BIOLOGY SPM PAPER 2
ESSAY
QUESTIONS
COMPILATION BOOKLET
NO. DATE QUESTION
1 18 DECEMBER 2021 1&2
2 19 DECEMBER 2021 3&4
3 20 DECEMBER 2021 5&6
4 21 DECEMBER 2021 7&8
5 22 DECEMBER 2021 9 & 10
6 23 DECEMBER 2021 11 & 12
7 24 DECEMBER 2021 13 & 14
8 25 DECEMBER 2021 15 & 16
9 26 DECEMBER 2021 17 & 18
10 27 DECEMBER 2021 19 & 20
11 28 DECEMBER 2021 21 & 22
12 29 DECEMBER 2021 23 & 24
13 30 DECEMBER 2021 25 & 26
Exercise 1
Describe the structure of the plasma membrane based on the model proposed by S.J Singer
and G. Nicholson.
[10 marks]
1
10
11
12
Exercise 2
Diagram below shows a well-watered plant and the same plant a week after fertiliser was
added.
Based on your biological knowledge, explain what happened to the plant in the diagram
above.
[8 marks]
1
10
If the plant is watered immediately, explain what will happen.
[3 marks]
1
3
Exercise 3
The figure below shows a fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane.
X
Y
Z
Explain the functions of the structure X, Y and Z in the movement of substances across the
plasma membrane.
[4 marks]
1
Define the following terms:
a) Simple diffusion
b) Osmosis
c) Active transport
[6 marks]
1
6
Exercise 4
Diagram below shows a digestion of peptide by trypsin.
Products
Peptide
Trypsin
Based on the diagram above, explain how trypsin acts on peptide.
[5 marks]
1
6
Exercise 5
Graph below shows the optimum pH of pepsin and salivary amylase in the human alimentary
canal.
Pepsin Salivary
Rate of reaction amylase
Trypsin
Based on graph above, explain the reaction of pepsin and salivary amylase during digestion
1
8
Exercise 6
Diagram below shows a stage in meiosis in reproductive organ.
Describe the behaviour of the chromosomes during this stage that results in a new
combination of genes.
[4 marks]
1
4
Exercise 7
Diagram below shows a group of cells that is exposed to ultraviolet ray.
Normal Cancer
The exposure drives the cell cycle malfunctions. Based on the diagram above, describe
effects of the cell cycle malfunctions to the body.
[6 marks]
1
6
Exercise 8
Diagram below shows how the respiratory gases are transported in the human body.
Based on the diagram above, explain how the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes
place in the body cells.
[6 marks]
1
Describe the adaptations of the alveolus for gaseous exchange.
[4 marks]
1
4
Exercise 9
Diagram below shows the organs found in the mangrove trees which can grow at a swampy
seashore.
Explain the adaptive characteristics of these organs that enable the mangrove trees to survive
at the swampy seashore.
[10 marks]
1
10
Exercise 10
Explain why most plants cannot colonise and grow in the swamps.
[5 marks]
1
Exercise 11
Majlis Daerah Malim has planned to clear the mangrove swamp at Kampung P and develop it
as a recreational area. Discuss the effects of this project to the ecosystem.
[10 marks]
1
10
Exercise 12
Diagram below shows two varieties of moth, Biston betularia. One has pale, speckled wings,
whereas the other one of the same species has black wings.
Equal numbers of both varieties were released into a bush covered with tress with pale bark.
Predict which variety has higher estimated population.
[1 mark]
1
Explain your answer.
[2 marks]
1
Describe a method on how to estimate the population of moths.
[7 marks]
1
7
Exercise 13
Nitrogen is an important element to produce protein. Diagram below shows bacteria, animals,
and plants interactions in nitrogen cycle. Based on diagram above, explains the role of
bacteria and plants to supply protein to the animals.
10
11
Exercise 14
Diagram below shows part of the blood circulatory system and the lymphatic system in the
human body.
Explain the differences between the composition of fluid P and fluid Q.
[4 marks]
1
Describe how fluid Q is formed from blood until it is brought back into the blood circulatory
system.
[6 marks]
1
7
Exercise 15
Diagram below shows a human circulatory system. Based on diagram below, explain how the
respiratory gases being transported in human body.
[10 marks]
10
11
12
Exercise 16
Give definition of antigen and antibody. Explain briefly the mechanism used by antibody to
protect our body against disease.
[4 marks]
1
Aminah was shocked when a doctor told that her baby has been diagnosed with Hepatitis B.
She explained to the doctor that her baby already got her first immunisation for Hepatitis B
last month. Based on your biological knowledge, explain why this incident occurs.
[6 marks]
1
6
Exercise 17
Based on diagram above, name and explain how the structures play its role in defence
mechanism.
[10 marks]
1
10
Exercise 18
Explain how osteoporosis and osteoarthritis happen and state how the disease can be
prevented.
[10 marks]
1
10
Exercise 19
Diagram below shows a gymnast in action.
State the roles of the gymnast’s cerebellum and medulla oblongata in enabling her to carry
out this activity.
[4 marks]
1
4
Exercise 20
Diagram below shows a finger being stung by a bee.
White matter Grey matter
ganglion
Muscle V
Muscle W Direction
of impulses
Describe the reflex action that takes place.
[6 marks]
1
6
Exercise 21
Diagram below shows a structure of a unit of a nephron.
Explain the structure and the role of the nephron.
[6 marks]
1
Explain the consequences of kidney failure.
[4 marks]
1
4
Exercise 22
Describe how urine is produced.
[10 marks]
1
10
Exercise 23
Diagram below shows the development of human zygote.
Describe the processes which occurred from P to Q.
[4 marks]
1
Pregnant women are advised not to smoke and avoid from drugs and alcohol
Explain the above statement.
[6 marks]
1
6
Exercise 24
Blood group and height are variations seen in human. Describe the differences between these
two variations.
[4 marks]
1
Explain the causes of variation in the inheritance of blood group in human.
[6 marks]
1
6
A man who had blood group A and his wife who has blood group B gives birth to a child with
blood group O.
By using a schematic diagram, show how the above statement is possible.
[10 marks]
Exercise 25
Genetic engineering can be used to produce large quantities of substances which are importance
for humans and animals. For example, the production of insulin. Bovine somatotrophine is used
commercially to increase milk production in cows and mass of beef cattle. BST production has
a similar process of insulin production. Based on the above statement, explain how the BST
can be produced by genetic engineering.
[10 marks]
1
10
Genetic engineering is a technique whereby the content of an organism is manipulated.
Evaluate the contributions of genetic engineering by stating its advantages and disadvantages.
[10 marks]
1
10
Exercise 26
Diagram below shows the profile of two pairs of twins.
A B P Q
A and B are identical twins whereas P and Q are fraternal twins.
Explain the differences between the two pairs of twins based on the following aspects:
• The formation of the twins
• Characteristics of the twins
[4 marks]
1
Transfer of genes or DNA from organism to another organism plays an important role in
genetic engineering.
Explain how this method is used to produce insulin.
[6 marks]
1
6
The probability of getting a son or a daughter is the same
Explain the above statement.
[10 marks]
1
10
