CiTRANS R8000 Router Guide
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yerdogan7CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-
Service High-End Router
Product Description
Version: C
Code: MN000001826
FiberHome Telecommunication Technologies Co., Ltd.
August 2018
Thank you for choosing our products.
We appreciate your business. Your satisfaction is our goal.
We will provide you with comprehensive technical support
and after-sales service. Please contact your local sales
representative, service representative or distributor for any
help needed at the contact information shown below.
Fiberhome Telecommunication Technologies Co., Ltd.
Address: No. 67, Guanggu Chuangye Jie, Wuhan, Hubei, China
Zip code: 430073
Tel: +6 03 7960 0860/0884 (for Malaysia)
+91 98 9985 5448 (for South Asia)
+593 4 501 4529 (for South America)
Fax: +86 27 8717 8521
Website: http://www.fiberhomegroup.com
Legal Notice
are trademarks of FiberHome Telecommunication Technologies Co., Ltd.
(Hereinafter referred to as FiberHome)
All brand names and product names used in this document are used for
identification purposes only and are trademarks or registered trademarks
of their respective holders.
All rights reserved
No part of this document (including the electronic version) may be
reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior
written permission from FiberHome.
Information in this document is subject to change without notice.
Preface
Related Documentation
Document Description
CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi- Introduces the product’s functions and features, software
Service High-End Router Product and hardware structures, networking applications, and
Description technical specifications.
Describes the equipment’s structures, functions,
CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-
specifications, and technical parameters in terms of its
Service High-End Router
hardware components (i.e. the cabinet, the subrack, cards,
Hardware Description
and cables).
Details the equipment’s appearance and structure, how to
CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-
install the equipment, connect and lay out its wires and
Service High-End Router
cables, as well as the requirements on the installation
Installation Guide
environment.
CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-
Service High-End Router Specifies how to initialize the equipment, commission the
Commissioning and hardware and configure the functional modules using CLI.
Configuration Guide-CLI
CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-
Service High-End Router Specifies how to configure functions and services of the
Configuration Guide - equipment using the OTNM2000.
OTNM2000
Gives a detailed description of items and procedures of
CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi- routine maintenance and introduces the daily operation
Service High-End Router Routine methods of the equipment to instruct users on basic
Maintenance operations of the hardware, command line and network
management system.
Gives a detailed introduction to service protection
CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-
schemes, configuration notices and possible causes of
Service High-End Router
common faults, as well as procedures and methods of
Troubleshooting Guide
troubleshooting.
CiTRANS R8000-3 Multi-Service Details the methods to install the CiTRANS R8000-3,
High-End Router Quick connect and lay out its wires and cables, and the
Installation Guide requirements on the installation environment.
I
Document Description
CiTRANS R8000-5 Multi-Service Details the methods to install the CiTRANS R8000-5,
High-End Router Quick connect and lay out its wires and cables, and the
Installation Guide requirements on the installation environment.
CiTRANS R8000-10 Multi- Details the methods to install the CiTRANS R8000-10,
Service High-End Router Quick connect and lay out its wires and cables, and the
Installation Guide requirements on the installation environment.
Includes manuals such as product description, operation
guide, routine maintenance, and installation guide. All of
e-Fim OTNM2000 Element
them aim at introducing common and fundamental
Management System Manual Set
contents of the OTNM2000 for a better understanding and
proficient use of the network management system.
II
Version
Version Description
A Initial version.
Adds the descriptions on the XTCB2, TCA12, TCA13,
B
TCA17, QTCA1 ,SSUA20, SSUA21 and SPUA+ cards.
Adds the descriptions on the CE1A32, CS1A8, SSUA2,
C SSUA1, ESCA16, SPUD and SPUE cards. Deletes the
descriptions on the SPUA+ card.
Intended Readers
This manual is intended for the following readers:
u Planning and designing engineers
u Commissioning engineers
u Operation and maintenance engineers
To utilize this manual, these prerequisite skills are necessary:
u Router related technology
u Data communication technology
u Ethernet technology
III
Conventions
Terminology Conventions
Terminology Convention
CiTRANS R8000-3 CiTRANS R8000-3 Multi-Service High-End Router
CiTRANS R8000-5 CiTRANS R8000-5 Multi-Service High-End Router
CiTRANS R8000-10 CiTRANS R8000-10 Multi-Service High-End Router
PWR Power Supply Board
FAN Fan Unit
SRCA Switch & Router & Clock Unit A
SRCB Switch & Router & Clock Unit B
SRCC Switch & Router & Clock Unit C
SPUA Service Process Unit A
SPUB Service Process Unit B
SPUD Service Process Unit D
SPUE Service Process Unit E
SNUA Switch Network Unit A
SSUA13 12 × GE + 1 × 10GE Service Switch Unit A
SSUA2 100GE Optical Card (2 port)
SSUA1 100GE Optical Card (1 port)
SSUA21 20 × GE + 1 × 10GE Service Switch Unit A
XTCA2 2 × 10 G Transparent Card A
XTCA4 4 × 10 G Transparent Card A
XTCA5 5 × 10 G Transparent Card A
XTCB2 2 × 10 G LAN / WAN Transparent Card B
XTCB5 5 × 10 G LAN / WAN Transparent Card B
MTCA20 20 × GE Mix Transparent Card A
TCA17 16 × GE & 1 × 10 G Transparent Card A
TCA13 12 × GE & 1 × 10 G Transparent Card A
TCA12 10 × GE & 2 × 10GE Transparent Card A
CS1A8 8×Channelized STM-1 A
CE1A32 32 E1 Line Card
ESCA16 GE/FE Mix Electrical Card (16Ports)
IV
Symbol Conventions
Symbol Convention Description
Note Important features or operation guide.
Possible injury to persons or systems, or cause traffic
Caution
interruption or loss.
Warning May cause severe bodily injuries.
➔ Jump Jumps to another step.
Cascading
→ Connects multi-level menu options.
menu
Bidirectional
↔ The service signal is bidirectional.
service
Unidirectional
→ The service signal is unidirectional.
service
V
Contents
Preface...................................................................................................................I
Related Documentation ...................................................................................I
Version ..........................................................................................................III
Intended Readers ..........................................................................................III
Conventions ................................................................................................. IV
1 Product Introduction........................................................................................1
2 Product Function ............................................................................................3
2.1 Access Capacity ...............................................................................4
2.2 Service Type and Access Capability..................................................4
2.2.1 Service Type.......................................................................4
2.2.2 Access Capability ...............................................................4
2.3 Interface Type...................................................................................8
2.3.1 Service Interface.................................................................8
2.3.2 Management and Auxiliary Interface ...................................9
3 Product Architecture .....................................................................................10
3.1 Logical Structure............................................................................. 11
3.2 Hardware Structure.........................................................................12
3.2.1 19-inch Cabinet ................................................................12
3.2.2 Subrack Structure .............................................................19
3.2.3 Slot Distribution ................................................................26
3.2.4 Summary of Card Function and Number............................29
3.2.5 Positioning of Cards in the System ....................................30
3.2.6 Mappings Between Cards and Slots..................................31
3.3 Software Architecture......................................................................34
3.4 Forwarding Flow .............................................................................35
4 Feature.........................................................................................................37
4.1 Ethernet Feature.............................................................................38
4.1.1 Layer 2 Ethernet Feature ..................................................38
4.1.2 Layer 3 Ethernet Feature ..................................................39
4.2 IP Feature.......................................................................................40
4.2.1 IPv4 Feature.....................................................................40
4.2.2 IPv6 Feature.....................................................................40
4.2.3 IPv4/IPv6 Dual Stack ........................................................41
4.2.4 IPv4 and IPv6 Transition Function .....................................41
4.3 Routing Protocol .............................................................................42
4.3.1 Unicast Routing Feature ...................................................42
4.3.2 Multicast Routing Feature .................................................44
4.4 MPLS Feature ................................................................................44
4.5 VPN Feature...................................................................................47
4.5.1 L2VPN..............................................................................48
4.5.2 L3VPN..............................................................................49
4.6 QoS................................................................................................49
4.6.1 Flow Classification ............................................................49
4.6.2 Traffic Policing ..................................................................50
4.6.3 Queue Scheduling ............................................................50
4.6.4 Traffic Shaping..................................................................51
4.6.5 Congestion Management ..................................................51
4.6.6 Connection Admission ......................................................51
4.6.7 HQoS ...............................................................................52
4.6.8 Ethernet QoS....................................................................52
4.7 Traffic Load Balancing ....................................................................52
4.8 Traffic Statistics ..............................................................................52
4.9 Security Feature .............................................................................53
4.10 Reliability........................................................................................57
4.11 Clock Feature .................................................................................65
4.11.1 Introduction to Clock and Time Synchronization.................66
4.11.2 Ethernet Clock Synchronization Feature............................73
4.11.3 1588v2 Time Synchronization Feature ..............................74
4.11.4 NTP Time Synchronization Feature...................................75
4.12 Operation and Maintenance Feature ...............................................76
4.12.1 System Configuration Method ...........................................77
4.12.2 System Management and Maintenance.............................77
4.12.3 Equipment Operation Status Monitoring ............................78
4.12.4 System Service and Status Tracing ...................................79
4.12.5 System Test and Diagnosis ...............................................79
4.12.6 Service Fault Detection .....................................................80
4.12.7 In-service Debugging ........................................................80
4.12.8 System Upgrade...............................................................81
4.12.9 Card Bootstrap .................................................................81
4.12.10Power Supply and Environment Monitoring Capability .......81
4.12.11Intelligent Fan Feature ......................................................82
4.13 Network Management Feature ........................................................83
4.14 Feature of Energy Saving and Emission Reduction .........................83
5 Service and Network.....................................................................................85
5.1 Ethernet Service .............................................................................86
5.1.1 E-Line Service ..................................................................87
5.1.2 E-LAN Service ..................................................................88
5.1.3 E-Tree Service..................................................................90
5.1.4 Service of Bridge Connection Between L2 and L3 .............92
5.2 CES Service ...................................................................................93
5.3 Typical Network Application ............................................................94
5.3.1 Network Application of Multi-service IP MAN .....................95
5.3.2 Network Application of Mobile Bearer Network ..................96
5.3.3 Network Application of IP Bearer Network .........................98
5.3.4 Network Application of IPv6 Backbone Network.................99
6 Technical Specifications..............................................................................100
6.1 System Technical Specifications ...................................................101
6.2 Specifications of the Optical Interface............................................102
6.2.1 Specifications of the 100GE Interface..............................102
6.2.2 Specifications of the XGE Interface .................................103
6.2.3 Specifications of the GE / FE Interface ............................104
6.2.4 Specifications of the FE Interface ....................................104
6.2.5 Specifications of the E1 Interface ....................................105
6.2.6 Specifications of the STM-1 Interface ..............................106
6.3 Specifications of the Electrical Interface ........................................107
6.3.1 RJ-45 Interface ...............................................................107
6.3.2 D-type Interface ..............................................................108
6.3.3 USB Interface .................................................................109
6.3.4 Specifications of the E1 Interface ....................................109
6.4 Power Supply and Power Consumption......................................... 110
6.5 Dimensions and Weight ................................................................ 111
6.6 Clock Specification ....................................................................... 112
6.7 Applicable Standards .................................................................... 113
6.7.1 EMC Standard ................................................................ 113
6.7.2 Safety Standard.............................................................. 114
6.8 Environment Specification............................................................. 115
6.8.1 Storage Environment ...................................................... 115
6.8.2 Operating Environment ................................................... 115
6.8.3 Transport Environment.................................................... 116
Appendix A Abbreviations .......................................................................... 117
1 Product Introduction
The CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router is a high-end IP/MPLS
router developed by FiberHome Telecommunication Technologies Co., Ltd.
(hereinafter referred to as FiberHome) and is mainly used at the edge of large-
scaled IP networks for the convergence and core nodes. In IP bearer network, IP
MAN, and IP backbone network, it can work with IP RAN products such as
CiTRANS R800 Series to form an IP network solution, featuring an integrated
structure and a clear hierarchy.
The CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router has powerful IP service
processing capability. It integrates Layer 3 Ethernet switching capability and
provides rich IP edge service features (including Ethernet switching processing,
tunneling and flow queues) as well as implements smooth migration from IPv4 to
IPv6.
The CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router provides 100G, 10GE,
GE, FE, STM-1 and E1 interfaces to bear multiple services.
The CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router includes three types:
CiTRANS R8000-3, CiTRANS R8000-5, and CiTRANS R8000-10. See Figure 1-1,
Figure 1-2 and Figure 1-3 for the appearance of each type. More types will be
developed in future for the varying application scenarios.
Figure 1-1 Appearance of the CiTRANS R8000-3
Version: C 1
CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router Product Description
Figure 1-2 Appearance of the CiTRANS R8000-5
Figure 1-3 Appearance of the CiTRANS R8000-10
2 Version: C
2 Product Function
As a carrier-class IP router, the CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End
Router supports multiple service types and provides a wide variety of functions.
Access Capacity
Service Type and Access Capability
Interface Type
Version: C 3
CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router Product Description
2.1 Access Capacity
See Table 2-1 for the access capacity of the CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service
High-End Router.
Table 2-1 Access Capacity
Equipment Type Access Capacity
CiTRANSR8000-10 2T
CiTRANSR8000-5 500G
CiTRANSR8000-3 300G
2.2 Service Type and Access Capability
The following introduces the service types and access capability of the CiTRANS
R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router.
2.2.1 Service Type
The CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router provides abundant
services, as shown in Table 2-2.
Table 2-2 Service Type Parameters
Service Category Service Type
E-Line
E-LAN
L2VPN
E-Tree
E-CES
L3VPN MPLS L3VPN
2.2.2 Access Capability
The CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router supports powerful
access capability to provide users with access to the Ethernet services.
4 Version: C
2 Product Function
CiTRANS R8000-3
Table 2-3 describes the access capability of the CiTRANS R8000-3.
Table 2-3 Access Capability of the CiTRANS R8000-3
Access
Access Capability Capability of
Interface
Card Name of a Single Card Integrated
Type
(Channel) Equipment
(Channel)
SSUA13 12 36
SSUA21 20 60
MTCA20Note 1 20 120
TCA12 10 60
Note 2 Note 2
GE SPUA / SPUD TCA13 12 72
TCA17 16 96
ESCA16 16 96
MTCA20 20 120
SPUBNote 3 / SPUENote 3
ESCA16 16 96
MTCA20 20 120
FE SPUA / SPUB / SPUD / SPUE
ESCA16 16 96
SSUA13 1 3
SSUA21 1 3
XTCA2 2 12
XTCA4 4 24
XTCA5 5 30
XTCB2 2 12
10GE SPUA / SPUD
XTCB5 5 30
TCA12 2 12
TCA13 1 6
TCA17 1 6
XTCA2 2 12
SPUB / SPUE
XTCB2 2 12
100GE SSUA1 1 3
E1 SPUA / SPUB / SPUD / SPUE CE1A32 32 192
Version: C 5
CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router Product Description
Table 2-3 Access Capability of the CiTRANS R8000-3 (Continued)
Access
Access Capability Capability of
Interface
Card Name of a Single Card Integrated
Type
(Channel) Equipment
(Channel)
STM-1 SPUA / SPUB / SPUD / SPUE CS1A8 8 48
Note 1: The MCTA20 card cannot be used together with the following sub-cards on the SPUA / SPUD card: XTCA5,
XTCB5, TCA13, TCA17, TCA12, CS1A8 and CE1A32.
Note 2: The SPUA / SPUD card provides 100 G service processing capability and two sub-card slots. The sum of the
service processing capabilities of two sub-cards should be no more than that of the card.
Note 3: The SPUB / SPUE card provides 50 G service processing capability and two sub-card slots. The sum of the
service processing capabilities of two sub-cards should be no more than that of the card.
CiTRANS R8000-5
Table 2-4 describes the access capability of the CiTRANS R8000-5.
Table 2-4 Access Capability of the CiTRANS R8000-5
Access Capability of
Access Capability
Interface Integrated
Card Name of a Single Card
Type Equipment
(Channel)
(Channel)
SSUA13 12 60
SSUA21 20 100
Note 1
MTCA20 20 200
TCA12 10 100
GE SPUANote 2 / SPUDNote 2 TCA13 12 120
TCA17 16 160
ESCA16 16 160
MTCA20 20 200
SPUBNote 3 / SPUENote 3
ESCA16 16 160
MTCA20 20 200
FE SPUA / SPUB / SPUD / SPUE
ESCA16 16 160
SSUA13 1 5
SSUA21 1 5
XTCA2 2 20
10GE
XTCA4 4 40
SPUA / SPUD
XTCA5 5 50
XTCB2 2 20
6 Version: C
2 Product Function
Table 2-4 Access Capability of the CiTRANS R8000-5 (Continued)
Access Capability of
Access Capability
Interface Integrated
Card Name of a Single Card
Type Equipment
(Channel)
(Channel)
XTCB5 5 50
TCA12 2 20
TCA13 1 10
TCA17 1 10
XTCA2 2 20
SPUB / SPUE
XTCB2 2 20
100GE SSUA1 1 5
E1 SPUA / SPUB / SPUD / SPUE CE1A32 32 320
STM-1 SPUA / SPUB / SPUD / SPUE CS1A8 8 80
Note 1: The MCTA20 card cannot be used together with the following sub-cards on the SPUA / SPUD card: XTCA5,
XTCB5, TCA13, TCA17, TCA12, CS1A8 and CE1A32.
Note 2: The SPUA / SPUD card provides 100 G service processing capability and two sub-card slots. The sum of the
service processing capabilities of two sub-cards should be no more than that of the card.
Note 3: The SPUB / SPUE card provides 50 G service processing capability and two sub-card slots. The sum of the
service processing capabilities of two sub-cards should be no more than that of the card.
CiTRANS R8000-10
Table 2-5 describes the access capability of the CiTRANS R8000-10.
Table 2-5 Access Capability of the CiTRANS R8000-10
Access
Access Capability of
Interface Capability of a
Card Name Integrated Equipment
Type Single Card
(Channel)
(Channel)
MTCA20Note 1 20 400
TCA12 10 200
Note 2 Note 2
SPUA / SPUD TCA13 12 240
GE TCA17 16 320
ESCA16 16 320
MTCA20 20 400
SPUBNote 3 / SPUE
ESCA16 16 320
MTCA20 20 400
FE SPUA / SPUB / SPUD / SPUE
ESCA16 16 320
10GE SSUA20 20 200
Version: C 7
CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router Product Description
Table 2-5 Access Capability of the CiTRANS R8000-10 (Continued)
Access
Access Capability of
Interface Capability of a
Card Name Integrated Equipment
Type Single Card
(Channel)
(Channel)
XTCA2 2 40
XTCA4 4 80
XTCA5 5 100
XTCB2 2 40
SPUA / SPUD
XTCB5 5 100
TCA12 2 40
TCA13 1 20
TCA17 1 20
XTCA2 2 40
SPUB / SPUE
XTCB2 2 40
SSUA2 2 20
100GE
SSUA1 1 10
E1 SPUA / SPUB / SPUD / SPUE CE1A32 32 640
STM-1 SPUA / SPUB / SPUD / SPUE CS1A8 8 160
Note 1: The MCTA20 card cannot be used together with the following sub-cards on the SPUA / SPUD card: XTCA5,
XTCB5, TCA13, TCA17, TCA12, CS1A8 and CE1A32.
Note 2: The SPUA / SPUD card provides 100 G service processing capability and two sub-card slots. The sum of the
service processing capabilities of two sub-cards should be no more than that of the card.
Note 3: The SPUB / SPUE card provides 50 G service processing capability and two sub-card slots. The sum of the
service processing capabilities of two sub-cards should be no more than that of the card.
2.3 Interface Type
The following introduces external interfaces such as service interfaces,
management and auxiliary interfaces provided by the CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-
Service High-End Router.
2.3.1 Service Interface
The CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router provides multiple
service interfaces. Table 2-6 describes the detailed interface parameters.
8 Version: C
2 Product Function
Table 2-6 Specifications of the Service Interface
Interface Type Descriptions
10GE interface 10GBASE (10 / 40 / 80 km)
FE / GE interface 1000BASE-SX/LX/EX/ZX1/ZX2
100GE interface 100GBASE-LR4 / 100GBASE-ER4
STM-1 interface S-1.1/S-1.2/L-1.1/L-1.2/L-1.3
E1 interface HDB3
2.3.2 Management and Auxiliary Interface
The CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router provides users with a
variety of management and auxiliary interfaces. See Table 2-7 for the specific
interface specifications.
Table 2-7 Specifications of Management and Auxiliary Interfaces
Interface
Interface Type Description
Name
Auxiliary CF_SLOT
Used for data backup and software upgrade
interface USB
Used to connect the console to implement onsite
CONSOLE
configuration for the system
Used to connect a modem to implement remote
AUX
configuration for the system
Management CTR1 Used to implement functions such as external alarm input
interface CTR2 or external control output
ETH1
Used for internal commissioning of a router (not for users)
ETH2
Used to connect the system network management
MGMT
workstation
Used for clock synchronization (frequency
External clock
CLK synchronization). The input and output of clock signals
interface
share the interface.
Used for time synchronization. The input and output of
External time
TOD time signals share the interface. 1PPS+TOD time signal
interface
can be accessed.
Version: C 9
3 Product Architecture
The following introduces the logical structure, hardware structure, and software
architecture of the CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router.
Logical Structure
Hardware Structure
Software Architecture
Forwarding Flow
10 Version: C
3 Product Architecture
3.1 Logical Structure
As shown in Figure 3-1, the logical structure of the CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-
Service High-End Router is divided into three planes: data plane, control plane, and
management plane. The SNU applies to the CiTRANS R8000-10.
Figure 3-1 The Logical Diagram
Data Plane
The data plane completes unblocked packet switching and processing inside. The
main functions are as shown below:
u Packet encapsulation and decapsulation
u IPv4 / IPv6 / MPLS packet forwarding
Version: C 11
CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router Product Description
u QoS and queue scheduling
u High-speed packet switching
Control Plane
The control plane completes control and management for the whole system. The
supported functions include protocol and signaling processing, system configuration,
maintenance and management, system status report query, and card management.
Management Plane
The management plane completes environment monitoring for the whole system,
including voltage detection and monitoring, system power-on and power-off control,
temperature monitoring, and intelligent fan control, to ensure secure and stable
system operation, and when a fault occurs, isolate the fault in time and guarantee
normal operation of other parts.
3.2 Hardware Structure
The hardware structure of the CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End
Router consists of the cabinet, subrack and cards.
3.2.1 19-inch Cabinet
The following introduces the model, function, cabinet structure, and equipment
layout of the 19-inch cabinet.
3.2.1.1 Appearance
Figure 3-2 shows the appearance of a 19-inch cabinet.
12 Version: C
3 Product Architecture
Figure 3-2 The Appearance of the 19-inch Cabinet
3.2.1.2 Equipment Layout
Cabinets in different dimensions can contain different numbers of subracks. Keep
the following rules when working out a layout plan:
u Lay out subracks according to the cabinet layout drawings of different
specifications.
u In the equipment layout drawing, the Minimum reserved space refers to the
minimum cooling space and cannot be occupied.
Version: C 13
CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router Product Description
u If the cabinet is not fully configured, lay out subracks from the bottom up and try
to reserve space in the upper part for future expansion.
Equipment Layout of the CiTRANS R8000-3
When the CiTRANS R8000-3 is not equipped with an AC / DC power adapter, the
layout is as shown in Figure 3-3 (unit: mm).
Figure 3-3 Equipment Layout of CiTRANS R8000-3 (Not Installed with an AC / DC Power
Adapter)
When the CiTRANS R8000-3 is equipped with an AC / DC power adapter, the
layout is as shown in Figure 3-4 (unit: mm).
14 Version: C
3 Product Architecture
Figure 3-4 Equipment Layout of CiTRANS R8000-3 (Installed with an AC / DC Power Adapter)
Equipment Layout of the CiTRANS R8000-5
When the CiTRANS R8000-5 is not equipped with an AC / DC power adapter, the
layout is as shown in Figure 3-5 (unit: mm).
Version: C 15
CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router Product Description
Figure 3-5 Equipment Layout of CiTRANS R8000-5 (Not Installed with an AC / DC Power
Adapter)
When the CiTRANS R8000-5 is equipped with an AC / DC power adapter, the
layout is as shown in Figure 3-6 (unit: mm).
16 Version: C
3 Product Architecture
Figure 3-6 Equipment Layout of CiTRANS R8000-5 (Installed with an AC / DC Power Adapter)
Equipment Layout of the CiTRANS R8000-10
When the CiTRANS R8000-10 is not equipped with an AC / DC power adapter, the
layout is as shown in Figure 3-7 (unit: mm).
Version: C 17
CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router Product Description
Figure 3-7 Equipment Layout of CiTRANS R8000-10 (Not Installed with an AC / DC Power
Adapter)
When the CiTRANS R8000-10 is equipped with an AC / DC power adapter, the
layout is as shown in Figure 3-8 (unit: mm).
18 Version: C
3 Product Architecture
Figure 3-8 Equipment Layout of CiTRANS R8000-10 (Installed with an AC / DC Power
Adapter)
3.2.2 Subrack Structure
The subrack is the core unit of the CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End
Router, used to hold a variety of cards.
CiTRANS R8000-3 Subrack
Figure 3-9 and Figure 3-10 show the subrack structure of the CiTRANS R8000-3.
Version: C 19
CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router Product Description
(1) Mounting ear (2) Card area (3) Cabling rack
Figure 3-9 Front View of the CiTRANS R8000-3 Subrack
20 Version: C
3 Product Architecture
(1) Fan unit (2) Power supply card (3) Anti-dust unit
area
Figure 3-10 Rear View of the CiTRANS R8000-3 Subrack
Table 3-1 describes the structure of the CiTRANS R8000-3 subrack.
Table 3-1 Structure of the CiTRANS R8000-3 Subrack
Location Number Name Function Remarks
Used for securing subracks in a
(1) Mounting ear -
cabinet
Front of
Holds the service card and control
subrack (2) Card area -
card of the equipment
(3) Cabling rack Arranges wires and cables orderly -
(1) Fan unit Cools the equipment The equipment has two fan units.
Power supply Holds the power card of the The equipment has two power
Back of (2)
card area equipment cards.
subrack
It is composed of a metal frame
(3) Anti-dust unit Protects the equipment from dust and a low-density anti-dust
screen.
Version: C 21
CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router Product Description
CiTRANS R8000-5 Subrack
Figure 3-11 and Figure 3-12 show the appearance of the CiTRANS R8000-5
subrack.
(1) Mounting ear (2) Card area (3) Cabling rack
Figure 3-11 Front View of the CiTRANS R8000-5 Subrack
22 Version: C
3 Product Architecture
(1) Fan unit (2) Power supply card (3) Anti-dust unit
area
Figure 3-12 Rear View of the CiTRANS R8000-5 Subrack
Table 3-2 describes the appearance of the CiTRANS R8000-5 subrack.
Table 3-2 Structure of the CiTRANS R8000-5 Subrack
Location Number Name Function Remarks
Used for securing subracks in a
(1) Mounting ear -
cabinet
Front of
Holds the service card and control
subrack (2) Card area -
card of the equipment
(3) Cabling rack Arranges wires and cables orderly -
The equipment has three fan
(1) Fan unit Cools the equipment
Back of units.
subrack Power supply Holds the power card of the The equipment has two power
(2)
card area equipment cards.
Version: C 23
CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router Product Description
Table 3-2 Structure of the CiTRANS R8000-5 Subrack (Continued)
Location Number Name Function Remarks
It is composed of a metal frame
(3) Anti-dust unit Protects the equipment from dust and a low-density anti-dust
screen.
CiTRANS R8000-10 Subrack
Figure 3-13 and Figure 3-14 show the appearance and structure of the CiTRANS
R8000-10 subrack.
(1) Mounting ear (2) Anti-dust unit (3) Card area (4) Fiber passage unit
Figure 3-13 Front View of the CiTRANS R8000-10 Subrack
24 Version: C
3 Product Architecture
(1) Power supply board A (2) Cabling rack for (3) Fan unit
power supply
Figure 3-14 Rear View of the CiTRANS R8000-10 Subrack
Table 3-3 describes the structure of the CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-
End Router subrack.
Table 3-3 Structure of the CiTRANS R8000-10 Subrack
Location Number Name Function Remarks
Front of Secures the subrack in the 19-
(1) Mounting ear -
subrack inch cabinet
Version: C 25
CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router Product Description
Table 3-3 Structure of the CiTRANS R8000-10 Subrack (Continued)
Location Number Name Function Remarks
Keeps the card in the subrack
It is composed of a metal frame
clean and prevents the dust and
(2) Anti-dust unit and a low-density anti-dust
foreign body from entering the
screen.
subrack
Holds the service card and control
(3) Card area -
card of the equipment
It is composed of cover plates
Fiber passage Fixes optical fibers and arranges and fiber guide slots. Cover
(4)
unit optical fibers orderly plates need to be opened during
cable layout.
Power Supply The subrack is equipped with
(1) Powers the equipment
Board A four power supply board As.
Back of
Cabling rack for One power supply board A
subrack (2) Arranges power cables orderly
power supply corresponds to one cabling rack.
The subrack is equipped with
(3) Fan unit Cools the equipment
five fan units.
3.2.3 Slot Distribution
CiTRANS R8000-3
The CiTRANS R8000-3 has five card slots, whose slot distribution is shown in
Figure 3-15 and Figure 3-16.
Figure 3-15 The Front Slot Distribution of the CiTRANS R8000-3 Subrack
26 Version: C
3 Product Architecture
Figure 3-16 Slot Distribution at the Back of CiTRANS R8000-3 Subrack
CiTRANS R8000-5
The CiTRANS R8000-5 has seven card slots, whose slot distribution is shown in
Figure 3-17 and Figure 3-18.
Figure 3-17 Slot Distribution in the Front of CiTRANS R8000-5 Subrack
Figure 3-18 Slot Distribution at the Back of CiTRANS R8000-5 Subrack
Version: C 27
CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router Product Description
CiTRANS R8000-10
The CiTRANS R8000-10 has 13 card slots, whose slot distribution is shown in
Figure 3-19 and Figure 3-20.
Figure 3-19 Slot Distribution in the Front of CiTRANS R8000-10 Subrack
Figure 3-20 Slot Distribution at the Back of CiTRANS R8000-10 Subrack
28 Version: C
3 Product Architecture
3.2.4 Summary of Card Function and Number
The card functions and numbers of the CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-
End Router are listed in Table 3-4.
Table 3-4 Summary of Card Function and Number
Card
Category Card Function
Number
SRCA 2200905 u Switches services on the client side and line side.
SRCB 2201356 u Provides standard system clock or time for the system.
u Performs main control of system and route calculation, and
implements system route management and protocol
management.
Switching and u Provides auxiliary interfaces such as network management
SRCC 2201355
management interfaces and monitoring interfaces.
control unit u The CiTRANS R8000-10 uses the SRCA card.
u The CiTRANS R8000-5 uses the SRCB card.
u The CiTRANS R8000-3 uses the SRCC card.
Switches services on the client side and line side; supports wire
SNUA 2200904 speed switching of cell for 120 × 12.5G ports; each service slot
provides service scheduling of 12 × 12.5G ports.
Provides 100 G service processing capability and two sub-card
SPUA 2200913 slots. The sum of the service processing capabilities of two
sub-cards should be no more than that of the card.
Provides 50 G service processing capability and two sub-card
SPUB 2201370 slots. The sum of the service processing capabilities of two
Service sub-cards should be no more than that of the card.
processing unit Provides 100 G service processing capability and two sub-card
SPUD 2202105 slots. The sum of the service processing capabilities of two
sub-cards should be no more than that of the card.
Provides 50 G service processing capability and two sub-card
SPUE 2202106 slots. The sum of the service processing capabilities of two
sub-cards should be no more than that of the card.
SSUA13 2201351 Accesses and processes 12 × GE signals + 1 × 10GE signal.
SSUA2 2200909 Accesses and processes 2 × 100GE signals.
Service
SSUA1 2202524 Accesses and processes 1 × 100GE signal.
switching unit
SSUA20 2201065 Accesses and processes 20 × 10GE signals.
SSUA21 2201348 Accesses and processes 20 × GE signals + 1 × 10GE signal.
Flexible cards MTCA20 2200920 Accesses and processes 20 × FE / GE signals.
Version: C 29
CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router Product Description
Table 3-4 Summary of Card Function and Number (Continued)
Card
Category Card Function
Number
u Accesses and processes 2 × 10GE signals.
XTCA2 2201338
u Supports LAN mode.
u Accesses and processes 4 × 10GE signals.
XTCA4 2201367
u Supports LAN mode.
u Accesses and processes 5 × 10GE signals.
XTCA5 2200921
u Supports LAN mode.
u Accesses and processes 2 × 10GE signals.
XTCB2 2201487 u Supports LAN mode.
u Supports WAN mode.
u Accesses and processes 5 × 10GE signals.
XTCB5 2201022 u Supports LAN mode.
u Supports WAN mode.
TCA12 2201492 Accesses and processes 10 × GE signals + 2 × 10GE signals.
TCA13 2201470 Accesses and processes 12 × GE signals + 1 × 10GE signal.
TCA17 2201071 Accesses and processes 16 × GE signals + 1 × 10GE signal.
CS1A8 2200903 Accesses and processes 8 × STM-1 signals.
CE1A32 2202000 Accesses and processes 32 × E1 signals.
ESCA16 2202525 Accesses and processes 16 × GE / FE signals.
PWR (CiTRANS
2201710
R8000-3)
Power supply PWR (CiTRANS
2201719 Accesses external power supply.
card R8000-5)
PWR (CiTRANS
2201720
R8000-10)
3.2.5 Positioning of Cards in the System
Figure 3-21 shows the positioning of the CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service
High-End Router cards in the system.
30 Version: C
3 Product Architecture
Figure 3-21 Positioning of Common Cards in the System
Note:
The switch network unit is applicable for the CiTRANS R8000-10.
3.2.6 Mappings Between Cards and Slots
CiTRANS R8000-3
Table 3-5 lists the mappings between the cards and slots in the CiTRANS R8000-3
subrack.
Table 3-5 Mappings Between Cards and Slots in the CiTRANS R8000-3 Subrack
Panel Name Card Name Slot Quantity Remarks
Required for slot 4,
SRCC Switch & Router & Clock Unit C 4, 5 1 to 2
optional for slot 5
SPUA Service Process Unit A 1 to 3 1 to 3 Optional
SPUB Service Process Unit B 1 to 3 1 to 3 Optional
SPUD Service Process Unit D 1 to 3 1 to 3 Optional
SPUE Service Process Unit E 1 to 3 1 to 3 Optional
Version: C 31
CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router Product Description
Table 3-5 Mappings Between Cards and Slots in the CiTRANS R8000-3 Subrack (Continued)
Panel Name Card Name Slot Quantity Remarks
12 × GE + 1 × 10GE Service
SSUA13 1 to 3 1 to 3 Optional
Switch Unit A
20 × GE + 1 × 10GE Service
SSUA21 1 to 3 1 to 3 Optional
Switch Unit A
SSUA1 100GE Optical Card (1 port) 1 to 3 1 to 3 Optional
PWR Power Supply Board PWR1-1, PWR1-2 2 Required
FAN Fan Unit FAN-1, FAN-2 2 Required
CiTRANS R8000-5
Table 3-6 lists the mappings between the cards and slots in the CiTRANS R8000-5
subrack.
Table 3-6 Mappings Between Cards and Slots in the CiTRANS R8000-5 Subrack
Panel Name Card Name Slot Quantity Remarks
Required for slot 6,
SRCB Switch & Router & Clock Unit B 6, 7 1 to 2
optional for slot 7
SPUA Service Process Unit A 1 to 5 1 to 5 Optional
SPUB Service Process Unit B 1 to 5 1 to 5 Optional
SPUD Service Process Unit D 1 to 5 1 to 5 Optional
SPUE Service Process Unit E 1 to 5 1 to 5 Optional
12 × GE + 1 × 10GE Service
SSUA13 1 to 5 1 to 5 Optional
Switch Unit A
20 × GE + 1 × 10GE Service
SSUA21 1 to 5 1 to 5 Optional
Switch Unit A
SSUA1 100GE Optical Card (1 port) 1 to 5 1 to 5 Optional
PWR Power Supply Board PWR1-1, PWR1-2 2 Required
FAN Fan Unit FAN-1 to FAN-3 3 Required
CiTRANS R8000-10
Table 3-7 lists the mappings between the cards and slots in the CiTRANS R8000-
10 subrack.
32 Version: C
3 Product Architecture
Table 3-7 Mappings Between Cards and Slots in the CiTRANS R8000-10 Subrack
Panel
Card Name Slot Quantity Remarks
Name
Required for slot 12,
SRCA Switch & Router & Clock Unit A 12, 13 1 to 2
optional for slot 13
SNUA Switch Network Unit A 11 0 to 1 Optional
SPUA Service Process Unit A 1 to 10 1 to 10 Optional
SPUB Service Process Unit B 1 to 10 1 to 10 Optional
SPUD Service Process Unit D 1 to 10 1 to 10 Optional
SPUE Service Process Unit E 1 to 10 1 to 10 Optional
SSUA2Note 1 100GE Optical Card (2 port) 1 to 10 1 to 10 Optional
SSUA1 100GE Optical Card (1 port) 1 to 10 1 to 10 Optional
SSUA20 20 × 10 G Service Switch Unit A 1 to 10 1 to 10 Optional
PWR1-1, PWR1-2,
PWR Power Supply Board A 4 Required
PWR2-1, PWR2-2
FAN Fan Unit FAN-1 to FAN-5 5 Required
Note 1: If two 100GE signals of the SSUA2 card are both accessed, two or more cross-connect cards (such as SRCA
and SNUA) are required to be configured on the CiTRANS R8000.
Flexible Cards
Table 3-8 lists the mappings between the flexible cards and the service processing
units.
Table 3-8 Mappings Between Flexible Cards and Service Processing Units
Card Name Corresponding Service Processing Unit Remarks
MTCA20Note 1 SPUANote 2 / SPUBNote 3 / SPUDNote 2 / SPUENote 3 Optional
TCA12 SPUA / SPUD Optional
TCA13 SPUA / SPUD Optional
TCA17 SPUA / SPUD Optional
XTCA2 SPUA / SPUB / SPUD / SPUE Optional
XTCA4 SPUA / SPUD Optional
XTCA5 SPUA / SPUD Optional
XTCB2 SPUA / SPUB / SPUD / SPUE Optional
XTCB5 SPUA / SPUD Optional
CS1A8 SPUA / SPUB / SPUD / SPUE Optional
Version: C 33
CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router Product Description
Table 3-8 Mappings Between Flexible Cards and Service Processing Units (Continued)
Card Name Corresponding Service Processing Unit Remarks
CE1A32 SPUA / SPUB / SPUD / SPUE Optional
ESCA16 SPUA / SPUB / SPUD / SPUE Optional
Note 1: The MCTA20 card cannot be used together with the following sub-cards on the SPUA /
SPUD card: XTCA5, XTCB5, TCA13, TCA17, TCA12, CS1A8, CE1A32 and ESCA16.
Note 2: The SPUA / SPUD card provides 100 G service processing capability and two sub-card
slots. The sum of the service processing capabilities of two sub-cards should be no
more than that of the card.
Note 3: The SPUB / SPUE card provides 50 G service processing capability and two sub-card
slots. The sum of the service processing capabilities of two sub-cards should be no
more than that of the card.
3.3 Software Architecture
The CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router uses a modularized
software architecture, as shown in Figure 3-22.
34 Version: C
3 Product Architecture
Figure 3-22 System Software Architecture
3.4 Forwarding Flow
As shown in Figure 3-23, the PPE (Packet Forwarding Engines) uses an NP
(Network Processor) or an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) to
implement the high-speed table querying and forwarding function of message. The
external storage requires a SRAM (Static Random Access Memory), a DRAM
(Dynamic Random Access Memory) and an NSE (Net Search Engine). The SRAM
is mainly used to save the forwarding table, the DRAM is used to save messages,
and the NSE is used to perform non-linear search.
Version: C 35
CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router Product Description
Figure 3-23 Data Forwarding Flow
The flows can be classified into uplink flow and downlink flow according to the data
stream direction.
u Uplink flow processing: Messages are packetized as frame by PIC (Physical
Interface Card) and then are sent to PFE. The processing module analyzes the
link layer protocol and recognizes the message type at the ingress interface.
The uplink traffic classification module then classifies the traffic according to the
ingress interface configuration, and delivers the scheduling priority information
to TM (Traffic Manager) for scheduling. After that, it queries the forwarding table
entries and forwards the messages. For the IPv4 unicast message, for example,
it queries FIB table based on the destination IP address of the message, so as
to obtain the egress port and next hop of the message. Finally it sends to TM
the required information and message obtained from the table.
u Downlink flow processing: The messages whose types have already been
analyzed in uplink transmission are encapsulated at link layer in downlink
transmission according to the message type and egress port type, and then
saved in the internal interface. The downlink traffic classification module then
classifies the traffic at the egress interface. Finally the processing module
encapsulates the new L2 header and sends the messages to PIC.
36 Version: C
4 Feature
The following introduces product features of the CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-
Service High-End Router, for example, Ethernet feature, IP feature, MPLS feature,
VPN feature, QoS feature, security feature, and clock feature.
Ethernet Feature
IP Feature
Routing Protocol
MPLS Feature
VPN Feature
QoS
Traffic Load Balancing
Traffic Statistics
Security Feature
Reliability
Clock Feature
Operation and Maintenance Feature
Network Management Feature
Feature of Energy Saving and Emission Reduction
Version: C 37
CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router Product Description
4.1 Ethernet Feature
The following introduces Ethernet features of the CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-
Service High-End Router, including Layer 2, Layer 3, QinQ, and flexible access of
VPN.
4.1.1 Layer 2 Ethernet Feature
The Ethernet interface of the CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End
Router can work in layer 2 Ethernet mode and supports VLAN, VPLS, and VPWS
services, as well as the QinQ feature.
The equipment supports the following functions.
u Supports the default VLAN.
u Supports Ethernet sub-interface.
u Supports VLAN aggregation sub-interface.
u Supports setting VLAN based on port.
u Supports VLAN Mapping.
u Supports VLAN Stacking.
u Supports MAC entry limiting.
u Supports suppressing unknown unicast / multicast / broadcast.
38 Version: C
4 Feature
The equipment supports the following QinQ features.
u Supports identifying double VLAN Tags, i.e. inner Tag and outer Tag.
u Supports modifying the outer VLAN Tag.
u Supports stripping double Tags and adding double new Tags.
u Supports mapping the outer VLAN Tag.
u Supports traffic classification based on 802.1p of outer Tag.
u Supports port rate control based on 802.1p of inner and outer Tags.
u Supports QinQ of ports.
u Supports QinQ of VLAN.
u Supports QinQ termination.
u The Etype value of the QinQ outer Tag is compatible with that of equipment of
other vendors.
u Supports QinQ-based VLAN Swapping of the main interface.
u Supports translation sub-interface. Supports 1to1, 1to2, 2to1 and 1to2 VLAN
tag switching.
u Supports swap of QinQ termination sub-interface.
u Supports HQoS for QinQ accessing VPLS in mode of symmetric termination.
u Supports IPv6 routing protocol of QinQ / Dot1Q termination sub-interface.
u Supports binding QinQ / Dot1Q termination sub-interface to BFDv6.
u Supports dynamic QinQ in IPv6 scenario.
u Supports VRRPv6 of QinQ / Dot1Q termination sub-interface.
4.1.2 Layer 3 Ethernet Feature
The Ethernet interface of the CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End
Router can work in Layer 3 Ethernet mode and supports IPv4, IPv6, MPLS, QoS,
and multicast services. The CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router
supports the following functions:
u Supports IPv4.
u Supports IPv6.
Version: C 39
CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router Product Description
u Supports MPLS.
u Supports multicast.
u Supports VLAN sub-interface.
u Supports QoS.
u Supports Ethernet sub-interface.
u Supports VLAN aggregation sub-interface.
4.2 IP Feature
The following describes IP features of the CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service
High-End Router, for example, IPv4, IPv6, IPsec, and dual stack.
4.2.1 IPv4 Feature
The CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router supports the following
IPv4 features:
u Supports the TCP/IP protocol stack and protocols such as ICMP, IP, TCP, UDP,
ARP, and RARP.
u Supports DHCP Relay and DHCP Server.
u Supports FTP Server/Client.
u Supports IP policies and supports specifying the next hop for forwarding based
on flow.
u Supports load sharing based on IP policy.
4.2.2 IPv6 Feature
The CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router supports the following
IPv6 features:
u Supports wire speed forwarding of IPv6 packets.
u Supports discovering neighbors based on IPv6.
u Supports IPv6 static and dynamic routing protocols.
40 Version: C
4 Feature
u Supports PPP dialing of IPv6.
u Supports the Telnet protocol.
4.2.3 IPv4/IPv6 Dual Stack
The CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router supports IPv4/IPv6
dual stack and features good interworking and simple implementation. Figure 4-1
shows the structure.
Figure 4-1 IPv4/IPv6 Protocol Stack Structure
The CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router supports the following
IPv4/IPv6 dual stack features:
u Supports configuring IPv4/IPv6 dual stack on the same interface.
u Supports dual-stack VPN.
4.2.4 IPv4 and IPv6 Transition Function
The CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router supports the transition
function of IPv4 and IPv6. Specific features are as follows:
u Supports IPv6 over IPv4 tunnel.
4 Supports IPv6 manual tunnel.
Version: C 41
CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router Product Description
4 Supports IPv4/IPv6 automatic tunnel.
4 Supports IPv6 to IPv4 tunnel.
u Supports IPv4 over IPv6 tunnel.
4.3 Routing Protocol
The CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router supports a wide range
of routing protocols to meet different networking requirements.
4.3.1 Unicast Routing Feature
The CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router supports the following
unicast routing features:
u Supports IPv4 routing protocols such as OSPF, IS-IS and BGP4.
u Supports IPv6 routing protocols such as OSPFv3, IS-ISv6 and BGP4+.
u Supports static routing, configured by administrator manually to simplify
network configuration and improve network performance.
u Provides a large number of routing table entries to effectively support MAN
operation.
u Provides a complete set of routing policies for determining the optimal route.
u Supports importing routing information of other routing protocols.
u Applies routing policies in advertising and receiving routes; filters routes by
applying route attributes.
u Supports load balancing and configuring the maximum equal-cost multi-path
routing number (supports up to 32 members for IPV6 load balancing).
u Supports password authentication and MD5 authentication to improve network
security.
u Supports restarting a protocol process manually using command lines.
u Supports suppressing the designated interface for receiving / sending OSPF
packets.
u Supports OSPF-BGP interaction.
42 Version: C
4 Feature
u Supports OSPF-LDP interaction.
u Supports OSPF fast convergence through the following three ways:
4 Adjusting time interval of LSA.
4 Enabling OSPF GR.
4 Configuring BFD for OSPF.
u Supports OSPF computing overhead of links based on reference bandwidth.
u Supports a two-level hierarchical structure in the routing domain for IS-IS.
u Supports IS-IS LDP interaction.
u Supports IS-IS GR, OSPF GR and BGP GR and provides high reliability
guarantee of NSF (Non-Stop Forwarding).
u BGP next-hop separation and dynamic update peer-groups.
u Supports IPv6 next-hop separation.
u Supports selecting routes using BGP policies when there are multiple routes
destined for the same destination.
u Supports BGP route reflector. When there are a large number of IBGP peers, it
costs a lot to set up a fully connected network. The use of route reflector can
solve this problem.
u Supports configuring the BDP update message to be transmitted without the
private autonomous system number.
u Supports configuring BGP route dampening so as to suppress unstable route
information. Routes of this type will not be added to the BGP routing table or
advertised to other BGP peers.
u Supports routing policies.
u Supports BGP route fast convergence. The new route convergence
mechanism and algorithm effectively improve the convergence rate of BGP
route. The main measures include prefix and next-hop separation, and on-
demand iteration.
u Supports BGP load balancing in multi-homing scenarios.
u Supports NSR (Non-Stop Routing), including IS-IS NSR and BGP NSR.
Version: C 43
CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router Product Description
4.3.2 Multicast Routing Feature
The CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router supports the following
multicast routing features:
u Supports IGMP (including IGMPv1, IGMPv2 and IGMPv3).
u Supports PM-SM.
u Supports PIM-SSM.
u Supports IPv6 multicast protocols, including PIM-SM-IPv6 and PIM-SSM-IPv6.
u Supports multicast static routing.
u Supports filtering routes using routing polices when the multicast routing
module receives, imports or advertises the multicast routing. Supports filtering
multicast packets according to policies upon forwarding multicast packets in IP
mode.
u Supports multicast VPN in MD (Multicast Domains) mode, implementing
centralized processing.
u Supports MSDP authentication.
u Supports IGMP message rate limiting and IGMP Proxy functions.
u Supports fast leave of the IGMP group member; supports Group-Policy for
limiting the forwarding table entry creation.
u Supports IGMP Snooping.
u Supports IGMP CPCAR configuration based on VSI.
u Supports multicast VLAN.
4.4 MPLS Feature
The following introduces the MPLS feature supported by the CiTRANS R8000
series of equipment.
MPLS Protocol
The CiTRANS R8000 series support MPLS as follows.
44 Version: C
4 Feature
u Supports basic functions and forwarding services of MPLS and implements
LDP signaling protocol. The MPLS protocol distributes labels, sets up LSPs
and transfers parameters required for setting up LSPs.
u Supports the maximal four-layer label stack.
u Supports LDP.
4 Two label advertisement modes, that is, DU (Downstream Unsolicited) and
DoD (Downstream-on-Demand).
4 Two Label distribution control modes, that is, independent label distribution
control and ordered label distribution control.
4 Two label retention modes, that is, liberal label retention and conservative
label retention.
4 Two loop detection mechanisms, that is, maximum number of hops and
path vector.
4 Two discovery mechanisms for LDP sessions, that is, basic discovery
mechanism and extended discovery mechanism.
u Supports MPLS Ping / Tracert, testing the availability of LSP using MPLS echo
request and MPLS echo reply.
u Supports LSP-based traffic statistics used to calculate bandwidth utilization and
supports LSP bandwidth threshold alarm.
u Supports management functions such as the LSP loop detection mechanism.
u Supports MPLS QoS. Supports mapping the IP message from the ToS domain
to the EXP domain of the MPLS message, and supports three modes: MPLS
Uniform, Pipe and Short Pipe.
u Supports statically configuring LSPs and forwarding labels based on traffic
classification.
u Supports TRAP of MPLS.
u Supports MPLS MTU modification.
u Supports LDP-IGP interaction. Minimizes the traffic loss time by synchronizing
the statuses of LDP and IGP when a fault occurs in the network.
u Serves as Label Edge Router (LER) or Label Switch Router (LSR).
u Supports creating LSPs between devices at different ISIS levels; LSPs and
LDPs are able to interwork with equipment of other vendors.
Version: C 45
CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router Product Description
u The supported MPLS complies with the standards such as RFC 3031, RFC
3032, RFC 3034, RFC 3035, RFC 3036 and RFC 3037, as well as CR-LDP and
RSVP-TE. The equipment can communicate with equipment of other vendors.
MPLS TE
Integrating MPLS technology and traffic engineering, MPLS TE reserves resources
by creating an LSP tunnel oriented to the designated path, enabling network traffic
to bypass congested node and balancing network traffic. MPLS TE mainly
implements the following two functions.
u Supports processing of static LSP: Creates and deletes static LSP. These
LSPs have bandwidth requirements and should be configured manually.
u Supports processing of different types of CR-LSP. Supports routing calculation
using the CSPF algorithm.
46 Version: C
4 Feature
For CR-LSP, implementation of MPLS TE mainly includes the following parts:
u RSVP-TE RSVP authentication conformable to requirements in RFC 3097.
u Automatic routing, including the following two modes.
4 IGP Shortcut: Advertises the LSP link locally and not to the neighbor
equipment. Other equipment cannot use this LSP.
4 Forwarding Adjacency: Advertises the LSP to the neighbor equipment.
Other equipment can use this LSP.
u Fast Re-Route: The switchover through FRR is within 50 ms, which minimizes
the data loss when network faults occur.
u Auto Fast Re-Route: Auto FRR is an extension of MPLS TE FRR function. By
configuring bypass tunnel properties, global Auto-FRR properties and interface
Auto-FRR properties of a main tunnel, the required bypass tunnels can be
created automatically on the LSP. As the main tunnel changes, the old bypass
tunnels will be deleted automatically and new bypass ones be set up as
required.
u Supports two standby modes of CR-LSP:
4 Hot standby: A standby CR-LSP is established immediately after the active
CR-LSP is established. When the active CR-LSP fails, MPLS TE switches
traffic immediately to the standby CR-LSP.
4 Ordinary standby: A backup CR-LSP is set up when the active CR-LSP
fails.
u make-before-break: A highly-reliable CR-LSP switching technology. When
creating a new CR-LSP, the original CR-LSP is not deleted. After the new CR-
LSP is created, switch the traffic to the new CR-LSP and then delete the
original one, ensuring that the service traffic will not be interrupted.
4.5 VPN Feature
The following introduces the VPN features of the CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-
Service High-End Router.
Version: C 47
CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router Product Description
4.5.1 L2VPN
PWE3
The PWE3 features of the CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router
are as follows:
u Supports detecting connectivity of PW by using BFD.
u Supports multi-segment PW.
u Supports OAM and QoS management of PW.
VPWS
The VPWS features of the CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router
are as follows:
u Supports the VPWS in Martini mode.
u Supports the VPWS across autonomous areas.
u Supports OAM and QoS management of the VPWS.
VPLS
The VPLS features of the CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router
are as follows:
u Supports the VPLS in Martini mode.
u Supports accessing the VPLS through a physical port or IEEE802.1Q mode.
u Supports the hierarchical VPLS.
u Supports the VPLS across autonomous areas.
u Supports OAM and QoS management of the VPLS.
u Supports quick cancellation of MAC address of the VPLS.
u Supports loop avoidance in VPLS.
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4.5.2 L3VPN
The L3VPN features of the CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router
are as follows:
u Supports multiple routing protocols such as BGP, OSPF, IS-IS, and static
routing protocols between the PE and the CE.
u Supports the hierarchical VPN.
u Supports IPv6 VPN.
u Supports multicast VPN.
u Provides L3VPN services of a single domain and operators and L3VPN
services across domains.
u Provides a mature end-to-end backup mechanism.
4.6 QoS
The following introduces the QoS features of the CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-
Service High-End Router.
4.6.1 Flow Classification
The Ethernet / IP service supports the following flow classification rules:
u Flow classification based on port.
u Flow classification based on VLANID and VLAN priority.
u Flow classification based on source and sink MAC addresses.
u Flow classification based on source and sink IP addresses.
u Flow classification based on IP and DSCP.
u Flow classification based on TCP port number.
u Flow classification based on any combination of port, VLANID, VLAN priority,
source and sink MAC addresses, source and sink IP addresses, and port
number.
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CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router Product Description
4.6.2 Traffic Policing
The CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router supports add / drop
traffic bandwidth control at multiple levels.
u Traffic bandwidth control based on LSP.
u Traffic bandwidth control based on PW.
u Traffic bandwidth control based on VPWS and VPLS.
u Traffic bandwidth control based on physical ports.
u Traffic bandwidth control based on logical ports.
4.6.3 Queue Scheduling
When congestion occurs, the CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End
Router employs different queue scheduling policies to guarantee the QoS of
services with high priorities.
The CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router supports the following
queue scheduling modes:
u PQ (Priority Queue)
Packets are scheduled in strict accordance with the priorities of queues.
Packets in queues with lower priorities are sent only after all packets in queues
with higher priorities are forwarded.
u WFQ (Weighted Fair Queuing)
Queues are scheduled fairly based on the weights assigned to them. Queues
with higher priorities are assigned higher weights and therefore occupy more
bandwidth. Similarly, queues with lower priorities are assigned lower weights
and therefore occupy less bandwidth.
u DWRR (Dynamic Weighted Round-Robin)
Calculates the number of bytes for each queue according to the service level
and total output bandwidth of the queue and allocates bandwidth to each queue
through polling.
u Supports FQ+WFQ or PD+DWRR queue scheduling.
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4.6.4 Traffic Shaping
The CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router supports limiting burst
traffic through traffic shaping to shape irregular traffic or traffic that does not comply
with the expected result so that packet flows can be sent in an even speed and
bandwidth can be well matched between networks.
4.6.5 Congestion Management
When network congestion occurs, the CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-
End Router employs certain queue buffering management policies to preferentially
ensure the QoS of services with high priorities.
The CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router supports two types of
queue buffering management policies as follows:
u Tail drop
When a queue is full, packets that arrive later are discarded.
u WRED
4 When the number of packets stored in a buffer does not exceed the
threshold specified by START, the system does not discard packets.
4 When the number of packets stored in the buffer exceeds the threshold
specified by END, all packets are discarded.
4 When the number of packets stored in the buffer is between the START
and the END, all packets face a probability of being dropped based on an
average-queue-length function.
4.6.6 Connection Admission
The CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router provides the
connection admission control function, supports checking bandwidth parameters of
service configuration for their validity, and rejects those parameters that do not meet
bandwidth requirements. The sum of bandwidth configured for different traffic flows
does not exceed the bandwidth of egress or upper-level channel.
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CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router Product Description
4.6.7 HQoS
The CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router supports HQoS and
meets the TR-095 specification. The HQoS features are as follows:
u Provides a multi-level scheduling mechanism, implements HQoS scheduling
based on port, service, VLAN, and user, and refines the control granularity.
u Provides a multi-level flow control mechanism, implements flow control based
on port, service, VLAN, and user, and controls service QoS in an all-around
manner.
u Supports configuration of queue policies such as WFQ and WRED and
improves QoS control flexibility.
4.6.8 Ethernet QoS
The CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router supports Ethernet QoS,
which has the following features:
u Supports QoS based on 802.1Q/802.1p.
u Supports hierarchical QoS.
u Supports providing guarantee for end-to-end Ethernet services.
4.7 Traffic Load Balancing
The CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router supports load
balancing among ports. When there are multiple equal-cost routes, the CiTRANS
R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router supports evenly distributing traffic on
the routes.
4.8 Traffic Statistics
The CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router supports multiple traffic
statistics modes and provides users with detailed statistical data to help users
analyze the online behavior model and perform charging by traffic.
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u Supports traffic statistics of LSP: statistics of total traffic of LSP.
u Supports traffic statistics of PW: statistics of total traffic of PW.
u Supports interface traffic statistics: statistics of traffic on physical interfaces,
loopback interfaces. etc.
u Supports traffic statistics of VPN: statistics of ingress and egress traffic of
L2VPN and L3VPN.
u Supports HQoS traffic statistics: statistics of forwarded packets and discarded
packets of port queues, user queues, and user group queues.
4.9 Security Feature
This section introduces security features of the CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-
Service High-End Router.
Security Authentication
u AAA
u MD5 encrypted text authentication supported by routing protocols that include
OSPF, IS-IS, and BGP
u MD5 encrypted text authentication supported by LDP.
u SNMPv3 encryption and authentication
URPF Detection
Supports URPF for IPv4 / IPv6 traffic.
MAC Address Limit
The limit on MAC address learning is as follows.
u Limit on the number of MAC addresses that can be learned.
u Limit on the speed of MAC address learning.
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CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router Product Description
MAC entries in a MAC address table are classified into two types.
u Dynamic entries: Dynamic entries are learnt by interfaces and stored in
hardware of LPUs. Dynamic entries age. Dynamic entries will be lost in the
case of the system reset, LPU hot swap, or LPU reset.
u Static entries: Static entries are configured by users and delivered to LPUs.
Static entries do not age. After static entries are configured and saved, they are
not lost in the case of the system reset, LPU hot swap, or LPU reset.
The MAC entry deletion functions are as follows.
u Interface+VSI-based MAC entry deletion
u Interface+VLAN-based MAC entry deletion
u Trunk-based MAC entry deletion
u Outbound QinQ interface-based MAC entry deletion
Unknown Traffic Limit
With the unknown traffic limit, the CiTRANS R8000 implements the following
operations on a VPLS or Layer 2 network.
u Manages user traffic.
u Allocates bandwidth to users.
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Local Attack Defense
The CiTRANS R8000 provides a uniform local attack defense module to manage
and maintain the attack defense policies of the whole system, therefore offering an
all-around attack defense solution that is operable and maintainable to users. The
CiTRANS R8000 supports the following attack defense functions.
u White list: refers to a group of valid users or users with high priorities. By
configuring the whitelist, you can enable the system to protect existing services
or user services with high priorities.
u Black list: refers to a group of invalid users. You can define a blacklist through
ACLs. The users confirmed as attackers are added to the blacklist. Then,
packets that match the blacklist are discarded or sent to the CPU with a lower
priority.
u CPU total CAR: set the rate of sending the classified packets to the CPU. You
can set the average rate, the committed burst size (CBS), and the priority for
each type of packets. User-defined flow.
u User-defined flow: refers to that a user defines the ACL rule to defend against
attacks.
u Active link protection (ALP): The CiTRANS R8000 protects the TCP-based
application-layer data such as session data with the whitelist function.
u Local URPF: If the route is a local route, the packets must pass URPF check
before being sent to the CPU.
u Defense against TCP/IP packet attacks as follows.
4 Malformed packets: including null IGMP packets, packets with invalid TCP
flag bits, LAND attack packets, IP packets whose payloads are null, and
smurf attack packets.
4 Attack defense against fragmentation Fragmented packets, including
packets with a huge number of fragments or packets that have a large
offset value, repetitive fragmented packets, tear Drop, syndrop, nesta,
fawx, bonk, NewTear, Rose, ping of death, and Jolt attacks.
4 TCP SYN packet rate limited.
4 UDP flood attack defense.
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CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router Product Description
GTSM
u GTSM is a security protection mechanism for universal TTL.
u The GTSM protects services above the IP layer by checking whether the TTL
value in the IP header is within a specified range.
u In actual applications, the GTSM is mainly used to protect the TCP/IP-based
control plane against attacks of the CPU-utilization type.
u Supports BGP GTSM, BGP+ GTSM, OSPF GTSM and LDP GTSM.
ARP Attack Defense
The CiTRANS R8000 supports the following ARP attack defense functions.
u Interface-based ARP entry restriction.
u The destination address check for the ARP packet: The system checks
whether the destination IP address of the ARP packet received on the interface
is correct. If the destination IP address is correct, the packet is sent to the CPU;
otherwise, the packet is discarded.
u Bidirectional separation of ARP.
u Filtration of invalid ARP packets. The CiTRANS R8000 filters out the following
types of ARP packets:
4 Invalid ARP packets, including ARP request packets with the destination
MAC addresses being unicast addresses, ARP request packets with the
source MAC addresses being non-unicast addresses, and ARP reply
packets with the destination MAC addresses being non-unicast addresses.
4 Gratuitous ARP packets.
4 ARP request packets with valid MAC addresses.
Local Mirroring
u In local mirroring, an LPU can be configured with a physical observing port,
multiple logical observing ports, and multiple mirrored ports.
u Local mirroring can be inter-LPU mirroring, which means that the observing port
and mirrored port reside on different LPUs. Inbound and outbound traffic
mirroring is supported in inter-board port mirroring Mirroring between different
types of interfaces is supported.
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u Mirroring between different types of interfaces is supported.
Netstream
u Supports Netstream IPv4 and Netstream IPv6.
u Netstream supports the following applications: accounting, network planning
and analysis, network monitoring, application monitoring and analysis, and
abnormal traffic detection.
SSHv2
The CiTRANS R8000 supports the STelnet client and server and the SFTP client
and server. Both support SSH1 and SSH2.
4.10 Reliability
This section introduces reliability supported by the CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-
Service High-End Router, mainly including the equipment-level protection and
network-level protection.
u The equipment-level protection includes hot standby equipment protection for
the main processing unit and clock unit, switch unit service protection, and hot
standby equipment protection for power terminal board and fan unit.
u The network-level protection includes NSR, FRR, reliability of interface line
card, alarm suppression, Ethernet OAM, VRRP, GR, BFD and error switching.
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CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router Product Description
Hot Standby Protection for the Main Processing Unit
The SRC card is the switching, routing and clock unit. The main processing unit of
the standby SRC card provides hot standby protection for that of the active SRC
card. The trigger conditions of the hot standby protection are as follows.
u The hardware of the active card fails.
u The main processing unit fails.
u The switching command is delivered manually.
u The main processing card is manually unplugged.
u The active card performs a hard reset.
Table 4-1 describes hot standby protection parameters of the main processing unit.
Table 4-1 Description of Hot Standby Protection for the Main Processing Unit
Parameter Description
CiTRANS R8000-3: 4 and 5
Card slot CiTRANS R8000-5: 6 and 7
CiTRANS R8000-10: 12 and 13
Return mode Non-revertive
Note 1: The return modes include Revertive and Non-revertive. In the revertive mode, the
service will be switched back to the active card after the active card restores. In the
non-revertive mode, the service will not be switched back to the active card
automatically after the active card restores.
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Hot Standby Protection for the Clock Unit
The SRC card is the switching, routing and clock unit. The clock unit of the standby
SRC card provides hot standby protection for that of the active SRC card. The
trigger conditions of the hot standby protection are as follows.
u The hardware of the active card fails.
u The clock unit fails.
u The switching command is delivered manually.
u The main processing card is manually unplugged.
u The active card performs a hard reset.
Table 4-2 describes hot standby protection parameters of the clock unit.
Table 4-2 Description of Hot Standby Protection for the Clock Unit
Parameter Description
CiTRANS R8000-3: 4 and 5
Card slot CiTRANS R8000-5: 6 and 7
CiTRANS R8000-10: 12 and 13
Return modeNote 1 Non-revertive
Note 1: The return modes include Revertive and Non-revertive. In the revertive mode, the
service will be switched back to the active card after the active card restores. In the
non-revertive mode, the service will not be switched back to the active card
automatically after the active card restores.
Service Protection of the Switching Unit
u The switching unit of the CiTRANS R8000-10 consists of the SRCA cards and
the SNUA cards. It protects services through 2+1 load balancing.
u The switching unit of the CiTRANS R8000-5 consists of the SRCB cards. It
protects services through 1+1 load balancing.
u The switching unit of the CiTRANS R8000-3 consists of the SRCC cards. It
protects services through 1+1 load balancing.
u The trigger conditions of the switching unit protection are as follows.
4 The SRC or SNU card is mistakenly unplugged.
4 The SRC or SNU card performs a hard reset.
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CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router Product Description
Hot Standby Protection for the Power Supply Card
u The CiTRANS R8000-10 is equipped with four PWRA cards that work in 2+2
hot standby mode.
u The CiTRANS R8000-5 and CiTRANS R8000-3 are equipped with two PWR
cards that work in 1+1 hot standby mode.
u The trigger conditions of the hot standby protection for the power terminal
board are as follows.
4 The hardware of the power supply fails.
4 The input line of the power supply is faulty.
u Table 4-3 describes hot standby protection parameters of the power supply
card.
Table 4-3 Parameter Description of Hot Standby Protection for the Power Terminal Board
Parameter Description
CiTRANS R8000-3 / CiTRANS R8000-5:
Card slot PWR1-1/1-2
CiTRANS R8000-10: PWR1-1/2-2/1-2/2-2
Return modeNote 1 Non-revertive
Note 1: The return modes include Revertive and Non-revertive. In the revertive mode, the
service will be switched back to the active card after the active card restores. In the
non-revertive mode, the service will not be switched back to the active card
automatically after the active card restores.
Hot Standby Protection for the Fan Unit
u The CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router is equipped with
multiple fan units. When a fan is faulty, other fans run at full speed and an alarm
is generated.
u The hot standby protection will be triggered if the hardware of the fan unit fails.
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u Table 4-4 describes hot standby protection parameters of the fan unit.
Table 4-4 Description of Hot Standby Protection for the Fan Unit
Parameter Description
CiTRANS R8000-3: FAN-1 to FAN-2
Card slot CiTRANS R8000-5: FAN-1 to FAN-3
CiTRANS R8000-10: FAN-1 to FAN-5
Return modeNote 1 Non-revertive
Note 1: The return modes include Revertive and Non-revertive. In the revertive mode, the
service will be switched back to the active card after the active card restores. In the
non-revertive mode, the service will not be switched back to the active card
automatically after the active card restores.
NSR
u Supports NSR for OSPF, NSR for LDP, NSR for RSVP-TE, NSR for PIM, NSR
for PPP, NSR for ARP and NSR for LACP.
u Supports NSR for L2VPN, NSR for L3VPN and NSR for IPv6.
u Supports NSR for ISIS, NSR for BGP / BGP4+ and NSR for multicast (PIM /
MSDP).
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CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router Product Description
FRR
Supports the following functions.
u IP FRR: The switchover through FRR is within 50 ms, which minimizes the data
loss when network faults occur.
u LDP FRR: The switching can be complete in 50 ms.
u Hybrid FRR: Combines the IP route and VPN route in one VPN instance into
FRR. The switchover through hybrid FRR is within 50 ms.
u TE FRR: The technology that implements local protection for networks. Only
interfaces whose rate is above 100 Mbps are TE FRR capable. TE FRR
switching can be complete in 50 ms. In this manner, the data loss caused by
network failures is minimized to a great extend.
4 But TE FRR is just a temporary measure of protection. If the protected LSP
recovers or a new LSP is set up, traffics will be switched back to the
original LSP or the new LSP.
4 When a link or node fails, the LSP that is configured with FRR
automatically switches over traffics to the protection link. At the same time,
ingress node of the LSP attempts to set up a new LSP.
4 Based on the object to be protected, TE FRR is classified into the following
two categories: link protection and node protection.
u Auto FRR: an extension of MPLS TE FRR function. By configuring bypass
tunnel properties and global Auto-FRR properties of a main tunnel, you can
create the required bypass tunnels automatically on the LSP. As the main
tunnel changes, the old bypass tunnels will be deleted automatically and new
bypass ones be set up as required.
u VPWS FRR: The switching can be complete in 50 ms.
u VPN FRR: The switching can be complete in 50 ms.
Reliability of Interface Line Card
u Supports VRRP on Ethernet interfaces.
u Supports backup of Eth-Trunk member interfaces, or backup of Eth-Trunk or IP-
Trunk member interfaces and non-member interfaces.
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Alarm Suppression
Suppresses alarms. This can filter out the burr and prevent the network from
frequently flapping.
Ethernet OAM
Supports EFM OAM: Supports point-to-point Ethernet fault management to detect
faults in the last mile of the direct link on the user side of the Ethernet.
VRRP
Supports mVRRP, rapid switchover based on the interaction of VRRP and BFD, and
VRRP for IPv6.
GR
u The CiTRANS R8000 supports system-level GR and protocol-level GR.
u Protocol-level GR includes: GR for IS-IS, GR for OSPF, GR for BGP, GR for
MPLS LDP, GR for VPWS, GR for VPLS, GR for L3VPN, GR for RSVP and GR
for PIM.
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CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router Product Description
BFD
BFD is one set of detection mechanisms which are uniform in the entire network. It
is used to rapidly detect and monitor the forwarding and connectivity statuses of
links or IP routings in the network. It supports the following features.
u BFD for VRRP: Detects and monitors the forwarding and connectivity statuses
of links or IP routings in the network using BFD, and triggers the rapid
switchover of VRRP.
u BFD triggering fast re-route. The details are as follows.
4 BFD for LDP FRR.
4 LDP FRR switchover is triggered after BFD detects faults on protected
interfaces.
4 BFD for IP FRR and BFD for VPN FRR.
4 IP FRR and VPN FRR are triggered after BFD detects faults and reports
fault information to the upper layer applications.
u BFD for static routing.
u BFD for IS-IS: Supports detection on the IS-IS adjacency by using the BFD
session that is configured statically. BFD detects the fault of the link between
the adjacent IS-IS nodes and rapidly reports the fault to IS-IS. Thus fast
convergence of IS-IS routes is performed.
u BFD for OSPF / BGP: Supports OSPF and BGP in dynamically setting up and
deleting the BFD session.
u BFD detecting Trunk: BFD can detect a trunk and the member links of the trunk
independently. That is, it can detect the connectivity of the trunk and that of an
important member link of the trunk.
u BFD for LSP performs fast fault detection of the LSP, the TE tunnel, and the PW.
In this manner, BFD for LSP implements fast switchover of MPLS services such
as VPN FRR, TE FRR, and VPWS FRR.
u BFD for dot1q sub-interface.
u Supports multi-hop BFD.
u BFD for IPv6: Supports BFD for OSPFv3 / ISISv6 / BGP4+.
u Supports BFD for VPLS PW and VPWS PW.
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u Supports unicast of VPLS over LDP FRR / FW
Error Switchover
Error switchover is a reliability mechanism that triggers the network protection
switching by error events, which reduces the impact caused by error. In terms of
error switchover, the CiTRANS R8000 supports interacted LSP switchover.
4.11 Clock Feature
The following introduces the clock features, synchronous Ethernet technology,
1588v2 time synchronization technology and NTP time synchronization technology
of the CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router.
u The synchronous Ethernet technology is mainly applicable to scenarios where
frequency differences among equipment of the overall network are kept within a
reasonable tolerance.
u The 1588v2 time synchronization technology is mainly applicable to scenarios
of the network where high time synchronization precision is required.
u NTP is mainly applicable to scenarios of the network where clocks of all hosts
or routers are required to be consistent.
4 Network management: uses need to use time as a reference when
analyzing logs and commissioning information collected from different
routers.
4 Accounting system: An accounting system requires clocks of all equipment
to be consistent.
4 Execution of some functions: Execution of some functions, for example,
rebooting all routers in the network at a preset time, requires clocks of all
routers to be consistent.
4 Coordinative handling of a complicated case using multiple systems: To
guarantee a correct executing order, the systems should refer to the same
clock.
4 Incremental backup between the backup server and the client: Incremental
backup between the backup server and the client requires clocks of the
backup server and all clients to be synchronized.
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4 User login time: some applications need to know the time when a user logs
into the system and the time when a file is modified.
For numerous equipment in the network, modifying system clock manually by
the administrator presents a heavy workload and a poor guarantee for clock
precision. By configuring NTP, clocks of equipment in the network can be
synchronized rapidly at a higher precision.
4.11.1 Introduction to Clock and Time Synchronization
Synchronization covers clock synchronization and time synchronization.
u Frequency synchronization, or clock synchronization, refers to: (1) the attaining
of synchronism between the frequencies or phases of two or more signals; (2)
the obtaining of a desired, fixed relationship among corresponding significant
instants of two or more signal; (3) the valid moment occurs at the same rate.
u Time synchronization indicates that the internal clock and time of a device are
controlled based on the received time. Time synchronization controls both clock
frequency and phase and represents clock phase with a value, that is, time of
the day (ToD).
The synchronization technologies implemented by the CiTRANS R8000 Series
Multi-Service High-End Router are as follows:
u Synchronous Ethernet technology (for clock synchronization)
u 1588v2 technology (for time synchronization)
Figure 4-2 shows the difference between time synchronization and clock
synchronization.
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Figure 4-2 Difference between Time Synchronization and Clock Synchronization
u Electronic clocks 1 and 2 maintain time consistency at every moment. This
status is called time synchronization.
u Electronic clocks 1 and 2 maintain a constant time difference, for example, one
hour. This status is called clock synchronization.
Note:
The consistency of time difference between electronic clocks 1 and 2
cannot be maintained if electronic clocks 1 and 2 have different
frequencies. Therefore, clock synchronization is the prerequisite for time
synchronization.
4.11.1.1 Synchronous Ethernet Technology
The synchronous Ethernet technology, simplified as SyncE, implements clock
recovery by using Ethernet link code streams. The coding of the Ethernet physical
layer uses the 4B / 5B (FE) and 8B / 10B (GE) technologies. As a result, clock
information is well included. On the Ethernet, a high-precision clock is used to send
data on the source interface. The clock is recovered and extracted at the receive
end, which maintains high-precision clock performance.
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CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router Product Description
Figure 4-3 shows the principle of the synchronous Ethernet. As a technology of
clock frequency synchronization, the synchronous Ethernet uses physical layer
signals of the Ethernet to transmit clocks.
Figure 4-3 The Synchronous Ethernet Schematic Diagram
u The equipment (Node A) at the transmit end injects a high-precision clock to
the PHY chip of the Ethernet. The PHY chip uses the high-precision clock to
send data.
u The PHY chip of the equipment (Node B) at the receive end extracts the clock
from the data code stream without deteriorating the clock precision, ensuring
precise clock synchronization with the source end.
The synchronous Ethernet technology is easy to implement and the clock
synchronization quality is high. The implementation technology is mature. It is
applicable to network frequency synchronization.
4.11.1.2 1588v2 Time Synchronization Technology
IEEE 1588v2 enables the most precise time on a distributed network to keep
synchronous with other time. IEEE 1588v2 defines a Precision Time Protocol (PTP)
to implement submicrosecond-level synchronization for clocks of sensors,
performers, and other terminals on standard Ethernets or distributed bus systems
that use multicast technologies. In IEEE 1588, four types of packets, that is, Sync,
Follow_up, Delay-Req, and Delay-Resp, are used for time alignment and delay
compensation.
Figure 4-4 shows the IEEE 1588v2 time synchronization solution.
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Figure 4-4 Implementation Solution of 1588v2 Time Synchronization
Figure 4-5 shows the IEEE 1588v2 time synchronization principle.
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CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router Product Description
Figure 4-5 Implementation Schematic Diagram of 1588v2 Time Synchronization
According to Figure 4-5:
t1 + TSlaveoffset + TDelay(m->s) = t2; (1)
t3 - TSlaveoffset + TDelay(s->m) = t4; (2)
(1)+(2): TDelay(m->s)+ TDelay(s->m) = (t2 - t1) + (t4 - t3)
Assume that TDelay(m->s) = TDelay(s->m) = TDelay. The formula for calculating the delay
between the master and slave ports is as follows:
TDelay = [(t2- t1) + (t4- t3)]/2
The master and slave ports send PTP packets continuously. The slave port
synchronizes its time with TDelay so that its time is synchronous with that of the
master port.
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IEEE 1588v2 delivers high synchronization precision, precise to submicroseconds.
IEEE 1588v2 complies with the industrial standard, beneficial to interconnect and
intercommunicate. IEEE 1588v2 is applicable to time synchronization over networks.
4.11.1.3 NTP Time Synchronization Technology
NTP implements clock synchronization to equipment that provides clocks within the
network and keeps all clocks basically consistent over the network. In this way, the
equipment can provide various applications based on a unified time.
The local system where the NTP is running can be synchronized by other clock
sources, synchronize other clocks as a clock source, or synchronize each other by
exchanging NTP messages.
NTP messages are encapsulated into UDP packets for transmission using the port
123.
NTP has the following advantages:
u Defines the clock precision using the Stratum method and synchronizes the
equipment time in the network quickly.
u Supports access control and MD5 authentication.
u Transmits protocol packets in the unicast, multicast or broadcast manner.
See Figure 4-6 for the basic operating principles of NTP. Router A and Router B are
connected by a WAN (Wide Area Network). Each of them has its own system clock
that is synchronized automatically by means of NTP.
The assumptions are as follows:
u Before system clock synchronization, the clock of Router A is set to
10:00:00am, and that of Router B to 11:00:00am.
u Router B plays the role of NTP time server. Clock of Router A is synchronized
to that of Router B.
u It takes one second for packets to be transmitted unidirectionally between
Router A and Router B.
u It takes one second for both Router A and Router B to process NTP packets.
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CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router Product Description
Figure 4-6 The NTP Basic Schematic Diagram
The system clock synchronization operates based on the following process:
1. Router A sends a NTP packet to Router B. The packet carries the time stamp
10:00:00am (T1) when it leaves Router A.
2. When the packet reaches Router B, Router B adds an arrival time stamp
11:00:01am (T2) to it.
3. When the packet leaves Router B, Router B adds a departure time stamp
11:00:02am (T3) to it.
4. When receiving the response packet, Router A adds a new time stamp
10:00:03am (T4).
Till then, Router A acquires enough information to calculate the following two
major parameters:
4 Delay for a NTP message experiencing a cycle of transmit and receive:
Delay=(T4-T1)-(T3-T2).
4 Offset of Router A in relation to Router B: Offset=((T2-T1)+(T3-T4))/2.
Router A sets its clock based on the Offset and Delay and synchronizes its
clock with Router B.
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The NTP operating principles are as briefly described above. In RFC 1305,
NTP ensures the precision of clock synchronization using a complex algorithm.
The concept of server and client end is relative. The equipment that provides a
time reference is referred to as a time server, and the equipment that receives
time service is referred to as a client end.
4.11.2 Ethernet Clock Synchronization Feature
The internal system clock unit of the CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-
End Router is embedded into the SRC card and provides the clock reference for the
entire system.
The clock unit meets requirements of ITU-T G.8261 specification on synchronous
Ethernet and provides a system clock in compliance with the G.8262 standard for
synchronous Ethernet devices. It supports multiple types of timing reference source
and provides stratum 3 clock, which makes the CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-
Service High-End Router to adapt to different environments and support flexible
networking. Its features are as follows:
u Provides stable clock frame positioning pulse and multiframe positioning pulse.
u Automatically selects and traces proper clock reference sources.
u Provides input interfaces for multiple types of clock reference sources.
u Provides 2048 kHz and 2048 kbit/s (HDB3) stratum-3 clock sources.
u Provides automatic protection switchover.
u Provides a superior monitoring and management system.
u Provides the mutual locking function for dual cards and supports smooth clock
switchover.
The CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router supports extraction of
clock information from the following transmission links:
u FE interface
u GE interface
u 10GE interface
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CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router Product Description
4.11.3 1588v2 Time Synchronization Feature
Time Synchronization Feature
The clock signal of the CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router can
be synchronized in in-band (IEEE1588v2 interface) or out-of-band (TOD interface)
mode. The performance parameters of the two modes are as follows:
u In-band (IEEE1588v2 interface) mode
4 Supports ordinary clock (OC) and boundary clock (BC). Ports can work in
master / slave mode.
4 Supports asymmetrical compensation for path delay (the compensation
step is not greater than 10 ns), configurable interval for sending packets,
and PTP parameter setting.
u Out-of-band (TOD interface) mode
4 TOD information: The baud rate is 9600 by default; no parity check is
provided; one start bit (indicated by low level) and one stop bit (indicated
by high level) are provided; idle frames are at high level; there are eight
data bits; the TOD information transmission occurs at 1ms after the rising
edge of the 1 pps and completes within 500ms, and the TOD information
labels the rise time of the current 1PPS. A TOD protocol packet is sent
every one second.
4 1PPS: The rising edge is used as the on-time edge. When the rising time is
shorter than 50 ns, the pulse width is about 180 ms.
Intra-system Clock Signal Flow Chart
Figure 4-7 illustrates the internal clock signal flow direction of the CiTRANS R8000
Series Multi-Service High-End Router. The clock signals from various slots are
selected by the clock module of the SRC card. Then, 25 MHz and 8 kHz signals are
sent to various slots through phase-locked loop to implement the synchronization
and timing of the system and synchronize the local NE with the intended
synchronization reference source.
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Figure 4-7 CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End RouterClock Signal Flow Direction
4.11.4 NTP Time Synchronization Feature
The CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router supports the following
four NTPv4 operating modes:
u Server end / client end mode
u Peer mode
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CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router Product Description
u Broadcast mode
u Multicast mode
The CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router supports the following
two NTP security mechanisms:
u Access authorization
The CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router provides four
levels of access limit. When a NTP access request arrives at the local end,
matching is made orderly based on the limit order from the minimum to the
maximum and the first matching prevails. The matching order is as follows:
peer: (with the minimum access limit) time request and controlled query to the
local NTP service is allowed. The local clock can be synchronized with a
remote server.
server: time request and controlled query to the local NTP service is allowed.
The local clock cannot be synchronized with a remote server.
synchronization: only time request to the local NTP service is allowed.
query: (with the maximum access limit) only controlled query to the local NTP
service is allowed.
u Verification function
Observe the following rules while configuring the NTP verification functions:
The NTP verification is valid only when both the client end and the server end
are configured. If the NTP verification function is enabled, the key should be
configured also. And a credible key should be stated.
The server end and the client end should be configured with the same key.
4.12 Operation and Maintenance Feature
This section introduces the operation and maintenance features of the CiTRANS
R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router.
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4.12.1 System Configuration Method
The CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router provides two
configuration methods: configuration via CLI and configuration via the OTNM2000.
The configuration via CLI supports:
u Configuration using the Console interface
u Telnet / SSH remote login
The Console interface serves as the CLI input interface to send command lines to
the control plane.
The Console interface serves as the debugging interface to receive various debug
information from control plane and data plane, and also delivers debugging
commands and control commands.
This mechanism supports alarm and performance management based on SNMP.
4.12.2 System Management and Maintenance
The CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router provides the powerful
system management and maintenance functions.
u Provides the functions such as card presence detection, hot insertion detection,
Watch Dog, card reset, system operation indicator LED, fan monitoring, power
supply monitoring, system debugging, active/standby switch and version query.
u Provides functions such as local / remote software upgrade / data loading,
upgrade rollback, backup, saving and clearing.
u Provides functions such as hierarchical user authority management, operation
log management, CLI online help and CLI explanation.
u Supports three user authentication modes: local authentication, RADIUS server
authentication and TACACS server authentication. The system can
authenticate user ID and grant proper authorization through the CLI and SNMP
network management system.
u Supports in-band and out-of-band network management.
u Supports multi-user operation.
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u Supports information query of L2 / L3 interface.
u Provides the functions such as alarm level management, alarm classification
and alarm filtering.
u The interface and optical module support Shutdown and No Shutdown.
4.12.3 Equipment Operation Status Monitoring
The CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router provides
comprehensive monitoring function of the equipment operation status. Syslog is a
sub-function of equipment management. Syslog uses UDP for transmission and
port 514 to output the log information to the log host.
The information center can receive and process three types of information.
u log: log information.
u debug: debugging information.
u trap: alarm information.
Information is classified into eight levels according to the severity or urgency. The
severer the information is, the smaller the value is, as shown in Table 4-5.
Table 4-5 Information Level
Value Severity Description
Urgent error, which should be corrected immediately, or the
system will be crashed. For example, the CPU temperature
0 Urgent
exceeds the threshold, or the memory is exhausted and
the system needs to be rebooted.
1 Warning The information should be handled immediately.
2 Critical Severe and critical information.
3 Error Errors should be concerned, which may influence services.
4 Alarm Error or collision may exist.
5 Notification Normal but significant information.
General informative message. For example, the neighbor
6 Information
status changes and the interface status changes.
7 Debugging Debugging information.
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The information center has 10 channels. Users can set the channel type for current
output of the equipment as desired. The output to multiple reachable channels at the
same time is supported.
All the alarm information of the CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End
Router is saved in the log files, and log files are saved in the CF card. The time of
saving alarm information depends on the alarm quantity. Generally the alarm
information of several months can be saved.
4.12.4 System Service and Status Tracing
The CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router provides the system
service and status tracing function.
u Monitors the state machine changes of routing protocol.
u Monitors the state machine changes of LDP of MPLS protocol.
u Monitors the state machine changes related to VPN.
u Monitors the protocol message type sent from forwarding engine to control
layer, and displays the detailed information of the message using the
debugging switch.
u Monitors the abnormal messages and count them.
u Provides notification if the exception handling process takes effect.
u Gathers the statistics on the system resources occupied by each feature
system.
4.12.5 System Test and Diagnosis
The CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router provides the
Debugging function for the service operation.
u Records the key event, message processing, message analysis, status
switching on line during operation of the service designated by users.
u Supports equipment debugging and network scheme for users.
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CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router Product Description
The software operation test and diagnosis of the CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-
Service High-End Router provides the Trace function for system.
u Records the significant events such as task switch, task break, queue reading
and writing, system exception on line. Reads the Trace information as the
reference for fault isolation after the system reboot due to system faults.
u The Trace function can be enabled and disabled using the console command.
The CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router can query the CPU
occupation ratio of the core switch card and interface line card in real time.
The Debugging and Trace functions of the CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service
High-End Router can be classified in a unified way in the system. The messages of
different sensitive levels can be oriented to different output destinations according to
the users' configuration, such as console display, Syslog server and SNMP Trap
alarm triggering.
4.12.6 Service Fault Detection
u Supports PWE3 traceroute.
u Supports Ping, UDP, TCP, SNMP and traceroute service tests.
u Supports ping detection from single-segment PW / multi-segment MS to PW
L3VPN of VPWS.
u Supports traceroute detection from single-segment PW / multi-segment MS to
PW L3VPN of VPWS.
u Supports LDP ping and traceroute detection of LSP.
u Supports RSVP ping and traceroute detection of LSP.
4.12.7 In-service Debugging
The CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router provides port mirroring
function for mapping designated flow to a certain monitoring port. The in-service
debugging is supported for high-level maintainer to debug and analyze the network
operation status.
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4.12.8 System Upgrade
u Online upgrade
Supports online software upgrade. Also supports in-service patching function
for upgrading the designated feature.
u Integrated equipment upgrade
Optimizes the entire upgrade. It takes only one command to automatically
upgrade the entire equipment, saving time for users. The upgrade progress is
displayed and the upgrade result can be viewed.
u Rollback function
If the new system software fails to be started during upgrade process, the
system can be started using the previous successfully-started system software.
The rollback function can prevent services from being affected due to system
upgrade failure.
4.12.9 Card Bootstrap
The CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router provides the card
bootstrap function. When the SRC card of the CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service
High-End Router is present and works properly and a new card is inserted, the
system can automatically detect information about the new card, report the
information to the core switch module, prompt the user to confirm, and store the
detected configuration information to the database. Consequently, this simplifies the
management configuration procedures and facilitates the project commissioning
and maintenance.
4.12.10 Power Supply and Environment Monitoring Capability
The CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router provides -48V power
supply input, monitors the power supply status and the temperature inside the
cabinet via the SRC card, and automatically controls the work of the fan system
according to the preset temperature threshold.
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CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router Product Description
The CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router performs real-time
monitoring and data report of the equipment room environment via the external
monitoring interface of the SRC card.
4.12.11 Intelligent Fan Feature
Overview
The fan unit of the CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router can work
in intelligent mode or manual mode.
u Intelligent mode: The fan unit automatically adjusts the rotational speed of the
fan based on the temperature reported by each card of the equipment. Speed
choices include full speed, high speed, medium-high speed, medium speed,
medium-low speed, low speed, and ultra-low speed.
u Manual mode: The fan unit operates based on the rotational speed set via the
OTNM2000. Speed choices include full speed, high speed, medium-high speed,
medium speed, medium-low speed, low speed, and ultra-low speed. When fans
can be stopped, the stop choice can be selected.
Warning:
In the manual mode, the equipment cannot monitor temperature changes
in real time, which may cause faults on the equipment. The fan unit must
be in the intelligent mode when the equipment works properly.
Function Implementation
The fan unit is started in soft-start mode to reduce the impact of fan startup on the
equipment. In the intelligent mode, after starting, the fan unit rotates at a medium
speed before the SRC card controls the fan unit.
u After controlling the fan, the SRC card regularly collects the temperature
information reported by each card of the equipment and compares the collected
temperature information with the fan speed adjustment parameter of each card
to determine the speed for fan operations.
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u The fan unit controls the fan to operate in the required speed based on the
speed information sent by the SRC card, thereby ensuring cooling of the
equipment.
u When the fan is faulty, the fan unit sends fault information to the SRC card and
reports an alarm to the OTNM2000.
4.13 Network Management Feature
u Configuration management: supports end-to-end service configuration of
CiTRANS R8000 + CiTRANSR800 networks. For service configuration, a
wizard-like interface which is convenient and easy to operate is provided.
u Performance management: supports management operations of 1500 billion
performance data entries everyday, covering performance report, collection,
threshold setting, query and statistics, shielding, data storage management,
tendency analysis, degradation analysis, end-to-end parameter management
and deletion.
u Alarm management: covers screen displays and operational functions of
current alarms and alarm history such as alarm report display, handling, filtering,
query, statistics, synchronization, type / level management, help, correlative
analysis, end-to-end location.
u Security management: covers user management, EMS security management
and access control.
4.14 Feature of Energy Saving and Emission
Reduction
The CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router supports the following
features of energy saving and emission reduction.
Product Design
u Improves the chip design to lower the power consumption.
u Uses the high-efficient secondary power module.
u Uses fully SFP-based 10G optical module.
u Enhances the card integration and reduces the single bit power consumption.
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u Supports disabling the card or port that has no service.
u The optical module can automatically disable the laser to maintain the low
power consumption when the fiber cut occurs or the service is not loaded.
Air Cooling Design
u The equipment provides two fan speed control modes: intelligent mode and
manual mode.
u Intelligent mode: The fan unit automatically adjusts the fan rotation speed
according to the change of the equipment temperature.
u Manual mode: The fan unit can work based on the rotational level set on the
OTNM2000, including full speed in manual mode, fast speed in manual mode,
slow speed in manual mode, and low speed in manual mode.
Packing Design
u Provides the required packing, and the size of the equipment and accessories
after being packed is no more than three times of that before packing.
u The product packing can be easily disassembled. All the packing materials can
be easily decomposed.
u The plugs and connectors can be found easily and operable with common and
simple tools.
u The stickers of the equipment such as the labels can be easily removed.
u The identifier information such as the silk screen is printed on the panel or
subrack.
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5 Service and Network
This chapter introduces services such as the Ethernet service and networking
capability of the CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router.
Ethernet Service
CES Service
Typical Network Application
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CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router Product Description
5.1 Ethernet Service
The CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router supports multiple types
of Ethernet services and provides a complete L2VPN solution.
A VPN is a virtual private network that the carrier provides to a customer on its
public network. Telecommunication carriers can provide carrier-class networks with
high performance and low costs for customers by establishing VPNs over its public
network. This is a good solution for carriers to gain profits. However, traditional
VPNs are incompetent in ensuring VPN scalability, security, management,
maintenance, QoS guarantee, and traffic engineering, and therefore cannot fully
meet customer requirements.
To solve these problems, the L2VPN based on MPLS has emerged as the times
require.The L2VPN not only eliminates the shortcomings of traditional IP network,
frame relay and ATM network, but also has distinguished itself for following aspects:
security, real time, broad band, convenience and low construction cost. Therefore, it
can fully meet the requirements for VPN services of subscribers.
The CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router provides three types of
Ethernet service.
u Ethernet Private Line, i.e., E-Line service.
u Ethernet Private LAN, i.e., E-LAN service.
u Ethernet Private Tree, i.e., E-Tree service.
u Ethernet Bridge Connection Service, i.e., bridge connection service between L2
and L3.
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5.1.1 E-Line Service
Service Introduction
The E-Line service is an important service type used to replace the original private
line service with Ethernet. The E-Line service is a P2P service. In the E-Line service,
packets of certain ports or certain packets of a port on the user side are forwarded
to ports on the network side, and packets received from the network side are
forwarded to ports on the user side and other ports on the network side. Therefore
the P2P forwarding of user data is achieved.
The E-Line service can be further classified into two types according to whether the
service of the UNI interface at network side is multiplexed.
u EP-Line service: No service is multiplexed.
u EVP-Line service: Services are multiplexed.
Service Features
The E-Line service has the following features:
u Supports point-to-point service application only.
u Different services are totally isolated but the bandwidth can be used separately
(EP-Line mode) or shared (EVP-Line mode).
Service Example
Figure 5-1 shows the example of the E-Line service provided by the CiTRANS
R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router.
Company X has two branches in cities A and C, company Y has two branches in
cities B and C, and company Z has two branches in cities A and B. The branches of
each of the three companies need to exchange data.
The CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router can provide the private
line service for three companies. Service data of different companies are
distinguished using different VPWS tags, so that the requirements for
communication and service data separation can be met at the same time.
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CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router Product Description
Figure 5-1 Example of E-Line Service
5.1.2 E-LAN Service
Service Introduction
The E-LAN service is a multipoint-to-multipoint service. In the E-LAN service,
packets of certain ports or certain packets of a port on the user side are forwarded
to multiple ports on the network side, and packets received from the network side
are forwarded to ports on the user side and other ports on the network side.
Therefore the multipoint-to-multipoint forwarding of user data is achieved.
The EP-LAN service can be further classified into two types according to whether
the service of the UNI interface at network side is multiplexed.
u EP-LAN service: No service is multiplexed.
u EVP-LAN service: Services are multiplexed.
Service Features
The E-LAN service has the following features:
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u Supports access of multiple services.
u Different services are totally isolated but the bandwidth can be used separately
(EP-LAN mode) or shared (EVP-LAN mode).
Service Example
Figure 5-2 shows an example of the E-LAN service provided by the CiTRANS
R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router.
The headquarters of Company K is in city C. Company K has the branch 1 deployed
in cities A and B, and branch 2 deployed in cities A, B, and C. Branches 1 and 2
have no business contact and need to be isolated from each other. The
headquarters needs to communicate with the branches and access the Internet.
The CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router is deployed to provide
the E-LAN service for company K. Service data of different branches are labeled
with different VPLS tags. In this way, data can be shared within a branch whereas
data of different branches are isolated. The Internet access data of the headquarters
are isolated from the internal service data through VPLS.
Figure 5-2 Example of E-LAN Service
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CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router Product Description
5.1.3 E-Tree Service
Service Introduction
The E-Tree service is a multipoint-to-point service. In the E-Tree service, packets of
certain ports or certain packets of a port on the user side are forwarded to a port on
the network side, or packets received from the network side are forwarded to ports
on the user side or to other ports on the network side. Therefore the multipoint-to-
point forwarding of user data is achieved.
The E-Tree service can also be used for ISP connection, or provide basic network
for multicast services such as IPTV. It can be further classified into two types
according to whether the service of the interface at network side is multiplexed.
u EP-Tree service: No service is multiplexed.
u EVP-Tree service: Services are multiplexed.
Service Features
The E-Tree service has the following features:
u Supports the communication mode from single point (ROOT node) to multiple
points (LEAF nodes).
u Transmits data in ROOT node to all LEAF nodes.
u Services of different LEAF nodes are totally isolated but the bandwidth can be
used separately (EP-Tree mode) or shared (EVP-Tree).
Service Example
Figure 5-3 shows an example of the E-Tree service provided by the CiTRANS
R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router.
In the example, a 3G network is constructed for a mobile carrier and services of key
clients need to be aggregated and transmitted to the 3G core network. Multiple
services between key clients, base stations and the RNCs are aggregated to the 3G
core network through the E-Tree service provided by the CiTRANS R8000 Series
Multi-Service High-End Router in a hybrid network.
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Figure 5-3 Example of E-Tree Service
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CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router Product Description
5.1.4 Service of Bridge Connection Between L2 and L3
Service Introduction
The L2 / L3 bridge means that the equipment terminates the L2 VC, divides the VCs
according to the IP address network segments, implements convergence of VCs in
the same network segments, and then performs routing and forwarding via the static
L3VPN.
Service Features
For the scheme of carrying L2VPN+L3VPN, the PW gateway convergence can be
classified into two modes: N:1 and 1:1.
u N:1 mode: one L3VE gateway corresponds to multiple base stations. When a
base station belonging to the same network segment is added, users only need
to add the corresponding L2VE.VLAN interface for creating VC.
u 1:1 mode: one L3VE gateway corresponds to one base station. When a base
station is added, users need to add the corresponding L2VE and L3VE
interfaces.
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Service Example
As shown in Figure 5-4, the CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router
can serve as a convergence device. The L2VPN service is transmitted on the
access ring and terminated at the convergence device. The convergence device
serves as a bridge station between L2VPN and L3VPN, and transmits L3VPN on
convergence and core devices, so as to implement the IP RAN service. The
interactive traffic between access devices on the access ring under the same pair of
convergence devices is implemented by convergence devices via the 1:1 or N:1 PW
gateway convergence mode.
Figure 5-4 Network Diagram of Service of Bridge Connection between L2 and L3
5.2 CES Service
The CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router implements CES
services using the PWE3 technology.
CES services are mainly applied in wireless services and enterprise private line
services. For the 2G / 3G stations or enterprise private lines, the CiTRANS R8000
Series Multi-Service High-End Router accesses signals from E1 lines or
channelized STM-1 lines. The equipment slices TDM signals and encapsulates
them into packets, and then transmits the packets to the opposite end through the
MAN. Figure 5-5 shows the process.
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Figure 5-5 Example of CES Service
5.3 Typical Network Application
This section introduces the network applications of the CiTRANS R8000 Series
Multi-Service High-End Router in different types of services.
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5.3.1 Network Application of Multi-service IP MAN
Figure 5-6 Network Diagram of Multi-service IP MAN
As shown in Figure 5-6, the IP MAN is divided into three layers: Metro core layer,
service control layer, and access layer.
The CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router is mainly used in the
core or convergence location in the IP MAN.
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CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router Product Description
The CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router uses the IP/MPLS
technology on the entire network, which enables one physical plane to implement
functions of multiple logical service bearer planes through the MPLS VPN
technology. To guarantee network security and reliability, lots of reliability
technologies are used at the Metro core layer, including equipment high reliability,
network high reliability, and cross-domain high reliability. In addition, large-capacity
and high-density ports and high forwarding performance are provided, which ensure
that multiple services are transmitted in a secure and reliable way and meets
functional requirements of the Metro core layer.
5.3.2 Network Application of Mobile Bearer Network
Figure 5-7 Network Diagram of Mobile Bearer Network
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As shown in Figure 5-7, the CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router
can serve as the equipment at distribute layer or core layer. The typical network of
mobile bearer uses a hierarchical network model including access layer, distribution
layer and core layer.
u Access layer: The access layer equipment is generally connected with a pair of
distribution layer equipment in uplink direction, and forms an access ring with
the distribution layer equipment, so as to access the base station service to the
distribution layer equipment.
u Distribution layer: The distribution layer device is used for aggregating the
traffic of the access layer device. Generally a pair of distribution layer devices
are connected with a pair of core devices in uplink direction so as to aggregate
and forward the access layer service and to access the nearby service.
u Core layer: The core layer equipment is used for aggregating the traffic of the
distribution layer equipment and transmitting the aggregated traffic to SGW /
MME / BSC.
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5.3.3 Network Application of IP Bearer Network
Figure 5-8 Network Diagram of IP Bearer Network
A multi-service core bearer network based on NGN needs to be built for the current
NGN long distance network and 3G radio services. The new bearer network will
become the core bearer platform that supports next generation services such as
voice, data, and video services at the same time. Specifically, the new network will
bear NGN, video conferencing, video call, streaming media, enterprise
interconnection, and 3G services and play a key role in integrating networks and
realizing network transformation.
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5.3.4 Network Application of IPv6 Backbone Network
Figure 5-9 Network Diagram of IPv6 Backbone Network
The CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router supports smooth
transition of IPv4 network to IPv6 network and provides users with a variety of
solutions. Specific solutions are as follows:
u All the routers on the backbone network support the IPv4/IPv6 dual stack. In
this case, IPv4 services are forwarded over IPv4, whereas IPv6 services are
forwarded over IPv6. Both problems of interconnection between IPv6 islands
and interworking between IPv4 and IPv6 can be solved.
u The interconnection between IPv6 islands can be implemented through L3
tunnels by applying manually configured tunnels or 6to4 tunnels. The core
router needs to support only IPv4 forwarding and does not need to be
upgraded.
u The interconnection between IPv6 islands can be implemented through MPLS
L2 tunnels by applying MPLS L2VPN techniques such as VPLS and CCC. The
core router needs to support only MPLS forwarding. The interworking between
IPv6 and IPv4 networks can be implemented by gateways.
Version: C 99
6 Technical Specifications
The following introduces various technical specifications of the CiTRANS R8000
Series Multi-Service High-End Router.
System Technical Specifications
Specifications of the Optical Interface
Specifications of the Electrical Interface
Power Supply and Power Consumption
Dimensions and Weight
Clock Specification
Applicable Standards
Environment Specification
100 Version: C
6 Technical Specifications
6.1 System Technical Specifications
Table 6-1 lists all the system technical specifications of the CiTRANS R8000 Series
Multi-Service High-End Router.
Table 6-1 System Technical Specifications
Parameter
Item
CiTRANS R8000-3 CiTRANS R8000-5 CiTRANS R8000-10
178 mm × 443 mm × 642 267 mm × 443 mm × 642 622 mm × 443 mm ×
Dimensions (H × W × D)
mm mm 685 mm
Weight 10 kg 18 kg 62 kg
Switching capacity 1.3 T 2.2 T 6.6 T
Access capacity 300 G 500 G 2T
Quantity of service card slots 3 5 10
Switching slot 1+1 1+1 2+1
CF card 4 GB 4 GB 4 GB
SDRAM 4 GB 4 GB 4 GB
Flash 128 M 128 M 128 M
BootROM 512 K 512 K 512 K
Processor Dual-core 1.2 GHz Dual-core 1.2 GHz Dual-core 1.2 GHz
VRF instance quantity 4K 4K 4K
Quantity of IPv4 FIB table entries 1M 1M 1M
Quantity of IPv6 FIB table entries 128 K 128 K 256 K
Typical power consumption 900 W 1200 W 2500 W
DC voltage range -48V ± 20％ -48V ± 20％ -48V ± 20％
Maximum current 40 A 60 A 120 A
Guaranteed
range of 5℃ to +40℃
temperature
Operational
range of 0℃ to +45℃
Operating temperature
environment Guaranteed
range of 10% to 85% (+30℃)
humidity
Operational
range of 5% to 90% (+30℃)
humidity
Version: C 101
CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router Product Description
Table 6-1 System Technical Specifications (Continued)
Parameter
Item
CiTRANS R8000-3 CiTRANS R8000-5 CiTRANS R8000-10
Grounding
＜10 Ω
resistance
Ground
Ground bearing of the equipment room＞600 kg/m2.
bearing
Power supply Stable mains supply supplemented by storage batteries with a proper capacity.
Provide comprehensive rodent-proofing devices at location where rodents (such
Remarks as rats) travel; no corrosive and solvent gas, and no dust in the atmosphere; no
strong electromagnetic fields nearby.
Temperature -20℃ to 60℃
The equipment is covered with a plastic film, and its top, middle and bottom parts
Transport
are wrapped with shock proof packing foam. A wooden case is used for outside
environment Remarks
package. The equipment can be transported by trucks, trains, ships or planes.
Avoid severe collision, falls, rain damage and direct sunlight.
Avoid water seeper and leakage; keep the package intact; avoid direct sunlight;
Storage environment provide comprehensive rodent-proofing devices at location where rodents (such
as rats) travel.
6.2 Specifications of the Optical Interface
This section introduces the specifications of the 100GE, XGE, GE/FE, FE, E1 and
STM-1 optical interfaces.
6.2.1 Specifications of the 100GE Interface
Table 6-2 lists the specifications of the 100GE optical interface.
Table 6-2 Specifications of the 100GE Interface
Item 100GBASE-LR4 100GBASE-ER4
Transmission distance (km) 10 40
Multiplexed signal rate (Gbit/s) 103.125 103.125
Single-channel mean launched power
-4.3 to 4.5 -2.7 to 2.9
(dBm)
Mean total launched power (dBm) 10.5 8.9
102 Version: C
6 Technical Specifications
Table 6-2 Specifications of the 100GE Interface (Continued)
Item 100GBASE-LR4 100GBASE-ER4
Inter-channel transmitting power difference
5 3.6
(OMA) (dB)
Lane0 1294.53 to 1296.59 1294.53 to 1296.59
Tx wavelength Lane1 1299.02 to 1301.09 1299.02 to 1301.09
range (nm) Lane2 1303.54 to 1305.63 1303.54 to 1305.63
Lane3 1308.09 to 1310.19 1308.09 to 1310.19
Single-channel mean receiving power
4.5 4.5
(OMA) (dBm)
Maximum inter-channel receiving power
5.5 4.5
difference (dB)
Single-channel receiving sensitivity (OMA)
-8.6 -21.4
(dBm)
Lane0 1294.53 to 1296.59 1294.53 to 1296.59
Receiving
Lane1 1299.02 to 1301.09 1299.02 to 1301.09
wavelength range
Lane2 1303.54 to 1305.63 1303.54 to 1305.63
(nm)
Lane3 1308.09 to 1310.19 1308.09 to 1310.19
Minimum extinction ratio (dB) 4 8
Single-channel transmit/receive optical
power reporting accuracy -2 to 2 -2 to 2
(dB)
6.2.2 Specifications of the XGE Interface
Table 6-3 lists the specifications of the XGE interface.
Table 6-3 Specifications of the XGE Interface
Item Specification
Optical interface type 10GBASE (10km) 10GBASE (40km) 10GBASE (80km)
Transmission distance (km) 10 40 80
Transmitting optical power
-6 to -1 -1 to 2 0 to 4
(dBm)
Central wavelength (nm) 1290 to 1330 1530 to 1565 1530 to 1565
Overload optical power
-1 -1 -7
(dBm)
Version: C 103
CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router Product Description
Table 6-3 Specifications of the XGE Interface (Continued)
Item Specification
Receiving sensitivity (dBm) -14 -17 -24
Extinction ratio (dB) 6 8.2 9
6.2.3 Specifications of the GE / FE Interface
Table 6-4 lists the specifications of the GE / FE interface.
Table 6-4 Specifications of the GE / FE Interface
Item Specification
Optical 1000BASE- 1000BASE- 1000BASE- 1000BASE- 1000BASE-
interface type SX LX EX ZX1 ZX2
Transmission
0.55 10 40 80 100
distance (km)
Source type MLM MLM SLM SLM SLM
Mean
launched -9.5 to -4 -8 to -3 -5 to 0 -2 to 3 0 to 5
power (dBm)
Central
wavelength 770 to 860 1270 to 1355 1270 to 1350 1500 to 1580 1500 to 1580
(nm)
Overload
optical power 0 -3 -3 -3 -9
(dBm)
Receiving
sensitivity -17 -20 -23 -23 -31
(dBm)
Extinction
>9 9 to 15 9 to 15 9 to 15 9 to 15
ratio (dB)
6.2.4 Specifications of the FE Interface
Table 6-5 lists the specifications of the FE optical interface.
104 Version: C
6 Technical Specifications
Table 6-5 Specifications of the FE Optical Interface
Parameter Description
100BASE-FX
Optical Interface Type 100BASE-FX (15 km) 100BASE-FX (80km)
(2km)
Source type MLM SLM SLM
Transmitting optical
-20 to -14 -20 to -14 -4 to 0
power (dBm)
Central wavelength
1270 to 1380 1270 to 1340 1290 to 1330
(nm)
Overload optical power
-14 -14 -15
(dBm)
Receiving sensitivity
-31 -31 -37
(dBm)
Extinction ratio (dB) 10 10 10
6.2.5 Specifications of the E1 Interface
Table 6-6 lists the E1 interface specifications.
Table 6-6 Specifications of the E1 Interface
Item Specification
Nominal bit rate (kbit/s) 2048
Bit rate accuracy ±50 ppm (±102.4 bit/s)
Code HDB3
All marks of a valid signal must conform with the
Pulse shape (nominal rectangle)
mask in ITU-T Rec. G.703 irrespective of the sign.
Pair(s) in each direction One coaxial pair One symmetrical pair
Test load impedance (Ω) 75 120
Nominal peak voltage of a mark (pulse)
2.37 3
(V)
Peak voltage of a space (no pulse) (V) 0±0.237 0±0.3
Nominal pulse width (ns) 244
Ratio of the amplitudes of positive and
negative pulses at the center of the 0.95 to 1.05
pulse interval
Version: C 105
CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router Product Description
Table 6-6 Specifications of the E1 Interface (Continued)
Item Specification
Ratio of the widths of positive and
negative pulses at the nominal half 0.95 to 1.05
amplitude
Jitter at input and output ports ITU-T Rec. G.823 compliant
Attenuation of the input port 0 to 6 dB (1024 kHz)
6.2.6 Specifications of the STM-1 Interface
Table 6-7 lists the specifications of the STM-1 interface.
Table 6-7 Specifications of the STM-1 Interface
Item Description
Nominal bit rate (kbit/s) 155520
Application code S-1.1 S-1.2 L-1.1 L-1.2 L-1.3
1534 to
Operating wavelength 1265 to 1430 to 1430 to 1265 to 1480 to 1566 / 1480 to
range (nm) 1360 1576 1580 1360 1580 1523 to 1580
1577
Target distance (km) 15 15 15 40 80 80 80
Maximum RMS
7.7 2.5 - 3 - 3 / 2.5 -
spectrum width (s: nm)
Maximum -20dB
- - 1 - 1 - 1
spectrum width (nm)
Minimum side mode
- - 30 - 30 - 30
suppression ratio (dB)
Maximum mean
-8 -8 -8 0 0 0 0
launched power (dBm)
Minimum mean
-14 -14 -14 -4 -4 -4 -4
launched power (dBm)
Minimum extinction
8.5 8.5 8.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5
ratio (dB)
Minimum sensitivity
-31 -31 -31 -37 -37 -37 -37
(dBm)Note 1
Minimum overload point
-8 -8 -8 -10 -10 -10 -10
(dBm)
106 Version: C
6 Technical Specifications
Table 6-7 Specifications of the STM-1 Interface (Continued)
Item Description
Maximum optical path
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
penalty (dB)
Note 1: Minimum sensitivity refers to the sensitivity of the receiver when its service life ends. Therefore, the sensitivity
of the receiver must be 3 dB higher than the minimum sensitivity.
6.3 Specifications of the Electrical Interface
The following introduces the electrical interface specifications of the cards of the
CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router.
6.3.1 RJ-45 Interface
The RJ-45 interface has the yellow and green status indicator LEDs.
u ON (yellow): the port link is normal.
u Blinking (green): the port is receiving / transmitting data.
The SRCA / SRCB / SRCC card of the CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-
End Router has the RJ-45.
The description for the RJ-45 interface on the SRCA / SRCB / SRCC card panel is
shown in Table 6-8.
Table 6-8 Descriptions for the RJ-45 Interface on the SRCA / SRCB / SRCC Card Panel
Terminal
Terminal Interface Function Description
Number
3 PPS signal negative
4
Signal ground
5
TOD TOD time interface
6 PPS signal positive
7 TOD signal negative
8 TOD signal positive
CTR1 / Inputs external alarm and 1, 3, 5, 7 Signal ground
CTR2 controls external output 2, 4, 6, 8 External signal input or output
Version: C 107
CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router Product Description
Table 6-8 Descriptions for the RJ-45 Interface on the SRCA / SRCB / SRCC Card Panel
(Continued)
Terminal
Terminal Interface Function Description
Number
1 Tx request
2 Data terminal completed
3 Tx data
Interface for connecting
4 Data carrier detection
AUX with Modem, used for
5 Signal ground
remote management
6 Rx data
7 Data setting completed
8 Tx confirming
1 Tx confirming
2 Data setting completed
Interface for performing 3 Tx data
CONSOLE onsite configuration for 4, 5 Commissioning ground
system 6 Rx data
7 Data terminal completed
8 Tx request
MGMT: interface for 1 Signal transmitting positive
connecting the working 2 Signal transmitting negative
MGMT, station of system network
3 Signal receiving positive
ETH1, management
ETH2 ETH1 / ETH2: interface
for inner commissioning 6 Signal receiving negative
of router
Note 1: The RJ-45 interface has the green and yellow status indicator LEDs: Solid yellow or yellow blinking means
the port Link is normal and transmitting the data respectively; solid green or green blinking means the port
Link is normal and receiving the data respectively.
Note 2: Terminals not included in the table are temporarily not in use.
6.3.2 D-type Interface
The D-type data interface connector is the interface standard for connecting the
electronic equipment (such as the computer and the peripheral equipment). The D-
type interfaces are named for their characteristic D-shaped metal shield.
108 Version: C
6 Technical Specifications
The description for the D-type interface on the SRCA / SRCB / SRCC card panel is
shown in Table 6-9.
Table 6-9 Descriptions for the D-type Interfaces on the SRCA / SRCB / SRCC Card Panel
Terminal
Terminal Interface Function Description
Number
External clock input signal
2
positive
External clock output
External clock 3
signal positive
input and
CLK External clock input signal
output 7
negative
interface
External clock output
8
signal negative
5 Signal ground
6.3.3 USB Interface
The USB interface on the SRCA / SRCB / SRCC card supports the USB protocol
2.0 and is used for data backup or software upgrading.
6.3.4 Specifications of the E1 Interface
Table 6-10 lists the E1 interface specifications.
Table 6-10 Specifications of the E1 Interface
Item Specification
Nominal bit rate (kbit/s) 2048
Bit rate accuracy ±50 ppm (±102.4 bit/s)
Code HDB3
All marks of a valid signal must conform with the
Pulse shape (nominal rectangle)
mask in ITU-T Rec. G.703 irrespective of the sign.
Pair(s) in each direction One coaxial pair One symmetrical pair
Test load impedance (Ω) 75 120
Nominal peak voltage of a mark (pulse)
2.37 3
(V)
Peak voltage of a space (no pulse) (V) 0±0.237 0±0.3
Version: C 109
CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router Product Description
Table 6-10 Specifications of the E1 Interface (Continued)
Item Specification
Nominal pulse width (ns) 244
Ratio of the amplitudes of positive and
negative pulses at the center of the 0.95 to 1.05
pulse interval
Ratio of the widths of positive and
negative pulses at the nominal half 0.95 to 1.05
amplitude
Jitter at input and output ports ITU-T Rec. G.823 compliant
Attenuation of the input port 0 to 6 dB (1024 kHz)
6.4 Power Supply and Power Consumption
Table 6-11 lists the power consumption of all cards of the CiTRANS R8000 Series
Multi-Service High-End Router.
Table 6-11 Power Consumption of Cards
Item Power Consumption (W)
R8000-10 < 20
PWR R8000-5 < 15
R8000-3 < 6.5
FAN 100
SRCA 170
SRCB 170
SRCC 170
SPUA 150
SPUB 150
SPUD 150
SPUE 150
SNUA 120
SSUA13 185
SSUA2 285
SSUA1 141
SSUA20 400
SSUA21 175
MTCA20 35
110 Version: C
6 Technical Specifications
Table 6-11 Power Consumption of Cards (Continued)
Item Power Consumption (W)
XTCA2 12
XTCA4 15
XTCA5 10
XTCB2 15
XTCB5 30
TCA12 17
TCA13 27
TCA17 27
CE1A32 8
CS1A8 19
ESCA16 21
6.5 Dimensions and Weight
Table 6-12 lists the dimensions and weight of all cards of the CiTRANS R8000
Series Multi-Service High-End Router.
Table 6-12 Dimensions and Weight of Cards
Dimensions (H × W × D)
Item Weight (kg)
(mm)
PWR 195 × 58 × 82 1
FAN 221.2 × 87 × 136.2 1.6
SRCA 399 × 27.5 × 520 5
SRCB 399 × 27.5 × 520 5
SRCC 399 × 27.5 × 520 5
SPUA 399 × 35.5 × 520 4.5
SPUB 399 × 35.5 × 520 4.5
SPUD 399 × 35.5 × 520 4.5
SPUE 399 × 35.5 × 520 4.5
SNUA 399 × 27.5 × 520 3.2
SSUA13 399 × 35.5 × 520 5.9
SSUA2 399 × 35.5 × 520 6.5
SSUA1 399 × 35.5 × 520 6
SSUA20 399 × 35.5 × 520 5.7
SSUA21 399 × 35.5 × 520 5.9
MTCA20 175 × 35.5 × 182 2.5
Version: C 111
CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router Product Description
Table 6-12 Dimensions and Weight of Cards (Continued)
Dimensions (H × W × D)
Item Weight (kg)
(mm)
XTCA2 175 × 35.5 × 182 0.5
XTCA4 175 × 35.5 × 182 0.5
XTCA5 175 × 35.5 × 182 0.75
XTCB2 175 × 35.5 × 182 0.5
XTCB5 175 × 35.5 × 182 1.1
TCA12 175 × 35.5 × 182 0.5
TCA13 175 × 35.5 × 182 0.5
TCA17 175 × 35.5 × 182 0.5
CE1A32 175 × 35.5 × 182 0.75
CS1A8 175 × 35.5 × 182 0.7
ESCA16 175 × 35.5 × 182 0.5
6.6 Clock Specification
Specifications of Clock Interfaces
The CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router provides interfaces for
external clock input and output.Table 6-13 lists the specifications of the clock
interfaces.
Table 6-13 Specifications of Clock Interfaces
Clock Type Description
Two 75 Ω 2048 kbit/s or 2048 kHz inputs
External clock synchronization source
Two 120 Ω 2048 kbit/s or 2048 kHz inputs
Two 75 Ω 2048 kbit/s or 2048 kHz outputs
Synchronous output clock
Two 120 Ω 2048 kbit/s or 2048 kHz outputs
Two TOD time inputs
External time synchronization source
Two 1PPS time information inputs
Two TOD time outputs
Synchronous output time
Two 1PPS time information outputs
Timing and Synchronization Performance
u Frequency accuracy
112 Version: C
6 Technical Specifications
Under free-running conditions, the output frequency accuracy is greater than
±4.6×10-6.
u Pull-in and pull-out ranges
Both the minimum pull-in and pull-out ranges are ±4.6×10-6.
u Wander in the locked mode
Table 6-14 and Table 6-15 list the wander specifications of the clock in locked
mode.
Table 6-14 Wander Generation (MTIE) with Constant Temperature
MTIE Limit Observation Interval (t:s)
40 ns 0.1 ＜ t ≤ 1
0.1
40t ns 1 ＜ t ≤ 100
0.2
25.25t ns 100 ＜ t ≤ 1000
Table 6-15 Wander Generation (TDEV) with Constant Temperature
TDEV Limit Observation Interval (t:s)
3.2 ns 0.1 ＜ t ≤ 25
0.64t0.5 ns 25 ＜ t ≤ 100
6.4 ns 100 ＜ t ≤ 1000
6.7 Applicable Standards
This section introduces the standards that the CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service
High-End Router complies with.
6.7.1 EMC Standard
Table 6-16 lists the applicable EMC standards that the CiTRANS R8000 Series
Multi-Service High-End Router complies with.
Version: C 113
CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router Product Description
Table 6-16 Applicable EMC Standards
Standard Number Title
Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
ETSI EN 300 386 Telecommunication network equipment; Electromagnetic Compatibility
(EMC) requirements
Information technology equipment - Radio disturbance characteristics -
EN 55022
Limits and methods of measurement
Information technology equipment - Immunity characteristics - Limits and
EN 55024
methods of measurement
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-2: Electrostatic discharge
EN 61000-4-2
immunity test
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-3: Testing and
EN 61000-4-3 measurement techniques-Radiated, radio-frequency, electromagnetic
field immunity test
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-4: Testing and
EN 61000-4-4
measurement techniques-Electrical fast transient/burst immunity test
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part4-5: Testing and
EN 61000-4-5
measurement techniques-Surge immunity test
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-6: Testing and
EN 61000-4-6 measurement techniques-Immunity to conducted disturbances, induced
by radio-frequency fields
Information technology equipment - Radio Disturbance characteristics -
CISPR 22
Limits and methods of measurement
Information technology equipment - Immunity characteristics - Limits and
CISPR 24
methods of measurement
Resistibility of telecommunication equipment installed in a
ITU-T K.20
telecommunications centre to overvoltages and overcurrents
Resistibility of Telecommunication Equipment installed in Customer
ITU-T K.21
Premises to Overvoltages and Overcurrents
ITU-T K.43 Immunity requirements for telecommunication equipment
Resistibility of telecommunication equipment to overvoltages and
ITU-T K.44
overcurrents
6.7.2 Safety Standard
Table 6-17 shows the safety standards that the CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-
Service High-End Routercomplies with.
114 Version: C
6 Technical Specifications
Table 6-17 Applicable Safety Standards
Standard Number Title
Safety of laser products - Part 1 : Equipment classification and
EN 60825-1
requirements
EN 60825-2 Safety of laser products - Part 2 : Safety of optical fibre communication
Information technology equipment - Safety - Part 1:General
EN 60950-1
Requirements
Safety of laser products - Part 1 : Equipment classification and
IEC 60825-1
requirements
IEC 60825-2 Safety of laser products - Part 2 : Safety of optical fibre communication
Information Technology Equipment - Safety - Part 1:General
IEC 60950-1
Requirements
Information Technology Equipment - Safety - Part 1:General
UL 60950-1
Requirements
6.8 Environment Specification
The following introduces the environment specifications of the CiTRANS R8000
Series Multi-Service High-End Router.
6.8.1 Storage Environment
u Prevent water leakage or seepage into the storage place.
u Keep the package intact.
u Avoid direct sunlight.
u Provide comprehensive rodent-proofing devices at location where rodents
(such as rats) travel.
6.8.2 Operating Environment
u Ground bearing of the equipment room: ＞600kg/m2.
u No corrosive and solvent gas, and no dust in the atmosphere; no strong
electromagnetic field nearby.
Version: C 115
CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router Product Description
u Power supply: stable mains supply supplemented by storage batteries with a
proper capacity.
u Grounding resistance: < 10 Ω.
u Temperature and relative humidity requirements:
Guaranteed temperature range: 5℃ to +40℃.
Operational temperature range: 0℃ to +45℃.
Guaranteed relative humidity range: 10% to 85% (+30℃).
Operational relative humidity range: 5% to 90% (+30℃).
u Provide comprehensive rodent-proofing devices at location where rodents
(such as rats) travel.
6.8.3 Transport Environment
u The equipment is covered with a plastic film, and its top, middle and bottom
parts are wrapped with shock proof packing foam. A wooden case is used for
outside package.
u The equipment can be transported by truck, train, ship or plane.
u Temperature range during transportation is -20℃ to 60℃.
u Avoid severe collision, fall, rain, and direct sunlight.
116 Version: C
Appendix A Abbreviations
ACL Access Control List
APS Automatic Protection Switched
BGP Border Gateway Protocol
BC Boundary Clock
BMU Board Management Unit
BDR Backup Designated Router
CAC Call Admission Control
CLV Code Length Value
CSNP Complete SNP
DM Delay Measurement
DR Designated Router
DDOS Distributed Denial of Service
DWRR Deficit Weighted Round Robin
EBGP External BGP
EMC Electro Magnetic Compatibility
EMI Electromagnetic Interference
ECC Error Checking and Correction
FC Fiber Channel
FCS Frame Check Sequence
FE Fast Ethernet
FIB Forwarding Information Base
FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array
FRR Fast Reroute
FTP File Transfer Protocol
GE Gigabit Ethernet
GRE Generic Routing Encapsulation
GTSM Generalized TTL Security Mechanism
GUI Graphical User Interface
IBGP Internal BGP
IETF Internet Engineering Task Force
IGP Interior Gateway Protocols
IP Internet Protocol
IPTV Internet Protocol Television
Version: C 117
CiTRANS R8000 Series Multi-Service High-End Router Product Description
IPv4 Internet Protocol Version 4
IPv6 Internet Protocol Version 6
IS-IS Intermediate System to Intermediate System Routing Protocol
ISP Internet Service Provider
L2VPN Layer 2 Virtual Private Networks
L3VPN Layer 3 Virtual Private Networks
LAG Link Aggregation Group
LMM Loss Measurement Message
LDP Label Distribution Protocol
LSP Label Switched Path
MD5 Message Digest 5
ME Maintenance Entity
MEP Maintenance Entity Group End Points
MPLS Multi-Protocol Label Switching
MSTP Multi-Service Transfer Platform
MTU Maximum Transmission Unit
NTP Network Time Protocol
OAM Operation,Administration and Maintenance
OC Ordinary Clock
OSPF Open Shortest Path First
PSNP Partial SNP
PE Provider Edge
PM Performance Monitoring
PQ Priority Queue
PTP Precision Time Protocol
PW Pseudo Wire
PWE3 Pseudo Wire Emulation Edge-to-Edge
QinQ 802.1Q In 802.1Q / Double VLAN
QoS Quality of Service
RAN Radio Access Network
RSVP Resource Reservation Protocol
RTC Real-Time Clock
SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
SFP Small Form-Factor Pluggable
SNP Sequence Number Packet
TE Traffic Engineering
URPF Unicast Reverse Path Forwarding
118 Version: C
Appendix A Abbreviations
VLAN Virtual Local Area Network
VPN Virtual Private Network
VRRP Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol
WFQ Weighted Fair Queuing
WRED Weighted Random Early Detection
Version: C 119
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