Real Analysis

Previous year Questions

2021-22

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 2020
1. Prove that the sequence ( an ) satisfying the condition an + 1 − an   an − an − 1 0    1 for all-natural
numbers 0    1 is a Cauchy sequence. [10 Marks]
2
2. Prove that the function f ( x ) = sin x is not uniformly continuous on the interval 0,  [15 Marks]

x 3 + y3 2u 2u 2u

x−y
, x  y then show that x 2 2 + 2xy
x x u
+ y2 2 = 1 − 4 sin2 u sin 2u
y
( )
[20 Marks]
/2

( )
2
sin x 1
4. Show that  sin x + cos x
dx =
2
log e 1 + 2 [15 Marks]
0

2019
 x2 − y 2
 ( x, y )  (1, −1) (1,1)
5. Show that the function f ( x, y ) =  x − y is continuous and differentiable at (1, −1)
 0 ( x, y ) = (1,1) (1, −1)

[10 Marks]

tan −1 (ax)
6. Evaluate  dx, a  0, a  1 [10 Marks]
0 x(1 + x )
2

1
7. Using differentials, find an approximate value of f (4.1, 4.9) where f ( x, y ) = ( x3 + x 2 y ) 2 [15 Marks]
nx
8. Discuss the uniform convergence of f n ( x) = , x  (−, ) n = 1,2,3,... [15 Marks]
1 + n2 x2
9. Find the maximum value of the f ( x, y, z) = x 2 y 2 z 2 subject to the subsidiary condition.
x2 + y 2 + z 2 = c 2 ,( x, y, z  0) [15 Marks]
2
x
10. Discuss the convergence of  ln xdx [15 Marks]
1

2018
2  /2
x 2 2
11. Prove the inequality:
9
  dx  [10 Marks]
 /6 sin x 9
1 1 1
12. Find the range of p ( 0) for which the series: − + − ...., a  0
(1 + a) p
(2 + a) p
(3 + a) p
(i) absolutely convergent and (ii) conditionally convergent. [10 Marks]
13. Show that if a function f defined on an open interval (a, b) of is convex then f is continuous. Show, by
example, if the condition of open interval is dropped, then the convex function need not be continuous.
[15 Marks]
14. Suppose be the set of all real numbers and f : → is a function such that the following equations hold
for all x, y  :

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 (i) f ( x + y ) = f ( x) + f ( y)
(ii) f ( xy ) = f ( x) f ( y)
Show that x  either f ( x) = 0 , or, f ( x) = x. [15 Marks]

2017
15. Let x1 = 2 and xn+1 = xn + 20, n = 1,2,3,... show that the sequence x1, x2 , x3.. is convergent. [10 Marks]
x  
16. Find the Supremum and the Infimum of on the interval  0,  . [10 Marks]
sin x  2
t
17. Let f (t ) =  [ x] dx where [ x] denote the largest integer less than or equal to x
0
(i) Determine all the real numbers t at which f is differentiable.
(ii) Determine all the real numbers t at which f is continues but not differentiable. [15 Marks]
 
18. Let  xn be a conditionally convergent series of real numbers. Show that there is a rearrangement  x ( n ) of
n =1 n =1

the series  xn that converges to 100. [20 Marks]
n =1

2016
1
19. For that the function f : (0, ) → R given by f ( x ) = x 2 sin ,0  x   Show that there is a differentiable
x
function g : R → R that extends f [10 marks]
20. Two sequences { x n } and { yn } are defined inductively by the following:
1 1 1 1 1 
x1 = , y1 = 1, xn = xn−1 yn−1 , n = 2,3,4,... =  +  , n = 2,3,4,... and Prove that
2 yn 2  xn yn−1 
xn−1  xn  yn  yn−1 , n = 2,3,4,... and deduce that both the sequence converges to the same limit l where
1
 l  1. [10 marks]
2

( −1)n +1
21. Show that the series  conditionally convergent (if you use any theorem (s) to show it then you
n =1 n + 1
must give a proof of that theorem(s). [15 marks]
4 4 2 2
22. Find the relative maximum minimum values of the function f ( x , y) = x + y − 2x + 4xy − 2 y [15 marks]
23. Let f : R → R be a continuous function such lim f ( x ) and lim f ( x ) exist and are finite. Prove that is
x →+ x →−
uniformly continuous on [15 marks]

2015
  n 
24. Test for convergence  ( −1)n +1   [10 Marks]
n =1  n2 + 1 

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 1 1 1
n , n +1  x  n
 1
25. Is the function f ( x ) =  Riemann Integrable? If yes, obtain the value of  f ( x )dx
0 x =0 0


[15 Marks]
 nx
26. Test the series of functions  2 2
for uniform convergence [15 Marks]
n =1 1 + n x

27. Find the absolute maximum and minimum values of the function f ( x , y) = x 2 + 3 y2 − y over the region
x 2 + 2 y2  1 [15 Marks]

2014

dx
28. Test the convergence of the improper integral  x (1 + e )
1
2 −x
[10 Marks]

0  1 1
2x sin cos , x  0,1
29. Integrate  f ( x ) dx , ,where f ( x ) =  x x [15 Marks]
1 0 x =0

 2 f ( 0,0 )  2 f ( 0,0 ) 
(
 xy 3x 2 − 2 y2 )
, ( x , y )  ( 0,0 )
30. Obtain and for the function f ( x , y) =  x 2 + y2
x y yx 
 0 , ( x , y )  ( 0,0 )
2 f 2 f
Also, discuss the continuity and of at ( 0,0 ) [15 Marks]
x y yx
31. Find the minimum value of x 2 + y2 + z 2 subject to the condition xyz = a3 by the method of Lagrange
multiplies. [15 Marks]

2013
 x2
 + 4 if x  0

32. Let f ( x ) =  2 Is f Riemann integrable in the interval −1,2 ? Why? Does there exist a
 −x 2
 + 2 if x  0
 2
function g such that g '( x ) = f ( x ) ? Justify your answer. [10 Marks]
 ( −1)n −1 ,is uniformly convergent but not absolutely for all real values of x [13 Marks]
33. Show that the series 
1n + x2
34. Show that every open subset of R is countable union of disjoint open intervals [14 Marks]
35. Let x  denote the integer part of the real number x , i.e., if n  x  n + 1 where n is an integer, then x  = n .
2
Is the function f ( x ) = x  + 3 Riemann integrable in the function in −1,2 ? If not, explain why. If it is

(x  + 3)dx
2
2
integrable, compute  [10 Marks]
−1

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 2012
 1
 0, if x 
n +1

  1 1
36. Let, fn ( x ) = sin , if  x  , Show that fn ( x ) converges to a continuous function but not
 x n +1 n
 1
 0, if x 
 n
uniformly. [12 Marks]
 n
  
37. Show that the series    + 1  n6 is convergent [12 Marks]
n =1  
 ( x + y )2
 , if ( x , y )  ( 0,0 ) f f
38. Let f ( x , y ) =  x 2 + y2 Show that and exist at (0,0) though f ( x , y ) is not
 x y
 1, if ( x , y ) = ( 0,0 )
continuous at (0,0) . [15 Marks]
39. Find the minimum distance of the line given by the planes 3x + 4 y + 5z = 7 and x − z = 9 and from the origin,
by the method of Lagrange’s multipliers. [15 Marks]
1
40. Let f ( x ) be differentiable on [0,1] such that f (1) = f (0) = 0 and  f 2 ( x ) dx = 1 .Prove that
0
1
1
 xf ( x )f '( x )dx = − 2 [15 Marks]
0

41. Give an example of a function f ( x ), that is not Riemann integrable but f ( x ) is Riemann integrable. Justify
your answer [20 Marks]

2011
1
42. Let S = (0,1) and f be defined by f ( x ) = where 0  x  1 (in R ). Is f uniformly continuous on S ? Justify
x
your answer. [12 Marks]
n
43. Let fn ( x ) = nx (1 − x ) , x  [0,1] .Examine the uniform convergence of  fn ( x ) on [0,1] [15 Marks]

44. Find the shortest distance from the origin (0,0) to the hyperbola x 2 + 8xy + 7 y2 = 225 [15 Marks]
nx
45. Show that the series for which the sum of first n terms fn ( x ) = ,0  x  1 cannot be differentiated
1 + n2 x 2
term-by-term at x = 0 . What happens at x  0? [15 Marks]
 1  1
46. Show that if S( x ) =  , then its derivative S '( x ) = −2x  , for all x [20 Marks]
(1 + nx )
3 4 2 2
n =1 n +n x n =1 n2 2

2010
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  n 
sin  
47. Discuss the convergence of the sequence xn  where X n =  2  [12 Marks]
8
 1 + 17 
48. Define xn  by x1 = 5 and xn +1 = 4 + xn for n  1 Show that the sequence converges to  
 2 

[12 Marks]
 2 1
x sin , if x  0
49. Define the function f ( x ) =  x . Find f '( x ) . Is f '( x ) continuous at x = 0? Justify your answer.
0 if x = 0
[15 Marks]
 2
x
50. Consider the series  2 2
. Find the values of x for which it is convergent and also the sum function. Is
n =0 (1 + x )
the converse uniform? Justify your answer. [15 Marks]
51. Let fn ( x ) = x n on −1  x  1 for n = 1,2.... . Find the limit function. Is the convergence uniform? Justify your
answer. [15 Marks]

2009
52. State Roll’s theorem. Use it to prove that between two roots of e x cos x = 1 there will be a root o e x sin x = 1
[2+10=12 Marks]
x
 + 1 if x  1
2
x
53. Let f ( x )  + 1 if 1  x  2 What are the points of discontinuity of f , if any? What are the points where f
2
 x
− + 1 if 2  x
 2
is not differentiable, if any? Justify yours answer. [12 Marks]
2
2
 1   1.4 
2
 1.4.7...... (3n − 2 ) 
54. Show that the series   +   + ..... +   + ...... converges [15 Marks]
 3   3.6   3.6.9............3n 
55. Show that if f : [ a,b] → R is a continuous function then f ([ a,b]) = [c, d ] form some real numbers c and d,
c  d. [15 Marks]
 n2 x 2  n2
56. Show that: lim 
x →1 n =1 n4
= Justify all steps of your answer by quoting the theorems you are
+ x4 n =1 n
4
+1
using [15 Marks]
57. Show that a bounded infinite subset R must have a limit point [15 Marks]

2008
x
58. (i) For x  0, show  log (1 + x )  x [6 Marks]
1+ x
1   3   1 
(ii) Let T =  , n  N  1 + , n  N  6 − , n  N  . Find derived set T of T . Also find
n   2n   3n 
Supremum of T and greatest number of T. [6 Marks]

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59. If f : R → R is continuous and f ( x + y) = f ( x ) + f ( y ), for all x , y  R then show that f ( x ) = xf (1) for all
x  R. [12 Marks]
x 1.3 2 1.3.5 3
60. Discuss the convergence of the series + x + x + ....., x  0. [15 Marks]
2 2.4 2.4.6
1 1  1 
61. Show that the series  is equivalent to  1 +  [15 Marks]
n(n + 1) 2 2 2
n −1 
62. Let f be a continuous function on [0,1] . Using first Mean Value theorem on Integration, prove that
1
nf ( x ) 
lim 
n → 0 1 + n 2 2
dx =
2
f (0) [15 Marks]
x
63. (i) Prove that the sets A = [0,1], B = (0,1) are equivalent sets. [6 Marks]
tan x x  
(ii) Prove that  , x   0,  [9 Marks]
x sin x  2

2007
 xy
 ( x , y)  (0,0)
64. Show that the function given by f ( x , y ) =  x 2 + 2 y2 is not continuous at (0,0) but its partial
0 ( x , y) = (0,0)

derivatives fx and fy exists at (0,0) [12 Marks]

65. Using Lagrange’s mean value theorem, show that cos b − cos a  b − a [12 Marks]
66. Given a positive real number a and any natural number n, prove that there exists one and only one positive
real number  such that  n = a [20 Marks]
2 2
67. Find the volume of the solid in the first octant bounded by the paraboloid z = 36 − 4x − 9 y [20 Marks]

1
 ( −1)
n +1
68. Rearrange the series to converge to 1 [20 Marks]
n =1 n

2006
1
dx
69. Examine the convergence of  1/2
[12 Marks]
0 x (1 − x )1/2
 1 when x is rational
70. Prove that the function f defined by f ( x ) =  is nowhere continuous. [12 Marks]
−1 when x is irrational
71. A twice differentiable function f is such that f ( a ) = f (b) = 0 and f (c )  0 for a  c  b. Prove that there is at
least one value  , a    b for which f '' ( )  0. [20 Marks]
 x 3 + 2 y2
 , ( x , y)  (0,0)
72. Show that the function given by f ( x , y ) =  x 2 + y2 (i) is continuous at (0,0) (ii) possesses
 0 , ( x , y) = (0,0)

partial derivative fx (0,0) and fy (0,0) [20 Marks]
x 2 y2 z 2
73. Find the volume of the ellipsoid + + =1 [20 Marks]
a 2 b2 c2

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 2005
x y z  ( x , y, z )
74. If u, v, w are the roots of the equation in  and + + = 1, evaluate [12 Marks]
a+ b+ c+  ( u,v,w )
75. Evaluate  ln( x + y + z ) dxdydz The integral being extended over all positive values of x , y, z such that
x + y + z 1 [12 Marks]
76. If f ' and g ' exist for every x  [ a,b] and if g '( x ) does not vanish anywhere ( a,b), show that there exists c in
f (c ) − f ( a ) f '(c )
( a,b) such that = [30 Marks]
g (b) − g (c ) g '(c )

77. Show that  e −tt n−1 dt is an improper integral which converges for n  0 [30 Marks]
0

2004
1 1 1
78. Show that the function f ( x ) defined as: f ( x ) =n
, n+1  x  n , n = 0,1,2,..... and f (0) = 0 is integrable
2 2 2
1
2
in [0,1], although it has an infinite number of points of discontinuity. Show that  f ( x )dx = [12 Marks]
0 3
 x when x is irrational
79. Show that the function f ( x ) defined on by: f ( x ) =  is continuous only at x = 0
−x when x is rational
[12 Marks]
80. If ( x , y, z ) be the lengths of perpendiculars drawn from any interior point P of triangle ABC on the sides
BC ,CA and AB respectively, then find the minimum value of x 2 + y2 + z 2 , the sides of the triangle ABC
being a,b, c . [20 Marks]
2 2 2 2
81. Find the volume bounded by the paraboloid x + y = az, the cylinder x + y = 2ay and the plane z = 0
[20 Marks]
82. Let f ( x )  g ( x ) for every x in [ a,b] and f and g are both bounded and Riemann integrable on [ a,b] . At a
b b
point c  [ a,b], let f and g be continuous and f (c )  g (c ) then prove that  f ( x ) dx   g ( x ) dx and hence
a a

1 b x 3 cos5x 1
show that −  2
dx  [20 Marks]
2 a 2+x 2

2003
83. Let a be a positive real number and x n  sequence of rational numbers such that lim x n = 0 . Show that
n →

lim ax n = 1 [12 Marks]

84. If a continuous function of x satisfies the functional equation f ( x + y) = f ( x ) + f ( y) then show that
f ( x ) =  x where  is a constant. [12 Marks]

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 c2
85. Show that the maximum value of x 2 y2z 2 subject to condition x 2 + y2 + z 2 = c2 is . Interpret the result
27
[20 Marks]
86. The axes of two equal cylinders intersect at right angles. If a be their radius, then find the volume common to
the cylinder by the method of multiple integrals. [20 Marks]

dx
87. Show that  1 + x sin x is divergent
0
2 2
[20 Marks]

2002

88. Prove that the integral  x m−1e − x dx is convergent if and only if m  0. [12 Marks]
0

( an )
n

89. Find all the positive values of a for which the series  n!
converges. [12 Marks]
n =1

sin nx
90. Test uniform convergence of the series  , where p  0 [20 Marks]
n =1 np
91. Obtain the maxima and minima of x 2 + y2 + z 2 − yz − zx − xy subject to condition
x 2 + y2 + z 2 − 2x + 2 y + 6z + 9 = 0 [25 Marks]
92. A solid hemisphere H of radius ' a ' has density  depending on the distance R from the center of and is given
by  = k ( 2a − R ) where k is a constant. Find the mass of the hemisphere by the method of multiple integrals
[15 Marks]

2001
 /2
xn
93. Show that  sinm x
dx exists if and only if m  n + 1 [12 Marks]
0

a1 + a2 + ...an
94. If lim an = l, then prove that lim = l, [12 Marks]
n → n → n
95. A function f is defined in the interval ( a,b) as follows
1 p
 q 2 when x = q

f (x ) =  where p, q relatively prime integers. f ( x ) = 0 for all other values of x . Is f
 1 when x = p
 q3 q
Riemann integrable? Justify your answer. [20 Marks]
96. Show that U = xy + yz + zx has a maximum value when the three variables are connected by the relation
2 2 2
ax + by + cz = 1 and a,b, c are positive constants satisfying the condition 2( ab + bc + ca )  ( a + b + c )
[25 Marks]
97. ( 2
Evaluate  ax + by + cz 2 2
) dxdydz taken throughout the region x 2 2 2
+ y +z  R 2
[15 Marks]

2000
98. Given that the terms of a sequence an  are such that each ak , k  3, is the arithmetic mean of its two
immediately preceding terms. Show that the sequence converges. Also find the limit of the sequence.
[12 Marks]

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 
 1 
99. Determine the values of x for which the infinite product  1 + x 2n  converges absolutely. Find its value
n =0  
whenever it converges. [12 Marks]
100. Suppose f is twice differentiable real valued function in (0, ) and M 0, M1 and M 2 the least upper bounds of
f ( x ) , f '( x ) and f ''( x ) respectively in (0, ) . Prove for each x  0, h  0 that
1
f '( x )  f ( x + 2h) − f ( x ) − hf '(u) for some u  ( x , x + 2h) . Hence show that M12  4M0 M2. [20 Marks]
2h 
101. Evaluate  ( x 3dydz + x 2 ydzdx + x 2zdxdy ) by transforming into triple integral where S is the closed surface
S

formed by the cylinder x 2 + y2 = a2 ,0  z  b and the circular disc x 2 + y2  a2 , z = 0 and x 2 + y2  a2 , z = b

1999
102. Let A be a subset of the metric space ( M ,  ) . If ( A,  ) is compact, then show that A is a closed subset of
(M ,) [20 Marks]
103. A sequence Sn  is defined by the recursion formula Sn+1 = 3Sn , S1 = 1 . Does this sequence converge? If so,
find lim Sn [20 Marks]
1 q
 1
104. Test for convergence the integral  x p  log  dx [20 Marks]
0 x  
105. Find the shortest distance from the origin to the hyperbola x 2 + 8xy + 7 y2 = 225, z = 0 [20 Marks]
x−y
106. Show that the double integral  3
dxdy does not exist over R = [0,1;0,1] [20 Marks]
R ( x + y)

107. Verify the Gauss divergence theorem for F = 4xe x − 2 y2 e y + z 2 e z taken over the region bounded by
x 2 + y2 = 4, z = 0 and z = 3 where ex , e y, ez are unit vectors along x −, y − and z − directions respectively.
[20 Marks]

1998
108. Let X be a metric space and E  X . Show that
(i) Interior of E is the largest open set contained in E
(ii) Boundary of E =(closure of E ) (closure of X − E ) [20 Marks]
109. Let ( X , d ) and (Y , e) be metric spaces with X compact and f : X → Y continuous. Show that f is uniformly
continuous. [20 Marks]
110. Show that the function f ( x , y) = 2x 4 − 3x 2 y + y2 has (0,0) as the only critical point but the function neither
has a minima nor maxima at (0,0) [20 Marks]

sin x
111. Test the convergence of the integral  e − ax dx , a  0 [20 Marks]
0 x

x
112. Test the series  2 2
for uniform convergence. [20 Marks]
n =1 ( n + x )
1
113. Let f ( x ) = x and g( x ) = x 2 . Does  fog exist? If it exists then find its value [20 Marks]
0

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 1997
114. Show that a non-empty set P in Rn each of whose points is a limit-point is uncountable. [20 Marks]
a2b2c2 x 2 y2 z 2
115. Show that  xyz dxdydz = where domain D is given by + + 1 [20 Marks]
D
6 a2 b2 c2
2
2u 2u 2

( )
1/5  2 u
116. If u = sin −1  x 2 + y2  , Prove that x 2
+ 2xy + y2
2
= tan u(2tan2 u − 3) [20 Marks]
  x x y y 25

1996
117. Let F be the set of all real valued bounded continuous functions defined on the closed interval [0,1] . Let d
1
be a mapping of F  F into R, the set of real numbers, defined by d( f , g ) =  f ( x ) − g( x ) dx f , g  F .
0
Verify that d is a metric for F [20 Marks]
118. Prove that a compact set in a metric space is a closed set. [20 Marks]
119. Let C[ a,b] denote the set of all functions f on [ a,b] which have continuous derivatives at all points of
 
I = [ a,b] .For f , g  C[ a,b] define d( f , g ) = f ( a ) − g(b) + sup f '( x ) − g '( x ) , x  I . Show that the space
(C[ a,b], d ) is a complete. [20 Marks]
120. A function f is defined in the interval ( a,b) as follows:
q −2 when x = pq −1

f (x ) = 
( )
1/2
−3
q when x = pq −1

where p, q are relatively prime integers; f ( x ) = 0, for all other values of x . Is f Riemann integrable? Justify
your answer. [20 Marks]
 n 2n −1
2 x
121. Test for uniform convergence, the series  [20 Marks]
n =1 1 + x 2n
 /2  /2
122. Evaluate   sin x sin −1 ( sin x sin y ) dxdy [20 Marks]
0 0

1995
123. Let K and F be nonempty disjoint closed subjects of R2 . If K is bounded, show that there exists   0 such
that d( x , y)   for x  K and y  F where d( x , y ) is the usual distance between x and y . [20 Marks]
124. Let f be a continuous real function on R such that f maps open interval into open intervals. Prove that f is
monotonic. [20 Marks]
125. Let cn  0 for all positive integers n such that is convergent. Suppose Sn  is a sequence of distinct points in
( a,b) For x  [ a,b], define  ( x ) =  cn n : x  Sn  . Prove that  is an increasing function. If f a continuous
b
real function on [ a,b], show that  fd =  cn f (Sn ) [20 Marks]
a

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126. Suppose f maps an open ball U  Rn into Rm and f is differentiable onU . Suppose there exists a real number
M  0 such that f ( x )  M x U . Prove that f (b) − f ( a )  M b − a a,b U [20 Marks]

127. Find and classify the extreme values of the function f ( x , y) = x 2 + y2 + x + y + xy [20 Marks]
128. Suppose  is real number not equals to n for any integer n . Prove that

−( x 2 + 2xy cos  + y2 ) 
 e dxdy =
2sin 
[20 Marks]
00

1994
129. Examine the (i) absolute convergence (ii) uniform convergence of the series (1 − x ) + x(1 − x ) + x 2 (1 − x ) + ...
in [ −c,1], 0  c  1 [20 Marks]
1
130. Prove that S( x ) =  , p  1 is uniformly convergent for all values of x and can be differentiate
n p + nq x 2
term by term if q  3 p  2 [20 Marks]
1 1
131. Let the function f be defined on [0,1] by the condition f ( x ) = 2rx when  x  , r  0 Show that f is
r +1 r
1
2
Riemann integrable in [0,1] and  f ( x ) dx = [20 Marks]
0
6

132. By means of substitution x + y + z = u, y + z = uv, z = uvw evaluate  ( x + y + z )n xyz dxdydz taken over
the volume bounded by x = 0, y = 0, z = 0, x + y + z = 1 [20 Marks]

1993
133. Examine for Riemann integrability over [0,2] of the function defined in [0,2] by
x + x 2 , for rational valuesof x
f (x ) =  [20 Marks]
x 2 + x 3 , for irrational values of x

sin x
134. Prove that  dx converges and conditionally converges. [20 Marks]
0
x
dxdydz
135. Evaluate  over the volume bounded by the coordinate planes and the plane x + y + z = 1
x + y + z +1
[20 Marks]

1992
b
2
136. If we metrize the space of functions continuous on [ a,b] by taking p( x , y) =  x (t ) − y(t ) dt then show
a
that the resulting metric space is NOT complete [20 Marks]
2 2 2
137. Examine 2xyz − 4zx − 2 yz + x + y + z − 2x − 4 y − 4z for extreme values [20 Marks]

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 1 + nx 1 + (n + 1)x d d
138. If Un = − , 0  x  1 Prove that Un = Un Is the series uniformly convergent
nenx (n + 1)e( n +1)x dx dx
in (0,1)? Justify your claim. [20 Marks]
139. Find the upper and lower Riemann integral for the function defined in the interval [0,1] as follows
 1 − x 2 when x is rational
 and show that is NOT Riemann integrable in [0,1] . [20 Marks]
1 − x when x is irrational

x
140. Discuss the convergence or divergence of  dx ,     0 [20 Marks]
2
0 1 + x sin x

a2b2 − b2x 2 − a2 y2 x2 y2
141. Evaluate  dxdy over the positive quadrant of the ellipse + =1 [20 Marks]
a2b2 + b2x 2 + a2 y2 a2 b2

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