Scribd
Upload
63 views22 pages

Mass Extinction

The document summarizes mass extinction events. It defines extinction and discusses the main causes as habitat loss, exploitation, loss of biodiversity, and poaching. It then provides examples of 6 animals that are now extinct - woolly mammoth, Eurasian auroch, dodo bird, Steller's sea cow, great auk, and passenger pigeon. It outlines the 5 major extinction events in Earth's history and their impact. Finally, it discusses strategies to prevent extinction such as habitat conservation and combatting illegal wildlife trade.

Uploaded by

Theon Santiago
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
63 views22 pages

Mass Extinction

The document summarizes mass extinction events. It defines extinction and discusses the main causes as habitat loss, exploitation, loss of biodiversity, and poaching. It then provides examples of 6 animals that are now extinct - woolly mammoth, Eurasian auroch, dodo bird, Steller's sea cow, great auk, and passenger pigeon. It outlines the 5 major extinction events in Earth's history and their impact. Finally, it discusses strategies to prevent extinction such as habitat conservation and combatting illegal wildlife trade.

Uploaded by

Theon Santiago
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 22

Mass Extinction

BY: Theon Gavrie G. Santiago


Rieane Ezhiel D. Nabor
9 - Diligence
OBJECTIVES
IDENTIFY WHAT IS MASS
EXTICTION

DIFFERENT PARTS OF EXTINCTION

MAIN CAUSE OF EXTINCTION

PREVENTION OF EXTINCTION

ANIMALS THAT ARE EXTINCT

DIFFERENT TYPES OF EXTINCTION


OUR COMMON GROUND

The Earth is what we


all have in common.
WENDELL BERRY
WHAT IS
EXTINCTION?
Extinction is a natural occurrence, with the chance varying
according on species makeup and living conditions. Natural factors
such as catastrophes, sickness, climate change, and radiation
provide the greatest hazards, but human actions generate
artificiality and pose the greatest risk.
WHY Extinction occurs when a species' population is reduced due to
environmental factors (habitat fragmentation, global change, natural

EXTINCTION disaster, overexploitation of species for human use) or evolutionary


changes in its members (genetic inbreeding, poor reproduction,

HAPPENS? population decline). The main causes of extinction are habitat loss,
exploitation of habitats, loss of biodiversity, and poaching.
Extinction happens whenever a species'
WHY DOES population is reduced due to environmental
factors such as habitat fragmentation, climate
EXTINCTION change, natural disasters, human
HAPPENS? overexploitation, pollution, or evolutionary
changes such as genetic inbreeding, poor
reproduction, and population decline.
TIMELINE OF THE 6 ANIMALS THAT
WE’RE EXTINCT

WOOLY MAMMOTH EURASIAN AUROCHS

DODO BIRD
STELLER’S SEA COW

GREAT AUK PASSENGER PIGEON


WOOLY MAMMOTH EURSIAN AUROCHS

Mammoths primigenius. Woolly mammoths, which Bos primigenius primigenius. The aurochs became
were previously common in the northern hemisphere extinct in the early seventeenth century, when
for at least 500,000 years, were reduced to isolated poachers killed the last one in Europe. There were
populations along the shores of Siberia and Alaska rumors of aurochs in the decades that followed, but
within 10,000 years and were extinct by 4,000 years. there was little evidence to back them up. There are
two types of cattle in the globe.
DODO BIRD STELLER’S SEA COW

Raphus cucullatus. The dodo was extinct by 1681, the Hydrodamalis gigas. Steller's sea cow, a large
Réunion solitaire by 1746, and the Rodrigues solitaire sirenian found in 1741 and extinct by 1768, is one of
by about 1790. The dodo is frequently cited as one of the few megafaunal mammal species to have
the most well-known examples of human-induced perished during this time.
extinction and serves as a symbol of obsolescence
with respect to human technological progress.
GREAT AUK PASSENGER PIGEON

Pinguinus impennis. The great auk was a bird Ectopistes migratorius the species' collapse began
endemic to the Arctic and sub-Arctic that went abruptly around 1870, and it was formally declared
extinct in 1844. On July 3, 1844, fisherman on Eldey extinct when the last known example died on
Island, Iceland, killed the last confirmed pair of great September 1, 1914, at the Cincinnati (Ohio) Zoo.
auks (Pinguinus impennis).
THE 5
DIFFERENT
TYPES OF
EXTINCTION
END OF
ORDOVICIAN

The melting of the End-Ordovician ice sheet produced


dramatic climatic change in the equatorial and mid-
latitude zones, resulting in the extinction of 86% of species
and 57% of taxa. Most trilobite species, corals, and
brachiopods were among the dead. Sea sponges
prospered in the aftermath, a process that was replicated
in following major extinctions. According to a 2017
Current Biology research, sponges may help to rebuild
whole ecosystems by stabilizing sediment and creating a
conducive habitat for brachiopods and other suspension
feeders.
END OF DEVONIAN
The End-Devonian, a 20-million-year sequence of climatic
change pulses, caused frequent and abrupt declines in
biodiversity, notably the Hangenberg Crisis. These
changes, which may have been induced by substantial
volcanic activity in Siberia, lowered oxygen levels in the
seas and caused environmental disruptions.
Approximately 75% of species and 35% of genera were
extinct. Placidoderms, coral, and trilobites were wiped
out, whereas small creatures prospered, notably
vertebrates smaller than a meter long. Among the
survivors were tetrapods, which evolved into reptiles,
amphibians, and mammals.
END OF PERMIAN
Volcanic activity in Siberia produced the greatest mass
extinction 251 million years ago, wiping out around 96%
of species and 56% of genera. Forest devastation during
wildfires created a "charcoal gap" in the geological
record, leaving nothing to burn. Many amphibians and
synapsids, a very varied group of creatures, perished.
Several fungal species, on the other hand, flourished,
probably because they fed on decomposing creatures. The
extinction of many top-of-the-food-chain synapsids may
have paved the way for the first dinosaurs and mammals,
which descended from a single lowly synapsid branch
that survived. The event lasted around 50,000 years.
END OF TRIASSIC
Volcanic eruptions in the Atlantic Ocean produced
another climate disaster 201 million years ago, mimicking
the End-Permian. Around 80% of species and 47% of
genera became extinct, with the last ribbonlike fish and
numerous reptiles suffering the worst. Dinosaurs thrived
after the End-Triassic, with their archosaur cousins,
crocodylomorphs, including modern crocodiles, surging in
diversity. Conodonts were already in decline at the time,
thus it was a difficult period for them.
END OF
CRETACEOUS
A space rock collided with the globe near Mexico's Yucatan
Peninsula 65.5 million years ago, causing the End-Cretaceous
extinction. Researchers are still debating whether the asteroid
hit caused or contributed to the extinction. Large-scale volcanic
activity in India's Deccan Traps was already underway when
the asteroid hit, according to a Science Advances research, and
both the asteroid crash and the Deccan Traps activity
corresponded with an upsurge in global volcanism. Following
the quick post-asteroid cooling, there was an increase in
carbon dioxide and a decrease in ocean oxygen levels.
Approximately 76% of species and 40% of genera were
extinct. The sun set on the Long Day of the Dinosaur, wiping
out countless other species. Mammals and birds prospered as
they adapted to new ecological conditions.
HOW DO YOU PREVENT
EXTINCTION?

Conservation Strategies for Species Survival

• Habitat Conservation: Establishing and maintaining national parks,


wildlife reserves, and protected areas.

• Biodiversity Conservation: Promoting biodiversity by preserving


diverse species and ecosystems.

• Sustainable Resource Management: Implementing sustainable


practices in agriculture, forestry, and fishing.

• Combatting Illegal Wildlife Trade: Strengthening laws and


enforcement against endangered species trade.

• Public Awareness and Education: Raising awareness about


biodiversity and extinction consequences.

• International Cooperation: Collaborating with other countries to


develop global conservation strategies.
IS HUMAN BEING
THE CAUSE OF
EXTINCTION?

Many species have been wiped off


because of human activities such as
hunting, overharvesting, and pollution,
with current rates estimated to be
1,000 to 10,000 times greater than
natural extinction rates.
CAN HUMAN GO
TO EXTINCTION?
WHY?

Asteroid impacts, nuclear war, or climate change might all kill


us out, but owing to our resiliency, the most likely scenario is a
concatenation of cataclysmic catastrophes that could fully
wipe us out.
THAT’S ALL THANK YOU

Next Slide will be the


references
REFERENCES
Pappas, S. (2023b, March 20). Will humans ever go extinct? Scientific American.
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/will-humans-ever-go-
extinct/#:~:text=Humans%20could%20be%20wiped%20out,could%20wipe%20us%20out%20c
ompletely.

Tarlach, G. (2022, September 15). The 5 mass extinctions that have swept our planet. Discover
Magazine. https://www.discovermagazine.com/planet-earth/mass-extinctions

Gittleman, J. L. (2023, November 11). Extinction | Definition & Examples. Encyclopedia Britannica.
https://www.britannica.com/science/extinction-biology

Home | Natural History Museum. (n.d.). https://www.nhm.ac.uk/

TED-Ed. (2016, January 21). When will the next mass extinction occur? - Borths, D’Emic, and
Pritchard [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RAdNCIIYXvo

You might also like