Nickel MPS 300 1
Nickel MPS 300 1
Version: 08
Released on: 22.Mar.2021
CONTENTS
1. Process Information................................................................................................................................. 2
2. Equipment ............................................................................................................................................... 2
3. Make-Up .................................................................................................................................................. 4
Make-Up Sequence............................................................................................................................ 4
4. Working Parameters ................................................................................................................................ 5
Standard Operation Sequence........................................................................................................... 6
5. Maintenance ............................................................................................................................................ 7
Capability of Mixing the Additives ...................................................................................................... 8
6. Application Guidelines ............................................................................................................................. 8
Effect of Additives............................................................................................................................... 8
Filtration and Carbon Treatment ........................................................................................................ 9
Pore Count .......................................................................................................................................10
Electrochemical Potential Bright Nickel vs. MPS Ni .........................................................................10
Conditions resulting in low pore count .............................................................................................10
Conditions resulting in milky or matt deposit ....................................................................................10
Hull Cell Testing ...............................................................................................................................11
7. General Safety Precautions ..................................................................................................................11
8. Material No. for Make-Up and Maintenance Products ..........................................................................12
9. Document History ..................................................................................................................................12
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Nickel MPS-300 Liquid
1. Process Information
• Nickel MPS 300 Liquid has been developed to create a functional nickel layer after bright nickel prior
chromium plating to achieve highest corrosion protection.
• Nickel MPS 300 Liquid is applied on top of a bright nickel deposit at a thickness of 1.5 – 2.5 micron
which contains a controlled amount of non-conducting particles inducing a microporosity in the
subsequently plated chromium deposit, which fulfills OEM requirements.
• The chromium layer thickness affects corrosion protection and should be kept below 0.5 µm in
combination with hexavalent chrome or below 0.3 µm for Trichrome finishes.
• For continuous monitoring of the parameters it is imperative to use suitable tools to keep track of the
pore count such as Cu sulfate tests (Dubpernell or Fuhrmann test) or Fechner test and to measure the
necessary electrochemical potential difference between bright and microporous nickel deposit using the
STEP test method.
• In accordance with valid standards, the produced pore count must be ≥ (8,000 – 10,000) pores per
cm2, measured by e.g. the Dubpernell test.
2. Equipment
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Nickel MPS-300 Liquid
Filtration Continuous filtration is not allowed, since particles, which induce microporosity
into the subsequent chromium layer are removed.
To remove particles a plate filter unit with slurry tank is suggested. Filter paper
is recommended as filter medium (e.g. 5 -10 micron rating) in combination with
filter aid (diatomaceous earth or cellulose). Powdered activated carbon (PAC)
on the filter should be used to improve the cleaning efficiency. Contact GPT for
further recommendations if required.
Bath circulation Bath circulation of 2 – 6 bath volumes per hour is required to keep the
electrolyte homogeneous and should not be turned off even during idle times
e.g. over weekends if no maintenance actions are scheduled.
Too weak bath circulation may result to a faster particle settlement.
Too strong bath circulation reduces the porosity.
Ensure movement of the plating solution at the bottom of the tank using a small
adjustable pump to allow for a slight circulation on the ground and the edges of
the tank.
Magnetic coupled impeller pumps which could breakdown the particles shall
not be used.
The usage of venturi tubes (eductors) is recommend. Contact GPT for further
recommendations if required.
The suction pipe could be set up vertically or horizontally along the tank at the
bottom of the tank below the anodes.
Anodes Electrolytic nickel as squares e.g. 1”x1” or R-rounds (Ni > 99.91 wt%, S <
0.0002 wt%) in baskets are recommended, available from major manufactures.
Sulphur activated (depolarized) nickel might be used but is not recommend.
Anode baskets made from Titanium
Anode hooks made from Monel or Titanium
Ratio Anode : Cathode 2:1–1:1
Anode bags Anode bags are not required if the right anode quality is used.
If bags are used they must be 50 – 80 mm above the plating solution level to
avoid particle accumulation in the anode bags.
Anode bags should be made from Dynel or polypropylene (threat count of 15 x
11 threats per cm) and need to be leached in 5 % (v/v) sulfuric acid, afterwards
flushed with hot running water prior to first use.
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Nickel MPS-300 Liquid
3. Make-Up
Make-Up of 100 l Liter kg
Nickel sulfate (NiSO4 x 6 H2O) --- 27.0
Nickel chloride (NiCl2 x 6 H2O) --- 5.0
Boric Acid (H3BO3) --- 4.5
Supreme Plus Brightener 1) 0.01 1) 0.01 1)
Nickel Carrier A-5 (2x) 2) 1.25 2) 1.35 2)
Nickel Additive SA-1 2) 0.6 2) 0.7 2)
MARK® 90 M 904 3) 0.020 3) 0.022 3)
MPS 300 Liquid Additive 0.61 0.60
1) If Supreme Plus Brightener is not used, then add only 10% to maximum 50% the amount top brightener used at the previous
bright nickel plating solution.
2) Concentration of Nickel Carrier A-5 (2x) and Nickel Additive SA-1 depends on the used brightener. In case of Supreme Plus
Brightener the concentration of Nickel Carrier A-5 (2x) should be lower and Nickel Additive SA-1 should be slightly higher to its
concentration in the previous bright nickel plating solution.
3) Concentration depends on the desired potential difference to the bright nickel and on the brightener concentration in the
Nickel MPS 300 process. If steel is used as base material another STEP adjuster could be used.
Make-Up Sequence
• Determine the volume for the plating tank and base all calculations on that.
• Dissolve Nickel sulfate, Nickel chloride and Boric acid in hot DI (deionized) water at 70 – 80 °C whi le
stirring well. Use a PP, CPVC or PVC tank for this operation. To dissolve approx. 36.5 kg of the
combined salts at least 50 l water are needed at 80 °C.
• Add 4 g/l powdered activated carbon (low sulfur, low iron; suitable activated carbon can be purchased
from Atotech). The activated carbon should be allowed to react for at least 60 minutes while stirring.
• Filter the solution into the working tank. Make sure that the temperature of the solution during filtration is
kept above 50 °C to prevent precipitation ( Boric Acid).
• Add the required amount of Carrier (i.e. Nickel Carrier A-5 (2x), Nickel Additive SA-1) and Brightener
(i.e. Supreme Plus Brightener).
• Add DI-water until the required working volume is reached and adjust temperature accordingly.
• Adjust the pH to 3.9 – 4.0 with 10 % (v/v) sulfuric acid while air agitation is switched on.
• Dummy plate with steel panels (degreased, descaled and/or nickel plated) at 1.5 – 2.5 A/dm2 for 2 Ah/l.
• Check electrolyte in a hull cell and re-adjust electrolyte if necessary (procedure is described as last item
below section “Application Guideline”)
Add particles : All following steps rule for make-up procedure and maintaining the pore count during
production. Add MPS 300 Liquid Additive always like described:
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Nickel MPS-300 Liquid
1. Mix the MPS 300 Liquid Additive thoroughly in its container, no particles should remain settled down at
the bottom. Use e.g. an electric drill (2000 rpm) + stirrer “PR 32” (like a paint stirrer) ∅ 60 – 100 mm, 400
mm length, for 10 min until all powders in the containers bottom are completely dispersed.
Note: The additive DOES NOT dissolve, the objective is a complete dispersion!
2. Add max. 1.5 liter MPS 300 Liquid Additive to 6 liter MPS 300 Liquid electrolyte while stirring for another
10 minutes. Scale up same proportion based on the tank size and available make-up tank.
3. Add the dispersion immediately to the Nickel MPS 300 Liquid plating solution while strong air agitation is
on.
4. Follow this procedure until the required amount of MPS 300 Liquid Additive has been added to the
working tank.
• Check potential difference Bright nickel vs. Nickel MPS 300 liquid by STEP test and adjust to required
potential with MARK® 90 M 904 or perform dummy plating if potential difference is too high for any
reason.
• Air agitation and solution circulation should be switched on at all times to prevent settling.
4. Working Parameters
Temperature 50 – [52] - 55 °C
Temperatures above 55 °C can lead to dried plating solution
after plating that is transferred even to a next rinse step
pH 3.8 – [4.0] - 4.2
The pH needs to be checked every 2 hr. and maintained within
the given range. Whenever the pH is checked or adjusted with
10 % (v/v) sulfuric acid the air agitation should be increased to
have a homogeneous solution.
Current Density Anodic : < 3.0 A/dm2
Cathodic : 2.0 – [3.0] - 5.0 A/dm2
Current Ramp No ramping
Current efficiency 94 – 96 %
Voltage 4 – 12 V
Plating Time 120 – [180] – 240 seconds
Deposition rate 1.8 µm in 3 minutes at 3 A/dm2
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Nickel MPS-300 Liquid
A too long transfer time before MPS-300 Liquid could cause drying of nickel plating solution and adhesion
problems. Drag-in from the bright nickel into the Nickel MPS 300 Liquid is essential to maintain the organic
additives (e.g. Nickel Additive SA-1, Nickel Carrier A-5 (2x), Supreme Plus Brightener) but also yields a
build-up of wetting agent. First rinse after Nickel MPS 300 Liquid electrolyte should be filtered to avoid
roughness or milky patches, more important for metal plating operations.
When plating Satilume Plus or Velours Nickel the plated parts need to be rinsed before entering Nickel
MPS 300 Liquid to avoid a lack of performance. Moreover, the concentration of Nickel Carrier A-5 (2x),
Additive SA-1, and Supreme Plus Brightener need to be kept at a very low level, to avoid a reduction of
the satin effect due to a too bright MPS layer.
For some operations the most flexible way to overcome influences between bright and satin finishes is the
implementation of two independent Nickel MPS 300 Liquid tanks.
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Nickel MPS-300 Liquid
5. Maintenance
Inorganic Components Optimum Range
Nickel 70 g/l 65 – 83 g/l
Chloride 15 g/l 12 – 22 g/l
e.g. Nickel Sulfate hexahydrate (NiSO4 * 6 H2O) 270 g/l 250 – 290 g/l
e.g. Nickel Chloride hexahydrate (NiCl2 * 6H2O) 50 g/l 40 – 75 g/l
Boric acid 45 g/l 40 – 50 g/l
The pH is lowered with sulfuric acid (diluted to 10 % (v/v)) or – if there is a lack of chloride ions – with
hydrochloric acid (diluted 1 : 1). To raise pH use nickel carbonate as a slurry packed on a plate filter and let
recirculate until the desired range is reached. Evaporation losses must be replenished by adding distilled or
deionized water.
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Nickel MPS-300 Liquid
6. Application Guidelines
The bath components should be analyzed regularly, to avoid high fluctuations in concentration. For the same
reason, it is recommended to run periodic Hull Cell tests.
Effect of Additives
Nickel Carrier A-5 (2x)
Is mainly responsible to provide high ductility and reduce internal stress of the deposit. It is very slowly
consumed by electrolysis, slightly taken out by carbon filtration, and partly removed by carbon treatment.
Nickel Carrier A-5 (2x), Nickel Additive SA-1, Supreme Plus Brightener
If no rinse is between bright nickel and Nickel MPS 300 the drag-in from the bright nickel is normally
sufficient to maintain the concentration of additives in Nickel MPS 300 plating solution. Dosing of these
bright nickel additives on Ah-basis is only needed if the parts are rinsed before entering the Nickel MPS 300
plating solution. The replenishment rate of the additives may be affected by the usage of auxiliary anodes
and the purification need of the plating solution may be higher.
MARK® 90 M 904
Is used to adjust the electrochemical potential difference between bright nickel and Nickel MPS 300 at
Make-Up and during operation.
Addition of 0.1 ml/l will increase the potential difference by approximately 10 mV. Maximum addition at a time
must not be higher than 0.1 ml/l MARK® 90 M 904.
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Nickel MPS-300 Liquid
Increased temperature (> 55 °C), drag-in of organic contamination, more break-down products or too
vigorous air agitation increase consumption of MARK® 90 M 904.
An excess of MARK® 90 M 904 creates chromability problems, therefore well controlled and continuous
dosing is recommended.
Monthly Treatment
The electrolyte should be treated at least monthly with 3 – 10 g/l powdered activated carbon and 1 – 6 ml/l
hydrogen peroxide (H2O2 min. 30%-Vol.) to remove wetting agent and excessive brightener. Drag-in of
wetting agent has a reducing effect on the pore count.
If the surface tension is below 45 mN/m (dynes/cm), the electrolyte should be treated with powdered active
carbon to remove wetting agent.
Excess of MPS 300 Pore Inducer can lead to agglomeration of the particles which requires subsequent
cleaning of the plating solution.
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Nickel MPS-300 Liquid
Pore Count
In accordance with valid standards the produced pore count must be ≥ (8,000 – 10,000) pores per cm2,
measured by Dubpernell test, Fuhrmann test or Fechner test.
Pore count measurements for process control should always be carried out at the same/ similar and
specified measuring area.
The pore count should be checked at least once per 8 hour shift.
To increase the pore count, particles need to be added based on a procedure described below “3) Make Up
Sequence” mentioned as “Add particles”.
Hexavalent Chromium: should be +20 to +45 mV vs. the bright nickel layer
Trivalent Chromium: should be +70 to +100 mV vs. the bright nickel layer
MARK® 90 M 904 is used to adjust the EP at Make-Up and during operation. The EP is controlled by the
STEP test method.
The correct pore count together with an adjusted electrochemical potential in range and optimum thickness
are the main contributors to achieve excellent results in corrosion testing.
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Nickel MPS-300 Liquid
• Hull Cell (267 ml cell) testing is carried out at 52 – 55 °C with moderate air agitation.
• Cell Current : 2 Ampere
• Time : 3 min or use the same time like in the working tank operation
• Cathode panel : polished, degreased and pickled brass or copper panel
A Hull Cell panel should show a uniform non-bright to semi-bright appearance; haze free, no milky patches
nor present other failures. A “fast” ductility test can be done bending the panel at HCD area.
For further information on product safety refer to the corresponding SDS. The SDS
is enclosed at the first delivery of a product. Otherwise a SDS for a product is
available on request from the appropriate regional Atotech office.
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Nickel MPS-300 Liquid
9. Document History
Current revision status Date Change against last version:
05 30.June.2014 AI added A0002265-01; AI update A0001050-03
06 04.Jan.2016 AI update A0000364-04
07 11.Jan.2017 AI update A0002265-02
08 22.Mar.2021 Complete Revised
This sheet shall serve for your information. The content of the sheet is based on our best Atotech Deutschland GmbH
knowledge. We do not undertake any duty to advise. The contents of the sheet shall not P.O. Box: 21 07 80
be considered as an agreement on condition and quality of the goods delivered. 10507 Berlin, Germany
The decision to use our products for its production purposes is the responsibility of our Erasmusstraße 20
customer. We can accept liability only for the quality of our products at delivery. If 10553 Berlin, Germany
difficulties arise in the application of our products, we propose that you contact our phone +49 (0) 30 349 85 0
technical service department. fax +49 (0) 30 349 85 777
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