Join Telegram- Maths by Aditya Ranjan PROBABILITY

PROBABILITY/ izkf;drk
(SSC CGL Mains Classroom Sheet)
In everyday life we come across statements Ex. Find the probability of getting a head when a
such as:/gesa viuh fnu&izfrfnu fnup;kZ eas bl izdkj coin is tossed once. Also find probability of
ds dFku feyrs jgrs gSa& getting a tail.
(1) It will "Probably" rain today ,d flDds dks ,d ckj mNkyus ij mlesa fpr~ rFkk iV~
'kk;n vkt ckfj'k gks vkus dh izkf;drk Kkr dhft,A
(2) I "doubt" he will pass the test  Observe that/è;ku nsa:-
eq>s lansg gS fd og VsLV esa mÙkh.kZ gkssxk The sum of probability of all the elementary
(3) "Chances are high that petrol peices will events of an experiment is '1'.

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rise next month."
fdlh ç;ksx dh lHkh çkjfEHkd ?kVukvksa dh çkf;drk

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vxys eghus esa isVªksy dh dherksa eas o`f¼ gksus dh laHkkouk
dk ;ksx '1' gksrk gSA
cgqr vf/d gS an by
The words – 'Probably' 'doubt' 'chances' involve 1 1
P(head) + (tail) = + =1
2 2

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element of uncertainty.
'kCnksa&
''kk;n'] 'lansg
' rFkk'laHkkouk
' eas vfu'fprrk dk Now, consider another example of probability
Hkko gSA ja of not getting a tail when a coin is tossed once.
R s
The uncertainty of ' probably' can be measured vc ,d flDds dks ,d ckj mNkyus ij Vsy u vkus dh
a th

numerically by means of "Probability" in many çkf;drk Kkr djus dk ,d vkSj mnkgj.k ysrs gSaA
cases. It started with gambling and used
extensively in field of Physical Science, 1  Favourable outcomes 
 P(E) =
2  All possible outcomes 
Commerce Biological Science, weather
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forcasting etc.
laHkkouk dh vfu'fprrk dks dbZ ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa la[;kRed(not tail = head)
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:i esa izkf;drk ds ekè;e ls ekirs gSaA ;g tq, }kjk In general, it is true that for an event E,
izkjEHk gqbZ rFkk HkkSfrd foKku] dkWelZ] tho foKku rFkk
P E  = 1 – P(E)
ekSle iwokZuqeku vkfn esa o`gn :i ls iz;ksx gksrh gSA
N o. of favourable outcomes  
P E is called "COMPLEMENTARY EVENT"
P(E) =
Total N o. of outcomes
 
P E dks iwjd ?kVuk dgrs gSaA
Sample Space:-/izfrn'kZ lef"V
Ex. Consider that a dice is thrown once. The
The sample space of an experiment is net of
Probability of getting.
all possible outcomes.
ekuk fdlh ikls dks ,d ckj iQsdk tkrk gSA fuEu ifj.kke
A

fdlh iz;ksx dk izfrn'kZ lef"V lHkh laHkkfor ifj.kkeksa

izkIr gksus dh izkf;drk Kkr dhft,A
dk 'kq¼ ;ksx gSA
(i) 2 (ii) 3
Example (i) Tossing a coin/,d flDds dks nk ckj (iii) Numbers from 1 to 6
mNkyuk ;k nks flDdksa– {H,
dks T} (iv) Number greatest than 6
(ii) Tossing a coin twice or tossing two coins  So, we observe that 0  P(E)  1
/,d flDds dks nk ckj mNkyuk ;k nks flDdksa dks When P(E) = 0, it is called an "IMPOSSIBLE
mNkyuk – {HH, HT, TH, TT} EVENT"
(iii)Rolling a die/iklk iQsaduk
– {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} tc P(E) = 0 gks] rks ;g ,d vlEHko ?kVuk gksrh gS

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Join Telegram- Maths by Aditya Ranjan PROBABILITY

Ex. (i) Find the probability of drawing a card 2. A Coin is tossed twice find the possibleity
which is 'ace' from a well shuffled deck getting:
of 52 cards.
,d flDds dks nks ckj mNkyk tkrk gS] izkIr gksus dh
52 iÙkksa dh ,d vPNh rjg ls iQsaVh xbZ xîóh ls
lEHkkouk Kkr dhft,A
,d iÙkk fudkyus ij mlds bDdk gksus dh çkf;drk
Kkr dhft,A (i) both heads/nksuksa fpr~
(ii) Now, find the probability that the card is (i) exactly one head/fcYdqy ,d fpr~
not can ace.
(iii)at least one head/de ls de ,d fpr~
vc mlds bDdk ugha gksus dh çkf;drk Kkr dhft,A
Remark: 3. Three unbiased coins are tossed together.

12 1 Find the probability to getting:-

 
We can again see that P E + P E  = +
13 13
=1
rhu flDds dks ,d lkFk mNkyus ij fuEu ifj.kke izkIr
COINS/flDds djus dh izkf;drk Kkr dhft,A
(i) All heads/lHkh fpr~

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 When an unbiased coin is tossed once:
(ii) At least one tail/de ls de ,d iV~

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tc fdlh ,d flDds dks ,d ckj mNkyk tkrk gS rks%
(iii)Exactly 2 heads/fcYdqy nks fpr~
Possible outcomes are/dqy
an by laHkkfor ifj.kke
(iv) At most 2 heads/vf/d ls vf/d nks fpr~
2n = 21 = 1

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Sample space  Hands and Tails (v) Either 2 heads or 2 tails/;k rks nks fpr~ vFkok
 When two unbiased coins are tossed nks/ iV~
ja
R s
simultaneously.
Concept of Combination/la;kstu dh voèkkj.kk
tc nks flDds dks ,d ,d lkFk mNkyk tkrk gS rks%
a th

Factorical of a number n is denoted by n or

Possible outcomes are/dqy laHkkfor ifj.kke n!
2² = 4 fdlh la[;k n ds xq.ku[kaM dks fu:fir fd;k tkrkn
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Sample space = {(H,H) (H,T) (TH) (TT)} or n! gS

& n! = n(n – 1) (n – 2) (n – 3)............3.2.1
 When three unbaised coins are tossed
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eg.: 5! = 5 . 4 . 3 . 2 . 1 = 120
simultaneously.
4! = 4 . 3 . 2 . 1 = 24
tc rhu flDds dks ,d ,d lkFk mNkyk tkrk gS rks% The number of ways in which r objects can
Possible outcomes are/dqy laHkkfor ifj.kke be selected out of n differnce objects
2³ = 8 n fofHkUu oLrqvksa resa
oLrqvksa
ls dks pquus ds rjhdks
Sample Space = {(HHH) (HHT) (HTH) (THH) dh la[;k
(HTT) (THT) (TTH) (TTT)} n!
n
= Cr =
 When n coins are tossed or single coin tossed n – r  ! r!
n times:-
4. A coin is tossed 5 times, what is the
tc n flDds dks ,d ,d lkFk vFkok ,d flDds dks
A

probability of getting exactly 2 heads.

n ckj mNkyk tkrk gS rks% ,d flDds dks ikap ckj mNkyus ij nks fpr~ izkIr djus
Possible outcomes/dqy laHkkfor ifj.kke
= 2n dh izkf;drk Kkr dhft,A
1. Two coins are tossed. What is the probability 5. A coin is tossed 9 times. Find the probability
of the appearing of/nks flDdkas dks ,d lkFk mNkyus of getting.
ij fuEu ifj.kke izkIr djus dh izkf;drk Kkr dhft,A fdlh flDds dks ukS ckj mNkyus ij fuEu ifj.kke izkIr
djus dh izkf;drk Kkr dhft,A
(i) At most one head/vf/d ls vf/d ,d fpr
(i) 5 Heads (ii) No heads
(ii) At most two heads/vf/d ls vf/d nks fpr (iii) At least 2 tails

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DICE/iklk (iii) sum of both numbers is 6/nksuksa la[;kvksa dk

;ksxiQy 6 gks
 When a dice is thrown once/tc fdlh ikls dks (iv) sum of both numbers is either 10 or 11/
,d ckj iQasdk tkrk gS
:- nksuksa la[;kvksa dk ;ksxiQy ;k rks 10 gks vFkok 11 g
Sample space = possible cases = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} (v) product of both numbers is even
=6
nksuksa la[;kvksa dk xq.kuiQy le gks
 When two dices are thrown simultaneously.
(vi) sum of numbers appeared is less than or
tc nks ikls ,d lkFk iQSds tkrs gSaA equal to 8
Total possible cases = 6² = 36 nksuksa la[;kvksa dk ;ksxiQy 8 ds cjkcj ;k vf/d gks
Sample space:- (vii)sum of numbers is multiple of 3
First throw nksuksa la[;kvksa dk ;ksxiQy 3 dk xq.kt gks
9. A dice is thrown twice. Find the probability
1 2 3 4 5 6
that the number on first throw is more than
1 (1,1) (1,2) (1,3) (1,4) (1,5) (1,6)
the number on 2nd throw.
2 (2,1) (2,2) (2,3) (2,4) (2,5) (2,6)
fdlh ikls dks nks ckj iQsdus ij igyh ckj esa izkIr

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Second 3 (3,1) (3,2) (3,3) (3,4) (3,5) (3,6)
throw la[;k ds nwljh ckj esa izkIr la[;k ls vf/d gksus dh

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4 (4,1) (4,2) (4,3) (4,4) (4,5) (4,6)
izkf;drk Kkr dhft,A
5 (5,1) (5,2) (5,3) (5,4) (5,5) (5,6)
an by 10. When three dice are thrown at random, what
6 (6,1) (6,2) (6,3) (6,4) (6,5) (6,6)
is the probability of getting sum as 9.
3 ikls ;kn`fPNd :i ls iQsads tkrs gSA izkIr la[;kvksa

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6. A dice is thrown randomly. What is the
probability of getting:- dk ;ksxiQy 9 gksuss dh izkf;drk Kkr dhft,%&
,d iklk ;kn`fPNd :i ls iQsadk tkrk gSA fuEu ifj.kke
ja
R s
Card based Question
izkIr djus dh izkf;drk Kkr dhft,%&
Rkk'k ds iÙkksa ij vkèkkfjr iz'u
a th

(i) 6
(ii) 1 or 2 52
(iii) 0
(iv) any number from 1 to 6
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(v) not 5
7. A dice is rolled find the probability of getting
di M

13 – Cards 13 – Cards 13 – Cards 13 – Cards

,d ikls dks iQsdus ij fuEu ifj.kke izkIr gksus dh izkf;drk Diamonds Hearts Spades Clubs
Kkr dhft,A (RED) (RED) (BLACK) (RED)
(i) an odd number/,d fo"ke la[;k
♦ ♠ ♣
(ii) an even number/,d le la[;k Ace - 1 Ace - 1 Ace - 1 Ace - 1
(iii)a prime number/,d vHkkT; la[;k 2 2 2 2
(iv) a composite number/,d fefJr la[;k 3 3 3 3
(v) a number less than 4/4 ls NksVh la[;k 4 4 4 4
(vi) a number neither prime nor composite/ 5 5 5 5
,d la[;k u rks iz/ku vkSj u gh lexz 6 6 6 6
A

8. A dice is thrown twice. What is the probability 7 7 7 7

of getting 8 8 8 8
,d ikls dks nks ckj iQsdus ij fuEu ifj.kke izkIr gksus 9 9 9 9
dh izkf;drk Kkr dhft,A 10 10 10 10
(i) same number on both throws/nksuksa iklksa ij Face Cards
leku la[;k King King King King
(ii) sum of both number is 5/nksuksa la[;kvksa dk Queen Queen Queen Queen
Jack Jack Jack Jack
;ksxiQy 5 gks

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11. One card is drawn at random from a well 15. A person drawn 3 cards from a deck of 52
shuffled deck of 52 cards. Find the probability cards (with replacement). Find the probability
of getting:- of getting.
,d O;fÙkQ us 52 iÙkksa dh ,d xîóh ls (çfrLFkkiu ds
rk'k ds 52 iÙkksa dh ,d vPNh rjg ls iQsaVh xbZ xM~Mh
esa ls ,d iÙkk ;kn`PN;k fudkyk tkrk gSA izkIr djus lkFk) 3 iÙks fudkysA çkIr djus dh çkf;drk Kkr dhft,A
(i) All three red cards.
dh izkf;drk Kkr dhft,A
rhuksa yky dkMZ
(i) a face card/,d iQsl dkMZ
(ii) a black card/,d dkyk dkMZ (a)
1
(b)
1
6 8
(iii) a red card/yky dkMZ
(iv) a king/,d ckn'kkg 1 1
(c) (d)
(v) an ace/,d bDdk 4 12
(vi) a red face card/,d yky iQsl dkMZ (ii) None of the cards is an ace.

(vii)a spade/gqdqe
dksbZ Hkh bDdk ugha gSA

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12. One card is drawn at random from deck of 1728 1825
(a) (b)
52 cards. 2197 2197

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Find the probability of getting.
1825 1825
52 iÙkksa dh xM~Mh esa ls ,d iÙkk ;kn`PN;k fudkyk
an by (c) (d)
2197 1722
tkrk gSA

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izkIr djus dh izkf;drk Kkr dhft,A Some Miscellaneous Questions
(i) Either a red card or a king/;k rks yky dkMZ
ja 16. P(E) = 0.73 find P E  =
R s
;k ckn'kkg
(ii) Either a ten or a spade/;k rks nl ;k gqdqe (a) 0.73 (b) 0.27
a th

13. What is the probability of drawing two spades (c) 0 (d) none of these above
from a well shuffled deck of 52 cards. 17. A box contains cards numbered from 6 to 50.
rk'k ds 52 iÙkksa dh ,d vPNh rjg ls iQsaVh xbZ xM~Mh
A card is drawn at random from the box. Find
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esa ls nks gqdqe fudkyus dh izkf;drk D;k gS\ the probability of it being a perfect square.
,d ckWDl eas 6 ls 50 rd la[;k okys dkMZ gSaA ckW
di M

1 1
(a) (b) ls ,d dkMZ ;kn`PN;k fudkyk tkrk gSA blds iw.kZ oxZ
16 4
gksus dh izkf;drk Kkr dhft,A
1 2
(c) (d) 1 2
17 13 (a) (b)
45 15
14. From a pack of 52 cards, Jacks, Queens, Kings
and aces of Red colour are removed. From the 4 1
(c) (d)
remaining cards a card is drawn at random. 45 9
Find the probability that the card drawn is 18. A bag contains 3 Red, 4 Yellow, 5 Blue balls.
a black Queen. A ball is selected at random from the bag. Find
52 rk'k dh ,d xîóh esa ls yky jax ds tSd] jkuh] the probability that the selected ball is blue.
A

jktk vkSj bDds gVk fn, tkrs gSaA 'ks"k iÙkksa esa ls,d,dFkSys eas 3 yky] 4 ihyh] 5 uhyh xsnsa gSaA FkSys
1 i Ùkk ;kn`fPNd :i ls fudkyk tkrk gSA çkf;drk ,d xsan ;kn`Pn;k pquh tkrh gSA izkf;drk Kkr dhft,
Kkr dhft, fd fudkyk x;k iÙkk dkyh jkuh dk gSA fd pquh xbZ xasn uhyh gSA
1 1 1 1
(a) (b) (a) (b)
44 22 4 3

5 3 5 1
(c) (d) (c) (d)
22 44 12 5

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19. If letter of the word RAMANUJAN are put in 20. A letter of English alphabet is chosen at
a box and one letter is drawn at random. random. What is the probability that it is a
Probability that the letter "A" is:- letter of the word 'MATHEMATICS'
;fn RAMANUJAN 'kCn ds v{kjksa dks ,d ckWDl esa vaxzsth o.kZekyk dk ,d v{kj ;kn`fPNd :i ls pquk
j[kk tkrk gS vkSj ;kn`fPNd :i ls ,d v{kj fudkyk tkr k g S A bldh D ; k iz kf; dr k g S fd ; g
tkrk gSA v{kj
"A" ds gksus dh izkf;drk
:- 'MATHEMATICS' 'kCn dk ,d v{kj gS\
3 1 4 9
(a) (b) (a) (b)
5 2 13 26

3 1 5 11
(c) (d) (c) (d)
7 3 13 26

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Answer Key

si
1. (I)3/4
an by (II)1

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2. (1)1/4 (II)1/2 (III)3/4
ja
R s
3. (I)1/8 (II)7/8 (III)3/8 (IV)7/8 (V)3/4
a th

4. (I)5/16
ty a

5. (I)163/256 (II)1/512 (III)251/256

di M

6. (I)1/6 (II)1/3 (III)0 (IV)1 (V)5/6

7. (I)1/2 (II)1/2 (II)1/3 (IV)1/3 (V)1/2 (VI)1/6

8. (I)1/6 (II)1/9 (III)5/36 (IV)5/36 (V)3/4 (VI)13/18 (VII)1/3

A

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