International Journal of Thermofluids

Numerical Computation of Non-linear Natural

Convection Flow of Micro-polar Nano-Fluids over
Non-Isothermal Cylinder with Activation Energy and
Chemical Reaction
--Manuscript Draft--

Manuscript Number: IJTF-D-24-00025

Full Title: Numerical Computation of Non-linear Natural

Convection Flow of Micro-polar Nano-Fluids over
Non-Isothermal Cylinder with Activation Energy and
Chemical Reaction

Article Type: Full Length Article

Keywords: Nonlinear convection flow; Activation energy; Chemical reaction; Micropolar

fluid; Non-Isothermal cylinder.

Abstract: The purpose of this article is to analysis the impacts of Eckert, activation energy,
chemical
reaction, surface temperature along with heat flux on edge sheet flow of nonlinear
convection stream of micro-polar nano-fluid past non-isothermal cylinder. The
mathematical
modeling for the stream trouble has been created by suitable likeness change with
dimensionless variables. The major nonlinear limit importance problems were
simplified
to mixed high regulate nonlinear ordinary degree of difference equations. The
equations
were computed by using the idea bvp4c from matlab software for many amount of
major
constraints. Impacts of the constraints on velocities, concentration distribution, surface
temperature and heat flux are examined and put on view from side to side the
diagrams
and charts. The junction examination has been sustained; For digit of spots superior
than
apposite mesh digit of spots, the exactitude isn’t affected. Also, a comparison with
previous
study reachable in writing has been reported and an outstanding concurrence is got.
Acquiring demonstrate that enhancing in the values of surface temperature constraints
F
is to improve thermal diffusion that improve temperature distributions θ(η) Whereas the
surface heat flux parameter H allows to reduce in heat flux distribution h(η) .

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1
2
3
4
5
Numerical Computation of Non-linear Natural
6
7 Convection Flow of Micro-polar Nano-Fluids over
8
9 Non-Isothermal Cylinder with Activation Energy and
10
11
12
Chemical Reaction
13
14 Chaluma Zemedu and Wubshet Ibrahim*
15
16 Department of Mathematics, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia
17
18
Email:[email protected], Tel.+251911892494
19
20
21
January 12, 2024
22
23
24
25
Abstract
26
27 The purpose of this article is to analysis the impacts of Eckert, activation energy, chem-
28
29 ical reaction, surface temperature along with heat flux on edge sheet flow of nonlinear
30 convection stream of micro-polar nano-fluid past non-isothermal cylinder. The mathemat-
31 ical modeling for the stream trouble has been created by suitable likeness change with
32 dimensionless variables. The major nonlinear limit importance problems were simplified
33 to mixed high regulate nonlinear ordinary degree of difference equations. The equations
34
35
were computed by using the idea bvp4c from matlab software for many amount of major
36 constraints. Impacts of the constraints on velocities, concentration distribution, surface
37 temperature and heat flux are examined and put on view from side to side the diagrams
38 and charts. The junction examination has been sustained; For digit of spots superior than
39 apposite mesh digit of spots, the exactitude isn’t affected. Also, a comparison with previ-
40
41
ous study reachable in writing has been reported and an outstanding concurrence is got.
42 Acquiring demonstrate that enhancing in the values of surface temperature constraints F
43 is to improve thermal diffusion that improve temperature distributions θ (η) Whereas the
44 surface heat flux parameter H allows to reduce in heat flux distribution h(η) .
45
46
Keywords: Nonlinear convection flow; Activation energy; Chemical reaction; Micro-
47
48 polar fluid; Non-Isothermal cylinder.
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60 * Corresponding author,E-mail: [email protected] , Tel +251911892494
61
62
63 1
64
65
 Nomenclature
1
2 A Activation energy pameter p dimensionless stream function
3 −1
4 a Momentum jump factor (m ) Pr Prandtl number
5 b Radius of cylinder,( m) qw heat flux (W m−2
6 Cf , skin friction coefficient R Chemical reaction parameter
7 −1 −1
8
cp specific heat (JKg K ) Sc Schmidt number
9 c thermal jump factor (m−1 ) T temperature of the fluid (K)
10 d Tw
Thermal non linear convection parameter wall temperature (K)
11 Ec Eckert number T∞ ambient temperature(K)
12
13 F, H u, v
Non-isothermal parameter (power index) velocity elements (ms−1 )
14 f x, y
Pollutant non linear convection parameter cartesian coordinates (m)
15 Gr Thermal Grashof number Greeks
16
G2 Micro rotation slip parameter α Dimensionless stream wise coordinate
17
18 G1 Velocity slip parameter β Temperature difference
19 G3 temperature slip arameter η dimensionless similarity variable
20 G4 heat flux slip parameter θ dimensionless temperature
21
22 h dimensionless heat flux µ coeff. of dynamic viscosity(Pas)
23 j Micro inertia density κ vortex viscosity coefficient(Pas)
24 K −1
thermal conductivity (W m K ) ν−1 kinematic viscosity coeff.
25 L dimensionless micro rotation velocity
ψ stream functions(m2 s−1 )
26
27 M Micro rotation at surface ρ fluid density(Kgm−3 )
28 mw Wall couple stress ϕ spin -gradient viscosity(m2 s−1 )
29 N1,N3 Thermal and pollutant linear coeffs.τw surface shear stress(pa)
30
31
N2 Thermal nonlinear volumetric expansion
λ microrotation constraint
32 N4 Pollutant non linear volumetric expansion
Subscripts
33 Nu local Nusselt number ∞ states at the free stream
34 Nb Brownian motion parameter w state at the wall
35
36 Nt Thermoohoresis parameter
37
38
39 1 Introduction
40
41
The study of heat shift has drawn some researchers as result of its appeal to some technological,
42
43 various engineering and manufacturing growth for example glass making, paper industrialized
44 , the drawing of a polymer sheet, cooling of metallic plate in bath etc. Pabst [1] has discussed
45 the physical importance of material constraint and the decrement of their number because of
46
47
symmetry. Moreover, the flow parts in the occurrence of a micro-polar fluid are, indicating a
48 declining behaviour in the flow compared to the velocity components Calmelet and Majumdar
49 [2]. The micro-polar constraints possess a low consequence on start of convection inside holey
50 medium; Enlarging the combining number in micro-polar fluid slows down the flow velocity
51
52 and increases the angular velocity as presented by Reena and Rena et al.[3] and Gajjela et
53 al.[4].
54 Machireddy[5] and Shah et al. [6] have reported that the increasing behaviour of transient,
55
56
radial and tangential velocities are performed with Grashoff number and rotation constraint.
57 The enhancing behavior of thermal field performed with improve the magnitudes of Eckert
58 number, and thermal relaxation time constraint while the reduction character of it functioned
59 as explained by Reddy et al.[7, 8] and Sherzad et al.[9]. Salleh as well as Nazar [10] have
60
61
62
63 2
64
65
 studied the combined convection edge sheet stream beginning solid sphere with thermal radia-
1
2
tion impact and Newtonian roasting in MHD flow micropolar fluid. Wubshet and Shanker [11]
3 have informed the manipulates of magnetic area and thermal radiation on nanofluid past non-
4 isothermal ball along extending layer by non-isothermal wall temperature in addition to non-
5 isothermal thermal fluctuation. Recently, Wubshet and Chaluma [12–14] have been looked
6
7 into that raising in thermal nonlinear convection demonstrates the boosting feature on Nusselt
8 number, skin friction coefficient, velocity fields close the outside of sphere, disk and cylinder
9 while it reveals the falling behaviour on thermal field. This corollary happen as a result of
10 advanced density of the fluid which concerns to lower the momentum diffusion and advanced
11
12 thermal diffusion close wall of sphere, disk with cylinder
13 All the above quoted papers have been presenting the current past a flat surface, isother-
14 mal sphere,disk, cylinder. In spite of this, we look at the nonlinear natural convection run of
15
16
micro polar flowing onwards non-isothermal cylinder within the existence of Eckert number,
17 non-isothermal indexes for each unit side, using method bvp4c from matlab. Moreover, novel
18 activation energy and chemical reaction are taken into account. The effects of natural con-
19 straints on flowing velocity,angular, heat, pollutant were presented with revealed in diagrams
20
21 as well as charts.
22
23
24 2 Mathematical Formulation
25
26
27 Take into consideration a two measurement independent of time frontier layer flow of a gluey
28 micro-polar fluid above a non-isothermal cylinder with constant radius b. Presume a non-
29 isothermal surface temperature Tw (= T∞ + △ T ) of cylinder is deduced hotter than at far tem-
30 perature of the fluid. The temperature at faraway is T∞ . The organize x as well as y are selected
31
32 such as x events the distance toward the circumference of the cylinder from the lower point
33 and y events the distance usual to the wall of the cylinder along radial as revealed in the Fig. 1.
34
35
36
37
38
39
g
40
41 Gravity
42
43
44
b
45
46
47 r(x)
48 Y

49 X
50
51
52
53
54 Fig. 1: Physical and coordinates system
55
56
57 Subsequently, Amanulla. et al.[15] the degree of difference equations showing the way
58
59
this problems are prearranged as:
60
61
62
63 3
64
65
 1
2 ∂ (ur) ∂ (vr)
3 + =0 (1)
4
∂x ∂y
5 2
6 u ∂∂ ux + v ∂∂ uy = (ν + κρ ) ∂∂ yu2 + ρκ ∂∂My + g(N1(T − T∞ ) + N2(T − T∞ )2 ) sin( bx )+
7
8 x
9 g(N3(C −C∞ ) + N4(C −C∞ )2 )) sin( ), (2)
10 b
11 ∂M ∂M 2
ϕ ∂ M κ ∂u
12 u +v = 2
− (2M + ) (3)
13 ∂x ∂y ρ j ∂y ρj ∂y
14
15 ∂T ∂T κ ∂ 2T ∂C∂ T ∂T 2 ν ∂u 2
u +v = 2
+ γ(DB ) + γDT ( ) + ( ) , (4)
16 ∂x ∂y ρc p ∂ y ∂ y∂ y ∂y cp ∂ y
17
18 ∂C ∂C T −Ea DB ∂ 2C DT ∂ 2 T
19 u +v + kr2 (C −C∞)( )n exp( ∗ ) = + . (5)
∂x ∂y T∞ k T ∂ y2 T∞ ∂ y2
20
21 by means of limit states
22
23 u = a ∂∂ uy , u = a ∂∂ ux , v = 0,
24
25 ∂u ∂M ∂C ∂C
26 M = −λ , M = −λ ,C = Cw + e ,C = Cw + e , ony = 0 (6)
27 ∂y ∂x ∂y ∂x
28 u → u∞ , M → 0,C → C∞ , asy → ∞. (7)
29
30 The thermal limit states are:
31
32 1. The arranged wall temperature (AST)
33
34 F
35 T = Tw + c ∂∂Ty = T∞ + xb + c ∂∂Ty , T = Tw + c ∂∂Tx , on y=0.
36
37 T → T∞ , asy → ∞. (8)
38
39
40 2. The arranged heat flux(AHF)
41
42 xH xH
−K ∂∂Ty = qw = b + c ∂∂Ty , −K ∂∂Ty = b + c ∂∂Tx , on y=0.
43
44
45 T → T∞ , asy → ∞. (9)
46
47 Here are u and v, the elements of velocity in the x as wall as y axes correspondingly, a, c and
48
49 e mean velocity, thermal with pollutant slip factors, in that order. M denotes the module of
50 angular velocity habitual to the xy flat surface. λ denotes a uniform that lies between 0 and 1.
51 When λ = 0, the intensity of particles are thicken which the micro-elements in the adjacent of
52
the wall aren’t able to revolve, when λ = 12 , the anti-symmetric element of the stress tensor is
53
54 departure which represents for puny strength. The way λ = 1 used for developing the turbulent
2
55 limit layer flows. µ, ρ, ν = µρ , c p , j = √bGr , ϕ = (µ + κ2 ) j ,κ,T, K, Cw (= C∞ + △ C) and
56
57 Tw (= T∞ + △ T ) are the coefficient of fluid viscosity, the density, kinematic viscosity, specific
58 heat, micro inertia for each unit size, spin gradient, vortex viscosity, temperature, conductivity
59 of the fluid, transformable temperature and pollutant on outside, here, △ T and △ C denote
60
61
constants which provide the rate of augmentation of temperature and pollutant alongside the
62
63 4
64
65
 surface plus T∞ ,C∞ , g mean the uniform temperature, pollutant of the free stream, g is the
1 2 2
2 acceleration due to gravity, ∇ρ
ρ (= N1(T − T∞ ) + N2(T − T∞ ) + N3(C − C∞ ) + N4(C − C∞ ) ,
3 N1,N2, N3 and N4 are linear and nonlinear coefficient of thermal and pollutant volumetric
4 growth. n = [-1,1] is the fitted rate stable, exp. represents exponential function, Ea is the
5
activation energy, k∗ stands for Stefan Boltzmann stable, kr is the chemical reaction rate . Here
6
7 the relation will be non-linear density temperature (NDT) modify. Let r(x) = b sin( bx ) be the
8 radial remoteness from the symmetrical axis to the outside of the sphere.
9 From Amanulla. et al.[15] the dimensionless changes are:
10 1
(Gr) 4
11 α = bx , η = b y, r = r∗
b, p= ψ
1 ,
12 να(Gr) 4
13
14 b2 C −C∞
15
L= 3 M, Φ = . (10)
να(Gr) 4 Cw −C∞
16
17 On behalf of thermal limit states, we take into account non-dimensional measures as next:
18
19 (a) On behalf of arranged wall hotness, F is the surface hotness stricture, Tw represents the
20 hotness at near surface and b isn’t change. Non-dimension hotness in AST could be
21
22 T − T∞
23 θ= (11)
Tw − T∞
24
25 xF
here Tw − T∞ = b
26
27 (b) On behalf of arranged heat flux AHF, the wall heat fluctuation is taken to changeable with
28
29 radial remoteness r(x) beginning the symmetrical axis to the cylinder wall also we create
30 the dimensionless hotness by
31 T − T∞
32 h= (12)
Tw − T∞
33
34 H
35 here Tw − T∞ = ( xK )( b
1 ), H is the surface heat flux parameter.
Gr 4
36
∂ rψ
37 The permanence equation could be joint by producing a run function ψ(x, y) as ur = ∂y ,
38
39 vr = − ∂∂rψ
x . That fulfills equation Eq. (1). Consequently, Eqs. 2 to 4 can be written in nonlinear
40 system of PDEs as:
41
42 (a) On behalf of AST case
43
(1 + s)p′′′ + sL′ + (θ + dθ 2 ) sin(α) Gm 2 sin(α) ′ 2
α + Gr (Φ + f Φ ) α − (p ) +
44
45
46 ∂ p ′′ ∂ p′ ′
47 α(cot(α)pp′ +
p − p ) + pp′′ = 0 (13)
48 ∂α ∂α
49 s ′′ ∂ p ′ ∂L ′
50 (1 + )L − s(2L + p′′ ) − p′ L + α(cot(α)pL′ + L− p ) + pL′ = 0 (14)
51
2 ∂α ∂α
52
53 ∂ p ′ ∂θ ′
54 θ ′′ +Pr(α(αEc(p′′ )2 +cot(α)pθ ′ + pθ ′ +
θ − p )−F p′ θ +Nt(θ ′ )2 +NbΦ′ θ ′ ) = 0
55 ∂α ∂α
56 (15)
1 ′′ Nt ′′ ∂ p ∂ Φ −A
57 Φ + θ +(1+α cot(α))Φ′ p+α Φ′ −α p′ −RΦ(β θ +1)n exp( ) = 0,
58 Sc NbSc ∂α ∂α βθ +1
59 (16)
60
61
Lead to the boundary conditions
62
63 5
64
65
 ∂ θ (0)
at η = 0 : p′ (0) = G1p′′ (0), ∂ ∂p(0) ′
α = 0, θ (0) = 1 + G3θ (0), ∂ α =
1 1
2 −F + (Gr 4 − FG3)θ ′ (0), L(0) = −λ p′′ (0), ∂ ∂L(0) ′′
α = G2p (0), Φ(0) =
3
4
1 + G5Φ′ (0), ∂ Φ(0)
∂ α = Gr
1/4 Φ′ (0),

5
6 asη → ∞ : p′ = 0, θ = 0, L = 0, (17)
7
8 (b) For AHF case
9
10 ∂ p ′ ∂h ′
11 h′′ +Pr(α(αEc(p′′ )2 +cot(α)ph′ + ph′ + h− p )−H p′ h+Nt(θ ′ )2 +NbΦ′ θ ′ ) = 0
12 ∂α ∂α
13 (18)
14 Lead to the limit states
15
1
16 at η = 0 : h′ (0) = −G4, ∂∂αh = Gr 4 h′ (0) − H
α h(0)
17
18
19 asη → ∞ : h = 0, (19)
20
21 Where, (′ ,′′ ,′′′ ) tolerate degree of difference with esteem to η, α = x
b means Dimensionless
22 aGr1/4 cGr1/4 K
23 stream-wise coordinate, G1 = b , G2 = λ (α − b), G3 = b , and G4 = K+c , G5 =
24 eGr1/4
25 b are velocity, micro rotation, thermal, and pollutant slip parameters correspondingly.
3
w −T∞ )
26 s = µ , is material parameter, Gr = b gN1(T
κ
ν2
denotes the ratio of the buoyancy forces arise
27
from hotness disparity to the gluey force times inertia force to gluey force known as thermal
28 3
w −C∞ )
29 Grashof numbers, Gp = b gN3(C ν2
epitomizes the ratio of the buoyancy force arise from
30 pollutant change to the gluey force and Reynolds number labeled as solutal Grashof quantity,
31 w −T∞ )
32 d = N2(TN1 N4
and f = N3 (Cw −C∞ ) is thermal and pollutant non linear convection parameters.
33 We note that for d = f = 0, the flow of Eq. (13) becomes linear convective micro polar
34 3
ρνc p ν ν 2 Gr 4 ν2
35 fluid. Pr = K is Prandtl number, Sc = DB is Schmidt number, Ec = c p b3 xH
= c p jK(Tw −T∞ )
36 ν 2 Gr
37 is Eckert number for AHT and Ec = c p b2 xF
= gN1
c p is the ratio of
the product of the Eckert
38 and the square root of Grashoff numbers to the micro-inertia per unit mass or modified Eckert
39 number for AST, F and H stand for power index of terms in non-isothermal surface;Nb =
40 (ρc) p DB (ρc) p DT (k√ 2
r b)
41 (ρc) ν (Cw −C∞ ) stands for Brownian motion constraint, Nt = (ρc) T∞ ν (Tw − T∞ ), R = ν Gr
f f
42
43 is the reaction constraint, β = △T Ea
T∞ is the temperature difference A = k∗ T∞ denotes the activation
44 energy constraint.
45 It can be expressed that the lower position of the cylinder α ≈ 0, Eqs. 12 to 17abridged to
46
47
the subsequent non linear system of ordinary differential equations.
48 (a) For AST case
49
50 Gm
51
(1 + s)p′′′ + sL′ + (θ + dθ 2 ) + (Φ + f Φ2 ) − (p′ )2 + pp′′ = 0 (20)
Gr
52
53 s
54
(1 + )L′′ − s(2L + p′′ )p′ L + pL′ = 0 (21)
2
55
56 θ ′′ + Pr(−F p′ θ + Nt(θ ′ )2 + NbΦ′ θ ′ ) = 0 (22)
57
1 ′′ Nt ′′ −A
58 Φ + θ + Φ′ p − RΦ(β θ + 1)n exp( ) = 0, (23)
59 Sc NbSc βθ +1
60
61
Subject to the boundary conditions
62
63 6
64
65
 at η = 0 : p′ (0) = G1p′′ (0), θ (0) = 1 + G3θ ′ (0), L(0) = −λ p′′ (0)
1
2 asη → ∞ : p′ = 0, θ = 0, L = 0, (24)
3
4 (b) For AHF case
5
6
7 h′′ + Pr(−H p′ h + Nt(h′ )2 + NbΦ′ h′ ) = 0 (25)
8
9 Lead to the limit states
10
11 at η = 0 : h′ (0) = −G4
12
13 asη → ∞ : h = 0, (26)
14
15 The important natural quantities of interest in this problem are: C f ,wall couple stress mw ,
16 and the Nusselt number Nu as:
17
18
τw
C f = ρ(u w)
, Nu = κ(Twq−T
w
∞)
,
19
20 κ ∂M
21 mw = −(ν + ) j( ) y = 0). (27)
22
2ρ ∂y (
23
24 Where,τw = (µ + κ)( ∂∂ uy )( y = 0) + κ(M)0 , qw = −K(( ∂∂Ty ))),
25 Following the non dimensional variables (9-11) as well as boundary conditions (17), the re-
26
27
duced skin friction coefficient C f , wall couple stress mw , and the Nusselt number Nu are
28 √
29 ′′ 1+s−λ ′ mw j
j = −θ ′ (0) = −h′ (0).
p
30
p (0) = j 1 , −L (0) = 1 , Nu (28)
2 2 s
31
a αGr c f
4 ν α(1 + 2 )Gr 4

32
33
34 3 Numerical Result
35
36 The numerical solutions of natural constraints are established following the function bvp4c
37 from matlab software which is unchanging difference code that formulates genuine the three-
38
39 phase Lobatto IIIa formulation. Two phases to be apt for the function bvp4c from matlab are:
40
41 1. Initially, Eqs. 12 to 17 are translated to a scheme of first-order equations.
42
43 2. Then, set up a boundary value problem (bvp) plus be relevant the bvp solver in matlab
44 to solve this system.
45
46 obtaining on a fitting finite value for the far area boundary state, i.e, η → ∞, say η∞ = 7 and
47
48 the step-size is taking in account as △η = 0.01; also correctness to the fifth decimal place as
49 the degree of convergence. By calculating the BVP using matlab, bvp4c has only three point
50 of outlooks: a purpose ODEs for calculation of the remaining in the boundary states, further a
51
developing solint that gives a conjecture for a net. Order differential equations are controlled
52
53 exactly as in the Matlab IVP solvers. Further explanation on the process of bvp4c is obtained
54 in the book by Shampine et al.[16].
55 Let ya(1) = p, ya(2) = p′ , ya(3) = p′′ , ya(4) = L, ya(5) = L′ , ya(6) = θ , ya(7) = θ ′ ,
56 ′
57 ya(8) = Φ, ya(9) = Φ′ ,ya(10) = ∂∂ αp , ya(11) = ∂∂ αp , ya(12) = ∂∂ αL , ya(13) = ∂∂ αθ , ya(14) = ∂∂ Φ
α
58 and ′
59 y=[p, p′ , p′′ , L, L′ , θ , θ ′ , Φ, Φ′ , ∂∂ αp , ∂∂ αp , ∂∂ αL , ∂∂ αθ , ∂∂ Φ T
α ] gives,
60
61
62
63 7
64
65
 1
2
 
ya(2)
3
4

 ya(3) 

5  (1/(1 + s)) ∗ (ya(2) ∗ ya(2) − (ya(3) + B ∗ ya(2)) ∗ ya(1) + D ∗ (ya(11) ∗ ya(2)− 
 
6    ya(10) ∗ ya(3)) − s ∗ ya(5) − (ya(6) + d ∗ ya(6) ∗ ya(6)+ 
7 ya(1)  
 ya(2)  
 (Gp/Gr) ∗ (ya(8) + f ∗ ya(8) ∗ ya(8))) ∗C) 
8 
9
  
 ya(3)   yaa(5) 

10   
 ya(4)   (1/(1 + 0.5 ∗ s)) ∗ (ya(4) ∗ ya(2) + s ∗ (2 ∗ ya(4) + ya(3)) − ya(1) ∗ ya(5)− 

11   
 ya(5)   B ∗ ya(1) ∗ ya(5) − D ∗ (ya(10) ∗ ya(5) − ya(12) ∗ ya(2))) 
12 
  
 ya(6)   ya(7) 
13 
14
   −Pr ∗ (ya(1) ∗ ya(7) + B ∗ ya(1) ∗ ya(7) + D ∗ (ya(10) ∗ ya(7) − ya(13) ∗ ya(2)− 
d  ya(7)  
   
15 = D ∗ Ec ∗ ya(3) ∗ ya(3)) − H ∗ ya(6) ∗ ya(2) + Nt ∗ ya(7) ∗ ya(7) + Nb ∗ ya(7) ∗ ya(9))
16 dη  ya(8)   
  
 ya(9)   ya(9) 
17 
18
  
ya(10)  −(Nt/Nb) ∗ (−Pr ∗ (ya(1) ∗ ya(7) + B ∗ ya(1) ∗ ya(7) + D ∗ (ya(10) ∗ ya(7) 

19    −ya(13) ∗ ya(2) − D ∗ Ec ∗ ya(3) ∗ ya(3)) − H ∗ ya(6) ∗ ya(2) + Nt ∗ ya(7) ∗ ya(7)+ 
ya(11)  
20   
ya(12)  Nb ∗ ya(7) ∗ ya(9))) − Sc ∗ ((1 + B) ∗ ya(9) ∗ ya(1) + D ∗ (ya(10) ∗ ya(9)− 

21    ya(14) ∗ ya(2)) − R ∗ ya(8) ∗ (b ∗ ya(6) + 1) n ∗ exp(−A/(b ∗ ya(6) + 1))) 
22 ya(13)  
23
 ya(10) 
ya(14)  
24 
 ya(11) 

25  ya(12) 
26
 
27
 ya(13) 
28 ya(14)
29 (29)
30
31
32
33
4 Outcome with Discussion
34
35 In this subsection, it is presented the effect got by developing numerical way for the problem
36 under kindness for each flow areas.
37
38
39 4.1 Velocity and micro-rotation Profiles
40
41 The impact of Gr, Gp, d, f, A, λ , Ec and R on non dimensional velocities p′ (η), and L(η) are
42
43 shown in Fig. 2-Fig. 11. Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, show that enlarge values of Gr and Gp decrease
44 the kinematic viscosity of the fluid which reduce the opposition to flow the fluid that cause
45 increase the flow of the fluid p′ (η) within the boundary layer for parameter Gr, in the interval
46 (0 ≤ η ≤ 0.03726) for Gp; but it is decreasing function when η is in (0.03726, ∞) for the
47
48 increment values of Gp. Moreover, the flow of the fluid is concave downward within the
49 boundary layer as the amount of Ec boosted as seen in the Fig. 6. But, the micro rotation
50 profile exhibits enhancing behavior within the boundary layer of it for improving values of
51
52
Ec as seen in Fig. 8 also, it possesses positive value which shows the flow rotate in anti-
53 clockwise direction. This effect happens due to the increment of fluid kinematic viscosity
54 which falls the fluid flow and raises the rotation of fluid. Furthermore, Fig. 4,Fig. 5and Fig. 7
55 reveal that increase values of f, d and A increase the nonlinear coefficient of thermal, pollutant
56
57 volumetric growth and activation energy of the fluid which raise the fluid flow within the
58 velocity boundary layer.
59 Fig. 9, Fig. 10, and Fig. 11, indicate that improve values of A, R and λ grow up the
60
amount of energy which is use for the activation of molecules of matter to begin chemical
61
62
63 8
64
65
 reaction which reduce micro rotation profile L(η). Also, it is markable that the curve of L(η)
1
2
is concave upward for enhancement value of chemical reaction constraint R.
10-5
3 4.5
Gr = 0.1
4 4 Gr = 0.12 3.5
10-5

5 Gr = 0.13
Gr = 0.14
Gp = 0.1
3.5 Gp = 0.13
6 Gr = 0.15 3 Gp = 0.16
Gp = 0.19
7 3
Gp = 0.22
2.5
8 2.5
p'( )

9 2 2
(0.03726,1.441e-05)

p'( )
10
1.5
11 1.5

12 1
1
13 0.5
14 0
0.5

15 0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12

0
16 0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09

17
18
Fig. 2: Impact of Gr on profile p′ (η)
19 whenGp = F = Ec = 1, G1 = G2 = G30.3, n = Fig. 3: Result of Gp on p′ (η) for Gr
20 b = f = Nb = Nt = Sc− = 0.5, R = 2, j = p = = 0.01,
21 G5 = 0.1, Pr = 7, s = d = 0.7, A = α = 10
22
10-4
23 10-4 1.6
1.4
d=0
24 f = 0.1
1.4 d=3
f = 0.3
25 1.2 f = 0.6
d=6
d=9
26 f = 0.9
f = 1.2
1.2 d = 12

1
27 1
28 0.8
p'( )

0.8
29
p'( )

30 0.6 0.6

31
0.4 0.4
32
33 0.2
0.2

34 0
35 0
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08

36
37
Fig. 4: Result of f on p′ (η) for Gr = Fig. 5: Result of d on p′ (η) for Gr =
38
39 0.01 0.
40 1
41 0.035 0.02
42
0.018
0.03
43
0.016
44 0.025
A=0
0.014
45 A = 0.3
0.02 A = 0.6
46 0.012
A = 0.9
p'( )

p'( )

A = 1.2
47 0.015 Ec = 0 0.01
Ec = 0.3
48 0.01
Ec = 0.6 0.008
Ec = 0.9
49 0 Ec = 1.2 0.006
50 0.005
0.004
51 0
0.002
52
-0.005 0
53 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8
54
55
56 Fig. 6: Result of Ec on p′ (η)) profile Fig. 7: Result of A on p′ (η) for F =
57 for Nt = 5, G1 = 0.11, F = 1, G1 = 0.1 0.8, Nb = 0.59, G1 = 2
58
59
60
61
62
63 9
64
65
 10-3
0
1 0
-0.5
2
3 -0.002 -1

4 -1.5
5 -0.004
-2

L( )
6 A=0
L( )

-0.006 -2.5 A = 0.3

7 A = 0.6
8 Ec = 0 -3 A = 0.9
A = 1.2
-0.008 Ec = 0.1
9 Ec = 0.2 -3.5
Ec = 0.3
10 Ec = 0.4
-0.01 -4
11
-4.5
12 -0.012 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
13 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2

14 -
15 Fig. 9: Impact of A on L(η) when G
Fig. 8: Result of Ec on L(η) for F = 0.9, Nt = 5
16 = 0.71
17
18 1
10-3
0

19 R = 20
0 -0.01 R = 30
20 R = 40
R = 50
21 -1
R = 60
-0.02
22 -2
23
L( )
-3 -0.03
24
L( )

= 0.2
-4
25 = 0.3
-0.04
= 0.4
26 -5 = 0.5
= 0.6
27 -6 -0.05
28
-7
29 -0.06
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5
30 -8
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3
31 -
32 Fig. 11: Result of R on L(η) for b =
33 Fig. 10: Result of λ on L(η) when Gr = 0.01
34
0.23
35
36 4.2 Temperature and concentration Profiles
37
38 The magnitude of F, H, Ec, R, Nt, Pr, Sc, β , A on temperatures, θ (η), h(η) and concentration
39
40 Φ are elucidated in Fig. 12-Fig. 29. Fig. 12 demonstrate that increase of surface heat flux
41 parameter H, enhance the rate of temperature growth alongside surface which result decline in
42 hotness profiles h. But, Fig. 13 reveals that improve of the surface temperature F, reduce the
43
44
rate of temperature growth next to surface which cause increase distribution of temperature
45 within boundary layer θ (η). Moreover, the temperature distributions, for AST, exhibit the
46 improving performance for enlarge R and thermophoresis parameter Nt as shown in Fig. 14-
47 Fig. 15. These activities are come to pass due to reduction of momentum diffusion of fluid
48
49 which is growth for larger R and Nt. The smaller momentum diffusion relates to larger tem-
50 perature.
51 Fig. 16- Fig. 17 address that boost the values Prandtl number Pr , enhance the number heat
52
needed to change the hotness of the fluid which result the increment of temperature distribu-
53
54 tions within thermal boundary layer. But, the concentration distributions exhibit the declining
55 performance for the enhancing of Pr as shown in Fig. 18- Fig. 19. These behaviors are hap-
56 pened due to decrement volume of fluid particles which lead to grow the density of the fluid
57
58
particles corresponding to decrease concentration profile. Moreover, Fig. 20 - Fig. 25 illus-
59 trate that improve Sc, F and Nt decline the diffusion mass which relate to fall the number heat
60 needed to change the hotness of the fluid that result the reduction of hotness and pollutant pro-
61
62
63 10
64
65
 files. Also, it is practical that concentration profile possesses negative value for the argument
1
2
of magnitude Nt, indicates that the concentration of mass diffuse turn backward.
3 Fig. 26 and Fig. 27 explain that enhance of chemical reaction parameter R and temperature
4 difference β , go down the viscosity of the fluid which decline pollutant diffusion within the
5 boundary layer that associate through decrease in concentration profile. However, it observed
6
7 that concentration profiles exhibit the increasing behavior with the activation energy and Ec
8 i.e. when fluid particles expand the density of flow fluid decrease as seen in Fig. 28 and Fig. 29.
9 Figs. 30 to 33 elucidate the grid-independence test. From these figures, it is seen that for
10 the digit of points larger than apposite mesh digit of points, the precision is not affected.
11
12 0.2
1.2
13 H = 0.1
14 0.15 H = 0.3
H = 0.5 1
15 H = 0.7
H = 0.9
0.1
16 0.8
17 F=0
h( )

0.05 F=1
18

( )
0.6 F=2
F=3
19 F=4
0
20 0.4
21 -0.05
22 0.2

23 -0.1
24 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
25
26 Fig. 12: Result of H on h(η) for
27 Fig. 13: Result of F on θ (η) for Nb
28 Nb = 13, Nt = 0.1, Sc = 0.65, G4 =
= 3, Gr = 1 for ASF
29 1.5, G5 = 0.1 for AHT
30
3 1.2
31
32
2.5 1
33
34 2 0.8
35
36 Nt= 1
( )

( )

1.5 0.6 Nt = 1.5

37 R=0 Nt = 2
R = 50 Nt = 2.5
38 1 R = 100 0.4 Nt = 3
R = 150
39 R = 200

40 0.5 0.2

41
42 0 0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
43
44
45 Fig. 14: Result of R on θ (η) profile Fig. 15: Result of Nt on θ (η) for G3
46 for b = 0.023 for AST = 0.1, b = 1 for ASF
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63 11
64
65
 10-3
1.6 1
1
Pr = 0.1 0.9
2 1.4
Pr = 0.3
0.8
3 1.2
Pr = 0.5
Pr = 0.7
4 Pr = 0.9 0.7
1
5 0.6
h( )

( )
0.8 0.5

7 0.4
0.6
8 0.3 Pr = 1
Pr = 1.5
9 0.4
Pr = 2
0.2
10 0.2
Pr = 2.5
Pr = 3
0.1
11
0 0
12 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14
13
14
15 Fig. 16: Result of Pr on h(η) profile Fig. 17: Result of Pr on θ (η) for Nt
16 for H= 2, for AHF = 6, Nb = 0.1 for AST
17
18 0.8
Pr = 0.1 0
19 0.7
Pr = 0.3
Pr = 1
Pr = 0.5
-5
20 Pr = 0.7
Pr = 1.5
Pr = 2
0.6 Pr = 0.9
21 -10 Pr = 2.5
Pr = 3
22 0.5 -15
23
( )

0.4 -20
24 ( )
-25
25 0.3

26 0.2
-30

27 -35
0.1
28
-40
29 0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
30 -45
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14
31
32 Fig. 18: Impact of Pr on Φ(η) profile
33 Fig. 19: Impact of Pr on Φ(η) profile
34
when Sc = 0.7, Nt= 5, Nb = 0.1 for
when Nt = 6
35 AHT
36 10-3
1 4.5
37
0.9 4
38 Sc = 1
Sc = 5
39 0.8
3.5 Sc = 10
Sc = 15
40 0.7
Sc = 1 3
Sc = 20

41 0.6
Sc = 5
Sc = 10 2.5
42
h( )
( )

Sc = 15
0.5
Sc = 20
43 0.4
2

44 1.5
0.3
45 1
0.2
46
0.1 0.5
47
48 0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2
49
50
51 Fig. 20: Result of Sc on θ (η) for G5 Fig. 21: Impact of Sc on h(η) profile
52 = Nb = 5, Nt= 0.1 for AST when H = 2 for AHF
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63 12
64
65
 0.3 0.16
1 Sc = 1
Sc = 1 Sc= 5
2 0.25 Sc = 5
0.14
Sc = 10
Sc = 10 Sc = 15
3 Sc = 15 0.12 Sc = 20
4 0.2
Sc = 20

0.1
5
( )

( )
6 0.15 0.08

7
0.06
8 0.1

9 0.04

10 0.05
0.02
11
0 0
12 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
13
14
15 Fig. 22: Result of Sc on Φ(η) for H Fig. 23: Impact of Sc on Φ(η) profile
16 = 2, Nb = 5for AHT when G5 = Nb = 5
17
18 0.5 0

19 0.45
F=0
-0.5

20 0.4 F=1 -1
F=2
21 0.35 F=3 -1.5
F=4
22 0.3 -2
23
( )

( )
0.25 -2.5
24
0.2 -3
25 Nt = 1
Nt = 1.5
0.15 -3.5
26 Nt = 2
Nt = 2.5
27 0.1 -4
Nt = 3

28 0.05 -4.5

29 0 -5
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
30
31
32 Fig. 24: Result of F on Φ(η) for G5 Fig. 25: Impact of Nt on Φ(η) profile
33
34
= 1, Nt =0.11 when F = 1, s = 2
35 0.9 1
36 0.9
0.8 R=0
37 R = 0.5 =0
0.8 =5
0.7 R=1
38 R =1.5 = 10
0.7 = 15
39 0.6 R=2
= 20
40 0.5
0.6
( )

( )

41 0.5
0.4
42 0.4

43 0.3
0.3
44 0.2
0.2
45 0.1 0.1
46
0 0
47 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5

48
49
50 Fig. 26: Result of R on Φ(η) for Gr Fig. 27: Resut of β on Φ(η) for Gr
51 = 1.4, Gp = 0.11 = 1.4, Gp = 0.11
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63 13
64
65
 0.9 0.35
1 A=1
0.8 A=2
2 A=3 0.3 Ec = 0
Ec = 1
A=4
3 0.7
A=5
Ec = 2
0.25 Ec = 3
4 0.6 Ec = 4

5 0.5 0.2
( )

( )
6
0.4
7 0.15

8 0.3
0.1
9 0.2
10 0.05
0.1
11
0 0
12 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2
13
14
15 Fig. 28: Result of A on Φ(η) for F = Fig. 29: Impact of Ec on Φ(η) profile
16 2.1, n = 3, b = 1.7,Sc = 5 when Nt= 5, G5 = 3
17
10-4
18 0.02 0.5
widespread mesh with 30 points
19 0.018 middle mesh with 70 points 0
apposite mes with 110 points
20 0.016
-0.5
21 0.014
22 0.012
-1

23 widspread mesh with 30 points

p( )

L( )
0.01 -1.5 middle mesh with 70 points
24 apposite meash with 110 points
0.008
25 -2
0.006
26 -2.5
27 0.004
-3
28 0.002

29 0 -3.5
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5
30
31
32 Fig. 30: Grid-independence test on Fig. 31: Graph Grid-independence
33
34
p(η) when G1 = 6, Gr = 2 test on L(η) when G1 = 6, Gr = 2
35 1 1.2
36 0.9
widespread mesh with 30 points widespread mrsh with 30 points
middle mesh with 70 points middle mesh with 70 points
37 apposite mesh with 110 points 1 apposite mesh with 110 points
0.8
38
0.7
39 0.8

40 0.6
h( )
( )

41 0.5 0.6

42 0.4

43 0.3
0.4

44 0.2
0.2
45
0.1
46
0 0
47 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5

48
49
50 Fig. 32: Grid-independence test on Fig. 33: Grid-independence test on
51 θ (η) when G1 = 6, G3 = 1, F = 0.1, h(η) when G1 = 6, G4 = 0.4, H = 1,
52 Gr = 2 for AST Gr = 2 for AHF
53 The performance of grid independence test is revealed in the Table 1, to maintain the point
54
55 of exactness called as grid convergence test. It initiated with widespread web 30 numbers
56 of points. By increasing the widespread web by 40 and 80 numbers of points, we have the
57 middle mesh,70 and the apposite mesh, 110 points of truthfulness for velocity, and temperature
58
59
gradient values. For the number of spots larger than apposite mesh number of spots, the
60 correctness is not affected.
61
62
63 14
64
65
 Table 1: Grid-independence test for velocity gradient p′′ (η)andθ ′ (η) when Gr = 2, G1 =
1 6, F = λ = 0.1, Ec = d = 0.2, Pr = 7, G2 = j = 0.5, α = 30.
2
3
4
5 widespread mesh, 30 middle mesh, 70 apposite mesh, 110
6 s p′′ (η) -θ ′ (η) p′′ (η) -θ ′ (η) p′′ (η) -θ ′ (η)
7 0 0.0028 0.2078 0.0028 0.2078 0.0028 0.2078
8
9 1 0.0025 0.1539 0.0025 0.1539 0.0025 0.1539
10 2 0.0023 0.1311 0.0023 0.1311 0.0023 0.1311
11 3 0.0020 0.1195 0.0020 0.1195 0.0020 0.1195
12
13
4 0.0018 0.1130 0.0018 0.1130 0.0018 0.1130
14
15 Table 2 compares the exactness of the method used correlation with earlier presented facts
16
17 practicable in the literatures has been done. It is seen that the mathematical values of the
18 Nusselt number -θ ′ (0) in current examination for different values of s and α for λ =0.5, Pr =
19 0.7 is an excellent agreement with outcomes of [17] and [13]. The outcomes show that the
20
21
mathematical in the information is truthful and highly accurate.
22
23 Table 2: Comparison of Nusselt number -θ ′ (0) for λ = 0.5, Pr = 0.7 for various magnitudes
24 of s and α with earlier published outcomes.
25
26
27
28 present result [12] [13] [17]
29 s α -θ ′ (0) -θ ′ (0) -θ ′ (0) -θ ′ (0)
30 0.0 0.0 0.4576 0.4576 0.4577 0.4576
31
32
0.5 0.4336 0.4336 0.4334 0.4336
33 1.0 0.4163 0.4165 0.4166 0.4166
34 1.5 0.4035 0.4037 0.4040 0.4035
35 2.0 0.3931 0.3931 0.3932 0.3930
36
37 0.0 10 0.4564 0.4561 0.4560 0.4565
38 20 0.4536 0.4535 0.4534 0.4533
39 30 0.4481 0.4481 0.4486 0.4480
40
41
40 0.4404 0.4406 0.4406 0.4405
42 50 0.4309 0.4309 0.4309 0.4308
43 60 0.4188 0.4189 0.4188 0.4189
44 70 0.4048 0.4048 0.4046
45
46 80 0.3873 0.3878 0.3879
47 90 0.3687 0.3687 0.3684
48
49
50 Table 3 indicates that increase in values of Ec and d, cause increasing in both the skin fric-
51 tion coefficient p′′ (0), and Nusselt number -θ ′ (0). These outcomes occur due to the reduction
52 thermal conductivity of the fluid which cause enhance the diffusion of momentum and temper-
53
54 ature that relate through an increment of these physical quantities. Since gravity of the earth
55 increase due to buoyancy force which increases the density of fluid results the skin friction
56 coefficient p′′ (0), and Nusselt number -θ ′ (0) growth.
57
58
59
60
61
62
63 15
64
65
 Table 3: The computed values of skin friction coefficient p”(0), Nusselt number -θ ′ (0) when
1 Gr = 2, G1 = 0.6, G3 = 0.3, λ = G2 = 0.1, F = s= 0.2, j = 0.5, α= 30, Pr = 7 for different values
2
3 of Ec and d
4
5
6 Ec d p′′ (0) -θ ′ (0)
7 0 0.2 0.0138 0.0209
8
9 0.5 0.2 0.0140 0.0560
10 1 0.2 0.0142 0.0938
11 1.5 0.2 0.0144 0.1344
12
2 0.2 0.0146 0.1785
13
14 0.5 0.1 0.0132 0.0217
15 0.3 0.0144 0.0334
16 0.5 0.0156 0.0440
17
18
19
20
21
5 Conclusions
22
23 This study considers the corollary of governing dimensionless natural quantities such as sur-
24 face temperature and heat flux parameters, thermal non-linear convection, Eckert number and
25 multiple slip states on a micro-polar fluid above a non isothermal cylinder. Results of govern-
26
27
ing boundaries are presented by using figures and tables. The major outcomes are:
28
29 1. Enlarging the values of surface temperature parameters F agree to enhance thermal dif-
30 fusion that improve temperature distributions θ (η) Whereas the surface heat flux pa-
31
32
rameter H allows to reduce in heat flux distribution h(η).
33
34 2. The surface temperature, heat flux and concentration distributions( θ , h, Φ) within the
35 boundary can be reduced by the enhance in values of Schmidt number which decrease
36 the diffusion of mass.
37
38 3. The existence of activation energy A agree to upsurge in concentration distribution Φ(η)
39
40 and velocity profile p′ (η) within boundary layer whereas it allows to decline in angular
41 velocity profile L(η).
42
43 4. Angular velocity and concentration spreading can be upsurge by improve Ec whereas
44 velocity profile falls.
45
46
47 Availability of data and Materials
48 Data distribution not valid to this paper as no data sets were analyzed throughout the current
49 study.
50
51
52
53 References
54
55 [1] Pabst W.(2005). Micropolar Materials, ceramics-Silikaty, 49(3),170-180.
56
57 [2] Calimelet E.C., Majumdar D.R.(1998).Flow of a micropolar fluid through a cilcular
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59 cylinder subject Longtudinal and Torsional oscilation, Mathl.Comput. Modelling vol.
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62
63 16
64
65
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2
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5 [4] Gajjela N., Matta A.,Kaladhar K.(2017), Chemica reaction, Hall and ion currents on
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8 [5] Machireddy G.R.(2013), Chemically reaction Species and radition effects on MHd con-
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10 vective flow past a moving vertical cylinder, AcnShems Engineering Jouernal, 4,879-888.
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12 [6] Shah Z., B. McCash L., Dawar A., Bonyah E.(2020). Entropy Optimi zation in Darcy-
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16 [7] Reddy M.G., Ferdous M.(2020). Species and thermal radiation on micropolar hydro-
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18 magnetic dusty flow across a paraboloid revolution, Journal of thermal Analysis and
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21 [8] Reddy M.G., Vijayakumar P., Kumar K.G., Sherzad S.A.(2020). Zero massflux and Cat-
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24 porous space, Heat transfer, 1-14.
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26 [9] Sherzad S.A., Reddy M.G., Rauf A., Abbas Z.(2020).Biconvection of Maxwell
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