i

dimensial

popical Quantity: Thosequantities which can be measured a also explain the

P. R
laws
of physics are known as

quantities
physical

6
Base Quantihis Dreived supplementary
ar

fundamental quantity quantity

Quantity
in
⑰ funsutal antities deceived from these
other quantities
Any independento f
each other.
Fundamental a are

SI unit Symbol
M
① Length metre

② Mass kilogram kg
I
③ Time second

K
⑦ Tempt kehin

⑦ elecnicopal ampere
A

cd
⑥ luminous intensity candela

⑦ Amount of substance mok mol

help u fundamental cuantity.

Derived
-
quantity which
deceived with the

Force velocity, arch, etc

.
Dineusia', be represent as powerof
-

Any physical quantity can

known Dimensional formule.

find arental physical quantity thatformula is

Dimensional formula:
1) length [L]
=
Area: (272
volume =
[L]]

distanceisset
2)speed

③ ACC4 spogravity/R. Density

[M8 %
=

④ momentum =

mr= [M1T] pressure/stress modulusal

⑤ elasticity (Rigidity
force-
1=[M(+/ P =

=+= [mc+
⑥
Work/neapy:
2 -
2
mut
stain
(M3 0)
+

⑦ Power:
DE=[MEy'3/
-

①
charge.
I

Angular paramete
angle:A-ec [a e =

a [AT]
=

he dimensions less Voltage: mix"

he Radian

ccel
T

R
angvel:18(T)
=

(ad
sil
 Construts gaan pv 11T=

F:
Gync 7
=

r2

[n 1
23 2]
-

4
+

plank'scant ().
E n0
=

+ -:h

(nec 1) h -
=

his add
same quantity
Dimensional Analysis: same quantify me

substracthogp.
hogi is
-

:AB -
Principle of Homogennity:
Dimensio

Rule!2 Angles dimensionless

--

Angonmetric, logarithms, exponentialone directional

less.

X ASin (KM) [M40 +) 1

=

[K*]
=

k
I
K =

City metre
o du ansing)
=
rale one
find the
n 1
=

1x []
2

ca,e
=

**
=

=
a [v]
 FNAB
⑰
a dinersare formula [X], [B]

E [Fv]
(
=

2ML+
2
2+
1

1 BEENS
a(p
=

b)
g)(X 1
- up + - +

=
#
- =

n (m(( 3]
+

opencimanual
S ut +
=

[s [2121 22 ) ( )
=
a+
+
2

+
tolerate
been
has

2) [y [L] =
+
mensional
conect
④

② To relation
Derivethe
Blu various quantities:
simple pendulum depends
an

#xTime period of
Revive the Expression;
length a acch of gravity.

Thlgt
Mi yh[2]"(2+2yb
-

1 2b

0
-
=

8
=

fornomondament
n in
+

·pets light, ''

<
(ES "(v)b(G)
2e
m G =

> <
m k(E)
=
9
(v) (G) ri+= 12
-
 [(+ *(M (3-2)
+

3]
"
(m) k
=

[ M(
3
+

1 a
=
-
c - a1
=

0 2a b + 3c b+ 0
0 2x1
=
+
=
+

a-bi
b

2
- 2 =

-
C
#
-
v2

tension depends Energy, velocity, time

surface
on
a
c
T(EGvbt
(2+1)6[ 3)
2)EK(M(2 2)"
+

[m +
-

a b =
- 2
I =
-

2a
=
+
b
2x1*/z
o
-
2
=
-
C
+

-
2
= -

2a
-
b c
+

- c

↑
v-
--
-
2

⑰it:for
measuring
a physical Quantity we compare a

standard of same quantity.That

that
quantity with the
physical
is known as "unit" or for measuring a

standard
unit quantity we make some

T
-
n.u standard thatstandard is
⑥
↓ known as "unit"
numerical
value

⑦:
4kg 4000gn
=

thou numerical value

if we take small unitsystem
⑥ 1

#
I crease. Coust
a =

a nu =
⑮ ten to another unitsystem:
unit
esias one

Let'a value in
'quantity have (n) numerical

After 'A' where

Mr, L, T, are standard
standard.
M2 is
system 'B' where M2, 4, There

Q x,41 1242
=
=

n([M,92,"T," nz
=

[Mz" (26 2]
+

ASSET recgs
⑰
conversion
of a newborn in
dyne
t

(mKS orSI)
1[M,2,T, y 12[Mz4[-]
=

"(z(ET)
m
=

1)) () (s))
=
1

[103 +p2 1) +
=
22

#
105

ofersreser
* Similar convert
-

⑰ unit
-
system
(A)
M 20
kg
=

M =
10kg 10M
=

c
i 2m
=

T 2sec
=

4 5se
=

Al 100 unit
unitsystem
is
If Energy in
'B' is-
·

then unit system in

 ·;
m,u1 1242
=

100
( 10kg (ssecs"] 22
=
2019 2]
u(0
( m(5)
+
=
=

*
5
=

isdouble, length is
a. If certain system mass

triple remains n.value?

then
a time unchange
of Inewton forces
=
SoM 1 1 * M(X y (n)(2m)(3X) -

o
limit
f
Dimension
t
have same dimensional formula.
DifferentQuantities
①
Work, Energy, tongue,
could quantity.
distinguish the
By dimensional formula,
we

② Tecigometery, exponential, logarithm fun all

dimensionless
when
the Relation
Blu quantity they are

③ It derive
addittal
multiply.
in
Don'twork when
quantities are air

s ut 1a +2
+

④ It work when there are three variable a three quatic

It doesn't help then No of variable No. of Equatial
Error:It
-
is difference Blu True value a measured value.

True value; is considered the value

. .
mean value as

* is always Approximated.
uement
bifurcated to with
two part
Qualitatively we

Random error
alte error
·
system
is known -> cause not
is known
· cause

-> bidirectional
dir
isfixed (+ -(
->

or

cause cause
- >

Instrumental
-

surrounding
error
-> -
flycatuttal is

- persona enra conditi

minimised
->
technique ever
* It only by
taking multiple Reading.

erroreven
solute
⑰
individual are
Blu Reading a means

1-...7
xq 1a)
=
-
am/
an
par 192
= -

aml

↓i an= 1am-aml

earAbsoeraat....t
-
in
 to
Relative
-
error; Ratio of mean absolute error

a mean

= almean
a mean

ofage error:

cantpomeantorein g. 12, 2.13, 2.18

digitare
contain
not

most leastcertain
digit
~
certain
c.I 3
digit

Rulesonever digit are certain 1221 4

=

⑧ is sandwich Blu 100 = 4

If zeros

are
non-220 then zeros 1022:4

certain.
have the end
③ If a No zero

itis not
in

significant
1920 3
- -
=

then

If digithave decimal
④ the

1020.0 5
lending)
=

then all zero

are
-

significant
less than 1.
⑤ If no is 0.001230 4.
-

trailing not - V
then zero are
*

significant
 ⑥ If we
changed the unit
they
4.00m = 3

5remains unchanged. 400cm 3

=

4.
24000
mm.
=

To remove this
a.
ambiguity
we used.

10

0.14m = 2
400
an
x
= 3
N
400
X
3
mn =
3 0.14x103mm
-
2
=

NO.

5. F
0.1 /102m =
2

⑦
Mathematical Relation have
D R
infinite
=

sof
I
I as
S.F

A nx
=

side
↳ s f (00).
⑰Rounding off:
-
① no.5 they inc
747.568=747.57
by 1

② 7415647741.56 n015They no

iyc-

③ 791.565 => 74156 even 3rd

ofeven
no
change
④ 741.5535 741.54 If odd srl d
&
as odd =>

inc. by 'c'.

operateasthedecimal.
Americ
① -

1.21 2
take min digit after
1.2 I
decimal.
1.214 3
- Round off up to one dist
2471.6276
# alter decimal
 multiplication
significantfigure '2'
② as division
least
S.F
Round off the Answer

=.
. -> 2

. . - 1 two
up to S.F. =1S

⑰ ropagationof error:

① addition a substruction:
il
B
z A
-

z A B
=

=
+

21D2 AIDA
-

(BIXB)
AIDA BIAB
=
+

2 Az
=

7
B2
=
AB
=
- BA
=
=9B
( I
(B)
D2 =
BA AB
I
=

IDA = AB
=

#=
IAz
AB IDA =

I(DA 1B)
+

IDz =

(DA.AB)
=

ID2 I

Error: ->
Cc
6.2
6.2 6.0 6.0

-Fu
M ⑨

A 60/
=
1001 - + 7.4 7.4
10
->

=B-7e T10
13. C
↑
·7.
A B
+

7.4
max min
-

3 A BaxZ
+

135 371 Fa93 13.0 31 5T9

possible if voted
Both I
are
still
13.3 = 0.3=

in which both are lie

② Error multiplicatial
in

z A.B
=

27Az (A
= 1A).
I
(B=XB)
Ez AB)
zf (1 zz)
A(IRA)B(1 B)
=

I 17 A2

z I (1
=

1A A*]
IBBT i

IAA AB 12.Relative
error
I 12 =

③ Error in Divisial
2
=
A IA T

(B)
27A2 = -

BAD

E *F)
2=D2 ..

=( (B) 7

f(18):-(( **)(**5

/1AzDEGREE A e
=

+(9-+1B) =
=
-quantity
raised to
in power:
a some

yn
2
=

#binomial
Apparent
utpu-pasun-e
11xz (1 aajM((49)
=
+

NICEnza))lFor
1 + 12
z

IP 1/mp InA
)
=

z =

bb power
intowinthe
↓

=12 1(31a
=

47b
+ yb
+

)
in if
find the percentage
⑦ ever

·lage
w
in =2%
x10]
z

= page v
in
E1.
=

3%
SM;
olage city
A 100
1(t fow)
= 2
1w+100 12 + 10 3B
+ =
+
+
x

·(age
[54
2 2x4
3x37 (5 1) +

53%)
=
+
= +
=

1z
 mostIn
⑰ A*A ->

The time
period of a
simple pendular is

is look a
T=2
It, the time
period 1s 0.58 if length of pendular
Least countof scale 1s=0.0lim a 90 oscellation complete

'g=?
of time period. Jenner
in
wristwatch
with

2 0.55
son: u+2z
=

+
=
1-
900s= =9040.5

1
45sec.
yn
=

g
=

z 4509 I error:
Ag
A 21 of
=
+

100 05sec esse

5
+

i5405
=

100
15 =0
+

2x057a
+

001 +
=

0.01
⑮-
1020
-=
20
= +

020
=

↑
·goage =

20%"
⑪ find the error in not of a caloid whose are
discussion

2, 22, ye if evere m
il is 1%
SoM! v
- abc
=

v (x)(2u)(un) 2x]
= =

v 8x]

state
=

2 ofit ever
as set

1V 3(84 + 10)
v
·page
=
in
100x
=

A=
 ar-

v = 813

Enuzz-- 3%
10x1 S454 + 10
=
=

⑪ some
special fun
1t 1 I

1
i E2 -dry p
+ =

1
=
+

Reg
d(Re) 1dReq
R AR
=

-Rez
-
=

Reg
-

dRes
aR dR
=

Rig find
& R1 102 1022
= Ri 15210.42
=

they?
⑭ dRes
ahh a
+
=

ane=Regn-da ptsre1
=

solve
yourself
de =
-Last Count:The taken through custome
win
reading a
measuring
Main scale =Imm.

Least Counterror
Imm
value.
measured value to the
Accuracy,how
-
close the

preitialindicate thatresolution of measuring instrument

Ex g 9.81m/s
=

most accurate value

91 9.80
=
->

22 =
9.79) -most precise Reading
9 =9.7 - low
precision a low accuracy.