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Circular Motion Class 11

Circular motion occurs when a particle moves such that its distance from a fixed point remains constant. This fixed point is called the centre and the constant distance is called the radius of the circular path. Circular motion requires a centripetal force directed toward the center. The angular velocity of a moving object is defined as the rate of change of angular displacement of the object. It is a vector quantity whose direction is perpendicular to the plane of rotation. For uniform circular motion, the particle moves in a circle at constant speed so its acceleration is the centripetal acceleration given by ω2r, where ω is the angular velocity and r is the radius.

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Arrush Ahuja
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126 views

Circular Motion Class 11

Circular motion occurs when a particle moves such that its distance from a fixed point remains constant. This fixed point is called the centre and the constant distance is called the radius of the circular path. Circular motion requires a centripetal force directed toward the center. The angular velocity of a moving object is defined as the rate of change of angular displacement of the object. It is a vector quantity whose direction is perpendicular to the plane of rotation. For uniform circular motion, the particle moves in a circle at constant speed so its acceleration is the centripetal acceleration given by ω2r, where ω is the angular velocity and r is the radius.

Uploaded by

Arrush Ahuja
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Clrcula Motion

when a particle moves in a blane sych that its


distance rom a fixed þoint remains constant then its
motion i callud as circula motion wi th reSpect to the
fixed þoint.
distana is
The fixed point isü called Centre and th
Called radius ot circlar path.
Note Cireula motion to Cente fr
atr p5 Force EtT at Coctipetat force

; force ( à Eketie force, Mecgmetic force, fiction


force, Reaction force, tenien foee ete. ) Provide

X fictiom forla a Fe

eath
Reaction force = Fe Tension force Fe Guavitatinal force e
Anglan bisphcument (e) -
Angle traced by position vector
of a pautice moving w.r.t. Some fixed
fixedt point is callecl angule Point
displacement.
Are PQ
Amgla displacement e
*Its direction' is perþendicwan to plane os ro tation
and given by ight hand screw rule.
* It is dmensíon less and has sI unit Radian'
2T Yadian = 360

Note - Smal angutan dislaement de s a vector quartity


but lage anglen displacement e is scaar quartity.
Frequeney (n)
Numbe ot rerolutions dlescribes by particde per
second is its trequeny
unit is revolutior pe See. (r- p.s.)
Its

Time Period (T) It is time taken by baticle to


Complete one rerolution,

Angula Veloci ty ( w)
It is deined as the rate og chamge ot
ob angas
displa cement ot moving object.
ngle tced
Angulan Velocity = Time taken
Um AO de
At+o At
* Tts SI Unit is radian/Sec.
2n axial vector quantity. Its direction i
pekpendicular to the plane ob rotation and along
Hhe axis qccording to night hand screuo ruwe.

Rebtion between ineas amd Angulas Velocity -


: Are
Angie Radius

AS At ’o then ds - rde
At At
dt
V

In Vector formv: Bx As

direction ot Vis according to


right hand thumb rle.
Average Anguar Veloety ( av)
Wav total angde ot rotation
total time taken
Wav e-9,
t - ty At

whee B qnd ae anguu posi tion ot the particle


at instant ti qnd tz
lnatantanenus Amgar Velocity (w)
Lt the angula veloity at a particular instant
A9 13
At’o
Angulan Accelsation (a)
The rate oc change ot amula vetocty is caled
angula qcceleation.
Lim dw

dw

* I# s an axial vector quantity: Tts drcction s


adong the axis acCovding to the 'Right hand Rude'.
* Its sI Uhit is radian/sect.

Note- 5T7

AnguloeAtft!
w Direction
Relation betwean Angulas anc ner Aceleration
we Kn ow that
Here is a tangential vector, 0ßi s
is a axjal vector
q Yadial vector. These three vectoYS
and
ae Tmuually arpendicula.
but a axis ot
rotattem
do x t
dt
a KT + ar

acceluation and a
Heu ar iss tangential
Centibetal accelrti on
Hence tuo componeruts ot net
inear acceleration.

Tangential Acceleration (a)


&xr,its ivec ti on is parallel to veloeity.
As ß
w and a both ae parallet
parallt and
and long th
axis So Hhat qn
clong the tengentia direction.
Magni tude ot tangentia! acceleration

As Ct it albng the direction ot motion (aong V) so


resborsible tor change in speed ot paticle
Its manituce is Tate o7 change ot seed o the
pavticle On circula path with Constant speed tengential
acceleation zero.
Note -
(i) 340TT Paticle speed a, ret
along t L

almg
(ii) Parhek Velor's.
C Negative ETT AK HÔ Drecibn Velocty
5 opposite
| V then an e amo is apposi te to ¼|

(iii) V= Const then

Centipetal Acceleradtion Cae)

Let in t direction an
axis ot
Yotation
direction ot ae d along
j(ixt) = 4r(-k) : -
Oppoite direction ot -e.
trom P to o and t is
endripetol directon.
Magni tude o centripetad acceleration is
wY
Note -
(i) a is always pupendiala to
displace ment , So the wot done by Ceripda)
force is always Zro

(ii) Circwas motion

ii) On amy Cwrtd path (Not necesariy


ircula one) the acceleratiom ot the pantcle
has tuo Components a and de in two
mutuay perpendiculan irections.
Component ot a along v is at an
perpendicular to v a .

Net Linean Accelration


As So that

by
Unifom Crewar Motion
when a þarticle moves in a
Cirele at a Costant speccl thn
the motion ia said to be a
Lmifom cicula motion. /
In this motioY, þositHon vectoY
Keep changing corinuously
Speecd is Constant, So that
ar
Acceleation ot porticle
parHcle a

= y' e w²y : Centipetal acceleation

Due to centipetol acceleration the vetoci ty ot


the particle Keeps on changing the airection ie.
the paicle i accelerated
Note- Impotant dl ffernu beuwten the projectile
motion and drculah motion iA that in cicular
motion the magmitude ot accelration remains
Constant but the drecon Continuously changes.
while in prujeeile motion both the
magnitude and directon ot acceleration (a)
remains Costar
Constant.

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