ANOOPA T V ,GRFTVHSS THEVARA
BOTANY
Q 1. Specimen A
T S of Dicot Stem
1.Vascular bundles are conjoint and collateral.
2.Xylem is endarch.
3.Cuticle is present ................................. Hence it is a stem
4.Ground tissue is differentiated into cortex,medullary rays and pith.
5.Vascular bundles are arranged in a ring.
6.Vascular bundles are open.
7.Pith is well developed. ........................Hence it is a dicot.
Identification
The given specimen is a dicot stem.
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T S of Monocot Stem
1.Vascular bundles are conjoint and collateral.
2.Xylem is endarch.
3.Cuticle is present ................................. Hence it is a stem
4.Ground tissue is not differentiated.
5.Vascular bundles are numerous and scattered.
6.Vascular bundles are closed.
7.Pith is absent. ........................................Hence it is a monocot.
Identification
The given specimen is a monocot stem.
T S of Monocot root
1.Unicellular root hairs are present.
2.Cortex is homogenous.
3.Xylem is exarch.
4.Vascular tissues are radially arranged.................... Hence it is a root.
5.Xylem tissues are numerous.
6.Xylem vessels are round in shape.
7.Pith is large.
.....................Hence it is a monocot.
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Identification
The given specimen is a monocot root.
Q 2. Specimen B
a)Fern sporophyll
Leaf bearing sporangia in the lower surface.
b) Pinus female cone
Female cones are larger than male cones.It consists of many
megasporophylls.
Fern Sporophyll Pinus female cone
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Specimen C
a) Bt Cotton is a genetically modified cotton plant resistant to insects.The
soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis produce crystal protein (cry
protein) that are toxic to the larvae of insects.
b) Cloning vector – are vehicles used to transfer a gene from one cell to
another.It has an origin of replication(ori), selectable markers and
cloning sites.Tet R and Amp R are selectable markers.
c) Bioreactor are vessels in which raw materials are biologically
converted into specific products in a large scale.
Q 3 Specimen D
Mitosis -Metaphase
1. Nuclear membrane and nucleolus completely disappears.
2. Chromosomes are arranged in the equatorial plane.
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Mitosis – Anaphase
1.The spindle fibres gradually shorten and the chromatids separate and
move towards their respective poles.
Q4.Specimen E Physiology Experiment
Hydrilla experiment
Aim : To demonstrate the evolution of oxygen during
photosynthesis.
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Paper chromatography
Aim:
To separate chloroplast pigments from chloroplast extract by
paper chromatography.
Q 5.Specimen F
Solanaceae
Calyx : Sepals 5,gamosepalous, valvate
Corolla : Petals 5,gamopetalous, twisted
Androecium : Stamens 5,epipetalous.
Gynoecium : Bicarpellary,Syncarpous,Ovary superior.
Q6. Specimen G (Ecological Interacion)
a)Mutualism Eg:- Lichen
Lichen consists of an alga and a fungus.The alga produces
food,the fungus protects the alga,absorbs water and minerals and
attaches the alga to the substratum.
b)Commensalism Eg:- Vanda
Vanda is an epiphyte. The epiphyte is benefitted but it does not
harm the tree.It gets better sunlight and can absorb water from
atmospheric moisture by velamen roots.
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c)Parasitism Eg:- Loranthus / Cuscuta
Loranthus is a partial stem parasite.The adventitious roots are
modified into haustoria.The haustoria penetrate into the body of
the host and absorb food.
Q 7.Specimen H
T S of Anther
ZOOLOGY
Q1.Invertebrates
1.HYDRA
Body is cylindrical.
Radially symmetrical.
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2.FASCIOLA(liver fluke)
Body is dorsoventrally flattened.
Presence of sucker.
3.PHERETIMA(earth worm)
The body is metamerically segmented.
Moist skin.
4.APIS (Honey bee)
Joined appendages.
Produce honey and bee wax.
5.PILA (Pond snail)
Soft bodied covered by calcareous shell.
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6.ASTERIAS (star fish)
Spiny skinned.
Tube feet for locomotion.
Q2.Vertebrates
1.ROHU
Bony fish.
Cycloid scales present.
2.RANA (frog)
Moist skin.
Two pairs of limbs.
3. Calotes (Garden lizard)
Dry skin with scales.
Capable of changing colour to suit the
surroundings.
4. PIGEON
Presence of feathers.
Forelimbs are modified into wings.
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5. RABBIT
The body is covered by soft white hairs.Head
bears a pair of long pinnae,
a pair of anterior nostrils and mouth.
Q3.Muscle Tissues
1. Striated muscle
2.Smooth muscle
3.Cardiac muscle
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Q4. Models
1.Brain
Cerebellum -Control equilibrium and posture of the body.
2.Kidney
Renal capsule -Protection of kidney.
3.Heart
Pulmonary artery-Carries deoxygenated blood from right ventricle
to the body.
4.Lungs
Provides a large surface for exchange of CO2 and O2 between air
and blood.
5.Ear
Semi circular canals: Maintain balance.
Q5. JOINTS
1.Ball and Socket joint.
Freely movable joint.
Eg:-Shoulder joint
2.Hinge joint.
Allows movement of bone in one plane only.
Eg:- Knee joint.
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Q6
1.Digestive System of Cockroach
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2.Viscera of frog
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3.Homologous organs:Homologous organs are organs which have
different functions but have similar structures. They have common origin.
They show divergent evolution.
4.Analogus organs:Organs which have same function but differ in
structure. They do not have any common ancestor. They show
convergent evolution.
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Q7. Test for Glucose
Sample A : Procedure
Experiment Observation Inference
Benedict’s test- Orange yellow Presence of glucose.
Take a little of given precipitate.
solution in a test
tube.Add one or two
drops of benedict
reagent to it and boil.
Sample B : Procedure
Experiment Observation Inference
Benedict’s test- No reaction Absence of glucose.
Take a little of given
solution in a test
tube.Add one or two
drops of benedict
reagent to it and boil.
Result :
The given sample A contain glucose.
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Test for Starch
Sample A : Procedure
Experiment Observation Inference
Iodine test- Blue black colour. Presence of starch.
Take a little of given
solution in a test
tube.Add one or two
drops of Leugol’s
iodine to it .
Sample B : Procedure
Experiment Observation Inference
Iodine test- No reaction Absence of starch.
Take a little of given
solution in a test
tube.Add one or two
drops of Leugol’s
iodine to it .
Result
The given sample A contain starch.
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Test for protein
Sample A : Procedure
Experiment Observation Inference
Sulphosalicylic acid Cloudy white Presence of protein.
test- precipitate.
Take a little of given
solution in a test
tube.Add one or two
drops of sulphosalicylic
acid to it .
Sample B : Procedure
Experiment Observation Inference
Sulphosalicylic acid No reaction Absence of protein.
test-
Take a little of given
solution in a test
tube.Add one or two
drops of sulphosalicylic
acid to it .
Result
The given sample A contain protein.
Q8.
1.Cheek epithelium cells
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2. Blood cells
9.Pathogen
1.Pathogen – Ascaris
Disease – Ascariasis
Symptom – Colic pain,impaired
digestion,diarrhoea and vomiting.
2.Pathogen – Plasmodium
Disease – Malaria
Symptom -Peridic reappearance of high fever accompanied with
chilling and
shivering.
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3.Pathogen – Entamoeba
Disease –Amoebiasis
Symptom – Abdominal pain,repeated motions with fluid faecal
matter with blood and mucus.
Q 10. Embryology
1.T S of Testis
2.T S of Ovary
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3.T S of Blastula
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