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Lesson 3 - Cell Types

This document discusses cell types by distinguishing between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells have a nucleus enclosed by a nuclear membrane. The document provides examples of distinguishing characteristics, components, and reproductive processes of prokaryotic cells. It also briefly introduces eukaryotic cells as being larger and more complex than prokaryotes, with organelles like mitochondria and a cytoskeleton.

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Arvin Jay Lamberte
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64 views16 pages

Lesson 3 - Cell Types

This document discusses cell types by distinguishing between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells have a nucleus enclosed by a nuclear membrane. The document provides examples of distinguishing characteristics, components, and reproductive processes of prokaryotic cells. It also briefly introduces eukaryotic cells as being larger and more complex than prokaryotes, with organelles like mitochondria and a cytoskeleton.

Uploaded by

Arvin Jay Lamberte
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Lesson 3: Cell Types

General Biology 1
Mr. Arvin Jay R. Lamberte, LPT

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC


Lesson Objective:

• Distinguish
prokaryotic and
eukaryotic cells
according to their
distinguishing
features.

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA


Guide Questions:

1. What are the two types of cells?


2. What does the word prokaryotic mean?
3. What does the word eukaryotic mean?
4. What are the examples of prokaryotic and
eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic Cells
• The term “prokaryote” is
derived from the Greek word
“pro“, (meaning: before) and
“karyon” (meaning: kernel).
• “before kernel”
• It translates to “before nuclei.“
• A prokaryote is a simple,
single-celled organism that
lacks a nucleus and
membrane-bound organelles.
Prokaryotic Cells
• Prokaryotes are one of the most
ancient groups of living organisms
on earth, with fossil records dating
back to almost 3.5 billion years
ago.
• These prokaryotes thrived in the
earth’s ancient environment, some
using up chemical energy and
others using the sun’s energy.
Prokaryotic Cells

• Prokaryotic cells are


comparatively smaller and
much simpler than eukaryotic
cells.
• It has a size of 1-10 micrometer.
• Reproduction happens through
the process of binary fission.
Characteristics of
Prokaryotic Cells:
1. They lack a nuclear membrane.
2. Mitochondria, Golgi bodies,
chloroplast, and lysosomes are
absent.
3. The genetic material is present on a
single chromosome.
4. The histone proteins, the important
constituents of eukaryotic
chromosomes, are lacking in them.
Characteristics of
Prokaryotic Cells:
5. The cell wall is made up of
carbohydrates and amino acids.
6. The plasma membrane acts as
the mitochondrial membrane
carrying respiratory enzymes.
7. They divide asexually by binary
fission. The sexual mode of
reproduction involves
conjugation.
Components of
Prokaryotic Cells:
• Capsule– It is an outer protective covering found in
the bacterial cells, in addition to the cell wall
• Cell Wall– It is the outermost layer of the cell which
gives shape to the cell.
• Cytoplasm– The cytoplasm is mainly composed of
enzymes, salts, cell organelles and is a gel-like
component.
• Cell Membrane– This layer surrounds the cytoplasm
and regulates the entry and exit of substances in
the cells.
Components of Prokaryotic
Cells:
• Pili– These are hair-like outgrowths that attach to
the surface of other bacterial cells.
• Flagella– These are long structures in the form of a
whip, that help in the locomotion of a cell.
• Ribosomes– These are involved in protein
synthesis.
• Plasmids– Plasmids are non-chromosomal DNA
structures. These are not involved in reproduction.
• Nucleoid Region– It is the region in the cytoplasm
where the genetic material is present.
Eukaryotic Cells
• Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus.
• It is enclosed within the nuclear
membrane.
• They form large and complex
organisms.
• Protozoa, fungi, plants, and
animals all have eukaryotic cells.
Eukaryotic Cells
• They are classified under the
kingdom Eukaryota.
• They can maintain different
environments in a single cell
that allows them to carry out
various metabolic reactions.
• This helps them grow many
times larger than the
prokaryotic cells.
Characteristics of Eukaryotic
Cells
Eukaryotic cells have the nucleus enclosed within the
nuclear membrane.

The cell has mitochondria.

Flagella and cilia are the locomotory organs in a


eukaryotic cell.

A cell wall is the outermost layer of the eukaryotic cells.

The cells divide by a process called mitosis.

The eukaryotic cells contain a cytoskeletal structure.

The nucleus contains a single, linear DNA, which carries


all the genetic information.

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