Train Like A Champion Youth Athlete Edition Intro Book
Train Like A Champion Youth Athlete Edition Intro Book
When Boxing Science started in 2014, over 150,000 people took part in amateur boxing every
week in the UK. However, only the 20 elite standard amateurs from Team GB had recognised
sport science services to draw upon.
This is evident in our previous projects, which included youth S&C sessions, boxing gym support,
physical testing and our summer workshops aimed to educate and empower young athletes.
By purchasing this program, you've joined us at a milestone in our vision to revolutionise youth
training in Boxing. Not only is this the first youth S&C training program for boxing, but the profits
will help fund the Boxing Science Youth Initiative.
The youth initiative will help make our sport science services more accessible for young athletes,
and make sports science the norm for all aspiring boxers.
Welcome to the journey. We'll influence the next generation of Boxing Champions together.
                                         Contents
Growth, Maturation and Development                                                                      3
Strength Training                                                                                       8
Core Training                                                                                       10
Movement Training                                                                                   12
Principles of HIIT                                                                                  15
Testing Your Athletes                                                                               16
The Boxing Science Youth Initiative                                                                 23
Boxing Science Training Group                                                                       23
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This is where the Youth Physical Development Model comes into play. This model
suggests young people should continue to work on everything rather than focus on the
attainment of age-defined assessment targets.
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Youth Physical Development Model
Fundamental Movement Skills (FMS) should be incorporated into any training
programme as these are the foundations of movement. This should be a priority in early
to mid-childhood and then maintained within warm-ups while other elements take
priority.
Youths generally get minimal contact time for athletic development because sport-
specific skills often take priority. So we have to make clear decisions about the training
that will have the largest benefit with the time available.
Strength should always be a priority, and can be developed from a very young age. A
simple way to look at this is when a baby stands up or walks for the first time. They are
learning how to move and placing stress on their body in the process. This is very similar
to intentional strength exercises when prescribed by experienced and
qualified coaches.
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Monitoring and Measurement
Monitoring is an important aspect which is normally neglected, especially in high-
performance youth environments. Young athletes are regularly released or dropped from
performance programmes as the coaches assume that the young athlete in question
won't make it. Maybe this is because they are too small, not strong enough, not fast
enough, or suddenly had a decrease in performance.
All of these reasons are related to growth because changes in movement competency
during and after growth spurts can affect coordination. Coaches who have limited to no
paediatric knowledge will presume they've "lost it". Similarly, young athletes can be early
or late maturer, meaning you could have a technically gifted 13 -year-old and a late
maturer. This is a big problem with this mindset.
We can use parental heights to estimate adult height within 5 to 8 cm in males and 3 to 8
cm in females with 95% confidence. Tanner et al. (1970) proposed the following
calculations to predict adult height. Calculation for boys' mid-parental height (mother's
height + father's height + 13, divided by 2) and girls mid-parental height (mother's height
+ father's height – 13, divided by 2).
We could then investigate how tall he might be and estimate when he might reach his
target height. This type of analysis can inform the coaching process both in the short and
long term.
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When comparing between two athletes of the same chronological age, we can assess
their current height as a percentage of their predicted adult height. The athlete who has
a larger percentage of their adult is considered to be more mature.
Worked example
Male athlete height (cm) = 160 cm
360/2 = 180
(160/180)*100 = 89
It's worth noting that 95% of the time the actual adult height might be greater or less
than the predicted by up to 8 cm. That's a large error and still doesn't take into account
segmental anthropometrics like leg or arm length which are crucial for success in specific
sports.
Give It A Go…
Male athlete height (cm) =
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                                  Strength Training
The numbers suggest a punch in boxing requires significant to be force produced in a
short space of time. This is often characterised as the rate of force development. For us,
it’s more commonly known as ‘hand speed’.
Improving your hand speed
          Generating significant force in a short space of time is the result of many
           integrated processes, including genetic factors, muscle fibre type composition,
                               the ability of the nervous system to recruit motor units
                               and the structure and ultra-structure of muscle.
                                 The largest impulses are created by large forces optimised
                                for the time it takes to perform a skill. It’s important that
                        you can produce large amounts of force but an effective punch
                 relies on technique when initiating the punch and at impact.
                We need to develop a large amount of force in a short space of
time
The best way to improve rate of force development is to improve muscular strength.
There are many ways you can achieve this, however, the most effective would be weight
training.
What's the focus of strength training?
From our own research, we think that a few things contribute to punching force. These include:
Like we’ve said before, it’s not a case of ‘moving light weights quick’ or ‘grinding heavy
reps’.
It takes various training types programmed and delivered in a deliberate and systematic
manner. You can’t just jump into developing sport specific strength. It must be carefully
considered with respect to several inputs.
At Boxing Science, we use diverse training methods to get athletes stronger, more
explosive, moving better and punching harder.
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A huge array of research supports the many benefits of strength training in youth
populations.
As muscular strength is the foundation to many athletic qualities, it has been shown to
improve young people's balance, coordination, jumping and running. We know from our
studies that higher jumps correlate with harder punches.
It is widely debated that strength training can be harmful for young athletes. Strength
training CAN be harmful for ANYONE with poor technique and for those who load up too
heavy. Our exercise selection and progressions focus on movement skills that can be
safely be loaded in the future.
Reps x Sets
The research suggests that young athletes should start with 2 to 3 sets of 8 to 15
repetitions. As the young athlete develops you can either increase the load or change the
rep range to increase the difficulty. It's also plausible to go down to as little as 5 or 6 reps
for multiple sets for ages 14 and above, providing they have a good training history.
Challenge Movement
While we can train specific muscle groups which will improve punching force, it’s
important to train the whole body. This will prevent imbalances, where one part of the
body is stronger than the other. For example, regularly training the abdominals and
neglecting the lower back muscles will result in an imbalance. This will increase the risk of
sustaining injuries, as the body requires symmetry in order to function effectively.
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                                       Core Training
Whether it's sit-ups or leg raises, you've seen core training in most boxing sessions. For good
reason, as our testing results suggest the stronger your core, the harder your punch. Core
strength is important for a forceful punch because it links the lower and upper body in the Kinetic
chain.
The Kinetic Chain is a term used to describe how force is transferred through different parts of the
body to produce movement. In punching, force is transferred from the lower-body through to the
first.
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Although legs and arms perform most athletic skills, the forces are directed through the
core, which acts as a stabilising platform around which the limbs work.
A poorly developed trunk will limit the transfer of force to the limbs, creating ‘energy
leaks’ during athletic movements. Due to its importance in transferring energy, the core
can also help to keep the centre of mass over your base of support. This is crucial in
maintaining balance, stability, and movement competency.
In boxing gyms, coaches usually focus on spine flexion (e.g. sit-ups), slight extension (e.g.
dorsal raises) and rotation (e.g. Russian twists) to condition the core. However, we want
to focus on stability to avoid poor positions and potential increased stress on the spine.
Always keep the ‘exercise focus’ in mind. For example, if an ‘anti-rotation’ exercise is
being performed, the coach needs to observe whether athletes are resisting rotation
effectively.
Reps x Sets
Traditionally the core is trained using high rep ranges or for long durations. However,
athletes tend to pick up bad habits and postures due to fatigue. We want to optimise
each working set by resisting forces utilising the desired muscle groups.
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                              Movement Training
Movement competency is crucial for all young people’s athletic development, especially
combat athletes. Young people are moving less than ever before, most of the day they're
seated at school and the use of mobile devices and computer games increases sedentary
behaviour.
The athletic motor skill competencies are listed and explained below. It’s important that
young people initially master the technical aspects of these movement patterns, as these
are the basic movement patterns involved within a strength and conditioning programme
and sports performance. Once these are executed well, you can then start to increase the
load or stress demand on the body, for example increase the weight or exercise difficulty.
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            Lower Body Unilateral
            This includes single leg exercises which are quadriceps and glute dominant
            exercises, for example split squats and Cossack squats.
These exercises combine the use of both legs simultaneously, again within a
quadriceps and glute dominant movement, typically the most common
exercise is a squat.
            Upper Body Pushing
            Any upper body exercise where the arm extends away from the body would
            be categorized as this and can be broken down into two directional patterns,
            horizontal (e.g. press ups) and vertical (e.g. shoulder press).
            Core Stability
            The program should focus on developing stability across the four key
            movements of the spine, flexion, extension, rotation and lateral-flexion.
            Developing good core stability will enhance movement skills; transfer of force
            and reduce the likelihood of injury.
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                                   Fitness Training
In traditional boxing training methods, athletes perform long, steady road runs to build
up endurance to ‘go the distance’.
What about if we told you that boxing is not an endurance sport? And that you don't
need to spend hours pounding the pavements?
Scientific research shows that boxers experience high heart-rates and lactate levels, as
well as high punch frequency, volume and force output during competition.
Boxers can throw hundreds of punches throughout a fight; these are high-velocity actions
requiring a lot of force. The aim of the game is to perform attacking and defensive moves
at a superior intensity to control and dominate your opponent.
In the image below ‘Athlete B’ has the capability to perform at higher intensities than
‘Athlete A’. This allows ‘Athlete B’ to control the contest at an intensity that is greater
than the opponents.
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                                Principles of HIIT
The Red Zone
Sparring and competition will push you into what we call ‘the red zone’.
You know the feeling, your breathing is heavy and your heart is pumping hard.
It’s easy to make mistakes in this zone, thinking is harder, footwork slower and maybe
your punch force is a little less.
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                             Testing Your Athletes
Testing is one of the most important aspects of an effective sport science program.
Results can inform a boxer of their strengths and areas for improvement. This allows us
to structure an effective program, set appropriate goals and evaluate the success of the
training program.
However, it’s more than just fitness testing for boxing. The assessments set an elitist
mentality as we are improving the knowledge and understanding of how a boxer should
approach training and preparing for competition.
The testing sets our athletes up to train The Boxing Science Way.
                               Self-Assessment Tool
Use the self-assessment tools on the next few pages to assess you current fitness,
strength and mobility.
Perform the tests before you take part in the program, and then towards the end of your
program. We normally test 7 to 10 days before a fight.
Each result will be categorised 1-5, mark these scores on the spider graph below (see
below right for example). This will help standardise the scores to see what physical
characteristics you need to improve on the most.
                                                                Here's an example….
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                                      Overhead Squat
Overhead squat is a common mobility assessment tool that can tell us a lot about what
muscles are under- and over-active in our body. This is a test we often use with the
boxers at Boxing Science.
Good Example
       •   Arms straight above head                      •   Stick is parallel with floor
       •   Upper leg parallel with floor                 •   Knees are pushed to outside
       •   Knees do not go past toes                     •   Torso even – not leaning to one side
       •   Neutral head position                         •   Arms are straight, no bend at elbow
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                             Medicine Ball Punch Throw
                                               This is a valid test to estimate punching force
                                               for a straight backhand. All you need is some
                                               measuring tape (minimum 15 m long), some
                                               space and a 3 kg medicine ball.
                                                          Watch the Demo Video here
•    Place ball near chin with a split stance. Switch stance for right (orthodox) and left hands
     (southpaw).
•    Rapidly rotate and throw the ball as far as you can, keeping both feet planted.
•    Your score is determined by how far the ball travels before the first bounce
1 – < 25 cm 2 – 30 cm 3 – 35 cm 4 – 40 cm 5 – > 45 cm
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                                    1200 m shuttle-test
    The 1200 m shuttle test can be used when laboratory based fitness tests are not feasable.
    This is a useful tool for measuring Aerobic Fitness. For this test, all that is needed is a tape
    measure, a stopwatch and cones.
x 5 times
                                                                                                 0
    m                20 m              40 m                60 m
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                                    Testing Profile
Use the following testing profile to input your results, to give yourself an indication of
your strengths and weaknesses, and to track your progress.
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                                     The Authors
                          Danny Wilson BSc, MSc, ASCC – Boxing Science Co-founder and
                          Strength and Conditioning Coach
Danny has prepared many boxers competitive bouts, including IBF welterweight world
champion Kell Brook, WBA Bantamweight champion Jamie McDonnell, Kid Galahad,
Anthony Fowler and many more aspiring professional and amateur boxers. He is also the
lead for sport science services to England Boxing and is an England Boxing Level 1
qualified coach, enabling him to volunteer at Sheffield City ABC.
Danny is also a regional strength and conditioning coach for England Golf, working with
Yorkshire U16’s, U18’s and working with national level players. Danny has other
experiences in youth and professional standards across a range of sports, including
internships at Sheffield United, Sheffield Eagles and Chesterfield FC.
Alan is a BASES accredited sport & exercise scientist and one of the UK’s first chartered
scientists in sport science. Alan has also recently completed his PhD “Alleviating heat
strain during exercise: Hand cooling and thermoregulation”.
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                         Ashley Downing, BSc, MSc, ASCC – Strength and Conditioning
                         Coach for GB Para-Archery and Scottish Exiles
Ash previously was Head of Strength & Conditioning at Rotherham Titans RUFC,
managing the physical development and performance of professional rugby players
competing in the Greene King IPA Championship. He has also previously worked at
Sheffield Hallam University with their performance athletes and other external clients
through the University’s Performance Consultancy Programme, and was National Lead
Strength & Conditioning Coach for England Basketball U17’s. Outside of his coaching roles
Ash has lectured on sport coaching and sport science courses at Sheffield College and
Sheffield Hallam University.
Ash has extensive experience working with young people within both sport specific
coaching and athletic development contexts. He has worked as a football coach for both
West Bromwich Albion FC and Sheffield Wednesday FC development centres, as well as
running youth strength and conditioning programmes at Sheffield Hallam University with
a range of young people from age 4-18, he still continues to work with young athletes
within GB Archery’s Olympic Pathway and Scottish Rugby’s SQ programmes.
Alongside this, he has worked in youth football, with Sheffield Wednesday FC’s Academy
as an S&C Intern. Tommy also runs our youth initiative sessions providing S&C support to
young amateur boxers and is a Level 2 Boxing Coach at Sheffield City ABC.
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                 The Boxing Science Youth Initiative
The youth initiative will help make our sport science services more accessible for young
athletes, and make sports science the norm for all aspiring boxers.
Boxing Science ‘Youth Athlete Initiative’ is a project that aims to make sport science
training more accessible to aspiring young boxers
We will look to educate, test, feedback, guide and train youth athletes across the UK. We
look to gather data and perform research to highlight the need for sport science for
young boxers, this will transform boxing’s approach to boxing.
We start by pledging 30% of the profits made from the Youth Training Program, so thank
you for contributing to the future of the best sport in the world.
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DISCLAIMER:
Boxing Science provide a guide to help educate better training practices in Boxing.
Methods used in this guide are supported by scientific research that has been granted
ethical approval. Boxing Science, or any of the authors, do not take responsibility of any
injuries or illness any user may experience whilst on the program.
The information in this book has been compiled by way of general guidance in relation to
the specific subjects addressed, but it is not a substitute and not to be relied on for
medical, healthcare, pharmaceutical or other professional advice on specific
circumstances and in specific locations.
Please consult your GP before changing, stopping, or starting any medical treatment.
Please consult your GP before following any recommendations or undertaking any of the
training sessions described within this book.
So far as the authors are aware, all information contained within this book is correct and
up to date as of January 2018.
Practice, laws and regulations all change, and the reader should obtain up to date
professional advice on these before following the advice presented within this book.
The authors, disclaim, as far as the law allows, any liability arising directly or indirectly
from the use, misuse, of information contained in this book.