news report below and write a story based on it. Your story must end with the words: “I was just so glad
to be on dry land again.”

“Queen Katharine” Found

The mystery of the missing ferry “Queen Katharine” was cleared up
yesterday as the boat was found adrift in the North Sea. The “Queen
Katharine” was reported missing 3 days ago after failing to arrive at
the Norwegian port of Stavanger. The ferry left Hull on Tuesday
morning carrying over 1,000 passengers.
By the time officials at the Norwegian port had reported the “Queen
Katharine” as missing, it was more than 4 hours late. Coastguards Holland.
from both England and Norway immediately started a search. By As soon as they received the message the coastguard sped to the
Wednesday morning there were fears that the boat may have sunk in area and the “Queen Katharine” was finally towed into a Dutch port at
the high winds that hit the North Sea on Tuesday evening. 3 am on Friday morning. “All I want is a hot shower and a good night’s
The search continued throughout Thursday until a French tanker sleep,” said Jane Wright, one of the passengers, as she was escorted
radioed that they had sighted a large boat adrift off the coast of off the boat.

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Unit 7

3 Read the main body of the article. Then, identify what kind of article it is and which outline has been used.
Next, underline all the linking words and state what these words are used for. Finally, write the first and the
final paragraphs.

All Work and No Play ...

Holding an executive position is a significant However, there are also many drawbacks. The main
achievement in terms of career. Reaching such a high one is the long hours that go with it. Many executives
position is usually the result of years of hard work. The work ten hours a day, six days a week, and as a result
main incentive for aiming for an executive position is their personal and social lives suffer. Executives also
the adventure of gaining extra power and responsibility. tend to suffer from stress and this, combined with long
Added to this, an executive’s salary is quite considerable hours and a generally unhealthy lifestyle, can seriously
and the privileges, such as a company car and a private affect their physical and mental well-being.
office, can be very attractive.

4 Read the letter and put the jumbled paragraphs in the correct order, then complete the outline.

salutation ➡ Paragraph 1 ➡ Paragraph 2 ➡ Final Paragraph ➡ name

Dear Mary,

Here are a few directions so you won±t get lost. As you enter Manchester, follow the signs for
Toxteth until you come to a very big roundabout. Take the third turning for Mayfield and follow that road
for about 3 km. You should then pass the Grand Hotel on your right and then immediately after that a school.
Turn right at the school and we’re the second on the left. If you get lost just give us a ring and George will
come and get you.
I hope you±ll be able to make it as we’d love to see you again. Give our regards to your family. We’re
looking forward to seeing you soon.
I thought I±d drop you a line to let you know how we±re getting on. After two days back at work
I felt as if I±d never been on holiday - how about you? Anyway we±ve had our photos developed and
we±d love it if you could come and spend next weekend at our house. We could look at the photos and
remember the good times we had.
Love,
Joan & George

5 Last year you attended a 4-week language course in France. You have decided to return this year. Using the
information in the advertisement and the notes you have made, write a letter to your friend persuading him to
go with you. Write in an appropriate style using 120-180 words.

ñ maximum class size 15 LEARN FRENCH IN FRANCE

ñ nearest town 3 km away
ñ French teachers ñ sleep in dormitories
ñ sports facilities include 4 week courses in a 17th century château set in
beautiful countryside. ñ evening activities -
indoor swimming pool, cinema and disco
tennis courts, football Accommodation included
Small classes with experienced teachers ñ cost: í400
pitch etc.
Full details from: Michel Lebeuf, Moda School of
French, Neufville Château, Nantes, France

6 You want to enter a short story competition. You must begin your story with the words “The most wonderful
experience I have ever had was...” Write your story in an appropriate style using 120-180 words.

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Grammar Reference Section

ñ The Present Continuous Infinitive expresses an action
Unit 1 happening now. e.g. She seems to be working on the
project at present.
will - be going to - shall ñ The Perfect Infinitive is used to show that the action of the
ñ will is used for decisions taken at the moment of speaking infinitive happened before the action of the verb. e.g. She
or predictions. e.g. I’m tired, so I’ll go to bed. He’ll probably claims to have been to Austria twice.
be late. ñ The Perfect Continuous Infinitive is used to emphasise the
ñ be going to is used for planned actions or intentions. e.g. duration of the action of the infinitive, which happened
“Are you coming with us tonight?” “No, I’m going to visit my before the action of the main verb. e.g. He seems to have
aunt.” It is also used when there is evidence that something been reading all night. His eyes are red.
will happen. e.g. Be careful! You’re going to fall off the
ladder. Reported Speech
ñ shall is used with “I/we” to make suggestions, offers or
when asking for suggestions or instructions. e.g. Shall we ñ Reported Speech is the exact meaning of what someone
go out tonight? said but not the exact words. When we report someone’s
words, we interpret what we hear or read, so we use
appropriate reporting verbs like the following:
who - whose - which - why - where
ñ Who (relative pronoun) is used for people. e.g. The man * offer + to-inf e.g. “Would you like me to help you?”
who is standing there is my uncle. ➡ He offered to help me.
ñ Whose (relative pronoun) is used for people and things to * promise + -inf e.g. “I’ll definitely do it.”
show possession. e.g. That’s the lady whose house was ➡ He promised to do it.
broken into last night. * threaten + -inf e.g. “Stop lying or I’ll punish you.”
ñ Which (relative pronoun) is used for things. e.g. The car ➡ He threatened to punish me if I didn’t stop lying.
which is parked outside my house is Tom’s.
* allow + sb + to-inf e.g. “You can use my pen.”
ñ Why (relative adverb) is used to talk about reason. e.g. She
➡ He allowed me to use his pen.
always behaves rudely; that’s the reason why she has no
* beg + sb + to-inf e.g. “Please, please, help me.”
friends.
➡ He begged me to help him.
ñ Where (relative adverb) is used to talk about places. e.g.
That’s the hotel where we spent our summer holidays. * remind sb + to-inf e.g. “Don’t forget to lock the door.”
➡ He reminded me to lock the door.
mustn’t, needn’t, didn’t need to, needn’t * accuse sb of + -ing form e.g. “You broke the vase.”
➡ He accused him of breaking the vase.
have
* apologise for + -ing form e.g. “I’m sorry I lied.”
ñ mustn’t (= it is forbidden to do sth/you are not allowed to ➡ He apologised for lying.
do sth/it is against the law to do sth) e.g. You mustn’t feed * deny + -ing form e.g. “I didn’t misplace the files.”
the animals. ➡ He denied misplacing the files.
ñ needn’t (+ present infinitive) (= it isn’t necessary to do sth) * suggest + -ing form e.g. “Let’s go out.”
e.g. You needn’t do the washing-up now, you can do it later. ➡ He suggested going out.
ñ didn’t need to (= it was not necessary to do sth) e.g. He * deny + that-clause e.g. “I didn’t lose your keys.”
didn’t need to wake up early because it was Sunday. ➡ He denied that he had lost her keys.
ñ needn’t have (= it wasn’t necessary but it happened)
* suggest + that clause e.g. “You should go today.”
e.g. You needn’t have cooked so much food; there’s far more
➡ He suggested that I go today/that day.
than we can eat.
* invite + sb + to -inf e.g. “Will you have dinner with us?”
➡ She invited me to have dinner with them.
* warn + sb + to -inf e.g. “Don’t go near the cliff.”
Unit 2 ➡ He warned me not to go near the cliff.

Tenses of the infinitive Clauses of Concession

ñ Clauses of concession are introduced by: although, even
Present: (to) read though, though, despite, in spite of, while, whereas,
Present Continuous: (to) be reading however, no matter how, but, yet etc as follows:
Perfect: (to) have read
Perfect Continuous: (to) have been reading although/even though/though + clause. e.g. Although it
was cold, he went out.
despite/in spite of + noun/-ing form. e.g. Despite the
ñ The Present Infinitive refers to the present or future. e.g. You cold weather, he went out.
are expected to work from 9.00 to 4.00 every weekday.

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Grammar Reference Section

despite/in spite of the fact + that -clause. e.g. Despite

the fact that it was cold, he went out.
Unit 4
however + clause. e.g. He’s experienced; however, he
wasn’t given the position. Further/Farther, Very, Even, Much, Far,
no matter how + adj/adv + subject + verb. e.g. No A bit, Most, Any, Too
matter how hard I tried, I couldn’t lift the boxes.
but + clause. e.g. Tom woke up late but he still arrived on ñ further/farther (adv) = longer in distance. e.g. He runs
time. further/farther every day.
yet + clause. e.g. He trained hard, yet he didn’t win a further (adj) = more. e.g. Further information is needed to
medal. complete the report.
ñ very + adj/adv of positive degree. e.g. He is very patient
with his children.
Unit 3 ñ even/much/far/a bit + adj/adv of comparative degree.
e.g. It is even/much/far/a bit colder than it was yesterday.
Since - For ñ most + adj/adv of positive degree = very. e.g. You are
most welcome to visit us. They are most hospitable with
ñ Since expresses a starting point. e.g. She has been visitors.
studying French since May. ñ any + adj/adv of comparative degree (used in negations
ñ For expresses the duration of an action. e.g. She has been and questions). e.g. Is he feeling any better?
in Madrid for two years. ñ too + adj of positive degree + for + to do sth. e.g. This
box is too heavy for me to lift.
Quite, Rather, Fairly, Pretty
ñ Quite (=fairly, to some degree) is used in favourable
Comparative and Superlative degrees
comments. e.g. He’s quite good at squash. Quite is used
of adjectives
before a/an. e.g. He’s quite a good tennis player. Quite (= ñ Adjectives of one syllable add -(e)r / -(e)st to form their
completely) is used with adverbs, some verbs and adjectives comparative and superlative forms. e.g. tall - taller (than) -
such as: amazing, brilliant, certain, dreadful, different, the tallest (of/in), close - closer (than) - the closest (of/in)
exhausted, horrible, impossible, perfect, right, sure, true, Note that single consonants at the end of the word double
useless etc. e.g. I’m quite sure she hasn’t lied to us. before adding -er/-est. e.g. sad - sadder (than) - the saddest
ñ Rather is used in unfavourable comments. e.g. He’s rather (of/in)
bad at Maths. It can also be used in favourable comments ñ Adjectives of two syllables ending in -ly, -y, -w also add -er
meaning “to an unusual degree”. e.g. The lecture was / -est. e.g. tidy - tidier (than) - the tidiest (of/in)
rather interesting. (more interesting than we expected). ñ Adjectives of two or more syllables take more/most. e.g.
Rather is also used with comparative degree. e.g. My dress comfortable - more comfortable (than) - the most
was rather more expensive than yours. Rather is also used comfortable (of/in)
before or after a/an. e.g. It’s a rather cold winter. or It’s
rather a cold winter. Irregular Forms
ñ Fairly/Pretty are synonymous with quite and rather. They
are used after a. He’s a fairly/pretty good student. good - better - best many/a lot of - more - most
bad - worse - worst little - less - least
Be/Get used to, Used to, Would much - more - most far-farther/further- farthest/furthest
ñ Be/Get used to + -ing form/noun/pronoun (= be/get
accustomed to, be in the habit of) expresses habitual -ing form / infinitive
actions. e.g. She isn’t used to driving on the right. He got
used to the heavy traffic. ñ forget + to -inf (= fail to remember to do sth). e.g. I’m
ñ Used to expresses past habitual actions. e.g. She used to afraid I forgot to bring your book back.
work long hours when she was younger. forget + -ing form (= not recall a past event). e.g. She
ñ Would expresses past repeated actions and routines but always forgets having asked me to do things.
not states. e.g. When she was young, she would go cycling ñ remember + to -inf (= not forget to do sth). e.g. Please
every day for two hours. (also: she used to go) Stative verbs remember to phone him this evening.
are not used with “would”. e.g. He used to live in a cottage. remember + -ing form (= recall a past event). e.g. Do you
(not: he would live) remember meeting that strange man?

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ñ go on + to -inf (= finish doing sth and start doing sth else). Determiners / Pronouns
e.g. He cleaned the house then went on to prepare supper.
go on + -ing form (= continue). e.g. They went on ñ all (refers to more than two people/things). e.g. All the
shouting despite the neighbours’ complaints. children enjoyed the play. All books are on sale.
ñ avoid + -ing form. e.g. You should avoid walking there at night. ñ both (refers to two people/things). e.g. Both Sue and Emma
ñ regret + to -inf (= be sorry to). e.g. We regret to inform passed the final tests.
you that you have not been selected. ñ whole (is used with countable nouns). e.g. It took me an
regret + -ing form (= have second thoughts about sth hour to read the whole essay.
already done). e.g. I regret telling her your secret. ñ either (refers to two people/things) = any one of two. e.g.
ñ stop + to -inf (= pause temporarily). e.g. After walking for Either Tom or Paul will be selected for the school team.
three hours we stopped to have a rest. ñ neither (refers to two people/things) = not one and not the
stop + -ing form (= finish). e.g. She stopped typing to other. e.g. Neither Paula nor Sheila liked the idea of staying
answer the phone. at home.
ñ waste (one’s) time + -ing form. e.g. Don’t waste your ñ none (refers to more than two people/things). e.g. Did you
time asking him - he won’t know the answer. have any problems? No, none.
ñ I’d rather + bare inf (when the subject of “would rather” is ñ every (is used with singular countable nouns). e.g. Every
also the subject of the following verb). e.g. I’d rather have applicant has to attend an interview.
an early night tonight. I’m very tired.

Unit 6
Unit 5 Like / As
Determiners - Quantifiers ñ Like is used after: a) feel, look, smell, taste, sound +
noun e.g. It sounds like a fire alarm to me. and b) with
ñ Several, (a) few, many, a (large/great/good) number of
nouns/pronouns/the -ing form to express similarity.
are followed by a countable noun. e.g. A few students
e.g. He behaves like a child.
passed the exam.
ñ As is used after: a) accept, be known/seen, describe, refer
ñ Much, (a) little, a great/good deal of, a large/small
to, regard, use e.g. It was described as his masterpiece. b)
amount/quantity of are followed by an uncountable noun.
in the expressions as usual, as ... as, as far as, as much,
e.g. There was little sugar left.
the same as e.g. It wasn’t as interesting as I’d thought. and
ñ A lot of, lots of, hardly any, some, no, plenty of are
c) to introduce clauses of manner followed by if/though
followed by a countable or uncountable noun. e.g. There
e.g. He acts as if he knew everything on the subject.
is hardly any food left. There are hardly any biscuits left.

Conditionals If / When
ñ If (= whether) is followed by a future tense especially after
ñ Type 1: If + any present form ➡ will (future) (used for
I don’t know, I doubt, I wonder e.g. I don’t know if he’ll
events likely to happen in the present or future). e.g. If I see
come round tonight.
him, I’ll give him your message.
ñ When (= question word) is followed by a future tense e.g.
ñ Type 2: If + past simple ➡ would/could/might + bare inf
When will we have the results? Note: when (= time
(used to talk about unreal situations). e.g. If she were
conjunction) is not followed by a future tense e.g. I’ll let you
promoted, she would feel very satisfied.
know when I have some more news.
ñ Type 3: If + past perfect ➡ would/could/might + have +
past participle (used to talk about events that could have
Passive Voice (to be + past participle)
happened but didn’t). e.g. If she had paid more attention,
she wouldn’t have made so many mistakes. ñ The passive voice is formed with the verb “to be” in the
appropriate tense + the past participle of the main verb.
By / With (Passive Voice) Present Simple: All files are classified in alphabetical order.
ñ By + agent is used to say who/what did the action. e.g. He Present Continuous: Our application is being examined at
was injured by a piece of brick. The roof was fixed by Tom. the moment.
ñ With + instrument/material is used to say what the agent Past Simple: The hotel was built last year.
used or after past participles such as coloured, crammed, Past Continuous: He was being interviewed when I saw
crowded, filled etc. e.g. The airport was crowded with him.
passengers waiting for their flights. Present Perfect: She hasn’t been invited to the wedding.

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Past Perfect: He had been shown how to do it. There / It

Future Simple: They will be given a new assignment
tomorrow. ñ There + be is used to mention sth for the first time or to say
Future Perfect: The plans will have been finished by next that sb or sth exists. e.g. There are a lot of students at my
week. school.
Modal Verb: He should be asked to chair the meeting. ñ It + be ... to -inf / that clause is used to begin a sentence.
ñ The passive is used when the agent is unknown, e.g. It’s so nice to be home again. It is also used for distance,
unimportant or obvious from the context. e.g. The thieves temperature, weather and in the following expressions: It
were arrested last night. (by the police - obvious agent) It is appears/seems that, It looks like, It is said that, It doesn’t
also used when the action is more important than the agent. matter etc. e.g. It looks like everybody is having a good time.
e.g. The film was nominated for nine Oscars. ñ Note: There’s no point in/It’s pointless + -ing form. e.g.
ñ The verbs believe, expect, feel, hope, know, report, say, There’s no point in/It’s pointless waiting any longer.
think etc have both personal and impersonal constructions
in the passive voice. e.g. She is said to be in line for The Definite article
promotion. (personal construction) It is said that she is in ñ The is used with nouns which are unique (The sun), names
line for promotion. (impersonal construction) of cinemas/hotels/theatres/museums/newspapers or
magazines/ships/institutions/galleries. e.g. The Ritz
Clauses of Result Hotel/The Royal Ballet School. It is used with names of oceans/
seas/rivers/mountain ranges. e.g. The Pacific Ocean/The
ñ So + adj/adv e.g. She is so kind that everybody likes her. Himalayas. It is used with names of some countries and
ñ So + much/little + uncountable noun e.g. They’ve got so groups of islands e.g. The Netherlands/The Canary Islands.
much work that they can’t take a break. It is also used with titles without a name (the Queen) and
ñ So + many/few + plural noun e.g. He has so many books the superlative degree of adjectives/ adverbs (the best
that they don’t fit in his bookcase. choice).
ñ Such (a/an) + adj + singular countable noun e.g. He is ñ “The” is omitted before proper nouns, names of sports/
such a clever businessman that he’s made a fortune. games/activities/days/months/holidays/colours/drinks/
ñ Such + (adj) + uncountable/plural noun e.g. It was such meals and languages. He plays squash. It is also omitted
nice weather that we went for a walk. before names of countries/cities/streets/squares/bridges/
islands/lakes/individual mountains/ continents. e.g. Tower
Bridge/Corsica. “The” is not used before the words bed,
Unit 7 church, college, court, hospital, prison, school, university
when we refer to the purpose for which they exist. e.g. He
Have been to/in, Have gone to was taken to hospital late last night.
ñ They have been to Paris twice this year. (They’ve visited
Paris but now they are back).
ñ They have been in Kenya for three years. (They live in Punctuation
Kenya)
ñ They have gone to the airport to see their son off. (They’re Full Stop [ . ]
at the airport. They haven’t come back yet). A full stop is used:
a. at the end of a sentence. e.g. She is at home.
Reflexive / Emphatic Pronouns (myself - b. in abbreviations. e.g. etc. a.m.
yourself etc) c. to end a spoken sentence when using direct speech.
ñ Reflexive pronouns are used after certain verbs (burn, cut, e.g. He said, “I won’t come to the football game.”
hurt etc) when the subject and the object of the verb are the A full stop is not used:
same. e.g. He burnt himself while trying to bake a cake. a. in question sentences.
They can be used after prepositions but not after b. in exclamation sentences.
prepositions of place. e.g. She is proud of herself. She
looked behind her. (not: behind herself) Question Mark [ ? ]
ñ Emphatic pronouns are the same as reflexive pronouns
A question mark is used:
but they emphasize the fact that a certain person did
a. at the end of a question. e.g. Are you going to work
something. e.g. I myself decorated the bedroom. They also
tomorrow?
mean “without help”. e.g. She painted the kitchen herself.
(without help)

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b. at the end of a question using direct speech. e.g. b. to introduce examples (which might be complete
“Where did you go on holiday?” his friend asked. sentences in themselves). e.g. The insurance company
c. at the end of question tags. e.g. You are leaving, will pay in the following circumstances: fire, burglary or
aren’t you? a third party accident.
A question mark is not used:
a. at the end of an indirect question. e.g. She asked Semi-colon [ ; ]
whether I wanted to go to the cinema.
A semi-colon is used:
a. instead of a comma, where other parts of the sentence
Exclamation Mark [ ! ]
already contain commas. e.g. He was convinced that
An exclamation mark is used: he would win whatever the cost; he was going to
a. at the end of a sentence expressing a certain feeling achieve his goal, whatever it would take.
like surprise, shock, anger or joy. e.g. That is absolutely b. in formal writing to separate two main clauses,
wonderful! especially when these are not joined by a conjunction.
b. at the end of an exclamation when using Direct Speech. e.g. Some people love watching TV; others find it boring.
e.g. “What a lovely surprise!” she said.
Dash [ — ]
Comma [ , ] A dash is used to:
In general a comma is used to indicate a slight pause a. separate a word or phrase which is independent of the
and to divide a sentence into several parts. rest of the sentence. It may precede a comment or
definition, or serve to emphasise the words which
A comma is used: follow. e.g. People were lying wounded in the street,
a. to separate words in a list. These can be nouns, children were crying – it was horrible.
adjectives or adverbs. e.g. She bought yellow, white b. to separate a comment or afterthought from the rest of
and pink flowers. the sentence. e.g. They said they knew nothing at all
b. to separate main clauses which describe consecutive about the burglary – or so they claimed.
actions. e.g. In case of a fire you should keep calm,
leave the building, and call 999. Hyphen [ - ]
c. to separate a subordinate clause which precedes the
main clause. e.g. When I phone him, I’ll tell him A hyphen is used:
that you want to speak to him. a. to form a compound from two other words.
d. to separate main clauses which are linked by a e.g. warm-hearted
conjunction. e.g. I was looking forward to relaxing at the b. to form compound adjectives. e.g. well-mannered
weekend, but unfortunately I had to work instead. c. to separate a prefix from a word whose first letter is the
e. before and after a non-defining relative clause. e.g. That same as the last letter of the prefix.
science-fiction film, which was released last month, is e.g. re-evaluate
one of the best I’ve ever seen. d. when writing compound numbers. e.g. twenty-one
f. to separate an introductory word, phrase, adverb or e. when expressions of measurement, amount or quantity
adverbial phrase from the main part of the sentence. are used as adjectives before a noun.
e.g. Oh, there you are! e.g. a ten-pound note
g. after “Yes” or “No” at the beginning of a sentence.
e.g. Yes, I want to see you tomorrow. Quotation Marks [ “ ” ]
h. to separate a question tag from the sentence. e.g. You
Quotation marks are used:
are 25 years old, aren’t you?
a. to indicate direct speech, at the beginning and end of
i. in direct speech. e.g. “Please help me,” she said.
the spoken words. e.g. “I want to tell you how much I
appreciate your hospitality,” he said.
Colon [ : ] b. to enclose words and punctuation in direct speech.
e.g. “Why did you do that?” he asked.
A colon is used:
c. to draw attention to a word when writing a text.
a. to introduce a list of items. e.g. Please buy the following
e.g. “Global Warming” is the key word.
items: milk, bread, cheese and eggs.

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d. to enclose the titles of a book, play etc. e.g. Salinger’s b. for the first letter of the first word in a quotation. e.g. His
“Catcher in the Rye” mother said, “Sit and read your book.”
e. to emphasise short quotations and sayings. e.g. Do you c. for the first letter of proper nouns that name persons,
know the saying “Nothing ventured, nothing gained”? nationalities, countries, towns, months, days of the
week. e.g. John F. Kennedy was assassinated in 1963.
Note: Brazil is the largest country in South America. She was
ñ when used, question marks or exclamation marks born in East Orange, New Jersey. Shakespeare was
referring to the direct speech are placed inside the born on April 23, 1564. She takes ballet lessons every
quotation marks. Tuesday and Wednesday.
d. for the main words in titles of books, articles, films,
Apostrophe [ ’ ] plays etc. e.g. Treasure Island, Batman Forever
e. for abbreviations and acronyms. e.g. T.E.S.O.L.
An apostrophe is used:
(Teachers of English to Students of Other Languages)
a. where letters are omitted, as in contracted forms. e.g.
CBS (Central Broadcasting System)
I’m, She’s, I’ll, Aren’t
f. for the personal pronoun “I”. e.g. I think I will take the
b. with an s to show possession:
day off tomorrow.
a) in singular nouns, before the possessive “s”.
e.g. the man’s bicycle
b) in plural nouns, after the possessive “s”.
e.g. the teachers’ salaries Punctuation in Direct Speech
c) in irregular plurals, before the “s”.
e.g. men’s clothing
We capitalise the first word of a quoted sentence. The full
c. with an s to show time duration
stop, the question mark, the exclamation mark and the
a) in the singular. e.g. a week’s holiday
comma come outside the inverted commas only when he
b) in the plural. e.g. four weeks’ holiday (but: a
said/asked precedes the quoted sentence. “He has just
four-week holiday)
left,” she said. She said, “He has just left.” “He,” she said,
“has just left.” We do not use a comma after the question
Parentheses / Brackets [ ( ) ] mark. “Can I go now?” he asked. but: He asked, “Can I go
Parentheses or brackets are used: now?”
a. to separate any additional information or a comment ñ When the subject is a pronoun, it comes before the
from the rest of the sentence. e.g. Alexander reporting verb (said, asked etc) but when the subject is a
Barclay (a famous English poet) wrote “The Ships of noun, it often comes after “said”, “asked”, etc at the end or
Fools” in 1509. in the middle of the quoted sentence. “She typed the
b. to enclose references, numbers or letters in a text. e.g. letters,” he said. “She typed the letters,” said George. “She,”
The route taken by earlier explorers was through a rough said George, “typed the letters.”
mountain range (see map on p. 195). Two ways to stay but: He/George said, “she typed the letters.” (not: Said
fit are (1) to exercise regularly and (2) to eat healthy George, “she typed the letters.”)
meals. ñ Each time the speaker changes, we normally start a new
paragraph.
Capital Letters
Capital letters are used:
a. for the first letter of the first word in a sentence. e.g.
After shopping all day long, she realised she had spent
a lot of money.

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Key Word Transformations

Present Perfect – Past Simple – 12 It's months since they went on a picnic.
Past Perfect for They haven't ........................................... months.
13 He is the nicest person I've ever met.
Study these examples: such I've never ................................................. person.
14 She has only been working here for a month.
ñ She is the best chess player I’ve ever seen. started She ................................................. a month ago.
I’ve never seen such a good chess player. 15 I haven't done the washing-up yet.
ñ They have never been to Rome before. still I .................................................. the washing-up.
It’s the first time they have been to Rome.
ñ When did you book the tickets? Countable/Uncountable Nouns-
How long ago did you book the tickets? So/Such - Much/Little - Many/Few
How long is it since you booked the tickets?
ñ She came to this country five years ago.
Study these examples:
She has been in this country for five years.
ñ I had some exciting news from my cousins in Belgium. The
ñ Mark started piano lessons two years ago.
news I had from my cousins in Belgium was exciting.
Mark has been taking piano lessons for two years.
ñ Not much evidence was found by the police.
ñ We haven’t had a Chinese meal for three months.
The police found very little evidence.
The last time we had a Chinese meal was three months
ñ Very few people attended the ceremony.
ago.
The ceremony wasn't attended by many people.
ñ It’s a long time since she visited her sister in Australia.
ñ The day was so lovely that we decided to go on a picnic.
She hasn't visited her sister in Australia for a long time.
It was such a lovely day that we decided to go on a picnic.
ñ He hasn't redecorated the house for years.
ñ It was such an exciting film that we watched it twice.
It's years since he (last) redecorated the house.
The film was so exciting that we watched it twice.
ñ He hasn't typed the letters yet.
He still hasn't typed the letters.
ñ They started tidying up as soon as Mary left.
2 Complete the sentences using the words in bold.
They didn't start tidying up until Mary had left.
Use two to five words.
They started tidying up when Mary left. 1 You need flour to make pancakes.
They waited until Mary had left before they started tidying up. needed Flour .............................................. pancakes.
2 The story was very sad and I almost cried.
1 Complete the sentences using the words in bold. that The story was ......................... I almost cried.
Use two to five words. 3 There aren't many eggs left in the fridge.
are There ......................................... in the fridge.
1 I haven't played tennis for weeks.
4 Many students consider physics a difficult subject.
since It's .............................................................. tennis.
considered Physics ............................................ a difficult
2 Sheila hasn't cleaned the house yet.
subject by many students.
still Sheila .................................................. the house.
5 Not much information was given to us by the travel agent.
3 We waited until the rain had stopped before we left.
gave The travel agent ......................... information.
until We ..................................... the rain had stopped.
4 She hasn't been going to the gym for six months. Gerund - Infinitive - Too/Not Enough -
went The last time she ........................ six months ago. Participles
5 He started learning Japanese a year ago.
Study these examples:
for He .............................................................. a year.
6 It's the best comedy I've ever seen. ñ Watching cartoons is amusing.
never I ..................................................... good comedy. It is amusing to watch cartoons.
7 When did Sally get her puppy? ñ He's too young to get a driving licence.
since How long ........................................... her puppy? He isn't old enough to get a driving licence.
8 He hasn't been jogging for a week. ñ They made him confess.
was The last ............................................. a week ago. He was made to confess.
9 They didn't switch off the TV until the film had ended. ñ Could you turn the lights on, please?
when They ............................................. the film ended. Would you mind turning the lights on?
10 Lucy started preparing dinner an hour ago. ñ James found the book boring.
been Lucy ........................................................ an hour. James was bored by the book.
11 The 13th of July was the last time I saw her. ñ She prefers running to swimming.
since I .................................................. the 13th of July. She prefers to run rather than swim.

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ñ They let us see the valuable drawings. ñ It's not necessary to water the plants again.
We were allowed to see the valuable drawings. You don't have/need to/needn't water the plants again.
ñ Tom had difficulty (in) reading my handwriting. ñ Was it necessary for you to get up so early?
It was difficult for Tom to read my handwriting. Did you need to/have to get up so early?
Tom found it difficult to read my handwriting. ñ It wasn't necessary for him to buy so many flowers.
Tom could hardly read my handwriting. He needn't have bought so many flowers.
ñ Finishing that report took me two days.
It took me two days to finish that report. 4 Complete the sentences using the words in bold.
Use two to five words.
3 Complete the sentences using the words in bold.
Use two to five words. 1 Perhaps he didn't steal the money.
may He ................................................... the money.
1 She wasn't well enough to go to school that day.
2 Shall I help you carry your luggage?
ill She ................................... to school that day.
me Would you ....................... carry your luggage?
2 We found the concert rather disappointing.
3 May I use your pencil sharpener?
were We .......................................... by the concert.
if Would you .................. your pencil sharpener?
3 Tom is too short to join the basketball team.
4 It wasn't necessary for you to give me so much money.
enough Tom .................... to join the basketball team.
have You ........................................ so much money.
4 I prefer to eat out rather than cook my own meals.
5 I'm sure Jenny has prepared enough food.
to I prefer ................................... my own meals.
have Jenny .......................................... enough food.
5 The boy could hardly understand the instructions.
6 Was it necessary for Tim to spend all that money?
difficulty They boy .............................. the instructions.
need Did Tim .................................... all that money?
6 My parents let me go to the party.
7 Perhaps he's going away next month.
was I ................................................... to the party.
be He ........................................ away next month.
7 Painting the whole house took us a week.
8 She will probably accept our offer.
paint It took ................................. the whole house.
likely She ..................................................... our offer.
8 He made me rewrite the essay.
9 I'm sure he didn't attend the meeting.
was I ...................................................... the essay.
have He ................................................. the meeting.
9 Could you speak a bit louder?
10 Let's meet outside the Opera.
speaking Would ......................................... a bit louder?
we Shall ............................................... the Opera?
10 It was difficult for John to complete the project.
11 It's not necessary to wear such a heavy pullover.
found John ............................. complete the project.
need You ............................... such a heavy pullover.
12 You aren't allowed to walk on the grass.
Modals
not You .............................................. on the grass.
Study these examples: 13 Perhaps he's asleep at the moment.
be He ............................................ at the moment.
ñ It would be a good idea to quit smoking.
14 Was it necessary for Julie to leave so early?
You should quit smoking.
ñ Shall I help you with the washing-up? have Did ..................................................... so early?
Would you like me to help you with the washing-up? 15 It's likely that she will move house.
ñ It's forbidden to feed the animals in the zoo. probably She will .................................................. house.
You mustn't feed the animals in the zoo.
You aren't allowed to feed the animals in the zoo. Conditionals - Wishes - Unreal Past
ñ May/Might I borrow your dictionary?
Would you mind if I borrowed your dictionary? Study these examples:
ñ Let's go to the beach.
ñ If you don't close the window, the rain will come in. / The
Shall we go to the beach?
rain will come in unless you close the window. / The rain
ñ Perhaps she has got lost.
She may have got lost. won't come in provided you close the window.
ñ They are likely to buy a new house. The rain won't come in as long as you close the window.
It's likely that they will buy a new house. Close the window or else the rain will come in.
They'll probably buy a new house. ñ Should you see John, tell him to call me.
ñ I'm sure she didn't go to the party. If you should see John, tell him to call me.
She can't have gone to the party. ñ If I were Janet, I would see an eye specialist.
ñ I'm sure he has got your message. I think Janet should see an eye specialist.
He must have got your message. I think Janet had better see an eye specialist.

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ñ If it hadn't been for the pilot's bravery, the plane would 5 Your mobile phone will keep working if you recharge the
have crashed. battery.
But for the pilot's bravery the plane would have crashed. provided Your mobile phone will keep working ................
ñ I rejected his offer of help and now I regret it. .......................................................... the battery.
I wish I hadn't rejected his offer of help. 6 You had better practise more.
If only I hadn't rejected his offer of help. were If I .............................................................. more.
I regret that I rejected his offer of help. 7 I'm sorry I told her my secret.
I regret rejecting/having rejected his offer of help. regret I ......................................................... my secret.
I'm sorry that I rejected his offer of help. 8 Why don't you stop talking so much?
It's a pity that I rejected his offer of help. wish I ........................................................... so much.
ñ I would love to see her again. 9 I would love to watch that film again!
If only I could see her again. could I wish .......................................... that film again!
I wish I could see her again. 10 You'd think he was the boss.
ñ Why don't you stop shouting? though He acts ................................................ the boss.
I wish you would stop shouting. 11 You should go to bed; it's getting late.
You had better stop shouting. time It's ................................. to bed; it's getting late.
I'd rather you stopped shouting. 12 Why don't you stop interrupting me?
ñ It's a pity the concert was cancelled. better You ............................................................... me.
I wish the concert hadn't been cancelled. 13 Erik should have checked the price list.
If only the concert hadn't been cancelled. better It ....................... Erik had checked the price list.
ñ I didn't go to the party because I didn't know Tom would 14 Mark ought to post the letter immediately.
be there. sooner I ...................................... the letter immediately.
If I had known Tom would be there, I would have gone to 15 Sue missed the beginning of the film because she was late.
the party. would If Sue hadn't been late, she ...............................
Had I known Tom would be there, I would have gone to the beginning of the film.
the party. 16 Why don't you stop biting your nails?
ñ You ought to have tidied up your room. stop I wish ................................................. your nails.
You should have tidied up your room. 17 You look exhausted. You should take a holiday.
It's (about /high) time you tidied up your room. better You ................... a holiday; you look exhausted.
ñ She bought the car without checking it; it broke down 18 You can drive a car but you must have a licence.
almost immediately. long You can drive a car ............................ a licence.
If only she hadn't bought the car without checking it; it 19 If it hadn't been for her courage, she wouldn't have
broke down almost immediately. survived.
ñ We should have set off earlier. for But ........................ she wouldn't have survived.
It would have been better if we had set off earlier. 20 If you don't put petrol in the car, it won't start.
ñ You ought not to/shouldn't spend so much money on clothes. unless The car won't start ............................ petrol in it.
I'd rather/sooner you didn't spend so much money on
clothes.
ñ Mary should have told us about the meeting earlier. Passive Voice - Causative Form
I'd rather/sooner Mary had told us about the meeting earlier.
ñ You'd think she was a millionairess. Study these examples:
She behaves as if/though she was/were a millionairess.

5 Complete the sentences using the words in bold. ñ A famous poet wrote this poem.
Use two to five words. This poem was written by a famous poet.
ñ People believe (that) he is innocent.
1 What a pity he can't join us. It is believed (that) he is innocent.
only If .............................................................. join us. He is believed to be innocent.
2 You should have listened to my advice. ñ People thought (that) she had left the country.
wish I ..................................................... to my advice. It was thought (that) she had left the country.
3 Sheila ought to have told us she would be late. She was thought to have left the country.
rather I ....................................... us she would be late. ñ She hates it when people tell her what to do.
4 I didn't call him because I had lost his phone number. She hates people telling her what to do.
had If .......................................... his phone number, She hates being told what to do.
I would have called him.

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Key Word Transformations

ñ Why did he insist that I take this test? Reported Speech - Introductory Verbs
Why did he make me take this test?
Why was I made to take this test? Study these examples:
ñ They must print two more copies of this document.
Two more copies of this document must be printed. ñ "Please, please don't hurt me!" she said to him.
ñ Somebody broke into our house last night. She begged him not to hurt her.
Our house was broken into last night. ñ "I'll help you fill in the application form," he said.
We had our house broken into last night. He offered to help her fill in the application form.
ñ They have confiscated his passport. He promised to help her fill in the application form.
He has had his passport confiscated. ñ "You broke my sunglasses!" she said to John.
His passport has been confiscated. She accused John of breaking/having broken her
ñ He will hire someone to repair the garage next week. sunglasses.
He will have the garage repaired next week. ñ She said, "How nice to see you again!"
ñ I heard the door closing behind me. She exclaimed that it was nice to see us again.
I heard the door being closed behind me. ñ "I'd rather stay in tonight," he said to her.
ñ My hair needs trimming. He preferred to stay in that night.
I have to/need to have my hair trimmed. ñ "I didn't talk to Mr Brown about you!" she said to me.
She denied talking/having talked/that she had talked to
Mr Brown about me.
6 Complete the sentences using the words in bold. ñ "I was the one who sent the flowers to Jane," Tim said.
Use two to five words. Tim admitted sending/having sent/that he had sent the
flowers to Jane.
1 His leg was put in plaster after the accident. ñ "I'll report you to the police if you don't give the woman her
had He ......................... in plaster after the accident. money back," he said to the thief.
2 She pays someone to clean the house every week. He threatened to report the thief to the police unless he
cleaned She ................................................. every week. gave the woman her money back.
3 Don't insist that I come to the concert tonight. ñ "Don't forget to post the letter on your way to work," she
make Don't .............................. to the concert tonight. said to her husband.
4 They are holding the reception at the town hall. She reminded her husband to post the letter on his way
is The reception ........................... at the town hall. to work.
5 People say she was responsible for the accident. ñ "Will I ever visit Paris again?” she said.
said She ...................... responsible for the accident. She wondered whether/if she would ever visit Paris again.
6 Steve loves people telling him jokes. ñ "Will you come to my house for dinner?” he said to me.
told Steve ........................................................ jokes. He invited me to his house for dinner.
7 The construction workers will have completed the building ñ "No, I'm not coming to the party with you," she said to us.
by September. She refused to come to the party with us.
been The building ............................... by September. ñ "All right, I'll share the office with you," he said to his colleague.
8 They are going to report the accident to the police. He agreed to share the office with his colleague.
reported The accident ................................. to the police. ñ "Why don't we go to the beach?” he said. / "Shall we go to
9 She arranged for the flowers to be delivered at home. the beach?” he said.
had She ...................................................... at home. He suggested (our) going /(that) we (should) go/that
10 They have to vaccinate the dog against rabies. we went to the beach.
be The dog ...................................... against rabies. ñ "You should consume less fat," the doctor said to Carol.
11 He insisted that I go to the party with them. The doctor advised Carol to consume less fat.
made I ...................................... to the party with them. ñ "Sorry for causing such trouble to you!" he said to us.
12 Everyone knew he was a liar. He apologised for causing/having caused such trouble.
was He .............................................................. a liar. ñ "Don't tease the cat because it will scratch you," mother
13 Wine was spilled on my shirt. said to me.
had I ....................................................... on my shirt. Mother warned me not to tease the cat because it would
14 Lucy's purse has been stolen by somebody. scratch me.
had Lucy ............................................ by somebody.
15 You can find more information at the travel agency.
be More information ...................................... at the
travel agency.

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Key Word Transformations

7 Complete the sentences using the words in bold. Reported Speech - Modals
Use two to five words.
Study this chart:
1 "Let's try the new recipe," Julia said to them.
should Julia ...................................... the new recipe. Modals change as follows in Reported Speech:
2 "You ruined my silk scarf!” Sheila said to Erik.
of Sheila ....................................... her silk scarf. might (possibility)
3 "Please, please don't tell anyone about this!" she said to me. may could (permission)
not She ................................. anyone about that.
4 "I didn't break the coffee machine!" he said. had to (obligation)
breaking He ........................................ coffee machine. must must (deduction/possibility)
5 "Don't go too near the leopard's cage because he might get
angry!" the zoo keeper said to us. didn't need to/didn't have to
not The zoo keeper ......................... too near the needn't (present reference)
leopard's cage because he might get angry. wouldn't have to (future reference)
6 "Will I have time for a holiday?" she asked herself.
whether She .......................... have time for a holiday. could (present reference)
7 "OK, I'll take you to the circus tonight," Father said to us. can would be able to (future reference)
promised Father ....................... to the circus that night.
8 "I'd rather cook than eat out," she said. mustn't mustn't
to She .................................................... eat out.
9 "Don't forget to switch off the washing machine," Tim said to should should
Janet.
reminded Tim ............................. the washing machine. Study these examples:
10 "I'm ever so sorry for being late!” Mark said to Sally.
for Mark ........................................................ late. ñ "I may go abroad this summer," Julie said.
11 "All right, I'll help you iron the clothes," she said to me. Julie said that she might go abroad that summer.
to She ...................................... iron the clothes. ñ "May I see the manager, please?" Susan asked the shop
12 "Can I help you clean the house?" he said to her. assistant.
offered He ....................................... clean the house. Susan asked the shop assistant if she could see the
13 "I will punish you if you speak to me like that again," he said manager.
to me. ñ "I must pay my electricity bill," he said.
threatened He ................................................... if I spoke He said that he had to pay his electricity bill.
to him like that again. ñ "She must be at least twenty-five," he said to me.
14 "What a nice painting!" she said. He told me that she must be at least twenty-five.
exclaimed She ........................................................ nice. ñ "You needn't leave now," she said to him.
15 "Come over to my place for tea," he said to them. She told him that he didn't need/have to leave at that
invited He ....................................................... for tea. moment.
16 "Will she ever behave herself?" he asked himself. ñ "We needn't wake up early tomorrow; it's Sunday," Greg
wondered He ...................................................... herself. said.
17 "I'm not going to wash all these dishes," Tina said. Greg said that they wouldn't have to wake up early the
refused Tina .................................................... dishes. next day as it was Sunday.
18 "Why don't we all go together?" Maria said. ñ "M. Rollands can dance and sing very well," the film
should Maria ..................................... all go together. director said.
19 "I told James your secret," Donald said. The film director said that M. Rollands could dance and
admitted Donald .............................. James my secret. sing very well.
20 "You lost the book I lent you," Sue said to me. ñ "I think we can visit Uncle Louis tomorrow," Father said to
of Sue ..................... the book she had lent me. us.
21 "You should take regular exercise," the physician said to Father told us that we would be able to visit Uncle Louis
me. the next day.
advised The physician ..................... regular exercise. ñ "You mustn't tell lies," Mother said to us.
22 "Of course I'll lend you the money," Bob said to Jane. Mother said that we mustn't tell lies.
promised Bob ..................................... Jane the money. ñ "All of you should be more careful!" the teacher said.
The teacher said that we should all be more careful.

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Key Word Transformations

8 Complete the sentences using the words in bold. 9 Complete the sentences using the words in bold.
Use two to five words. Use two to five words.

1 "I must feed the cat before I leave," Terry said. 1 This cabinet contains our old files.
to Terry said that he ................. the cat before he left. which This is .................................................. our old files.
2 "Nancy needn't type any more letters today," Bob said. 2 Leslie owns four cars. None of them is a convertible.
would Bob said that Nancy ................................................ which Leslie owns four cars, ....................... a convertible.
any more letters that day. 3 We met several people in Bali. Most of them were holiday-
3 "Jordan can tell us about the expedition," Mary said. makers.
said Mary ................................. us about the expedition. whom We met several people in Bali, ................................
4 "You needn't waste any more time on this matter," John said holiday-makers.
to Helen. 4 That's the hotel we stayed in last summer.
have John said that ................................................ waste where That's ................................................. last summer.
any more time on that matter. 5 Mary Brown is the receptionist. John was talking to her a
5 "They may decide to have a party this month," she said to me. minute ago.
told She ................. decide to have a party that month. who Mary Brown, ............................................. a minute
6 "The children can go to the zoo this weekend," Dad said. ago, is the receptionist.
able Dad said that the children ....................................... 6 Lilly is the teacher. Her class did very well in the exam.
to the zoo that weekend. whose Lilly is ............................. did very well in the exam.
7 "May I go out for a minute, sir?" Doug asked the teacher. 7 It was very nice of him to invite us all to his party.
if Doug asked the teacher .................... for a minute. which He invited us all to his party, ........................... him.
8 "You needn't prepare so much food for tomorrow," Fiona 8 I spent the whole summer with the Smiths.
said to me. whom The Smiths are the people ................................ the
have Fiona said that I ....................................................... whole summer.
so much food for the next day. 9 It was a pity that we missed the beginning of the film.
9 "She must be very efficient," said the boss. which We missed the beginning ............................. a pity.
said The boss ............................................ very efficient.
10 "We can cancel tomorrow's meeting if you have got Clauses - Linking words
something urgent to do," Alice said to her boss.
Study these examples:
be Alice said that they .......................... the next day's
meeting if her boss had got something urgent to do.
ñ Whatever you say I don't believe you.
No matter what you say, I don't believe you.
Relatives
ñ Although / Even though he is a very busy man, he always
Study these examples: finds time for a game of chess.
He always finds time for a game of chess despite / in spite
ñ That's the village I went to last summer. of the fact (that) he is a busy man.
That's the village where I went last summer. He always finds time for a game of chess despite / in spite
That's the village which I went to last summer. of being a very busy man.
That's the village to which I went last summer. ñ The flight was delayed. It was snowing heavily.
ñ She let us use her car, which was very kind of her. The flight was delayed because it was snowing heavily.
It was very kind of her to let us use her car. The flight was delayed due to/because of the heavy snow.
ñ That's Ann. Her father is the head teacher. The flight was delayed on the grounds that it was snowing
That's Ann whose father is the head teacher. heavily.
ñ 1969 is the year when man first walked on the moon. The flight was delayed as / since it was snowing heavily.
1969 is the year in which man first walked on the moon. ñ She doesn't know the reason for his sudden departure.
ñ Sean has four sons; three of them are firefighters. She doesn't know (the reason) why he departed suddenly.
Sean has four sons, three of whom are firefighters. ñ He fell ill so he couldn't go to school.
ñ That woman taught us ballet last year. He fell ill and as a result / consequently / therefore he
That's the woman who taught us ballet last year. couldn't go to school.
ñ Father brought home some video tapes. All of them were ñ She took on a second job. She wanted to earn more money.
adventures. She took on a second job so as to earn more money.
Father brought home some video tapes, all of which were She took on a second job so that / in order that she could
adventures. earn more money.

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Key Word Transformations

ñ They installed an alarm system. They didn't want burglars to ñ She's the fastest typist of all.
break in. No one else types/can type as fast as she does.
They installed an alarm system to prevent burglars from She's faster than any other typist.
breaking in. She's a faster typist than anyone else.
They installed an alarm system lest / for fear burglars She types faster than anyone else.
might / should break in. ñ Lucy has got the same number of dresses as Niki.
ñ He put on a raincoat. He didn't want to get wet. Lucy has got as many dresses as Niki.
He put on a raincoat to avoid getting wet. ñ Can't you walk any faster than that?
He put on a raincoat to prevent himself from getting wet. Is that the fastest you can walk?
ñ Take a sandwich with you; you might get hungry. ñ As he works harder he makes more money.
Take a sandwich with you in case you get hungry. The harder he works, the more money he makes.
ñ She registered at they gym. She wanted to get back into ñ That car and this one are very much alike.
shape. That car is similar to this one.
She registered at the gym with a view to / with the aim ñ Sue talked to me very calmly.
of getting back into shape. Sue talked to me in a very calm way.

10 Complete the sentences using the words in bold. 11 Complete the sentences using the words in bold.
Use two to five words. Use two to five words.

1 The dog couldn't run. It had a broken leg. 1 She always smiles very sweetly when I see her.
of The dog couldn't ............................... broken leg. way She always smiles .................................................
2 I won't come to the party. Susan may be there. when I see her.
case I won't come to the party ............................ there. 2 Tim was the hardest working employee in the company.
3 I stayed in. It was going to rain. than Tim ........................................................ any other
as I stayed in ...................................................... rain. employee in the company.
4 She won't tell him. She's afraid he'll laugh at her. 3 Lulu is the best dancer of all.
fear She won't tell him .................................................. as No one else .................................................. Lulu.
laugh at her. 4 Can't you find a better photograph than that?
5 She set off an hour earlier. She didn't want to be late. the Is that .............................................. you can find?
avoid She set off an hour earlier ............................. late. 5 James isn't as sociable as Mark.
6 She put the matches in a cupboard. She didn't want the than James .......................................................... Mark.
children to find them. 6 As he practises more, he becomes better.
from She put the matches in a cupboard to.................. the The .................................................. he becomes.
...................................................................... them. 7 Italian and Spanish are thought to sound alike.
7 "I don't know why he resigned," she said. to Italian is thought .................................... Spanish.
for “I don't know .......................................," she said. 8 I have never stayed at such a comfortable hostel.
8 Bob has been dieting so he has lost weight. the It's .......................................... I've ever stayed at.
result Bob has been dieting ............................................ 9 I work the same number of hours as Vicky.
he has lost weight. many I work .......................................................... Vicky.
9 She shut the window. She didn't want the rain to come in. 10 She's the most imaginative chef I've ever met.
prevent She shut the window to ................................... in. as No other chef ............................................. she is.
10 Henry is studying hard. He wants to pass all his exams.
as Henry is studying hard .................. all his exams.
11 Although he is rich, he's very mean with money. Mixed Key Word Transformations
being He is very mean with money ......................... rich. 12 Complete the sentences using the words in bold.
Use two to five words.
Comparisons
Study these examples: 1 The garden needs weeding.
have You ... have to weed ... the garden.
ñ Greg is stronger than John. 2 The school is near my house.
John isn't as strong as Greg. far The school ................................................. house.
John is less strong than Greg. 3 When did you last visit the dentist?
ñ I've never seen such a thick forest. since How long ................................................. you last
It's the thickest forest I've ever seen. visited the dentist?

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Key Word Transformations

4 She doesn't want to take the bus. 27 He is believed to be married.

rather She ....................................................... the bus. believe People .................................................. married.
5 There's no shampoo left. 28 Due to Ruth's illness, the trip was put off.
run We ..................................................... shampoo. of The trip ...............................................................
6 "I'm terribly sorry for calling you names," she said to me. Ruth's illness.
for She .................................................. me names. 29 Anna doesn't often speak in front of crowds.
7 He extinguished the fire with water. used Anna ........................................................in front
put He ............................................................ water. of crowds.
8 The last time I went camping was years ago. 30 The water was too cold for me to swim in.
for I ................................................................ years. have The water was .....................................................
9 Have you had any news from the doctor? not swim in it.
heard Have ...................................................... doctor? 31 It wasn't necessary to buy me all these flowers.
10 The car had been serviced before we went on holiday.
have You ....................................me all these flowers.
had We ..................................................... before we
32 He was very happy; he couldn't stop smiling.
went on holiday.
that He was ...........................................................not
11 They say that he is the strongest man in the world.
stop smiling.
said He ................................................. the strongest
33 He regrets not going to the party last week.
man in the world.
gone He wishes .......................to the party last week.
12 He was so tired that he couldn't drive any longer.
34 "Don't stay out too late," my mother said to me.
too He ........................................... drive any longer.
13 She learned to speak French when she was ten. warned My mother ....................................................stay
able She .............................................. speak French out too late.
since she was ten. 35 She wasn't allowed to leave the table until she had
14 The teacher made the students stay behind after school. finished eating.
were The students ...................................................... could She ..................................until she had finished
behind after school by the teacher. eating.
15 I haven't eaten meat for years. 36 I'm sure she had forgotten his birthday.
gave I .................................................................. ago. must She .................................................his birthday.
16 "Don't forget to go to the post office, Peter," Karen said. 37 She thought I was the salesperson.
reminded Karen ......................................... the post office. mistook She ................................................................the
17 The invention proved to be a failure. salesperson.
turned The invention ....................................... a failure. 38 I can't sleep with the lights on.
18 I'm sure Susan didn't know about the surprise party. unless I can't sleep ..................................................off.
have Susan ................................................................. 39 When was the last time you ate Mexican food?
the surprise party. ago How long ....................................Mexican food?
19 I hope you don't mind if I smoke. 40 I think you should walk the dog.
object Do ...................................................... smoking? had You ........................................................the dog.
20 Do you have to speak so loud? 41 Did Carl telephone his brother?
necessary Is it ...................................................... so loud? wonder I .......................................................his brother?
21 Although James is short, he's a good basketball player. 42 Gianni Versace designed her wedding dress.
being Despite ................................................... a good had She ......................................by Gianni Versace.
basketball player. 43 John runs faster than David.
22 I get to work in twenty minutes. as David doesn't ............................................John.
takes It ................................................. to get to work. 44 Can you take care of the children while I'm out?
23 We do not allow photos to be taken in the museum.
after Can .................................................................the
forbidden You ......................................................... photos
children while I'm out?
in the museum.
45 I would rather go swimming.
24 The only person who didn't dance was Mary.
to I'd ......................................................swimming.
except Everyone .................................................. Mary.
46 The play was more successful than I had expected.
25 He's against the use of animals in experiments.
such I hadn't expected the ..........................................
of He ...........................................................the use
of animals in experiments. success.
26 The teacher chose the topic for the debate. 47 I can't decide what to cook for dinner.
was The topic for debate............................................ mind I can't ......................................................what to
the teacher. cook for dinner.
48 They'll have the car fixed by Monday .
have The car ............................................by Monday.

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Key Word Transformations

49 It is not possible to take a few days off. 73 Don't bother to call Chris - his phone's not working.
possibility There .......................................................a few point There's .........................................................- his
days off. phone's not working.
50 If I were you, I'd buy a new car. 74 My father thinks rock music is a bad influence.
shoes If I ......................................, I'd buy a new car. approve My father...........................................rock music.
51 Take an umbrella; it might rain later on tonight. 75 She is too young to get married.
case Take an umbrella.............................................. enough She is not ..............................................married.
later on tonight. 76 There aren't any tickets left for the concert.
52 Can you dispose of my old fridge? no There ..............................................................for
rid Can you.....................................my old fridge? the concert.
53 She didn't drive during the rush hour. 77 Alison doesn't like opera. Sheila doesn't like opera either.
avoided She.............................................the rush hour. nor Neither .................................................................
54 Perhaps she woke up late. opera.
may She ............................................................late. 78 Our culture and theirs are alike.
55 What do you think of the new film? similar Our culture ...............................................theirs.
opinion What's ........................................the new film? 79 I think they will go on strike.
56 Could you help me with these boxes? as It looks ................................................................
hand Could you ...................................these boxes? on strike.
57 Maria rejected Paul's invitation.
80 They have a friendly relationship with their neighbours.
turned Maria .................................................invitation.
terms They .............................................................their
58 She intends to go to Europe next summer.
neighbours.
intention It is ...................................................to Europe
81 Being famous has not changed him at all.
next summer.
fame Despite .......................................changed at all.
59 We couldn't drive because of the bad weather.
82 It's time we had the flower-beds weeded.
from The .......................................................driving.
need The flower-beds .................................................
60 "Let's go riding," Michael said.
weeded.
going Michael .................................................riding.
83 The postman hasn't delivered the mail.
61 Bob likes collecting antique telephones.
been The mail ........................................................yet.
interested Bob .......................................................antique
84 I gained weight while I was on holiday.
telephones.
62 They should have invited us to the wedding. on I ...............................................................was on
been We should .....................................................to holiday.
the wedding. 85 My father doesn't want me to watch violent films.
63 I can hardly wait for the party. objects My father .........................................violent films.
forward I'm ....................................................the party. 86 I was so anxious about the exam, that I failed it.
64 Haven't you got a taller ladder than this? too I failed the exam ......................anxious about it.
the Is this ....................................... you have got? 87 The convict surrendered and made a full confession.
65 Edward doesn't work here any more. gave The convict ................................full confession.
used Edward .....................................................here. 88 Paula is a teacher and so is her sister.
66 The drinks machine has stopped working again. and Both Paula .........................................................
order The drinks machine ......................................... teachers.
again. 89 That's Tim's pen.
67 I only managed to see the film star for a second. to That .............................................................Tim.
glimpse I only managed .......................of the film star. 90 I am tired of my friends treating me badly.
68 David left early because he wanted to arrive on time. treated I am tired of ......................................my friends.
order David left early ....................................on time. 91 Paul doesn't want to learn German.
69 The children liked their new teacher right away. rather Paul .......................................................German.
took The children ...................................right away. 92 "Yes, it was certainly an interesting film," he said.
70 It's possible she missed the bus. agreed He .....................................................interesting,
may She ....................................................the bus. 93 It is a shame that you can't come to the party.
71 She doesn't usually talk to strangers. wish I .......................................................to the party.
like It's not .............................................................. 94 The play was amusing.
to strangers. were We..........................................................the play.
72 Let's go out for dinner. 95 "Why don't you wait by the lamppost?" Sue said to me.
going How ................................................for dinner? should Sue...........................................by the lamppost.

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Key Word Transformations

96 He spent his savings on a fabulous holiday in France. 120 He will probably go to university if he studies harder.
where He took a fabulous holiday ............................... likely He ................................................university if he
................................................... all his savings. studies harder.
97 He earned over í300 last week; he spent it all on clothes. 121 Despite my previous experience my application was
which He earned over í300 last week, ......................... rejected.
clothes. turned They ...................................despite my previous
98 Some people think that he was lying. experience.
thought He ..................................................................liar. 122 A stranger helped us find our way back.
99 The last time I went to the circus was ten years ago. for If ..................................................a stranger, we
been It ..........................................I went to the circus. wouldn't have found our way back.
100 They collected the rubbish off the dirty beach to help 123 The children should be in bed by now.
reduce pollution. time It's ............................................................in bed.
up They ......................................................the dirty 124 He regained consciousness after being in a coma for two
beach to help reduce pollution. days.
101 The teacher made the students copy their homework came He .................................................in a coma for
assignment. two days.
were The students ......................................homework 125 Larry was supposed to call me last week.
assignment. ought Larry ..............................................me last week.
102 Tom sings better than Ralph. 126 The students continued writing the test in spite of the
singer Tom ...........................................................Ralph. noise.
103 He collects stamps which are worth a lot of money. carried The students .................................in spite of the
collection His ..............................................a lot of money. noise.
104 I can't afford to buy a car. 127 It takes six hours to fly from London to New York.
wish I .......................................................to buy a car.
flight It's a .........................from London to New York.
105 He had to pay someone to redecorate his house.
128 I had never met such an interesting person before.
have He ..................................................redecorated.
before Never ......................................................such an
106 I couldn't understand the professor's lecture.
interesting person.
sense I couldn't ................................... the professor's
129 As well as owning a Mercedes, they also have a Rolls
lecture.
Royce.
107 You should join the tennis club.
got Not only .......................................Mercedes but
member You should ................................the tennis club.
they've also got a Rolls Royce.
108 She baked the bread for hours.
130 Susan has to take care of her ageing mother.
her It .........................................................the bread.
look Susan..........................................ageing mother.
109 The thunder frightened Tom.
131 Alison resembles her father; she has his fiery temper.
scared Tom .................................................the thunder.
takes Alison .....................................; she has his fiery
110 It was raining so much that the concert was cancelled.
temper.
heavy The rain ....................................the concert was
cancelled. 132 I wish I hadn't told her about our weekend plans.
111 The axe was too blunt to chop the wood. regret I ................................about our weekend plans.
sharp The axe .................................to chop the wood. 133 The Smiths haven't decided whether to buy a house in the
112 I've never eaten oysters before. country or not.
time It's the ...........................................eaten oysters. mind The Smiths can't ...................................whether
113 I can't afford to buy that dress. to buy a house in the country or not.
expensive That dress is .........................................to buy. 134 The drive was so long that we were exhausted by the end of
114 I stopped smoking last year. the day.
gave I ............................................................last year. such It was ..................................we were exhausted
115 I don't live far from Mary. by the end of the day.
close Mary ..................................................each other. 135 All the people present said that the accident was Jenny's
116 We went jogging even though it was raining. fault.
spite In ...................................................went jogging. blame All the people present said that .........................
117 Jane said that she'd rather eat chocolate than ice-cream. ........................................................the accident.
prefers Jane said that she..............................ice-cream. 136 Your hair really needs cutting.
118 "It was Tina who stole Mary's ring," Pat said. had It's about .......................................................cut.
of Pat ....................................................Mary's ring. 137 The school match was postponed due to bad weather.
119 I'm sure it was John who borrowed the book. put The school match was .......................................
have It ..................................who borrowed the book. bad weather.

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Error Correction
Subject – Object 3 Cross out the unnecessary words in the
following sentences.
Avoid repetition of the subject or the object in a sentence.
1 Jim saw Mary to take the book from the shelf.
Study these examples: 2 Mother never lets me to say out after midnight.
3 Don't make me to do this, please!
ñ Mike he is a hotel receptionist. 4 She heard the door to slam behind her.
ñ The sea was too rough to swim in it. 5 You must never to lie.

1 Cross out the unnecessary words in the Time Words - If/Unless

following sentences.
No future tense (e.g. will) or conditional (e.g. would) can
1 Don’t worry about the dog; it will be taken care of it. follow time words (e.g. when, as soon as, etc.) or if/unless.
2 The woman who just came in she is our boss.
3 The tea is too hot for me to drink it. Study these examples:
4 A man whose name it was George was looking for you.
5 I will never forget that man who he was so kind to me. ñ If you will see her, tell her to call me.
ñ When you would go to the post office, could you get me
Definite / Indefinite Articles some stamps?

Avoid misusing the articles a(n)/the with proper or

4 Cross out the unnecessary words in the
uncountable nouns and quantatives.
following sentences.

1 When you will return we can have dinner together.

Study these examples: 2 Don't start doing the exercise unless I will tell you to.
3 Tracy will make her calls after we will leave.
ñ I bought a pair of trousers like the Tom's.
4 I will go shopping if I would finish work early.
ñ Sheila bought a jewellery from that shop.
5 I'll wait until you will come back.
ñ The most people like good comedy films.
ñ We went to Malta on the holiday. Verbs Without Prepositions
ñ We always have a breakfast at 7.30 am.
ñ Why don't you go to the bed? It's late. Some verbs such as tell, discuss, lack, etc. are not
ñ We went skiing on the Mt Vermont. followed by a preposition.

2 Cross out the unnecessary words Study these examples:

in the following sentences.
ñ He lacks of the talent to be a ballet dancer.
1 I love holidaying at the Lake Geneva. ñ She told to me that she was ready.
2 She won the lottery and bought a furniture for her new flat.
3 Many people think that happiness is the most important 5 Cross out the unnecessary words in the
thing in the life. following sentences.
4 She is crazy about the Eric Clapton's music.
5 The many people have visited this area in the past couple of 1 I called to him twice, but he didn't answer the phone.
months. 2 They answered to my question immediately.
3 When shall we discuss about it?
Bare Infinitive 4 The train reached at the station a few minutes after four.
5 Children ought to obey to their parents.
Some verbs such as: 6 Mary resembles with her grandmother.
a) modals (can, must, may, etc.) 7 I regret for not buying tickets last week.
b) verbs describing senses in the active voice 8 We entered into the room and sat down on the sofa.
(see, hear, etc.)
c) make (in the active voice) and let Comparisons
always take the bare infinitive.
Study these examples:
Study these examples:
ñ I have a brother three years more younger than me.
ñ She made me to tell her everything. ñ They are not as rich as are their neighbours.
ñ Did you hear him to say that? ñ She's not very much like to me.
ñ He cannot to come with us tonight.
ñ He plays tennis much more better than I do.

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Error Correction

6 Cross out the unnecessary words in the 3 Dental Hygiene

following sentences.
(0) Surveys have been shown that people not only fear
1 He lives too much farther from school than I do. (00) going to the dentist, they also seem to be afraid of ✓
2 Mark was wearing the same tie as was Tom. (1) brushing their teeth! Everyone knows how much scary
3 He is more taller than his friend. (2) the sound of a dentist’s drill is, and how so unpleasant the
4 He is not as clever as is Jane. (3) smells of the waiting room are, and before going to the
5 I'm afraid I cooked many too much food for tonight. (4) dentist we all imagine horrible things to happening.
(5) Since this is the case, why do so many of people
(6) not bother to prevent from dental problems in the first
(7) place by taking a proper care of their teeth?
Error Correction T¯ts (8)
(9)
Dentists are being horrified by the number of people
who visit them only when they cannot stand the
Read the texts. Some lines are correct and some (10) pain of a bad tooth any longer and the tooth
(11) in the question has to be pulled out. To have healthy,
have a word which should not be there. If a line is
(12) problem-free teeth you should have brush for three to five
correct, put a tick (✓) next to it. Ifa line has a word (13) minutes at least twice a day, replace with your toothbrush
which should not be there,cross the word out (✗). (14) every three months and visit the dentist for a check-up
(15) twice a year—then you’ll have no more dental nightmares!
1 Cross-country skiing
4 All-In Holidays
(0) Whether you want to keep in fit or simply enjoy the
(00) beauty of nature in the winter, cross-country ✓ (0) At the moment, there is so for much competition in the
(1) skiing it is the ideal sport. To start with, cross-country is (00) travel business that holiday organisers ✓
(2) cheap. All you need for is a special pair if boots, two (1) are having had to include more and more in their
(3) narrow skis and a few layers of warm clothing. Unlike (2) packages all the time. The latest idea is about the “all-in”
(4) downhill skiers, you won’t have to fork out for trendy (3) holiday, a package deal which it includes everything from
(5) aerodynamic ski-wear or frequently needed ski-lift (4) food and drinks to entertainment and excursions. This
(6) passes. Another one plus is the thousands of miles of (5) may be sound like an excellent deal, but the only real
(7) trails throughout Europe and the America. You could (6) winners are the tour operators and travel agents. The
(8) ski every day for the rest of your life without travelling (7) biggest of losers are the host countries, as tourists no
(9) the same trail twice. Perhaps what can makes this form (8) longer need to spend the money on daily basics,
(10) of recreation so popular is that it’s an activity (9) entertainment or travel. It is also the case that local
(11) the whole family can enjoy. It originated in (10) hotel owners must have to work extremely hard to
(12) Scandinavia many more centuries ago, but today (11) provide all the food, services and facilities that tourists
(13) more and more people are beginning to (12) have been promised, while they lose out the chance to
(14) appreciate it as a quiet way for to unwind, (13) make a profit by charging for the “extras” that
(14) guests were used to pay for. Nevertheless, “all-in” seems
(15) exercise and much enjoy the winter landscape.
(15) to be the future of package holidays.
2 The Lock Ness Monster 5 Help for our Feathered Friends
(0) I spent the whole of last summer with my aunt ✓
(0) How do birds in cold countries survive from the winter?
(00) who she lives in a small cottage near Loch Ness, in (00) Many simply leave and migrate to warmer areas. ✓
(1) Scotland. It was very exciting because I thought I might (1) However, the most bird species, which do not fly south
(2) get a chance to see the monster, so the every day I (2) when the temperature drops, have to struggle
(3) went for fishing on the Loch, always remembering to take (3) to stay on alive. One way they keep warm is by sitting
(4) my camera with me —just in the case. (4) close together. Some of birds will fly up to two kilometres
(5) It was a Sunday afternoon when my wish came as true. (5) through icy winds so as they can find other birds
(6) I had been on the Lock for about an hour when (6) to perch beside them. Up to sixty-one birds have been seen
(7) I heard to a strange sound behind me. I looked round (7) inside a single nesting box! Despite of there being less
(8) and saw at some bubbles on the surface of the water. (8) food available in the winter, birds need to eat more
(9) Suddenly, no more than three metres far away, a big (9) during the cold months. The problem is being made
(10) head had came out of the water — It was the monster! (10) worse by the fact that ice and snow cover on the ground
(11) I ran to the other end of the boat to fetch my camera, (11) and the water they need for to drink is frozen.
(12) but in my excitement I tipped the boat over, which (12) We can help, though, by setting up feeding tables
(13) sent me and all from my things into the Loch. (13) in our gardens or on our balconies. Such as tables
(14) My camera was being lost, and by the time I looked (14) can be valuable to our feathered friends, since they
(15) round again, the monster had disappeared. (15) are designed to prevent cats from climbing on them.

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Multiple Choice Cloze Texts

For questions 1 - 15, read the texts below and decide which word A, B, C or D best fits each space.

1 How to Recognise a Seasoned Traveller 2 The Telephone

The thought of going to the airport and 0) … B … to a foreign After the wheel, the telephone is 0) … A … by many to be the
country is exciting to many people. However, in their enthusiasm greatest 1) ……… of all time. It allows instant, 2) ………
they can 1) ……… one of the silly mistakes a seasoned traveller communication with virtually anyone, no matter where they are.
would never make. The inventor of this amazing method of 3) ……… sound,
The seasoned traveller will always 2) ……… at the airport with Alexander Graham Bell, was born in Scotland in 1847. However,
plenty of time to 3) ……… in . Stressful travelling is not for them. he 4) ……… most of his life in America, where he studied human
Tickets and passports are always 4) ……… hand, either in a 5) ……… in order to help the deaf. The development of the
briefcase, handbag or other hand 5) ……… . You don’t see them telephone was an indirect result of this 6) ……… .
having to open their suitcase in front of everybody to find The telephone was immediately successful after its
passports and tickets. appearance in the mid 1870s. Ten years after Bell had been
They will also be wearing 6) ……… clothing as there is nothing 7) ……… a patent for his invention, there were 150,000
worse than travelling in clothes and shoes that are too 7) ……… . telephones 8) ……… in the United States alone.
If they are flying long distances, you’ll 8) ……… them immediately Although it has been with us for over 100 years, its 9) …..……
as they are the people who will have 9) ……… off their shoes. Yes! technology has changed very little. What has changed, though,
It is an acceptable thing to do when flying long distances. is the 10) ……......… over which the telephone can be effectively
Women will be wearing 10) ……… or no make-up. Twenty used. The long-distance problem has gradually been over come
minutes or so before 11) ……… they will go towards the toilets over the years by using a number of different technologies
with their make-up bag. They’ll brush their teeth and hair, put on 11) ……… undersea cables, microwave radio signals and
some make-up and perfume and 12) ……… to their seats satellites which 12) ……… the earth.
completely refreshed. Today, we tend to 13) ………... the telephone for granted; we
When the plane has landed, they don’t 13) ………; they know forget what an incredible device it really is. So, the next time you
that the airport buses will 14) ……… for them, and by the time get a phone call from overseas, try to remember the genius of
they have gone through passport control, their suitcases will have the man who 14) ……… us this invention, an invention which
appeared on the baggage reclaim conveyor 15) ……… . has truly changed the 15) ……… world.

0 A riding B flying C departing D leaving 0 A considered B wondered C spoken D told

1 A make B do C commit D attempt 1 A discovery B instrument C invention D tool

2 A reach B come C arrive D get 2 A straight B upfront C downright D direct

3 A fill B check C register D sign 3 A transmitting B broadcasting C circulating D reporting

4 A in B with C off D at 4 A spent B passed C devoted D settled

5 A luggage B package C case D belongings 5 A talk B speech C voice D sound

6 A convenient B helpful C useful D comfortable 6 A examination B inspection C research D review

7 A firm B compact C tight D stiff 7 A allowed B admitted C provided D granted

8 A realise B understand C recognise D acknowledge 8 A installed B set C put D placed

9 A taken B put C set D held 9 A easy B basic C primary D primitive

10 A few B tiny C less D little 10 A gap B length C distance D space

11 A landing B touching C stopping D halting 11 A including B consisting C inserting D composing

12 A resume B rejoin C return D regain 12 A rotate B circle C round D cycle

13 A accelerate B race C speed D rush 13 A keep B hold C give D take

14 A expect B wait C anticipate D look 14 A made B provided C created D brought

15 A aisle B zone C belt D corridor 15 A current B modern C recent D latest

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Multiple Choice Cloze Texts

3 Dreaming of Becoming a Lifeguard? Think Twice! 4 Transport

After watching the internationally 0) … B … TV programme The love 0) … A … between the Americans and their cars has
Baywatch, many people are 1) ……… to become lifeguards. been going on for decades, but new 1) ……… shows that they
The lifestyle, as shown on TV, is quite glamorous — beautiful might be getting too much of a good thing. It 2) ……… that the
people enjoy the sunshine and 2) ……… adventurous lives. Yet dream of freedom and independence, which the car represents,
would-be lifeguards should remember a few basic 3) ……… is 3) ……… into a nightmare for people there.
before signing up for a life-saving course. Firstly, 4) ……… to be The problem is caused by urban sprawl, which is the
a lifeguard involves hard, physical work, and the classes one uncontrolled 4) ……… of cities. Low-density housing is being built
must take are very time-consuming. Second, working in this on the 5) ……… of urban areas, and is swallowing up farmland
5) ……… is not usually glamorous —far from it. Watching a and forests. As a(n) 6) ………, people in America must drive five
6) ……… of children splashing around in a swimming pool is times farther than Europeans on a daily 7) ……… .
nothing 7) ……… of boring. Finally, it is not easy to find Another problem is that public transport in US mega-cities is
employment in this field, and even those lucky enough to find a not popular. In fact, only 3% use public transport to get to work,
job are often poorly paid. as 8) ……… with 25% of Europeans and up to 67% of Asians.
On the other hand, swimming lap after lap in a public pool 9) ……… the wasted hours spent commuting, the fumes
while 8) ……… to be a lifeguard is an excellent way of keeping 10) ……… by unnecessary car travel is seriously 11) ……… air
physically 9) ……… . Also, it is 10) ……… to know how to rescue quality in American cities. There is a solution, 12) ……… .
people who are in 11) ……… of drowning. It may be true that Redeveloping city centres to allow more people to live in them,
lifeguarding is 95% boredom and 5% 12) ………, but the feeling of close to where they work, would go a long 13) ……… towards
saving someone’s life is indescribable. solving the problem. Such a 14) ……… change would be
To 13) ……… up, lifeguarding is not all “fun in the sun”. It’s a expensive, but a major change to city planning is certainly
lot of hard work. Still, one who has 14) ……… both its advantages 15) ……… if Americans are to “get off the streets” and find the
and disadvantages may decide that it is a rewarding, worthwhile time to enjoy their wealth.
occupation which 15) ……… their character. © NEW SCIENTIST

0 A public B known C common D standard 0 A affair B relation C relationship D connection

1 A provoked B drawn C attracted D tempted 1 A investigation B examination C research D study

2 A lead B conduct C guide D pass 2 A seems B looks C thinks D presents

3 A happenings B events C facts D incidents 3 A becoming B getting C converting D turning

4 A certifying B qualifying C equipping D rehearsing 4 A evolution B growth C increase D extension

5 A task B work C employment D job 5 A cliffs B edges C ends D tips

6 A group B team C mass D company 6 A conclusion B outcome C result D effect

7 A little B less C small D short 7 A principle B ground C base D basis

8 A coaching B exercising C training D instructing 8 A compared B contrasted C differed D opposed

9 A firm B correct C shaped D fit 9 A Apart B Besides C Except D Despite

10 A invaluable B intelligent C worthy D priceless 10 A composed B built C developed D produced

11 A matter B danger C risk D hazard 11 A worsening B fading C shortening D weakening

12 A activation B action C acting D act 12 A although B even C however D still

13 A conclude B finish C sum D end 13 A distance B way C length D extent

14 A judged B worked C considered D thought 14 A forceful B insignificant C drastic D harsh

15 A adjusts B suits C adapts D applies 15 A necessary B enquired C inquired D demanded

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Open Cloze Texts

Read through the texts and think of the word 3
which best fits in each space. Write only one Sightseeing - Kenya
word in each space.
Whether you prefer sleeping 0) …under… the stars or
1 spending the night in a luxurious hotel, Kenya is the ideal
Searching for Shipwrecks holiday destination for you. This beautiful country, located
1) ……… the east coast of Africa, offers holiday-makers a
Nothing can prepare you 0) …for… the first sight of a 2) ……… variety of activities to choose 3) ……… .
sunken shipwreck. 1) ……… minute you’re bobbing about If you're the adventurous type, Kenya has 4) ……… of the
on the surface of the sea, the 2) ……… you’re down in the best safari holidays in 5) ……… world. Observe lions, ele-
gloomy depths swimming round the battered remains of phants, buffaloes, zebras and rhinos in their natural habitat.
once great sea vessels, coming face to face 3) ……… 6) ……… your meals cooked on an open fire 7) ……… wild
bottles, plates and even rubber boots which were once in animals roam nearby. Better 8) ………, get a bird's eye view
everyday use. Some divers 4) ……… tempted to claim such from a hot-air balloon, of hippos, crocodiles and "red"
objects as souvenirs, while 5) ……… say these underwater elephants (so nicknamed 9) ……… of the mud they roll
monuments 6) ……… remain untouched. The former argue themselves in).
that it is the personal items of those unfortunate people 10) ……… you prefer a less adventurous holiday, Kenya
7) ……… help us to understand more about 8) ………, while has some of the 11) ……… beautiful resorts in Africa.
the latter claim that 9) ……… action is as bad 10) ……… Sunbathe on long stretches of deserted white beaches,
grave - robbing. scuba-dive among the magnificent coral reefs or take a
One of the 11) ……… popular wrecks to visit is the British glass-bottomed boat ride out to the Watamu Marine Park.
merchant ship, the Thistlegorm.She has lain 12) ……… the Wander around busy markets 12) ……… you can purchase
bottom of the Red Sea 13) ……… she was sunk by a German anything 13) ……… semi-precious stones to hand-made
bomber in 1941. An explorer’s treasure trove, she contains baskets.
jeeps, trucks and aircraft wings. Then 14) ……… are the To put it in a nutshell, 14) ……… your idea of a perfect
rubber boots —hundreds and hundreds of pairs. holiday is, Kenya is guaranteed to have it and 15) ………
Nevertheless, what an army of soldiers fighting in the desert more.
15) ……… do with rubber boots is anybody’s guess.
4
Killer Nets
2
Pollution In 0) …these… days of environmental awareness, it
comes 1) ……… a surprise to many that fishermen of some
With 0) …the… combination of deadly car fumes and an countries are 2) ……… using nets that are over twenty-five
alarming amount of industrial toxins, Mexico City is by kilometres long. These drift nets 3) ……… pulled behind
1) ……… the most polluted city in the world. It is so polluted boats and clear the seas and oceans of all the living
in fact, 2) ……… it has broken the World Health creatures swimming near the surface.
Organisation’s safety levels. Some of the main victims of 4) ……… controversial fishing
3) ……… to lack of pollution control, little has 4) ……… techniques are dolphins, sea turtles and whales. The
done to improve the air quality of Mexico City. The 30,000 fishermen are typically trying to catch tuna or swordfish,
industrial factories that operate within the city have 5) ……… 5) ……… up to 85% of the species 6) ……… end up in the
regulations whatsoever regarding the release of toxic waste nets are 7) ……… types of sea creatures.
6) ……… the atmosphere. This, combined 7) ……… the one Scientists are confused by the fact 8) ……… dolphins are
million barrels of leaded petrol used 8) ……… day, has not able to avoid the nets. 9) ……… making high-pitched
caused pollution levels to sky-rocket. sounds which bounce off objects in 10) ……… way, dolphins
The city's dilemma is made 9) ……… by its high altitude. use "echolocation" to detect the objects in 11) ……… of
Situated on a 7,000 foot high plateau and surrounded them. More study is necessary to learn 12) ……… this ability
10) ……… mountains and volcanoes, the pollution has no of the dolphins is not allowing them to stay out of the nets.
11) ……… of escaping and becomes trapped. International pressure is building 13) ……… to end the
Mexico's government is worried 12) ……… the pollution, use of drift nets. 14) ……… that happens, though, marine
but sadly, the efforts that have been made so 13) ………, mammals 15) ……… continue to die, held beneath the
such as only allowing cars to operate for six 14) ……… of surface of the water and unable to breathe the air they need
seven days, are simply 15) ……… enough. to survive.

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Revision
S E C T I O N
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∞ Multiple Choice Questions

Read the sentences below and decide which answer A, B, C or D best fits each blank.

1 Our coach feels .................. of our team’s victory in the 17 Many people were forced to abandon their homes due to
semi-finals. .................. weather conditions.
A safe B confident C secure D definite A heavy B cruel C mean D severe

2 The unknown rock band .................. the country with 18 After the car accident Irene .................... from loss of
amazing success. memory.
A visited B brought C toured D ran A hurt B suffered C injured D failed

3 The traffic warden gave me .................. ticket for parking in 19 You may .................. difficulties when studying a foreign
the wrong place. language.
A a B any C some D only A create B bear C stand D experience

4 The sales manager was delighted .................. the high 20 As they drove along the road she .................. out the house
demand for their products. where she used to live.
A among B with C out D of A spoke B picked C pointed D showed

5 In the .................. I used to travel abroad very often. 21 This train ticket is ................. for six months.
A old B medieval C past D antique A due B valid C worthy D valued

6 All students’ photos should be .................. to their 22 Catherine was so shocked by the terrible news that she
application forms. couldn’t utter a .................. word.
A related B connected C linked D attached A particular B single C only D unique

7 The .................. part of the chimney was blown off by the 23 Everyone was surprised that John has finally .................. to
strong wind. overcome his fear of aeroplanes.
A upper B over C higher D taller A resulted B managed C succeeded D achieved

8 I’m really .................. with my new skirt because it’s a 24 A lot of .................. has been put into finding effective ways
perfect match for my red shirt. to protect our natural environment.
A eager B pleased C fond D enthusiastic A effort B labour C task D attempt

9 My mother always tells me not to judge by .................. 25 Driving to the mountains he caught a .................. of a deer
because they can be misleading. running in the forest.
A spectacles B looks C appearances D attractions A glance B look C sight D glimpse

10 Why did Mr Stephens refuse to give his .................. to his 26 I don’t think Timothy should have .................. hopes of
daughter’s marriage? passing his exams.
A approval B consent C confirmation D agreement A big B high C complete D maximum

11 Being .................. an arrogant person Mrs Hampty rarely 27 I .................. my CD recorder to Robin two months ago and
shows any consideration for others. he still hasn’t given it back.
A such B so C even D as A borrowed B paid C charged D lent

12 If I were you I’d take my doctor’s ................. and stay in bed. 28 I think that most .................. would rather go on a tour
A notice B advice C suggestion D information around the city than spend a whole day in a museum.
A spectators B observers C onlookers D sightseeers
13 “Did he .................. say that you had taken his files?”
A genuinely B truly C actually D positively 29 Being extremely weak, it took her quite a long time to get
.................. her illness.
14 She had never felt so happy as she did the first .................. A on B from C over D in
she saw the ocean.
A event B time C moment D occasion 30 He decided to start buying Geographic because the
.................. to the magazine was only í15 per year.
15 Caving used to be one of my father’s favourite .................. A fare B fee C ticket D subscription
when he was a university student.
A situations B occupations C careers D functions 31 I know .................. how Sue felt when she failed her driving
test.
16 He had good .................. for handing in his resignation. A distinctly B essentially C particularly D exactly
A methods B opportunities C reasons D ways

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∞ Multiple Choice Questions

32 Rex was not to .................. for the accident. It was the other 52 He was .................. of stealing the painting.
driver who didn’t stop at the red traffic lights. A blamed B charged C accused D criticised
A accuse B blame C criticise D charge
53 His irresponsibility .................. many problems.
33 Nora’s mother wasn’t keen .................. her studying abroad. A moved B made C brought D caused
A in B for C on D at
54 Parents worry about the .................. of television on their
34 It took him a long time to .................. which reports were children.
important. A questions B effects C results D reactions
A capture B discover C trap D get
55 They always .................. with him.
35 Mary is a .................. customer at that shop. A provide B meet C agree D please
A plain B regular C primary D normal
56 The .................. part of the discussion concentrated on
36 She just had to .................. the ingredients slowly. education.
A construct B mix C assemble D fix A latter B current C recent D future

37 When Harry’s dog died, he felt .................. and empty for a 57 She walked .................. the street to meet her friend.
few weeks. A off B up C through D on
A sad B bad C weak D short
58 I would .................. teach than work in an office.
38 Did you .................. her about the accident? A rather B just C already D prefer
A state B remark C tell D talk
59 Every .................. room in the house was damaged.
39 She .................. the report yesterday. A only B single C one D sole
A submitted B gave C sold D dealt
60 She will have the money .................. two weeks.
40 The sofa will be .................. in five days. A in B for C at D of
A provided B delivered C serviced D offered
61 He has written the largest .................. of poems.
41 Although her foot was better, she still walked with A pack B kit C mixture D collection
.................. caution.
62 His behaviour could ......................... to an unpleasant
A extreme B extensive C intentional D deep
situation.
42 Two prisoners tried to .................. last night. A raise B build C lead D generate
A miss B escape C pass D stop
63 I’m .................. working on that project.
43 I only have one .................. of bread a day. A still B yet C however D but
A share B slice C bit D helping
64 She would never let him .................. for her.
44 Don’t .................. , everything will be fine! A give B offer C have D provide
A ache B depress C worry D bother
65 Summer is my favourite .................. as I can go swimming
45 I could .................. believe what was happening. every day.
A hardly B tightly C heavily D terribly A month B season C period D decade

46 The tourist ................. has increased over the last few years. 66 He placed .................. emphasis on writing.
A activity B trade C company D association A single B only C particular D special

47 Mary .................. to ten and went back to work. 67 She could .................. her time, but not her money.
A assessed B totalled C computed D counted A gain B manage C result D achieve

48 The task was .................. successfully. 68 Her .................. to pass the exam was unsuccessful.
A employed B completed C covered D taken A attempt B effort C labour D duty

49 Frank is .................. in money. 69 He was at the ......... of his career at the time of the accident.
A curling B waving C rolling D twisting A summit B peak C top D tip

50 They always .................. at him suspiciously. 70 There will be an exhibition of 100 .................. racing cars.
A catch B look C glance D eye A old-fashioned B ancient C vintage D archaic

51 My .................. is failing and I can’t see very well. 71 Could you tell her I’ve been trying to .................. her?
A display B outlook C sight D scene A go B reach C appear D arrive

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∞ Multiple Choice Questions

72 There was a .................. of water in the middle of the street. 87 I don’t .................. this exercise.
A moorland B marsh C swamp D puddle A realise B comprehend C perceive D understand

73 Do not cook while .................. said the instructions. 88 It started to .................., so she decided to take the bus
A cooled off B chilled C frozen D dampened rather than walk home.
A drizzle B shower C spray D sprinkle
74 She was .................. by the horrible news.
A shaken B shivered C trembled D shuddered 89 She worked at a restaurant in order to .................. herself at
medical school.
75 They can .................. through any kind of noise.
A support B cover C shelter D protect
A drop off B awake C sleep D drowse
90 The third .................. of the book has not been published
76 He is known for being able to .................. serious problems.
yet.
A hold on B tackle C grip D cling
A report B publicity C issue D edition
77 You’re .................. to a refund or replacement if the product
91 Δhe discussion will take .................. in the conference room.
is damaged.
A place B site C region D state
A encouraged B entitled C empowered D enabled
92 He agreed to do a certain .................. of work for them.
78 The man will go on .................. in three months.
A amount B quantity C mass D supply
A effort B try C trial D attempt
93 She .................. her new leather shoes by walking in the
79 Our national football .................. is very popular.
rain.
A band B gang C team D crew
A damaged B tore C wrecked D injured
80 She has just bought a .................. for her bed.
94 It’s been an adventure for .................. of us.
A rug B carpet C mat D mattress
A as B same C both D alike
81 They’ve been living in a rural .................. for years.
95 They .................. interest in their job very quickly.
A area B plain C valley D meadow
A passed B lacked C lost D longed
82 The ship began to .................. very slowly after it hit the
96 She didn’t want to .................. on anybody.
rocks.
A stand B base C belong D depend
A descend B ascend C sink D subside
97 I can’t .................. to buy this dress!
83 She used both her hands to .................. the screw on the
A spare B grant C afford D let
lamp.
A harden B tighten C toughen D strengthen 98 He .................. out a cheque to a charity for homeless
people.
84 Jill never studies but always manages to .................. good
A ran B made C did D had
exam results.
A create B produce C process D manufacture 99 She was unable to ..................up with the rest of the class.
A keep B grasp C raise D learn
85 The government decided to .................. a warning about
severe weather conditions. 100 This treatment has .................. been used in such cases.
A obtain B gain C keep D issue A apart B ever C well D never

86 He had a strong .................. on his brother.

A influence B manipulation C direction D guidance

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μ Key-Word Transformation Sentences

Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do
not change the word given. You must use between two to five words, including the word given. Study the example.

0 James has always had a vivid imagination because he’s 19 It is a nurse’s responsibility to look after patients.
exactly like his father. responsible A nurse ............................................ patients.
takes James has always had a vivid imagination 20 I’m sorry I didn’t take your advice.
because he takes after his father. wish I .................................................. your advice.
1 We don’t often go out on Mondays. 21 They aren’t opening the book exhibition until next Saturday.
unusual It .................................... go out on Mondays. being The book exhibition.........................................
2 You can borrow my bicycle but you must bring it back ........................................ until next Saturday.
before 5 pm. 22 “Whose are these cds?” John asked his friends.
long You can borrow my bicycle ........................... to “Who .......................................................... ?”
...................................... it back before 5 pm. John asked his friends.
3 Mary thought it might rain so she took an umbrella. 23 It was difficult to persuade the children to go to bed early.
case Mary took an umbrella ....................... rained. difficulty I .......................................................................
4 The house was practically empty. the children to go to bed early.
hardly There ............................................ the house. 24 This experiment will need a lot of attention.
5 I can’t believe this is the best option we have!. have This experiment ..............................................
better There must ...................................... this one! ............................................ a lot of attention.
6 The notice says you have to provide four copies. 25 Pat doesn’t paint as well as Sue does.
must The notice says .......................... four copies. painter Sue .......................................................... Pat.
7 I’m sorry but I cannot lend you my car. 26 You might get thirsty so take some water.
you I’m sorry but ...................................... my car. case Take some water ................................ thirsty.
8 It’s a waste of time for you to speak to Carol. 27 Fred has difficulty talking about his personal problems.
point There’s ............................................. to Carol. easy It ......................................................................
9 Francis is usually polite so I’m suprised that she was rude. to talk about his personal problems.
like I’m surprised that Francis wasn’t polite because 28 My brother last contacted us two weeks ago.
it’s .......................................................... rude. heard We ........................................ two weeks ago.
10 The local council discussed the problem. 29 Lucy did not know any of the people at the seminar.
discussion The local council ...................... the problem. nobody There ..................................... at the seminar.
11 I was sixteen when I learnt to drive. 30 He couldn’t use his car because it had a flat tyre.
age I learnt to drive .................................. sixteen. one He couldn’t use his car because ...................
12 You should learn how to use a computer. .................................................................. flat.
time It’s ........................... how to use a computer. 31 These two mobile phones look the same to me.
13 I haven’t seen Thomas since he left for Paris. tell I cannot ...........................................................
last The .................................................................. ............... between these two mobile phones.
........................... was before he left for Paris. 32 Rebecca often blushes for no reason at all.
14 The price of the car includes the cost of maintenance for a tendency Rebecca .........................................................
year. ........................................ for no reason at all.
is The cost of maintenance ............................... 33 Uncle Tom described his sea rescue to us in detail.
....................................... the price of the car. description Uncle Tom gave .............................................
15 You ought to see a doctor immediately. ............................................... his sea rescue.
better You ............................. a doctor immediately. 34 The boys are bound to be tired after a hour’s climb.
16 It was snowing heavily so they cancelled the last flight. doubt There is ...........................................................
owing The last flight .................................................. ........................ be tired after an hour’s climb.
............................................. the heavy snow. 35 They had to paint the whole house before they could leave.
17 The headteacher said we could use the main hall for our until They had to stay .............................................
end-of-term party. ............................................ the whole house.
permission The headteacher ............................................. 36 So that Stewart could travel abroad in the summer he saved
use the main hall for our end-of-term party. í50 a month.
18 Marion couldn’t drink the cocoa because it was too hot. order Stewart saved í50 a month ...........................
too The cocoa ....................................................... .........................................................................
.............................................. Marion to drink. able to travel abroad in the summer.

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μ Key-Word Transformation Sentences

37 We had not expected the museum to be so good. 54 The preparations will take about forty minutes, whichever
better The museum .................................................. recipe you follow.
................................................. had expected. matter It ................................................... you follow,
38 If Eve doesn’t study harder, she’ll never pass her GCSE the preparations will take about forty minutes.
exams. 55 The last time she went to Spain was in November 1998.
does Eve will never pass her GCSE exams ........... been She .................................................................
............................................... more studying. ......................... Spain since November 1998.
39 “Do you realise what day it is, Mark?” asked Jane. 56 My sailing boat is as big as John’s
what Jane asked Mark ................................... was. same John’s sailing boat .........................................
40 The doctor failed to persuade her to take the medication. ............................................................... mine.
succeed The doctor ...................................................... 57 Nobody on the committee voted against the project except
............................ her to take the medication. for Mr Olson.
41 He started the computer course a month ago. exception With ............................................................... ,
month It ...................................................................... everyone on the commitee voted for the project.
he started the computer course. 58 You might be cold so take your coat
42 He won a literary award after he had published his first case Take your coat ...................................... cold.
novel. 59 People estimate that his fortune is worth over two million
following He won a literary award ................................. pounds.
................................................. his first novel. estimated His fortune .......................................................
43 George wants to study engineering instead of working in his ................................ over two million pounds.
father’s firm. 60 Promise you’ll return the books at the end of the week and
rather George ............................................................ I’ll lend them to you.
......................... than work in his father’s firm. long I’ll lend you the books ....................................
44 We have always admired our music teacher. ............................................. to return them at
looked We have always ............................................. the end of the week.
......................................... our music teacher. 61 I don’t see the point in staying any longer.
45 You must carry out the captain’s instructions exactly. worth In my opinion, ................................................
do You must ......................................... tells you. ...................................................... any longer.
46 A strong earthquake led to the village being evacuated. 62 People say bungee jumping is a very dangerous sport.
result The village had to ........................................... supposed Bungee jumping .............................................
.................................. of a strong earthquake. ................................. a very dangerous sport.
47 The only person they didn’t invite to the wedding was Ian. 63 The local football team didn’t succeed in defeating their
apart They invited .................................................... opponents.
........................................ Ian to the wedding. to The local football team didn’t ........................
48 Kate would rather not come to the cinema with us. ............................................. their opponents.
feel Kate ................................................................. 64 We forgot everything our teacher had pointed out to us.
.................................... to the cinema with us. anything We ...................................................................
49 “If you wanted to borrow my laptop, you should have asked our teacher had pointed out to us.
me first”, said Nathan to his assistant. 65 There probably won’t be any tickets left for tonight’s
without Nathan criticised his assistant for having ...... performance.
.......................................................... him first. unlikely It ......................................................................
50 William is not usually punctual. be any tickets left for tonight’s performance.
like It is .................................................. punctual. 66 It’s Michelle’s duty to arrange accommodation for out-of-
51 I would prefer it if nobody else discovered the truth. town visitors.
want I don’t .............................................................. responsible Michelle ..........................................................
......................................................... the truth. ........................................ accommodation for
52 The CD-ROM may be expensive so take plenty of money. out-of-town visitors.
case Take plenty of money .................................... 67 All students wrote down the author’s e-mail address.
....................................................... expensive. note All students .....................................................
53 We couldn’t understand the interpreter because he spoke ...................... of the author’s e-mail address.
so fast. 68 There are not many spectators watching the game.
too The interpreter spoke ..................................... only There are ........................................................
.................................................... understand. ..................... spectators watching the game.

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μ Key-Word Transformation Sentences

69 It’s not worth paying so much for a one-way plane ticket. 85 Chef Pierre hasn’t finished preparing today’s specials yet.
point There .............................................................. still Chef Pierre.......................................................
paying so much for a one-way plane ticket. ............................................. today’s specials.
70 At the end of his presentation, the photographer thanked 86 Has the Board of Directors decided on a location for the
his publisher. new head office?
finished The photographer .......................................... decision Has the Board of Directors ............................
.................................................. his publisher. ............... a location for the new head office?
71 We rejected Sue’s offer of a lift home. 87 We didn’t enjoy the film because it was very boring.
turned We ................................................................... too The film ............................................ to enjoy.
............................... Sue’s offer of a lift home. 88 It’s a pity I didn’t contact her when she was in town.
72 Going to the local fair does not interest me. only If ......................................................................
interested I am not ........................................................... when she was in town.
............................................... to the local fair. 89 Call the airport in case the flight is delayed.
73 I’m sure he didn’t steal the money; he’s a very honest man. might The flight .........................................................
have He .................................................................... call the airport.
the money; he’s a very honest man. 90 “Who is the owner of this car?” Mr Bell asked.
74 She quit her job and is now looking for a new one. to “Who ...........................................................?”
search She quit her job and ...................................... Mr Bell asked.
...................................................... a new one. 91 Whatever he tells you, you shouldn’t believe him.
75 Mrs Calgary cooks very well. matter No ...................................................................
good Mr Calgary ........................................ cooking. you shouldn’t believe him.
76 “Should we bring our own skiing equipment?” asked the 92 I think you should see the dentist immediately.
children. had You .................................................................
supposed The children asked ......................................... the dentist immediately.
................. bring their own skiing equipment. 93 He’s the most interesting science-fiction writer I’ve ever read.
77 Having spent the whole day painting my house I was exhausted. as No other science-fiction writer .......................
because I was exhausted ............................................. ............................................................... he is.
............................... my house the whole day. 94 Did Jacky send the invitations?
78 Not much information was given to us by the tourist agent. wonder I .......................................................................
little We.................................................................... the invitations.
.................... information by the tourist agent. 95 How long ago did you attend a lecture?
79 We didn’t start preparing for the surprise party until Flora time When was .......................................................
had left. a lecture?
soon As .................................................................... 96 I hope you don’t mind if I use the fax machine.
we started preparing for the surprise party. object Do you ............................................................
80 Joanna has never been to New York before. the fax machine?
first It’s the ............................................................. 97 Visitors to the zoo are not allowed to feed the animals.
been to New York. forbidden It is ..................................................................
81 Carol Knight designed her theatre costumes. ................................... the animals in the zoo.
had She................................................................... 98 She couldn’t decide what to wear to the party.
by Carol Knight. mind She couldn’t ....................................................
82 Teenagers hate it when people tell them what to wear. .............................. what to wear to the party.
being Teenagers.......................................... to wear. 99 If I were you, I’d complain to the manager.
83 A German architect is designing the new cinema complex. shoes If .................................................................... ,
being The new cinema complex .............................. I’d complain to the manager.
.................................. by a German architect. 100 I wish I hadn’t taken my mother’s earrings without asking
84 The ice on the river was too thin for them to skate on. her.
enough The ice on the river ........................................ regret I .......................................................................
...................................... for them to skate on. earrings without asking her.

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C Error Correction Texts

Read the texts. Some lines are correct and some have a word which should not be there. If a line is correct, put
a tick (✓) next to it. If a line has a word which should not be there, cross the word out (✗). There are two examples
at the beginning (0 and 00).

1. The Man with a Thousand Faces 3. The Downfall of the Minoan Civilization

(0) Jim Carrey was born in Newmarket, Ontario, Canada, ✓ (0) The Minoans were being an ancient community of people
(00) on January 17th 1962. He had came from a working class (00) who lived on the island of Crete during the Bronze Age. ✓
(1) family which had a very little money, so he had a hard life (1) This civilization was named after King Minos, the legendary
(2) and grew up poor. When he was himself in his teens, his (2) ruler of Crete who was lived at Knossos, the city which
(3) father lost his job, so Jim had to take in a job as a caretaker. (3) has long been thought to have been the centre of a Minoan
(4) He tried to manage his job and his schoolwork, but it was (4) Civilization. What made the Minoans so as special was that
(5) bit too difficult and eventually he dropped out of school. (5) they were very advanced for their time. Their art and
(6) He developed a sense of humour despite in order to cope (6) architecture were too highly developed as well. Minoans
(7) with the difficult times he was going through. He started to (7) had also set up trade links in between their community
(8) performing in a comedy club when he was only fifteen and (8) and other Mediterranean communities and their civilization
(9) at the age of nineteen he moved out to LA. He began to get (9) was at its peak when it suddenly had disappeared some
(10) small parts in films in 1983 and his big break came in 1990, (10) time in the 15th century BC. What could have caused
(11) when he starred in a sketch comedy show which called (11) this disappearance still remains a mystery. It has been
(12) ‘In Living Colour’. In 1994, he began to star in feature films (12) suggested that a very massive tidal wave, created by
(13) which made him really famous. People loved his more (13) volcanic eruptions on the island of Santorini, was the most
(14) crazy humour as well as his funny faces. However, in films (14) actual cause. According to this theory, the soil was so
(15) like ‘Liar, Liar’ and ‘The Truman Show’ he has also been (15) ruined by the salt from the amount of some sea water that
proved to be a serious actor with great talent. Jim Carrey washed out the land. Crops could not be planted and fish
has definitely come a long way from his unhappy childhood. levels in the sea were greatly reduced. The Minoan society
weakened so much that its downfall was only a matter of time.

2. To Bee or Not to Bee 4. Million Dollar Idea

(0) You’ll be surprised to learn that the amount of the honey (0) I think I told to you that I got an ant farm for my
(00) you get from your beehives depends mainly on four very ✓ (00) birthday. I am happy to report, the ants are doing well! ✓
(1) simple things. Firstly, it is very much important that you (1) After Dad gave me the ant farm, I got myself curious as
(2) have a young queen bee in the hive. The queen bee she (2) to who had come up with the so unusual idea of
(3) must be being replaced at least every two years. Secondly, (3) putting her ants in a narrow glass case so they could
(4) you never let to the bees run short of food. If you (4) watch them. Well, as you know of, my Dad knows a
(5) will allow this to happen, or if they run out of food, (5) little about everything so I asked him about it. It
(6) your honey production will suffer itself a serious set back. (6) turns out that the idea of the ant farm was being
(7) In addition, the bees need to be given enough room (7) thought up by a man named Milton Levine in
(8) at the right time to store on their honey crop. Finally, (8) 1956. While he was at a family picnic himself he noticed
(9) knowing how and when to spot disease in your (9) that the children spent quite more time watching anthills
(10) bees or your hives is essential. Because of disease in bees (10) than playing games. That made him think back to when
(11) occurs so rarely, you may get little lazy or careless in (11) he was a boy and how he and his friends used to
(12) checking your bees regularly for tell-tale signs or (12) put some earth and some ants in a glass jar to watch them
(13) problems. The main thing to remember is that bee-keeping (13) make tunnels. My Dad who said that Mr Levine’s strange
(14) is not difficult if you follow these four rules. Never forget, (14) idea led to his selling some more than 360 million ants,
(15) “Bees make honey in spite that of beekeepers.” (15) over 20 million ant farms. This idea made the Mr Levine a
very rich man.

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D Composition Discussion
Read the rubrics below and answer the questions that follow.

Write your letter of application to Mrs Sarah Flavell.

A A local publishing company is publishing a book called
“The Best place on Earth”. The book will include
1 What kind of letter is this?
articles about exotic cities, exciting holiday places and
2 What is your reason for writing?
interesting capital cities. You have been asked to write
a short article for this book about a place or city that 3 Who is going to read your letter?
you know. Write your article. 4 What paragraph plan would you follow?
5 What style of language would you use? Why?
1 What kind of composition is this?
6 Choose from A-C the most suitable salutations for your letter.
2 What is your reason for writing?
3 Who is going to read your article? A Dear Sir / Madam, B Dear Mrs Flavell,
........ .......
4 Which of the following tenses would you use? Tick (✓)
Yours faithfully, Yours sincerely,
A simple present
Jan Wright Jan Wright
B present continuous
C simple future
D past perfect C Dear Sarah
E past perfect continuous .......
F future perfect Best wishes,
G present perfect Jan
5 What paragraph plan should you follow?
7 Match the beginnings with the endings and decide which
6 What place/city should you not choose to write about?
one would be the most suitable for your letter.
A the place/city you live in
B a place/city you have read about
1 I am writing in response to the advertisement in
C a city/place you have visited
yesterday’s edition of “Local News”. I would like to
7 Which senses would you use when describing particular apply for the position of assistant chef.
details of the place or city?
local paper and
8 Which of the following expressions could you include in
2 I have just seen the advert in the
your article? further information
would be interested in receiving
A blanketed in smog about it.
B exciting night-life
C polluted seas
D heavy traffic
E hospitable locals A I am looking forward to hearing more about the job and
F efficient local transport. would like to thank you in advance for sending me the
9 What other descriptive techniques could be used? details.

10 Would you include narrative techniques? Why (not)?

B I am enclosing a current curr
iculum vitae and two
references. I look forward to hea
B You have seen the following advertisement in a local ring from you soon.
newspaper.
8 Which of the following would you include in your letter?
Do you enjoy cooking?
A I have recently returned from a holiday in Paris.
Do you speak French? B While working at “Chez Nous” I gained valuable
experience in catering for large groups.
C I have passed exams in written and spoken French.
We are looking for someone to help our chef during
D I have lots of hobbies and interests.
the summer months. Experience is not necessary but
E I graduated from Hopetown College of Technology
you must be able to communicate in French.
with a degree in catering.
Contact Mrs Sarah Flavell. F I have worked at “Chez Nous”, my cousin’s party food
catering company, for a year.

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D Composition Discussion

C You have decided to enter a short story competition. 5 What style would you use? Why?
The competition rules say that the story must begin 6 Which of the following points would you not include in
with the following words: “Don’t be frightened, your letter?
everything’s going to be all right”, Tom told his brother, A the salary you receive is a bit low
Dave. Write your story for the competition. B your working conditions are excellent
C your colleagues are friendly
1 What kind of composition is this? D the children are naughty
2 What is your reason for writing? E the building you work in is very old
3 Who is going to read your story? F you go out to eat every evening
4 What should you decide on before starting to write your story? G you have made many new friends
H you share a flat with another girl
5 What paragraph plan would you use?
6 Which tenses would you use throughout your story? ñ From the points you have chosen to include, decide
7 Would you write your story in first or third person? which ones are positive and which ones are negative.
8 Would you use detailed and chatty descriptions? 7 Which salutations would you use to begin and end your
9 Which of the following would your story not be about? letter?
A a birthday party
1 Dear Peter, A Yours sincerely,
B a journey that went wrong
Amy Pierce
C a day at school
D a boat trip along a river
2 Dear Sir, B Best wishes,
E an adventure in an old house
Amy
10 Tick the points which could be included in the introduction
A a description of the weather
3 Dear Mr Grant, C Yours faithfully,
B the names of the people involved
Amy Pierce
C what happened first of all
D how the characters felt 8 Match the opening remarks (1-2) with the appropriate
E the time / day of the action closing remarks (A-B). Which pair would be the most
F what the characters finally did suitable one for your letter?
G what was happening before the main event
11 Which of the following time words could you use to link the 1 Sorry, I haven’t written before but I’ve been really
events? busy with my new job. So far everything is great and
I really love teaching.
during, no sooner... than, first, as soon as, while, also,
although, after that, anyway, by the time, but, finally
ation to visit you.
2 Thanks very much for the invit
12 Which of the following could you include in the final come as I am really
Unfortunately I won’t be able to
paragraph? Tick (✓)
busy studying for my exams.
A how the characters felt afterwards
B what the characters did first of all
C the consequences of what happened A Anyway, that’s all I have time for now. My first test is
D how the characters reacted tomorrow, so wish me luck! Write soon.
E what happened the next day
B I really hope you manage to
visit me soon and who
knows? Perhaps you’ll decide
to stay! Please write
D You are working abroad in an English-speaking and tell me your news.
country, for example as a language teacher or as a
coach. Write a letter to your pen friend, describing the
job and saying what you like most and what you like
E You have seen this advertisement in an international
magazine.
least about the job. COMPETITION:
The most interesting person I know
1 What kind of letter is this?
2 What is your reason for writing? Win a week-end trip to Paris, for you and a friend.

3 Who is going to read your letter? Just write an article telling our readers about the most
interesting person you know, saying what it is about
4 What paragraph plan would you use?
this person (eg. appearance, personality, activities /
hobbies, etc) that make him / her so interesting.
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D Composition Discussion

Write your article for the competition.

F You have had a class discussion on eating habits. Now
your teacher has asked you to write a composition on
1 What kind of composition is this?
this subject:
2 What is your reason for writing?
3 Who is going to read your article? The advantages and disadvantages of being a
4 What paragraph plan should you follow? vegetarian.
5 What tenses would you use? Why?
Write your composition.
6 Would you mention both good and bad qualities? Why
(not)? 1 What kind of composition is this?
7 Would you justify these qualities? Why (not)? 2 Who is going to read your composition?
8 What sort of language should be used when describing 3 Would you use formal style? Why / Why not?
bad qualities?
4 What paragraph plan would you follow?
9 Read the sentences in column A (1-5) and match them to
5 Which of the following should you not use in your
the sentences in column B (A-E) which justify them.
composition? Tick (✓)
A B A well-developed paragraphs
B strong personal expressions
1 He is often bossy A which means you can C short forms
tell him your secrets D linking words
2 He is very trustworthy B and often forgets people’s E examples to support your arguments
names F colloquial English
3 He is always C and loves telling people G quotations
rushing around what to do 6 Read the statements below and label them as A (for
4 He is usually funny D and is always telling jokes advantages) and D (for disadvantages)
5 He is sometimes E trying to help people 1 It is often difficult to find a good vegetarian restaurant.
absent-minded in need 2 Most vegetarian dishes are low in fat.
3 Soya, cereals, and vegetables are not only delicious
10 Complete the following sentences by using the words given. but also great sources of vitamin and protein.
4 Vegetarian food can sometimes be boring and
freckled, beaming, muscular, plump, shabby tasteless.
5 Vegeterianism may lead to deficiency in iron or
1 He has the widest ..... smile I’ve ever seen. proteins.
2 Even though Phillipa is slightly ......., her movements
are graceful.
G You feel you need more help with your computer skills.
3 Jane’s ..... nose really does make her look pretty
One day you see the following advertisement on the
4 Although she is short she has an amazingly ....... body.
noticeboard of your school:
5 Paul’s clothes always look ........ because he doesn’t
look after them properly.
puter
Make better use of your com
11 What kinds of activities, hobbies/interests could you and imp rov e your skills!
describe?
erienced computer
12 Which of the following phrases in the list below would you Take private lessons with an exp
use in your composition? instructor.
be interested in; be good/excellent at; be keen on; be a All levels and programmes
great fan of; love doing something; Reasonable prices
g details of:
Please write to James Marks, givin
Can you add any ideas of your own?
ñ yourself
ñ your computer studies so far
particular
ñ what you want to learn/which
you are interest ed in
programmes
ñ why you nee d com puter skills

207
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D Composition Discussion

Read the advertisement and the notes which you have H You work for an international travel agency. Your
made for yourself below. Then write a letter to Mr manager has asked you to write a report on a new
Marks, giving details as requested and asking for the campsite which has just opened in your area to see if it
information covered in your notes. is suitable for tourists with children. Write your report
describing the campsite’s sports facilities and pool, the
Computer lessons bathroom facilities, the canteen/restaurant and the
where? recreation room, commenting on its particular good
when? and bad points.
Individual or group?
fees? 1 What kind of report is this?
2 What is the aim of this report?
3 Who is going to read it?
1 What kind of letter should you write?
4 Should you use formal or informal style?
2 What is your reason for writing?
5 Which of the following must you include in your report?
3 Who is going to read your letter?
Tick (✓)
4 Is it necessary to cover all the points mentioned in the A hot water and number of showers
rubric? B items on sale in the supermarket
5 What points should you consider when writing a C billiards table, table tennis, TV sets, etc
transactional letter? D sports equipment for rent
6 What style of language should be used? Why? E how close it is to the main train station
7 What paragraph plan would you follow? F size of the pool and if there is a lifeguard
G restaurant’s opening hours
8 Match the opening and closing remarks below and then
say which pair you would use in your letter and why. 6 What paragraph plan would you follow?
7 Which of the following sub-headings could you use?
1 I wonder if you could help me out Tick (✓)
A Sports Facilities and Pool
B Cooking Lessons
could provide
2 I would greatly appreciate it if you C Recreation Room
me with some information D Availability and Booking
E Restaurant
F Bathroom Facilities
G Recommendation
A Thank you in advance for your kind cooperation
8 In which paragraph should you include your recommendation?
9 Should you present both positive and negative aspects?
B Hope you can help! Why?
10 Would you use present or past tenses?

9 How many main body paragraphs would you write? 11 Which of the linking words and phrases in the list below
could you use to:
10 Would you include all the information about yourself in one
ñ express reality?
paragraph and ask all the questions in the following one?
ñ make contrasting points?
Why / Why not?
ñ express the difference between appearance and
11 Which of the following would you use when asking indirect reality?
questions?
A Could you please tell me ... as a matter of fact, nevertheless, apparently, actually, yet, at
B Do you think you could inform me ... first sight, in spite of, in practice, however, on the face of it
C I also need ...
D Why not let me know about ...
E Would it be possible for you to send me ...
F How about telling me ...

208
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E Speaking Tests
Speaking Test 1
Giving Personal Information
PART 1 ñ Describe the place where you live.
ñ Would you like to live somewhere else? Why?
ñ What types of entertainment are there in your neighbourhood?

Talking about the pictures.

PART 2

A B

Look at pictures A and B. ñ Compare and contrast the two activities in the pictures and say
what the main difference is between the two sports.
ñ Which sport would you prefer to do? Why?
ñ What qualities are needed to play individual and team sports?
ñ Why do people choose to do dangerous sports?

C D

Look at pictures C and D. ñ Compare and contrast the situations shown in the pictures.
ñ In which situation do students learn better? Why?
ñ Is it possible to get a good education by learning at home?
ñ What qualities does a teacher need in order to be successful?

209
MISSION 1 ss_Speaking Tests_MISSION 1 ss_Speaking Tests 05/09/2012 8:43 ΜΜ Page 210

E Speaking Tests

Look at the main picture below. Imagine you are going there
PART 3 on holiday. Discuss with your partner which three items you
would need to take with you so that your holiday is enjoyable
and problem free.

Discussing in pairs topics related to the theme of Part 3

PART 4 ñ What would be your ideal holiday destination?
ñ What sorts of things would you do there?
ñ Why do we need holidays?
ñ What are some of the advantages of travelling alone?
ñ By going on holiday to another country, does a tourist really get to learn about
that country?
210
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E Speaking Tests

Speaking Test 2
Giving Personal Information
PART 1 ñ Do you prefer watching TV or going to the cinema? Why?
ñ What types of films do you enjoy watching?
ñ What else do you do in your free time?

Talking about the pictures.

PART 2

A B

Look at pictures A and B. ñ Compare and contrast the situations shown in the pictures.
ñ Which place would you prefer to eat in? Why?
ñ In what way has fast food became a part of our daily lives?
ñ How is eating out with friends different to eating at home with one’s family?

C D

Look at pictures C and D. ñ Compare and contrast the situations shown in the pictures.
ñ How easy is it to learn from a computer?
ñ What subjects would a computer not be able to teach in a
successful way?
ñ In which way(s) have computers made our lives easier?

211
MISSION 1 ss_Speaking Tests_MISSION 1 ss_Speaking Tests 05/09/2012 8:43 ΜΜ Page 212

E Speaking Tests

Look at the main picture below. Discuss with your partner

PART 3 which of the issues present the most serious environmental
problem and what steps should be taken to resolve it.

Discussing in pairs topics related to the theme of Part 3

PART 4 ñ Who or what is responsible for environmental problems?
ñ What are the benefits of recycling?
ñ How is global-warming changing our planet?
ñ How do you think the world will have changed in fifty years?
ñ If you had the chance to live on the moon, would you?
212
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E Speaking Tests

Speaking Test 3
Giving Personal Information
PART 1 ñ How long have you been studying English?
ñ Why are you studying English?
ñ What job would you like to do in the future?

Talking about the pictures.

PART 2

A B

Look at pictures A and B. ñ Compare and contrast the situations shown in the pictures.
ñ What factors make a person happy with their job?
ñ What is a perfect ‘work environment’?
ñ Would you sacrifice your family for your job? Why? Why not?

C D

Look at pictures C and D. ñ Compare and contrast the two forms of sport.
ñ What do you gain by doing a sport?
ñ Why do you think some fans of certain sports, such as football,
behave violently?
ñ In what ways can people be persuaded to take more exercise?

213
MISSION 1 ss_Speaking Tests_MISSION 1 ss_Speaking Tests 05/09/2012 8:43 ΜΜ Page 214

E Speaking Tests

You have been asked to write a book on the three most

PART 3 revolutionary inventions in the 20th century. Discuss with your
partner which three you would include, in order of their importance.

Discussing in pairs topics related to the theme of Part 3

PART 4 ñ How is reading a story from a book different to reading it on a CD-rom?
ñ In what way has the Internet changed our lives?
ñ Has technology reached its limit or do we still have a long way to go?
ñ What would be the advantages and disadvantages of living to be 150 years old?
214
MISSION 1 ss_Speaking Tests_MISSION 1 ss_Speaking Tests 05/09/2012 8:43 ΜΜ Page 215

E Speaking Tests

Speaking Test 4
Giving Personal Information
PART 1 ñ Where will you be going on holiday this year?
ñ What is your favourite subject at school?
ñ Describe the house you live in.

Talking about the pictures.

PART 2

A B

Look at pictures A and B. ñ Compare and contrast the two pictures.

ñ Which is the most enjoyable way of travelling to school?
ñ What in your opinion, are the must dangerous ways for a child to
travel to school?
ñ What in your opinion, is the best way to travel somewhere?

C D

Look at pictures C and D. ñ Compare and contrast the two different sports shown in the pictures.
ñ In your opinion, which sport offers the best form of exercise?
ñ In your opinion, which is more important, taking part or winning?
ñ Do footballers deserve to be paid such high salaries?

215
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E Speaking Tests

You have been asked to design a new school curriculum. Discuss

PART 3 with your partner which three activities shown you would include
and why? Also decide which two you would not include and the
reasons why.

Discussing in pairs topics related to the theme of Part 3

PART 4 ñ Are the games that children play nowadays educational or not?
ñ How important is it for children to learn ‘dead’ subjects at school?
ñ Are people becoming over-qualified for the types of jobs available these days?
ñ In the future, do you think computers will completely replace humans in the workplace?
216
Published by Express Publishing

Liberty House, Greenham Business Park, Newbury,

Berkshire RG19 6HW, United Kingdom
Tel.: (0044) 1635 817 363
Fax: (0044) 1635 817 463
email: [email protected]
www.expresspublishing.co.uk

© Virginia Evans - Jenny Dooley, 1996

Design and Illustration © Express Publishing, 1996

First published 1996

New edition 2000
Seventh impression 2014

Made in EU

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be

reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any
form, or by any means, electronic, photocopying or otherwise,
without the prior written permission of the publishers.

This book is not meant to be changed in any way.

ISBN 978-1-84216-803-5

Acknowledgements
Authors’ Acknowledgements

We would like to thank all the staff at Express Publishing who have Best for the aricle ‘Dental Hygiene’ page 193; Ben Aldiss for the article ‘Help
contributed their skills to producing this book. Thanks are due in for our Feathered Friends’, (published in The European Magazine) page 193;
particular to: Mary Palmer (Editor in Chief), Laura Newton (senior Mick Hamer for the article ‘Transport’, © NEW SCIENTIST page 195; Focus
for the article ‘Searching for Shipwrecks’ page 196; James Ferguson for the
editor), Ann Doyle and Sheila Howard (editorial assistants), Philippa
article ‘Pollution’ (published in The European Magazine); Woman’s Own for
Porter (senior Production Controller), the Express design team, Tony the article ‘Sightseeing-Kenya’ page 196; Sandra Smith for the article ‘Killer
Boyle (recording producer) and Bob Andrews, Julie Brown, Mary Nets’ (published in The European Magazine) page 196.
Lewis, Ann Norton and Steve Mason for their support and patience. We
would also like to thank those institutions and teachers who piloted the Photograph Acknowledgements
manuscript, and whose comments and feedback influenced positively Ideal Photo for photographs on pages: 28, 30, 36, 37, 38, 40 (mature
the production of the book. couple), 41 (smoking), 44 (hotel reception), 64, 66, 68, 77, 78, 79, 83, 84
(nuclear power station), 85 (pollution), 86, 87, 92, 93 (cracked earth), 96
The authors and publishers wish to thank the following who have (semi-detached house and tennis), 103, 104, 105 (children watching TV),
kindly given permission for the use of copyright material. 106, 107, 109, 111, 112, 113, 121, 131, 135 (businessman), 137 (couple in
pool), 138 (child swimming), 139, 140, 141, 142 (office discussion), 143,
The European for The Tour de France on p. 7, Eat Greek and Live Longer on 147, 158 (burglary), 161, 164, 169 and balloon and photograph of
p. 38, Europe’s Trees in Danger on p. 83; Roy Wickman for Fight to Free Sad Cambridge used for the front cover of the book.
Whales on p. 114; Simon Grosset for The Sail Training Association on p. 153;
The Observer for Channel Tunnel by Alexander Frater on p. 10; The World’s Audio Visual for photographs on pages 20 (Batman Forever © WARNER
Largest Refrigerator from Newsweek July © 1993 Newsweek Inc. All rights BROS. All rights reserved), 168 (Police Academy III © WARNER BROS.
reserved. Reprinted by permission on p. 14; Chris Deeble for Tourism Leads All rights reserved, Quo Vadis MGM/VA INC. All rights reserved.)
The Way on p. 57; The Guardian Weekly for Raining Chestnuts by Peter
The Dorchester Hotel, for the photograph on page 43.
Graham on p. 60, Weather from the West by Colin Luckhurst on p. 64, Cash
for a Load of Old Rubbish on p. 121; and The Village Lamp by Ralph Whitlock The Economist for the cover picture on p. 149
on p. 160; Focus magazine for Voyager to the bottom of the sea, on p. 90;
Invent your Way to Riches on p. 107, for the text on p. 23; Romanies on p. 133, Colour Illustrations: Philip
So You Want to be a Millionaire on p. 140; National Geographic for Recycling
by Noel Grove on p. 110; Woman’s Own for I Secretly Learned to Swim by Every effort has been made to trace all the copyright holders but if
Jess McAree on p. 136, Longman Group for an extract from R L Stevenson any have been inadvertently overlooked, the publishers will be
Jekyll and Hyde simplified version on p. 156. Doug Sager for the article pleased to make the necessary arrangements at the first
‘Cross-country Skiing’, (published in The European Magazine) page 193; opportunity.
 Mission 1
a motivating two-level coursebook with a challenging
approach for students preparing for the Cambridge First
Certificate in English examination or any similar
examination - the perfect combination of language
development and extensive exam training
Mission 1 consists of 7 units which contain
authentic or semi-authentic reading texts combining
stimulating content and cross-cultural topics.

Features
❑ 28 authentic or semi-authentic reading texts
❑ contextualised lexical exercises practising and
activating vocabulary
❑ Grammar Checks that cover the most important
language areas
❑ Grammar Reference Section
❑ detailed composition analysis and models of
all types of compositions
❑ Exam Focus sections on: Use of English,
Listening, Speaking and Writing
❑ Use of English Section
❑ Revision Section
ISBN 978-1-84216-803-5
Components of the course are:
Mission 1 Coursebook
Mission 1 Teacher’s Book
Mission 1 Class audio CDs
Mission 1 Student’s audio CDs
FCE Practice Tests 1
FCE Practice Tests 1 Teacher’s Book
FCE Practice Tests 1 Class audio CDs