(Refraction of Sea waves
-
Before the sea waves approach the beach the , sea wavefronts are almost
the water moves at uniform speed
parallel . The water
straight and because
around the
around the
cape is shallow while water bay is deep When sea .
waves more towards the the wavespeed will decrease causing the wavelength
cape ,
to become shorter Meanwhile , the sea waves at the bay area moves with
.
due the bay
higher
wave and
speed longer wavelength . Refraction
being deeper
towards the normal occur this causes the wavefront to bend and follow
,
the shape of the shorelinee.
-
At the cape , the refraction of wave causes the wave energy to converge at
the cape area resulting higher amplitude waves.
-
At the bay area the refraction of wave causes the wave energy to diverge
,
the amplitude of waves at the
and spread over a larger area
causing bay
area to be smaller
(Why sounds are softer
during day and louder during night ?
-
During the day air above the land is hotter than the air higher up.
,
When sound waves travel from a hot air region to a cold air region,
refraction of sound waves towards the normal occur sound waves are ,
bent
away from the surface of the Earth causing sound to be softer
when heard on the surface
.
above the land is cooler than the air
During the night up When higher
-
,
air .
sound waves travel from a cold air region to a hot air region , refraction of
sound waves away from normal occurs sound waves is bent towards the
,
surface of the Earth causing sound to be louder when heard on the surface
.
(Working Principle of Astronomical telescope) 5> Se L= SotSe n = c
-
The Astronomical telescope consists of two convex lens which are objective lens
named
and . The
eyepiece focal length of objective lens ,
to is longer than the focal length of
fe When the
parallel light rays from distant object pass through the
eyepiece . .
objective lens the light rays are converged to form an image
, , Is at the focal point
of objective lens Fo . The
Is is real inverted and diminished
, .
, position of eyepiece is
adjusted until the distance between objective lens and eyepiece L fotfe Fo-Fe, ,
=
.
Io is now the object for the eyepiece Light rays will then pass through
eyepiece which
.
, In that is virtual inverted
and
produces an image magnified with respect to the original
,
u =f rum
distant object. =R uaf rund
u= 2f RIS
-< uc2f RIM
(Working Principle of compound microscope) foclocks to ce ↳ fotse Kete
-
The compound microscope consists of two convex lenses named objective lens and eyepiece .
The focal length of objective lens to is shorter than the focal length of eyepiece fe When
C , .
light rays from the microscopic object pass through the objective lens the light &
rays are converged to form an image , Is
which is real inverted and magnified due to ,
fo and 250 The
object distance is between position of eyepiece is adjusted until the distance
.
between objective lens and L fotse The eyepiece acts
eyepiece ,
>
.a
magnifying glass when as ,
the
light rays pass thrown 9 eyepiece an image In which is virtual inverted and magnified
, , ,
with respect to the original microscopic object due to object distance uafe . ,
telescope
m =
G
1 Chapter :formula
3
universal
gravitation : F =
Gr
2) Gravitational acceleration :
·
surface :
g: /g (g' : ounder :
g (E)g
= ·
above :
g:th /g = ( ]ng
3) Mass of planet/moon/star : 1) M=
ii) m =
iii) M 4
= (M is the mass of the
larger body not the
,
one
orbiting)
orbitingbyis
Law andr aretaken from
the
4) &5)
,
centripetal force : Fc :
Kepler's Third
2
it) velocity proportion I
i acceleration : a = · : =
T2
r
: v=
r
6) man-made satellite :
) Velocity
orbital : ii) escupevecity
:
formula
Chapter 4 :
chapter 5: formula
1)
!
I xc =
(X 273)k + Wave speed :
2 A =
lo-lo
lis-lo X100 i) v = X ii) =
(different region)
3) Heat capacity C mc/C : = =
- 2) frequency : 5:
3) Distance d
t
4) Specific heat capacity : c=
R
to
: =
5) Latent Heat Q me/Pt me/Q Pt : = = = 4) Wavelength : <= - ---
6) Boyle's law RV Para (Pat)
--------
: =
7) Charles' law F = (vxT) :
X
8) Gay Lussac's law E (PAT) :
=
A
↑ ⑨ ---------------- "
..........
I screen
-x T
D
