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3.31 Inverse of Quadratic Functions

The document discusses finding the inverse of quadratic functions. It provides examples of: 1) Graphing the inverse of a quadratic function by reflecting the graph of the original function across the line y=x. 2) Finding the inverse equation of two quadratic functions by swapping x and y and solving for y. This results in two equations for one function, showing the inverse is a relation not a function. 3) Finding the inverse of a quadratic function written in standard form by first rewriting it in vertex form to allow swapping x and y. 4) Finding the inverse of a function that models the height of a ball over time by rewriting it in vertex form before swapping x and y to get

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552 views3 pages

3.31 Inverse of Quadratic Functions

The document discusses finding the inverse of quadratic functions. It provides examples of: 1) Graphing the inverse of a quadratic function by reflecting the graph of the original function across the line y=x. 2) Finding the inverse equation of two quadratic functions by swapping x and y and solving for y. This results in two equations for one function, showing the inverse is a relation not a function. 3) Finding the inverse of a quadratic function written in standard form by first rewriting it in vertex form to allow swapping x and y. 4) Finding the inverse of a function that models the height of a ball over time by rewriting it in vertex form before swapping x and y to get

Uploaded by

vexiox222
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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3.

3 The Inverse of a Quadratic Function


Minds on…
• Recall from Chapter 1 that the inverse of a function can be created in one of
three ways:
1. Interchange the domain 2. Interchange the x and 3. Reflect the graph of the
and range of the function. y values in the equation function in the line y = x
and then solve for y . This can be represented
with following mapping
 ( x, y ) → ( y , x )  .

−1 −1
• The inverse of a function is denoted by f ( x ) or sometimes f

−1 1
• The − 1 is NOT an exponent. It is notation only, therefore, f  .
f

Action…
1. Given the graph of f(x) in blue, graph the inverse relation.

The inverse occurs as a


reflection in the line y=x.
However, a good strategy is to
select some key points from the
given graph. The key points
here are: (-3, 6), (-2, 1), (0, -3),
(2, 1) and (3, 6).
The given function is in blue.
The key points are in orange.
The line y=x is in black.
The inverse of the function
is in green. The green graph
is not a function. It is a
relation. It fails the
vertical line test. The
inverses of the key points
are in red. The points are
(6, -3), (1, -2), (0, -3),
(1, 2) and (6, 3).

2. Find the inverse of each function and determine if the inverse is a function.
a) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 5 b) 𝑔(𝑥) = 2(𝑥 − 3)2

Begin by rewriting the f(x) as y. Do not keep Begin by rewriting the f(x) as y. Do not keep
the function notation. Swap the x and y and the function notation. Swap the x and y and
then isolate for y. then isolate for y.

𝑦 = 𝑥2 + 5 𝑦 = 2(𝑥 − 3)2
𝑥 = 𝑦2 + 5 𝑥 = 2(𝑦 − 3)2
𝑥
𝑥 − 5 = 𝑦2 = (𝑦 − 3)2
2
±√𝑥 − 5 = 𝑦 𝑥
±√2 = 𝑦 − 3
Taking the square root of both sides results 𝑥
in the ± of the expression. This means that 3 ± √2 = 𝑦
there two equations here as the inverse.
There are two square root equations. One is Here the inverse equations are:
𝑦 = √𝑥 − 5 and the other is 𝑦 = −√𝑥 − 5 . 𝑥 𝑥
𝑦 = 3 + √2 and 𝑦 = 3 − √2
When graphed on the same set of axes, the
result isn’t a function. The inverse is just a When the inverse equations are graphed,
relation. Therefore, function notation for they fail the vertical line test. The inverse is
the inverse can’t be used. a relation.
3. Given 𝑓(𝑥) = 5𝑥 2 + 40𝑥 + 76, determine the equation of the inverse.

Since the equation is in standard form, just interchanging the x and y’s is not possible. The
equation must be rewritten in vertex form before the interchange occurs.
Now the interchange of x and y’s can occur.
2
𝑓(𝑥) = 5𝑥 + 40𝑥 + 76 𝑦 = 5(𝑥 + 4)2 − 4
𝑓(𝑥) = (5𝑥 2 + 40𝑥) + 76 𝑥 = 5(𝑦 + 4)2 − 4
2
𝑓(𝑥) = 5(𝑥 + 8𝑥) + 76 𝑥 + 4 = 5(𝑦 + 4)2
𝑓(𝑥) = 5[𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 16 − 16] + 76 𝑥+4
= (𝑦 + 4)2
2 5
𝑓(𝑥) = 5[(𝑥 + 4) − 16] + 76
𝑥+4
𝑓(𝑥) = 5(𝑥 + 4)2 − 80 + 76 ±√ 5 = 𝑦 + 4
𝑓(𝑥) = 5(𝑥 + 4)2 − 4
𝑥+4
−4 ± √ 5 = 𝑦

𝑥+4 𝑥+4
Therefore, the inverse equations are 𝑦 = −4 + √ and 𝑦 = −4 − √ .
5 5

4. The height of a ball thrown from a balcony can be modelled by the function
ℎ(𝑡) = −5𝑡 2 − 10𝑡 + 10, where h(t) is the height above the ground, in metres, at time t seconds
after it is thrown. Determine the model that describes time in terms of height.

First rewrite the equation in vertex form. Now remove the function notation, replace the t
ℎ(𝑡) = −5𝑡 2 − 10𝑡 + 10 and h with x and y respectively and begin
2
ℎ(𝑡) = (−5𝑡 − 10𝑡) + 10 working on creating the inverse.
ℎ(𝑡) = −5(𝑡 2 + 2𝑡) + 10 𝑦 = −5(𝑥 + 1)2 + 15
ℎ(𝑡) = −5(𝑡 2 + 2𝑡 + 1 − 1) + 10 𝑥 = −5(𝑦 + 1)2 + 15
2
ℎ(𝑡) = −5((𝑡 + 1) − 1) + 10 𝑥 − 15 = −5(𝑦 + 1)2
2 𝑥−15
ℎ(𝑡) = −5(𝑡 + 1) + 5 + 10 = (𝑦 + 1)2
2 −5
ℎ(𝑡) = −5(𝑡 + 1) + 15
𝑥−15
±√ −5 = 𝑦 + 1
𝑥−15
−1 ± √ =𝑦
−5

Since this is the inverse equation of h(t), use t(h) as the new function. The inverse equations
ℎ−15 ℎ−15
are 𝑡(ℎ) = −1 + √ and 𝑡(ℎ) = −1 − √ OR
−5 −5
15−ℎ 15−ℎ
𝑡(ℎ) = −1 + √ and 𝑡(ℎ) = −1 − √
5 5

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