50 CBSE New Pattern ~ Physics 11th (Term-I)

Motion in a Plane

Quick Revision
1. Scalar Quantity is the physical quantity which 5. Modulus of a Vector The magnitude of a
has only magnitude but no direction. It is vector is called modulus of vector. For a
specified completely by a single number, vector A, it is represented by | A | or A.
alongwith the proper unit. 6. Unit Vector It is a vector having unit
e.g. Temperature, mass, length, time, work, etc. $
magnitude. A unit vector of A is written as A.
2. Vector Quantity is the physical quantity It is expressed as
which has both magnitude and direction and $ = A =A
obeys the triangle/ parallelogram laws of vector A
| A| A
addition and subtraction.
or A = AA $
e.g. Displacement, acceleration, velocity,
momentum, force, etc. In cartesian coordinates, i$, $j and k$ are the unit
3. Representation of Vector A vector is vectors along X -axis, Y -axis and Z -axis.
represented by a bold face type or by
an arrow placed over a letter, It has no unit or dimensions.
® ® ® 7. Equal Vectors Two vectors are said to be
i.e. F , a, b or F , a , b .
equal, if they have equal magnitude and same
The length of the line gives the magnitude and direction.
the arrowhead gives the direction. 8. Resultant Vector It is the combination of
4. Types of Vectors Vectors are classified into two or more vectors and it produces the same
two types polar and axial vectors. effect as two or more vectors collectively
● Polar Vectors Vectors which have a starting produce.
point or a point of application are called polar Two cases for resultant vectors are as follows
vectors. e.g. Force, displacement, etc. Case I When two vectors are acting in
● Axial Vectors Vectors which represent the same direction
the rotational effect and act along the axis of A
rotation are called axial vectors.
e.g. Angular velocity, angular momentum, B
torque, etc.
Resultant vector, R = A + B
 Case II When two vectors are acting in The resultant vector formed in this method is
mutually opposite directions also same as that formed in triangle law of
A addition. i.e. Resultant vector, R = A + B
● Polygon Law of Addition of Vectors This
law states that, when the number of vectors
B
are represented in both magnitude and
Resultant vector, R = A – B direction by the sides of an open polygon
(i) If B > A, then direction of R is along B. taken in an order, then their resultant is
represented in both magnitude and direction
(ii) If A > B, then direction of R is along A. by the closing side of the polygon taken in
9. Addition of Two Vectors (Graphical Method) opposite order.
Two vectors can be added, if both of them are Consider a number of vectors A, B, C and D
of same nature. Graphical method of addition be acting in different directions as shown
of vectors helps us in visualising the vectors D
S
and the resultant vector. T C
This method contains following laws C
+
● Triangle Law of Vector Addition This B Q
R +
law states that, if two vectors can be A B
A+
represented both in magnitude and direction B
by two sides of a triangle taken in the same
O P
order, then their resultant is represented A
completely, both in magnitude and direction, According to this law,
by the third side of the triangle taken in the
opposite order. OT = OP + PQ + QS + ST
Addition N \ Resultant vector, R = A + B + C + D
10. Properties of Addition of Vectors
B
A+ ● It follows commutative law,
B R= B
i.e. A + B = B + A
A θ ● It follows associative law,
O M
A ( A + B) + C = A + ( B + C )
According to triangle law of vector addition, ● It follows distributive law,
ON = OM + MN l( A + B ) = l A + l B
Resultant vector, R = A + B ● A+0=A
● Parallelogram Law of Addition of Two 11. Subtraction of Two Vectors
Vectors This law states that, if two vectors (Graphical Method) If a vector B is to be
are acting on a particle at the same time be subtracted from vector A, then we have to
represented in magnitude and direction by invert the vector B and then add it with vector
two adjacent sides of a parallelogram drawn A, according to laws of addition of two vectors.
from a point, their resultant vector is
Hence, the subtraction of vector B from a vector
represented in magnitude and direction by
A is expressed as R = A + ( - B ) = A - B
the diagonal of the parallelogram drawn
from the same point. B B
C
B B Subtraction A
B R=
B A+ A
Addition R= –B
O α A
A θ –B
O A
A
12. Properties of Subtraction of Vectors Y
● Subtraction of vectors does not follow

commutative law
A-B¹B-A Ay
Ay A
● It does not follow associative law
β
γ α Ax
A - ( B - C ) ¹ ( A - B) - C X
● It follows distributive law Az
Az
l( A - B ) = l A - l B Ax
13. Resolution of Vectors in Plane Z l2 +m2+n2=1
Ax
(In Two-Dimensions) The process of splitting Remember that, cos a = =l
a single vector into two or more vectors in A + A 2y + Az2
2
x

different directions which collectively produce Ay

the same effect as produced by the single cos b = =m
vector alone is known as resolution of a vector. A + A 2y + Az2
2
x

The various vectors into which the single Az

cos g = =n
vector is splitted are known as component A + A 2y + Az2
2
x
vectors.
Any vector r can be expressed as a linear Here, l, m and n are known as direction
combination of two unit vectors $i and $j at right cosines of A.
angle, i.e. r = x i$ + y $j. 15. Addition of Vectors (Analytical Method)
According to triangle law of vector addition,
the resultant ( R ) is given by OQ but in opposite
P (x,y)
j order.
Q
r
θ
O
i R B

\Magnitude of resultant vector = | r | = x 2 + y 2 β θ

O P
N
If q is the inclination of r with X-axis, then A

æy ö Resultant, R = A 2 + B 2 + 2 AB cos q
angle, q = tan -1 ç ÷.
èx ø and direction of resultant R,
14. Resolution of a Space Vector B sin q
tan b =
(In Three-Dimensions) We can resolve a A + B cos q
general vector A into three components along
X, Y and Z-axes in three dimensions (i.e. Regarding the Magnitude of R
space). While resolving we have, ● When q = 0 °, then R = A + B (maximum)

Ax = A cos a , ● When q = 90 ° , then R = A 2 + B 2

A y = A cos b, Az = A cos g ● When q = 180 °, then R = A - B (minimum)
\ Resultant vector, 16. Subtraction of Vectors (Analytical Method)
A = A $i + A $j + A k$ There are two vectors A and B at an angle q. If
x y z
we have to subtract B from A, then first invert
Magnitude of vector A is A = Ax2 + A y2 + Az2 the vector B and then add with A as shown in
figure.
 Addition B
19. Vector Product or Cross Product
of inverted
B B θ A
It is defined as the product of the magnitudes
R of vectors A and B and the sine angle between
π –θ = A them.
A –B –
B
It is represented as, A ´ B = AB sin q n$
where, n$ is a unit vector in the direction of
The resultant vector is R = A + ( - B ) = A - B A ´ B.
The magnitude of resultant in this case is Cross Product of Two Vectors in Terms of
Their Components
R = | R | = A 2 + B 2 + 2 AB cos ( p - q )
If a = a i$ + a $j + a k$ and b = b $i + b $j + b k$ ,
1 2 3 1 2 3
or R = A 2 + B 2 - 2 AB cos q
$i $j k$
Regarding the magnitude of R
● When q = 0 °, then R = A - B (minimum)
then a ´ b = a1 a2 a3
b1 b2 b3
● When q = 90 °, then R = A 2 + B 2
● When q = 180 °, then R = A + B (maximum) = (a 2b 3 - a 3b 2 )$i - (a 1b 3 - a 3b 1 ) $j + (a 1b 2 - a 2b 1 ) k$
17. Dot Product or Scalar Product It is defined where, $i ´ i$ = $j ´ $j = k$ ´ k$ = 0
as the product of the magnitudes of vectors A
and $i ´ $j = k$ , $j ´ k$ = i$, k$ ´ $i = $j,
and B and the cosine angle between them. It is
represented by $j ´ i$ = - k$ , k$ ´ $j = - i$, i$ ´ k$ = - $j
A × B = AB cos q
Case I When the two vectors are parallel, 20. Properties of Cross Product
● a ´ b = - b ´ a
then q = 0°. We have
● a ´ ( b + c) = a ´ b + a ´ c
A × B = AB cos 0 ° = AB
● (a ´ b ) + (c ´ d ) = (a ´ c ) + (a ´ d ) + ( b ´ c )
Case II When the two vectors are mutually + ( b ´ d)
perpendicular, then, q = 90 °. We have ● ma ´ b = a ´ mb
A × B = AB cos 90 ° = 0 ● ( b + c) a = b ´ a + c ´ a
● a ´ a = 0
Case III When the two vectors are anti-parallel,
● a ´ ( b - c) = a ´ b - a ´ c
then q = 180° . We have
● | a ´ b| = | a | |b| - | a × b|
2 2 2 2
A × B = AB cos 180 ° = - AB
● a ´ ( b ´ c) = ( c × a) b - ( b × a) c
18. Properties of Dot Product
● a × a = (a)
2 21. Position Vector A vector that extends from a
● a × b = b× a
reference point to the point at which particle is
located is called position vector.
● a × ( b + c) = a × b + a × c
y
● a × b = | a | | b | cos q

= a 1b 1 + a 2b 2 + a 3b 3
B
where, a = a i$ + a $j + a k$ ,
1 2 3
P
y^
j r
and b = b 1$i + b 2$j + b 3k$
x
Here, $i × $i = $j × $j = k$ × k$ = 1 O x^
i A

For a particle at point P , its position vector,

i$ × $j = $j × k$ = k$ × i$ = 0
r = x i$ + y $j
 In three-dimensions, the position vector is ● Instantaneous Velocity The velocity at an
represented as r = x i$ + y $j + z k$ instant of time (t ) is known as instantaneous
velocity.
22. Displacement Vector This vector represent
the straight line joining the initial and final The average velocity will become
positions of a particle. instantaneous, if Dt approaches to zero. The
It does not depends on the actual path instantaneous velocity is expressed as
undertaken by the particle between the two Dr d r d
v i = lim = = ( x i$ + y $j )
positions. Dt ® 0 D t dt dt
y
24. Acceleration The rate of change of velocity
y2 of a body w.r.t. time is called acceleration. It is
A ∆r B of two types as given below
y1 ● Average Acceleration It is defined as the
r1 r2
ratio of change in velocity ( Dv ) and the
x
corresponding time interval ( Dt ). It can be
O x1 x2 expressed as
Displacement vector, AB
change in velocity Dv v 2 - v 1
Dr = ( x 2 - x 1 ) i$ + ( y 2 - y 1 ) $j a av = = =
time taken Dt t2 - t1
Similarly, in three-dimensions, the ● Instantaneous Acceleration It is defined
displacement vector can be represented as as the limiting value of the average
Dr = ( x - x ) i$ + ( y - y )$j + (z - z ) k$
2 1 2 1 2 1
acceleration as the time interval approaches
to zero.
23. Velocity Rate of change of displacement of a
body w.r.t. time is called velocity. It is of two Dv d v
It can be expressed as, a i = lim =
Dt ® 0 D t dt
types as given below
● Average Velocity It is defined as the ratio Instantaneous acceleration, a = a i + a $j
i
$
x y
of the net displacement and the
corresponding time interval. In terms of x and y, a x and a y can be
expressed as
net displacement
Thus, average velocity = dv
time taken ax = x
dt
Average velocity, dv y
Dr r2 - r1 Dx $ Dy $ and ay =
v av = = = i+ j dt
Dt t2 - t1 Dt Dt
The magnitude of instantaneous acceleration is
Velocity can be expressed in the component given by
form as a i = a x2 + a 2y
v = v i$ + v $j x y
æa y ö
where, v x and v y are the components of Direction of acceleration, q = tan –1 ç ÷
èax ø
velocity along x-direction and y-direction,
respectively. 25. Motion in a Plane with Uniform
Velocity Consider an object moving with
The magnitude of v is given by
uniform velocity v in xy-plane. Let r (0 ) and
| v | = v x2 + v 2y r (t ) be its position vectors at t = 0 and t = t,
respectively.
and the direction of v is given by angle q
r (t ) - r (0 )
æv y ö Then , v=
= tan -1 ç ÷ t -0
èvx ø
 Þ r ( t ) = r ( 0 ) + vt ● Position of the object at time t along
26. Motion in a Plane with Constant horizontal direction is given by
Acceleration For a body moving with 1
x = x 0 + ux t + ax t2
uniform acceleration, we have 2
v - v0 Position of the object at any time t along the
a= Þ v = v0 + a t
●

t -0 vertical direction i.e. OY is

In terms of rectangular components, we can æ1 g ö 2
y = x tan q - ç ÷x
è 2 u cos q ø
2 2
express it as
v x = v 0x + a x t
This equation represents a parabola and is
and v y = v0y + a yt known as equation of trajectory of a
1 projectile.
Also, r (t ) = r (0 ) + v 0 + at
2 30. Time of Flight It is defined as the total time
27. Relative Velocity in Two-Dimensions The for which projectile is in flight, i.e. time during
relative velocity of an object A w.r.t. object B, the motion of projectile from O to B. It is
when both are in motion, is the rate of change denoted by T .
of position of object A w.r.t. object B. 2 u sin q
Time of flight, T =
Suppose two objects A and B are moving with g
velocities v A and v B w.r.t. ground or the earth.
Then, relative velocity of object A w.r.t. object Time of flight consist of two parts such as
B, ● Time taken by an object to go from point O
v AB = v A - v B to H . It is also known as time of ascent (t).
● Time taken by an object to go from point H
Relative velocity of object B w.r.t. object A,
to B. It is also known as time of descent (t).
v BA = v B - v A
31. Maximum Height of a Projectile It is
Clearly, v AB = - v BA defined as the maximum vertical height
and | v AB | = | v BA | attained by an object above the point of
projection during its flight. It is denoted by H.
28. Projectile Motion It is a form of motion in
Maximum height,
which an object or a particle is thrown with
some initial velocity near the earth’s surface u 2 sin 2 q
H =
and it moves along a curved path under the 2g
action of gravity alone. The path followed by a 32. Horizontal Range of a Projectile The
projectile is called its trajectory. e.g., horizontal range of the projectile is defined as
● A tennis ball or a baseball in a flight.
the horizontal distance covered by the
● A bullet fired from a rifle. projectile during its time of flight. It is denoted
29. Equation of Path of a Projectile Suppose at by R and is given as
any time t 1, the object reaches at point P ( x , y ). R = u cos q ´ T
Y u 2 sin 2q
or R=
g
u u cos θ
The horizontal range will be maximum, if
u sin θ x P(x, y)
q = 45°.
H
y \ Maximum horizontal range,
θ u2
O
u cos θ B
X Rm =
g
Angle of projection
R
33. Uniform Circular Motion When an object ● Time Period It is defined as the time taken
follows a circular path at a constant speed, by a particle to complete one revolution along
the motion of the object is called uniform its circular path. It is denoted by T and is
circular motion. measured in second.
e.g., ● Frequency It is defined as the number of
● Motion of the tip of the second hand of revolutions completed per unit time. It is
a clock. denoted by f and is measured in Hz.
● Motion of a point on the rim of a wheel ● Relation between Time Period and
rotating uniformly. Frequency
34. Terms Related to Circular Motion 1
Time period, T =
● Angular Displacement It is defined as f
the angle traced out by the radius vector at
the centre of the circular path in the given
● Relation between Angular Velocity,
time. It is denoted by Dq and expressed in Frequency and Time Period
radians. It is a dimensionless quantity. q 2p
Angular velocity, w = = = 2 pf
● Angular Velocity It is defined as the t T
time rate of change of its angular ● Relation between Linear Velocity (v ) and
displacement. It is denoted by w and is
measured in radians per second. Its Angular velocity ( w)
dimensional formula is [M 0 L0 T -1 ]. It is a Dq
vector quantity. Linear velocity, v = r =r w
Dt
Dq
It is expressed as w = . 35. Centripetal Acceleration The acceleration
Dt
associated with a uniform circular motion and
● Angular Acceleration It is defined as
whose direction is towards the centre of the path
the time rate of change of angular velocity is called centripetal acceleration.
of a particle. It is measured in radian per
second square and has dimensions v2
Centripetal acceleration, a =
[M 0 L0 T -2 ]. r
CBSE New Pattern ~ Physics 11th (Term-I) 57

Objective Questions
Multiple Choice Questions
1. In order to describe motion in two or 7. A and B are two inclined vectors. R is
three dimensions, we use their sum.
(a) positive sign (b) vectors Choose the correct figure for the given
(c) negative sign (d) Both (b) and (c) description.
P P
2. If length and breadth of a rectangle are A A
1 m and 0.5 m respectively, then its (a) O B (b) O B
perimeter will be a R= R=
A+ A+
(a) free vector (b) scalar quantity B B
(c) localised vector (d) Neither (a) nor (b) Q Q

3. Consider the quantities, pressure, A P P

A
power, energy, impulse, gravitational
potential, electrical charge, (c) O B (d) O B
temperature, area. Out of these, the R= R=
A+ A+
only vector quantities are B B
(NCERT Exemplar) Q Q

(a) impulse, pressure and area 8. Find the correct option about vector
(b) impulse and area subtraction.
(c) area and gravitational potential
(a) A - B = A + B (b) A + B = B - A
(d) impulse and pressure
(c) A - B = A + (- B) (d) None of these
4. Suppose an object is at point P at time t
moves to P ¢ and then comes back to P . 9. A is a vector with magnitude A, then
Then, displacement is a the unit vector a$ in the direction of
(a) unit vector (b) null vector vector A is
(c) scalar (d) None of these A
(a) AA (b) A× A (c) A ´ A (d)
A
5. The relation between the vectors A and
- lA is that,
10. Unit vector in the direction of the
resultant of vectors A = - 3$i - 2$j - 3k$
(a) both have same magnitude
(b) both have same direction and B = 2$i + 4 $j + 6 k$ is
(c) they have opposite directions - 3$i + 2 $j - 3k$
(d) None of the above (a) (b) - $i + 2$j + 3 k$
14
6. Choose the correct option regarding the - i + 2 $j + 3 k$
$
(c) (d) - 2 $i - 4 $j + 8 k$
given figure. 14

A 11. If A = B + C have scalar magnitudes of

5, 4, 3 units respectively, then the angle
B
=

between A and C is
A
–2

(a) cos- 1 (3/5) (b) cos- 1 (4 /5)

(a) B = A (b) B = - A (c) p /2 (d) sin- 1 (4 /5)
(c) | B | = | A | (d) | B | ¹ | A |
12. For two vectors A and B, 16. Magnitude of a vector Q is 5 and
| A + B | = | A - B | is always true, when magnitude of its y-component is 4. So,
(a) | A | = | B | ¹ 0 the magnitude of the x-component of
(b) | A | = | B | ¹ 0 and A and B are parallel or this vector is
anti-parallel (a) 8 (b) 3
(c) either | A | or | B | is zero (c) 6 (d) 9
(d) None of the above
17. Three vectors are given as
13. Two equal vectors have a resultant P = 3$i - 4 $j, Q = 6 $i - 8 $j and
equal to either of the two. The angle
R = ( 3/ 4 ) $i - $j, then which of the
between them is
(a) 90° (b) 60° following is correct?
(c) 120° (d) 0° (a) P, Q and R are equal vectors
(b) P and Q are parallel but R is not parallel
14. Consider a vector A that lies in (c) P, Q and R are parallel
xy-plane. If A x and A y are the (d) None of the above
magnitudes of its x and y -components
respectively, then the correct 18. A vector is inclined at an angle 60° to
representation of A can be given by the horizontal. If its rectangular
y component in the horizontal direction
is 50 N, then its magnitude in the
A vertical direction is
(a) A sin θ j (a) 25 N (b) 75 N
θ (c) 87 N (d) 100 N
O x
A cos θ î
y 19. The angle q between the vector
p = $i + $j + k$ and unit vector along
A X -axis is
(b) A sin θ j
θ æ 1 ö æ 1 ö
O x (a) cos- 1 ç ÷ (b) cos- 1 ç ÷
è 3ø è 2ø
A cos θ î
y æ 3ö æ1ö
(c) cos- 1 ç ÷ (d) cos- 1 ç ÷
è 2 ø è2ø
A
(c) A cos θ j 20. Two vectors P and Q are inclined at an
θ angle q and R is their resultant as
O x
A sin θ î shown in the figure.
(d) None of the above
Q
15. The component of a vector r along R
X-axis will have maximum value if q
(NCERT Exemplar) a
(a) r is along positive Y-axis O P
(b) r is along positive X-axis
Keeping the magnitude and the angle of
(c) r makes an angle of 45° with the X-axis
the vectors same, if the direction of P
(d) r is along negative Y-axis
and Q is interchanged, then their is a
 change in which of the following with y

regard to R?
(a) Magnitude P′
∆y P
(b) Direction ∆r
(c) Both magnitude and direction r′
(d) None of the above r

21. It is found that A + B = A . This

x
necessarily implies O ∆x
(a) | B| =0 where, coordinates of P is (4, 3) and P ¢
(b) A, B are parallel is (7, 6). Net displacement of the
(c) A, B are perpendicular particle will be
(d) A; B £ 0
(a) zero (b) 7$i + 9 $j
22. The sides of a parallelogram are (c) 10$i + 18 $j (d) 3$i + 3$j
represented by vectors p = 5$i - 4 $j + 3k$
and q = 3$i + 2$j - k.
$ Then, the area of 26. A particle moves in xy-plane from
the parallelogram is positions ( 2 m, 4 m) to (6 m, 8 m) is 2 s.
Magnitude and direction of average
(a) 684 sq. units (b) 72 sq. units
velocity is
(c) 171 sq. units (d) 72 sq. units
(a) 2 ms-1 and 45° (b) 2 2 ms-1 and 45°
23. If a × b = | a ´ b | , then the angle q (c) 4 2 ms-1 and 30° (d) 3 2 ms-1 and 60°
between a and b will be 27. The direction of instantaneous velocity
(a) 60° (b) 45° (c) 75° (d) 90° is shown by
of v fv
24. Position vector r of a particle P located Y ctio
n Y tion o
Dire Direc
in a plane with reference to the origin P 2 ∆r3
P P3
of an xy-plane as shown in the figure (a) ∆r2 (b) P
below is given by
r r2 r r1
y
O X O X
Y v
P tio n of
c
Dire
(c) P (d) None of these
4 units r
r

O X
x
O 2 units
(a) 2 $i + 4 $j (b) 4 $i + 2 $j
28. The position of a particle is given by
r = 3t $i + 2t 2 $j + 5k$ , then the direction of
(c) 6 k$ (d) $i + $j + 4 k$
v (t) at t = 1s in
25. Suppose a particle moves along a curve (a) 45° with X-axis
shown by the thick line and the (b) 63° with Y-axis
positions of particle are represented by (c) 30° with Y-axis
P at t and P ¢ at t ¢. (d) 53° with X-axis
29. In three dimensional system, the 34. A girl can swim with speed 5 kmh -1 in
position coordinates of a particle (in still water. She crosses a river 2 km
motion) are given below wide, where the river flows steadily at
x = a cos wt 2 kmh -1 and she makes strokes normal
y = a sin wt to the river current. Find how far down
z = awt the river she go when she reaches the
other bank.
The velocity of particle will be
(a) 1 km (b) 2 km
(a) 2 aw (b) 2 aw (c) 800 m (d) 750 m
(c) aw (d) 3 aw
35. When a ball is thrown obliquely from
30. The coordinates of a moving particle at the ground level, then the x-component
any time t are given by, x = 2t 3 and of the velocity
y = 3t 3 . Acceleration of the particle is (a) decreases with time
given by (b) increases with time
(a) 468 t (b) t 468 (c) 234 t 2 (d) t 234 (c) remains constant
31. A particle starts from origin at t = 0 (d) zero
with a velocity 5.0 $i ms -1 and moves in 36. The motion of an object that is in flight
xy-plane under action of force which after being projected is a result of two
produces a constant acceleration of simultaneously occurring components
( 3.0 $i + 2.0 $j) ms -2 . What is the of motion, which are the components in
y-coordinate of the particle at the (a) horizontal direction with constant
instant, if x-coordinate is 84 m? acceleration
(a) 36 m (b) 24 m (b) vertical direction with constant
(c) 39 m (d) 18 m acceleration
(c) horizontal direction without acceleration
32. A car driver is moving towards a fired (d) Both (b) and (c)
rocket with a velocity of 8$i ms -1 . He
observed the rocket to be moving with 37. At the top of the trajectory of a
a speed of 10 ms -1 . A stationary projectile, the directions of its velocity
observer will see the rocket to be and acceleration are
moving with a speed of (a) parallel to each other
(a) 5 ms -1 (b) 6 ms -1 (b) antiparallel to each other
(c) 7 ms -1 (d) 8 ms -1 (c) inclined to each other at an angle of 45°
(d) perpendicular to each other
33. A man standing on a road has to hold
his umbrella at 30° with the vertical to 38. A projectile is given an initial velocity
keep the rain away. He throws the of ( $i + 2$j) ms -1 , where $i is along the
umbrella and starts running at ground and $j is along vertical. If g is
10 kmh - 1 . 10 ms -2 , then the equation of its
He finds that raindrops are hitting his trajectory is
head vertically. The actual speed of (a) y = x - 5 x2
raindrops is (b) y = 2x - 5 x2
(a) 20 kmh-1 (b) 10 3 kmh-1 (c) 4y = 2x - 5 x2
(c) 20 3 kmh-1 (d) 10 kmh-1 (d) 4 y = 2 x - 25 x 2
39. The equations of motion of a projectile 45. Given below figure show three paths of
are given by x = 18t and 2y = 54t - 9.8t 2 . a rock with different initial velocities.
The angle q of projection is The correct increasing order for the
(a) tan-1 (3) (b) tan-1 (15
.) respective initial horizontal velocity
æ2ö æ 2ö component (ignoring the effect of air
(c) sin-1 ç ÷ (d) cos-1 ç ÷
è 3ø è 3ø resistance) is
Y
40. A football player throws a ball with a
-1
velocity of 50 ms at an angle 30°
from the horizontal. The ball remains in
the air for (Take,g = 10 ms -2 )
(a) 2.5 s (b) 1.25 s
(c) 5 s (d) 0.625 s 1 2 3
X
O
41. The ceiling of a hall is 30 m high. A
(a) 1 < 2 < 3 (b) 3 < 2 < 1
ball is thrown with 60 ms -1 at an angle
(c) 2 < 1 < 3 (d) 3 < 1 < 2
q, so that it could reach the ceiling of
the hall and come back to the ground. 46. What is the centripetal acceleration of a
The angle of projection q that the ball point mass which is moving on a
was projected is given by circular path of radius 5m with speed
1 1 25 ms -1 ?
(a) sinq = (b) sinq =
8 6 (a) 125 ms -2 (b) 90 ms -2
1 (c) 60 ms -2 (d) None of these
(c) sinq = (d) None of these
3
47. The displacement of a particle moving
42. Two projectiles A and B are projected on a circular path, when it makes 60° at
with same speed at angles 30° and 60° to the centre is
be horizontal then, which amongst the (a) 2 r (b) r
following relation between their range, (c) 2r (d) None of these
maximum height and time of flight is
48. If a car is executing a uniform circular
wrong?
motion, then its centripetal acceleration
(a) RA = RB (b) H B = 3H A represents
(c) TB = 3TA (d) None of these
(a) a scalar quantity (b) constant vector
43. A man can throw a stone to a (c) not a constant vector (d) None of these
maximum distance of 80 m. The
49. A car revolves uniformly in a circle
maximum height to which it will rise, is
of diameter 0.80 m and completes
(a) 30 m (b) 20 m 100 rev min -1 . Its angular velocity is
(c) 10 m (d) 40 m
(a) 10.467 rads -1 (b) 0.6 rads -1
44. Two stones were projected (c) 46.26 rads -1 (d) 8 rads -1
simultaneously in the same vertical
50. If 2 balls are projected at angles 45° and
plane from same point obliquely, with
60° and the maximum heights reached
different speeds and angles with the
are same, then the ratio of their initial
horizontal. The trajectory of path
velocities is ……… .
followed by one, as seen by the other, is
(a) 2 : 3 (b) 3 : 2
(a) parabola (b) straight line
(c) 3 :2 (d) 2 : 3
(c) circle (d) hyperbola
51. Two projectiles having different masses (d) None of the above
m 1 and m 2 are projected at an angle a 56. Figure shows the orientation of two
and (90° - a ) with the same speed from vectors u and v in the xy-plane.
some point. The ratio of their
If u = a $i + b $j and v = p $i + q $j
maximum heights is ……… .
y
(a) cot a :sin a (b) 1 : 1
(c) tan2 a :1 (d) 1:tana
v
52. A projectile fired with initial velocity u u
at some angle q has a range R. If the
initial velocity be doubled at the same
x
angle of projection, then the range will O
be ……… . Which of the following statement is
(a) 2R (b) R /2 correct? (NCERT Exemplar)
(c) R (d) 4R (a) a and p are positive, while b and q are
negative.
53. Two cars of masses m 1 and m 2 are
(b) a, p and b are positive, while q is negative.
moving in circles of radii r1 and r2 , (c) a, q and b are positive, while p is negative.
respectively. Their speeds are such that (d) a, b, p and q are all positive.
they make complete circles in the same
time t . The ratio of their centripetal 57. Match the Column I (example of
accelerations is …… . motion) with Column II (type of
(a) m1 r1 : m2 r2 (b) m1 : m2 motion) and select the correct answer
(c) r1 : r2 (d) 1 :1 from the codes given below.
Column I Column II
54. Which one of the following statement is
correct? (NCERT Exemplar) A. Free fall p. One-dimensional
motion
(a) A scalar quantity is the one that is
conserved in a process. B. Projectile q. Two-dimensional
motion motion
(b) A scalar quantity is the one that can never
take negative values. C. Circular motion r. Three-dimensional
(c) A scalar quantity is the one that does not motion
vary from one point to another in space. D. Motion along a
(d) A scalar quantity has the same value for straight road
observers with different orientation of the
axes. Codes
A B C D
55. For two vectors A and B which lie in a (a) q p r p
plane. Which of the following statement (b) p q r q
is correct? (c) p q q p
(a) If magnitude of A and B vector is 3 and 4 and (d) p r q p
they add upto give vector having magnitude
of 5, then they must be perpendicular 58. Match the Column I (magnitude of
vector. vectors A and B) with Column II
(b) If they add up to give more than 5, then they (relationship between A and B) and
must be inclined at obtuse angle. select the correct answer from the codes
(c) If they add upto give less than 5, then they given below.
must be inclined at acute angle.
 Column I Column II 60. Assertion Magnitude of resultant of two
A. |A| = l
¾ ¾¾¾ ¾® p. A= -B vectors may be less than the magnitude of
| B | = 2l
¾ ¾¾¾ ¾® either vector.
|A| = l
¾ ¾¾¾ ¾® Reason Vector addition is commutative.
B. | B | = l q. A= B
¬¾¾¾
|A | = 2 l
61. Assertion Vector addition of two vectors
C. ¾ ¾¾¾ ¾® r. 2A = B
is always greater than their vector
B =l
¬¾¾ subtraction.
D. |A|= l
¾ ¾¾¾® s. A=-2B Reason At q = 90º, addition and
| B| = l
¾ ¾¾¾ ® subtraction of vectors are unequal.
Codes 62. Assertion In case of projectile motion,
A B C D A B C D the magnitude of rate of change of
(a) q s p q (b) r p s q velocity is variable.
(c) r p q s (d) q r s p Reason In projectile motion, magnitude
59. A vector is given by A = 4 $i + 3$j + 5k$ , of velocity first increases and then
where a, b and g are the angles made decreases during the motion.
by A with coordinate axes. Then, 63. Assertion At highest point of a
match the Column I with Column II projectile, dot product of velocity and
(respective values) and select the acceleration is zero.
correct option from the codes given
below. Reason At highest point, velocity and
acceleration are mutually perpendicular.
Column I Column II
A. a p. cos -1 (1 / 2 ) 64. Assertion A particle is projected with
B. b q. cos -1
( 4 / 5 2) speed u at an angle q with the horizontal.
C. g r. cos -1 ( 3 / 5 2 )
At any time during motion, speed of
particle is v at angle a with the vertical,
Codes then v sin a is always constant throughout
A B C A B C the motion.
(a) p q r (b) q r p Reason In case of projectile motion,
(c) r q p (d) p p q magnitude of radial acceleration at
topmost point is minimum.
Assertion-Reasoning MCQs
65. Assertion For projection angle tan -1 ( 4 ),
For question numbers 60 to 69, two
the horizontal and maximum height of a
statements are given-one labelled projectile are equal.
Assertion (A) and the other labelled
Reason (R). Select the correct answer to Reason The maximum range of projectile
these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) is directly proportional to square of
and (d) are as given below velocity and inversely proportional to
acceleration due to gravity.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the
correct explanation of A. 66. Assertion The range of a projectile is
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the maximum at 45°.
correct explanation of A.
Reason At q = 45°, the value of sin q is
(c) A is true but R is false.
maximum.
(d) A is false and R is also false.
 67. Assertion Sum of maximum height 70. Amongst the following quantities,
for angles a and 90°-a is independent which is not a vector quantity?
of the angle of projection. (a) Force (b) Acceleration
Reason For angles a and 90°-a, the (c) Temperature (d) Velocity

horizontal range R is different. 71. Set of vectors A and B, P and Q are as

68. Assertion The maximum height of shown below
projectile is always 25% of the X X¢
A
maximum range. Y
P
O B Y¢
Reason For maximum range, projectile Q
O
should be projected at 90°. O
O
69. Assertion Uniform circular motion is Length of A and B is equal, similarly
uniformly accelerated motion. length of P and Q is equal. Then, the
Reason Kinematic equations for vectors which are equal, are
uniform acceleration motion can be (a) A and P (b) P and Q
applied in the case of uniform circular (c) A and B (d) B and Q
motion.
72. | l A| = l |A| , if
Case Based MCQs (a) l > 0 (b) l < 0
(c) l = 0 (d) l ¹ 0
Direction Answer the questions from
70-74 on the following case. 73. Among the following properties
regarding null vector which is
Vectors
incorrect?
Vectors are the physical quantities which have (a) A + 0 = A (b) l 0 = l
both magnitudes and directions and obey the (c) 0A = 0 (d) A - A = 0
triangle/parallelogram laws of addition and
subtraction. It is specified by giving its 74. The x and y components of a position
magnitude by a number and its direction. vector P have numerical values 5 and 6,
e.g. Displacement, acceleration, velocity, respectively. Direction and magnitude
momentum, force, etc. A vector is of vector P are
represented by a bold face type and also by æ6ö æ5ö
(a) tan-1 ç ÷ and 61 (b) tan-1 ç ÷ and 61
è5ø è6ø
an arrow placed over a letter, i.e.
® ® ® (c) 60° and 8 (d) 30° and 9
F, a, b or F , a , b.
Direction Answer the questions from
The length of the line gives the magnitude 75-79 on the following case.
and the arrowhead gives the direction.
Relative Velocity
The point P is called head or terminal point
and point O is called tail or initial point of the Every motion is relative as it has to be
vector OP. observed with respect to an observer. Relative
N velocity is a measurement of velocity of an
Tail Head
object with respect to other observer. It is
W E defined as the time rate of change of relative
O P
position of one object with respect to another.
S
For example, if rain is falling vertically with a Direction Answer the questions from
velocity v r and a man is moving horizontally 80-84 on the following case.
with v m , the man can protect himself from the
Projectile Motion
rain if he holds his umbrella in the direction
of relative velocity of rain w.r.t. man. Projectile motion is a form of motion in which
an object or particle is thrown with some
75. Two bodies are held separated by 9.8 m initial velocity near the earth’s surface and it
vertically one above the other. They are moves along a curved path under the action
released simultaneously to fall freely of gravity alone. The path followed by a
under gravity. After 2 s, the relative projectile is called its trajectory, which is
distance between them is shown below. When a projectile is projected
(a) 4.9 m (b) 19.6 m (c) 9.8 m (d) 39.2 m obliquely, then its trajectory is as shown in
the figure below
76. If two objects P and Q move along Y
parallel straight lines in opposite
direction with velocities v P and v Q
H u cos θ
respectively, then relative velocity of P x
u sin θ P (x, y)
w.r.t. Q , g
u y
(a) v PQ = v P = v Q (b) v P - v Q
(c) v P + v Q (d) v Q - v P θ
O X
u cos θ A B
77. A train is moving towards East and a Here velocity u is resolved into two
car is along North, both with same components, we get (a) u cos q along OX and
speed. The observed direction of car to
(b) u sin q along OY .
the passenger in the train is
(a) East-North direction 80. The example of such type of motion is
(b) West-North direction (a) motion of car on a banked road
(c) South-East direction (b) motion of boat in sea
(d) None of the above (c) a javelin thrown by an athlete
(d) motion of ball thrown vertically upward
78. Buses A and B are moving in the same
direction with velocities 20 $i ms - 1 and 81. The acceleration of the object in
15$i ms - 1 , respectively. Then, relative horizontal direction is
(a) constant
velocity of A w.r.t. B is
(b) decreasing
(a) 35 $i ms- 1 (b) 5 $i ms- 1 (c) increasing
(c) 5 $jms- 1 (d) 35 $jms- 1 (d) zero

79. A girl riding a bicycle with a speed of 82. The vertical component of velocity at
5 ms -1 towards east direction sees point H is
raindrops falling vertically downwards. (a) maximum
On increasing the speed to 15 ms -1 , (b) zero
rain appears to fall making an angle of (c) double to that at O
45° of the vertical. Find the magnitude (d) equal to horizontal component
of velocity of rain.
83. A cricket ball is thrown at a speed of
(a) 5 ms- 1 (b) 5 5 ms- 1 28 m/s in a direction 30° with the
(c) 25 ms- 1 (d) 10 ms- 1
horizontal.
 The time taken by the ball to return to 86. For a particle performing uniform
the same level will be circular motion, choose the incorrect
(a) 2.0 s (b) 3.0 s statement from the following.
(c) 4.0 s (d) 2.9 s (a) Magnitude of particle velocity (speed)
remains constant.
84. In above case, the distance from the (b) Particle velocity remains directed
thrower to the point where the ball perpendicular to radius vector.
returns to the same level will be (c) Direction of acceleration keeps changing as
(a) 39 m (b) 69 m particle moves.
(c) 68 m (d) 72 m (d) Angular momentum is constant in
magnitude but direction keeps changing.
Direction Answer the questions from
85-89 on the following case. 87. Two cars A and B move along a
concentric circular path of radius rA and
Uniform Circular Motion rB with velocities v A and v B maintaining
When an object follows a circular path at a v
constant distance, then A is equal to
constant speed, the motion of the object is vB
called uniform circular motion. The word rB rA
uniform refers to the speed which is uniform (a) (b)
rA rB
(constant) throughout the motion. Although 2
r A r 2B
the speed does not vary, the particle is (c) 2
(d)
r r A2
accelerating because the velocity changes its B

direction at every point on the circular track. 88. A car runs at a constant speed on a
The figure shows a particle P which moves circular track of radius 100 m, taking
along a circular track of radius r with a 62.8 s for every circular lap. The
uniform speed u. average velocity and average speed for
O
a
each circular lap, respectively is
u (a) 0, 0
(b) 0, 10 ms -1
r P
(c) 10 ms-1 , 10 ms-1
(d) 10 ms-1 , 0
85. A circular motion
(a) is one-dimensional motion
89. A particle is revolving at 1200 rpm in a
circle of radius 30 cm. Then, its
(b) is two-dimensional motion
(c) it is represented by combination of two acceleration is
variable vectors (a) 1600 ms-2 (b) 4740 ms-2
(d) Both (b) and (c) (c) 2370 ms-2 (d) 5055 ms-2
CBSE New Pattern ~ Physics 11th (Term-I) 67

ANSWERS
Multiple Choice Questions
1. (b) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4. (b) 5. (c) 6. (d) 7. (d) 8. (c) 9. (d) 10. (c)
11. (a) 12. (c) 13. (c) 14. (a) 15. (b) 16. (b) 17. (c) 18. (c) 19. (a) 20. (b)
21. (a) 22. (a) 23. (b) 24. (a) 25. (d) 26. (b) 27. (c) 28. (d) 29. (a) 30. (b)
31. (a) 32. (b) 33. (a) 34. (c) 35. (c) 36. (d) 37. (d) 38. (b) 39. (b) 40. (c)
41. (b) 42. (d) 43. (b) 44. (b) 45. (a) 46. (a) 47. (b) 48. (c) 49. (a) 50. (b)
51. (c) 52. (d) 53. (c) 54. (d) 55. (a) 56. (b) 57. (c) 58. (b) 59. (b)

Assertion-Reasoning MCQs
60. (b) 61. (d) 62. (d) 63. (a) 64. (c) 65. (b) 66. (c) 67. (c) 68. (c) 69. (d)

Case Based MCQs

70. (c) 71. (c) 72. (a) 73. (b) 74. (a) 75. (c) 76. (c) 77. (b) 78. (b) 79. (b)
80. (c) 81. (d) 82. (b) 83. (d) 84. (b) 85. (d) 86. (c) 87. (b) 88. (b) 89. (b)

SOLUTIONS
1. In order to describe two dimensional or three 7. Vectors obey the triangle law of addition,
dimensional motions, we use vectors. according to which, if vector B is placed with
However, direction of the motion of an its tail at the head of vector A. Then, when
object along a straight line is shown by we join the tail of A to the head of B. The
positive and negative signs. line OQ represents a vector R, i.e. the sum of
2. The perimeter of the rectangle would be the the vectors A and B. Thus, figure given in
sum of the lengths of the four sides, i.e. 1.0 m option (d) is correct.
+ 0.5 m + 1.0 m + 0.5 m = 3.0 m. 8. To subtract B from A, we can add – B and A.
Since, length of each side is a scalar, thus the So, A + ( - B) = A - B = R2 . This is as shown
perimeter is also a scalar. below
3. We know that, impulse J = F × Dt = Dp, where
F is force, Dt is time duration and Dp is A –B
=A –B
change in momentum. As Dp is a vector B R2
A
quantity, hence impulse is also a vector –B
quantity. Sometimes area can also be treated
R1

B
=

as vector.
A+
B

4. In the given case, the initial and final (a) (b)

positions coincides, so the displacement will Hence, option (c) is correct about vector
be zero. Thus, it is a null vector. subtraction.
5. Multiplying a vector A by a negative number A A
9. Unit vector of A is a$ = =
l gives a vector lA, whose direction is | A| A
opposite to the direction of A and its
10. Resultant vector of A and B is
magnitude is - l times | A |.
R = A + B = ( - 3$i - 2$j - 3k$ )
6. | B | = - 2 | A |. So, when A is multiplied by
+ ( 2$i + 4 $j + 6 k$ )
- 2 , then its direction gets reversed and
magnitude would be 2 times | A|. = - $i + 2$j + 3k$
Thus, | B | ¹ | A|. | R | = ( - 1) 2 + ( 2) 2 + ( 3) 2
 = 1 + 4 + 9 = 14 Þ cos q = - 1/ 2
Unit vector in the direction of R is Þ - cos q = 1/ 2
R - $i + 2$j + 3k$ Þ cos (180° - q) = cos 60°
R$ = =
| R| 14 Þ q = 120°
11. Here, triangle OMN with its adjacent sides as 14. Vector along X-axis (x-component)
vectors A, B and C are shown below = A x $i = | A| cos q$i
N
= A cos qi$
5 θ
= Vector along Y-axis (y-component)
|A|
|C|=3 = A $j = | A| sin q$j
y

= A sin qj$
O M
|B|=4 15. Let r makes an angle q with positive x-axis,
MN so the component of r along X-axis
As, cos q =
ON rx = r cos q
- 1 | C| æ 3ö ( rx ) maximum = r (cos q) maximum
Þ q = cos = cos -1 ç ÷
| A| è 5ø = r cos 0° = r
12. Given, A + B = A - B (Q cos q is maximum of q = 0°)
At q = 0°, r will be along positive X-axis.
2 2
Þ A + B +2 A B cos q 16. Given, | Q | = 5
= A
2
+ B
2
-2 A B cos q Q y =4
2 2 Q x =?
Þ A + B +2 A B cos q
2 2
As, |Q| = Q 2
x + Q 2
y
= A + B -2 A B cos q
Þ | Q |2 = Q x2 + Q y2
Þ 4 A B cos q = 0
Substituting the given values, we get
Þ A B cos q = 0
( 5) 2 = Q x2 + 4 2
Þ A =0
Þ Q = 9 = 3
or B =0 x

or cos q = 0 17. Given, P = 3$i - 4 $j

Þ q = 90° and Q = 6 i$ - 8 $j = 2( 3i$ - 4 $j) = 2P
Thus, | A + B | = | A - B | is always true, when 3 1 P
Also, R = $i - $j = ( 3$i - 4 $j) =
either | A| or | B | is zero or A and B are 4 4 4
perpendicular to each other. So, P, Q and R are parallel with unequal
13. Let two vectors are A and B, inclined at an magnitude.
angle q. Thus, they are not equals vectors.
Resultant of the two vectors A and B,
18. Given, vector can be shown below as
| R | = | A |2 + | B |2 + 2 | A | | B | cos q …(i)
Y
Let, | A | = | B | = a
According to the question, | R | = a
From Eq. (i), Ay A

a = a + a + 2aa cos q
2 2

θ
Þ a 2 = a 2 + a 2 + 2a 2 cos q 0 Ax
X
Þ 2a 2 cos q = - a 2
 where, q = 60°
Þ a ´ b = $i ( 4 - 6 ) - $j ( - 5 - 9 ) + k$ (10 + 12)
Ay
Then, tan q = Þ a ´ b = - 2i$ + 14 $j + 22k$
Ax
or A y = A x tan q Thus, | a ´ b| = ( 2) 2 + (14 ) 2 + ( 22) 2
Þ A y = 50 tan 60° = 50 ´ 3
= 684 sq. units
(Q 3 = 1732
. )
= 86.6 ~- 87 N 23. Given, a × b = | a ´ b|
19. Given, p = i$ + $j + k$ Þ ab cos q = ab sin q
and unit vector along X-axis, x = i$. (Q a × b = ab cos q and a ´ b = ab sin q)
So, the angle q between them can be sin q ab
Þ = =1
determine by cos q ab
Þ tan q = 1
p× x ( i$ + $j + k$ ) × ( i$ ) 1
cos q = = = Þ tan q = tan 45°
| p | | x| 1 +1 +1 × 1
2 2 2 2
3
\ q = 45°
- 1 æ 1 ö
\ q = cos ç ÷ 24. Position vector r of an object in xy-plane at
è 3ø
point P with its components along X and
20. Since, the magnitude and angle between the Y-axes as x and y, respectively is given as
vectors is unchanged, so the magnitude of the r = xi$ + y$j.
resultant R will be same. However, the
direction of R will get changed. Given, x = 2 units and y = 4 units.
21. Given that, | A + B| = | A| or A + B = A
2 2 So, position vector at P will be r = 2$i + 4 $j.

Þ A
2
+ B
2
+2 A B cos q = A
2 25. Position vector of the particle at P ,
r = 4 i$ + 3$j
where, q is angle between A and B.
Þ B ( B + 2 A cos q) = 0 Position vector of the particle at P ¢,
Þ B = 0 or B + 2 A cos q = 0 r ¢ = 7 $i + 6 $j
B \ Displacement of the particle is Dr = r ¢- r
Þ cos q = - ...(i)
2 A Þ Dr = ( 7 $i + 6 $j) - ( 4 i$ + 3$j)
If A and B are anti-parallel, then q = 180°. = ( 7 - 4 ) $i + ( 6 - 3) $j = 3$i + 3$j
Hence, from Eq. (i),
26. Displacement,
B
cos 180° = - 1 = - Þ B =2A Dr = r2 - r1 = 4 i$ + 4 $j
2A
Dr 4 i$ + 4 $j
Hence, the given condition can only be \ vav = = = 2( i$ + $j) ms -1
implied of either B = 0 or A and B are Dt 2
Þ Magnitude of velocity,
anti-parallel provided B = 2 A .
| vav | = 2 12 + 12 = 2 2 ms -1
22. Area of a parallelogram = | a ´ b|
Direction,
where, a and b are sides of parallelogram.
æ Dv y ö -1 æ 2 ö
Given, a = p = 5$i - 4 $j + 3k$ q = tan -1 ç -1
÷ = tan ç ÷ = tan 1 = 45°
è Dv x ø è 2ø
and b = q = 3$i + 2$j - k$
27. The direction of instantaneous velocity at any
$i $j k$ point on the path of an object is tangential to
\ a ´ b= 5 - 4 3 the path at that point and is in the direction
of motion. Also, direction of average velocity
3 2 -1
is same as that of Dr.
 So, amongst the given figures we can say \ Acceleration, a = a x2 + a 2y = t 468
that, options (a) and (b) are depicting the
direction of averge velocity but option (c) is 31. Given, initial velocity of the particle at
correctly depicting the direction of t = 0 s,
instantaneous velocity. v0 = 5.0 i$ ms-1 , acceleration,
28. Given, r = 3t i$ + 2t 2$j + 5k$ a = ( 3.0 i$ + 2.0 $j) ms-2
dr d The position of the particle is given by
\ v( t ) = = ( 3t $i + 2t 2 $j + 5k$ ) = 3$i + 4t $j
dt dt 1
r( t ) = v0 t + at 2
At t = 1 s, v = 3$i + 4 $j 2
æv y ö æ 4ö = 5.0 $i t + (1/ 2)( 3.0 $i + 2.0 $j)t 2
Thus, its direction is q = tan -1 ç ÷ = tan -1 ç ÷
èvx ø è 3ø = ( 5.0t + 1.5t 2 ) $i + 1.0t 2 $j …(i)
@ 53° withX -axis As, r( t ) = x ( t ) $i + y( t ) $j …(ii)
29. Given that the position coordinates of a Comparing Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
particle x ( t ) = 5.0t + 1.5t 2 and y ( t ) = + 1.0t 2
x = a cos wt ü Given, x ( t ) = 84m
ï
y = a sin wt ý …(i) Þ 5.0t + 1.50 t 2 = 84
z = awt ï
þ or 1.50 t 2 + 5.0t - 84 = 0
So, the position vector of the particle is Solving the above quadratic equation, the
$r = x $i + y $j + z k$ value of t is given as
-b ± b 2 - 4ac
Þ r$ = a cos wt $i + a sin wt $j + a wt k$ t=
2a
r$ = a [cos wt $i + sin wt $j + wt k$ ]
-5 ± 52 - 4(1.50 ) ( -84 )
Therefore, the velocity of the particle is =
2(1.50 )
d r d [a ] [cos wt $i + sin wt $j + wt k$ ]
Q v$ = = -5 ±25 + 504 -5 ± 529 -5 ± 23
dt dt = = =
3 3 3
Þ v = - aw sin wt i + aw co swt $j + aw k$ )
$ $
= 6 or - 9.33
The magnitude of velocity is (Neglecting the negative values as t can never
| v | = v x2 + v 2y + v z2 be negative)
Þ t =6 s
or | v | = ( -aw sin wt ) 2 + ( aw cos wt ) 2 + ( aw) 2
At t = 6 s, y = 1.0( 6 ) 2 = 36 m
= wa ( - sin wt ) + (cos wt ) + (1)
2 2 2

32. The velocity of car driver = 8 $i ms -1

= 2 wa
Velocity of rocket = v y $j ms -1
30. Given, x = 2t 3
Relative velocity of rocket w.r.t. car = 8 $i - v y $j
dx
\ vx = = 6t 2 Since, the speed of the rocket observed by
dt
the car driver is 10 ms -1 .
dv \ ( v y ) 2 + ( 8 ) 2 = (10 ) 2
Þ a x = x = 12t
dt v 2y = 100 - 64 = 36
Also, y = 3t 3 Þ v y = 6 ms -1
dy Velocity of rocket, v y $j = (6$j) ms -1
Þ vy = = 9t 2
dt
dv y \ Relative speed of rocket w.r.t. a stationary
Þ ay = = 18t observer = 6 – 0 = 6 ms –1
dt
33. When the man is at rest with respect to the y-component changes, like an object in
ground, the rain comes to him at an angle free-fall in vertical direction.
30° with the vertical. This is the direction of 36. An object that is in flight after being thrown
the velocity of raindrops with respect to the or projected is called a projectile. The motion
ground. of projectile may be thought of as the result
vm, g of two separate, simultaneously occurring
components of motions. One component
30° along a horizontal direction without any
acceleration and the other along the vertical
direction with constant acceleration due to
the force of gravity.
vr, m vr, g
37. Velocity is in horizontal direction and
Here, vr, g = velocity of the rain with acceleration is vertical downwards. Therefore,
respect to the ground, the direction of velocity and acceleration of
vm, g = velocity of the man with the projectile are perpendicular to each other.
respect to the ground = 10 kmh -1 38. Given, initial velocity,
and vr, m = velocity of the rain with respect u = ( $i + 2$j ) ms -1
to the man.
10 Magnitude of velocity,
\ vr, g = = 20 kmh -1
sin30° u = (1) 2 + ( 2) 2 = 5 ms -1
34. Given, speed of girl, v g = 5 km h -1 Equation of trajectory of projectile,
Speed of river, v r = 2 km h -1 gx 2
y = x tan q - 2
Width of river, d = 2 km 2u cos 2 q
The given condition is as shown in the figure gx 2 sec 2 q
= x tan q -
below 2u 2
B vr C gx 2
= x tan q - 2 (1 + tan 2 q)
2u
d vg [Q sec 2 q = 1 + tan 2 q]
α
Substituting the given values, we get
A 10( x ) 2
\ y =x ´2- [1 + ( 2) 2 ]
Since, the girl dive the river normal to the 2( 5 ) 2
flow of the river, time taken by the girl to
é uy 2 ù
cross the river, so êQ tan q = u = 1 = 2ú
d 2 km 2 ë x û
t= = = h
v g 5 kmh -1
5 10( x 2 )
= 2x - (1 + 4 ) = 2x - 5x 2
2´5
In this time, the girl will go down the river
by the distance AC due to river current. 39. Given, equations of motion are
\ Distance travelled along the river x = 18t , 2y = 54t - 9.8t 2
2 General equations of projectile are
= vr ´ t = 2 ´
5 1 2
x = u cos q × t and y = u sin q × t - gt
4 4000 2
= km = m = 800 m
5 5 where, q is the angle of projection.
35. After the object has been projected, the Comparing it with given equation, we have
x-component of the velocity remains constant 54
u cos q = 18 and u sin q =
throughout the motion and only the 2
 u sin q 54 / 2 Relative velocity,
Þ =
u cos q 18 v1 - v2 = ( u1 cos q1 - u2 cos q2 ) $i
54 + ( u1 sin q1 - u2 cos q2 ) $j
\ tan q = = 1.5 Þ q = tan -1(1.5)
2 ´ 18
= constant
40. Time of flight, Since, their relative velocity is constant.
2u sin q 2 ´ 50 ´ sin 30°
T = = =5s So, the trajectory of path followed by one as
g 10 seen by other will be straight line, making a
41. Given, u = 60 ms -1 constant angle with horizontal.
Maximum height H that the ball will achieve 45. Range of a projectile,
= height of ceiling of the hall u 2 sin 2q 2u 2 sin q cos q
R= =
= 30 m g g
u 2 sin 2 q 2( u sin q) ( u cos q) 2ux u y
As, maximum height, H = = =
2g g g
( 60 ) 2 sin 2 q
Þ 30 = Þ R µ horizontal initial velocity component
2g ( ux )
30 ´ 2g 10 \ From the given plot, we can see that for
Þ sin 2 q = = [Q g = 10 ms -2 ]
60 ´ 60 60 path 3, range is maximum. This implies that
1 the rock has the maximum horizontal
Þ sin q =
6 velocity component in this path. Thus, the
T A sin 30° 1 correct order will be 1 < 2 < 3.
42. T µ sin q, = = or T B = 3 T A
TB sin 60° 3 46. Given, speed, v = 25 ms -1
H A sin 2 30° 1 and radius, r = 5 m
H µ sin 2 q , = =
HB sin 2 60° 3 v 2 25 ´ 25
Centripetal acceleration, a c = =
or HB = 3 HA r 5
As, Rq = R90 ° - q = 125 ms -2
\ RA = RB 47. In the figure, AB is the required displacement
of the particle.
43. Given, maximum horizontal range,
Rmax = 80 m In triangle OAB, OA = OB and Ð AOB = 60°
u 2 sin 2q A
As, range of a projectile, R =
g r Displacement
and it is maximum q = 45° 60°
B
u2 O r
\ = 80 m
g
u 2 sin 2 q
Maximum height, h =
2g
80 Therefore, DAOB is an equilateral triangle, so
= (sin 2 45° )
2 OA = OB = r = AB
1 48. For a uniform circular motion,
= 40 ´ = 20 m
2 v2
centripetal acceleration, a c =
44. Velocities of the stones at some instant t can R
be given as Since, v and R are constants, the magnitude
v1 = u1 cos q1 i$ + ( u1 sin q1 - gt ) $j
of the centripetal acceleration of the car is
and v = u cos q i$ + ( u sin q - gt ) $j
2 2 2 2 2
also constant.
 However, the direction changes pointing v 1 r1
Þ = …(i)
towards the centre. Therefore, a centripetal v 2 r2
acceleration is not a constant vector. v2 r r2 r r
i.e. a c1 : a c 2 = 1 ´ 22 = 12 ´ 2 = 1 = r1 : r2
diameter 0.80 m r1 v 2 r2 r1 r2
49. Radius, r = = = 0.40 m
2 2 [from Eq. (i)]
100 54. A scalar quantity is independent of direction
Frequency, n = 100 rev min -1 = rev s -1
60 hence has the same value for observers with
1 60 different orientations of the axes.
Time period, T = = = 0.60
n 100 Hence, the statement given in option (d) is
2p 2 ´ 314. correct, rest are incorrect.
\ Angular velocity, w = =
T 0.60 55. Since, ( 5) 2 = ( 3) 2 + ( 4 ) 2, which is in
= 10.467 rad s -1 accordance to Pythagoras theorem. So, the
50. Given, H 1 = H 2 vectors can be shown in the figure
u12 sin 2 45° u22 sin 60°
Þ =
2g 2g
A+B (5)
u sin 60° 3 /2 (4) B
\ 1 = = = 3: 2
u2 sin 45° (1/ 2 )
u 2 sin 2 a A (3)
51. Maximum height, H =
2g
\ A and B are perpendicular.
For same speed of projection, However, if the length of A + B vector is
H µ sin 2 a more than or less than 5, then they should be
H1 sin 2 a sin 2 a inclined at acute and obtuse angle,
\ = = = tan 2 a
H 2 sin 2( 90° - a ) cos 2 a respectively.
Thus, the statement given in option (a) is
So, H 1 : H 2 = tan 2 a : 1
correct, rest are incorrect.
u 2 sin 2q
52. R = 56. Clearly from the given figure,
g
u is in the first quadrant, hence both
\ R µ u2 components a and b will be positive.
If initial velocity be doubled at same angle of For v = p i$ + q $j, as it is in positive x-direction
projection, then range will become four
and located downward hence x-component p
times. will be positive and y-component q will be
53. As, centripetal acceleration is given as negative.
v2 57. The correct sequence is
ac =
r Hence, A ® p, B ® q, C ® q and D ® p.
v2
For the first body of mass m 1 , a c1 = 1 58. A. As, | B | = 2 | A | and they both are in the
r1 same direction, so 2A = B.
v 22 B. As, | A | = | B | but both are in opposite
For the second body of mass m 2, a c 2 =
r2 directions, so A = - B.
Also, time taken by both the cars to complete C. As, | A | = 2 | B | but both are in opposite
one revolution is same. directions, so A = - 2B.
Hence, T 1 = T 2 D. As, | A| = | B | and both are in same
2pr1 2pr2 direction, so A = B.
Þ =
v1 v2 Hence, A ® r, B ® p, C ® s and D ® q.
59. Magnitude of A = | A| = A x2 + A 2y + A z2 61. | A + B | = A 2 + B 2 + 2AB cos q
= ( 4 ) 2 + ( 3) 2 + ( 5) 2 | A - B | = A 2 + B 2 - 2AB cos q
= 16 + 9 + 25 = 5 2 So, for example, when 90° < q < 270°,
Angles made by A with coordinate axes, | A + B| < | A - B|
A 4 Thus, vector addition of two vectors is not
cos a = x = always greater than their vector subtraction.
| A| 5 2
Also, at q = 90°, | A + B | = | A - B |
æ 4 ö
or a = cos -1 ç ÷ = A2 + B2
è 5 2ø
Ay 3 Therefore, A is false and R is also false.
cos b = =
| A| 5 2 62. In projectile motion, rate of change of
dv
æ 3 ö velocity, = | a | = 9.8 ms -2 = constant
or b = cos -1 ç ÷ dt
è 5 2ø
Az 5 1 Also, in case of projectile motion, the
cos g = = = magnitude of velocity first decreases and then
| A| 5 2 2
increases during the motion.
æ 1 ö Therefore, A is false and R is also false.
or g = cos -1 ç ÷
è 2ø
63. Velocity is horizontal and acceleration is
Hence, A ® q, B ® r and C ® p. vertical. i.e. both are perpendicular to each
other, hence their dot product is zero.
60. Resultant of two vectors A and B is given as
Therefore, both A and R are true and R is
R = A 2 + B 2 + 2AB cos q
the correct explanation of A.
\ We can say that 64. Horizontal component of velocity = v sin a =
(i) If q is an obtuse angle, then magnitude of constant
R will be less than magnitude of the either a r = g 2 - a t2
vectors A or B.
e.g. if | A| = 4, | B | = 3 and q = 120°, then At highest point a t = 0. Therefore, a r is
maximum.
| R| = 4 + 3 + 2 ´ 4 ´ 3 cos (120° )
2 2

Therefore, A is true but R is false.

= 25 - 12 = 13 u 2 sin 2 q 2u 2 sin q cos q
æ 1ö 65. H = R or =
çQ cos 120° = - ÷ 2g g
è 2ø
\ | R| < | A| Þ tan q = 4
(ii) If the vectors are in opposite direction and Maximum horizontal range (at q = 45°) is
are equal in magnitude, then also the u2
given by Rmax =
magnitude of R will be less than the g
magnitude of either vectors A or B.
Therefore, both A and R are true but R is
e.g. If | A | = | B | = a (say) and q = 180°
not the correct explanation of A.
then, | R| = a 2 + a 2 - 2a 2 cos(180° )
u 2 sin 2q
66. Horizontal range, R =
= 2a 2 - 2a 2 [Q cos 180° = - 1] g
\ | R | < | A| or | B| At q = 45°, sin 2 q = 1
Also, vector addition is commutative in u2
nature. \ Rmax = = maximum range
g
A+ B=B+ A
Q sin q = 1 (maximum), at q = 90°
Therefore, both A and R are true but R is
not the correct explanation of A. Therefore, A is true but R is false.
 u 2 sin 2 a Among the given vectors A and B are equal
67. Maximum height, H 1 =
2g vectors as they have same magnitude (length)
u 2 sin 2( 90° - a ) u 2 cos 2 a and direction.
and H2 = =
2g 2g However, P and Q are not equal even though
they are of same magnitude because their
u2 u2
Þ H1 + H2 = (sin 2 a + cos 2 a ) = directions are different.
2g 2g
72. | l A | = l | A | , if l > 0, as multiplication of
Thus, the sum of height for angles a and
vector A with a positive number l gives a
90° - a is independent of the angle of
vector whose magnitude is changed by the
projection.
u 2 sin 2q factor l but the direction is same as that of A.
As, horizontal range, R =
g 73. Null vector 0 is a vector, whose magnitude is
zero and its direction cannot be specified. So,
So, for same value of initial velocity,
it means, |0| = 0.
horizontal range of projectile is same for
complementary angles. Thus, l0 = 0.
Therefore, A is true but R false. Hence, property given in option (b) is
68. To obtain maximum range, angle of incorrect.
projection must be 45°, i.e. q = 45°. 74. Let P be as shown in the y
u 2 sin 2 ´ 45° u 2 sin 90° u 2 figure, then according to
So, Rmax = = = …(i) the given information
g g g Py P
Px = 5, P y = 6
2
u 2 sin 2 45° u 2 æ 1 ö u 2 Rmax θ x
\ H max = = ç ÷ = = \ | P | = Px2 + P y2 Px
2g 2g è 2 ø 4 g 4
[from Eq. (i)] = 25 + 36
So, H max is 25% of Rmax .
Þ | P | = 61
Therefore, A is true but R is false.
Py 6 æ6ö
69. In uniform circular motion the velocity of the and tan q = = Þ q = tan -1 ç ÷
Px 5 è 5ø
object is changing continuously in direction,
the object undergoes uniform acceleration 75. Since, they are following freely, so both the
which is not a constant vector. However, for bodies will fall same distance in same time
a uniformly accelerated motion, the interval.
acceleration of the object should be constant. So, the relative separation between them will
Hence, it is not an example of uniformly remain unchanged.
accelerated motion.
Kinematic equations for constant acceleration
76. Relative velocity of P w.r.t. Q is given by
is not applicable for uniform circular motion. v PQ = v P - ( - vQ ) = v P + vQ
Since, in this case the magnitude of
acceleration is constant but its direction is 77. Velocity of car w.r.t. train, v ct = v c - v t
changing. Þ v ct = v c + ( - v t )
Therefore, A is false and R is also false. N
vct vc
70. Temperature is not a vector quantity because
it has magnitude only.
However, force, acceleration and velocity 45°
have both a magnitude and a direction. So,
these are vectors in nature. W E
−vt vt
71. Two vectors are said to be equal, if and only
Velocity of car w.r.t. train ( v ct ) is towards
if they have the same magnitude and
direction. West-North.
78. Given, vA = 20 i$ ms -1 r = a cos wt $i + a sin wt $j
vB = 15i$ ms -1 Both the components a cos wt i$ and a sin wt $j
Relative velocity of A w.r.t. B, are perpendicular to each other.
vAB = vA - vB = 20 $i - 15$i = 5$i ms -1 86. If a particle is performing uniform circular
motion, then its
79. Given, velocity of girl, v g = 5$i ms -1 (a) speed will be constant throughout the
Let velocity of rain, v r = v x $i + v y $j ms -1 motion.
(b) velocity will be tangential in the direction
Relative velocity of rain
of motion at a particular point.
= v r - v g = ( v x - 5) $i + v y $j
C
v -5
Now, it is vertical, so tan q = x =0
vy
B
Þ vx - 5 = 0 Þ vx = 5 …(i) O
D
On increasing the speed of the girl, relative r
velocity becomes ( v x - 15) $i + v y $j
v x - 15 A v
tan q = tan 45° = =1
vy v2
(c) acceleration, a = will always be towards
Þ v x - 15 = v y Þ v y = -10 [using Eq. (i)] r
centre of the circular path.
\ Velocity of rain = ( 5i$ - 10 $j) ms -1
(d) angular momentum (mvr) is constant in
Þ Magnitude of velocity of rain magnitude but direction keeps on
= ( 5) 2 + (10 ) 2 changing.
87. Angular velocity w is constant.
= 125 = 5 5 ms-1
v =rw
80. A javelin thrown by an athlete is an example vA r
of projectile motion. \ v µ r or = A
vB rB
81. The horizontal component of velocity
(u cos q) is constant throughout the motion, so
88. On a circular path in completing one turn,the
distance travelled is 2pr, while displacement
there will be no acceleration in horizontal
is zero.
direction.
Hence, average velocity
82. As the vertical components of velocity displacement 0
(u sin q) decreases continuously with height, = = =0
time interval t
from O to H, due to downward force of
Distance
gravity and becomes zero at H . Average speed =
Time interval
83. The time taken by the ball to return to the 2pr 2 ´ 3.14 ´ 100
same level, = = = 10 ms -1
t 62.8
2v sin q 2 ´ 28 ´ sin 30°
T = 0 = » 2.9 s 1200
g 9.8 89. Given, n = 1200 rpm = rps
60
84. The distance from the thrower to the point 30
r = 30 cm = m
where the ball returns to the same level is 100
v 2 sin 2q 28 ´ 28 ´ sin 60° Acceleration of the particle = Centripetal
R= 0 = » 69 m
g 9.8 acceleration = w2r = ( 2pn ) 2r
2
85. Circular motion is an example of æ 22 1200 ö 30
= ç2 ´ ´ ÷ ´ » 4740 ms -2
two-dimensional motion with radius vector as è 7 60 ø 100