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Lessons of HTML

The document discusses various HTML elements and attributes. It describes common elements like headings, links, and images and how they are defined using tags and attributes. It provides examples of attributes like href, src, alt, width, height, style, and others. It also discusses best practices for HTML like using lowercase for tags and attributes and always including quotes around attribute values.

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Jihane ET-taqy
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
44 views

Lessons of HTML

The document discusses various HTML elements and attributes. It describes common elements like headings, links, and images and how they are defined using tags and attributes. It provides examples of attributes like href, src, alt, width, height, style, and others. It also discusses best practices for HTML like using lowercase for tags and attributes and always including quotes around attribute values.

Uploaded by

Jihane ET-taqy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HTML Headings

HTML headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags.


<h1> defines the most important heading. <h6> defines the least important heading:

HTML Links
HTML links are defined with the <a> tag
example :
<a href="https://www.w3schools.com">This is a link</a>
The link's destination is specified in the href attribute.
Attributes are used to provide additional information about HTML elements.
You will learn more about attributes in a later chapter.

HTML Images
HTML images are defined with the <img> tag.
The source file (src), alternative text (alt), width, and height are provided as
attributes:
Example:
<img src="w3schools.jpg" alt="W3Schools.com" width="104" height="142">

HTML Elements
The HTML element is everything from the start tag to the end tag:
<tagname>Content goes here...</tagname>

How to View HTML Source


Have you ever seen a Web page and wondered "Hey! How did they do that?"

View HTML Source Code:


Right-click in an HTML page and select "View Page Source" (in Chrome) or "View
Source" (in Edge), or similar in other browsers. This will open a window containing
the HTML source code of the page.

Inspect an HTML Element:


Right-click on an element (or a blank area), and choose "Inspect" or "Inspect
Element" to see what elements are made up of (you will see both the HTML and the
CSS). You can also edit the HTML or CSS on-the-fly in the Elements or Styles panel
that opens.

Empty HTML Elements


HTML elements with no content are called empty elements.
The <br> tag defines a line break, and is an empty element without a closing tag:
Example
<p>This is a <br> paragraph with a line break.</p>
TML is Not Case Sensitive
HTML tags are not case sensitive: <P> means the same as <p>.

The HTML standard does not require lowercase tags, but W3C recommends lowercase in
HTML, and demands lowercase for stricter document types like XHTML.

The src Attribute


The <img> tag is used to embed an image in an HTML page. The src attribute
specifies the path to the image to be displayed:

Example
<img src="img_girl.jpg">
There are two ways to specify the URL in the src attribute:

1. Absolute URL - Links to an external image that is hosted on another website.


Example: src="https://www.w3schools.com/images/img_girl.jpg".

Notes: External images might be under copyright. If you do not get permission to
use it, you may be in violation of copyright laws. In addition, you cannot control
external images; it can suddenly be removed or changed.

2. Relative URL - Links to an image that is hosted within the website. Here, the
URL does not include the domain name. If the URL begins without a slash, it will be
relative to the current page. Example: src="img_girl.jpg". If the URL begins with a
slash, it will be relative to the domain. Example: src="/images/img_girl.jpg".

Tip: It is almost always best to use relative URLs. They will not break if you
change domain.

The width and height Attributes


The <img> tag should also contain the width and height attributes, which specify
the width and height of the image (in pixels):

Example
<img src="img_girl.jpg" width="500" height="600">
The alt Attribute
The required alt attribute for the <img> tag specifies an alternate text for an
image, if the image for some reason cannot be displayed. This can be due to a slow
connection, or an error in the src attribute, or if the user uses a screen reader.

Example
<img src="img_girl.jpg" alt="Girl with a jacket">
Example
See what happens if we try to display an image that does not exist:

<img src="img_typo.jpg" alt="Girl with a jacket">


You will learn more about images in our HTML Images chapter.

The style Attribute


The style attribute is used to add styles to an element, such as color, font, size,
and more.

Example
<p style="color:red;">This is a red paragraph.</p>
You will learn more about styles in our HTML Styles chapter.

The lang Attribute


You should always include the lang attribute inside the <html> tag, to declare the
language of the Web page. This is meant to assist search engines and browsers.

The following example specifies English as the language:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<body>
...
</body>
</html>
Country codes can also be added to the language code in the lang attribute. So, the
first two characters define the language of the HTML page, and the last two
characters define the country.

The following example specifies English as the language and United States as the
country:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en-US">
<body>
...
</body>
</html>
You can see all the language codes in our HTML Language Code Reference.

The title Attribute


The title attribute defines some extra information about an element.

The value of the title attribute will be displayed as a tooltip when you mouse over
the element:

Example
<p title="I'm a tooltip">This is a paragraph.</p>
We Suggest: Always Use Lowercase Attributes
The HTML standard does not require lowercase attribute names.

The title attribute (and all other attributes) can be written with uppercase or
lowercase like title or TITLE.

However, W3C recommends lowercase attributes in HTML, and demands lowercase


attributes for stricter document types like XHTML.

At W3Schools we always use lowercase attribute names.

We Suggest: Always Quote Attribute Values


The HTML standard does not require quotes around attribute values.

However, W3C recommends quotes in HTML, and demands quotes for stricter document
types like XHTML.

Good:
<a href="https://www.w3schools.com/html/">Visit our HTML tutorial</a>
Bad:
<a href=https://www.w3schools.com/html/>Visit our HTML tutorial</a>
Sometimes you have to use quotes. This example will not display the title attribute
correctly, because it contains a space:

Example
<p title=About W3Schools>
At W3Schools we always use quotes around attribute values.

Single or Double Quotes?


Double quotes around attribute values are the most common in HTML, but single
quotes can also be used.

In some situations, when the attribute value itself contains double quotes, it is
necessary to use single quotes:
<p title='John "ShotGun" Nelson'>
Or vice versa:

<p title="John 'ShotGun' Nelson">


Chapter Summary
All HTML elements can have attributes
The href attribute of <a> specifies the URL of the page the link goes to
The src attribute of <img> specifies the path to the image to be displayed
The width and height attributes of <img> provide size information for images
The alt attribute of <img> provides an alternate text for an image
The style attribute is used to add styles to an element, such as color, font, size,
and more
The lang attribute of the <html> tag declares the language of the Web page
The title attribute defines some extra information about an element
HTML Exercises
Test Yourself With Exercises
Exercise:
Add a "tooltip" to the paragraph below with the text "About W3Schools".

<p
="About W3Schools">W3Schools is a web developer's site.</p>

Start the Exercise

HTML Attribute Reference


A complete list of all attributes for each HTML element, is listed in our: HTML
Attribute Reference.

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