4

Topics
Sinusoidal sources, Phasors, Impedance model, frequency response

Questions
1. Determine the value of the impedance Z in the following circuit if the current I1 =
(2.56+j1.92)A.

Iz

Solution:
2. Determine the voltage vL across the inductor in the following circuit, and the average power
supplied by the dependent current source.

10 

+
+
~_ vL
_ 100
2 vL
10cos(2t) V mH

Solution:
 3. For the circuit shown below, 𝑉 = 10∠0o V and 𝐼 = 10∠90o mA at 𝜔 = 105 rad/s. If the
circuit is in steady state, find the current 𝑖(𝑡) through the inductor.

Solution:

ω = 106 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠
𝑋𝐿 = 𝜔𝐿 = 106 ⋅ 5 ⋅ 10−6 = 5Ω
1 1
𝑋𝐶 𝑖 = ω𝐶 = 106 ×0.1×10−6 = 10 Ω (for i = 1,2)
𝑖

Then the circuit reduces to

5 × −10𝑗
𝑍1 = 5 ∥ ( −𝑗10 ) = = 4 – 2𝑗 Ω
5 − 10𝑗
Using the nodal analysis for the above circuit, we write that
 (𝑉3 − 10∠00 ) 𝑉3 (𝑉3 − 0.1∠900 )
+ + = 0
4 − 2𝑗 5𝑗 10 − 10𝑗
1 1 1 10∠00 0.1∠900
𝑉3 [ + + ] = +
4 − 2𝑗 5𝑗 10 − 10𝑗 4 − 𝑗2 10 − 𝑗10
𝑉3 [ 0.2 + 0.1𝑗 – 0.2𝑗 + 0.05 + 0.05𝑗] = 2 + 𝑗1 – 5 × 10−3 + 𝑗5 × 10−3
𝑉3 (0.25 – 0.05𝑗) = 1.995 + 𝑗1.005
1.995 + 𝑗1.005
𝑉3 = = 6.9 + 𝑗5.4 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑠
0.25 – 0.05𝑗
Now,
𝑉3 6.9 + 𝑗5.4
𝑖(𝑡) = =
𝑗5 𝑗5
= 1.08 – 𝑗1.38
= 1.753∠ − 51.950 𝐴
∴ 𝑖(𝑡) = 1.753∠ − 51.950 𝐴

Now,
𝑉3 6.9 + 𝑗5.4
𝑖(𝑡) = =
𝑗5 𝑗5
= 1.08 – 𝑗1.38
= 1.753∠ − 51.950 𝐴
∴ 𝑖(𝑡) = 1.753∠ − 51.950 𝐴

4. Draw the Bode magnitude plot for the following transfer functions.

200 j
(a) H ( j ) =
( j + 2)( j + 10)
(b) H ( j ) =
( j )2 ( j + 100)
( j + 1)( j + 10)( j + 1000)

Solutions:

(a) a) H ( j ) = 200 j
( j + 2)( j + 10)
(b) H ( j ) = ( j )2 ( j + 100)
( j + 1)( j + 10)( j + 1000)
5. Find the transfer function for the following Bode plot.

HdB
-20dB/dec
20dB/dec

-40dB/dec
Solution: 40dB/dec

( rad/s)
6. Determine the transfer function (Vo/Vs) for the following circuit.

Vo
Rs g mV b
+
Vs Rb Vb Ro L
-

Re

Solution:

𝑅𝑏 𝑉𝑠
𝑉𝑏 =
𝑅𝑏 + 𝑅𝑠

𝑉𝑏 𝑉𝑠
𝐼𝑏 = =
𝑅𝑏 𝑅𝑠 + 𝑅𝑏

Applying nodal

𝑉0 𝑉0
−𝑔𝑚𝑉𝑏 + + = 0
𝑅0 𝑗𝑤𝐿

1 1
𝑉0 ( + ) = 𝑔𝑚𝑉𝑏
𝑅0 𝑗𝜔𝐿

𝑗ω𝐿 + 𝑅0
𝑉0 [ ] = 𝑔𝑚 𝑉𝑏
𝑗ω𝐿𝑅0

𝑗ω𝑔𝑚 𝑅0 𝐿
𝑉0 = ⋅𝑉
𝑗ω𝐿 + 𝑅0 𝑏

𝑗ω𝐿𝑔𝑚 𝑅0 𝑅𝑏 𝑉𝑠
𝑉0 = ∗
𝑗ω𝐿 + 𝑅0 𝑅𝑏 + 𝑅𝑠

𝑉0 𝑗ω𝑔𝑚 𝑅0 𝑅𝑏 𝐿
∴ =
𝑉𝑠 (𝑗𝑤𝐿+𝑅0 )(𝑅𝑏 +𝑅𝑠 )
 7. Determine the resonant frequency for circuit shown below.

Solution:
Calculate the 𝑍𝑒𝑞 of the circuit and make imaginary part to be zero to calculate the resonant
frequency.
To calculate the impedance, we connect a current source.

Applying KCL at node A:

𝑉𝑥
−1 − 2𝑉𝑥 + = 0
0.25
⇒ −1 − 2𝑉𝑥 + 4𝑉𝑥 = 0
⇒ 2𝑉𝑥 = 1
⇒ 𝑉𝑥 = 0.5𝑉
Let say the voltage drop across the current source is V1.
Then applying KVL in BACDB,
1
−𝑉1 + . 1 + 𝑗𝜔𝐿(1 + 2𝑉𝑥 ) + 𝑉𝑥 = 0
𝑗𝜔𝐶
1
⇒ 𝑉1 = + 𝑗𝜔𝐿 (1 + 2 × 0.5) + 0.5
𝑗ωC
1
⇒ 𝑉1 = + 𝑗𝜔𝐿 × 2 + 0.5
𝑗𝜔𝐶

Hence, the impedance is

𝑉1 1
𝑍𝑒𝑞 = = + 𝑗𝜔𝐿 ∗ 2 + 0.5.
1 𝑗𝜔𝐶
At resonance Im (𝑍𝑒𝑞 ) = 0
1
− + 2𝜔0 𝐿 = 0
𝜔0 𝐶
1
⇒ = 2𝜔0 𝐿
𝜔0 𝐶
 1 1
𝜔0 = =
√2𝐿𝐶 √2 ⋅ 5 ⋅ 10−3 ⋅ 10−6
4
𝜔0 = 10 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠𝑒𝑐
𝜔0 104
𝑓0 = = = 1591.5 𝐻𝑧
2𝜋 2𝜋

8. Find the average power and reactive power, in the network shown in figure below

Solution

The resultant circuit is

𝐻𝑒𝑟𝑒,
𝑍2 𝑍3
𝑍 = 𝑍1 + (𝑍2 || 𝑍3 ) = 𝑍1 +
𝑍2 + 𝑍3
(2 − 𝑗4)(1 + 𝑗3)
= 5 + 𝑗10 +
2 − 𝑗4 + 1 + 𝑗3
14 + 𝑗2 (14 + 2𝑗)(3 + 𝑗)
= 5 + 𝑗10 + = 5 + 10𝑗 +
3−𝑗 10
1
= 5 + 10𝑗 + (42 + 6𝑗 + 14𝑗 − 2)
10
 = 5 + 10𝑗 + 4 + 2𝑗 = 9 + 𝑗12 Ω

& 𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠 = 230 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑠.

Then
𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠 230 230(9 − 𝑗12)
𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠 = = = = 9.2 − 𝑗12.27 = 15.33∠ − 53.13° 𝐴
𝑍 9 + 𝑗12 225
⟹ 𝜃 = 53.13°

∴ Average Power,

𝑃𝑎𝑣𝑔 = 𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠 𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 230 ∗ 15.33 ∗ 𝑐𝑜𝑠(53.13°) = 2115.54 𝑊

∴ Reactive Power,

𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡 = 𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠 𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 230 ∗ 15.33 ∗ 𝑠𝑖𝑛(53.13°) = 2820.72 𝑊

9. A band–reject (notch) filter is shown below. Derive the expression of its transfer function H in
the form

Vo ( j  )  (1 + ja) 
H ( j ) = =K  .
Vi ( j  (1 + jb) 

Find out the expressions for the coefficients K, a and b. Determine the magnitudes of this transfer
function at very low and very high frequencies from physical arguments. What is the resonance
frequency of this circuit? What is the magnitude of the transfer function at this resonance
frequency? Also calculate the level of rejection (in dB) at resonance frequency.

RS
+ 4 kΩ
RC 100Ω
RL +
Vi(t) L 0.4 mH
4 kΩ Vo(t)
-
C 1 pF
-
 10. Determine the resonant frequency of the following circuit

1F 5 mH +
V0
-
0.25 
2V0

Solution: