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Sub Net Mask

A subnet mask is used to determine what subnet an IP address belongs to. It divides the host portion of an IP address to identify subnets. The subnet mask has 1s in the network and subnet portions of the address and 0s in the host portion. Performing a bitwise AND of the subnet mask and IP address yields the subnet address. A MAC address is a unique identifier assigned to network interfaces or equipment. It consists of 6 pairs of hexadecimal numbers separated by colons. The first 3 pairs identify the manufacturer and the last 3 are specific to the interface. MAC addresses allow devices to be uniquely identified on a local network to enable communication through protocols like ARP.

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77 views

Sub Net Mask

A subnet mask is used to determine what subnet an IP address belongs to. It divides the host portion of an IP address to identify subnets. The subnet mask has 1s in the network and subnet portions of the address and 0s in the host portion. Performing a bitwise AND of the subnet mask and IP address yields the subnet address. A MAC address is a unique identifier assigned to network interfaces or equipment. It consists of 6 pairs of hexadecimal numbers separated by colons. The first 3 pairs identify the manufacturer and the last 3 are specific to the interface. MAC addresses allow devices to be uniquely identified on a local network to enable communication through protocols like ARP.

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silpasucharita
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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subnetmask A mask used to determine what subnet an IP address belongs to.

An IP address has two components, the network address and the host address. For example, consider the IP address 150.215.017.009. Assuming this is part of a Class B network, the first two numbers (150.215) represent the Class B network address, and the second two numbers (017.009) identify a particular host on this network. Subnetting enables the network administrator to further divide the host part of the address into two or more subnets. In this case, a part of the host address is reserved to identify the particular subnet. This is easier to see if we show the IP address in binary format. The full address is: 10010110.11010111.00010001.00001001 The Class B network part is: 10010110.11010111 and the host address is 00010001.00001001 If this network is divided into 14 subnets, however, then the first 4 bits of the host address (0001) are reserved for identifying the subnet. The subnet mask is the network address plus the bits reserved for identifying the subnetwork. (By convention, the bits for the network address are all set to 1, though it would also work if the bits were set exactly as in the network address.) In this case, therefore, the subnet mask would be 11111111.11111111.11110000.00000000. It's called a mask because it can be used to identify the subnet to which an IP address belongs by performing a bitwise AND operation on the mask and the IP address. The result is the subnetwork address: Subnet Mask IP Address Subnet Address 255.255.240.000 150.215.017.009 150.215.016.000 11111111.11111111.11110000.00000000 10010110.11010111.00010001.00001001 10010110.11010111.00010000.00000000

The subnet address, therefore, is 150.215.016.000

What Is a MAC Address?


A MAC (Media Access Control) address, sometimes referred to as a hardware address or physical address, is an ID code that's assigned to a network adapter or any device with built-in networking capability, such as a printer. While an IP address can potentially be assigned to any device, a MAC address is "burned into" a given device from the factory. A MAC address takes the form of six pairs of hexadecimal digits, usually separated by colons or dashes and will look something like this: 01:1F:33:69:BC:14. Hexadecimal digits can include only the numbers 0-9 and letters A-F. The first three pairs of digits in the MAC address are called the OUI (Organizational Unique Identifier), which identifies the company that manufactured or sold the device. For example, a MAC address that begins with 00:1F:33 denotes a Netgear product. The last three pairs of digits are specific to the device and can be more or less considered a serial number of sorts. Together, the two parts of the MAC address form an ID that's unique to a particular device. To understand how MAC addresses are used, first consider that when you type www.smallbusinesscomputing.com into your Web browser, it can't get there until a DNS (Domain Name Service) server looks up the corresponding IP address for the Web site allowing a connection to take place. While MAC addresses don't have any real significance on the Internet, they're used in a similar way on a LAN (local area network). Given that IP addresses can't be permanently assigned to a device after all, a particular address can belong to one

computer today and another one tomorrow MAC addresses allow communication between devices on a local network by making it possible to reliably distinguish one computer from another. Just as DNS matches a Web site name to an IP address on the Internet, a technology called ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) matches an IP address to the corresponding MAC address of a specific device to which that IP address is currently assigned. An identifier for a computer or device on a TCP/IP network. Networks using the TCP/IP protocol route messages based on the IP address of the destination. The format of an IP address is a 32-bit numeric address written as four numbers separated by periods. Each number can be zero to 255. For example, 1.160.10.240 could be an IP address. Within an isolated network, you can assign IP addresses at random as long as each one is unique. However, connecting a private network to the Internet requires using registered IP addresses (called Internet addresses) to avoid duplicates. The four numbers in an IP address are used in different ways to identify a particular network and a host on that network. Four regional Internet registries -- ARIN, RIPE NCC, LACNIC and APNIC -- assign Internet addresses from the following three classes. Class A - supports 16 million hosts on each of 126 networks Class B - supports 65,000 hosts on each of 16,000 networks Class C - supports 254 hosts on each of 2 million networks The number of unassigned Internet addresses is running out, so a new classless scheme called CIDR is gradually replacing the system based on classes A, B, and C and is tied to adoption of IPv6.

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