Pro!:>1 :- tind i 0 and i f~orn.. -the c~-ocuit show n..

in_ the
-f:ju-re below • usio Su;'t > 1os iiic,n lheo, ern..-
lo lSL 5.n. 0
l

+
.1A

$ol11.- :- AssL1.rni(J cfn-- ly 6 V so 1.1-Yce --h-o k ad ive

o'
lo lSl- 5'...D- i'
• I • I

l0 :::. l

6V

App ~l(T k, V L ifl-. -the loof' we jet

I ., I ' I

6 _ Z0 ·1 + 5'io +- ~io

ol
6 - 8 io
•I
lo -

-Nex b, assu ming ..LA cu>v--ren.i souy ce. aciiv e on!),.

j__()_ CD 5 :..0-

• II
l

1.A
Arr'icJ KCL ai node (i) 1,ve, det
j_ ·" + lo/1
-== lo _.,.. CD

J_ -:=- "''' + v-'' - ~ i;'

j_ 5

But

us,ncj
0

A
..J_ .::.
j_ • rJ
I>(.,
• II
l,{) - V r
A ' ) ' /'0//
LJ

0" j_-Q5 A
0"'6 io -
-
horn..- ei 1\.-- CD l
• I/
J_ -
• II
lo
• I/
l - j_-.i·2~
• I/
l - - oe25 A

f'..,,. Tnc'i p Ie of =,Q$r+~on_

lJsi~ --the 5Ure>l_ I

• 0 ' • ,,

l 0 -- l - l0 == O·......,S--i.•nr--=--0•5A
0 -,- L.--:::>
-
l = i' + i" = 0·1~ + (-0·'25) = 0·5A
 P. 0b ,Z ~- -:De ieY rn f ri e -the c.u r1t -rre --HiY o'c] I-,_ ::?_ JL Yes isto..-

[ 11, the neiwo ...-k shown .- il'l.- -the .f;,3ure below us~Q
Sureoposi +ror1-- lheo·· n.sm,.

5V

So/n.. :- ~iru.e . -ther e <::V-le -bwo irwle pend en,i sou.Yceg..

~ f II
~o, f. ~ T + T.
[>.)here, :c.' is-the oeGr ons.e due +o 5 V 1/0l~e .sou-, .c
11

arid. 1'. Fs tie .--e~p orise due lo Lt A Curae .J\t &iuru

,, I •
Ca.se 1- ~- 5 V vol~ e- Bourc e. ,s Qc-c,ve..-
5V

t-
~ v.'3
v; 3_n_

Appl_yin(j KV L i11.- Loop CD we <Jet

v; 5-t- :21.
I
-Ltv 3
I
o~

sv; ~ 5 -t :z 1' ~ CD
Also 1 faorn. -the- abc,v e. c.kt ·
V3I =- - I-~ 3 I ®
~ 2

usf (J ~Q ® ;n,, 9,-n_ CD we cJe±

 I
-J_5I =
1
-1?1 :=:: E>
1
oo T == - 5 A ::::: -0·2.9~ A
l+- -=-
CasecZ~- 4A cu-rr-erd source ts QGtive.

~-T'' -<.fl..
+
,
V. ,, 4~ :r:."
3
3.n... II
'-tY3
<D

Arp~:cf l<.VL in... Loop (D i.,..,e (:r:,.t

II H ll
:Z-I." - Lt V3 -t V
3

~ I. " v. ,,3 ~
=-5
CD
A/ 50 I f-ro t'n.- -the.. n-e. -l WOY K.
V~' ~ (~ - T.'' ) * 3
v;' ~ ~Q - 3 T..
,,
~ ~
In\

lJ=>I ~
0
e~n- ®
2..
, lt'l.- eci.,,fl__ CDI we.

cZ 1'' == 5" ( I '2- - 3 T //)

11
15 .::r:.''
II
oZ T. - 60 - 0
l ? I =(:.,O
o, ,..., ,, -- 60 _ 3·5291\ '
J-
-I? -
Usi~ Sup-e-""posi-t,on.. theo, e..,n_
I II
I:::- I + T
I . ==- 3-23S-A
 R--o b 3 :- f; fLcl VO i the. ne i w k Of
rJ._ O 'l' The. -f\:rJ. Ye
us; n.(J Sup'"" po.si+; on.- lhe.o...-em. .
5SL ~V

,ov

Soln.. :- Srnce tiie-.e. cne '3' indepe nde.()- L .sourc es

V0 ==- Vo1- +- Vo2. + Vo3

where Vo1- is -t"he oesron .,se olue io
ov y, s I

Vo2- is the y-espo nse due to iA c,S

Vos ts the. 'oesro nse. J.ve. -to 4 V V·S

Case J_ ! - 1o V v •S a c.+i ve -
5".Il- CD 1-n_

+
Vo,
10v ~Jl_ Vo, .-2

Arplyind KcL a-t node CD we. (J8t

Vo, -10 Vo, Vo, - Vo1/2-
5
-t- -z -t- 0

Vo,
~
-t-
:I -t- Vo,
-1 -- Q

£Vo, :::. :Z oi Vo, - -10

5 G
- .1·66V
::::::::=

Vo, - i.· 66 V
-:::::===--
 C.u 'tre nt Sou y-c ..e ctc -ti ve •
Ca .se ll: - 1._A

j_Jl ..
CD

Vo2-
..tA i
2

App~in3 KC.L a,,i no de CD we . get

Yo2.. +I .,_ Vo'L. V0 2- - Vo')_/?-
-5" -
!<.
+ 0
I
Vo2-
~
- +I -t- Voz_ - .::. 0
s;- i-~

6 Vo2- _ -.1 o '¥ V02 = -E _ :::: -0 ·8 33 V

.5 b =-
__L.

Vo l+o g-e Sou -rc e. ,• s a__c--i;-, ve .

Case. JI [•. - Li V
b _fl_ (iJ 4V iSL

App~inj KCL qi node. CD we 3et-

Vo 3 +- Vo3 + Vo3 - 4 - Vo3/2- =- 0
5 z I

+ Vo 3 == 4 or _£_ Vo3 -== 4

5
Vo0:::> == 20 _ 3· 33 V-
--r;- -
d

0 0
Us1ncJ Su re1 rpo si- tio n.
Vo ::- Vo, + Voz.. t- Vo 2, == 1· 66 - 0~ 83 3 + 3·3 2= = L,,Js-::, V
 R- 0 6 j_ :.- -frncL -the Va Ive of RL fo 11 maxim urn_ pcl..Oe.--<

--Lransfe.'l" ancL also de-Ler mi n..e. the Yn.L:lX j m u.rn.... rowe-Y

fn.- -the ckt-· .'.Shown.. h1- the /i,juye below .
!z_n_

j_Sl. j_..Q_

+
10V-=-.

Solti. :- To -j;·nJ, Thevenin.. e1-,u_i-valen..+ $/t,u, /-t-rs 1::- Ld us

.f-~ncl VTH . i.e., o pe.Yl.. ch--c .ul-i-i~ -t/-,e_ load -/;e...--mina.1 s -

~.fL
App1'/i cf k.c L a,""t t) o&.e. CD
i_..n_ j_.rL
® -t
we det
V
+ V-10 -r 2. + V- VTM -==- O
'.J)_
VTH I I
\OV
2- V - VTH = 8 ~ (D

Af ply l ~ K.C. L o:t node. ® v0e <Jet

VTH . VTH - JO
- 2..,. +
2-
2 V,t-1 - V --=- 5 ~ ®
f..om.. ~Q ® V ==- 2 VTri - S- ~ @
us,a 9;()__ ® in..- e9,,'1- (D we cJ et;
 2-(2 VTH - 5) - VTH ::::: 8
4VTH - ro - vTH = 8
3VTH ==- 18
O'Y I VTH - 6 V]

1..n_ 1_n....

J_ = _1+ -' ~~
RTH r z -2

JR1H ::: ¼=0·66S2- 1

ck--C· is cJiven.. 1:,/
18
Pmax - ~ x3 - 1-3· 5W
t,x~ --
The. Vqlue of f<L- fo~ max imum ..
C,

po we-, -ioq ns f
0t.
,.
by.
lS
ct'"en,,
"
...

RL-= RTH
~

,. e.
l.QL ~ ! o,c 0•66j
 'Ro b.2 ~- -ne--Le-.mi(1e. --t:te. val ue of RL tha t
1.,0ill dra w the
rna)(1mu.ro.. powe."" fy-orn- th e ,es t-
of ~ e _ ch- c..ui-b .shoL-On-
in-- --the- .f~u- .e b e.low · C.ct lc.u lode. +he. 'Yn.C
I ximL.LrYL pow e-.-
4SL
t- V')t... -

~V R~

Soh1. :- To fiM VTti J -the. n..etWO'YK l--0 i l l be-

l
0
~J:) _ 4_n_
+
+ v')L, -

~ G
gv
VTH

KVL in... loo

1 CD
_ 2r --t j_-i + 3 v'L
:l ~ 3 i -t- 3Y ~ ~ CD
V,y._ :::- ~i ~ @
K.V L in.- loo p ® wi ll be
VTH - 1-· i -t- 3 V,<- ~ @
us; cl e.1 ® ;Y)__ e-ci,n__ CD weCf et-
fl__

g :::-- 3 t + 3"' 2-i -==- 3i- t-6 t = 8i o- i~ A

F-rom ~ft _ @ VT H ==- J_ -,- 3 x 2... =- ~ [ VT'1 cc 7- V
),
 To -find KTtt -the- neiwoyk. . will t>e .
•
2..o_ l, I 4.n. Io
(-
I
+ V,y._ - Io-l1

I~~
~
'
Yo
3V')(...

APFIY icJ K. VL j r,__ . loc, f (0 we Je,t

Vx. i-- 3V~ -+~(I -t,) ·.L 0 =o·
11 v'X;, ;- Io ~ i, -==- 0 ~ CD
Also, 0

V-"L ::: - R, L I

KV L- rn- Loop @ w~II be -

V0 ==- ~ • T0 + (;r -i,)-1.

0 -+- 3 V')(_

V0 =- 5 I 0
- l1 -t- 3V')L--=> @

Ubia 9n... @ i l'l-- scr- 0 we. aet

..
- 8 i1 -t- I 0 - l 1 ::::.
0
,,
ll -==- Io -;, @
9
~owl}$ 1cr ,,,,I\._ @ 2.-® r(l_ e<f® we crt
~

VD ::: 5 I O - ~ - f, ')( Io
:) g3

Vo =- ( 4 s- ; I-6) Io cc:
 '2--
0
rm.ax -
VrH
--- ~·902 -W
Lt RTH

foo6 3 ~- ~ n- the. ne +wo<e k sho(/4)n-, c~ lc.u lq le the maxi (()urYL

po 1,,1 eY tha--l 'Y1lA J be ol: ss ~ pa-ie J. i n... -the. e, x-f:.e,yru:1.L
-r-e sis too R·

3SL

~oV

Appl:fncJ KV L- •
I r1.- loo r CD we 3-et
Lto ~ ~II - 2- T, -t- 6I1 - 8T I
£0., T I -- .:::::====-
5A
f-ro rrL- looF @ we ha.ve
VTH ·::: 6 T, O Y- I
VTH-==- 30V
I
To find Rn-t . the.- J,J /1!0 t..0i \I be .
2.Ir 3...Q_ Io
t - ~ -T >--.-~,w---~~

Vo

Arplyin(J KVL ir'l-- loor CD

Vo ::: 3 Io t- 6 I 1 ·~ CD
KV L in- loof @ (Jiva -

2-T1 ~ (I 0 - ~,)4 - 6:1 1 == o

- g I 1
-t- 4I 0 ~o ~ @
f oOIYl.- eq~
r
® ~, :::=- 0 ·5 T0 ~
0\
'2.J

u.sin(f ~()_@ ;(1... 9,"-- CD 1.,0e ([er

VO :::- 3 T 0 -t- ·6 X O• S- .To .

V0 ::;.... 3.T0 1-- 3 I 0 . :::- 6 Io

Oo Yo
-
- RTH - -c;_o_
- . .
Io
'2-

Rn.ax -- VTH - L30)2-

-- 900
Lt RTH 4 X b 24

Pmax ::::: 31-SW