ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis

Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis

iuridiuli fakulteti

sisxlis samarTlis
aqtualuri sakiTxebi

#1

ISSN 24449-3112
ISSN 24449-3112
Tbilisi, 2017
 ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis
Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis
iuridiuli fakulteti

sisxlis samarTlis
aqtualuri sakiTxebi

#1

ISSN 24449-3112

Tbilisi
2017
Tsu iuridiuli fakulteti
sisxlis samarTlis mimarTulebis
perioduli gamocema

saredaqcio sabWo:
maia ivaniZe
marina mesxi
nino gogniaSvili
Tamar maxarobliZe

koreqtori neli elizbaraSvili

teq. redaqtori kaxaber rusiZe

kompiuteruli uzrunvelyofa daviT kutubiZe

© avtorTa jgufi, 2017

ISSN 2449-3112

gamomcemloba `meridiani~, Tbilisi, al. yazbegis gamz. #47.

 239-15-22; E-mail: [email protected]
 Sinaarsi

maia ivaniZe
sasjelis Sefardebis zogadi sawyisebi saqarTvelos
arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kanonmdeblobis mixedviT.........................5

nino gogniaSvili
arasrulwlovnis dakiTxvis Tavisebureba...........................................................................23

irine xerxeuliZe
arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis sistemaSi arsebuli
prevenciis doneebi da SerCeuli intervenciebis efeqturoba .................................32

marina mesxi
arasrulwlovani msxverplis dacva da saerTaSoriso
standartebiT aRiarebuli uflebebi, romelTa gaTvaliswineba
aucilebelia samarTalwarmoebisas ........................................................................................53

qeTevan mWedliSvili - hedrixi

Sinapatimroba, rogorc Tavisuflebis aRkveTis alternativa
arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebaSi _
istoriuli, samarTlebrivi aspeqtebi da daniSvnis Tavisebureba ........................62

ioseb varZelaSvili
arasrulwlovnis saukeTeso interesebis prioritetulobis,
rogorc arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kodeqsis
umniSvnelovanesi principis mniSvneloba sasamarTlo praqtikaSi .......................71

Tamar maxarobliZe
individualuri Sefasebis angariSis mniSvneloba
arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebaSi .................................................................................78

maka gorgoZe
iuvenaluri iusticiis organizaciul-samarTlebrivi modelebi
da qarTuli arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis
zogierTi problematuri sakiTxi am modelTa WrilSi .................................................88

3
TaTia qvriviSvili
arasrulwlovnis patimroba, rogorc ukiduresi RonisZieba _
adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlosa da saqarTvelos
sasamarTloebis praqtikis analizi .........................................................................................100

ioseb gabaraevi
advokatis TvaliT danaxuli arasrulwlovanTa
marTlmsajulebis kodeqsi ...........................................................................................................112

maia (zoia) xasia

arasrulwlovanTa sasjelis moxdis saerTaSoriso
standartebis zogadi mimoxilva ...............................................................................................128

luara Wanturia
ojaxis faqtori arasrulwlovnis samarTlebrivi
aRzrdisa da marTlSegnebis amaRlebisaTvis ......................................................................143

4
 sasjelis Sefardebis zogadi sawyisebi saqarTvelos
arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kanonmdeblobis mixedviT
maia ivaniZe
ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis
iuridiuli fakultetis profesori

sasjelis daniSvna sisxlis samarTlis mniSvnelovani sakiTxia da Tuki mas farTo

WrilSi ganvixilavT, is SesaZlebelia xelovnebasTanac gavaigivoT.
marTalia, iurisprudencia xelovnebis romelime dargs ar warmoadgens, magram sas-
jelis daniSvna mosamarTlis iseTi sapasuxismgeblo movaleobaa, rom swored am proces-
Si vlindeba misi samarTalSemoqmedebiTi xasiaTi, romelzec, saboloo jamSi adamianis
bedia damokidebuli.
sasjelis sworad daniSvnam sazogadoebis TiToeul wevrs samarTlianobis gancda
unda Camouyalibos. sasjelis daniSvnisas gaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos sasjelis miznebi,
misi daniSvnis zogadi sawyisebi.
es procesi gansakuTrebul specifikas moiTxovs arasrulwlovanTaTvis sasjelis
daniSvnisas, romlis drosac, CamoTvlil garemoebebTan erTad, mxedvelobaSia misaRebi
damnaSavis asaki. igi xom sxvadasxva qveyanaSi gansxvavebulia. saqarTveloSi ki is 14 wl-
idan iwyeba.
bolo wlebSi Cvens qveyanaSi arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kuTxiT siaxlea
gaTvaliswinebuli. kerZod, 2015 wlis 12 ivniss saqarTvelos parlamentma miiRo kanoni
„arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kodeqsi, romlis ZiriTadi nawili ZalaSi Sevida
2016 wlis 1 ianvars. manamde aRniSnuli sakiTxi gaTvaliswinebuli iyo saqarTvelos sisx-
lis samarTlis kodeqsis zogadi nawilis mexuTe karSi saxelwodebiT _ „arasrulwlovan-
Ta sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis Tavisebureba.~
imisaTvis, rom nebismieri siaxle sworad SevafasoT, saWiroa is ZvelTan mimarTebaSi
SeviswavloT. arasrulwlovanTaTvis sasjelis daniSvnis sakiTxis ganzogadeba uaxlesi
warsulis mokle mimoxilviT gvsurs daviwyoT, risi survilic Semdegma mosazrebam kidev
ufro gaamZafra:
„sasjelis miznebisa da misi daniSvnis istoria ar SeiZleba ganxilul iqnes, rogorc
mxolod brZolisa da ideebis cvlilebaTa istoria, rac arcTu iSviaTad xdeba. aseTma
midgomam SeiZleba Seqmnas STabeWdileba, rom sasjelis faqtobrivi xasiaTi ganisazRvre-
boda da ganisazRvreba misi „filosofiiT~, romelic icvleboda da icvleba adamianis az-
rovnebis ganviTarebasTan dakavSirebiT, misi Sinaarsisa da miznebis met-naklebad ufro
humanuri SexedulebiT.~1
diax, sasjelis miznebi, misi daniSvna cvlilebaTa is istoriaa, romelic sazogadoe-
bis ganviTarebis Tanmdevi, filosofiuri arsiT datvirTuli da humanur principebs

1
m. lekveiSvili, sasjelis miznebi da arasrulwlovanTa sasjelis daniSvnis specifika, arasrulwlovanTa
sasjelisa da aRmzrdelobiTi xasiaTis iZulebiTi RonisZiebis Sefardebis problemebi (statiaTa krebuli),
gamomcemloba „meridiani~, 2011, gv. 28.

5
sisxlis samarTlis aqtualuri sakiTxebi #1

dafuZnebuli unda iyos. es yovelive gansakuTrebiT vlindeba arasrulwlovanTaTvis

sasjelis daniSvnisas. am kuTxiT saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobis isto-
ria saintereso da mravalmxrivia.
1960 wels miRebuli saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis Tanaxmad, arasrul-
wlovanTa pasuxismgeblobis asaki, sasjelis miznebi, sasjelis saxeebi da maTi daniSvnis
wesi Taviseburi xasiaTis iyo da arsebuli sinamdvilidan gamomdinareobda.
sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobis saerTo asaki maSin 16 weli iyo. 14-dan 16 wlam-
de asakis pirebs sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgebloba iseTi danaSaulisaTvis ekisrebo-
daT, rogoricaa mkvleloba, sxeulis ganzrax dazianeba, gaupatiureba, qurdoba, cecxl-
sasroli iaraRis, sabrZolo masalis an feTqebadi nivTierebis gataceba da mTeli rigi
iseTi qmedebebi, romlis gacnobierebac (sxvadasxva specialistis SexedulebiT) 14-dan 16
wlis pirs SeeZlo.
im pirTa mimarT, vinc danaSauls 18 wlis asakamde Caidenda da mosamarTlis Sefase-
biT did sazogadoebriv saSiSroebas ar warmoadgenda, SesaZlebeli gaxldaT aRmzrde-
lobiTi xasiaTis iZulebiTi RonisZiebis gamoyeneba, rac sisxlissamarTlis sasjels ar
warmoadgenda.
es yovelive sisxlis samarTlis calke muxliT (64-e muxli) _ arasrulwlovanTa mimarT
aRmzrdelobiTi xasiaTis iZulebiTi RonisZiebaTa gamoyenebiT _ regulirdeboda. sasje-
lis daniSvnisas mTavar amocanas udavod sasjelis miznebis ganxorcieleba warmoadgens.
am mxriv originaluri da sainteresoa imdroindeli sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobiT
gansazRvruli sasjelis miznebi. is Semdegi saxiT iyo Camoyalibebuli:
„sasjeli rodia mxolod dasja Cadenili danaSaulisaTvis, aramed miznad isaxavs
agreTve gamoasworos da xelaxla aRzardos msjavrdebulni Sromisadmi patiosani damok-
idebulebis, kanonTa zusti Sesrulebis, saerTo cxovrebis wesebisadmi pativiscemis su-
liskveTebiT. agreTve acdenil iqnes axal danaSaulTa Cadena rogorc msjavrdebulTa,
ise sxva pirTa mier.
sasjelis miznebis amgvari definicia naTlad gviCvenebda, rom mxolod dasja ar iyo
sasjelis mizani, magram misi Sinaarsidan gamomdinare erT-erTi mizani TavisTavad das-
jac iyo. imdroindel sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi asaxuli sasjelis miznebi erTnairad
vrceldeboda rogorc srulwlovani, aseve arasrulwlovani piris mimarT.
mamrobiTi sqesis arasrulwlovnebs, romlebsac Tavisuflebis aRkveTis saxiT ms-
javri pirvelad edebodaT _ sasjelis moxda Sroma-aRmzrdelobiT koloniebSi eniSnebo-
daT, xolo im arasrulwlovnebs, romlebsac Tavisuflebis aRkveTis saxiT sasjeli ukve
moxdili hqondaT, sasjeli gaZlierebuli reJimis koloniebSi unda moexadaT; mdedrobi-
Ti sqesis arasrulwlovnebi sasjels saerTo reJimis koloniebSi ixdidnen.
arasrulwlovanTa mimarT sasjelis daniSvnasTan dakavSirebiT, saintereso gaxlavT
is garemoebebi, rac sasamarTlos sasjelis daniSvnis procesSi mxedvelobaSi unda mie-
Ro: kerZod, Cadenili qmedebis sazogadoebrivad saSiSi xasiaTi da xarisxi, damnaSavis
pirovneba da sasjelis damamZimebeli da Semamasubuqebeli garemoebani.
yovelive es gansazRvruli gaxldaT sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 37-e muxli _ sasje-
lis daniSvnis zogadi sawyisebi. es ZiriTadi safuZvlebi sasamarTlos mxedvelobaSi unda
mieRo rogorc srulwlovani, ise arasrulwlovani piris mimarT sasjelis daniSvnisas.
kodeqsi sasjelis daniSvnasa da sasjelisagan gaTavisulebis sakiTxs calke (me-5) Tavs
uTmobda. garkveul Taviseburebas warmoadgenda is garemoeba, rom pasuxismgeblobis
Semamsubuqebeli da damamZimebeli garemoebebis nusxa CamoTvlili iyo.
Semamsubuqebel garemoebaTa CamonaTvali iTvaliswinebda arasrulwlovnis mier da-
naSaulis Cadenas, xolo erT-erT damamZimebel garemoebad miiCneoda arasrulwlovanTa

6
sasjelis Sefardebis zogadi sawyisebi saqarTvelos maia
arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kanonmdeblobis mixedviT ivaniZe

waqezeba danaSaulis Casadenad an arasrulwlovanTa Cabma danaSaulSi monawileobisTvis;

im pirs, romelsac danaSaulis Cadenamde Tvrameti weli ar Sesruleboda, Tavisuflebis
aRkveTis daniSvna ar SeiZleboda aT welze meti vadiT. am periodis sasjelTa sistema
iseTi mkacri saxis sasjels iTvaliswinebda, rogoric iyo sikvdiliT dasja. im piris
mimarT, romelsac Tvrameti weli ar Sesruleboda, sasjelis umaRlesi zomis Sefardeba
dauSvebeli iyo.
1960 wels miRebuli sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 55-e muxlis Tanaxmad, piri, romel-
mac danaSauli Tvrameti wlis asakamde Caidina da sasjelis saxed Tavisuflebis aRkveTa
an gamasworebeli samuSao daeniSneboda, SesaZlebeli iyo misi gaTavisufleba pirobiT va-
damde an sasjelis mouxdeli nawilis Secvla ufro msubuqi sasjeliT. esec im SemTxveva-
Si, Tuki arasrulwlovani Sromisa da swavlisadmi patiosan damokidebulebas gamoiCenda.
sakiTxis mokle istoriasTan dakavSirebiT sainteresoa zogierTi ucxo qveynis kanon-
mdeblobis analizi arasrulwlovanTa asakTan, sasjelis miznebTan da misi daniSvnis
wesTan dakavSirebiT.
XX saukunis ociani wlebidan moyolebuli germaniaSi arasrulwlovanTa specialuri
sisxlis samarTlis kanonebis Seqmna daiwyes (1923, 1943 da 1953 wlebSi). arasrulwlovan-
Ta sisxlis samarTlis 1953 wlis kanoni orjer iqna reformirebuli (1990 da 2007 wels).2
1923 wlis kanoni arasrulwlovanTa sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobis Sesaxeb sisxlis
samarTlis pasuxismgeblobas 14-dan da 18 wlamde awesebda. 14-dan 18 wlamde samarTal-
damrRvevebi ki kanonis mTeli simkacriT ar isjebodnen. kanoni iTvaliswinebda aRmzrd-
elobiTi xasiaTis RonisZiebebsa da pirobiT msjavrs.
1943 wels nacional-socialisturi germaniis kanonmdebelma 16 wels miRweul pirTa
sruli pasuxismgebloba daawesa im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac samarTaldamrRvevi arasrulw-
lovani socialurad momwifebuli da danaSaulebrivi ganwyobis mqone iyo, xolo sisxlis
samarTlis pasuxismgeblobis asaki 14-dan 12 wlamde daiyvana da pirobiTi msjavri gaau-
qma.3
meore msoflio omis Semdgom wlebSi arasrulwlovanTa saqmeebis sasamarTlo sisx-
lis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobis Zvel (1923 wlis kanonis) gagebas daubrunda.
1953 wlis kanoni arasrulwlovnTa sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobis Sesaxeb 1-is
me-3 abzacSi yovelgvari gamonaklisis gareSe sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobas 14
wlidan awesebs. am kanonis mixedviT daisjebian rogorc arasrulwlovnebi (JuendlicHer),
anu 14-dan 18 wlamde asakis samarTaldamrRvevebi, aseve mozrdilebi, anu 18-dan 21 wlam-
de asakis samarTaldamrRvevebi4, Tu isini danaSaulis Cadenis dros Tavisi zneobrivi da
sulieri ganviTarebis doniT arasrulwlovnis doneze idgnen, anda qmedeba Tavisi saxis,
garemoebebisa da motivebis mixedviT axalgazrduli gadacdomaa. Tu sisxlis samarTlis
kanonmdeblobiT gaTvaliswinebuli qmedeba mcirewlovanma (absoluturad braluunaro
pirma) Caidina, saqme axalgazrdebis saqmeTa sammarTvelos gadaecema.
Cvens qveyanaSi 1999 wlidan 2016 wlis 1 ianvramde arasrulwlovanTa sisxlis samar-
Tlis pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxi gaTvaliswinebuli iyo saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis
kodeqsis zogadi nawilis mexuTe kariT. igi Tavis mxriv ori Tavisagan Sedgeboda:
pirveli, arasrulwlovanTa sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobis Tavisebureba da
meore, arasrulwlovanis gaTavisufleba sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobisa da
sasjelisagan.
2
q. mWedliSvil-hedrixi, sanqciebi arasrulwlovnaTa sisxlis samarTalSi germaniis kanonmdeblobis mixed-
viT. statiaTa krebuli. arasrulwlovanTa sasjelisa da aRmzrdelobiTi xasiaTis iZulebiTi RonisZiebis
Sefardebis problemebi, gamomcemloba „meridiani~, Tb., 2011. gv. 236.
3
Lauberntahl/Nestler, Jugendstrafrecht,S.17.
4
m. SalikaSvilis mier SemoRebuli diferenciacia.

7
sisxlis samarTlis aqtualuri sakiTxebi #1

1999 wlidan moqmedi sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT arasrulwlovani damnaSavis asaki

14 wliT ganisazRvra, e.i. sisxlis samarTlis wesiT pasuxs agebs piri, visac danaSaulis
Cadenamde Seusrulda ToTxmeti weli, magram ar Sesrulebia Tvrameti weli.
rac Seexeba sasjelis miznebs, is saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 39-e mux-
lSi Semdegi saxiT aris Camoyalibebuli: samarTlianobis aRdgena, axali danaSaulis Tav-
idan acileba da damnaSavis resocializacia. aRniSnuli muxlis mesame nawilis Tanaxmad,
sasjelis mizani ar aris adamianis fizikuri tanjva an misi Rirsebis damcireba.
arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kodeqsis miRebamde arasrulwlovanTaTvis sas-
jelis daniSvna am miznebis Sesabamisi unda yofiliyo. axalma kodeqsma sasjelis miznebi
axleburad gansazRvra, romelzec dawvrilebiT cota mogvianebiT visaubrebT.
arasrulwlovanTaTvis sasjelis daniSvnis dros mosamarTles sisxlis samarTlis
kodeqsis 53-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebul garemoebebTan erTad mxedvelobaSi unda mieRo
piris cxovrebisa da aRzrdis pirobebi, fsiqikuri ganviTarebis done, janmrTelobis md-
gomareoba, sxva pirovnuli Taviseburebani, masze asakiT ufrosi piris zegavlena. kanon-
mdebeli ar sjerdeboda im garemoebebs, rac 53-e muxlSi iyo mocemuli da calke gamoy-
ofda arasrulwlovan damnaSavisaTvis sasjelis daniSvnisas gaTvaliswinebul damatebiT
rekomendaciebs.
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 53-e muxli ki sasjelis daniSvnisas sa-
samarTlos mxedvelobaSi misaRebad Semdeg garemoebebs uTiTebs, kerZod, pasuxismgeblo-
bis Semamsubuqebeli da damamZimebeli garemoebebi, danaSaulis motivi da mizani, qmede-
baSi gamovlenili marTlsawinaaRmdego neba, movaleobaTa darRvevis xasiaTi da zoma,
qmedebis ganxorcielebis saxe, xerxi da marTlsawinaaRmdego Sedegi, damnaSavis warsuli
cxovreba, piradi da ekonomikuri pirobebi, qmedebis Cadenis Semdeg damnaSavis yofaqce-
va, gansakuTrebiT piris miswrafeba, aanazRauros ziani da Seurigdes dazaralebuls.
„damsaxurebuli sasjelis dakisreba efuZneba „damsaxurebuli sasjelis Teorias~,
romlis Tanaxmad damnaSaves unda daekisros is sasjeli, rac man daimsaxura, cxadia,
Cadenili danaSaulis simZimis gaTvaliswinebiT. profesori meTiu lippmenis azriT, „dam-
saxurebuli~ sasjelis dakisreba damokidebulia danaSaulis Cadenis mTel rig garemoe-
bebze, damnaSavis piradul Tvisebebze, dazaralebulis pirovnebis gaTvaliswinebaze da
sxva.~5
am mosazrebis mxedvelobaSi miReba gansakuTrebiT saWiroa arasrulwlovanTaTvis
sasjelis daniSvnisas. arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kodeqsis calke me-16 Tavi
mTlianad arasrulwlovanTa sasjelis daniSvnas eTmoba. kerZod, arasrulwlovanTa
marTlmsajulebis kodeqsis 75-e da 76-e muxlebi arasrulwlovnisTvis sasjelis daniS-
vnis zogad sawyisebsa da maTTvis kanoniT gaTvaliswinebulze ufro msubuqi sasjelis
daniSvnis Taviseburebebs awesebs.
mocemuli moxsenebis (mocemuli statiis) farglebSi SevecdebiT arasrulwlovnTa
sasjelis daniSvnasTan dakavSirebuli siaxleebi warmovaCinoT. am mxriv sainteresoa
arasrulwlovanTa axali kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli sasjelis miznebisa da arasrulw-
lovnis sasjelis daniSvnis zogadi sawyisebis Sedareba manamde arsebul sinamdvilesTan.
sainteresoa, SedarebiT mokle droSi rogor daimkvidra adgili arasrulwlovanTa
marTlmsajulebis kodeqsma sasamarTlo praqtikaSi da ra problemebi iCens Tavs aras-
rulwlovanTa mimarT sasjelTa daniSvnis kuTxiT. mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs arasrulwlovnis
mimarT vadiani Tavisuflebis aRkveTis daniSvnis specifika, arasrulwlovanTaTvis arasa-
patimro sasjelis daniSvnis Taviseburebani, nasamarTlobasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi.
saerTaSoriso gamocdileba cxadyofs, rom „arasrulwlovanTa samarTlis Seqmna
5
Matthew Lippman.Coteremporary Criminal Law;Concepts,Cases and Controversies, 2004, p. 55-60.

8
sasjelis Sefardebis zogadi sawyisebi saqarTvelos maia
arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kanonmdeblobis mixedviT ivaniZe

Zalian rTuli procesia. is bavSvTan aris dakavSirebuli. amasTan, TiToeul qveyanas axa-
siaTebs bavSvTan dakavSirebuli Tavisi problemebi.6 maTi gadaWris gzebze msjelobisas,
umTavresi gzavnili gaxlavT, rom yvela qveyanaSi bavSvi unda iyos TiToeuli ojaxis,
moqalaqis, saxelmwifos pirveli rigis sazrunavi. rogorc ar unda SevcvaloT kanon-
mdebloba, amosavali erTia _ rogori midgomebi arsebobs ama Tu im qveyanaSi arasrul-
wlovnis mimarT.7
yvelaze mniSvnelovani faqtori ki is aris, rom saqme exeba pirs, romelic danaSauls
gardatexis asakSi sCadis da misi qmedebis Sefaseba garda iuristebisa sxvadasxva dargis
muSakTa (fsiqologebis, sociologebis, pedagogebis) erToblivi gansjis sagania. Tuki am
sakiTxs frTxilad mivudgebiT, naklebi Sansi rCeba, rom mozardma danaSauli Caidinos.
swored arasrulwlovanTa resocializacia-reabilitacia da axali danaSaulis Ta-
vidan acileba aris arasrulwlovnisaTvis daniSnuli sasjelis mizani. samarTliano-
bis aRdgena, rogorc sasjelis erT-erTi mizani (ssk-is 39-e muxli), arasrulwlovanTa
marTlmsajulebis kodeqsSi aRar gvxvdeba.
„marTebulad aris aRniSnuli iuridiul literaturaSi, rom samarTlianoba aris Se-
fasebiTi cneba.~8
„samarTlianobis principi ar SeiZleba mxolod sasjelis samarTlianobiT Semoifar-
glos. sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi iTvaliswinebs zemoqmedebis sxva zomebsac.~9
arasrulwlovanTaTvis sasjelis daniSvnisas, kanonmdebelma zemoqmedebis efeqtur
saSualebad (zomebad) axali danaSulis Tavidan acilebasTan erTad resocializacia-re-
abilitaciis mizani miiCnia. amasTan, resocializacia-reabilitaciam rigiTobiT pirvel
adgilze gadmoinacvla. mas mosdevs danaSaulis Tavidan acilebis mizani. bunebrivia, am
ori miznis ganxorcielebam sazogadoebaSi samarTlianobis gancda unda datovos, Tumca
arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kodeqsSi aseTi mizani ar gvxvdeba.
arasrulwlovanTa sasjelis miznebTan dakavSirebiT moviSvelioT ucxouri gamoc-
dileba. germaniis federaluri sasamarTlo bolo wlebSi arasrulwlovnis sasjelis
miznad misi aRzrdis gverdiT mis dasjasa (Suhne) da samarTlianobis aRdgenas (Schul-
dausgleich) aRiarebs. amiT igi eTanxmeba literaturaSi gamoTqmul azrs imis Sesaxeb, rom
sasjelis mizani maSin, rodesac piri ganaCenis gamotanisas ukve srulwlovania, aRzrda
ar SeiZleba iyos, radgan zrdasruli adamianis aRzrda mis Rirsebas laxavs da amitomac
dauSvebelia, amasTan mZime brali uciloblad dasjas unda ukavSirdebodes.10
kidev erTi siaxlis Sesaxeb mivuTiTebT. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis
39-e muxlSi saubaria zogadad sasjelis miznebze, xolo arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsaju-
lebis kodeqsis 65-e muxlSi miTiTebulia daniSnuli sasjelis mizanze. sasjelis iseTi
miznebi, rogoricaa: samarTlianobis aRdgena da msjavrdebulis resocializacia, maTi
miRweva SesaZlebelia mxolod sasamarTlos mier sasjelis daniSvnis gziT.
rac Seexeba axali danaSaulis Tavidan acilebas, misi miRweva SesaZlebelia rogorc
danaSaulis Cadenamde, rodesac qmedeba gamocxaddeba danaSaulad da aikrZaleba misi
Cadena, ise sasamarTlos mier sasjelis daniSvnis Semdeg.11
vinaidan danaSaulis Cadenamdec sasjels zogadprevenciuli funqcia aqvs, amitom
SesaZlebelia, arasrulwlovanTaTvis gansazRvruli sasjelis mizani ufro farTod

6
А. М. Равец. Ювинальное право Росийской Федераций, м. 2015, стр. 53.
7
m. ivaniZe, arasrulwlovani da misi saukeTeso interesebi, wignSi arasrulwlovanTa kanonmdeblobis anali-
zi da sasamarTlo praqtika, gamomcemloba „meridiani~ Tb., 2017 gv. 14.
8
g. xubua, samarTlis Teoria, Tb., 2004, gv. 67-68.
9
sisxlis samarTlis zogadi nawili, red. g. tyeSeliaZe, g. naWyebia, Tb., 2004, gv. 29-31.
10
Schaffstein/beulke, Jugendstrafrecht, s, 330.
11
i. varZelaSvili, sasjelis miznebi, gamomcemloba „meridiani~, Tb., 2016, gv. 89.

9
sisxlis samarTlis aqtualuri sakiTxebi #1

iqnes gagebuli da mxolod axali danaSaulis Cadenis Tavidan acilebis mizniT ar Semoi-
farglos.
imisaTvis, rom sasjelis daniSvnis procesi sworad warimarTos, saWiroa Tavad sas-
jelTa sistema iyos daxvewili. saqarTveloSi arsebuli liberaluri politika, gansa-
kuTrebiT arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis procesSi, xazs usvams yvelaze msubuqi
saSualebisa da alternatiuli zomebis prioritetulobas.
sisxlissamarTlebrivi sanqciebi, rogorc wesi, iTvaliswinebs sasjelis alterna-
tiul saxeebsa da mis zomas (umetesad maqsimalursa da minimalurs), rac gamoxatulia
Tavisuflebis aRkveTis vadebSi, jarimaSi, gamasworebel samuSaoSi da a.S. sasjelis dan-
iSvnisas sasamarTlo gansazRvravs sasjelis saxesa da zomas konkretuli raodenobrivi
maCvenebliT (weli, Tanxa), amitom sasjelis nawilSi sasamarTlo ganaCeni emsaxureba im
faqtorTa erTobliobas, romelic safuZvlad udevs sasjelis zomas da problema imaSi
gamoixateba, Tu ra Sefaseba unda mieces konkretuli damnaSavis mier Cadenil dana-
Sauls.12
arasrulwlovnebis periodi adamianis cxovrebis yvelaze mniSvnelovani droa, rome-
lic did gavlenas axdens mis momavalze. Sesabamisad, kanonmdebloba unda iyos imdenad
daxvewili da saerTaSoriso standartebis Sesabamisi, rom am asakSi Cadenilma danaSaulma
rac SeiZleba umtkivneulod Caiaros piris cxovrebaSi. piriqiT, es gaxdes magaliTi, rom
arasdros dauSvas is Secdoma, ris gamoc iqna msjavrdebuli.
yovelive am garemoebis gaTvaliswinebiT, arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebaSi gan-
sakuTrebuli roli sasjelebs akisria. axalma kodeqsma alternatiuli sasjelis saxeebi
SemogvTavaza, maT Soris sruliad axali sasjelis saxea Sinapatimroba, romelic 2015
wlis seqtembridan amoqmedda.13 sasjelis am saxesTan erTad arasrulwlovanTa mimarT
gaTvaliswinebulia iseTi sasjelis saxeebi, rogoricaa jarima, saqmianobis uflebis Cam-
orTmeva, sazogadoebisaTvis sasargeblo Sroma, Tavisuflebis SezRudva, vadiani Tavi-
suflebis aRkveTa.
SevecdebiT cal-calke vimsjeloT arasrulwlovanTaTvis arasapatimro sasje-
lis daniSvnis Tviseburebebsa da maT mimarT vadiani Tavisuflebis aRkveTis daniSvnis
specifikis Sesaxeb.
rac Seexeba uSualod arasrulwlovanTa sasjelis daniSvnis zogad sawyisebs, ara-
srulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kodeqsis 75-e muxlis Sesabamisad, mosamarTlem pir-
vel rigSi misi saukeTeso interesebi da misi individualuri Sefasebis angariSi unda
gaiTvaliswinos.
arasrulwlovanTa saukeTeso interesi niSnavs TiToeuli arasrulwlovnis usa-
frTxoebas, keTildReobas, janmrTelobis dacvas, ganaTlebas, ganviTarebas, resocial-
izacia-reabilitacias da sxva interesebs, romlebic saerTaSoriso standartebisa da
arasrulwlovnis individualuri maxasiaTeblebis Sesabamisad, agreTve misi azris gaT-
valiswinebiT ganisazRvreba.
„am interesis prioritetuloba ki ise unda gavigoT, rom sisxlis samarTlis sxva aR-
iarebul principebTan SedarebiT da ufro metic, arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis
sxva principebTan SedarebiTac ki upiratesoba eniWeba arasrulwlovanTa saukeTeso
interesebis princips. Sesabamisad, sxva principi arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis
procesSi mxolod maSin unda gamoviyenoT, Tu igi ar ewinaaRmdegeba arasrulwlovnis
12
m. lekveiSvili, sasjelis miznebi da arasrulwlovanTa sasjelis daniSvnis specifika, statiaTa krebulSi
– arasrulwlovanTa sasjelisa da aRmzrdelobiTi xasiaTis iZulebiTi RonisZiebis Sefardebis proble-
mebi, gamomcemloba „meridiani“, Tb., 2011, gv. 49.
13
T. maxarobliZe, sasjelebi arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kodeqsis mixedviT, wignSi arasrulwlo-
vanTa kanonmdeblobis analizi da sasamarTlo praqtika, gamomcemloba „meridiani“, Tb., 2007, gv. 42.

10
sasjelis Sefardebis zogadi sawyisebi saqarTvelos maia
arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kanonmdeblobis mixedviT ivaniZe

saukeTeso interess.~14
zemoT dasaxelebuli mosazrebis avtors magaliTad mohyavs sisxlis samarTlis gar-
duvalobis principi, rac niSnavs imas, „Tu subieqti Tavis movaleobas upasuxismgeblod
moekida, mas garduvalad mohyveba negatiuri pasuxismgebloba, rogorc Sesabamisi in-
stanciis (magaliTad, saxelmwifos mxriv) uaryofiTi reaqcia.15 imis miuxedavad, aras-
rulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis procesSi, Tuki arasrulwlovnis saukeTeso interesi
moiTxovs mis mimarT sisxlis samarTlis devnis dawyebaze uaris Tqmas, prokurorma ss pa-
suxisxmgeblobis garduvalobasTan SedarebiT upiratesoba am ukanasknel princips unda
mianiWos.
arasrulwlovnis saukeTeso interesidan gamomdinare, aucilebelia misi piradi cx-
ovrebis daculoba. iyo SemTxvevebi, roca arasrulwlovnis saqmis ganxilvis wina dRes
bavSvis yvela monacemi _ saxeli, gvari, aseve misi cxovrebis amsaxveli detalebi pirdapi-
ri eTeriT Suqdeboda. xSirad es xdeboda sasamarTlos saqmianobis kritikis mizniT,rac
imavdroulad uaryofiTad moqmedebda sasamarTlos damoukideblobazec da Tavis mxriv
mozardze, mis ganviTrebaze uaryofiTad aisaxeba.
bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis me-16 muxlis Tanaxmad, arc erTi bavSvi ar SeiZleba
iyos piradi da ojaxuri cxovrebis an misi Rirsebisa da reputaciis ukanono xelyofis
obieqti. misi piradi cxovrebis sruli pativiscema unda moxdes saqmis ganxilvis yvela
stadiaze. bunebrivia, sasjelis daniSvnis stadiazec.
bavSvis komitetis #10 zogadi komentari ganmartavs: magaliTisTvis bavSvis yvelaze
saukeTeso interesis dacva niSnavs imas, rom sisxlis samarTlis marTlmsajulebis iseTi
tradiciuli miznebi, rogoricaa damnaSavis dasja, danaSaulis Camdeni bavSvebisaTvis
unda Seicvalos reabilitaciisa da aRdgeniTi marTlmsajulebis miznebiT.
aRniSnulis miRweva SesaZlebelia sazogadoebriv usafrTxoebaze yuradRebis gamax-
vilebis paralelurad.16
arasrulwlovanTaTvis sasjelis daniSvnisas mosamarTle iyenebs individualu-
ri Sefasebis angariSs. maSasadame, arasrulwlovnis mimarT gadawyvetilebis miRebisas
gaiTvaliswineba bavSvis individualuri maxasiaTeblebi: asaki, ganviTarebis done, cxov-
rebis, aRzrdisa da ganviTarebis pirobebi, ganaTleba, janmrTelobis mdgomareoba, ojax-
uri viTareba da sxva garemoebebi, romlebic arasrulwlovnis xasiaTisa da qcevis Tav-
iseburebebis Sefasebisa da misi saWiroebebis gansazRvris SesaZleblobas iZleva.
mniSvnelovani siaxle, rac saqarTvelos sasamarTlo praqtikaSi arasrulwlovanTa
saqmeebis warmoebisas unda iyos gaTvaliswinebuli da TandaTan damkvidrddes, swored
bavSvis individualuri angariSis Seswavla da masze dayrdnobiT sasjelis saxis SerCevaa.
amasTan, arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis procesis nebismier stadiaze procesis
mwarmoebeli piri arasrulwlovans gansakuTrebuli yuradRebiT unda moepyros. am mxriv
sainteresod miviCnieT saqarTvelos sasamarTlo praqtikis Seswavla da analizi. kerZod,
TiToeul sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze ramdenad aris daculi arasrulwlovnis saukeTeso
interesi da xdeba Tu ara konkretul saqmeze bavSvis individualuri angariSis Seswavla.
am sakiTxis safuZvliani analizi mniSvnelovania im kuTxiT, rom axlo warsulSi aras-
rulwlovanTa saqmiswarmoebis irgvliv kritika xSiri iyo. es exeboda rogorc mis mimarT
Sefardebuli sasjelis saxesa da zomas, aseve sasjelis daniSvnis zogad sawyisebs.
„oriode sityviT mainc ar SeiZleba ar Sevexo sasamarTloTa saqmianobaSi gaba-
tonebul araswor praqtikas: Cvens xelT arsebuli sasamarTlo ganaCenTa umravlesobaSi,
14
ix. sisxlis samarTali,zogadi nawili, saxelmZRvanelo, avtorTa koleqtivi. red, g. naWyebia, n. Todua,
2016, gv. 658.
15
Sead. g. naWyebia, wignSi: sisxlis samarTali, zogadi nawili, avt. koleqtivi, Tb., 2007, gv. 28.
16
bavSvis uflebaTa komiteti, zogadi komentari 10 (2007), punqti 10.

11
sisxlis samarTlis aqtualuri sakiTxebi #1

samwuxarod, metad zereled xdeba sasjelis Sefardebisas yvela im garemoebaTa Rrma

analizi, rac safuZvlad edeba damnaSavisaTvis sasjelis ama Tu im saxis Tu zomis Se-
fardebas. vfiqrob, rom mosamarTleebi ar unda Semoifarglon sasjelis Sefardebisas
TviT sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT rekomendebul garemoebaTa CamonaTvaliT. magaliTad
„sasamrTlom gaiTvaliswina damnaSavis warsuli cxovreba~ (miuTiTon konkretulad raSi
gamoixata); anda „piradi da ekonomikuri pirobebi~ (raSi pova man gamoxatuleba) da sxva.17
es SeniSvna arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kodeqsis miRebamdea gakeTebuli.
maSin arasrulwlovnisTvis sasjelis daniSvnis zogadi sawyisebi calke ar iyo gawerili
da mxolod 53-e muxlis Sesabamisad xdeboda maTi mxedvelobaSi miReba.
arasrulwlovanTa saukeTeso interesi da individualuri Sefasebis angariSi aras-
rulwlovnis sasjelis daniSvnisas aucileblad gasaTvaliswinebeli garemoebebia, am
kuTxiT sainteresoa saqarTvelos sasamarTlo praqtikis ganzogadeba.
Cven mier Seswavlil iqna ramdenime sisxlis samarTlis saqme. mocemul saqmeebze
sasjelis gamoyenebis dasabuTebisas, umravles SemTxvevaSi, mosamarTleebi uTiTeben
bavSvTa konvenciis Sesabamis muxlebs, romliTac arasrulwlovnis saukeTeso intere-
sia daculi. aseve uTiTeben gaeros standartul minimalur wesebs, romlis mixedviTac
zemoqmedebis zoma iqna SerCeuli. amasTan, es zomebi unda iyos Tanazomadi ara marto Ca-
denili qmedebis garemoebebTan, aramed arasrulwlovnis mdgomareobasa da moTxovnile-
bebTan. ramdenad xdeba am standartebis gaTvaliswineba sasjelis ama Tu im saxis SerCe-
visas, SevecdebiT, es konkretuli sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebis magaliTze ganvixiloT.
Seswavlil masalebze dayrdnobiT, xSir SemTxvevaSi arasrulwlovanTa sisxlis samar-
Tlis saqmeebSi, vxvdebiT Semdegi saxis trafaretul msjelobas, „sasamarTlo sasjelis
daniSvnis dros iTvaliswinebs arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kodeqsis 65-e da 75-e
muxlis moTxovnebs, mxedvelobaSi iRebs arasrulwlovani braldebulis keTildReobis,
ganaTlebis ganviTarebis interess da miaCnia, rom mas SesaZlebelia daeniSnos, magaliT-
ad, arasapatimro sasjeli. konkretul SemTxvevaSi, Tu ra garemoeba CaTvala sasamarT-
lom arasrulwlovnis keTildReobis uzrunvelsayofad, miTiTebuli ar gaxlavT da is
yvela SemTxvevaSi individualuria.
arasrulwlovnTa sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebze Cvens mier Seswavlili praqtikis an-
alizi gviCvenebs, rom xSir SemTxvevaSi ganaCenSi ar aris miTiTebuli bavSvis individu-
alur Sefasebis angariSze dayrdnobili msjeloba. magaliTad, sisxlis samarTlis saqme
#1/5573-15.
nasamarTlobis armqone arasrulwlovanma Tavi srulad cno damnaSaved saqarTvelos
sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 177-e muxlis me-2 nawilis „a~ da amave kodeqsis me-3 nawi-
lis „g~ qvepunqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulis CadenaSi (sxvisi moZravi nivTis faru-
li daufleba marTlsawinaaRmdego misakuTrebis mizniT, binaSi ukanono SeRweviT, ramac
mniSvnelovani ziani gamoiwvia).
mosamarTle ganaCenSi zogadad msjelobs, rom arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis
kodeqsis mizans warmoadgens arasrulwlovnis saukeTeso interesis dacva,kanonTan kon-
fliqtSi myofi arasrulwlovnis resocializacia-reabilitacia, axali danaSaulis Tav-
idan acileba da marTlwesrigis dacva.
individualuri Sefasebis angariSis miTiTebis gareSe aseve msjelobs amk-is 75-e mux-
lis me-2 nawilis Sesaxeb da uTiTebs imis Taobaze, rom sasamarTlo uflebamosilia
arasrulwlovans daakisros erTi an ramdenime movaleoba, romelic gaTvaliswinebulia

17
m. lekveiSvili, sasjelis miznebi da arasrulwlovanTa sasjelis daniSvnis specifika, statiaTa krebulSi
_ arasrulwlovanTa sasjelisa da aRmzrdelobiTi xasiaTis iZulebiTi RonisZiebis Sefardebis probleme-
bi, gamomcemloba „meridiani“, Tb., 2011, gv. 50.

12
sasjelis Sefardebis zogadi sawyisebi saqarTvelos maia
arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kanonmdeblobis mixedviT ivaniZe

amave kodeqsis 45-e muxliT.

sasamarTlo yovelgvari safuZvlis miTiTebis gareSe msjelobs da arasrulwlovans
mudmivi sacxovrebeli adgilis Secvlas ukrZalavs, aseve drois gansazRvrul monakveTSi
ukrZalavs Sinidan gasvlas. mosamarTle iqve msjelobs, rom aseTi movaleobis dakisreba
xels Seuwyobs mis resocializacia-reabilitacias da axali danaSaulis Tavidan acile-
bas, rac uzrunvelyofs sasjelis ZiriTadi miznis Sesrulebas. ra garemoebebze dayrd-
nobiT akeTebs am daskvnas mosamarTle, es ganaCenidan ar Cans.
analogiurad msjelobs sasamarTlo sisxlis samarTlis saqme #1/5702-15-Si aras-
rulwlovnTa mimarT sasjelis daniSvnisas da am SemTxvevaSic ar Cans Seswavlilia Tu ara
arasrulwlovnis individualuri Sefasebis angariSi.
arasrulwlovanTa mier ganxorcielebul iqna mZime kategoriis danaSauli, kerZod,
yaCaRoba Cadenili pirTa jgufis mier. maT Tbilisis zRvis mimdebare teritoriaze
yaCaRuri Tavdasxma ganaxorcieles taqsis mZRolze, romelsac cecxlsasroli iaraRis
magvari sagnis demonstrirebiT, sicocxlisa da janmrTelobisaTvis saSiSi Zaladobis ga-
moyenebis muqariT, marTlsawinaaRmdego misakuTrebis mizniT gastaces mobiluri tele-
foni.
mosamarTlem orive arasrulwlovans daakisra Semdegi movaleoba: maT aekrZalaT
mudmivi sacxovrebeli adgilis Secvla, aseve drois gansazRvrul monakveTSi Sinidan
gasvla. mosamarTlem imsjela, rom aseTi movaleobis Sesruleba xels Seuwyobs maT reso-
cializacia-reabilitacias da axali danaSaulis Tavidan acilebas.
orive msjavrdebulis sasjelis saxesa da zomaze msjelobisas mosamarTlem miuTiTa
maTi sasjelis damamZimebeli da Semamsubuqebeli garemoebebi. orive msjavrdebuli aRi-
arebs da inaniebs Cadenil danaSauls da damamZimebeli garemoebebi ar gaaCniaT.
am garemoebebze dayrdnobiT maT saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 179-e
muxlis me-2 nawilis „b~~ qvepunqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulis CadenaSi sasjelis
saxed da zomad ganesazRvraT 6 wlis vadiT Tavisuflebis aRkveTa, arasrulwlovanTa
marTlmsajulebis kodeqsis 73-e muxlis me-3 nawilis safuZvelze daniSnuli sasjelis
vada Semcirda ¼-iT da sasjeli saxed da zomad pirs ganesazRvra Tavisuflebis aRkveTa
4 wlisa da 6 Tvis vadiT, rac arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kodeqsis 74-e mux-
lis Tanaxmad, CaeTvalaT pirobiT da ssk-is 64-e muxlis safuZvelze,gamosacdel vadad
daudgindaT 4 weli da 6 Tve.
arasrulwlovanTaTvis arasapatimro sasjelis daniSvisas arasrulwlovanTa marTlm-
sajulebis kodeqsis 75-e muxlis Tanaxmad, mosamarTle uflebamosilia arasapatimro
sasjelTan erTad mas daakisros arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kodeqsis 45-e mux-
liT gaTvaliswinebuli erTi an ramdenime movaleoba. magaliTad:
a) specializebul saxelmwifo organos daxmarebiT saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebaSi
swavlis dawyeba an ganaxleba;
b) specializebuli saxelmwifo organos daxmarebiT muSaobis dawyeba;
g) saganmanaTleblo, aRmzrdelobiTi an/da samkurnalo programis gavla;
d) Tavisufali drois gansazRvruli formiT gamoyeneba;
e) sxva iseTi movaleoba, romelic xels Seuwyobs mis resocializacia-reabilitacias
da axali danaSaulis Tavidan acilebas.
am SemTxvevaSi dauSvebelia arasrulwlovnisTvis iseTi movaleobis dakisreba, rome-
lic didi albaTobiT ar Sesruldeba an romlis Sesruleba arasrulwlovnis gonebriv da
fizikur SesaZleblobebs aRemateba. swored amitom aris aucilebeli arasrulwlovnis
individualuri Sefasebis angariSis Seswavla saWiro, raTa kargad iqnes gamovlenili
TiToeuli arasrulwlovnis SesaZleblobebi.

13
sisxlis samarTlis aqtualuri sakiTxebi #1

sasamarTlo praqtikis analizi gviCvebs, rom individualur angariSTan dakavSirebiT

gvxvdeba gansxvavebuli SemTxvevebic.
magaliTad moviyvanoT sisxlis samarTlis saqme #1/313-16. mocemul SemTxvevaSi ram-
denjerme nasamarTlevma arasrulwlovanma kvlav Caidina saqarTvelos sisxlis samarT-
lis kodeqsis 177-e muxlis me-2 nawilis „a~ da „b~ da amave muxlis me-4 nawilis „g~ qvepun-
qtiT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSauli (qurdoba, sxvisi moZravi nivTis faruli daufleba
marTlsawinaaRmdego misakuTrebis mizniT, Cadenili sadgomSi an sxva sacavSi ukanono
SeRweviT, ramac mniSvnelovani ziani gamoiwvia imis mier, vinc orjer an metjer iyo na-
samarTlevi sxvisi nivTis marTlsawinaaRmdego misakuTrebisaTvis). saerTaSoriso stand-
artebiT gaTvaliswinebuli normebis miTiTebis Semdeg, sasamarTlo ganaCenSi msjelobs
arasrulwlovnisTvis Tavisuflebis aRkveTis gamoyenebis Taviseburebebze.
saqmeSi aseve mocemulia individualuri Sefasebis angariSi. kerZod, mosamarTle
yuradRebas amaxvilebs im garemoebaze, rom braldebuls bevri Tavisufali dro hqonda
da Rames saxlSi ar aTevda, TamaSobda azartul TamaSebs da ojaxis wevrebi arasrulw-
lovanTa reJimis sworad warmarTvas meTvalyureobas ver uwevdnen.
es yovelive iyo dazaralebulis mxridan danaSaulebrivi qcevis erT-erTi xelSem-
wyobi faqtori, Tumca, angariSSi moyvanili faqtebiT aseve dgindeba, rom arasrulwlo-
vanTa sareabilitacio dawesebulebaSi braldebuls hqonda ganviTarebisa da ganaTlebis
ufleba.
sainteresoa arasrulwlovanTaTvis vadiani Tavisuflebis aRkveTis Sefardebis
specifika saqarTvelos sasamarTlo praqtikis magaliTze.
moviyvanoT magaliTi. saqme #1/2526-15. daxurul sasamarTlo sxdomaze ganxilul
iqna sisxlis samarTlis saqme nasamarTlobis mqone piris mimarT, danaSauli gaTvalis-
winebuli ssk-is 177-e muxlis me-3 nawiliT (qurdoba, e.i. sxvisi moZravi faruli nivTis
daufleba marTlsawinaaRmdego misakuTrebis mizniT).
2015 wlis 3 maiss, daaxloebiT 14:30 saaTze, piri q. TbilisSi erT-erTi skveris mimde-
bare teritoriaze marTlsawinaaRmdego misakuTrebis mizniT farulad daeufla dazara-
lebulis kuTvnil 125 lars. sasjelis gansazRvrisas sasamarTlom mxedvelobaSi miiRo
bavSvis konvenciis 37-e muxlis „b~ q/punqtis moTxovnebi, romlis Tanaxmad „bavSvis dapa-
timreba, dakaveba an cixeSi moTavseba xorcieldeba kanonis Tanaxmad da ganixileba ro-
gorc mxolod ukiduresi zoma, rac SeiZleba naklebi periodis ganmavlobaSi. mocemul
sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze sasjelis daniSvnis dros miTiTebulia 53-e muxli. sasamarT-
lom mxedvelobaSi miiRo danaSaulis motivi da mizani, aseve qmedebis ganxorcielebis
saxe da xerxi.
mosamarTle msjelobs pasuxismgeblobis Semamsubuqebel da damamZimebel garemoe-
beze. kerZod, Semamsubuqebel garemoebad Tvlis piris mier danaSaulis Cadenas aras-
rulwlovnobis periodSi, xolo damamZimebel garemoebad imas, rom igi Tavs aridebda
sasamarTloSi gamocxadebas.
am garemoebebze dayrdnobiT sasamarTlom arasrulwlovans sasjelis saxed ganusaz-
Rvra Tavisuflebis aRkveTa 4 (oTxi) wlis vadiT, saqarTvelos kanonis _ arasrulwlo-
vanTa marTlmsajulebis kodeqsis 73-e muxlis me-3 nawilis safuZvelze daniSnuli
Tavisuflebis aRkveTis vada Seumcira ¼ da sasjelis saxed da zomad ganusazRvra Ta-
visuflebis aRkveTa 3 (sami) wlis vadiT. saqarTvelos sk-is 67-e muxlis safuZvelze
gauqmda Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa kolegiis 2014 wlis
4 ivlisis ganaCeniT daniSnuli pirobiTi msjavri;
saqarTvelos ssk-is 59-e muxlis me-5 nawilis safuZvelze axali ganaCeniT daniSnulma
sasjelma STanTqa wina ganaCeniT daniSnuli sasjelis mouxdeli nawili _ 9 (cxra) TviT

14
sasjelis Sefardebis zogadi sawyisebi saqarTvelos maia
arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kanonmdeblobis mixedviT ivaniZe

Tavisuflebis aRkveTa da sabolood ganaCenTa erTobliobiT pirs Seefarda 3 wliT Ta-

visuflebis aRkveTa.
Cven mier Seswavlili sasamarTlo praqtika gviCvenebs, rom Tavisuflebis aRkveTis
daniSvnisas sasamarTlo xSir SemTxvevaSi ar asabuTebs ra garemoebebze dayrdnobiT iqna
sasjelis saxed SerCeuli sasjelis es zoma.
mocemul SemTxvevaSi ar aris Seswavlili (yovel SemTxvevaSi ganaCenSi ar aris asaxu-
li) arasrulwlovnis individualuri angariSi, ar aris msjeloba imis Sesaxeb,Tu sasje-
lis ukidures saxed ratom iqna miCneuli Tavisuflebis aRkveTa.
Tumca gvxvdeba arasrulwlovanTa sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebi, sadac sasjelis saxed
vadiani Tavisuflebis aRkveTaa gansazRvruli, magram sasjelis am saxis SerCevisas mo-
samarTle argumentirebulad msjelobs misi SerCevisa da Sefardebis safuZvlebze.
magaliTad moviyvanoT samarTlis saqme #1/313-16.
arasrulwlovani sami wlis ganmavlobaSi oTxjer iqna gasamarTlebuli sakuTrebis
winaaRmdeg mimarTuli danaSaulis araerTi epizodis CadenisaTvis da oTxjerve masTan
gaformda saproceso SeTanxmeba SeRavaTian sasjelze. sasjelis moxdis periodSi is gaT-
avisuflda pirobiT vadamde adre, Tumca pirobiTi msjavris periodSi, man kvlav Caidina
axali sakuTrebis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli danaSauli, sasamarTlos msjelobis Tanaxmad,
miuTiTebs imaze, rom piris resocializacia jer kidev ar iyo momxdari. sainteresoa,
rom mocemuli sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze Seswavlilia individualuri Sefasebis angari-
Si, saidanac gamomdinare, sasamarTlosTvis naTeli gaxda is garemoebebi, rac bral-
debulis deliqventur qcevas iwvevda. is Rames saxlSi ar aTevda, TamaSobda azartul
TamaSebs da ojaxis wevrebi ver uwevdnen meTvalyureobas arasrulwlovnis dRis reJimis
sworad warmarTvas.
es yovelive iyo braldebulis mxridan gamovlenili danaSaulebrivi qcevis xelSem-
wyobi faqtori. Tumca iqve aRniSnulia, rom moyvanili faqtebi mianiSnebs da ganaTlebis
miRebis SesaZlebloba. sasamarTlom aseve ganmarta, rom saxelmwifo organoebis mxridan
braldebulis mimarT gamovlenilma loialurma damokidebulebam ver uzrunvelyo misi
gamosworeba da man mainc ar Sewyvita danaSaulebrivi saqmianoba. aqedan gamomdinare, mis
mimarT wardgenili braldeba dakvlificirda ssk-is 177-e muxlis me-2 nawilis „a~ da „b~
qvepunqtebiT da amave muxlis „g~ qvepunqtiT, rac sasjelis saxed 6-dan 10 wlamde Tavi-
suflebis aRkveTas iTvaliswinebs.
aRniSnul argumentebsa da msjelobaze dayrdnobiT sasamarTlom arasrulwlovans
sasjelis saxed da zomad 6 weli sapatimro sasjeli dauniSna, rac saqarTvelos ssk-is
73-e muxlis me-3 nawilis safuZvelze pirs ¼-iT Seumcirda da saboloo sasjelis saxed
da zomad 4(oTxi) wlisa da 6(eqvsi) Tvis vadiT Tavisuflebis aRkveTa ganesazRvra.
gavecnoT arasrulwlovanisTvis vadiani Tavisuflebis daniSvnis Teoriul safuZv-
lebs.
arasrulwlovans vadiani Tavisuflebis aRkveTa SeiZleba daeniSnos, Tu man mZime an
gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSauli Caidina an is Tavs aridebs arasapatimro sasjels anda mis
mimarT warsulSi gamamtyunebeli ganaCeni iqna gamotanili.
profesori nona Todua yuradRebas amaxvilebs TiToeul SemTxvevaze cal-calke.
kerZod, arasrulwlovanma Caidina „mZime an gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSauli.~ arasrulw-
lovnis mier Cadenili danaSauli SesaZlebelia iyos ara marto ganzraxi, aramed gaufrTx-
ilebelic. mas mohyavs avtoavariis SemTxveva, roca saWes arasrulwlovani marTavda da
moZraobis usafrTxoebis wesebis darRvevis gamo ori moqalaqe miyenebuli travmisagan
adgilzeve gardaicvala. am SemTxvevaSi gaufrTxileblobiT aris Cadenili mZime katego-
riis danaSauli.

15
sisxlis samarTlis aqtualuri sakiTxebi #1

naklebad mZime ganzraxi danaSaulis SemTxvevaSi Tavisuflebis aRkveTa arasrulwlo-

vanTaTvis dauSvebelia.18 gansaxilvel sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT ismis kiTxva: ra wesiT da
ra saxiT SeiZleba daniSnos sasamarTlom arasrulwlovnis mimarT sasjeli, Tuki ssk-is
kerZo nawilis Sesabamisi muxliT dawesebulia mxolod Tavisuflebis aRkveTa da sxva
alternatiuli sasjelebi dawesebuli ar aris?
xom ar SeiZleba am SemTxvevaSi arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kodeqsis 76-e
muxlis gamoyeneba? mas kidev Tavisi danawesi aqvs. aseve SeiZleba
1. germanuli gamocdilebis gaziareba da gamamtyunebeli ganaCenis gamotana sasjelis
daniSvnis gareSe.
2. SesaZlebelia sxva sasjelis daniSvna arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kodeq-
sis 66-e muxlSi mocemuli sasjelTa sistemidan;
3. an sasjelis saxiT SeiZleba dainiSnos Sinapatimroba.
14-dan 16 wlamde arasrulwlovnisTvis daniSnuli Tavisuflebis aRkveTis vada 1/3
-iT mcirdeba. amasTanave, saboloo vada ar unda aRematebodes 10 wels.
16 -dan 18 wlamde arasrulwlovnisTvis daniSnuli Tavisuflebis aRkveTis vada ¼-iT
mcirdeba. saboloo sasjelis vada ar unda aRematebodes 12 wels.
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 88-e muxli arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsa-
julebis kodeqsis miRebamde swored amgvari saxis SeRavaTebs iTvaliswinebda. miuxe-
davad amisa, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, wlebis ganmavlobaSi arasrulwlovanTa saqmeebze
sasjelis saxed Tavisuflebis aRkveTis Sefardebisas kritika Zalzed mwvave iyo.
arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kodeqsis me-9 muxli _ patimrobas, rogorc
ukidures RonisZiebas ganixilavs. is rac SeiZleba mokle vadiT da regularuli gadasin-
jvis pirobiT unda iqnes gamoyenebuli. dauSvebelia arasrulwlovnisTvis Tavisuflebis
SezRudva, Tu kanoniT gansazRvruli miznis miRweva ufro msubuqi zomis gamoyenebiT
aris SesaZlebeli.
Sedarebis TvalsazrisiT, arasrulwlovanTaTvis Tavisuflebis aRkveTis Sefardebis
kuTxiT saintersoa ucxo qveynis kanonmdeblobis analizi.
germaniaSi arasrulwlovanTa Tavisuflebis aRkveTis minimaluri zRvari _ §18 1-li
abzacis 1-li winadadebis mixedviT moicavs eqvs Tves, maqsimaluri _ 5 wels.
_ §18 1-li abzacis me-2 winadadebis mixedviT Tavisuflebis aRkveTis maqsimaluri
zRvari SesaZlebelia gaizardos aT wlamde. Tu saqme im danaSauls exeba, romlisTvisac
zrdasrulTa sisxlis samarTalSi aT welze xangrZlivi Tavisuflebis aRkveTa dainiSne-
boda. am danaSaulebs miekuTvneba mkvleloba, mkvleloba damamZimebel garemoebebSi da
SedegiT kvalificirebuli deliqtebi.
_ 18-dan 21 wlamde axalgazrdebisTvisac, Tu isini socialurad moumwifebelni ari-
an(mozrdilebi), Tavisuflebis aRkveTis zeda zRvari 10 wels Seadgens. sasjelis daniS-
vnisas yuradReba ar eqceva im faqts, rom msgavsi danaSaulisaTvis zrdasrul samarTal-
damrRvevs Tavisuflebis aRkveTa 10 welze meti vadiT daeniSneboda.19
germaniaSi kanoni arasrulwlovanTa mimarT Semdegi saxis sanqciebs gamoiyenebs: aRmz-
rdelobiTi xasiaTis iZulebiTi RonisZiebani, gamasworebeli RonisZiebani (Zuchtmittel) da
arasrulwlovnis sasjeli-Tavisuflebis aRkveTa (Jugenstrafe).
arasrulwlovanTa mimarT gamoyenebul sanqciaTa Soris yvelaze mkacria arasrulw-
lovanTa Tavisuflebis aRkveTaa. germanuli kanonmdeblobis mixedviT igi or SemTxveva-
Si SeiZleba dainiSnos:

18
n. Todua, arasrulwlovanTa sasjelis daniSvnis zogierTi sadavo sakiTxi. wignSi „arasrulwlovanTa
kanonmdeblobis analizi da sasamarTlo praqtika“, gamomcemloba „meridiani“, 2017, gv. 91.
19
Laubentah/Nestler, Jugendstrafrecht, S. 326

16
sasjelis Sefardebis zogadi sawyisebi saqarTvelos maia
arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kanonmdeblobis mixedviT ivaniZe

1) maSin, rodesac arasrulwlovans mavne Cvevebi axasiaTebs;

2) maSin, rodesac bralis simZime sasjelis saWiroebaze miuTiTebs;
rac Seexeba gamasworebel RonisZiebebs, es aris gafrTxileba, valdebulebis dakis-
reba da arasrulwlovnis Tavisuflebis SezRudva, romelic arasrulwlovnis mier Cade-
nili qmedebis proporciuli unda iyos.
rac Seexeba aRmzrdelobiTi xasiaTis iZulebiT RonisZiebebs _ sasamarTlos SeuZlia
arasrulwlovans misces miTiTeba misi adgilsamyofelis Sesaxeb, daavaldebulos, rom
man icxovros gansazRvrul ojaxSi an TavSesafarSi, daiwyos swavla an muSaoba, Seasru-
los raime samuSao, gadasces igi sazedamxedvelod meTvalyures, monawileoba miiRos
socialuri varjiSis kursSi, mourigdes dazaralebuls da izrunos misTvis miyenebuli
zaralis anazRaurebaze, monawileoba miiRos avtomanqanis marTvis kursSi.
sasamarTlos paragrafi 12-is mixedviT SeuZlia arasrulwlovani sacxovreblad mi-
amagros sadReRamiso dawesebulebas an mas cxovrebis sxva iseTi forma mouZebnos, rom-
lis drosac igi vinmes meTvalyureobas daeqvemdebareba.
saqarTvelos kanonis _ arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kodeqsis TavSi _ zoga-
di principebi, kerZod, me-9 muxlSi _ patimroba ganxilulia, rogorc ukiduresi zoma. am
muxlis Tanaxmad, dauSvebelia arasrulwlovanTaTvis Tavisuflebis SezRudva, Tu kano-
niT gansazRvruli miznis miRweva ufro msubuqi zomis miRweviT aris SesaZlebeli. aras-
rulwlovnis dakaveba da dapatimreba, misTvis Tavisuflebis SezRudva da Tavisuflebis
aRkveTa dasaSvebia mxolod rogorc ukiduresi RonisZieba, romelic SeZlebisdagvarad
mokle vadiT da regularuli gadasinjvis pirobiT unda iqnes gamoyenebuli.
arasrulwlovanTa sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebze wlebis ganmavlobaSi, rogorc ukve
aRvniSneT, kritika mwvave iyo. gansakuTrebiT sapatimro sasjelsa da mis zomebTan dakav-
SirebiT. amis mizezi sxvadasxva garemoeba gaxldaT:
a) arasrulwlovanTa mier Cadenili danaSaulTa simravle, maTi Zaladobrivi xasiaTi;
cota ram Cveni qveynis uaxlesi warsulidan arasrulwlovanTa danaSaulisa da aras-
rulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis Sesaxeb. faqtia, rom wlebis ganmavlobaSi arasrulw-
lovanTa mier Cadenili danaSaulis didi nawili agresiiT, sisastikiTa da ZaladobiT
xasiaTdeboda. swored amitom daviwyeT mocemuli sakiTxis ganxilva uaxloesi istoriiT.
1990-ian wlebSi Cvens qveyanaSi sxvadasxva formiT gamovlenil Zaladobas hqonda adgili.
mimdinare zogadsocialurma movlenebma calkeul ojaxebSic pova asaxva. Sedegad ki am
yvelafriT dazaralebuli bavSvebi miviReT.
eseni iyvnen saqarTveloSi Zaladobis wlebSi dabadebuli da aRzrdili bavSvebi,
roca agresiisa da sisastikis riski maRali gaxldaT. saxeze gvqonda arasrulwlovanTa
mier erTi da imave xelweriT Cadenili Zaladobrivi danaSauli, romelic arasrulwlo-
vans damoukideblad an jgufTan erTad hqonda Cadenili. es iyo poker-klubebis daya-
CaReba, taqsis mZRolebis gataceba, pirovnebisa da sakuTrebis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli
danaSaulebi.20
b) mwvave kritikis sapasuxod saWiro iyo am movlenebis gamomwvevi mizezebis Seswavla.
arasrulwlovanTa danaSauli xom gardatexis asakSi iyo Cadenili da garda iuristebisa,
sxvadasxva dargis specialistTa (fsiqologebis, sociologebis, biologebisa da pedago-
gebis) gansjis sagani unda yofiliyo. mozardis mimarT ganxorcielebul agresias, kon-
fliqtebs, sisastikes xom gamousworebel Sedegebamde mivyavarT.
xSirad mifiqria arasrulwlovani damnaSavis garemoze _ yovel konkretul SemTx-
vevaSi ra iyo axalgazrda adamianis mxridan danaSaulis Cadenis mizezi. rogoradac ar

20
m. ivaniZe, arasrulwlovani da misi saukeTeso interesebi, naSromSi arasrulwlovanTa kanonmdeblobis
analizi da sasamarTlo praqtika, Tb., 2017, gv. 15.

17
sisxlis samarTlis aqtualuri sakiTxebi #1

unda CavuRrmavdeT, faqti saxezea _ arasrulwlovani marTlmsajulebis winaSe wardga.

magondeba norvegieli kolegebis rCeva. arasrulwlovnis mimarT sasjelis daniSvnaze
msjelobisas _ gadawyvetilebaSi vrclad agvesaxa is garemoebebi, travmebi, konfliqte-
bi, ramac arasrulwlovani konkretuli danaSaulis Cadenamde miiyvana. (vTqvaT, deda
adre gardaecvala, erTi mSobeli zrdis, mama narkomania da a.S.)
g)kidev erTi faqtori _ mediis araswori roli arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis
procesSi. magaliTad, erTi romelime arasrulwlovnis bediT daintereseba, ra drosac
Cndeba kiTxva, ram gamoiwvia konkretuli arasrulwlovnis gamoyofa da misi saqmis sa-
jarod ganxilva. aseTi stigmatizacia xom Tavad arasrulwlovnis momavals vnebs. (misi
piradi cxovrebisa da saqmianobis sajarod ganxilva).
d)kritikis safuZvels iZleoda Tavad sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdebloba, romelic
istoriuli ierarqiiT mokled mimovixileT. mTavari postulati _ Tavisuflebis aRkveTa
ukiduresi zoma _ yvelasaTvis misaRebi iyo da aris, magram ra berkets iZleoda kanon-
mdebloba, es dasafiqrebeli gaxldaT. imis aRniSvna, rom kanonmdebloba iyo dasaxvewi da
Sesacvleli, iSviaTad xdeboda.
axalma arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kodeqsma am kuTxiT bevri ram Secvala.
sainteresoa ra miviReT am siaxliT. moviSvelioT arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis
kodeqsis 76-e muxli. mosamarTle uflebamosilia arasrulwlovans dauniSnos kanoniT
gaTvaliswinebul zRvarze naklebi an sxva, ufro msubuqi sasjeli, Tu mis mimarT war-
sulSi gamamtyunebli ganaCeni gamotanili ar yofila da arsebobs Semamsubuqebel da
damamaZimebel garemoebaTa erToblioba, ris gamoc mizanSewonilia kanoniT gaTvalis-
winebulze ufro msubuqi sasjelis daniSvna.
Tu adre (amk-is 76-e muxlis SemoRebamde) mosamarTles ufleba ar hqonda daeniSna
kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul sasjelis zomaze ufro naklebi an ufro msubuqi sasjeli, Tu
mxareebs Soris saproceso SeTanxmeba ar iyo gaformebuli, axla mosamarTles SeuZlia
sakuTari SexedulebiTa da arasrulwlovanTa WeSmariti interesis gaTvaliswinebiT,
SearCios sasjelis is forma da zoma, romelic mozardis resocializacia-reabilitacias
uzrunvelyofs.
profesor moris SalikaSvilis SexedulebiT, amk-is 76-e muxlis Canaweri nasamarTlo-
bis am recidivis gamo msjavrdebulis uaryofiT mdgomareobaSi Cayenebis msgavsia.Tumca
am SemTxvevaSi kanonmdebeli saubrobs ara nasamarTlobis mqone pirze, aramed arasrul-
wlovanze, romlis mimarTac odesRac, warsulSi gamamtyunebeli ganaCeni iqna gamotani-
li...kanonmdebeli mkacrad ganusazRvravs mosamarTles kriteriums da ar aZlevs imis
saSualebas,rom Tavad gadawyvitos sakiTxi braleulobis principidan gamomdinare, anu
mozards Cadenil qmedebaSi sakuTari braleulobisa da pirovnebis mixedviT SeurCios
sasjeli.21
kanonmdeblobis am saSeRavaTo garemoebiT isargebla mosamarTlem, sisxlis samarT-
lis saqme #1/2469-16 da arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kodeqsis 76-e muxli gamoi-
yena. man mocemul SemTxvevaSi arasrulwlovans 6 (eqvsi) Tvis vadiT Tavisuflebis aRkve-
Ta ganusazRvra. saqme exeboda sicocxlis mospobis muqaras danis gamoyenebiT. kerZod,
13 laris fuladi Tanxis gatacebas.
mocemul SemTxvevaSi, braldebulis asaki Seadgenda 16 wels, Tumca gansaxilvel
SemTxvevaSi, sasamarTlom arasrulwlovnis saukeTeso interesisa da prioritetulobis
gaTvaliswinebiT, mxedvelobaSi miiRo samedicino eqspertizis daskvna,romlis Tanaxmad
piris asaki Seesabameboda 15 wels.

21
m. SalikaSvili, „SeniSvnebi arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kodeqsTan dakavSirebiT“, kriminologiis
Jurnali #1(2016), daviT batoniSvilis samarTlis institutis gamomcemloba. gv. 75.

18
sasjelis Sefardebis zogadi sawyisebi saqarTvelos maia
arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kanonmdeblobis mixedviT ivaniZe

individualuri angariSis Seswavlis safuZvelze, sasamarTlom imsjela imis Taobaze,

rom pirs ar hyavda ojaxi. misi sacxovrebeli adgili mudmivad icvleboda, igi quCaSi
vaWrobiT iyo dakavebuli. sasamarTlom miiCnia, rom arasapatimro sasjelis gamoyenebis
SemTxvevaSi piri ver Seasrulebda masze kanoniT dakisrebul movaleobas. mosamarTlis
msjelobis Tanaxmad, nasamarTlobis arqonis faqti ver wonis bavSvis mimarT sapatimro
sasjelis gamoyenebis nakleb prioritetulobis princips. arasrulwlovanma dakavebi-
sTanave aRiara danaSauli.
sasamarTlom sasjelis daniSvnisas Semdeg garemoebebze gaamaxvila yuradReba.
1) arasrulwlovani moqmedebda danis gamoyenebiT da dazaralebulis sicocxlis mo-
spobis muqariT;
2) mniSvnelovania Tavad qmedebis mimarT arasrulwlovnis damokidebuleba;
3) sasamarTlom gaiTvaliswina arasrulwlovnis sacxovrebeli garemos arastabilu-
ri xasiaTi;
4) konkretul sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze sainteresoa mosamarTlis msjeloba sas-
jelis saxesTan dakavSirebiT. igi xazs usvams im garemoebas, rom msjavrdebulis mimarT
SerCeuli yoveli sasjelis gamoyeneba praqtikaSi sicocxlisunariani unda iyos.
mocemul garemoebebze dayrdnobiT, sasamarTlom arasrulwlovans kanoniT gaTvalis-
winebul zRvarze naklebi sasjeli _ 6 Tvis vadiT Tavisuflebis aRkveTa dauniSna. man es
sasjeli sicocxlisunarianad miiCnia (179-e muxlis 1-li nawili iTvaliswinebs Tavisu-
flebis aRkveTas 5-dan 7 wlamde vadiT):
arasapatimro RonisZiebaTa gamoyenebis gaeros standartuli minimaluri wesebis
(tokios wesebi) Tanaxmad, yvela qveyanaSi es wesebi unda ganxorcieldes TiToeuli qvey-
nis politikuri, ekonomikuri, socialuri da kulturuli pirobebis, qveynis sisxlis
samarTlis sistemis miznebisa da amocanebis gaTvaliswinebiT.
Cvens qveyanaSi sisxlis samarTlis liberaluri politikidan gamomdinare, arasrulw-
lovanTa marTlmsajulebis kodeqsma axali liberaluri xedvebi SemogvTavaza, maT Soris
sasjelebis garSemo.
sisxlis samarTlis saqme #1/3251-16 sainteresoa rogorc arasrulwlovnisaTvis
arasapatimro sasjelis daniSvnis TvalsazrisiT, aseve arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsaju-
lebis kodeqsis 76-e muxlis gamoyenebis kuTxiT. mocemul SemTxvevaSi arasrulwlovns
bralad edeboda adamianis fizikuri da fsiqikuri iZuleba, Seesrulebina moqmedeba,
romlis ganxorcieleba mis uflebas warmoadgenda. sasamarTlom sasjelis daniSvnisas
miuTiTa saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 53-e muxlze, rac ar aris marTebuli,
ramdenadac arasrulwlovnTa marTlmsajulebis kodeqsi calke iTvaliswinebs sasjelis
daniSvnis zogad sawyisebs. ganaCenSi mosamarTle ar msjelobs konkretul situaciaSi
bavSvis saukeTeso interesze, mis individualuri Sefasebis angariSze. mxolod bavSvis
uflebaTa konvencias moixseniebs da am garemoebebze dayrdnobiT, amk-is 76-e muxlis
gamoyenebiT. 7 (Svidi) Tvis vadiT Sinapatimrobas iyenebs. sasjelis saxisa da zomis Ser-
Cevisas mosamarTle ar msjelobs ra garemoebebze dayrdnobiT gamoiyena 76-e muxli da
arc am muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli saSeRavaTo garemoebebi ikveTeba.
saqarTvelos arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kodeqsis Tanaxmad, arasrulwlo-
vans Sinapatimroba eniSneba 6 Tvidan 1 wlamde vadiT naklebad mZime danaSaulis Cadenis
SemTxvevaSi. misma aRsrulebam ki xeli ar unda SeuSalos anazRaurebadi samuSaos Ses-
rulebas an swavlis process. germaniaSi 1.1.2011 kanoniT (kanoni prevenciuli patimrobis
Sesaxeb) samarTlebrivad miRebulia termini „adgilsamyofelis eleqtronuli zedamxed-
veloba~, rac am mowyobilobis gamoyenebis dRevandel praqtikas srulad Seesabameba.
igi moicavs ara mxolod Sinapatimrobis valdebulebebis Semowmebis, aramed akrZalul

19
sisxlis samarTlis aqtualuri sakiTxebi #1

adgilebTan miaxloebis (potenciuri msxverplis adgilsamyofeli) SesaZleblobebs.

Sinapatimrobis daniSvnasTan dakavSirebiT gvsurs moviyvanoT erT-erTi magaliTi
saqarTvelos sasamarTlo praqtikidan. miRebuli gadawyvetilebiT ramdenad iyo daculi
arasrulwlovnis saukeTeso interesi, msjelobis sagania.
saqme #3-165-16. braldebis Tanaxmad, arasrulwlovani metalis sagnis gamoyenebiT,
swrafi Caricxvis aparatidan, farulad, marTlsawinaaRmdego misakuTrebis mizniT, daeu-
fla fulad Tanxas 3 lars. pirveli instanciis sasamarTlom arasrulwlovani udanaSau-
lod cno. kerZod, qmedeba, romlis ganxorcielebac bralad edeboda arasrulwlovans
formalurad Seicavda danaSaulis niSnebs. pirveli instanciis mosamarTlem gamoiyena
ssk-is me-7 muxlis me-2 nawili da imsjela, rom aRniSnul qmedebas ar gamouwvevia iseTi
ziani, romelic aucilebels gaxdida arasrulwlovnis pasuxismgeblobas.
Tbilisis saapelacio sasamarTlom arasrulwlovans sasjelis saxed da zomad 6 Tvis
vadiT Sinapatimroba Seufarda. igi daeyrdno im msjelobas, rom arasrulwlovans amoZ-
ravebda sxvisi nivTis da ara konkretulad 3 laris dauflebis ganzraxva. mocemul SemTx-
vevaSi piris dasja ssk-is 1-li nawiliT da misTvis sasjelis zomad Sinapatimrobis daniS-
vna, ramdenad iTvaliswinebda arasrulwlovnis saukeTeso interess _ msjelobis sagania.
zogjer arasrulwlovanTa mxridan adgili aqvs SinapatimrobisaTvis Tavis aridebas. am
mxriv sainteresoa erT-erTi saqme saqarTvelos sasamarTlo praqtikidan. rusTavis saqa-
laqo sasamarTlos 2016 wlis 2 Tebervlis ganaCeniT arasrulwlovan a.m-s saqarTvelos
sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 177-e muxlis me-2 nawilis „a~ da „b~ qvepunqtebiT gaTvalis-
winebuli danasaulis CadenisaTvis sasjelis saxed da zomad ganesazRvra Sinapatimroba 6
(eqvsi) Tvis vadiT. mas daekisra sacxovrebel adgilas yofnis valdebuleba 24:00 saaTidan
07:00 saaTamde. manve daniSnuli sasjelis Sewyvetis mizniT daaziana samajuri, romelic
Semowmebis Sedegad aRmoCnda msjavrdebulis sacxovrebel misamarTze. aRniSnulis gamo
arasrulwlovans daniSnuli sasjeli Seecvala Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT 6 Tvis vadiT.22
arasapatimro RonisZiebaTa gamoyenebis gaeros standartuli minimaluri wesebis
(tokios wesebi)23 Tanaxmad, arasapatimro zomis SerCeva unda efuZnebodes dawesebuli
kriteriumebis Sefasebas danaSaulis xasiaTisa da simZimis, damnaSavis pirovnebis, warsu-
lis, sasjelis miznisa da dazaralebulis uflebebis gaTvaliswinebiT.
vfiqrobT, yovel sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze mkafiod unda Candes sasjelis daniSvnis
safuZvlebi, rac momavalSi arasrulwlovnis resocializacia-reabilitacias uzrunve-
lyofs.
SevexoT kidev erT arasapatimro RonisZiebis _ sazogadoebisaTvis sasargeblo Sromis
daniSvnis Taviseburebas.
2016 wlis Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos sisxlis samarTlis saqme #1/5708-15 gad-
awyvetilebiT, nasamarTlobis armqone pirs, romelic registrirebuli iyo TbilisSi,
brali daedo saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 178-e muxlis me-2 nawilis „a~
da me-3 nawilis „a~ qvepunqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulis CadenaSi (sxvisi moZravi
nivTis aSkara daufleba marTlsawinaaRmdego misakuTrebis mizniT, ramac mniSvnelovani
ziani gamoiwvia, Cadenili winaswari SeTanxmebiT jgufis mier).
arasrulwlovani marTlsawinaaRmdegod daeufla 600 larad Rirebul kuTvnil saaTs,
riTac dazaralebuls miayena mniSvnelovani materialuri ziani.
mocemul sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze pasuxismgeblobis Semamsubuqebel garemoebas
warmoadgens is faqti, rom arasrulwlovani aRiarebs da gulwrfelad inaniebs Cadenil
22
i. varZelaSvili, arasrulwlovnis mimarT sasjelis daniSvna (sasamarTlo praqtikis analizi), wignSi `ara-
srulwlovanTa kanonmdeblobis analizi da sasamarTlo praqtika~; gamomcemloba „meridiani“, Tb., 2017,
gv. 148.
23
miRebuli gaeros asambleis 1990 wlis 14 dekembris #45/110 rezoluciiT.

20
sasjelis Sefardebis zogadi sawyisebi saqarTvelos maia
arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kanonmdeblobis mixedviT ivaniZe

danaSauls, pasuxismgeblobis damamZimebeli garemoeba ar gaaCnia.

gadawyvetilebaSi mosamarTle iTvaliswinebs bavSvis saukeTeso interess da mis in-
dividualur Sefasebis angariSze dayrdnobiT mizanSewonilad miiCnevs arasrulwlovni-
saTvis arasapatimro sasjelis Sefardebas. mosamarTle msjelobs, rom braldebuli
gamoxatavs sinanuls mis mier ganxorcielebuli qmedebisadmi, iziarebs qmedebaze pa-
suxismgeblobis Sedegebs. amasTan, sasamarTlos azriT, konkretul sisxlis samarTlis
saqmeze yvela garemoeba arsebobs, rom gamoyenebuli iyos arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsa-
julebis kodeqsis 76-e muxli.
mosamarTle aqve msjelobs, rom arasapatimro sasjelis daniSvnis SemTxvevaSi, pro-
baciis erovnuli saagentos sareabilitacio programebis daniSvnis SemTxvevaSi, proba-
ciis erovnuli saagentos sareabilitacio programebis sammarTvelo gaatarebs Sesabam-
is RonisZiebebs, dazaralebulis mimarT empatiis gaRvivebisa da stresTan gamklavebis
unarebis gaZlierebisaTvis. am msjelobaze dayrdnobiT sasamarTlom arasrulwlovans
sabolood dauniSna 160 saaTis vadiT sazogadoebisTvis sasargeblo Sroma.
saqarTvelos arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kodeqsis 71-e muxlis Tanaxmad,
arasrulwlovans sazogadoebisaTvis sasargeblo Sroma eniSneba 40-dan 300 saaTamde va-
diT.
amasTan, arasrulwlovans sazogadoebrivad sasargeblo Sroma ise unda daeniSnos,
rom misma aRsrulebam xeli ar SeuSalos anazRaurebadi samuSaos Sesrulebas an swav-
lis process. amave kodeqsis 71-e muxlis Tanaxmad, Tavisuflebis aRkveTis sazogadoebi-
saTvis sasargeblo SromiT Secvlis an mxareTa Soris saproceso SeTanxmebis arsebobis
SemTxvevaSi sazogadoebisaTvis sasargeblo Sromis Secvla SeiZleba ufro naklebi vadi-
Tac dainiSnos.
sazogadoebrivad sasargeblo Sroma germaniaSi sasjelis saxe ki ara, arasapatimro
sasjelebTan dakavSirebuli valdebulebaa, amitomac germaniis sisxlis samarTlis lite-
raturaSi mimdinareobs diskusia misi sasjelad SemoRebis SesaZleblobebTan dakavSire-
biT.24
gasaTvaliswinebelia aseve Sveicariis magaliTic, sadac sazogadoebrivad sasarge-
blo Sromis sisxlissamarTlebriv sanqciad Camoyalibebam misi gamoyenebis statistika
gaauaresa.25
mokled SevexebiT arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebisas saproce-
so SeTanxmebis gaformebis Taviseburebebs. Cven mier Seswavlil iqna arasrulwlovanTa
sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebi, saidanac nawilze gaformebulia saproceso SeTanxmeba. igi
dadebulia rogorc pirovnebis winaaRmdeg mimarTul qmedebebze, aseve sakuTrebis wi-
naaRmdeg mimarTul danaSaulebze, narkotikuli danaSaulis ukanono SeZena da Senaxvis
faqtze, sapatimro dawesebulebaSi Cadenil danaSaulebze.
arasrulwlovanTa sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebze, saproceso SeTanxmebisas sasjelis
saxed vadiani Tavisuflebis aRkveTis garda, vxvdebiT pirobiT sasjelsac.
Cven veTanxmebiT baton moris SalikaSvilis mosazrebas imis Taobaze, rom saproce-
so instituti ar unda iqnes gamoyenebuli arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis ganxor-
cielebisas. argumenti imis Taobaze, rom saproceso SeTanxmeba swraf marTlmsajule-
bas uzrunvelyofs, ar aris misaRebi, radgan swrafi marTlmsajulebis pirobebSic ki
mozardis WeSmariti interesi maqsimalurad unda iqnes gaTvaliswinebuli. saproceso
SeTanxmebis nacvlad farTod unda iqnes gamoyenebuli swrafi da efeqturi aRdgeniTi

24
q. mWedliSvili-hedrixi, sapatimro sasjelebis alternativa sazRvargareTis qveynebSi, sisxlis samarTli
kanonmdeblobis liberalizaciis tendenciebi saqarTveloSi, gamomcemloba „meridiani“ Tb., 2016, gv. 695.
25
iqve. Sveicariis statistika sazogadoebrivad sasargeblo Sromis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb, gv. 694.

21
sisxlis samarTlis aqtualuri sakiTxebi #1

marTlmsajulebis sxva institutebi.

arasrulwlovanTa sasjelis daniSvnis Taviseburebebze SegviZlia Semajamebeli saxis
Semdegi rekomendaciebi warmovadginoT:
_ saqarTveloSi dRes arsebuli liberaluri politika, arasrulwlovanTa marTlm-
sajulebis procesSi, xazs usvams yvelaze msubuqi saSualebisa da alternatiuli zome-
bis prioritetulobas. vadiani Tavisuflebis gamoyeneba unda moxdes mxolod ukidures
SemTxvevaSi. Tumca alternatiuli sasjelis SerCevisas daculi unda iyos arasrul-
wlovnisadmi individualuri midgomisa da Tanazomierebis principi. aseve gaTvalis-
winebuli unda iyos cneba _ kargia sasjeli, romelic amcirebs recidivid risks. aras-
rulwlovanisTvis sasjelis daniSvnisas gaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos sasjelis miznebi.26
_ ar SeiZleba sazogadoebis, sainformacio saSualebebis yuradReba mizanmimarulad
mxolod erTi romelime mozardis qmedebas an mis mimarT SerCeul sasjelis saxes daeT-
mos. es ewinaaRmdegeba bavSvis piradi cxovrebis daculobis princips.
_ wlebis ganmavlobaSi arasrulwlovanTaTvis daniSnuli sasjelis Sesaxeb sasamarT-
los kritika didi iyo. axalma kanonmdeblobam bevri ram Secvala, Tumca midgomebi erTi
unda iyos, ramdenadac arasrulwlovanTa danaSauli TaviseburebiT gamoirCeva _ is gar-
datexis asakSia Cadenili. sazogadoebis interess ara marto arasrulwlovanTaTvis gan-
sazRvruli sasjelis saxe da zoma unda iwvevdes, aramed maT mier ganxorcielebuli
qmedebis Sinaarsi da xasiaTi. sazogadoebis TiToeuli wevris mizani arasrulwlovanTa
danaSaulis Semcireba unda iyos.
_ arasrulwlovanTa saqmis ganmxilveli mosamarTle kargad unda erkveodes aras-
rulwlovanaTa fsiqologiaSi da yovel konkretul saqmeze gadawyvetilebis miRebisas
arasrulwlovnis asakTan erTad misi individualuri maxasiaTeblebi: mozardis ganvi-
Tarebis done, cxovrebis pirobebi, aRzrda da ganaTleba, janmrTelobis mdgomareoba,
unda miiRos mxedvelobaSi.

26
m. ivaniZe (Tanaavtori), `arasrulwlovanTa kanonmdeblobis analizi da sasamarTlo praqtika~. gamomcem-
loba „meridiani“, Tb., 2017, gv. 40.

22
 arasrulwlovnis dakiTxvis Tavisebureba
nino gogniaSvili
samarTlis doqtori,
Sss akademiis asocirebuli profesori,
iv. javaxiSvilis sax. Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis asist. profesori

arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajuleba bavSvTa uflebebis dacvis sferoSi umniSvnelo-

vanesi funqciis matarebelia da igi specifikur midgomas saWiroebs. msoflios TiTqmis
yvela progresul sakanonmdeblo Teoriasa da praqtikaSi swored aRniSnuli faqtori-
dan gamomdinare Camoyalibda gansakuTrebuli midgoma arasrulwlovnebTan mimarTebaSi,
gansakuTrebiT ki arasrulwlovan damnaSaveebTan mimarTebaSi, romlis Tanaxmadac aras-
rulwlovani ufro msxverplad unda moiazrebodes, vidre damnaSaved. isini saWiroe-
ben dacvas, zrunvasa da reintegracias. amitomac saerTaSoriso dokumentebSi ZiriTadi
aqcenti swored marTlmsajulebis calke sistemis Seqmnisa da specialuri sasamarT-
loebis, aseve gansakuTrebuli procedurebis SemuSavebis aucileblobaze keTdeba.1 Ta-
visi arsiT arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis sistema kompleqsuria da aerTianebs
sxvadasxva iseT samTavrobo struqturas, saagentos, uwyebas, organizaciasa da dawe-
sebulebas, rogoricaa policia, prokuratura, advokatura, sasamarTlo, socialuri
uzrunvelyofis saagentoebi, saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebi, probaciis samsaxurebi,
sasjelaRsrulebiTi dawesebulebebi da sxva.
arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebasTan dakavSirebuli standartebi dadgenil-
ia oTxi ZiriTadi dokumentiT: `gaeros saxelmZRvanelo principebi arasrulwlovanTa
Soris danaSaulis prevenciis Sesaxeb~, `gaeros standartuli minimaluri wesebi aras-
rulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis administrirebis Sesaxeb~, `gaeros wesebi Tavisufle-
baaRkveTili arasrulwlovnebis dasacavad~ da `saxelmZRvanelo principebi sisxlis
samarTlis sistemaSi bavSvebTan dakavSirebiT moqmedebis Sesaxeb~. miuxedavad imisa, rom
oTxive maTgani ZiriTadad sarekomendacio xasiaTs atarebs, maT mier dadgenilia mTeli
rigi debulebebi, romelTa gaTvaliswinebac arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis ganvi-
TarebaSi Zalian did rols TamaSobs. mTavar dokumentad ki gaeros 1989 wlis `konvencia
bavSvTa uflebebis Sesaxeb~ rCeba. gasuli wlebis ganmavlobaSi saqarTveloSi (romelic
zemoaRniSnul konvencias 1994 wels SeuerTda) araerTi warmatebuli nabiji iqna gadadg-
muli arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis saerTaSoriso standartebTan SesabamisobaSi
moyvanis TvalsazrisiT. am kuTxiT mniSvnelovania saqarTvelos parlamentis mier 2015
wlis 12 ivniss arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kodeqsis miReba, romlis ZiriTadi
nawili 2016 wlis 1 ianvridan amoqmedda. kodeqsma axleburi, gacilebiT liberaluri

1
bolo 100 wlis ganmavlobaSi iuvenaluri iusticiis sxvadasxva sistema ganviTarda TiTqmis mTel msoflio-
Si. pirveli sasamarTlo arasrulwlovanTa saqmeebze Camoyalibda 1899 wels amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi,
ilinoisis StatSi, CikagoSi, did britaneTSi (1908), ruseTSi (1910), safrangeTsa da belgiaSi (1912), es-
paneTSi (1918), niderlandebSi (1921), germaniasa (1922) da avstriaSi (1923). erTa ligis monacemebiT, aseTi
sasamarTloebi 1931 wlisTvis ukve msoflios 30 qveyanaSi moqmedebda.

23
sisxlis samarTlis aqtualuri sakiTxebi #1

midgoma SemogvTavaza2 da yvela is norma, romelic sisxlis samarTlis, sisxlis samar-

Tlis saproceso kanonmdeblobasa da administraciul samarTaldarRvevaTa kodeqsSi
iyo mocemuli, sxvagvarad daaregulira. garda amisa, dRemde etapobrivad xdeba advoka-
turis, prokuraturis, sasamarTlosa da Sinagan saqmeTa saministros warmomadgenlebis
gadamzadeba specialuri programis Sesabamisad, vinaidan kanonmdeblobiT pirdapir aris
gansazRvruli, rom is piri, romelsac ar gaaCnia specialuri momzadeba, ar aqvs ufle-
bamosileba Tavisi saqmianoba am mimarTulebiT ganaxorcielos.3 miuxedavad aRniSnuli
garemoebebisa, mocemul sferoSi dRemde arsebobs araerTi mniSvnelovani problema, ro-
melTa gadaWrac kanonTan konfliqtSi myofi bavSvebis uflebebis efeqturi dacvisTvis
Zalian mniSvnelovania.
saWiroa problemis ufro siRrmiseuli kvleva da Sesabamisi midgomebis Camoyalibe-
ba. danaSaulis gamomwvevi mizezebi, cxovrebis, ganviTarebisa da im socialuri garemos
gaTvaliswineba, romelic arsebiT gavlenas axdens piris damnaSaved Camoyalibebaze. maT
Soris ki gansakuTrebuli adgili ojaxsa da skolas ukavia.4 gasaTvaliswinebelia aseve
yofa-cxovreba, qalaqi, raioni, sofeli da regionebisTvis damaxasiaTebeli Tavisebure-
bebi, vinaidan isini erTmaneTisagan garemos TvalsazrisiT mkveTrad gansxvavdebian da
aqedan gamomdinare, mocemul regionebSi aRzrdili bavSvebic gansxvavebuli moTxov-
nilebebisa da miswrafebebis matarebelni arian. es faqtorebi maqsimalurad unda iyos
gaTvaliswinebuli sagamoZiebo da sasamarTlo organoebis mxridan, gansakuTrebiT ki
dakiTxvis/gamokiTxvis etapze. vinaidan, danaSaulis gaxsna da saqmeze arsebuli gare-
moebebis dadgenis mniSvnelovani piroba calkeuli saxis sagamoZiebo moqmedebis Catare-
ba, maTi sworad dagegmva da ganxorcielebaa. arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis ko-
deqsis 52-e muxli gansazRvravs arasrulwlovnis gamokiTxvis/dakiTxvis wess, romlis
Tanaxmadac arasrulwlovnis dakiTxvis/gamokiTxvis dros moqmedebs saqarTvelos sisx-
lis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsiT dadgenili wesi (garda amave kodeqsis 332-e muxlis
debulebebisa). arasrulwlovnis dakiTxva misi kanonieri wamomadgenlisa da advokatis
TandaswrebiT tardeba. saWiroebisamebr, uzrunvelyofilia fsiqologis monawileobac.5
14 wlamde asakis piris dakiTxva SeiZleba Catardes kanonieri warmomadgenlis Tanxmobi-
Ta da TandaswrebiT. kanonier warmomadgenels ufleba aqvs, gamoTqvas Tavisi mosazreba

2
unda aRiniSnos, rom liberaluri midgoma arasrulwlovnebTan mimarTebaSi yovelTvis arsebobda TiTqmis
yvela qveynis kanonmdeblobaSi. mag., norvegiaSi, jer kidev XIII saukuneSi, sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi mi-
TiTebuli iyo, rom `ufrosebs qurdobisaTvis SeiZleba moaWran orive xeli, bavSvebs ki, mxolod erTi~.
arasrulwlovanTa danaSaulis administracia (saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba da saerTaSoriso samarTle-
brivi meqanizmebi), 2003, 6.
3
arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kodeqsi m.16 - arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis process awar-
moeben mxolod arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebaSi specializebuli pirebi, garda saqarTvelos sisxlis
samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 120-e muxlis me-8 nawiliT, 121-e muxlis me-2 nawiliTa da 171-e muxlis me-2
nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli SemTxvevebisa. Tu arasrulwlovnis mimarT saproceso moqmedeba araspeciali-
zebulma pirma ganaxorciela, man amis Sesaxeb dauyovnebliv unda acnobos arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsaju-
lebaSi specializebul pirs, romelmac unda ganagrZos procesi, xolo araspecializebuli piri dauyovne-
bliv unda CamoSordes arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis process.
aRniSnuls iTvaliswinebs pekinuri wesebic, kerZod, pekinuri wesebi mouwodebs saxelmwifoebs normati-
ul doneze moaxdinon samarTaldamcavi organoebis warmomadgenlebis kvalificireba, raTa maT gaiaron
bavSvebTan muSaobis specialuri da regularuli treiningebi da mxolod maT awarmoon bavSvTa gamokiTxva/
dakiTxva (pekinuri wesebi, wesi 12).
4
SalikaSvili m., miqanaZe g., arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajuleba (saxelmZRvanelo), Tb., fraiburgi, stras-
burgi, 2016, 22.
5
bavSvTa uflebebis komitetis zogadi komentari ganmartavs, rom zogjer bavSvma gamomkiTxvelis specifi-
kuri ena ar icis, ris gamoc ver aRiqvams mis naTqvams, vinaidan, bavSvebis metyveleba garkveul SemTxvevaSi
gansxvavebulia. codnis, gonebrivi ganviTarebisa Tu gamocdilebis naklebobam ki SesaZlebelia gamoiwvios
kiTxvis arasrulyofilad gageba da aseve araswori pasuxis miReba. saamisod arsebobs specialistis saWiroeba
_ iqneba es Tarjimani Tu fsiqologi (gaeros bavSvTa uflebaTa komitetis zogadi komentari # 10,p).

24
arasrulwlovnis dakiTxvis nino
Tavisebureba gogniaSvili

da sasamarTlos nebarTviT daazustos 14 wlamde asakis pirisaTvis dasmuli kiTxva. 14

wlamde asakis mowmes ganumartaven mis movaleobas, Tqvas mxolod simarTle, magram ar
afrTxileben Cvenebis micemaze uaris TqmisaTvis, cru Cvenebis da arsebiTad urTierT-
sawinaaRmdego Cvenebis micemisaTvis sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis dakisrebis
Taobaze. procesualur sakiTxebTan erTad mniSvnelovania dakiTxvis taqtikuri wesebis
sworad gamoyeneba, raTa uzrunvelyofil iqnes maqsimaluri Sedegis miRweva aRniSnuli
kategoriis saqmeebze.
dakiTxva mtkicebulebaTa miRebisa da gadamowmebis erT-erTi yvelaze mniSvnelovani
gza, amavdroulad sakmaod rTuli da yvelaze gavrcelebuli sagamoZiebo moqmedebaa.
igi gamoiyeneba informaciis miRebis mizniT im pirebisagan, romlebmac uSualod aRiqves
mtkicebulebiTi xasiaTis informacia, romelsac arsebiTi mniSneloba aqvs saqmisTvis
(es SeiZleba iyos braldebuli, mowme, dazaralebuli). aRniSnuli sagamoZiebo moqmedeba
uflebamosili pirebis mxridan zogadfsiqologiur da profesiul ganaTlebas, adami-
anebis fsiqologiisa da dakiTxvis taqtikuri meTodebis codnas moiTxovs. dakiTxvis
saSualebiT iRebs informacias uflebamosili piri, Tu ra uZRoda win danaSaulis Cade-
nas, adgens danaSaulis Cadenis motivsa da mizans. Tumca, srulwlovanTagan gansxvave-
biT, gansakuTrebuli sirTuliT gamoirCeva arasrulwlovanTa dakiTxva. igi moiTxovs
uflebamosili pirisagan saerTo da profesiul kulturas, cxovrebiseul gamocdilebas,
arasrulwlovanTa fsiqologiisa da dakiTxvis Taviseburebebis codnasa da asakobrivi
maxasiaTeblebis mixedviT individualuri midgomis Camoyalibebas. arasrulwlovnis
dakiTxvisas farTod gamoiyeneba: kriminalistikuri taqtika, iuridiuli fsiqologia,
logika, pedagogika, sasamarTlo eTika.
arasrulwlovnis dakiTxvas gaaCnia garkveuli Taviseburebebi, romelic ukavSirdeba
dasakiTxis asaks, socialur-demografiul da fsiqologiur Taviseburebebs.
srulwlovnisagan gansxvavebiT arasrulwlovans axasiaTebs:
a. yuradRebis koncentraciis naklebi unari;
b. fantaziisken midrekileba;
g. Semecnebulis aRqmisa da analizis, aseve realuris gamogonilisagan gansxvavebis
naklebi unari.6
arasrulwlovnebs, rogorc wesi, srulwlovanTagan gansxvavebiT naklebad SeuZliaT
gaacnobieron movlena mTlianobaSi da gamoyon mTavari. yuradRebas aqceven mxolod im
movlenas, romelic maTTvis sainteresoa, an moaxdines maTze gansakuTrebuli gavlena.
isini ufrosebze metad uSveben Secdomas manZilsa da drosTan mimarTebaSi, movlenebisa
da moqmedebebis TanmimdevrobaSi. martivad aviwydebaT movlena (faqtebi, garemoebebi) da
amavdroulad gamorCeulad zustad SeuZliaT aRiqvan da ukeT daimaxsovron is faqtebi,
romelic maT ainteresebT. arasrulwlovnebs axasiaTebT mometebuli emociuri aRgzne-
badoba, xasiaTis gauwonasworebuloba, xSiri cvlileba da qcevis Tavisebureba, romelic
aisaxeba maT Cvenebazec (aRniSnuli garemoebebi damaxasiaTebelia yvela kategoriis aras-
rulwlovnebisTvis, maTi procesualuri statusis miuxedavad).
arasrulwlovnis qceva xSir SemTxvevaSi damokidebulia dakiTxvis procesSi mis mier
Tavisi mowifulobisa da damoukideblobis demonstrirebaze. vinaidan arasrulwlovnis
ganviTarebis zemoT CamoTvlili da zogierTi sxva fizikuri da fsiqikuri Tavisebureba
erTnairad gamovlindeba Cvenebis formirebisa da dakiTxvis procesSi.
arasrulwlovnis dakiTxvis organizebis mizniT aucilebelia mTeli rigi mosamzade-
beli RonisZiebebis ganxorcieleba:

6
Руководство для следователей/Метод.пособие/под.ред.В.А.Селиванова М., 1993, 315.

25
sisxlis samarTlis aqtualuri sakiTxebi #1

1. arasrulwlovnis dakiTxva/gamokiTxvis adgilis gansazRvra7;

2. dakiTxvis drois gansazRvra.
3. dakiTxvis xangrZlivobis gansazRvra.
dakiTxvis warmatebiT Catarebis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani pirobaa adgilisa da gare-
mos gansazRvra. evrosabWos direqtiva bavSvebze orientirebuli marTlmsajulebis Tao-
baze, swored aRniSnulze miuTiTebs, kerZod, samarTalwarmoebis yvela etapze uzrunve-
lyofili unda iyos bavSvisadmi mopyroba misi asakis, gansakuTrebuli saWiroebis, misi
simwifisa da ganviTarebis donis, aseve komunikaciaSi SesaZlo problemebis gaTvalis-
winebiT. im saqmeebis ganxilva, romlebic bavSvebs Seexeba, bavSvis saWiroebebis gaTval-
iswinebiT unda ganxorcieldes da garemo bavSvebisTvis ar unda iyos SemaSinebeli.
dakiTxva unda Catardes droulad, aRqmuli faqtis Semecnebidan garkveuli drois
gasvlamde. aRniSnuli imiT aris ganpirobebuli, rom, Tu arasrulwlovnis mier aRqmul
movlenas ar gaaCnia misTvis mniSvnelovani emociuri mniSvneloba, maSin arasrulwlovnis
mier movlenis aRqma ufro zedapirul xasiaTs atarebs da mis mexsierebaSi aRbeWdili
esa Tu is movlena Zalian martivad iSleba gonebidan. garda amisa, gasaTvaliswinebelia
is faqtoric, rom arasrulwlovani SeiZleba Zalian martivad moeqces rogorc winaswar
ganzraxuli, ise ganzraxvis gareSe _ garkveuli pirebis, an faqtorebis _ STagonebis
qveS, romlis gavleniTac man SeiZleba sakuTari Tavi daarwmunos sxva pirTa mier ga-
moTqmuli mosazrebebis sisworeSi, romlebTanac mas dakiTxvamde hqonda urTierToba.
Tu nanaxidan gamomdinare gamowveuli Zlieri gancdebis gamo moxda arasrulwlovnis
gonebis fsiqologiuri Seferxeba, maSin dakiTxva unda gadaidos, manamdis sanam is ar
iqneba fsiqologiurad mzad mogvces Cveneba. dakiTxvaze gamoZaxebisas ki igi ise unda
iyos organizebuli, rom arasrulwlovans ar mouwios didxans lodini, ramac, saboloo
jamSi, SeiZleba uaryofiTad ganawyos dasakiTxi pirisadmi.
dakiTxvis/gamokiTxvis drosa da xangrZlivobas rac Seexeba, unda aRiniSnos, rom
arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kodeqsis 52-e muxlSi mxolod im garemoebazea mi-
TiTebuli, rom arasrulwlovani ar SeiZleba daikiTxos 22:00 saaTidan 08:00 saaTamde,
Tumca, dakiTxvis xangrZlivobaze araferia naTqvami, rac udavod mniSvnelovani xarvezia
kanonmdeblobaSi (aRniSnulze miTiTeba uSualod `arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis
kodeqsSi~ unda iyos). vinaidan sakiTxi Zalze aqtualuria da dasakiTxis pirovnebis,
misi asakis gaTvaliswinebiT unda ganisazRvros swored dakiTxvis xangrZlivoba, ris
rekomendaciasac fsiqologebic iZlevian. maTi mosazrebis Tanaxmad, dakiTxvis xangr-
Zlivoba unda gamomdinareobdes dasakiTxis asakidan. vinaidan, magaliTad, mcirewlovani
bavSvebis yuradRebis koncentraciis xangrZlivoba Zalian mcirea da ganisazRvreba ram-
denime wuTiT, amitom maTi dakiTxvis/gamokiTxvis procesSi aucilebelia xSiri Sesvene-
bebis gamoyeneba. mozardebis SemTxvevaSi ki SesaZlebelia dakiTxvis/gamokiTxvis drois
ufro gaxangrZliveba da Sesvenebis raodenobis Semcireba. Tumca dakiTxva ar unda gaWi-
anurdes, rodesac bavSvi daRlisa da stresis niSnebs avlens, rac ZiriTadad gamoixateba
yuradRebis gafantvaSi, pasuxebis Semoklebis an Semcirebis, sxeulis moZraobis gaxSire-
bis an, piriqiT, modunebaSi.8
imisaTvis, rom moxdes dasakiTxTan fsiqologiuri kontaqtis damyareba da ganisaz-
Rvros dakiTxvis taqtika, aucilebelia dadgindes: misi damokidebuleba TanatolebTan,
xasiaTis Taviseburebebi, interesTa wre da hobi, aseve sxva mTeli rigi garemoebebi,
romelic dakavSirebulia misi socialur-demografiuli da fsiqologiuri xasiaTis Tav-

7
evropis sabWos ministrTa komitetis saxelmZRvanelo direqtivebi bavSvze orientirebuli marTlmsaju-
lebis Taobaze, p 54.
8
arasrulwlovanTa dakiTxvis/gamokiTxvis fsiqologiuri aspeqtebi, avt. kol., Sss akademia, 2016, 74.

26
arasrulwlovnis dakiTxvis nino
Tavisebureba gogniaSvili

iseburebebTan. am mizniT aucilebelia zedmiwevniT moxdes sisxlis samarTlis saqmisa da

saqmeze Sekrebili informaciis Seswavla. dasakiTxis pirovnebis Seswavla xorcieldeba
im meTodebis bazaze, romelic SemuSavebulia fsiqologiuri mecnierebis mier sagamoZie-
bo moqmedebis miznebis gaTvaliswinebiT da mas garkveuli sazRvrebi gaaCnia. dakiTxvis
momzadebis procesSi SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes iseTi meTodebi, rogoricaa dakvirveba,
msjeloba, saqmianobis Sedegebis analizi. garda amisa, aseve pirovnebis Seswavlis mizniT
mniSvnelovania iseTi garemoebebis dazusteba da Sesabamisi kiTxvebis dasma dasakiTxi
pirebisadmi, rogoricaa: arasrulwlovani dasakiTxis anketur-biografiuli monacemebi;
monacemebi pirebze, romlebic zrdian mozards da ojaxis moralur-fsiqologiur kli-
matze axdenen gavlenas; mozardis garemomcveli garemos Sesaxeb monacemebi, misi sanac-
nobo wrisa da kavSirebis Sesaxeb informacia; arasrulwlovnis damokidebuleba swavlis
mimarT; xasiaTi, Cvevebi da maTi miswrafebebi; arasrulwlovnis fizikuri da fsiqiku-
ri janmrTelobis mdgomareoba, misi unari, sworad aRiqvas movlenebi da unari, misces
swori Cveneba.9
dakiTxvamde dasakiTxi pirovnebis Seswavla unda moxdes gamomZieblisaTvis xelmis-
awvdomi yvela informaciis wyaros gamoyenebis safuZvelze. ZiriTadi wyaro, romelic
SeiZleba moicavdes arasrulwlovnis pirovnebis Sesaxeb informacias, aris: a. misi mS-
oblebis, mezoblebis, maswavleblebisa da aRmzrdelebis Cveneba, megobrebis, TanamSrom-
lebis, aseve im megobrebis Cvenebac, romelTanac kontaqti hqondaT skolis gareT; b.
operatiul-samZebro RonisZiebebiT mopovebuli informacia; g. daxasiaTeba, cnobebi da
sxva dokumentebi; swavlobs ra arasrulwlovnis pirovnebas, gamomZiebeli pirvel rigSi
valdebulia daadginos misi dadebiTi Tvisebebi, dro, rodesac daewyo pirs uaryofiTi
qceva, gaarkvios misi qcevis cvlilebis mizezebi. ra saxis problemebi aqvs, magaliTad,
ojaxSi, avadmyofoba an sikvdili erT-erTi mSoblis, an sxva saxis iseTi garemoebebi,
romlebic sabolood uaryofiTad aisaxeba arasrulwlovnis pirovnebaze. mSoblebi ro-
gorc saqmis SedegiT dainteresebuli pirebi, rogorc wesi, amcireben bavSvis uaryofiT
mxareebs, cdiloben, gazardon misi dadebiTi mxareebi da dadebiTi kuTxiT warmoaCinon
arasrulwlovnis pirovneba. dasakiTxi arasrulwlovnis pirovnebis Seswavla moicavs in-
formaciis miRebas dasakiTxi piris mezoblebis dakiTxvis gziTac. aRniSnulma pireb-
mac SeiZleba mniSvnelovani informacia mogvawodon arasrulwlovnis pirovnebis Sesaxeb,
gascen pasuxebi Semdeg kiTxvebze: a. ramdeni xania icnoben isini arasrulwlovans; b.
rogoria maTi urTierTdamokidebuleba; g. ra aris maTTvis cnobili _ piris materialu-
ri mdgomareobisa da cxovrebis pirobebis Sesaxeb; misi damokidebulebis Sesaxeb ojaxSi
mSoblebTan da axloblebTan; d. xasiaTi da miswrafebebi; e. urTierToba mezoblebTan,
visTan aqvT megobruli damokidebuleba; v. xom ar iyenebs alkoholur sasmelebs, xom ar
aris uxeSi garSemomyofebis mimarT; z. vin axdens arasrulwlovanze uaryofiT gavlenas;
T. vis SeuZlia moaxdinos masze dadebiTi zemoqmedeba; aseve aranakleb mniSvnelovania
arasrulwlovnis pirovnebis Sesaxeb informaciis miReba misi pedagogebis dakiTxvis gzi-
Tac. maTgan SeiZleba iseTi mniSvnelovani informaciis miReba, rogoricaa arasrulw-
lovnis moswrebis done, misi interesebi, garemo, romelSic trialebs arasrulwlovani,
rogor atarebs Tavisufal dros da a.S.
arasrulwlovnis pirovnebis Seswavla aseve SesaZlebelia mTeli rigi dokumentebis
moZiebiTa da maTi sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze darTvis gziT: misi asakis damadasture-
beli dokumentebi, samkurnalo dawesebulebebidan, nasamarTlobis Sesaxeb cnoba, gana-
Cenebis aslebi, arasrulwlovnis maxasiaTeblebi, aseve misi mSoblebis, dazaralebulis,

9
Закатов А.А. Псих.особенности тактики производства след. действий следователь участием несовершеннолетних :учебное
пособие. Волгоград, 1979, 18.

27
sisxlis samarTlis aqtualuri sakiTxebi #1

aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi ki sxva pirebis Sesaxeb informacia. mniSvnelovania fsiqol-

ogis monawileobac ara mxolod dakiTxvis/gamokiTxvis dros, aramed dakiTxvis mosamza-
debel etapzec. vinaidan mas SeuZlia daxmareba gauwios uflebamosil pirs gansazRvros
arasrulwlovanTa fsiqikuri procesebis Taviseburebebi, misi mdgomareoba, temper-
amentis tipi, xasiaTis Taviseburebebi, inteleqtualuri SesaZleblobebi, gaarkvios
fsiqologiuri maxasiaTeblebi, romelic damaxasiaTebelia aRniSnuli arasrulwlovnis
asakis pirebisaTvis. rekomendacia gauwios im saSualebebs, romliTac SeiZleba iyos ga-
movlenili arasrulwlovnis calkeuli saxis fsiqologiuri Taviseburebebi, SesTavazos
kiTxvebi, romlebic mniSvnelovan rols iTamaSebs fsiqologiuri kontaqtis damyare-
baSi. temperamentis mixedviT SeuZlia Seeqmnas warmodgena mowmis gawonasworebulobis
Sesaxeb, reaqciebis xarisxze, misi Caketilobis an gaxsnilobis Sesaxeb. arasrulwlovani
braldebulis Sesaxeb informacia aucilebelia taqtikurad sworad iyos gamoyenebuli
dakiTxvis etapze.
dakiTxvis srulfasovanad Catarebis mniSvnelovani piroba gegmis Sedgenaa, vinaidan
mosamzadebel stadiaze xdeba swored imis dagegmva, Tu rogori fsiqologiuri kontaqti
unda damyardes dasakiTxTan. arasrulwlovani gamoucdelobasTan erTad yvelaze kargad
grZnobs tyuils, amitom dakiTxvis Catarebamde unda ganisazRvros da Seswavlil iqnes
interesebis wre, miswrafebebi da gamoiTqvas maT mimarT guliTadi interesi, imisaTvis,
rom maqsimalurad damyardes fsiqologiuri kontaqti.10
gegmis Sedgenisas unda moxdes kiTxvebis sworad formulireba, raTa isini arasrul-
wlovnisTvis gasagebi da araorazrovani iyos. ar unda moxdes garkveuli kategoriis
kiTxvebis gansakuTrebulad gamoyofa neitralur kiTxvebs Soris, Tundac, xmis aweviT
an daweviT, kiTxvis Jestebis saSualebiT dasmiT da a.S. dasakiTxi pirisaTvis uflebebis
ganmartebis etapze ki aucilebelia, dakiTxvis miznis, procesualuri mdgomareobisa da
sagamoZiebo moqmedebis Catarebisas mis rolze miTiTeba, aseve misi damokidebulebis
garkveva procesis sxva monawileebTan.
droulad unda iqnes uzrunvelyofili dakiTxvis proceduris fiqsacia Sesabamisi
saSualebebiT, raTa ar moxdes dakiTxvis proceduris SeCereba an gaugebroba mis mimdin-
areobisas.
dakiTxvis procesis dasagegmad aucilebelia kiTxvebis formulireba, romelic
mimarTulia konkretuli garemoebebis dadgenisaken da igi SeiZleba davyoT Semdegi
saxis kiTxvebad: a. Semavsebeli. b. damazustebeli, g. gamaxsenebeli, d. sakontrolo, e.
sicruis mamxilebeli. magaliTad, prof. a.a. zakatovis rekomendaciiT saWiroa dacul
iqnes Semdegi saxis moTxovnebi: 1.kiTxvebi unda iyos ise Sedgenili, rom arasrulwlovans
SeeZlos aRqma, pasuxobdes misi ganviTarebisa da ganaTlebis dones; 2. is unda iyos konk-
retuli, exebodes mxolod erT konkretul garemoebas, lakonuri da ar unda iwvevdes
orazrovani mosazrebebis Camoyalibebas. 3. aucilebelia iseTi kiTxvebisaTvis gverdis
avla, romelzedac SesaZlebelia savaraudo pasuxi. 4. kiTxvam unda gamoiwvios dasakiTx
arasrulwlovanSi iniciativa, damoukidebeli azris Camoyalibeba da mxolod erTi konk-
retuli pasuxis gacema (magaliTad, ki, ara, SesaZlebelia, SeuZlebelia, ra Tqma unda
da a.S.). 5. kiTxva ar unda moicavdes informacias, romelic arasrulwlovanma SeiZleba
gamoiyenos pasuxisTvis; 6. winaswar unda gansazRvros, rogori TanmimdevrobiT unda
moxdes kiTxvebis dasma, ise, rom erTi kiTxva gamomdinareobdes meorisagan, xolo mTe-
li dakiTxva ki atarebdes TvalnaTel logikur struqturul xasiaTs; 7. kiTxvebi unda
iyos pirdapir da zustad dasmuli, imisaTvis, rom arasrulwlovani dasakiTxi ar daibnes
aRniSnul gaurkvevlobaSi.11 dakiTxvis gegmis SemuSavebisas aucileblad unda iqnes gaT-
10
Руководство для следователей/метод.пособие/под ред. В.А.Селиванова. М.,1993. -с 321.
11
Закатов А.А. Психологические особенности тактики производства след.действий с участием несовершеннолетних.
Волгоград., 1979. 26-27.

28
arasrulwlovnis dakiTxvis nino
Tavisebureba gogniaSvili

valiswinebuli ufro optimaluri taqtikuri xerxebi da maTi gamoyenebis Tanmimdevroba.

taqtikuri meTodebis gamoyeneba dakiTxvis procesSi efeqturia mxolod im SemTxvevaSi,
Tu isini SerCeulia konkretuli garemoebebidan gamomdinare, Tu isini mizanmimarTulia
da damkiTxavi piri midis im daskvnamde, rom am taqtikuri xerxebis gamoyenebiT Sesa-
Zlebelia dadebiTi Sedegis miReba.12 aRniSnulis miRweva ki fsiqologiuri kontaqtis
damyarebis gareSe SeuZlebelia. fsiqologiuri kontaqti sagamoZiebo praqtikaSi _ es
aris gamomZieblis arsebiTi xasiaTis urTierToba procesis monawileebTan, romelic xa-
siaTdeba gamomZieblis miswrafebiT, mxari dauWiros urTierTobas samarTliani, sruli
da sando Cvenebis miRebis mizniT, romelsac kavSiri aqvs saqmesTan. kontaqti arasrulw-
lovansa da gamomZiebels Soris atarebs calmxriv xasiaTs, imdenad, ramdenadac gamomZie-
beli iswrafvis miiRos rac SeiZleba meti informacia, Tumca TviTon garkveul etapamde
malavs im informacias, romelsac flobs saqmesTan dakavSirebiT. arsebobs mosazreba,
romelic axasiaTebs fsiqologiur kontaqts, `iseTi urTierTgagebis Camoyalibebis Ses-
axeb, romelic efuZneba urTierTgagebasa da ndobas~, an `saqmiani garemo situaciis Se-
qmnas, romelis Tanaxmadac damkiTxavi piri mzad aris Seatyobinos dasakiTxs saqmis arse-
biTi garemoebebis Sesaxeb~. fsiqologiuri kontaqti _ garkveulwilad keTilsasurveli
fsiqologiuri garemoa, romelic xels uwyobs urTierTgagebasa da damokidebulebas, es
aris gansazRvruli `ganwyoba~ urTierTobaze. mecnierTa garkveuli nawili, magaliTad,
fsiqologiuri kontaqtis gamoyenebis SesaZleblobas dakiTxvis calkeul stadiazec ki
ganixilavs.
taqtikuri xerxebi, romelebic mimarTulia dasakiTxTan fsiqologiuri kontaqtis
damyarebaze, dafuZnebulia fsiqologiuri monacemebis, logikisa da sxva mecnierebis
miRwevebze. prof. v.g. lukaSeviCi gvTavazobs dakiTxvis dros fsiqologiuri kontaqtis
dasamyarebel 9 mniSvnelovan saSualebas:
1. arasrulwlovnisaTvis Sesabamisi pirobebis Seqmna; 2. koreqtuli damokidebuleba;
3. keTilganwyobis demonstracia; 4. demonstracia imisa, rom mas aqvs survili bolomde
mousminos, xmis awevis gareSe; 5. dasakiTxisaTvis mniSvnelovan sakiTxze saubris dawye-
ba; 6.logikuri azrovnebisken mimarTva; 7. dakiTxvis miznisa da amocanebis ganmarteba;
8. iseTi garemos Seqmna, romelic aRvivebs dakiTxvisa da misi Sedegisadmi interess;13
dasakiTxTan fsiqologiuri kontaqtis damyarebis procesi damokidebulia ZiriTadad
dakiTxvis/gamokiTxvis uflebamosilebiT aRWurvil pirze, mis profesiul momzadebaze,
avtoritetulobis xarisxsa da zogierT sxva garemoebaze.
dakiTxvis procesSi aseve mniSvnelovania dasakiTxze zemoqmedebis zomebisa da da-
kiTxvis zogadi taqtikuri xerxebis gamoyeneba, romelic xels uwyobs swori Cvenebis
miRebas. am mizniT ki mniSvnelovania dakiTxvis procesSi aqtiuroba, mizanswrafulo-
ba, aseve obieqturobisa da sisrulis dacva. dakiTxvis aqtualoba mdgomareobs imaSi,
rom gamomZiebelma myarad uzrunvelyos da Tavis xelSi aiRos dakiTxvis mimdinareobis
mTeli procesi, gamoiyenos yvela saWiro taqtikuri xerxi da mkacrad daicvas kanonis
moTxovnebi.
arasrulwlovan pirebTan dakavSirebiT, romlebic mimarTulni aris Cvenebis mice-
misas simarTlis damalvisken, aucilebelia gadaWriTi, mkacri midgoma. gamomZiebelma
unda gamoiyenos yvela mis xelT arsebuli kanonieri saSualeba imisaTvis, rom miiRos
swori Cveneba da mxolod ubralod faqtis aRmricxvelebad ar mogvevlinos. dakiTxvis
mizanmimarTuleba niSnavs mis Catarebas winaswar gansazRvruli, kargad mofiqrebuli
12
Коновалова В.Е. Допрос как информационный процесс. Харьков, 1980, 132
13
Лукашевич В.Г. Тактика общения следователя с участниками отдельных следственных действий. Киев,1989, 42-43..

29
sisxlis samarTlis aqtualuri sakiTxebi #1

gegmis safuZvelze, imisaTvis, rom miRebul iqnes ara yovelgvari, aramed, mxolod gan-
sazRvruli saxis saqmisaTvis mniSvnelovani informacia. mizanswrafuloba uzrunvely-
ofs gamomZiebelSi myar warmodgenas dakiTxvis procesze, dasaxuli miznis miRwevas da
imis SesaZleblobas, rom am mizniT gamoyenebul iqnes dakiTxvis Sesabamisi saSualebebi
da xerxebi.
dakiTxvis obieqturoba da sisrule gamoixateba imaSi, rom gamomZiebels ar aqvs
ufleba Tavisi mosazrebisamebr moaxdinos miRebuli Cvenebis interpretacia, Secvalos
an gamoTqvas mosazreba arasrulwlovani dasakiTxis mier mowodebul informaciaze. am
mizniT aucilebelia damazustebeli kiTxvebis sworad dasma, sisrulisTvis ki Cvenebis
SesaZleblobisamebr sityvasityviT gadmocema. yvela taqtikuri xerxi, romelic mimar-
Tulia arasrulwlovnis mexsierebaSi darCenili movlenebis gasaxseneblad, fsiqologi-
uri kontaqtis dasamyareblad da sicruis gamosaaSkaraveblad, SeiZleba davyoT Semdegi
saxis taqtikur xerxebad: 1. dakiTxva asociaciuri kavSirebis gamoyenebiT; 2. dakiTxva
adgilze; 3. ganmeorebiTi dakiTxva mxolod garkveuli saxis garemoebebis wris gaTvalis-
winebiT,14 aRniSnuli ki efuZneba asociaciuri kavSirebis gamoyenebas da igi mniSvnelovan
gavlenas axdens mexsierebis `gamococxlebaze~. am gziT, taqtikuri xerxebis sistema,
romelic mimarTulia mexsierebis aqtualizaciisaken, moicavs: 1. gasaxsenebeli kiTxvebis
dasmas; 2. nivTieri mtkicebulebebis wardgenas; 3. sxva materialuri informaciis demon-
stracias; 4. dasakiTxis gonebrivi SesaZleblobebis gamoyenebas.
mtkicebulebaTa demonstrirebasTan sakmaod axlos aris iseTi xerxi, rogoricaa
arasrulwlovani dasakiTxi mowmisaTvis materializebuli informaciis wardgena imisaT-
vis, rom mas gavuwioT daxmareba daviwyebuli informaciis aqtivizaciaSi. arasrulwlo-
vani mowmis dakiTxvisas aseve warmatebiT SeiZleba iqnes gamoyenebuli sxvadasxva saxis
fotosuraTis, naxatis, sqemisa da a.S. wardgena.
rac Seexeba sxva pirebis Cvenebis wardgenas dasakiTxi pirisaTvis, iseTi taqtikuri
xerxia, romelic xels uwyobs garkveul SemTxvevaSi STagonebas da Tu sworad ar iqneba
gamoyenebuli, didia imisi albaToba, rom dasakiTxi piri SecdomaSi Sevides da fantazias
mimarTos.
Semdegi saxis taqtikuri xerxi, romelsac gaaCnia arsebiTi mniSvneloba fsiqolo-
giuri kontaqtis dasamyareblad, aris sxvadasxva misTvis aqtualur Temaze gasaubreba.
mniSvnelovania am kuTxiT gamomZieblis mxridan swori Temis SerCeva, rac ganisazRvreba
arasrulwlovani dasakiTxis interesebiTa da ganviTarebis doniT. aseTi saxis saubrebi
iZleva SesaZleblobas Secvalos dasakiTxis fsiqikuri ganwyoba, moaxdinos dadebiTi gav-
lena gaurkvevlobaSi myof dasakiTxze. dasakiTxi ar unda grZnobdes, rom is Segnebulad
mihyavT winaswar dagegmil saubramde.
rac Seexeba pasuxismgeblobis garduvalobis mtkicebas, rogorc erT-erT yvelaze
mniSvnelovan taqtikur xerxs, igi sakmaod aqtualuria arasrulwlovan dazaralebulTan
mimarTebaSi. aseTi saxis taqtikuri xerxis gamoyenebis mizani mdgomareobs im SiSis Tav-
idan acilebaSi, romelic danaSaulis Camdeni piris mimarT gaaCnia. aRniSnuli ki martivad
miRwevadia, Tu mas ganvumartavT, rom damnaSavis dakaveba, dapatimreba da misi sisxlis
samarTlis pasuxisgebaSi micema garduvalia. aseve moxdes dasakiTxi arasrulwlovani
mowmis dadebiTi mxareebis saTanadod Sefaseba, romelic warmoadgens efeqtur taqtikur
xerxs, aris mastimulirebeli saSualeba dakiTxvis procesSi Sesabamisi fsiqologiuri
kontaqtis dasamyareblad.15
yvelaze mniSnelovani taqtikuri xerxi, romelic astimulirebs dakiTxvis proces-

14
Белкин Р.С. Тактика допрос/Криминалистика / под. ред Р.С.Белкина, Б.А.Викторова. М., 1985, 313-315.
15
Ратинов А.Р., Ефимова Н.И. Психология допроса обвиняемого. М.,198, 66.

30
arasrulwlovnis dakiTxvis nino
Tavisebureba gogniaSvili

Si urTierTobis aucilebloba, aris arasrulwlovani mowmis darwmuneba, daexmaros ga-

moZiebis organoebs danaSaulis gamoZiebasa da gaxsnaSi. arasrulwlovan dasakiTxs unda
ganemartos, rom misi uaryofiTi pasuxebic ki aranakleb mniSvnelovania da did daxmare-
bas gauwevs gamoZiebas16 (magaliTad, ver dainaxa raime faqti, an adgili ar hqonia raime
garemoebas).
kidev erTi taqtikuri xerxi fsiqologiuri kontaqtis dasamyareblad aris dasakiTx-
isTvis danaSaulis Cadenis Sedegebis Sesaxeb an maTi kvlav warmoSobis SesaZleblobis
Sesaxeb informaciis miwodeba. mocemuli xerxis gamoyeneba marTebuli iqneba im SemTx-
vevaSi, rodesac arasrulwlovani mowme ar aris mzad an ar surs miawodos informacia
danaSaulis Cadenis Sesaxeb. aseTi tipis ganmarteba, rogorc wesi, xels uwyobs arasrul-
wlovan mowmes Seeqmnas motivacia, kontaqti daamyaros gamomZiebelTan.
am gziT, zemoT CamoTvlili taqtikuri xerxebi dasakiTx pirebs daexmareba mexsier-
ebis aqtualizaciasa da daviwyebuli informaciis aRdgenaSi, rac, saboloo jamSi, xels
Seuwyobs danaSaulis gamoZiebasa da saqmeze arsebuli faqtobrivi garemoebebis dadge-
naSi.

16
Коченов М.М., Осипова Н.Р. Психология допроса малолетних свидетелей. М., 1984, 24.

31
 arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis sistemaSi arsebuli
prevenciis doneebi da SerCeuli intervenciebis efeqturoba
irine xerxeuliZe
samarTlis doqtori, ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis
Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis
iuridiuli fakultetis asistent-profesori

Sesavali

bavSvTa WeSmarit interesebsa da maT keTildReobaze orientirebuli marTlmsaju-

lebis sistemis danergva saqarTvelos mTavrobam prioritetad daisaxa da Seqmna kidec
marTlmsajulebis sistema, romelic Seesabameba saerTaSoriso standartebs, maT Soris
gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis principebsa da normebs,
arasrulwlovanTa delinqventobis prevenciis saxelmZRvanelo principebs, arasrulw-
lovanTa mimarT marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebis Sesaxeb minimalur standartebs, Ta-
visuflebaaRkveTil arasrulwlovanTa dacvis Sesaxeb gaeros wesebs, aseve evrosabWos
ministrTa komitetis saxelmZRvanelo principebs bavSvze orientirebuli marTlmsaju-
lebis Sesaxeb da sxva mniSvnelovan saerTaSoriso Tu regionul instruments.1
arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis sistemisa da Sesabamisi kodeqsis Seqmnis kval-
dakval, saqarTvelo Tanmimdevrulad axorcielebs arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis
farTo politikas, maT Soris, am politikis Semadgenel iseT mniSvnelovan komponentze
aqcentis gakeTebiT, rogorc aris arasrulwlovanTa danaSaulis prevencia. saqarTve-
los am mimarTebiT aRebuli kursi gansakuTrebiT sagulisxmoa, vinaidan, rogorc bavS-
vis uflebaTa komitetis zogadi komentari #10 aRniSnavs: „arasrulwlovanTa Soris dana-
Saulis prevenciis zomebis ararseboba arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis politikis
seriozuli xarvezia da monawile saxelmwifoebma arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis
erovnul politikaSi unda moaxdinon gaeros arasrulwlovanTa delinqventobis pre-
venciis saxelmZRvanelo principebs (riadis principebis) integrireba~.2
riadis principebis moTxovniT, aqcenti unda gakeTdes prevenciis politikaze, rome-
lic xels Seuwyobs yvela bavSvis warmatebul socializaciasa da integracias, kerZod,
ojaxis, sazogadoebis, TanatolTa jgufebis, skolebis, profesiuli momzadebis cen-
trebisa da samsaxuris, agreTve nebayoflobiTi organizaciebis meSveobiT. prevenciis
programebSi gaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos gansakuTrebiT daucveli ojaxebis mxardaWera
da skolebis monawileoba ZiriTadi faseulobebis swavlebaSi, maT Soris bavSvebisa da
mSoblebis kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli uflebebisa da movaleobebis Sesaxeb informaciis
miwodebaSi. ojaxebis daxmarebis zomebi ara mxolod negatiuri situaciebis prevenciaze
unda iyos mimarTuli, aramed, da kidev ufro metadac ki, mSoblebis socialuri poten-

1
2015 arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis sistemis reformis strategia.
2
bavSvis uflebaTa komitetis zogadi komentari #10 (2007), punqti 17.

32
arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis sistemaSi arsebuli irine
prevenciis doneebi da SerCeuli intervenciebis efeqturoba xerxeuliZe

cialis gaRrmavebaze.3
miuxedavad imisa, rom qerolin hamiltoni gvawvdis xedvas imis Taobaze, rom aras-
rulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis sistema ar Seicavs arc pirvelad (anu sayovelTao),
da arc meoreul (anu miznobriv) prevenciis programebs bavSvebis mier danaSaulebrivi
qmedebebis Cadenis SemcirebisaTvis, aramed sanacvlod, igi iTvaliswinebs mesameul pre-
vencias, anu intervencias procesis ganmavlobaSi (dapatimrebis momentidan), rac miznad
isaxavs ganmeorebiTi danaSaulis Tavidan acilebas4 da rom, Sesabamisad, „prevenciis
strategiebi ar ganekuTvneba (arasrulwlovanTa) marTlmsajulebis sistemis mandat-
sa da pasuxismgeblobas,5 _ xazgasmisT unda aRiniSnos #10 zogad komentarSi mocemu-
li aucilebloba imisa, rom isini warmoadgendes arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis
yovlismomcveli politikis ganuyofel nawils. rogorc ukve aRiniSna, bavSvis ufle-
baTa komitetis moTxovniT saxelmwifoebma srulad unda Seitanon riadis principebi
arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebisadmi miZRvnil sakuTar yovlismomcvel politikaSi,
xolo ekonomikuri da socialuri sabWos saxelmZRvanelo principebi sisxlis samarTlis
danaSaulis prevenciisaTvis da misi rezolucia 2005/22 _ `sisxlis samarTlis danaSau-
lis efeqtiani prevenciis xelSemwyobi moqmedebebi~ _ saxelmwifoebs aZleven prevenciis
mdgradi strategiis amoqmedebis rekomendacias.6

1. saqarTvelos gamocdileba arasrulwlovanTa danaSaulis

prevenciis mimarTebiT arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis
farTo politikis farglebSi

saerTaSoriso standartebisa da rekomendaciebis fonze aRsaniSnavia, rom jer kidev

saqarTvelos arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kodeqsis amoqmedebamde, 2015 wlis
sisxlis samarTlis sistemis reformis strategiiT gaTvaliswinebul arasrulwlovanTa
marTlmsajulebis reformis farglebSi, iseve rogorc arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsaju-
lebis reformis 2016-2020 wlebis samoqmedo gegmaSi, saqarTvelos mTavrobis ZiriTa-
di prioritetia arasrulwlovanTa danaSaulis prevencia da individualuri sareabil-
itacio programebis saSualebiT recidivis donis Semcireba.7 Tavad arasrulwlovanTa
marTlmsajulebis sistemis reformis strategiis samizne jgufTa CamonaTvalSi pirdapir
aris miTiTebuli sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis minimalur asaks miuRwevel
arasrulwlovnebze, rogorc prevenciuli programebis samizne jgufze. aseve strategi-
is prioritetul mimarTulebad ganisazRvra danaSaulis/samarTaldarRvevis prevencia.8
garda amisa, konsolidirebul dokumentSi, 2015 wlis sisxlis samarTlis sistemis
reformis strategiaSi cakle, gamokveTilad Camoyalibda moTxovna rogorc policiis,
ise prokuraturis mier arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kuTxiT prevenciuli da
imgvari RonisZiebebis gatarebis aucileblobis Sesaxeb, rac morgebuli iqneba „bavSvis
WeSmarit interesze~.9
3
bavSvis uflebaTa komitetis zogadi komentari #10 (2007), punqti 19.
4
hamiltoni q., arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis sakanonmdeblo reformis saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebi,
bavSvTa samarTlebrivi centri da gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis bavSvTa fondi (`iunisefi~), bavSvTa
dacvis ganyofileba, niu-iorki, 2011, gv.19.
5
iqve gv. 20.
6
iqve gv. 20.
7
2015 wlis sisxlis samarTlis sistemis reformis strategia.
8
arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis reformis 2016-2020 wlebis samoqmedo gegmaSi, 2015 arasrulwlovan-
Ta marTlmsajulebis sistemis reformis strategia.
9
2015 wlis sisxlis samarTlis sistemis reformis strategia.

33
sisxlis samarTlis aqtualuri sakiTxebi #1

saqarTvelos arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis sistemis reformis ganaxlebuli,

2016 wlis strategia isev da isev imeorebs qveynis mier arasrulwlovanTa danaSaulis
prevenciis kuTxiT aRebul kurss da sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis minimalur
asaks miuRwevel arasrulwlovnebs prevenciuli programebis samizne jgufad moiazrebs,
iseve rogorc strategiis miznis misaRwevad reforma mis prioritetul mimarTulebad
danaSaulis/samarTaldarRvevis prevencias asaxelebs.10
amdenad, danaSaulis prevenciasa da sareabilitacio programebis ganviTarebis kuTxiT
muSaobam qveynis arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis sistemis reformirebis fargleb-
Si gansakuTrebuli seriozuloba da datvirTva SeiZina. aRniSnuli nabijebis qmediTad
gadasadgmelad 2015-2017 wlebis arasrulwlovanTa danaSaulis prevenciis strategiis
ganxorcielebis samoqmedo gegmaSi, saxeldebiT gaiwera rogorc misi miznebi da Sedegebi,
aseve samizne jgufebi, SerCeuli RonisZiebebi, Sefasebis indikatorebi da pasuxsmgebeli
uwyebebi. bunebrivia, es yvelaferi unda ganxorcields imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom efeq-
tiani prevenciuli politikis implementacia saWiroebs samTavrobo, arasamTavrobo da
kerZo seqtoris, agreTve saerTaSoriso organizaciebis erTobliv Zalisxmevas.
zogadad, is sakiTxi, rom arasrulwlovanTa danaSaulis prevencia warmoadgens aras-
rulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis mniSvnelovan komponents, aRiarebulia ara marto saer-
TaSoriso gamocdilebiT, aramed, aseve, calsaxad Cans saqarTvelos arasrulwlovanTa
danaSaulis prevenciis strategiaSic, romelic pirvelad 2011 wels SemuSavda sisxlis
samarTlis reformis uwyebaTaSorisi sabWos mier da amave wels damtkicda saqarTveloSi
arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis efeqturi da swrafi reformirebis kvaldakval.
miRweuli Sedegebisa da axali gamowvevebis gaTvaliswinebiT arasrulwlovanTa danaSau-
lis prevenciis strategia 2015 wlis dasawyisSi ganaxlda. aRniSnuli dokumentis arse-
boba saqarTvelos arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis ganviTarebisaTvis mniSvnelova-
nia, ramdenadac igi: „qmnis arasrulwlovanTa danaSaulis prevenciis erovnul CarCos da
asaxavs gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis principebsa da normebs, arasrulwlovan-
Ta danaSaulis prevenciis standartebs, maT Soris, gaeros saxelmZRvanelo principebs
arasrulwlovanTa delinqventuri qcevis prevenciis Sesaxeb, gaeros minimalur stand-
artul wesebs arasrulwlovanTa mimarT marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebis Sesaxeb da
sxva standartebs~.11
arasrulwlovanTa danaSaulis prevenciis strategiis ganxorcielebis samoqmedo ge-
gma sabolood ganaxlda 2016 wels. igi SesabamisobaSia riadis wesebis me-9 wesis moTx-
ovnebTan, romlis mixedviTac arasrulwlovanTa danaSaulis aRkveTis amomwuravi gegme-
bi mTavrobis yvela doneze unda iqnes SemuSavebuli da moicavdes garkveul aspeqtebs.
sakiTxis kvlevis, politikis ganviTarebisa da koordinaciis mimarTulebiT aseve gaT-
valiswinebulia riadis wesebis me-60-63-e wesebi.
strategiis miznebis misaRwevad, aRsaniSnavia, rom sxvadasxva saxelmwifo uwyebaSi
danergilia mTeli rigi prevenciuli programebi. am mxriv aRsaniSnavia, iusticiis samin-
istros, saqarTvelos mTavari prokuraturis da ssip danaSaulis prevenciis centris
mier SemuSavebuli proeqtebi. prevenciuli programebis danergvis kuTxiT aqtiur rols
asrulebs aseve Sinagan saqmeTa saministro, sayuradReboa ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis
saministros usafrTxo skolis programa.
mniSvnelovania sasjelaRsrulebisa da probaciis saministrosa da ssip iuridiuli
daxmarebis samsaxuris mier miRweuli Sedegebi arasrulwlovanTa mier danaSaulis gan-
meorebiT Cadenis prevenciis mimarTulebiT. calke unda aRiniSnos aseve Sromis, janmrT-

10
2016 arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis sistemis reformis strategia.
11
2015 da 2016 wlebis arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis sistemis reformis strategia.

34
arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis sistemaSi arsebuli irine
prevenciis doneebi da SerCeuli intervenciebis efeqturoba xerxeuliZe

elobisa da socialuri dacvis saministros mier danergili bavSvze zrunvis programebi.

sportisa da axalgazrdobis saqmeTa saministro agreTve axorcielebs sxvadasxva preven-
ciul programebs. arasrulwlovanTa danaSaulis efeqtiani prevenciisaTvis mniSvnelo-
vania arsebobdes prevenciuli programebis mravalferovneba, xolo maTi implementacia
unda iyos Tanmimdevruli. amasTanave, prevenciuli programebis dagegmvisas saWiroa ar-
sebuli SezRuduli resursis sworad da Sedegianad gamoyeneba da iseTi programebis
wamowyeba, romelTa warmatebac dadasturebuli da garantirebulia Sesabamisi kvlevebi-
Ta da saerTaSoriso gamocdilebiT.
am konteqstSi xazi unda gaesvas arsebuli prevenciuli programebis Sefasebis
sistemis saWiroebas, rac ganmsazRvrelia prevenciuli politikis efeqtiani da Tanmim-
devruli ganviTarebisaTvis. amasTanave, Sefasebis meqanizmi uzrunvelyofs SezRuduli
resursis dazogvasa da mis gamoyenebas mxolod efeqtian prevenciul programebSi.12
yovelive aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, winamdebare statia warmoadgens arasrulw-
lovanTa danaSaulis prevenciis mizniT SerCeuli intervenciebis efeqturobis sakiTx-
is Sefasebis erT-erT pirvel mcdelobas qarTul samecniro-samarTlebriv sivrceSi
saerTaSoriso gamocdilebis fonze, gansakuTrebiT ki im faqtis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom pre-
venciuli programebis Sefasebis kriteriumebis SemuSavebis mizniT 2016 wlisaTvis Seqm-
nili samuSao jgufis mier prevenciuli programebis efeqtianobis Sefasebis koncefciis
SemuSaveba da damtkiceba samomavlod, 2017-2018 wlebSi aris dagegmili.13

2. prevenciis doneebis saerTaSoriso gageba da danaSaulis

risk-faqtorebTan maTi korelaciis sakiTxi

sayovelTaod cnobilia, rom prevenciuli politika uzrunvelyofs arasrulwlo-

vanTa warmatebul resocializacias da emsaxureba mTeli sazogadoebis usafrTxoebas.
amasTan, am politikis efeqturobis Sefaseba da Sesabamisad, gamarTlebuli da warmatebu-
li intervenciis ganxorcieleba arsebuli prevenciuli programebis Sefasebasa da anali-
tikul kvlevas saWiroebs.
swored aq vlindeba im prevenciuli programebis gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba, rom-
lebic ganisazRvreba danaSaulis Cadenis risk-faqtorebis mixedviT da exeba riskis qveS
da kanonTan konfliqtSi myof arasrulwlovnebs, romlebic saWiroeben specialur zrun-
vasa da midgomebs. bunebrivia, sakiTxis aseTi xedva da midgoma, Tavis mxriv, moiTxovs
delinqveturobis prevenciis sxvadasxva donis gansazRvras. magaliTad, aSS-is gamoc-
dilebiT, romelic aRiarebulia zogadadac, miuTiTeben prevenciis sam doneze: pirve-
ladi prevencia mimarTulia fizikur da socialur garemoSi arsebuli pirobebis modi-
ficirebisken farTo gagebiT; meoradi prevencia mimarTulia kriminogenul garemoebebSi
myofi individebis an jgufebis adreul identifikaciaze da maT cxovrebasa da arseboba-
Si adreul intervenciaze; mesame donis prevencia ki mimarTulia recidivis prevenciaze.14
saerTaSoriso gamocdilebiTac, prevenciaze orientirebul programebs xSirad moix-
senieben rogorc pirvelad, meoreul da mesameul doneebze moqmed programebs. miuxe-
davad imisa, rom arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis sistemas mxolod mesameul pro-
gramebs miakuTvneben (programebs, romlebic gamiznulia im bavSvebis mier ganmeorebiTi
danaSaulis Cadenis prevenciaze, vinc aRiara danaSauli an msjavrdebulia danaSaulis

12
2016 wlebis arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis sistemis reformis strategia.
13
arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis reformis 2016-2020 wlebis samoqmedo gegma.
14
Juvenile Justice in America, Bartollas Clemens, Miller Stuart J., second edition, 1998, Prentice Hall, Inc., p.256.

35
sisxlis samarTlis aqtualuri sakiTxebi #1

CadenaSi), mainc Zalze mniSvnelovania socialuri dacvis farglebSi pirveladi (anu say-
ovelTao) da meoreuli (anu miznobrivi) prevenciis programebis SemuSaveba. pirvelad
da meoreul prevenciasTan dakavSirebuli samarTlebrivi normebi socialuri dacvisa
da bavSvTa dacvis kanonmdeblobaSi unda Sediodes da ara arasrulwlovanTa marTlm-
sajulebis kanonmdeblobaSi.15 Tumca, es ar gulisxmobs, rom isini arasrulwlovanTa
marTlmsajulebis farTo politikas mowyvetili nawilia. saqarTvelos arasrulwlo-
vanTa danaSaulis prevencia saxelmwifos sisxlis samarTlis politikis mniSvnelovani
elementia. arasrulwlovanTa danaSaulis prevenciis erTiani politikis, strategiisa da
danaSaulis prevenciis koordinacias axorcielebs iusticiis saministros mmarTvelobis
sferoSi Semavali ssip „danaSaulis prevenciis centri~. igi xorcieldeba mravali uw-
yebis erToblivi Zalisxmevis, multidisciplinuri midgomisa da samTavrobo, samoqalaqo
da kerZo seqtors Soris da saerTaSoriso organizaciebTan TanamSromlobiT.
Tavisi arsiT arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis sistema kompleqsuria da aer-
Tianebs sxvadasxva iseT samTavrobo struqturas, saagentos, uwyebas, organizaciasa da
dawesebulebas, rogoricaa policia, prokuratura, advokatura, sasamarTlo, socialu-
ri uzrunvelyofis saagentoebi, saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebi, probaciis samsaxure-
bi, sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebebi, ganTavisuflebis Semdgomi zrunvis organoebi da
sazogadoebrivi arasamTavrobo organizaciebi.16
zemoT xsenebuli prevenciis doneebad dayofis saerTaSoriso praqtikidan gamom-
dinare, saqarTvelos arasrulwlovanTa danaSaulis prevenciis strategiaSic mocemuli
gvaqvs samizne jgufi problemis ganviTarebis stadiis mixedviT da prevenciuli pro-
gramebic imave maCvenebelze dayrdnobiT aris dayofili. Sedegad miviReT: (a) pirvela-
di/adreuli prevencia, romelic mimarTulia yvela arasrulwlovanze; (b) meore donis
prevencia, romelic orientirebulia danaSaulis riskis qveS myof arasrulwlovnebze
da uzrunvelyofs danaSaulis gamomwvevi risk-faqtorebis Semcirebas. meore donis pre-
venciis miznebisaTvis mniSvnelovania riskis qveS myofi arasrulwlovnebis saTanado
identificirebisa da efeqtiani referaluri meqanizmis SemuSaveba; da (g) mesame donis
prevencia, romelic ganmeorebiTi danaSaulis Tavidan acilebas, kanonTan konfliqtSi
myof arasrulwlovanTa gamosworebas, msjavrdebulTa resocializaciasa da reabilita-
cias isaxavs miznad.17
arasrulwlovanTa delinqventurobis mxolod prevenciis doneebis dadgena, cxadia,
araa sakmarisi elementi danaSaulis Tu deviaciuri qcevis Tavidan acilebis Tvalsaz-
risiT. igi aris mxolod basizi, safuZveli imis dasadgenad, Tu romeli konkretuli pro-
grama ra erToblivi maxasiaTeblebis saSualebebiT identificirebad jgufs unda Seexos.
Sesabamisad, aRniSnuli doneebis gansazRvris Semdeg, msoflio masStabiT Catarebuli
kvlevebis safuZvelze unda Sefasdes arasrulwlovnis mier danaSulis Cadenis riskisa
da misgan damcavi faqtorebi, rac ganmsazRvreli iqneba efeqturi prevenciuli Carevis
saSulebebis dasadgenad. amasTan, Sefaseba unda moxdes ara romelime calkeul, izoli-
rebul faqtorze dayrdnobiT, aramed gaTvaliwinebul unda iqnas am faqtorebis kumu-
laciuri efeqti.18 riskisa da misgan damcavi faqtorebis erToblivi Sefaseba saSualebas
iZleva ganisazRvros, ra maCveneblebs ukavSirdeba prevenciis saSualebebis SerCeva.
15
hamiltoni q., arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis sakanonmdeblo reformis saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebi,
bavSvTa samarTlebrivi centri da gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis bavSvTa fondi (`iunisefi~), bavSvTa
dacvis ganyofileba, niu-iorki, 2011, gv. 20.
16
iqve, gv. 19.
17
2015 wlis arasrulwlovanTa danaSaulis prevenciis strategia.
18
Caeti, Tory J., and Eric J. Fritsch. “At-Risk Youth.” Encyclopedia of Juvenile Justice. Ed. . Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE, 2002. 22-
28. SAGE Reference Online. Web. 22 Feb. 2012; Browning, K., and R. Loeber, Highlights of Findings From the Pittsburgh Youth
Study Series. Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, 1999.

36
arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis sistemaSi arsebuli irine
prevenciis doneebi da SerCeuli intervenciebis efeqturoba xerxeuliZe

garda amisa, aseve unda Sefasdes intervenciis druloba, xarisxi, proporciuloba

da adekvaturi intervenciis Sesabamisi programebi. Tumca, cxadia, rom riskisa da misgan
damcavi faqtorebisa da maTi mniSvnelobis Seswavla-gaanalizeba ucilobel fundaments
warmoadgens efeqturi intervenciis ganxorcielebis TvalsazrisiT.
maSasadame, arasrulwlovanTa delinqventurobaSi efeqturi prevenciuli Carevebis
SesaZleblobebis gansazRvra imTaviTve efuZneba arasrulwlovanTa delinqventobis risk-
is da damcavi faqtorebis Seswavlas. maTi Seswavla mniSvnelovania imdenad, ramdenadac
prevenciaze mimarTuli Carevis meTodebis SemuSaveba swored am sxvadasxva saxis riskisa
da damcav faqtorebze dayrdnobiT unda moxdes. bavSvis cxovrebaSi arasrulwlovnis
delinqventobis prevenciam SesaZloa mniSvnelovani sargebeli moitanos danaSaulis
maCveneblebis Semcirebis TvalsazrisiT. kidev ufro mniSvnelovania bavSvis daxmareba
delinqventuri qcevis Sedegebis Tavidan acilebaSi, rac kanonmorCili da produqtiuli
cxovrebis wesis SesaZleblobebis gazrdiT unda ganxorcieldes.
Tavis mxriv, arasrulwlovanTa delinqventobis riskisa da dacvis faqtorebis gan-
sazRvra ar aris martivi procesi da mravali aseTi faqtoris gamovlena rTuli amocanaa.
delinqventurobaSi efeqturi intervenciis Sesabamisi programebis SemuSavebis saxarbie-
lo perspeqtividan gamomdinare, bevri mkvlevari Seecada miznad daesaxa yvelaze metad
problemuri risk-faqtorebisa da yvelaze mniSvnelovani damcavi faqtorebis identifik-
acia. Sedegad, arsebobs risk-faqtorebis sxvadasxva sqemiT klasifikaciis didi raode-
noba, magram gasaTvaliswinebelia is, rom bevri identificirebuli risk-faqtori xSirad
arasrulwlovanis kontrols miRmaa (rasa, sqesi, socio-ekonomikuri statusi, skola) da
Sesabamisad, intervencia ar aris martivi. amitom didi sifrTxiliT unda Catardes ar-
amarto (delinqventurobis) risk-faqtorebis kvleva, aramed aseTive sifrTxiliT unda
moxdes misi interpretacia. aqamde arsebul arc erT kvlevas ar gaucia gadaWriT naTe-
li pasuxi da ar ganusazRvravs konkretuli faqtorebi, romlebic iwveven delinqven-
turobas an axdenen mis prevencias. Sesabamisad, ar arsebobs romelime iseTi faqtori,
romelic aucileblobiTa da garduvalad iwvevdes delinqventurobas an axdendens mis
prevencias.19 amitom, sakiTxSi sicxadis Sesatanad yuradReba unda mivaqcioT or moments:
(1) miuxedavad risk-faqtorebisa da damcavi faqtorebis gaTvaliswinebis ara absolutu-
ri sandoobisa, am sferoSi Catarebuli kvlevebis umravlesoba Seicavs zogad da msgavs
kategoriul CarCos, romliTac identificirebulia amgvari faqtorebi da (2) arasrul-
wlovanTa danaSaulis epizodurobas, e.w. normalurobas da yvelgan gavrcelebulebas,20
rac saSulebas iZleva arasrulwlovanTa delinqventurobis prevenciis TvalsazrisiT
intervenciis saSualebebis SerCevisas da ganxorcielebisas aqcenti gakeTdes mxolod
maRali rikis Semcvel SemTxvevebze.
mravalferovani risk-faqtorebidan, romlebic asocirdeba arasrulwlovanTa dana-
SaulTan, fokusireba unda moxdes ramdenime yvelaze mniSvnelovan da zogad faqtorze,
rogoricaa:
1) individualuri, anu personaluri risk-faqtorebi, maT Soris:
impulsuroba, hiperaqtiuroba, agresiuloba, cudi kognituri ganviTareba da dabali
inteleqtualuri SesaZleblobebi, aseve bilogiuri da genetikuri faqtorebi, rogori-
caa rasa, eTnikuroba, sqesi da asaki.
2) socialuri risk-faqtorebi, rogoricaa: ojaxi da Tanatolebi.

19
Caeti, Tory J., and Eric J. Fritsch, “At-Risk Youth,” Encyclopedia of Juvenile Justice, Ed., Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE, 2002. 22-
28. SAGE Reference Online.Web. 22 Feb. 2012.
20
SalikaSvili m., miqanaZe g., arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajuleba, Tb., fraiburgi, strasburgi, 2016, gv.
16-18.

37
sisxlis samarTlis aqtualuri sakiTxebi #1

ojaxur faqtorTa Soris yvelaze mniSvnelovania: Sesustebuli kavSiri mSoblebTan21,

mSoblebis zedamxedvelobis ararseboba, bavSvis aRzrdaze uari, bavSvebis mimarT cudi
mopyroba; saSualo da naklebi siZlieris ojaxuri faqtorebia: ganqorwineba, mSoblebis
kriminaluroba, aRzrdis disciplinis uqonloba an mSoblebis ararseboba.22 ojaxuri
faqtorebi, romlebic Cveulebisamebr Seiswavleba arasrulwlovanTa danaSaulis asaxs-
nelad, aseve moicavs ojaxis struqturas (dangreuli ojaxi, martoxela mSoblis ojaxi,
didi ojaxi)23 da ojaxis funqcionirebas (rogor eqcevian ojaxis wevrebi erTmaneTs).24
Tanatolebis sakiTxTan mimarTebiT mniSvnelovania deviaciuri qcevis mqone Tana-
tolebTan urTierToba, vinaidan delinqventurobis prognozirebis erT-erTi yvelaze
Zlieri maCvenebeli asocirdeba delinqventi Tanatolebis wresTan. saTerlendis 1947
wlis diferencialuri kavSiris Teoriidan gamomdinare, delinqventuri xasiaTis Seswav-
la xdeba TanatolebTan socialur urTierTobebSi. arasrulwlovnebi, romlebic dakav-
Sirebuli arian delinqvent TanatolebTan, savaraudod, daarRveven kanons, radgan isini
iseT Sexedulebebs swavloben maTgan, romelic misaRebi da mosawoni iqneba maTi delin-
qventi Tanatolebis mier. akersis 1985 wlis socialuri swavlebis Teoria ufro ganav-
rcobs da afarToebs diferencialuri kavSiris Teorias imis mtkicebiT, rom delinkve-
turobis mizezebi gamomdinareobs ara marto naswavli Sexedulebebidan, aramed, aseve,
delinqventur qcevaze iZulebiTi zegavleniTac, romelSic igulisxmeba jildo an dasja
da romelic, aseve xorcieldeba sxvisi saqcielis modelirebiT an imitaciiT.25
erT-erTi longitudinaluri (sigrZivi) kvleva gadmoscems, rom antisocialuri qcev-
is mimdevar TanatolTa wreSi CarTuloba erTaderTi maCvenebelia, romelsac pirdapiri
da ufro Zlieri gavlena aqvs mozardis Semdgom delinqventur qcevaze, vidre mis Tav-
dapirvel deviantobas. delinqventi Tanatolebis yola, maTTan mijaWvuloba an aliansi,
erTad gatarebuli dro da TanatolTa mxridan zewola devianturobaze _ asocirebulia
mozardTa antisocialur qcevasTan.26 bulingis problemac swored Tanatolebis kuTxiT
warmodgenil faqtorebs Soris unda iqnes ganxiluli.
3) sazogadoebrivi risk-faqtorebi, romelTac SeiZleba mivakuTvnoT socialuri kla-
si, ekologiuri garemo da saganmanaTleblo garemo.
socialur klasTan, rogorc delinqventurobasTan asocirebul savaraudo faqtor-
Tan mimarTebiT, aSS-Si Catarebulma erT-erTma kvlevam daadgina, rom struqturul
pozicias, rogoric socialuri klasi da macxovrebelTa sazogadoebaa, mniSvnelovani
gavlena aqvs delinqventurobaze. bavSvebi, romlebic ukiduresad gaWirvebuli da mud-
mivi siRaribis qveS myofi ojaxebidan arian, metad arian CarTuli delinqventurobaSi,
gansakuTrebiT ki seriozul delinqventurobaSi. aseT garemoSi, ekonomikur siduxWiresa
da stresuli cxovrebis movlenebs mivyavarT mSoblisa da Svilis emociuri mijaWvulo-

21
Loeber R. and Stouthamer-Loeber M., Family Factors as Correlates and Predictors of Juvenile Conduct Problems and Delinquency,
1986, gv. 29-149 in Crime and Justice: An annual review of research, Vol. 7, editied my Michael Tonry and Norval Morris, Chica-
go: University of Chicago Press;
22
Caeti, Tory J., and Eric J. Fritsch, “At-Risk Youth,” Encyclopedia of Juvenile Justice, Ed., Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE, 2002. 22-
28. SAGE Reference Online.Web. 22 Feb. 2012.
23
http://www.nap.edu/catalog/9747.html , Juvenile Crimes, Juvenile Justice, Panel on Juvenile Crime: Prevention, Treatment, and
Control, Committee on Law and Justice, and Board on Children, Youth, and Families, National Research Council, and Institute of
Medicine, NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS, Washington, DC, 2001, gv. 75
24
iqve, gv.78.
25
John A. Winterdyk, Juvenile justice systems, international perspectives, published by Canadian Scholars’ Press Inc., Toronto, On-
tario, gv.1997, gv. 289-292.
26
http://www.nap.edu/catalog/9747.html , Juvenile Crimes, Juvenile Justice, Panel on Juvenile Crime: Prevention, Treatment, and
Control, Committee on Law and Justice, and Board on Children, Youth, and Families, National Research Council, and Institute of
Medicine, NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS, Washington, DC, 2001, gv. 81.

38
arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis sistemaSi arsebuli irine
prevenciis doneebi da SerCeuli intervenciebis efeqturoba xerxeuliZe

bis, maTi CarTulobisa da arasrulwlovanze mSobelTa kontrolis naklebobamde.27

ekologiur garemoSi igulisxmeba arasrulwlovanTaTvis SesaZleblobebsa da re-
sursebze xelmiswavdomoba maTi sacxovrebeli adgilidan gamomdinare. bavSvebisTvis,
romlebic izrdebian iseT samezobloSi, sadac aris umuSevrobis maRali xarisxi, siR-
aribe da danaSauli, _ danaSaulis Cadena SesaZloa, iyos misaRebi alternativa, radgan
sxva SesaZleblobis naklebobaa. im adgilebSi, sadac siRaribis done maRalia, iaraRi da
narkotiki advilad xelmisawvdomia, srulwlovani mezoblebi CarTuli arian danaSaul-
Si, da socialuri urTierTobebi deorganizebulia, _ delinqventurobis riski sakmaod
maRalia.28
saganmanaTleblo garemoSi, ZiriTadad skola moiazreba. kerZod, skolis gacdenis
koeficienti, skolidan garicxva, akademiuri warumatebloba, swavlis naklebi survili,
susti kavSiri skolasTan _ delinqventurobis maCveneblebad aris miCneuli. amasTan,
saskolo davalebebis Sesulebis xarisxi da miRebuli niSnebi ukavSirdeba rogorc
delinkveturobis risk-faqtors, ise misgan damcav faqtors.29
garda saskolo davalebebis warmatebiT Sesrulebisa, arasrulwlovanTa Soris dam-
cav faqtorebad miCneulia: mSoblis an mzrunveli piris arseboba, mSoblis CarTulo-
ba mozardis ganviTarebaSi; TanatolTa iseT jgufSi CarTuloba, romelic afasebs da
xels uwyobs prosocialur qcevas da akademiur warmatebas; saqmianobebi, romlebic xels
uwyobs gadawyvetilebis damoukideblad miRebasa da kritikul azrovnebas.30 delinqven-
turobis SemcirebaSi warmatebis saukeTeso maCveneblebad pirobiTad miCneulia stabi-
luri ojaxi da mSoblebis mxridan kargi monitoringis ganxorcieleba, pozitiuri molo-
dini momavlisagan da aradelinqventi Tanatolebi.
sakiTxis saerTaSoriso aqtualobis kvaldakval arasrulwlovanTa danaSaulis
risk-fqtorebis kvlevas jerovani yuradReba mieqca qarTul sivrceSic. 2015-2017 wlebis
arasrulwlovanTa danaSaulis prevenciis strategiis ganxorcielebis samoqmedo gegmaSi
arasrulwlovanTa danaSaulis risk-faqtorebis kvleva samoqmedo gegmis erT-erT mniS-
vnelovan miznad iqna miTiTebuli Sesabamisi Sedegis miRwevis gaTvaliswinebiTac. dasax-
uli miznis gansaxorcieleblad 2015 wels arasrulwlovanTa kanonsawinaaRmdego qcevis
xelSemwyobi faqtorebis Tvisebrivi kvleva Catarda Tbilisis masStabiT. am piloturi
kvlevis mizani iyo arasrulwlovanTa kanonsawinaaRmdego qcevis xelSemwyobi faqtore-
bis identificireba saqarTveloSi. sxva ZiriTad sakiTxebTan erTad kvlevam moicva iseTi
gadamwyveti faqtorebi, rogoricaa:
• ojaxis, socialuri garemos, skolis zegavlena mozardTa kanonsawinaaRmdego
qcevaze;
• mozardTa Rirebulebebisa da cxovrebis wesis zegavlena arasrulwlovanTa kanon-
sawinaaRmdego qcevaze.
kvlevis Sedegebis safuZvliani Seswavla uCvenebs, rom saqarTveloSi am mimarTebiT
arsebuli viTarebis Sedegebi aRniSnuli sakiTxebis mimarT amerikuli da evropuli kv-
levebis mier gakeTebuli daskvnebis msgavsia da Seesabameba kriminilog mecnierTa Zir-

27
Hawkins, J., T. Herrenkohl, D. Farrington, D. Brewer, R. Catalano, T. Harachi, et al. 2000, Predictors of Youth Violence. Washing-
ton, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.
28
xerxeuliZe i., „arasrulwlovanTa danaSauli da misi gamomwvevi mizezebi iuvenaluri iusticiis sistemeb-
Si“, Tbilisis universitetis gamomcemloba, 2013, samarTlis Jurnali #2, 2012, gv. 312-313.
29
Caeti, Tory J., and Eric J. Fritsch, “At-Risk Youth,” Encyclopedia of Juvenile Justice. Ed., Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE, 2002. 22-
28. SAGE Reference Online.Web. 22 Feb. 2012.
30
iap de vardi, holandiis iusticiis saministros ufrosi mrCeveli politikis sakiTxebSi, evrokavSiris
proeqtis eqsperti, prezentacia seminarSi „arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis politikisa da danaSau-
lis prevenciis sakiTxebze“ organizebuli evrokavSiris proeqtis „sisxlis samarTlis sistemis reformis
mxardaWera saqarTveloSi“ mxardaWeriT, Tb., 2014.

39
sisxlis samarTlis aqtualuri sakiTxebi #1

iTad xedvebs.
saqarTveloSi (TbilisSi) Catarebuli kvlevis Sedegebma aCvena, rom kanonsawinaaRm-
dego qcevis faqtorebze saubrisas, kvlevis monawile TiToeuli samizne jgufi, maT
Soris kanonTan konfliqtSi myofi mozardebi da maTi ojaxis wevrebi, kanonsawinaaRm-
dego qcevis erT-erT ganmapirobebel faqtorad ojaxur garemos asaxelebdnen da pasux-
ismgeblobis udides wils swored ojaxs akisrebdnen. Tavis mxriv ojaxuri garemodan
gamomdinare, negatur aspeqtebad gamokveTilia: disfunqciuri ojaxi; ojaxis wevri sas-
jelaRsrulebis dawesebulebaSi; Svilebis (gansakuTrebiT biWebis) aRzrdis procesSi ma-
mis roli; ojaxSi Zaladoba; ojaxis wevrebis mxridan alkohol da wamal damokidebuleba;
fsiqologiuri daSoreba mSobelsa da Svils Soris; fizikuri daSoreba mSobelsa da Svils
Soris; Svilebis mimarT mSoblebis dabalansebuli yuradRebis sakiTxi; aRzrdis araTanmim-
devruli meTodebi; Tavsmoxveuli ojaxuri stereotipebi.
garda amis, rogorc es mosalodnelic iyo, kvlevis farglebSi gamovlenili kanonsaw-
inaaRmdego qcevis ganmapirobebel danarCen faqtorebad identificirebul iqna: ganaT-
lebis sistema da skolis garemo; individualuri faqtorebi; mozardis uSualo garemocva.31
sabolood, amgvari kvlevebis Sedegebis gaTvaliswineba danaSaulis prevenciaze
mimarTuli intervenciebis gansaxorcieleblad amosaval msazRvrels unda warmoadgen-
des.

3. risk-faqtorebze dafuZnebuli intervenciebi da

maTi efeqturobis Sefaseba

saerTaSoriso doneze aRiarebuli e.w. „riadis wesebis~ me-5 ZiriTadi principis (e)
qvepunqti, danaSaulis progresuli prevenciis politikisa da Sesabamisi RonisZiebebis
sistemis SemuSavebisaTvis saWirod miiCnevs „imis gaTvaliswinebas, rom axalgazrduli
qmedebebi an saqcieli, romlebic ar Seesabameba yvela socialur normas da Rirebulebas,
xSirad warmoadgens ganviTarebisa da zrdis procesis nawils da spontanurad uCinardeba
umetes pirebSi zrdasruli asakis miRwevisas~.
amdenad, cxadia, rom risk-faqtorebze dafuZnebuli intervenciebis saxeebis gansaz-
Rvrisas mxedvelobaSi unda viqonioT arasrulwlovanTa danaSaulisaTvis damaxasiaTe-
beli Taviseburebebi, _ dakavSirebuli maT masStabsa da bunebasTan. kerZod, miuxedavad
imisa, rom efeqturi Carevebi, romlebic mimarTulia riskisa da damcav faqtorebze,
SesaZlebelia, ganxorcieldes prevenciis samive doneze, gamomdinare iqidan, rom aras-
rulwlovanTa delinqventoba garkveulwilad stabiluri faqtia da mxolod mcire ra-
odenobis axalgazrdebSi fiqsirdeba danaSaulis ganmeorebiT Cadenis maCvenebeli, _
moraluri gangaSis gamocxadeba saWiro ar aris da amdenad, aqcentis gakeTeba maRali
riskis Semcveli faqtorebis SemTxvevebSi ufro metad unda moxdes. kerZod, aq igulisx-
meba is, rom intervenciebi piradi da socialuri garemoebebidan gamomdinare, maRali
riskis matarebel axalgazrda samarTaldamrRvevebzea mimarTuli.32

31
arasrulwlovanTa kanonsawinaaRmdego qcevis xelSemwyobi faqtorebis piloturi kvleva, Catarebuli
„saqarTvelos iusticiis saministros ssip „danaSaulis prevenciis centris“, iusticiis saministros anal-
itikuri departamentisa da evrokavSiris proeqtis „sisxlis samarTlis marTlmsajulebis sistemis re-
formis mxardaWera saqarTveloSi“ iniciativiT da CarTulobiT, eisiTi, 2015.
32
iap de vardi, holandiis iusticiis saministros ufrosi mrCeveli politikis sakiTxebSi, evrokavSiris
proeqtis eqsperti, prezentacia seminarSi „arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis politikisa da danaSau-
lis prevenciis sakiTxebze“ organizebuli evrokavSiris proeqtis „sisxlis samarTlis sistemis reformis
mxardaWera saqarTveloSi“ mxardaWeriT, Tb., 2014.

40
arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis sistemaSi arsebuli irine
prevenciis doneebi da SerCeuli intervenciebis efeqturoba xerxeuliZe

am mimarTebiT swori da praqtikuli prevenciuli politikis gasatareblad, upriania,

arasrulwlovanTa marTlsawinaaRmdego qceva pirobiTad davyoT oportunistul da da-
Jinebul qcevebad, sadac pirvelSi vigulisxmebT SemTxveviT, danaSaulis Cadenis „kargi
SesaZleblobis~, Sesabamisi garemoebidan gamomdinare, kanondamrRvev axalgazrdas, xolo
meoreSi _ e.w. „seriul damnaSaveebs~, anu gamousworebel axalgazrda samarTaldamr-
Rvevebs. arasrulwlovan samarTaldamrRvevTa udidesi nawili, maTi zemoaRniSuli max-
asiaTebeli niSnebidan gamomdinare, oportunistul damrRvevTa ricxvs miekuTvneba da
Sesabamisad, maT mimarT gasatarebeli prevenciuli RonisZiebebi prevenciis SedarebiT
dabal doneze tardeba (igulisxmeba meore done, magaliTad, mas Semdeg, rac bavSvma Caid-
ina vandalizmi an CaerTo CxubSi) formalur intervenciebTan erTad gazrdili zedamxed-
velobisa da kontrolis gamoyenebiT, da amasTan, ufro maRali efeqturi maCvenebliT
xasiaTdeba. Sesabamisad, msgavsi qceva ZiriTadad 14-18 wlis axalgazrdebs axasiaTebs da
zrdasrulobiT gamowveuli pasuxismgeblobis gaCenisTanave qreba.33
am perspeqtividan danaSaulis Cadenis sawyisi asaki erT-erTi yuradsaRebi komponen-
tia. mravalma kvlevam, romelic aSS-Si Catarda, daadastura, rom, rac ufro adre iwyebs
axalgazrda samarTlis normebis darRvevas, miT metia albaToba imisa, rom is momavalSic
gaagrZelebs aseT qcevas. kvlevebma aseve aCvenes, rom erT-erTi faqtorTagani, romelTa
meSveobiTac, SesaZloa, winaswar vivaraudoT, vin iqneba „qronikuli damnaSave~, _ aris
danaSaulis adreul asakSi Cadena. marvin volfgangma, terens sornberim da robert fi-
gliom magaliTad aiRes filadelfiis kohortuli kvlevebis 10 % 30 wlis asakis damna-
SaveebTan dakavSirebiT da aRmoaCines, rom danaSaulebis saSualo raodenoba danaSaulze
uaris Tqmis tendenciaze miuTiTebda TiTqmis yvela maTganis SemTxvevaSi, ramdenadac
maT mier danaSaulis pirvelad Cadenis asaki matulobda. alfred blumsteinma, devid
faringtonma da soumio moitram aseve aCvena, rom erT-erTi faqtorTagani, romelTa
meSveobiTac SesaZloa winaswar vivaraudoT, vin iqneba qronikuli damnaSave, _ iyo da-
naSaulis adreul asakSi Cadena. faringtonma Semdgomi kvlevebiT aseve aRmoaCina, rom
isini, romlebic damnaSaveebad iqnen cnobili 10-12 wlis asakSi, ganuwyvetliv sCadiodnen
danaSauls Zalian maRali koeficientiT da ufro didi xnis ganmavlobaSi, vidre isini,
romelTac pirveli danaSauli ufro did asakSi Caidines.34 aqedan gamomdinare, keTdeba
daskvna, rom arsebobs seriozuli da daJinebuli damrRvevebis Zalian patara jgufi,
romlebic samarTaldarRvevis Cadenas adreul asakSi iwyeben, samarTaldarRvevebi Tan-
daTanobiT sul ufro seriozul xasiaTs iRebs, meordeba da zrdasrulobis asakSic gr-
Zeldeba. Tu daJinebul samarTaldarRvevad sisxlis samarTlis sistemaSi xuTi an meti
darRvevisaTvis moxvedras CavTvliT, maSin es jgufi arasrulwlovan damnaSaveTa 6-7% -s
Seadgens, magram saqme isaa, rom es jgufi arasrulwlovanTa mier Cadenili danaSaulis
mTeli maCveneblis naxevarze mets sCadis. Sesabamisad, prevenciis politika swored am
samarTaldamrRvevebisken unda iyos mimarTuli.35
es niSnavs imas, rom intervenciis ganxorcielebisas ZiriTadi fokusi e.w. `qronikul
damnaSaveebze~ unda gakeTdes, romelTac axasiaTebT iseTi faqtorebis akumulireba, ro-
goricaa: piradi maxasiaTeblebi araxelsayrel mdgomareobasTan kombinaciaSi; susti ver-
baluri SesaZleblobebi; skolasTan naklebi kavSiri; TanatolTa jgufebSi gaerTianeba;
alkoholisa da narkotikebis moxmareba. amasTan, damaimedebeli faqtia is, rom evropuli
kvlevebis mixedviT arasrulwlovan delinqventTa mxolod 5%-ia mudmivi delinqventi.
isini mZime danaSaulebis mTeli raodenobis 33%-s sCadian. srulwlovanebis asakis miRw-

33
vaikundi u., marTlmsajuleba bavSvebisaTvis, gaeros bavSvTa fondi (UNICEF) , Tb., 2013, leqcia me-9.
34
Bartollas Clemens, Miller Stuart J., Juvenile Justice in America, second edition, 1998, Prentice Hall, Inc., gv. 77.
35
vaikundi u., marTlmsajuleba bavSvebisaTvis, gaeros bavSvTa fondi (UNICEF) , Tb., 2013, leqcia me-9.

41
sisxlis samarTlis aqtualuri sakiTxebi #1

evis Semdeg maT mier Cadenili danaSaulis maCvenebeli mcirdeba.36

Sesabamisad, Teoriulad, maRali riskis Semcvel faqtorebze fokusireba danaSaulis
prevenciis mizniT efeqturi Carevis ganxorcielebis erT-erTi yvelaze mniSvnelovani
saSualeba unda iyos, vinaidan aq yvelaze metadaa saWiro intervencia, ramdenadac pre-
venciis mesame donesTan gvaqvs saqme. Tumca, praqtikulad, samwuxarod, am axalgazrda
samarTaldamrRvevTa jgufis SemTxvevaSi marTlmsajulebis sistemebis mier gatarebuli
intervenciebi arcTu ise warmatebulia. Cven vcdilobT isini axalgazrda samarTladam-
rRvevTa dawesebulebaSi gamovasworoT, magram danaSaulis ganmeorebiT Cadenis maCvene-
beli kvlav maRali rCeba. namdvilad efeqtiani programebi iSviaTia. rogorc adrindel,
aseve mogvianebiT Catarebul kvlevebSi kargad Cans programebis naklebefeqtianoba. am
axalgazrda samarTladamrRvevebis gamosworebis warumatebloba ramdenime mizeziT aix-
sneba. erT-erTi mTavari mizezi efeqturi meTodebis arasrulyofili codnaa. bevri in-
etrevencia „saRi azrisa~ da kargi ganzraxvebiT moqmedebis princips efuZneba da ara
damtkicebul efeqturobas. Tumca, unda aRiniSnos, rom aris garkveuli winsvlac, ro-
melic kognituri qcevis trening-programebis efeqturobaze miuTiTebs. meore mizezi
aris is, rom gamosworebis programebi damrRvevTa cxovrebis mxolod mcire periods
faravs, ris Semdgomac isini TavianT araxelsayrel samezoblos, delinqvent Tanatolebs
da „Cveul qmedebebs~ ubrundebian. magram gacilebiT mniSvnelovan mizezs warmoadgens is
faqti, rom intervencia Zalian dagvianebul etapze xorcieldeba _ maSin, roca axalgazr-
debi danaSaulebrivi qmedebebis pikze arian, roca danaSauli maTi cxovrebis wesi xdeba.
Tumca, es imas ar niSnavs, rom aseT viTarebaSi da am doneze ganxorcielebuli inter-
vencia usargebloa.37 ufro metic, aq intervenciis ganxorcieleba aucilebeli da gar-
duvalicaa. amasTan, prevenciuli Carevisas maxvilis gakeTeba maRali riskis faqtorebis
momcvel SemTxvevebze ar gulisxmobs, rom Careva efeqturi ar iqneba prevenciis Sedare-
biT dabal doneebze.
piriqiT, kvlevebi cxadyofs, rom patara bavSvebze zemoqmedeba gacilebiT ufro
efeqturia, vidre mozrdilebze, radgan patarebi ufro damyolni arian, maSin, roca
asakis matebasTan erTad adamianebi ufro jiutebi xdebian da naklebad emorCilebian
cvlilebebs.38
aqedan gamomdinare, SeiZleba gakeTdes iseTi daskvnac, rom adreuli Careva, TiTqos,
yvela SemTxvevaSi upirobod dadebiTi efeqtis momtani unda iyos, magram es mxolod
sakiTxis zedapiruli xedviT Sejerebuli suraTi iqneba, ramdenadac efeqturi inter-
venciis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani mimarTuleba aseve Carevis droulobis Sefasebaa. drou-
li Careva ki warmatebuli intervenciis sawindaria.
intervenciis droulobis sworad gansazRvra mniSvnelovania imdenad, ramdenadac,
Tavis mxriv, didia is safrTxe, romelic adreulma Carevam SeiZleba gamoiwvios. miuxe-
davad imisa, rom evropuli kvlevebis Sefasebebi gviCvenebs, rom Carevebis Sedegad prob-
lemuri qcevis maCvenebeli 15%-iT Semcirda, gasaTvaliswinebelia is faqti, rom efeqti
uamravi saxis SeiZleba iyos _ adreul Carevas bavSvze ara mxolod dadebiTi, aramed
uaryofiTi zegavlenis moxdenac SeuZlia. magaliTad, Tu, erTi mxriv, adreuli Care-
vis efeqti aris is, rom skolamdeli asakis bavSvebis umetesoba, romlebic ukiduresad
problemur qcevas avlenen, _ qronikuli delinqvventuri qcevis mqone mozardebi an zr-

36
iap de vardi, holandiis iusticiis saministros ufrosi mrCeveli politikis sakiTxebSi, evrokavSiris
proeqtis eqsperti, prezentacia seminarSi „arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis politikisa da danaSau-
lis prevenciis sakiTxebze“ organizebuli evrokavSiris proeqtis „sisxlis samarTlis sistemis reformis
mxardaWera saqarTveloSi“ mxardaWeriT, Tb., 2014.
37
vaikundi u., marTlmsajuleba bavSvebisaTvis, gaeros bavSvTa fondi (UNICEF), Tb., 2013, leqcia me-9.
38
iqve, leqcia me-9.

42
arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis sistemaSi arsebuli irine
prevenciis doneebi da SerCeuli intervenciebis efeqturoba xerxeuliZe

dasrulebi ar xdebian, meore mxriv, adreulma Carevam SeiZleba bavSvisaTvis damnaSavis

iarliyis miwebeba da Sedegad, misi marTlmsajulebis sistemaSi moxvedra gamoiwvios.39

I. intervencia pirveli donis prevenciisas

pirveli donis prevenciis Sesabamisi intervenciis ideaa, rom, arasrulwlovnis
marTlmsajulebis sistemaSi myisierad gadacemis nacvlad, sazogadoeba Tavadve Seeca-
dos sakuTari problemebis mogvarebas da moaxdinos Careva arasrulwlovnis sasarge-
blod. isini organizebas ukeTeben socialur da rekriaciul programebs, raTa arasrul-
wlovnebs hqondeT SesaZlebloba CaerTon konstruqciul aqtivobebSi. SeiZleba iTqvas,
amgvari midgoma SesabamisobaSia da pirdapir gamomdinareobs e.w. riadis wesebSi moce-
muli me-2 ZiriTadi principidan, romelic ganmartavs, rom „arasrulwlovanTa danaSau-
lis warmatebiT aRkveTa moiTxovs mcdelobebis ganxorcielebas mTlianad sazogadoe-
bisagan, raTa uzrunvelyofil iqnes mozardTa harmoniuli ganviTareba, bavSvobidanve
maTSi pirovnebis Camoyalibebis xelSewyobis gziT~. adreuli Careva, romelic SeiZleba
ganxorcieldes danaSulis preveciis pirvel doneze, SeiZleba gamoixatos mraval pro-
gramaSi. magaliTad, aSS-Si aris am doneze ganxorcielebadi danaSaulis prevenciis bev-
ri programa, romelic SeiZleba davajgufoT dawyebuli pre-natalur periodSi saxlSi
meddis vizitebis programidan, damTavrebuli wina saskolo ganaTlebis programebiT im
bavSvebisaTvis, romlebic akademiuri warumateblobis riskis qveS arian. adreuli in-
tervenciis programebi absolutur siaxles ar warmoadgenen. magaliTad, jer kidev 1960
wels aSS-Si vxvdebiT `Head Start~-is ganviTarebas, romelic iyo kargad damkvidrebuli wi-
nasaskolo programa araxelsayrel samezobloSi mcxovrebi axalgazrdebisaTvis. Tumca
sagulisxmoa, rom aseTi programebis impelmentacia xdeboda ara `delinqventurobis pre-
venciis~ erTiani qolgis qveS, aramed aRniSnuli programa prezident jonsonis `siRari-
besTan brZolis~ programis nawils warmoadgenda. dResdReobiT es midgoma Secvlilia
da 1974 wlis federaluri iuvenaluri iusticiisa da delinkveturobis prevenciis aqt-
Si ganxorcielebuli cvlilebiT damkvidrebulia `sazogadoebrivi prevenciis sagranto
programebi~, romlebic riskisa da misgan damcavi faqtorebis codnis Sefasebazea dam-
yarebuli. aseTi proeqtebi mimarTulia axalgazrdebis dasaqmebisa da ganaTlebis Ses-
aZleblobis xelSewyobisaken. magaliTad, aSS-Si pirveli donis adreuli intervenciis
programaa `sazogadoeba, romelic zrunavs~, romelic axdens riskze fokusirebul pre-
venciaze xazgasmas.40
am sakiTxze evropuli gamocdilebis dasanaxad SeiZleba magaliTad moviyvanoT nid-
erlandebSi arsebuli programa Halt, romelic muSaobs rogorc marTlmsajulebis ofi-
cialuri sistemidan arasulwlovanTa ganridebis mimarTulebiT, aseve arasrulwlo-
vanTa danaSulis prevenciis kuTxiTac da sakuTar mosaxlobas Sesabamisi prevenciuli
programebiT uzrunvelyofs.
Halt-is prevenciuli amocana prevenciis pirvel doneze ganxorcielebadi program-
is farglebSi moicavs: saganmanaTleblo programebs bavSvebisaTvis, maTi mSoblebisa da
maswavleblebisaTvis. esaa usafrTxo skolis programa. aq mTavar Temebad gvevlineba:
danaSaulebrivi qceva; normebi da Rirebulebebi; jgufis qceva. prevenciis pirvel do-
neze Halt iZleva aseve miznobriv rCevebs adgilobrivi xelisuflebisaTavis, skolebisa

39
iap de vardi, holandiis iusticiis saministros ufrosi mrCeveli politikis sakiTxebSi, evrokavSiris
proeqtis eqsperti, prezentacia seminarSi „arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis politikisa da danaSau-
lis prevenciis sakiTxebze“ organizebuli evrokavSiris proeqtis „sisxlis samarTlis sistemis reformis
mxardaWera saqarTveloSi“ mxardaWeriT, Tb., 2014.
40
Donna M. Bishop and Scott H. Decker wignSi Intrenational Handbook of Juvenile Justice, Josine Junger-Tas -is da Scott H.
Decker -is redaqtorobiT Springer Netherlands, 2006, gv. 22

43
sisxlis samarTlis aqtualuri sakiTxebi #1

da yvela im sxva organizaciisTavis, romelic TanamSromlobs masTan. amgvari rCvevis

mcemisas Halt iyenebs ra erovnuli informirebis sistemas, miznobriv informacias awvdis
zemoaRniSnul warmonaqmnebs garSemo arsebuli arasrulwlovanTa danaSauls ganviTare-
bis Sesaxeb, romelsac es struqturebi sakiTxTan mimarTebiT sakuTari politikis gansa-
sazRvrad gamoiyeneben.
zogadi saxiT pirveli donis prevenciis programaTa CamonaTvali aq Semdeg aqtivobebs
gvTavazobs: pro-socialuri unar-Cvevebis popularizacia; treningi TanatolebTan urT-
ierTobebSi; skolis Semdgomi rekreaciuli programebi; socialuri ganviTarebis pro-
gramebi; saojaxo Terapia; skolamdeli asakis bavSvTa programebi; saskolo garemos gaum-
jobeseba.41
rac Seexeba saqarTvelos, prevenciis sawyis safexurze mniSvnelovania ganaTlebisa
da mecnierebis saministros mimdinare reforma, romelmac prevenciisa da skolebSi usa-
frTxoebis uzrunvelyofis TvalsazrisiT mandaturis samsaxuris roli ufro efeqturi
unda gaxados.42 ufro konkretulad ki, 2015-2017 wlebis arasrulwlovanTa danaSaulis
prevenciis strategiis ganxorcielebis samoqmedo gegmaSi, prevenciis pirvel doneze
gasatareblad gawerilia iseTi aqtivobebi, rogoricaa:
• arasrulwlovanTa unar-Cvevebze orientirebuli trening-programebis SemuSaveba
da danergva skolebSi, _ rac saSualebas miscems mozardebs ara mxolod zogadi
ganaTleba SeiZinon skolaSi, aramed CaerTon maTTvis gankuTvnil programebSi,
riTac metad ganimtkiceben sakuTar SesaZleblobebs;
• skolis farglebSi Tanatolebs Soris pozitiuri urTierTobebis xelSewyoba
da am mizniT programebis ganviTareba, _ rac Tavis mxriv warmoadgenis saskolo
bulingis mzardi problemis Semakavebel erT-erTi faqtors;
• arasrulwlovanTaTvis kulturuli da socialuri aqtivobebis ganviTareba, xe-
lSewyoba da popularizacia; skolis Semdgomi, rekreaciuli aqtivobebis ganvi-
Tareba, romelTa mizania Tavisufali drois Sevseba da swori dagegmva. cxadia, es
ukanaskneli aqtivobebi qmediTi instrumenti iqneba arasrulwlovnis Tavisufali
drois konstruqciulad gatarebisa da danaSaulebriv saqmianobaSi SesaZlo Car-
Tulobis Tavidan acilebis TvalsazrisiT.
saboloo jamSi, es yvelaferi imaze migvaniSnebs, rom efeqturi intervenciis gansax-
orcieleblad aqcenti unda keTdebodes, erTi mxriv, arsebuli riskis donis Sefasebaze,
rac Tavis mxriv korelaciaSia prevenciis calkeul donesTan da maRali risk-faqtore-
bis arsebobisas Carevis garduvalobasac gulisxmobs da meore mxriv, interveniciis ganx-
orcielebis droulobis sworad gansazRvris did mniSvnelobaze, romelic sxvadasxva
maxasiaTebelTan erTobliobaSi unda Sefasdes.

II. intervencia meore donis prevenciisas

meore donis prevencia gaTvlilia im axalgazrdebze, romlebmac ukve gamoavlines
problemebi qcevaSi, anu miCneul iqnen deviaciuri qcevis mozardebad. magaliTad, gair-
icxnen skolidan an pirvelad arian dakavebuli, rogorc wesi, wvrilmani, araZalado-
brivi danaSaulisaTvis.
aSS-Si meore donis prevenciis cnobil programebs warmoadgenen axalgazrdaTa sa-
samarTloebi (Teen Courts). es aris `araoficialuri sasamarTloebi~, romelTac gadae-
cemaT axalgazrdebi marTlmsajulebis formalur sistemaSi moxvedris nacvlad. aseT
sasamarTloSi gadasacem pirTa wre Semofarglulia im arasulwlovnebiT, romelTac

41
www.halt.nl/english
42
2016 wlebis arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis sistemis reformis strategia.

44
arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis sistemaSi arsebuli irine
prevenciis doneebi da SerCeuli intervenciebis efeqturoba xerxeuliZe

pirvelad edebaT brali iseTi deviaciuri qcevebisaTvis, rogoricaa (vandalizmi, jibis

qurdoba, alkoholis moxmareba). rogorc wesi, aseTi sasamarTloebi arasrulwlovnebs
akisreben zianis anazRaurebis movaleobas an bodiSis moxdas werilobiTi formiT. empir-
iuli dakvirvebiT dadasturebulia TineijerTa sasamarTloebis efeqturobis grZelva-
dianoba.43
aseve cnobili progaramaa DARE, narkotikebis moxmarebis prevenciis programa, ro-
melsac uZRvebian policiis oficrebi aSS-s skolebSi. igi gamiznulia 11-12 wlis aras-
rulwlovanTaTvis. programis mixedviT, policiis oficrebi valdebulni arian aamaRlon
bavSvebis cnobiereba im zianis Sesaxeb, rac asocirebulia narkotikebis gamoyenebasTan
da daexmaron bavSvs iseTi gamocdilebis miRebaSi, rac saSualebas miscems arasrulwlo-
vans, rom igi win aRudges socialuri garemodan momdinare sawyis zewolas narkotikebis
pirvelad moxmarebasTan dakavSirebiT. miuxedavad am programis Zalian mcire pozitiur
zegavlenisa, is mainc Zalian popularulia.44 aSS-is mier ganxorcielebuli Semdgomi Zal-
isxmeva, romelic mimarTulia meoreuli prevenciis ganxorcielebisaken, aseve Seicavs
`saSiSi simarTlis~ programis bevr variacias, romelic dafuZnebulia daSinebis Teori-
aze. es programa inicirebuli iyo Rahway-is niu-jersis saxelmwifo cixeSi gvian, 1970-
ian wlebSi. am programis mixedviT, arasrulwlovnebi mihyavT cixeSi erTi dRiT da xdeba
maTi dapirispireba patimrebTan, romlebic Tavisi gamocdilebis gaziarebiT afrTxoben
maT da uamboben cixis cxovrebis saSinelebaze. miuxedavd imisa, rom `saSiSi simarTlis~
programis mravalricxovani Sefaseba Tanmimdevrulad uCvenebs, rom isini, metwilad,
recidivis gazrdas ufro iwveven, vidre mis Semcirebas, mainc popularulia imiT, rom
sasjelis muqara efeqturi Semakavebeli faqtoria, romelic xels uwyobs maT SemdgomSi
SeCerebas.45
rac Seexeba evropul gamocdilebas, zeviT magaliTad moyvanili niderlandebSi ar-
sebuli programa Halt, meore donis prevenciis ganxorcielebisas fokusirebas axdens
arasrulwlovnebis specifikur risk-jgufebze. am mimarTebiT Halt uZRveba adgilobrivi
danaSaulis prevenciis proeqtebs da mTels adgilobriv samezoblo qselTan da marTlm-
sajulebasTan erTad monawileobs prevenciis sazogadoebriv proeqtebSi, sadac aseTi
kolaboraciis mTavar elementad swored organizaciaTaSorisi TanamSromloba gvevline-
ba. aseT TanamSromlobaSi SeiZleba, aseve, CarTuli iyos policiis, probaciis, saxanZro
usafrTxoebisa da jandacvis struqturis warmomadgenlebi.46 meore donis prevenciis
yvelaze warmatebuli proeqtebia: „Tanatolebis mediacia~ da „umarTavi Svilebis mS-
oblebi~.47
evropis qveynebSi aprobirebuli meore donis prevenciis programebidan zogadi sax-
iT aRsaniSnavia: mentoringis programebi; bulingis prevenciis programebi; konfliqtis
mogvareba; zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolaSi swavlis damTavrebis waxaliseba; profesiuli
treningebi araprivilegirebuli mozardebisaTvis.
saqarTveloSi gansaxorcielebeli prevenciis meore donis Sesabamisi aqtivobebi, pre-
venciis am donisaTvis dadgenili zogadi CarCos da saerTo principis gaTvaliswinebiT

43
Donna M. Bishop and Scott H. Decker wignSi Intrenational Handbook of Juvenile Justice, Josine Junger-Tas - is da Scott H.
Decker - is redaqtorobiT Springer Netherlands, 2006, gv. 24-31.
44
Bartollas Clemens, Miller Stuart J., Juvenile Justice in America, second edition, 1998, Prentice Hall, Inc., gv.256.
45
Donna M. Bishop and Scott H. Decker wignSi Intrenational Handbook of Juvenile Justice, Josine Junger-Tas - is da Scott H.
Decker - is redaqtorobiT Springer Netherlands, 2006, gv. 251.
46
http://www.halt.nl/en/crime-prevention/projects/
47
iap de vardi, holandiis iusticiis saministros ufrosi mrCeveli politikis sakiTxebSi, evrokavSiris
proeqtis eqsperti, prezentacia seminarSi „arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis politikisa da danaSau-
lis prevenciis sakiTxebze“ organizebuli evrokavSiris proeqtis „sisxlis samarTlis sistemis reformis
mxardaWera saqarTveloSi“ mxardaWeriT, Tb., 2014.

45
sisxlis samarTlis aqtualuri sakiTxebi #1

TanxvedraSia aRniSuli sakiTxis mimarT evropul midgomasTan da saqarTvelos arasrul-

wlovanTa danaSaulis prevenciis strategiis samoqmedo gegma iTvaliswinebs Sesabamisi
sxvadasxva RonisZiebis gatarebas, esenia:
Zaladobis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli programebis/RonisZiebebis SemuSaveba da danergva
skolebSi, magaliTad, sisastikisa da danaSaulis niSnebis aRmoCena da saTanado refer-
ireba; adiqtiuri da antisocialuri qcevis mqone arasrulwlovanTaTvis saWiro pro-
gramebi; emociebis marTvisa da socialuri unarebis ganviTarebis treningebi;
sazogadoebrivi cnobierebis amaRleba arasrulwlovanTa danaSaulisa da misi masS-
tabebis Sesaxeb, magaliTad, vandalizmis, bulingis, Zaladobis, narkotikebisa da alko-
holis Sesaxeb sainformacio kampaniis warmoeba;
riskis qveS myof arasrulwlovanTa adreuli, swrafi da efeqturi identificirebis
meqanizmis SemuSaveba da danergva; riskis qveS myof arasrulwlovanTaTvis saganmanaTleb-
lo da samuSao SesaZleblobebis xelmisawvdomobis uzrunvelyofa.48
amasTan, mniSvnelovania imis aRniSvna, rom 2014 wels danaSaulis prevenciis centrSi
Seiqmna calke sammarTvelo, romelic pasuxismgebelia danaSaulis Cadenis riskis qveS
myofi arasrulwlovnebisTvis specializebuli prevenciuli programebis SemuSavebasa da
ganxorcielebaze.49

III. intervencia mesame donis prevenciisas

gansakuTrebuli sifrTxiliT unda mivudgeT prevenciis kuTxiT gansaxorcielebul
intervenciebs mesame donis prevenciis SemTxvevaSi, radgan aq ukve saqme gvaqvs danaSau-
lis Camden arasrulwlovnebTan, romelnic recidivis riskis qveS arian. aseT SemTxveveb-
Si kidev ufro zustad SerCeuli sazomiT unda Sefasdes Carevis proporciuloba. es
imas gulisxmobs, rom nebismeri saxis Carevis ganxorcielebisas mxedvelobaSi unda iqnes
miRebuli arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis fuZemdebluri postulati _ patimrobis
mxolod ukidures SemTxvevaSi da mxolod mZime danaSaulebze sapasuxod gamoyenebis Ses-
axeb da sisxlissamarTlebrivi, represiuli intervenciebis nacvlad aRdgeniTi marTlm-
sajulebis da sazogadoebrivi sanqciebis ufro xSirad gamoyenebis Taobaze.
zogadad, bavSvis uflebaTa komitetis zogadi komentari #10-is mixedviT, im bavSvebTan
dakavSirebiT, romlebmac, savaraudod, daarRvies sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdebloba,
bralad edebaT misi darRveva, an aRiarebuli arian mis damrRvevebad, monawile saxelm-
wifoebs SeuZliaT gamoiyenon ori saxis intervencia: zomebi, romlebic ar gulisxmobs
formaluri samarTlebrivi procedurebis gavlas da zomebi, romlebic SeiZleba miRe-
bul iqnes samarTlebrivi procedurebis konteqstSi.
aq mkafiod unda Sefasdes intervenciis (Carevebis) mizani, romelic kanonTan kon-
fliqtSi myofi bavSvebis reabilitaciis xelSewyobas gulisxmobs. bavSvis uflebaTa kon-
venciis me-40 muxlis pirveli punqti uzrunvelyofs, rom yovel bavSvs, romelmac, ro-
gorc Tvlian, daarRvia sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdebloba, bralad edeba misi darRveva,
an aRiarebulia mis damrRvevad, moepyrobian bavSvis reintegraciisa da sazogadoeba-
Si mis mier sasargeblo rolis SesrulebisaTvis xelSewyobis sasurvelobis gaTvalis-
winebiT. amdenad, damnaSaved cnobil bavSvTan dakavSirebuli nebismieri qmedebis mizani
unda iyos bavSvis reintegracia.50
yovelive aRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT, arasrulwlovnebze orientirebuli sisxlis
48
2015-2017 wlebis arasrulwlovanTa danaSaulis prevenciis strategiis ganxorcielebis samoqmedo gegma.
49
2016 arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis sistemis reformis strategia.
50
hamiltoni q., arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis sakanonmdeblo reformis saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebi,
bavSvTa samarTlebrivi centri da gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis bavSvTa fondi (`iunisefi~), bavSvTa
dacvis ganyofileba, niu-iorki, 2011, gv. 44.

46
arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis sistemaSi arsebuli irine
prevenciis doneebi da SerCeuli intervenciebis efeqturoba xerxeuliZe

samarTlis marTlmsajulebis efeqtiani Carevebi didi sifrTxiliT Sesafasebeli sakiTx-

ia. Zalian mniSvnelovania aseT SemTxvevaSi mxolod im meTodebis gamoyeneba, romelic am-
arTlebs. amis sailustraciod SeiZleba moviyvanoT im represiuli, daSinebisa da dasjis
filosofiaze dafuZnebuli meTodebis magaliTi, romelTac intervenciis SemTxvevaSi
sapirispiro, anu uaryofiTi Sedegebi gamoiwvies prevenciis kuTxiT.
amgvari intervenciis uaryofiTi Sedegi ganmeorebiTi danaSaulis Cadenas gulisx-
mobs. amis magaliTad SeiZleba moviyvanoT intervenciis iseTi programebis arseboba, ro-
goricaa saSiSi simarTle (Scared Straight), Sokuri patimroba (Shock Incarceration), sawvrTneli
banaki (Boot Camps). am saSualebebs, ZiriTadad, amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi mimarTavs.
aSS-is magaliTze, zeviT ukve aRniSnuli, daSinebis Teoriaze dafuZnebuli programa
`saSiSi simarTle~, gamoiyeneba mesame donis prevenciisasac,51 miuxedavad misi aSkara ar-
aefeqturi da sapirispiro Sedegisa. araefeqturi bihevioristuli programebidan aSS-
Si aseve gamoyeneba gamosasworebel „sawvrTnel banakebSi~ moTavseba. igi gulisxmobs
arasrulwlovan damnaSaveTa gamasworebel dawesebulebas, romelic moqmedebs samxedro
disciplinis wesebiT. amave ideis matarebelia e.w. „Sokuri patimroba~, romlis gamomafx-
izlebeli efeqtis Taobaze miuTiTeben. esaa `xanmokle, mkacri Sokuri sasjeli~, rome-
lic aris swrafi da mkacri.~ aRniSnul saSualebebTan mimarTebiT, aSS-is midgoma aris
is, rom aseTi banakebis arsebobiT da amgvari mopyrobiT xelisufleba Tavidan icilebs
recidivis risks `sakarcero Sokis~ meSveobiT da amasTanave, gantvirTavs cixeebs.52 Tum-
ca, rogorc praqtikam uCvena, aseT banakebs ar hqoniaT Sedegebi recidivis Semcirebis
kuTxiT da mis sapirispiro Sedegebs iwvevdnen.53
yovelive zemoaRniSnulis sawinaaRmdegod, arasrulwlovanTa saukeTeso intereseb-
ze dafuZnebuli efeqturi intervencia moicavs mxardaWeras bavSvis aRzrdis procesSi,
kognitur bihevioralur Terapias, dasaqmebaSi daxmarebas, mSobelTa treningsa da men-
toringis programebs.54
mesame donis prevenciaze, maqsimalurad unda SevecadoT, sadac es SesaZlebelia,
gamoviyenoT midgoma „araviTari Careva~ da cxadia, aq, aseT CarevaSi sisxlis samarTlis
saqmis samarTalwarmoebis konteqstSi ganxorcielebuli intervenciebi igulisxmeba.
ar unda mivmarToT intervencias formaluri samarTlebrivi procedurebis gatarebiT
im SemTxvevaSi, Tu danaSauli ar aris mZime da Tu saTanado da konstruqciuli reagire-
ba ukve moaxdina ojaxma, skolam Tu sazogadoebrivi kontrolis sxva araformalurma
institutma an, Tu, savaraudod, moaxdenen isini aseTs. tokios wesebis 132 wesi 5(1) sa-
gangebod gansazRvravs: `sadac Sesaferisia da SeTavsebadia samarTlebriv sistemasTan,
policias, prokuraturas an sxva uwyebebs, romelTa saqmianoba exeba sisxlis samarTlis
saqmeebs, unda mieceT ufleba, damnaSaves mouxsnan brali (Sewyviton saqmiswarmoeba), Tu

51
Bartollas Clemens, Miller Stuart J., Juvenile Justice in America, second edition, 1998, Prentice Hall, Inc., gv.256.
52
anglo-amerikul literaturaSi mniSvnelovania: Morash M., Rucker L., “A critical look at the idea of boot camp as cor-
rectional reform,” Crime and deliquency, tomi 36, #2 1990 wlis aprili, gv. 204. “Boot camps”, Corrections today, 1991
wlis oqtomberi; Mathews R., “The boot camp program for offenders: does the shoe fit?”, damnaSavis Terapiisa da Se-
darebiTi kriminologiis saerTaSoriso Jurnali, 1991, gv. 322; Mackenzie D., Shaw J., Souryal C., “Characteristics
associated with successful adjustment to supervision”, Criminal Justice and behaviour, tomi, XIX, #4, 1992 wlis dekenberi,
gv. 437. Mackenzie D., Piquero., A., “The impact of shock incarceration programs, on prison crowding”, crime and delincuency,
tomi 40, #2, 1994 wlis aprili gv. 222.
53
xerxeuliZe i., `arasrulwlovanTa sasjelis gamoyenebis SedarebiTi analizi aSS-sa da saqarTveloSi“,
statiaTa krebulSi: „arasrulwlovanTa sasjelisa da aRmzrdelobiTi xasiaTis iZulebiT RonisZiebebis
Sefardebis problemebi“, gamomcemloba `meridiani~, Tbilisi 2011, gv. 204-205.
54
iap de vardi, holandiis iusticiis saministros ufrosi mrCeveli politikis sakiTxebSi, evrokavSiris
proeqtis eqsperti, prezentacia seminarSi „arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis politikisa da danaSau-
lis prevenciis sakiTxebze“ organizebuli evrokavSiris proeqtis „sisxlis samarTlis sistemis reformis
mxardaWera saqarTveloSi“ mxardaWeriT, Tb., 2014.

47
sisxlis samarTlis aqtualuri sakiTxebi #1

isini miiCneven, rom sazogadoebis dacvis uzrunvelyofis, danaSaulis prevenciis, kano-

nis pativiscemisa da msxverplTa uflebebis dacvis xelSewyobisaTvis ar aris aucilebe-
li saqmiswarmoebis gagrZeleba~.55
saerTaSoriso doneze aRiarebuli amgvari damokidebuleba kanonTan konfliqtSi my-
ofi arasrulwlovnis mimarT calsaxad gaiziara da daamkvidra saqarTvelos amk-is me-8
da me-9 muxlebma, rodesac, arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebaSi, praqtikulad, prin-
cipis donze daawesa erT SemTxvevaSi yvelaze msubuqi saSualebisa da alternatiuli
zomis prioritetuloba (mux. 8) da meore SemTxvevaSi _ patimroba, rogorc ukiduresi
RonisZieba (mux. 9).
amk-is me-8 muxlis me-2 nawili imperatiulad adgens, rom: „arasrulwlovnis mimarT,
pirvel rigSi, ganixileba ganridebis an aRdgeniTi marTlmsajulebis RonisZiebis gamoy-
enebis SesaZlebloba da fasdeba, sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis dakisrebasa
da sasjelis gamoyenebaze ukeT uzrunvelyofs Tu ara ganrideba an RonisZieba arasrul-
wlovnis resocializacia-reabilitacias da axali danaSaulis Tavidan acilebas.~
sasamarTlos gareSe saqmeTa gadawyvetis sasurvelobas gansakuTrebiT pekinis wesebi
usvams xazs (BR). wesebis Tanaxmad, ganridebis gamoyeneba procesis sxvadasxva stadiaze
unda SeiZlebodes da Sesabamisad, amis uflebamosileba sxvadasxva organosa Tu uwyebas
unda hqondeT.56
am mimarTebiT, mniSvnelovania imis aRniSvnac, rom amk-is 39-e muxliT, miuxedavd imisa,
rom `winasasamarTlo sxdomamde ganridebis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebas iRebs prokurori,
ganrideba SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes agreTve saqmis sasamarTloSi warmarTvis Sem-
degac. aRniSnuli muxliT: „sasamarTlo uflebamosilia ganridebis gamosayeneblad saku-
Tari iniciativiT an mxaris dasabuTebuli Suamdgomlobis safuZvelze saqme daubrunos
prokurors, romelic arasrulwlovan braldebuls ganridebas SesTavazebs da, misi
Tanxmobis SemTxvevaSi, miiRebs gadawyvetilebas ganridebis Sesaxeb.~ rogorc vxedavT,
saqarTvelos amk. yvelanair safuZvels qmnis sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis
dakisrebisa da sasjelis gamoyenebis alternatiuli meqanizmis, kerZod ki, ganridebis
institutis gamoyenebisa da formalur marTlmsajulebis sistemasTan arasrulwlovnis
kontaqtis asacileblad.
aseTi „ganrideba~, formaluri saqmiswarmoebis garda, miznad isaxavs sisxlis samarT-
lis samarTalwarmoebis iseTi uaryofiTi faqtorebis acilebasac, rogoricaa nasamarT-
lobisa da msjavrdebulis samudamo damRa.57
garda ganridebis upiratesi gamoyenebis myari sakanonmdeblo garantiebisa, amk.
asaxelebs patimrobas, rogorc ukidures RonisZiebas (ultima ratio), rodesac saqme aras-
rulwlovnis mimarT sisxlissamarTlebrivi sasjelis iseTi saxeebis gamoyenebas exeba,
rogoricaa Tavisuflebis SezRudva da Tavisuflebis aRkveTa. ufro metic, Tavisu-
flebis aRkveTis, rogorc sisxlissamarTlebrivi xasiaTis yvelaze mkacri intervenciis,
kanonis ZaliT SezRudvaze pirdapir Canawers akeTebs amk-is 73-e muxlis I nawilic, rom-
lis mixedviTac: `arasrulwlovans vadiani Tavisuflebis aRkveTa SeiZleba daeniSnos,
Tu man mZime an gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSauli Caidina an is Tavs aridebs arasapatimro
sasjels anda mis mimarT warsulSi gamamtyunebeli ganaCeni iqna gamotanili,~ rac praq-
tikulad gamorcxavs naklebad mZime danaSaulis Cadenis SemTxvevaSi sasjelis am saxis
gamoyenebas.
55
hamiltoni q., arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis sakanonmdeblo reformis saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebi,
bavSvTa samarTlebrivi centri da gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis bavSvTa fondi (`iunisefi~), bavSvTa
dacvis ganyofileba, niu-iorki, 2011, gv. 65.
56
vaikundi u., marTlmsajuleba bavSvebisaTvis, gaeros bavSvTa fondi (UNICEF), Tb., 2013, leqcia 4.
57
vaikundi u., iqve, leqcia 2.

48
arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis sistemaSi arsebuli irine
prevenciis doneebi da SerCeuli intervenciebis efeqturoba xerxeuliZe

amk-is zemoT moyvanili muxlebis erToblivi xedva aSkarad miuTiTebs sisxlissmarT-

lebrivi sasjelis, rogorc intervenciis yvelaze xisti instrumentis maqsimalur Sez-
Rudvasa da didi sifrTxiliT gamoyenebaze.
msoflio praqtika gviCvenebs, rom sxvadasxva qveyana mesame donis prevenciis ganx-
orcielebis SedarebiT gansxvavebul da zog SemTxvevebSi, efeqtur xerxebs mimarTavs.
magaliTisTvis, zemoaRniSnuli niderlandebis arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis
sferoSi momuSave programa Halt, mesame donis prevenciis ganxocielebisas fokusirebas,
ZiriTadad, axdens ganridebis alternativebze, riTac saSualebas aZlevs 12-18 wlamde
arasrulwlovans Tavi aaridos marTlmsajulebis formlur sistemasTan kontaqts yvela
iseT SemTxvevaSi, sadac ki es SesaZlebelia. es programa warmatebulia mis mier ganxor-
cielebuli ganridebis 90%-Si.58
danaSaulis prevenciasa da ganridebas Soris kavSirs pirdapir da calsaxad aRiarebs
serbeTis kanonmdebloba, rodesac adgens, rom: `ganridebis Sesaxeb gankargulebis gamo-
cemis mizania arasrulwlovnis mimarT sisxlis samarTalwarmoebis wamowyebis Tavidan
acileba an saqmiswarmoebis SeCereba da/an ganridebis gankargulebis gamocemiT aras-
rulwlovanis saTanado ganviTarebaze gavlenis moxdena da misi piradi pasuxismgeblobis
gaZliereba, raTa Tavidan aviciloT momavalSi danaSaulis ganmeorebiT Cadena.~59
aSS-is da evropuli qveynebis gverdiT Tu ganvixilavT saqarTvelos arasrulwlovan-
Ta danaSulis prevenciis strategiis samoqmedo gegmaSi gaTvaliswinebul mesame doneze
gansaxorcielebel aqtivobebs, TvalSisacemia, rom dagegmili RonisZiebebi da programe-
bi arasrulwlovanTa saukeTeso interesebze (rogoricaa (arasrulwlovnis saukeTeso
interesebis prioritetuloba, amk-is me-4 muxli) orientirebuli efeqturi intervenciis
Semadgeneli nawilia, ramdenadac fokusirebulia kanonTan konfliqtSi myof arasrulw-
lovanTa aRzrdaze, ganaTlebaze, daxmarebasa da socializaciaze.
aRniSnuli qmedebebis gatarebis aucilebloba da upiratesoba kanonTan konfliqtSi
myof arasrulwlovnebTan midgomis TvalsazrisiT, pirdapir aRiara da imperatiulad
daadgina amk-is 65-e muxlma, rodesac man sasjelis miznebad „arasrulwlovnis reso-
cializacia-reabilitacia da axali danaSaulis Tavidan acileba~ daasaxela. xolo saqa-
rTvelos ssk-is 39-e muxlSi mocemuli sasjelis upirvelesi mizani _ samarTlianobis
aRdgena _ amk-is Sesabamis normaSi naxsenebic ki araa. amiT kanonmdebels imis Tqma surda,
rom arasrulwlovnis dasja ar emsaxureba samarTlianobis aRdgenas, aramed upirveles
mizans warmoadgens Tavad arasrulwlovnis resocializacia-reabilitacia.60 arasrulw-
lovanTa marTlmsajulebis kodeqsis ganmartebiT baraTSi pirdapir mieTiTa, rom „sisx-
lis samarTlis marTlmsajulebis iseTi tradiciuli miznebi, rogoricaa samarTliano-
bis aRdgena, unda Caanacvlos reabilitaciisa da aRdgeniTi marTlmsajulebis miznebma~.
Tavis mxriv, saqarTvelos arasrulwlovanTa danaSaulis prevenciis strategiis
ganxorcielebis samoqmedo gegmaSi detalurad gawerili RonisZiebebi pirdapir aisaxa
arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kodeqsSi, riTac maTi praqtikuli implementaciis
sakanonmdeblo garantia Seiqmna. aRniSnuli gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuli sisxlissamarT-
lebrivi devnis alternativebis ganvrcoba da am gziT danaSaulis Camden mozardTa re-
abilitaciisa da resocializaciis uzrunvelyofa gulisxmobs ganridebisa da mediaciis
58
http://www.halt.nl/en/halt-programme/
59
hamiltoni q., arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis sakanonmdeblo reformis saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebi,
bavSvTa samarTlebrivi centri da gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis bavSvTa fondi (`iunisefi~), bavSvTa
dacvis ganyofileba, niu-iorki, 2011, gv. 49; wyaro: kanoni arasrulwlovan damnaSaveTa da arasrulwlo-
vanTa sisxlissamarTlebrivi dacvis Sesaxeb, gamoqveynebuli serbeTis respublikis oficialuri uwyebebSi
#85/05, 2005, muxli 6.
60
avtorTa koleqtivi, sisxlis samarTali, zogadi nawili, gamomcemloba `meridiani~, me-2 gamocema, Tb.,
2016, gv. 684.

49
sisxlis samarTlis aqtualuri sakiTxebi #1

programebis mravalferovnebas, romlebic miTiTebulia amk-is 42-e muxlSi.

danaSaulis prevenciis strategiis ganxorcielebis samoqmedo gegmaSi mocemuli
individualuri midgomebis ganviTareba arasrulwlovani braldebulebisa da msjavr-
debulebisaTvis praqtikuladaa gatarebuli amk-is normebSi. aq igulisxmeba msjavr-
debul arasrulwlovanTa Sefasebis formisa da sasjelis moxdis individualuri gegme-
bis daxvewa. magaliTad, amk-is me-80 muxlis (g) qvepunqti pirdapir exeba arasrulwlovan
msjavrdebulTa mier sasjelis moxdis individualuri dagegmvis wess, xolo (z) qvepunq-
ti arasrulwlovan msjavrdebulTa reabilitaciis procesis organizebis wess.
strategiis ganxorcielebis samoqmedo gegmiT gaTvaliswinebulia aseve zogadi ganaT-
lebis xelmisawvdomobis uzrunvelyofa braldebulebisa da msjavrdebulebisaTvis. es
xedva moicavs arasrulwlovani msjavrdebulebis individualur saWiroebebze morgebu-
li saganmanaTleblo procesiT uzrunvelyofas. idea xorcxSesxmulia amk-is 84-e muxlSi,
romelic adgens arasrulwlovnisaTvis saganmanaTleblo-sareabilitacio programebis
organizebis sakiTxs. gegma exeba sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebaSi myofi msjavrdebu-
li arasrulwlovnis akreditebuli profesiuli kursebiT uzrunvelyofis sakiTxsac.
prevenciis mesame doneze gasatarebel zomebs Soris strategiis ganxorcielebis
samoqmedo gegma aseve moiazrebs: kanonTan konfliqtSi myof arasrulwlovanTa brazisa
da stresis marTvis, agreTve komunikaciis unarebis treningebSi CarTulobis uzrunve-
lyofas. masSi igulisxmeba: arasrulwlovanTa pirovnuli unarebis ganviTareba Semdgomi
resocializaciis xelSewyobis mizniT, fsiqosocialuri sareabilitacio programebisa
da Terapiebis ganviTareba arasrulwlovani braldebulebisa da msjavrdebulebisaTvis.
dokumentSi gaTvaliswinebulia aseve sasjelis moxdis Semdeg arasrulwlovanze
zrunvis sakiTxebi, rogoricaa arasrulwlovanTa sazogadoebaSi integraciis xelSewyo-
bis programebis danergva da ganviTareba, aseve zogadi da profesiuli ganaTlebis an
dasaqmebis da stabiluri sacxovrebeli adgiliT uzrunvelyofis xelSewyoba _ romelTa
gamoZaxilsac warmoadgens amk-is XIV TaviT `arasrulwlovnis gaTavisuflebisTvis mza-
deba, pirobiTi msjavrisa da sasjelis moxdis Semdeg arasrulwlovanze zrunva da misi
resocializacia-reabilitacia~ gaTvaliswinebuli RonisZiebebi, mimarTuli arasrulw-
lovnis mxardasaWerad, xelSewyobisa da zedamxedvelobisaken.
efeqturi intervenciisaTvis saWiro komponentebis umravlesobis ganxilvis dasas-
ruls, aseve unda Sevexo bolo komponents, romelic aris intervenciis xarisxianoba.
nebismieri saxis intervencia Tu servisi, mimarTuli arasrulwlovnis danaSaulis pre-
venciasa Tu resocializacia-reabilitaciaze, aseTi Carevis xarisxze unda iyo orien-
tirebuli.
bunebrivia, arasrulwlovanTa reabilitacia da resocializacia ganmsazRvrelia gan-
meorebiTi danaSaulis Tavidan asacileblad da bavSvis swori ganviTarebis uzrunvel-
sayofad. am mxriv, arasrulwlovan msjavrdebulebTan mimarTebiT mniSvnelovani nabi-
jebi gadaidga, rac imaSi gamoixateba, rom sasjelaRsrulebasa da probaciaSi dainerga
da warmatebiT xorcieldeba „riskebis da saWiroebebis Sefasebisa da sasjelis indi-
vidualuri dagegmvis~ meTodologia. sasjelis individualuri dagegmva uzrunvelyofs
arasrulwlovanTa individualuri moTxovnebisa da saWiroebebis gaTvaliswinebas da sas-
jelis gegmis Sedgenas, rac emsaxureba ganmeorebiTi danaSaulis Semcirebis, arasrulw-
lovnis resocializaciisa da reabilitaciis mizans. Tavis mxriv sasjelis individual-
ur gegmebSi gaTvaliswinebulia saganmanaTleblo da sportuli aqtivobebi, profesiuli
unarebis ganviTarebis programebi, procesSi ki CarTulia sxvadasxva specialisti, maT
Soris fsiqologi, socialuri muSaki da sxva profesionalebi, romlebic gansazRvraven

50
arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis sistemaSi arsebuli irine
prevenciis doneebi da SerCeuli intervenciebis efeqturoba xerxeuliZe

arasrulwlovanTa saWiroebebs da mWidrod muSaoben maTTan.61

am sakiTxTan mimarTebiT, aRsaniSnavia „kanonTan konfliqtSi myofi arasrulwlovan-
TaTvis momsaxurebis miwodebis standartebi~, romelic saqarTveloSi jer kidev 2013
wels specialurad SemuSavda iusticiis saministros daqvemdebarebaSi moqmedi ssip da-
naSaulis prevenciis centrisa da UNICEF-is (gaeros bavSvTa fondi) mier inicirebuli
proeqtis farglebSi, romelic ganxorcielda saqarTvelos socialur muSakTa asocia-
ciasTan TanamSromlobiT da damtkicda 2014 wels. standartebSi gansazRvrulia: stan-
dartebis samizne mozardTa jgufebi; standartebis samizne dawesebulebebi da momsax-
urebebi; standartebis samizne momsaxurebebis sfero; standartebis gavrcelebis sfero.
efeqturi Carevis uzrunvelyofis TvalsazrisiT aseTi standartebis arseboba mniS-
vnelovania, ramdenadac intervenciis xarisxi erT-erTi aucilebeli winapirobaa efeq-
turi Carevis gansaxorcieleblad. efeqturi intervencia gulisxmobs maRalxarisxian
Carevas. Sesabamisad, es standartebi gulisxmobs danaSaulis prevenciis meore da mesa-
me donis Sesabamisi fsiqosocialuri sareabilitacio programebis maRali standartiT
ganxorcielebas, romlebic vrceldeba kanonTan konflitSi myof im arasrulwlovnebze,
romelTac sxvadasxva formiT Sexeba hqondaT marTlmsajulebasTan, _ imyofebian pro-
baciisa da ganridebis programaSi, an Tundac, moTavsebulni arian arasrulwlovanTa
sareabilitacio dawesebulebaSi.

daskvna

bavSvTa uflebebze orientirebuli saerTaSoriso aqtebi danaSaulis Tavidan ac-

ilebis did mniSvnelobaze miuTiTeben. amgvari instrumentebi saxelmwifoebs mouwodebs,
rom, arasrulwlovanTa danaSaulis efeqturi prevenciisaTvis maqsimalurad adre mox-
des iseTi programebis ganxorcieleba, romelic adreul asakSi uyalibebs pirovnebas
aradanaSulebriv damokidebulebebs (e.w. „riadis wesebi~) da rekomendacias aZlevs monaw-
ile saxelmwifoebs gamoiyenon pozitiuri RonisZiebebi imisaTvis, rom gaaZleron aras-
rulwlovnis zogadi mdgomareoba da Sesabamisad, Seamciron saxelmwifo inetervenciis
saWiroeba (e.w. „pekinis wesebi~).62 Tumca, es ar niSnavs imas, rom intervencia mxolod pre-
venciis pirvel doneze unda ganxorcieldes, an mxolod pirvel donze ganxorcielebuli
programebi iqneba efeqturi. arasrulwlovanTa danaSaulis prevenciis gansaxorcieleb-
lad saxelmwifom prevenciis samive donze didi sifrTxiliTa da dakvirvebiT unda ga-
dadgas nabijebi da SearCios Sesabamisi aqtivobebi.
amasTan, Tu politikosebs arasrulwlovanTa seriozuli da daJinebuli danaSaule-
brivi qcevis aRkveTa surT, ramdenime kiTxvas winaswar unda gascen pasuxi. upirveles
yovlisa, arsebobs Tu ara zogadi warmodgena da konsensusi danaSaulebrivi qcevis ga-
momwvevi fundamenturi mizezis Sesaxeb? meore, SesaZlebelia Tu ara garkveuli dama-
jereblobiT daJinebuli samarTaldamrRvevi qcevis winaswarmetyveleba? mesame, Tu am
kiTxvebze pasuxi dadebiTia, arsebobs Tu ara programebi, romelTac SeuZlia efeqturad
gaumklavdes daJinebul samarTaldarRvevasTan dakavSirebul garemoebebs da romelic,
mogvianebiT danaSaulSi CarTvis kuTxiT dadebiT Sedegs gviCvenebs?63
es is SekiTxvebia, romlebze pasuxis gacemasac emsaxureboda miznad winamdebare sta-
tia da romelTa naTelyofamac saSualeba misca mkiTxvels Caswvdomoda da Seefasebina
61
2016 arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis sistemis reformis strategia.
62
SalikaSvili m., miqanaZe g., arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajuleba, Tb., fraiburgi, strasburgi, 2016,
gv.70.
63
vaikundi u., marTlmsajuleba bavSvebisaTvis, gaeros bavSvTa fondi (UNICEF) , Tb., 2013, leqcia me-9.

51
sisxlis samarTlis aqtualuri sakiTxebi #1

arasrulwlovanTa danaSaulis prevenciuli politikis elaboraciis sakiTxi.

zogadi daskvna aris is, rom arasrulwlovanTa delinqventuroba garkveulwilad
stabiluri faqtia da is normalur gamovlinebad aris miCneuli mozardis biologiu-
ri da fsiqologiuri ganviTarebidan gamomdinare. Sesabamisad, arasrulwlovanTa de-
linqventobis prevencia SeiZleba iyos efeqturi. intervencia mimarTuli unda iyos im
aspeqtebze, romlebic aferxeben delinqventobas da is unda Seesabamebodes delinqven-
tis SesaZleblobebs. maSasadame, danaSulis prevenciis TvalsazrisiT, efeqturi inter-
venciis safuZvlad gvevlineba: (1) prevenciis donis gansazRvra problemis ganviTarebis
stadiis mixedviT identificirebad samizne jgufTan mimarTebiT; (2) danaSaulis Cadenis
risk-faqtorebisa da damcavi faqtorebis saguldagulo Semowmeba; (3) SerCeuli inter-
venciis drouloba; (4) fokusireba, rac gulisxmobs imaze aqcentis gakeTebas, Tu ramde-
nad didia delinqventobis recidivis riski samizne jgufSi; (5) xarisxiani intervencia;
(6) intervenciis calkeuli programebis adekvaturoba da proporciuloba, romelic uz-
runvelyofs arasrulwlovanTa warmatebul resocializacia-reabilitacias da gamom-
dinareobs arasrulwlovnis saukeTeso interesebidan. amasTan, Carevis saSualebebis Ser-
Cevisas udavod mxedvelobaSi misaRebi faqtia is, rom mxolod represiuli intervenciebi
uaryofiTi, an ukeTes SemTxvevaSi mcire Sedegis momtania. Sesabamisad, ZiriTadi Zalisx-
meva mimarTuli unda iyos iqiT, rom movaridoT bavSvebi sisxlis samarTlis marTlmsa-
julebis formalur sistemaSi yofnas da mis nacvlad maqsimalurad gamoviyenoT alter-
natiuli meqanizmebi.
am mimarTebiT, gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania e.w. „riadis wesebiT~ (me-10 wesi) gaT-
valiswinebuli socializaciis procesi, romelic kavSirSia danaSaulis aRmkveT RonisZie-
bebTan, romlebic aadvilebs yvela bavSvisa da axalgazrda piris warmatebul social-
izaciasa da integracias, kerZod, ojaxis, sazogadoebis, TanatolTa jgufebis, skolebis,
profesiuli momzadebis centrebisa da samsaxuris, agreTve nebayoflobiTi organi-
zaciebis meSveobiT. Sesabamisi yuradReba unda gamaxvildes bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebis
Sesaferis pirovnul ganviTarebaze da isini miCneul unda iqnen srulyofil da Tanaswor
partniorebad socializaciisa da integraciis procesSi.
amdenad, absoluturad relevanturia saqarTvelos arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsaju-
lebis reformis 2016-2020 wlebis samoqmedo gegmaSi gaTvaliswinebuli, danaSaulis pre-
venciaze mimarTuli aqtivobebis gansaxorcielebelad gaformebuli memorandumebi, _ ga-
naTlebisa da mecnierebis, sportisa da axalgazrdobis, Sinagan saqmeTa saministroebTan
da socialuri momsaxurebis saagentosTan.
arasrulwlovanTa delinqventobis ganviTarebisa da prevenciis sakiTxi jer kidev
ar aris bolomde Seswavlili msoflioSi. amitom, rac yvelaze mniSvnelovania aRniSnul
strategiaSi, aris is, rom 2016 wlisaTvis Seqmnilia samuSao jgufi prevenciuli pro-
gramebis Sefasebis kriteriumebis SemuSavebis mizniT, romelmac validuri pasuxi unda
gasces arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis sferoSi danaSaulis efeqturi prevenciis
misamarTiT dasmul SekiTxvebs, romel mizansac aseve emsaxureboda winamdebare statia
masSi gakeTebuli SefasebebiTa da daskvnebiT.

52
 arasrulwlovani msxverplis dacva da saerTaSoriso
standartebiT aRiarebuli uflebebi, romelTa gaTvaliswineba
aucilebelia samarTalwarmoebisas
(gaerTianebuli erebis samodelo kanonmdeblobis analizis mixedviT)

marina mesxi
samarTlis doqtori, saqarTvelos daviT aRmaSeneblis saxelobis
universitetis asocirebuli profesori,
ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo
universitetis mowveuli leqtori

gaerTianebuli erebis mier dadgenili normebi da standartebi arasrulwlovnis

uflebaTa dacvis Sesaxeb 1950 wlidan moqmedebs. bavSvis uflebaTa dacvis erT-erTi
yvelaze umniSvnelovanesi da fundamenturi dokumentia bavSvis uflebaTa dacvis kon-
vencia (SemdgomSi konvencia), romlis me-19 muxlis Tanaxmad, `monawile saxelmwifoebi
yvela saWiro sakanonmdeblo, administraciul, socialur da saganmanaTleblo RonisZie-
bebs mimarTaven, raTa bavSvi daculi iyos mSoblis, kanonieri warmomadgenlebis, bavSvze
mzrunveli nebismieri sxva piris mxridan yvela formis fizikuri Tu fsiqologiuri Zal-
adobisagan, Seuracxyofisa da borotmoqmedebisagan, imisagan, rom bavSvi moklebuli iyo
zrunvas, eqceodnen daudevrad, epyrobodnen uxeSad, uwevdnen eqspluatacias, agreTve
adgili hqonda seqsualur Zaladobas.~1
bavSvis dacva efeqturi zomebis CamoyalibebaSi unda iqnes gamoxatuli, rac moicavs
rogorc socialur programebs bavSvTa mxardaWeris mizniT, ise bavSvis mimarT nebismieri
danaSaulis gamovlenas, bavSvTa dacvis meqanizmebis Seqmnasa da damnaSaveTa dasjas.2
konvenciis mixedviT, yvela bavSvs 18 wlis asakamde aqvs specifikuri moTxovnebi da
saWiroebebi, saerTaSoriso standartebis Sesabamisad. es standartebi Camoyalibebulia
Semdegi mimarTulebebis gaTvaliswinebiT:
_ srulwlovani adamianis msgavsi da Tanaswori uflebebi bavSvebisaTvis;
_ ganviTarebadi SesaZleblobebis aRiarebis ufleba bavSvebisaTvis, rac, Tavis mxriv,
Semdeg ZiriTad principebs eyrdnoba:

a) diskriminaciisagan daculoba da diskriminaciis dauSvebloba;

b) bavSvis interesebi;
g) sicocxlis, gadarCenisa da ganviTarebis ufleba;
d) bavSvis azris gaTvaliswinebis ufleba.3

rac Seexeba Zaladobas bavSvis mimarT, konvenciis mixedviT asea ganmartebuli:

1
bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia, m.19.
2
iqve.
3
iqve.

53
sisxlis samarTlis aqtualuri sakiTxebi #1

`bavSvis Rirsebis Semlaxavi da/an sicocxlisa da ganviTarebis Semaferxebeli nebi-

smieri mopyroba~. 4
rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, arasrulwlovani SesaZloa sxvadasxva formis Zaladobisa da
danaSaulis msxverpli gaxdes. danaSaulis msxverpli arasrulwlovnis uflebaTa dacvis
Taobaze marTlmsajulebis TaviseburebaTa gaTvaliswinebiT, erT-erTi umniSvnelovane-
si dokumentia gaerTianebuli erebis narkotikebisa da danaSaulis winaaRmdeg brZolis
ofisis (UNODC) mxardaWeriT SemuSavebuli samodelo kanonmdebloba, romelic uSual-
od arasrulwlovani msxverplis interesebis dacvazea mimarTuli.5
Tavdapirvelad, mniSvnelovania ganvmartoT arasrulwlovani msxverplis definicia,
xolo Semdeg detalurad gavnixiloT is uflebebi, romliTac arasrulwlovanma msxver-
plma unda isargeblos samarTalwarmoebis yvela etapze.
samodelo kanonmdeblobis mixedviT, `arasrulwlovani msxverpli/mowme~ aris `18
wlis asaks miuRweveli piri, romelic aris danaSaulis msxverpli an mowme, miuxedavad
danaSaulis mimarT misi rolisa an savaraudo damnaSavis mimarT misi damokidebulebisa.~6
mniSvnelovania am konteqstSive ganvixiloT danaSaulis msxverpli arasrulwlovnis
fizikuri da fsiqikuri mdgomareoba mis mimarT Cadenili danaSaulis Semdeg, rac Sesa-
Zloa sisxlis samarTlis wesiT (an administraciuli wesiTac) dasjadi sxvadasxva qmedeb-
iT gamovlindes, Tumca literaturaSi gamoyofen arasrulwlovnis mimarT Cadenili da-
naSaulis Semdegi formebiT klasifikacias, rogoricaa fizikuri, seqsualuri, emociuri
Zaladoba, ugulebelyofa da sxva.7 danaSaulis msxverpli Tu mowme arasrulwlovnis
mdgomareobis Sefaseba uaRresad mniSvnelovania misi dacvis Sesabamisi zomebis SerCevi-
saTvis, aseve, misi srulfasovani reabilitaciisaTvis. swored am mizniT, mokled mimov-
ixiloT zemoT CamoTvlili formebi da maTi gavlena arasrulwlovnis ganviTarebasa da
qcevaze.
fizikuri Zaladoba SeiZleba gamoxatuli iyos cemiT, wamebiT, janmrTelobis da-
zianebiT, dawviT, kbeniT, bnel adgilebSi CaketviT, fizikuri tkivilis an tanjvis ga-
momwvevi qmedebebiT arasrulwlovnis mimarT.
amgvari Zaladobis formiT gamowveuli Sedegebi arasrulwlovnebSi sxvadasxvagvari
formiT iCens Tavs: Zaladobis damalva, sisxlCaqcevebi, damwvrobis kvali, kopebi, na-
kawrebi, sxvadasxva Calurjeba, SiSi, SfoTva, agresia, qcevis ukiduresobebi, sisastike
zogadad da gansakuTrebiT cxovelebis mimarT, skolis gacdenebi, gaqceva da sxva.8
seqsualuri Zaladoba aris arasrulwlovanTan sqesobrivi kavSiri ZaladobiT, Zal-
adobis muqariT an misi umweobis gamoyenebiT. seqsualuri Zaladoba moicavs rogorc
sqesobriv aqts, aseve Sexebas, ferebas da sxva amgvar moqmedebas; seqsualuri metyvelebiT
Tu SeniSvnebiT devnas, pornografiuli suraTebisa da filmebis Cvenebas, arasrulw-
lovnisTvis pornografiuli xasiaTs fotoebis gadaRebas.
amgvari formiT Cadenili Zaladobis Sedegebi arasrulwlovanze gamoxatulia sas-
qeso organoebis travmebiT, hiperseqsualobiT, muclis perioduli tkiviliT, koSmare-
biT, uZilobiT, sisxldeniT, depresiiT, kvebis darRveviT. gogonebSi xSiria orsulobis
SemTxvevebi. aseve, arasrulwlovani mis mimarT seqsualuri Zaladobis Sedegad SesaZle-
belia sqesobrivi gziT gadamdebi daavadebebis msxverpli gaxdes, xSiria agreTve suicid-
is mcdelobebi.9

4
bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia, m. 4.
5
Justice im Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime (Model Law and Related Commentary), UNDOC, 2009
6
iqve, m.1. (a).
7
The National Child Traumatic Stress Network, xelmisawvdomia: http://www.nctsn.org/content/children-and-violence
8
iqve.
9
iqve.

54
arasrulwlovani msxverplis dacva da saerTaSoriso standartebiT aRiarebuli uflebebi, marina
romelTa gaTvaliswineba aucilebelia samarTalwarmoebisas mesxi

fsiqologiuri Zaladoba, romelsac xSirad emociuri Zaladobis saxeliTac ixsenie-

ben, moicavs arasrulwlovnis daSinebas, kritikas, mis mimarT agresiul damokidebule-
bas, emociur manipulacias, usamarTlo dadanaSaulebasa da braldebas, mometebul kon-
trols, dacinvas, yvirils, sistematur Seuracxyofas.
es forma sakmaod rTuli gamosacnobia, grZelvadiani da gacilebiT mZime Sedegebi
moaqvs, vidre fizikur Zaladobas da sakmaod mZime SedegebiT aisaxeba arasrulwlovanze.
vinaidan Zaladobis es forma gulisxmobs akontrolos da marTos arasrulwlovnis
moqmedebebi misi damorCilebis mizniT, viTardeba dabali TviTSefaseba, Zlierdeba Tvi-
Tizolacia, arasrulwlovani kargavs damoukideblobis SegrZnebas, xSirad gamoxatulia
metyvelebis Seferxeba, Tavis tkivilebi, enurezi, depresia, destruqciuli an nevrozu-
li qceva, TviTdazianeba. arcTu iSviaTad arasrulwlovnebSi Tavs iCens alkoholizmi,
narkomania.10
rac Seexeba ugulebelyofas, es ufro specifikuri formaa da ZiriTadad gavrcele-
bulia ojaxSi Zaladobisas, mSobelTa an mzrunvelTa mier arasrulwlovnis fizikuri
an emociuri saWiroebebis daukmayofilebloba, SesaZleblobis, codnis, momsaxure-
bis ugulebelyofa. am formiT ganxorcielebuli Zaladobis Sedegebi Semdegi forme-
biT vlindeba: higienuri normebis daucveloba, qronikuli daavadebebi, sixarbe sakvebis
miRebis dros, dabali TviTSefaseba da sxva.11
arasrulwlovanze Zaladobis CamoTvlili formebis da ganxilvis Sedegad Sesa-
Zlebelia zogadadac gansazRvrul iqnes saziano Sedegebi, romelic arasrulwlovanze
vlindeba. aseT bavSvebSi maRalia SiSisa da depresiis xarisxi da dabalia TviTSefasebis
grZnoba, xdebian agresiulebi da Zaladobisken midrekili, gvxvdeba prostituciis, al-
koholizmisa da depresiis SemTxvevebi.
swored amitomaa aucilebeli SeZlebisdagvarad zustad ganisazRvros arasrulw-
lovnis mimarT Cadenili danaSaulis xasiaTi, Sefasdes romel ganxilul formas ekuTvnis
mis mimarT Cadenili danaSaulebrivi qmedeba da maqsimalurad zustad daigegmos misi
dacvisa da reabilitaciis RonisZiebebi, vinaidan arasrulwlovnis mimarT Cadenil dan-
aSauls grZelvadiani da damangreveli Sedegebi aqvs, Sesabamisad, saxelmwifom da sazo-
gadoebam erTad unda izrunos problemis aRmofxvrisaken.12 am mimarTebiT, Tundac eWvis
arsebobis SemTxvevaSi, rom arasrulwlovnis mimarT raime formiT Zaladobaa Cadenili,
aucilebelia Sesabamisi reagireba.
rac Seexeba arasrulwlovani msxverplis dacvas, UNODC-is zemoaRniSnuli doku-
menti sakmaod sainteresoa ramdenime mimarTulebiT. igi ayalibebs im ZiriTad aqcen-
tebs, rac arasrulwlovani msxverplis dacvisa da daxmarebisaTvis unda gaiTvaliswinon
saxelmwifoebma (miuxedavad maTi samarTlebrivi sistemisa), raTa SeZlon bavSvis ufle-
baTa konvenciiT nakisri valdebulebebis srulfasovnad Sesruleba.13
amasTanave, qveynebma TavianT kanonmdeblobebSi maqsimalurad unda gaiTvaliswinon
arasrulwlovani msxverplisa da mowmis SemTxvevebSi samarTalwarmoebis Tavisebure-
bebi14 da kanonmdeblobis formirebisas, aseve, arasrulwlovan msxverplTa saqmeebze

10
dasaxelebuli naSromi.
11
saqarTvelos kanoniT qalTa mimarT Zaladobis an/da ojaxSi Zaladobis aRkveTis, msxverplTa dacvisa da dax-
marebis Sesaxeb, ugulebelyofa ojaxSi Zaladobis formadaa aRiarebuli da Semdegnairadaa ganmartebuli: `mS-
oblis an/da kanonieri warmomadgenlis mier bavSvis fizikuri, fsiqologiuri saWiroebebis daukmayofileblo-
ba, sabaziso ganaTlebis uflebis SezRudva, safrTxisagan daucveloba, dabadebis registraciis, samedicino
Tu sxva momsaxurebiT sargeblobisaTvis aucilebeli moqmedebebis ganuxorcielebloba, Tuki mSobels an/da
kanonier warmomadgenels aqvs saTanado informacia da xeli miuwvdeba Sesabamis momsaxurebaze.~
12
http//www.qwelly.com/group/psychology/forum/topics/dzaladoba-bavshvebze
13
iqve, gv. iii
14
iqve

55
sisxlis samarTlis aqtualuri sakiTxebi #1

samarTalwarmoebis nebismier etapze gaTvaliswinebul unda iqnes konvenciiT aRiarebu-

li fundamenturi uflebebi, romlebsac detalurad ganvixilavT da romelTa dacvac
uaRresad mniSvnelovania, gansakuTrebiT sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulis msxverpli aras-
rulwlovnis saqmeebis warmoebisas.
es uflebebi Semdegnairad SeiZleba davajgufoT:

a) bavSvis saukeTeso interesis gaTvaliswineba

saxelmwifoebis mier kanonmdeblobis mowyobisas da aRsrulebis meqanizmebis Cam-
oyalibebisas aucileblad unda iqnes gaTvaliswinebuli rogorc saxelmwifo, ise ker-
Zo uzrunvelyofis dawesebulebebi, sasamarTlosa Tu administraciuli sakanonmdeblo
organoebis mier bavSvis mimarT nebismieri qmedebis ganxorcielebisas.15 am debulebiT
aqcenti keTdeba bavSvis interesebis upirveles aucileblobaze. igi araa SezRuduli
bavSvebTan pirdapir SexebaSi myofi qmedebebiT, aramed moicavs yvelafers mniSvnelovans,
ramac SesaZlebelia pirdapir an arapirdapir gavlena moaxdinos bavSvze. es debuleba
exeba rogorc kerZo seqtoris, ise saxelmwifo seqtorSi dasaqmebuli piris valdebule-
bas, nebismieri qmedebis ganxorcielebamde gaiTvaliswinos am qmedebis SesaZlo gavlena
arasrulwlovanze.
konvenciis aRniSnuli muxli mraval saerTaSoriso da regionalur dokumentSi iqna
asaxuli, aseve mravali qveynis mier iqna gaTvaliswinebuli.
samodelo kanonmdeblobis Canaweris mixedviT, bavSvis saukeTeso interesis erovnul
kanonmdeblobaSi Sesabamisi interpretacia da asaxvis farglebi saxelmwifos mier unda
iqnes uzrunvelyofili, saerTaSoriso standartebiT gansazRvruli definiciis mixed-
viT.16 rac Seexeba saerTaSoriso standarts, bavSvis saukeTeso interesebis gaTvalis-
winebis uzrunvelyofa pirveladi ganxilvis mniSvnelobis mqone unda iyos, gansakuTre-
biT sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebze.

b) diskriminaciisagan daculobis ufleba da arasrulwlovnis sxva uflebebi

saerTaSoriso standartebis mixedviT, akrZalulia diskriminaciuli damokidebule-
ba arasrulwlovnis mimarT da Camoyalibebulia im safuZvlebis CamonaTvali, romelTa
mixedviTac diskriminacia dauSvebelia. esenia rasa, kanis feri, sqesi, ena, religia, poli-
tikuri da sxva Sexedulebebi, erovnuli, eTnikuri, socialuri warmoSobis mixedviT,
qonebrivi mdgomareobis, qmeduunarobis, dabadebis adgilis an nebismieri sxva statusis
mixedviT.17 Sesabamisad, arasrulwlovani, romelic gaxda romelime zemoaRniSnuli sa-
fuZvliT Cadenili diskriminaciis msxverpli, saxelmwifos mier uzrunvelyofil unda
iqnes mis mimarT dacvisa da daxmarebis arsebuli yvela SesaZlo servisis miwodebiT, misi
rogorc darRveuli uflebis aRdgenis, ise reabilitaciis mizniT.
aranakleb mniSvnelovania is garemoeba rom saxelmwifoebma unda uzrunvelyon
arasrulwlovnis mimarT Cadenili danaSulis aRmoCenis SemTxvevaSi misi dauyovnebliv
Setyobineba samarTaldamcavi organoebisaTvis. bevri qveynis kanonmdeblobiT, amgvari
informaciis Seutyobinebloba sisxlis samarTlis wesiT dasjadi danaSulia. zogierTi
qveynis kanonmdeblobis mixedviT es valdebuleba kidev ufro mkacrad ekisrebaT aras-
rulwlovnebTan momuSave profesionalebs, rogorebicaa pedagogebi, socialuri muSake-
bi, samedicino dargis muSakebi, romelTaTvisac profesiuli saqmianobis ganxorcielebis
periodSi cnobili xdeba, rom arasrulwlovani, romelic maTi momsaxurebiT sargeblobs,

15
sqolio 1, m.3.
16
sqolio 5, m.1, para 3.
17
iqve, m.2.

56
arasrulwlovani msxverplis dacva da saerTaSoriso standartebiT aRiarebuli uflebebi, marina
romelTa gaTvaliswineba aucilebelia samarTalwarmoebisas mesxi

danaSaulis msxverplia.
garda amisa, Zalian mniSvnelovania arasrulwlovnis dacva damnaSavesTan kontaqti-
sagan. zogi qveynis mier seqsualuri danaSaulebis specialuri CamonaTvalic ki iqna
SemuSavebuli im dawesebulebebis damsaqmebelTaTvis, sadac arasrulwlovnebi raime
formis servisebiT sargebloben, Sesabamisad, CamonaTvalSi arsebuli danaSaulis Cade-
naSi braldebul pirebs ezRudebaT dasaqmeba.18 am regulaciiT saxelmwifoebi cdiloben
arasrulwlovnis dacvas sxvadasxva danaSaulSi, gansakuTrebiT ki seqsualur danaSaulSi
braldebuli pirebisgan.19
araerTi saxelmwifos mier Seqmnil iqna arasrulwlovnis dacvis specialuri meqa-
nizmebi rogorc samarTlebrivi, ise instituciuri formiT. did britaneTSi sauwye-
baTaSoriso instituciis Seqmnam uzrunvelyo arasrulwlovnis dacvisa da servisebis
miwodebis farTo SesaZlebloba.20 igive SeiZleba iTqvas belgiaze.21 Tumca qveynebis did
nawilSi am saqmianobis umetesi wili arasamTavrobo organizaciebze modis.
diskriminaciisgan daculoba aRiarebulia saqarTvelos konstituciis22 me-14 muxlis
Tanaxmad, garda amisa, saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT araerTi normatiuli aqti uzrunve-
lyofs diskriminaciisgan daculobas, gansakuTrebiT arasrulwlovnis dacvas nebismieri
formis diskriminaciisagan.

g) informaciis miRebis ufleba

sakuTari uflebebis codna, iseve rogorc procesualuri uflebebis gamoyenebis
SesaZlebloba, Zalze mniSvnelovania arasrulwlovnisTvis, gansakuTrebiT yuradsaRebia
Zaladobis msxverpli arasrulwlovnebisaTvis.
garda amisa, informaciis miRebis uflebebSi ganixileba, aseve, sxvadasxva wyarodan
informaciis miRebis ufleba, amave konteqstSi unda aRiniSnos, rom informaciis miRebis
uflebis nawilia im gadawyvetilebebis Sesaxeb informireba, romelic arasrulwlovnis
mimarT iqna miRebuli.23

d) ufleba misi azrisa da Sexedulebis gaTvaliswinebis Sesaxeb

aranakleb mniSvnelovania arasrulwlovnisTvis, miT umetes Zaladobis msxverpli
arasrulwlovnisTvis sakuTari Sexedulebebis gamJRavnebisa da sakuTari azris gamoTqmiT
sargeblobis ufleba. saerTaSoriso standartebiT aRiarebulia arasrulwlovnis mier
azris gamoTqma sakuTari Sexedulebebisa da msoflmxedvelobis Sesabamisad.24

e) efeqturi dacvis ufleba

efeqturi dacvis ufleba gulisxmobs rogorc arasrulwlovnis sxvadasxva tipis
Zaladobisagan daculobas, aseve misi samarTlebrivi dacvisa da janmrTelobis dacvis
saSualebebiT uzrunvelyofas. mokled ganvixiloT TiToeuli maTgani:

Zaladobis yvela formisgan dacva

zemoT araerTxel aRvniSneT, rom arasrulwlovani daculi unda iyos Zaladobis
yvela formisagan rogorc mSoblebis, kanonieri meurveebis, masze mzrunveli nebismieri

18
sqolio 5, m.4, para 1.
19
iqve, para 3
20
iqve.
21
iqve.
22
saqarTvelos konstitucia, m.14.
23
sqolio 1.
24
iqve, gv. 7.

57
sisxlis samarTlis aqtualuri sakiTxebi #1

sxva pirisgan rogorc fizikuri Tu fsiqologiuri Zaladobisagan, ise Seuracxyofisa

Tu borotad gamoyenebisagan, mzrunvelobis moklebisa Tu daudevari mopyrobisagan,
uxeSi moqcevisa Tu eqspluataciisagan, seqsualuri Zaladobis CaTvliT.
CRC mixedviT, saxelmwifoebma arasrulwlovnis dasacavad unda Seqmnan efeqturi
procedurebi socialuri programebis SemuSavebis mizniT, raTa uzrunvelyon aucile-
beli daxmareba im bavSvebisa da pirebis mimarT, vinc maTze mzrunvelobas axorcielebs.
am muxliT daculi uflebebis uzrunvelyofis mizniT, saxelmwifoebma aseve yvela
zoma unda gaataron bavSvis mimarT sastiki damokidebulebis Tavidan acilebis mizniT,
nebismieri formiT Zaladobis gamomJRavnebis, Setyobinebis, gamoZiebis, dacvisa da dax-
marebis procedurebis CaTvliT.

eqspluataciisagan dacva
Zalze mniSvnelovania arasrulwlovnis dacva eqspluataciisagan, gansakuTrebiT
ekonomikuri eqspluataciisa da nebismieri iseTi samuSaos Sesrulebisagan, rac mis jan-
mrTelobasa da ganviTarebas, ganaTlebas, gonebriv, moralur da socialur ganviTarebas
xels uSlis.
am CanaweriT daculi uflebebis uzrunvelsayofad da imis misaRwevad, rom arasrul-
wlovani ar gaxdes ekonomikuri danaSulis msxverpli, saxelmwifoebma unda uzrunvelyon
bavSvis daculoba msgavi tipis qmedebebisagan Semdegi saerTaSoriso standartebis Ses-
abamisad:
_ samuSaoze miRebis minimaluri asakis dadgeniT;
_ samuSao drois xangZlivobis da Sromis pirobebTan dakavSirebuli aucilebleli
moTxovnebis dadgeniT;
_ am muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli moTxovnebis efeqturad ganxorcielebis mizniT Ses-
abamisi sanqciebis SemoRebiT.25

narkotikuli saSualebebiT sargeblobisagan dacva

imisaTvis, rom Tavidan iqnes acilebuli arasrulwlovnis amgvari danaSaulis msxver-
plad gaxdomis SesaZlebloba, saxelmwifoTa mier uzrunvelyofil unda iqnes bavSvis
dacva narkotikuli saSualebebiT sargeblobisgan da fsiqotropuli nivTierebebis
ukanono xmarebisagan, iseve, rogorc uzrunvelyofil unda iqnes yvela zomis miReba am
nivTierebaTa ukanono warmoebaSi an vaWrobaSi maT CarTvisgan.

seqsualuri eqspluataciisgan da eqspluataciis sxva formebisgan dacva

seqsualuri eqspluataciisagan arasrulwlovnis dacvis uzrunvelyofis mizniT
saxelmwifom unda uzrunvelyos bavSvis dacva ara mxolod seqsualuri eqspluataciis,
aramed seqsualuri cdunebis yvela formisagan. am muxliT daculi uflebis uzrunvely-
ofis mizniT, saxelmwifom yvela aucilebeli zoma unda ganaxorcielos imisaTvis, rom
Tavidan iqnes acilebuli:
_ bavSvis dayolieba nebismier ukanono seqsualur qmedebaze an bavSvis iZuleba,
monawileoba miiRos aseT qmedebaSi;
_ eqspluataciis mizniT bavSvis gamoyeneba prostituciaSi an sxva ukanono seqsual-
ur praqtikaSi;
_ eqspluataciis mizniT bavSvis gamoyeneba pornografiasa da pornografiul ma-
salebSi.

25
am muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli uflebebis dacvisa da darRvevebis Sesaxeb ekonomikuri eqspluataciis,
SromiTi Tu seqsualuri eqspluataciis Sesaxeb ufro dawvrilebiT qvemoT ganvixilavT.

58
arasrulwlovani msxverplis dacva da saerTaSoriso standartebiT aRiarebuli uflebebi, marina
romelTa gaTvaliswineba aucilebelia samarTalwarmoebisas mesxi

zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, arasrulwlovani daculi unda iyos eqspluataciis

yvela sxva formisgan, rac zians ayenebs misi keTildReobis nebismier aspeqts.
garda amisa, efeqturi dacvis uflebis qveS ganxilul unda iqnes iseTi uflebebic,
rogoricaa arasrulwlovnis (cxadia, es Canaweri vrceldeba danaSaulis msxverpli aras-
rulwlovnis mimarTac) janmrTelobisa da samarTlebrivi dacva.

janmrTelobis dacva da servisebze xelmisawvdomoba

nebismieri tipis danaSaulis msxverpli arasrulwlovnisaTvis Zalze mniSvnelova-
nia janmrTelobisa da janmrTelobis dacvis servisebze xelmisawvdomoba, Sesabamisad,
saxelmwifoebis mier uzrunvelyofil unda iqnes bavSvis janmrTelobis ufleba da yvela
servisze xelmisawvdomobis SesaZlebloba, daavadebaTa mkurnaloba, janmrTelobis aRd-
genis xelmisawvdomoba.
aseve, saxelmwifoebma unda gaataron yvela RonisZieba imisaTvis, rom aRmofxvran
yvela SesaZlo mavne praqtika, ramac SeiZleba gavlena moaxdinos bavSvis janmrTelobaze.
rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, arasrulwlovani msxverplis mimarTebaSi am muxliT dac-
uli uflebebiT sargebloba gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania, vinaidan maTi janmrTelobis
mdgomareoba sagangaSoa da TiTqmis yvela qveyanaSi dgas danaSaulis msxverpli arasrul-
wlovnis janmrTelobis efeqturad dacvis problema.
Tu am mimarTebiT erovnul kanonmdeblobas ganvixilavT, aRsaniSnavia ori mniSvnelo-
vani dokumenti: bavSvze zrunvis standartebi26 da bavSvTa referirebis dokumenti, ro-
melic damtkicebulia saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis minis-
tris, ganaTlebis ministrisa da Sinagan saqmeTa ministris erToblivi brZanebiT.27
pirvel dokumentSi bavSvze zrunvis 6 jgufad Camoyalibebuli 15 standartidan,
arasrulwlovani msxverplis dacvis kuTxiT, Zalze mniSvnelovania me-11 da me-12 stand-
artebi, romelic exeba arasrulwlovnis Zaladobisgan dacvas.28

rac Seexeba meore dokuments, igi ramdenime etaps gulisxmobs:

_ Zaladobis msxverpli bavSvis gamovlena;
_ bavSvis mdgomareobis Sefaseba da saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi bavSvis ganTavseba momsax-
urebaSi an momsaxurebebSi, sadac igi usafrTxod iqneba da SesaZlebeli iqneba misi
reabilitacia;
_ SemTxvevebze zedamxedveloba.29

pirveli etapi, romelic Seexeba Zaladobis msxverpli bavSvis gamovlenas, SeiZleba

pirobiTad ori safuZvliT: gadaudebeli mdgomareobiTa da safuZliani eWviT.
gadaudebeli mdgomareobisas aucilebelia saswrafo daxmarebisa da policiis CarT-
va, an SesaZloa, piriqiT, SemTxveva swored maT mier iqnes aRmoCenili.
safuZliani eWvis SemTxvevaSi, eWvis wyaro SesaZloa sxvadasxva iyos: bavSvis sxeulze
dazianebebi; bavSvis saeWvo qceva; bavSvis gancxadeba masze ganxorcielebuli Zaladobis
Sesaxeb; mowmis gancxadeba ganxorcielebuli Zaladobis Sesaxeb, romelsac Seeswro; bavS-
vis sxeulis dazianeba da mSoblis araadekvaturi qceva. dokumentis Tanaxmad, referi-

26
bavSvze zrunvis standartebi, saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis ministris
brZaneba #01-59/n, 2012 wlis 30 agvisto, q. Tbilisi.
27
bavSvTa referirebis dokumenti, romelic damtkicebulia saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da so-
acialuri dacvis ministris, ganaTlebis ministrisa da Sinagan saqmeTa ministris erToblivi brZaneba
#152/n-#496-#45/n, 2010 wlis 31 maisi, q. Tbilisi.
28
sqolio 26.
29
sqolio 27.

59
sisxlis samarTlis aqtualuri sakiTxebi #1

rebis sistemaSi jandacvis, Sinagan saqmeTa saministrosa da ganaTlebis saministroebis

garda, erTveba bavSvTan momuSave organizaciebi, adgilobrivi TviTmmarTveloba, sa-
samarTlo.30

konfidencialurobis ufleba da Zaladobis msxverpli arasrulwlovnis piradi cxov-

rebis dacva
saerTaSoriso standartebis Sesabamisad, zogadad aRiarebuli principia arasrulw-
lovnis piradi cxovrebis dacva, maT Soris mimowerisa da ojaxuri cxovrebis dacva. ro-
gorc zemoT araerTxel aRiniSna, arasrulwlovani msxverplis SemTxvevaSi gansakuTre-
biT mniSvnelovania saerTaSoriso standartebiT aRiarebuli uflebebiT srulyofilad
sargebloba, rac uzrunvelyofil unda iqnes erovnuli kanonmdeblobiTac.
arasrulwlovani msxverplisaTvis Zalze mniSvnelovania misi piradi cxovreba da misi
saidentifikacio monacemebis konfidencialuroba daculi iyos. aseve, ikrZaleba mimow-
erisa da ojaxuri cxovrebis Sesaxeb informaciis gamJRavneba, garda kanoniT dadgenili
SemTxvevebisa da samarTaldamcavi organoebis mier arasrulwlovnis mimarT Cadenili
danaSaulis droulad gamoZiebisa da am mimarTulebiT saqmianobisaTvis saWiroebisa.31

T) reabilitacia
Zaladobis msxverpli arasrulwlovnis reabilitacias uaRresad didi mniSvneloba
aqvs. am mizniT saxelmwifom yvela zoma unda gaataros im bavSvTa fsiqologiuri gajan-
saRebisa da reintegraciis mizniT, romlebic nebismieri saxis ugulebelyofis, eqsplu-
ataciis an borotad gamoyenebis, wamebis, sastiki, araadamianuri da Rirsebis Semlaxavi
mopyrobis, sasjelis Tu sxva tipis danaSaulis msxverplia.
saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT, marTalia, dasaxvewia, Tumca Seqmnilia instituciebi
Zaladobis msxverpli arasrulwlovnis reabilitaciisaTvis. Zaladobis msxverpls, maT
Soris arasrulwlovan msxverpls SeuZlia isargeblobs sxvadasxva servisiTa da sare-
abilitacio programebiT.32
qalTa mimarT Zaladobis an/da ojaxSi Zaladobis aRkveTis, msxverplTa dacvisa da
daxmarebis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanonSi specialuri yuradReba eTmoba arasrulwlovani
msxverplis dacvis RonisZiebebs. arasrulwlovans SeuZlia isargeblos ufaso samarTle-
brivi, samedicino, fsiqologiuri servisebiT TavSesafriT, sareabilitacio programe-
biT.33

daskvna

winamdebare statiaSi mokled iqna mimoxiluli Zaladobis msxverpli arasrulwlo-

vani da masze Zaladobis mavne Sedegebi, saerTaSoriso standartebiT aRiarebuli aras-
rulwlovnis uflebebi da Zaladobis msxverpli arasrulwlovnis dasacavad saxelmwifos
mimarT kanonmdeblobis mowyobis moTxovnebi.
statiaSi erovnuli kanonmdebloba dawvrilebiT Segnebulad ar gangvixilavs, Tumca
ki aucileblad aRsaniSnavia, rom sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobiT, arasrulwlovnis
mimarT Cadenili danaSauli damamZimebel garemoebad iTvleba. amasTanave, erovnuli
kanonmdebloba mxolod im nawilSi iqna gaxiluli, rac konkretulad arasrulwlovani
30
dasaxelebuli naSromi.
31
iqve.
32
sqolio 11, m. 9.
33
iqve, m.16.

60
arasrulwlovani msxverplis dacva da saerTaSoriso standartebiT aRiarebuli uflebebi, marina
romelTa gaTvaliswineba aucilebelia samarTalwarmoebisas mesxi

msxverplis dacvas exeba.

rac Seexeba saWiroebebs, romelsac statiaSi konkretulad ar SevexeT, Semdegnairad
unda CamovayaliboT:
dacvisa da reabilitaciis srulyofilad ganxorcielebisaTvis aucilebelia, pirvel
rigSi, cnobierebis amaRleba, gansakuTrebiT aucilebelia am mimarTulebiT regionebSi
muSaobis gaZliereba. aseve, Zaladobis msxverplTa gamovlenis mizniT informireba, gan-
sakuTrebiT arasrulwlovanTa informireba im instituciebisa da meqanizmebis Sesaxeb,
vis unda mimarTon amgvari SemTxvevebis identificirebisas. garda amisa, referirebis
institutebis gaZliereba da servisebis daxvewa da sxva.
rac Seexeba Zaladobis msxverpli arasrulwlovnis dacvis meqanizmebsa da proble-
mebs am mimarTebiT arsebul sistemaSi yvelaze sust rgolad policia da skola ga-
moiyureba. policia, romelic ver axerxebs arasrulwlovanze Zaladobis SemTxvevebis
srulfasovnad aRkveTas kvalificiuri kadrebis simciris gamo, xolo skolis pedagoge-
bisa da mandaturebis codnis xarisxi sagrZnoblad dabalia Zaladobis msxverpli aras-
rulwlovnis identificirebisa da daxmarebis mimarTebiT.
gacilebiT seriozuli problemaa socialuri muSakebis CarTuloba arasrulwlovani
msxverplis konkretul saqmeebSi. resursis simwire mniSvnelovnad abrkolebs socialur
muSakTa CarTulobas. Sesabamisad, referirebis meqanizmi seriozul gadaxedvasa da dax-
vewas saWiroebs.
garda amisa, Zalze mniSvnelovani da progresuli iqneboda Sinagan saqmeTa saminis-
troSi Seqmniliyo Zaladobis winaaRmdeg brZolis calke struqturuli erTeuli, sadac
aseve moiazreba Zaladobis msxverpli arasrulwlovani. es iqneboda am sakiTxis pri-
oritetulobis xazgasma, rom araferi iTqvas am erTeulis Seqmnis mizanze.
yovelive zemoaRniSulidan gamomdinare, unda iTqvas, rom erovnuli kanonmdeblo-
ba arasrulwlovani msxverplis dacvis nawilSi viTardeba da kanonmdeblobisa da meqa-
nizmebis daxvewis mizniT muSaoba sxvadasxva mimarTulebiT mimdinareobs, rac aucile-
belia arasrulwlovani msxverplis dacvis da daxmarebis intitutebis gaZlierebisaTvis
da kanonmdeblobis mowyobisaTvis saerTaSoriso standartebiT aRiarebuli uflebebis
Sesabamisad.

61
 Sinapatimroba, rogorc Tavisuflebis aRkveTis alternativa
arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebaSi –
istoriuli, samarTlebrivi aspeqtebi da daniSvnis Tavisebureba

qeTevan mWedliSvili - hedrixi

saqarTvelos universitetis asocirebuli profesori;
ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis
saxelmwifo universitetis mowveuli leqtori

saxlidan gasvlis akrZalva, rogorc aRzrdis meTodi ojaxSi

saxlidan gasvlis akrZalva, romlis drosac bavSvs mxolod skolaSi siarulis ufle-
ba aqvs da sxva RonisZiebisaTvis binis datoveba ekrZaleba, gamoiyeneba rogorc pre-
venciuli RonisZieba ara saxelmwifos, aramed ojaxis srulwlovani wevris mier ojaxis
arasrulwlovani wevris mimarT, rogorc aRzrdis meTodi. amgvari saxis `Sinapatimro-
bisas~ arasrulwlovans xSirad eleqtronuli mediiT (kompiuteri, televizori) sarge-
blobasac ukrZalaven.
saxlidan gasvlis akrZalva aRzrdis metad mkacri saxea. misi gamoyenebis sfero ami-
tomac SezRuduli unda iyos. igi mxolod gamonaklis SemTxvevebSi, mcire droiT da mar-
tooden arasrulwlovnis saukeTeso interesebisaTvis unda gamoiyenebodes, anu maSin,
rodesac arasrulwlovans raime safrTxe emuqreba an misgan raime safrTxea mosalodne-
li. rodesac `ojaxuri Sinapatimroba~ sistematuri xasiaTisaa, arasrulwlovnis ufle-
bebs uxeSad xelyofs da mas sulier zians ayenebs, igi ojaxuri Zaladobis formas iRebs
da SesaZlebelia sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis safuZvelic ki gaxdes ojaxuri
Zaladobis gamo (ssk 1261-e muxli).

Sinapatimroba, rogorc Tavisuflebis aRkveTis alternativa da misi miznebi

Sinapatimroba sapatimro sasjelis humanuri da rogorc msjavrdebulis, aseve sa-

xelmwifosaTvis ufro misaRebi alternativaa. sasjelis am saxis gamoyenebisas piri
muSaobas an swavlas agrZelebs da materialur sikeTes an Tavisi momavali nayofieri
cxovrebisaTvis codnis baziss qmnis. amgvarad, Tavidan iqneba acilebuli „kriminaluri
dasnebovneba“.
aSkaraa aseve Sinapatimrobis, rogorc Tavisuflebis aRkveTis alternativis ekono-
miuri upiratesobac. Sinapatimrobisas piri saxelmwifos (gadasaxadis gadamxdels) ar
awevs tvirTad1 da xSirad msjavrdebulis ojaxsac SedarebiT naklebi materialuri da-
1
aSS-Si eleqtronuli zedamxedvelobis gamoyenebis umniSvnelovanes miznad swored es ekonomiuri mizani
saxeldeba da ara humanuri. ix. Lindenberg, Überwindung der Mauer: das elektronische Halsband, München, 1992, S. 69f;
dadebiT kriminologiur aspeqtebze yuradRebas amaxvileben didi britaneTis sisxlis samarTalSi. Illert,
Aspekte einer Implementierung des elektronisch überwachten Hausarrestes in das deutsche Recht, Band 1, Göttingen 2005, S.

62
Sinapatimroba, rogorc Tavisuflebis aRkveTis alternativa arasrulwlovanTa qeTevan
marTlmsajulebaSi _ istoriuli, samarTlebrivi aspeqtebi da daniSvnis Tavisebureba mWedliSvili-hedrixi

naxarjebi warmoeqmneba.2 garda amisa, ivaraudeba, rom Sinapatimrobas kidev sxva, metad
mniSvnelovani da prioritetuli dadebiTi efeqtic, Tavisuflebis aRkveTis alternati-
vis gamoyenebiT gadaWedili cixeebis gantvirTva mohyveba da Sesabamisad sxva Tavisuf-
lebaaRkveTilTaTvis cixis pirobebic gaumjobesdeba.3
arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebaSi Sinapatimrobis mizans arasrulwlovanze sapa-
timro sasjelis uaryofiTi fsiqikuri zemoqmedebisa da stigmatizaciis Tavidan acile-
ba, socialuri integraciis gaumjobeseba, arasrulwlovnis adgilsamyofelis SemowmebiT
mis mier kriminalurad datvirTuli adgilebis monaxulebis Tavidan acileba da skolaSi
regularulad siarulis kontroli warmoadgens. gadatvirTuli cixeebis gantvirTva da
saxelmwifo saxsrebis dazogva arasrulwlovanTa sisxlis samarTlis mizanicaa.4
Sinapatimrobis mxardamWeri kriminologiuri da ekonomiuri argumentebis gverdiT
mniSvnelovania sasjelis am saxis samarTlebrivi Sinaarsis ganxilva. yuradReba unda mie-
qces imas, Tu ramdenad da rodis aqvs mas punitiuri, damsjeli da gamasworebeli (reso-
cializacia) xasiaTi da ramdenad SeuZlia mas sazogadoebis ganmeorebiTi danaSaulisagan
dacva, anu ramdenad vargisiania sasjelis es saxe arasrulwlovanTa sisxlis samarTalSi
da ramdenad SeuZlia eleqtronulad kontrolirebad Sinapatimrobas piris stigmatiza-
ciis Tavidan acileba. am kiTxvebze pasuxis gasacemad unda ganvixiloT Sinapatimrobis
konstruirebis SesaZlo variantebi da samarTalSedarebaze dayrdnobiT movZebnoT ele-
tronulad kontrolirebadi SinapatimrobisaTvis „gamosadegi miznobrivi jgufi,“ anu
sociologiur Jargons Tu vixmarT, Sinapatimrobis „klientura“ arasrulwlovanTa sisx-
lis samarTalSi.

Sinapatimrobisa da misi elqtronuli zedamxedvelobis mokle istoria

Sinapatimroba, rogorc sasjeli, XX saukunis pirmSo araa. SinapatimrobiT jer kidev

1600 wels dasajes galileo galilei. sasjelis am saxis masobrivi gamoyeneba XX sauku-
nis bolo aTwleulebSi, teqnikisa da Sesabamisad eleqtronuli zedamxedvelobis SesaZ-
leblobis ganviTarebas daukavSirda. eqsperimentebi adamianis eleqtronul zedamxedve-
lobaze jer kidev 1964 wlidan tardeboda harvardis universitetSi. pirveli ganaCeni
eleqtronulad kontrolirebadi SinapatimrobiT aseve amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi
1983 wels iqna gamotanili.5 1998 wlisTvis ki StatebSi ukve 95 aTasi eleqtronulad
kontrolirebuli Sinapatimari iyo.6
mosazreba eleqtronulad kontrolirebadi Sinapatimrobis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb ame-
152-153.
2
Lockhart-Mirams/ Pickles/Crowhurst, Cutting Crime, The role of tagging in offender managment, september 2015, p. 6; http://www.
reform.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Tagging-report_AW_WEB.pdf (17.09.2015).
3
Lockhart-Mirams/ Pickles/Crowhurst, Cutting Crime, The role of tagging in offender managment, september 2015, p. 6; http://
www.reform.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Tagging-report_AW_WEB.pdf (17.09.2015). es Sedegi (gadatvirTuli cixee-
bis gantvirTva eleqtronulad kontrolirebuli SinapatimrobiT) amerikis SeerTebul Statebsa da did
britaneTSi dReisaTvis jer miRweuli araa. ix. Illert, Aspekte einer Implementierung des elektronisch überwachten
Hausarrestes in das deutsche Recht, Band 1, Göttingen 2005, S. 150.
4
avtorTa nawili am sasjelis dadebiT ekonomiur aspeqtebs wamoswevs. Unger-Tas, Alternatives to prison sentences,
experiences and developments, p. 31, https://english.wodc.nl/binaries/ov-1994-01-full-text_tcm29-77924.pdf (08.03.2017).
avtorTa meore nawili ki eleqtronulad kontrolirebuli Sinapatimrobis socialur da ekonomiur aspe-
qtebs Tanabar yuradRebas uTmobs. Illert, Aspekte einer Implementierung des elektronisch überwachten Hausarrestes in das
deutsche Recht, Band 1, Göttingen 2005, S. 158-159.
5
xerxeuliZe, i. probaciis instituti _ arasrulwlovan damnaSaveTa reintegraciis uzrunvelyofis insti-
tuti (saqarTvelosa da aSS-is sisxlissamarTlebrivi midgomis analizi), mzia lekveiSvili 85, saiubileo
statiaTa krebuli, Tb., 2014, gv. 198.
6
http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/explainer/2009/01/youre_grounded.html (09.03.2017).

63
sisxlis samarTlis aqtualuri sakiTxebi #1

rikis SeerTebuli Statebis arasrulwlovanTa sisxlis samarTalSi 1971 wels gamoiT-

qva. Sinapatimrobis am saxis ganviTarebas gasuli saukunis 80-iani wlebSi xeli Seuwyo
qveyanaSi arsebulma gansakuTrebulma kriminogenulma mdgomareobam. am periodisaTvis
amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis arasrulwlovanTa sasjelaRsrulebis, gamasworebel da-
wesebulebebsa da usaxlkaro arasrulwlovanTa TavSesafrebSi 51.000, zrdasrulTa sas-
jelaRsrulebis dawesebulebebSi ki 500 000 arasrulwlovani iyo moTavsebuli. gadat-
virTul cixeebSi TviTgadarCenis mizniT arasrulwlovnebi bandebs qmnidnen da maTi
resocializacia amitomac SeuZlebeli xdeboda. maRali iyo zrdasrulTa sasjelaRsru-
lebis dawesebulebebSi moTavsebul arasrulwlovanTa sikvdilianobisa da TviTmkvle-
lobis maCvenebeli. zrdasrulTa sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebebSi moTavsebul aras-
rulwlovanTa 60% kvdeboda, arasrulwlovanTa TviTmkvlelobis maCvenebeli rvajer
meti iyo, vidre arasrulwlovanTa specialur sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebebSi.7 am
sagangaSo mdgomareobis gamo gasuli saukunis oTxmociani wlebis naxevridan amerikis
SeerTebuli Statebis arasrulwlovanTa sisxlis samarTalSi sxva alternatiul sasje-
lebs eleqtronuli zedamxedvelobiT ganxorcielebuli Sinapatimrobac daemata. evro-
paSi ki eleqtronulad kontrolirebuli Sinapatimroba arasrulwlovnebSi pirvelad
did britaneTSi 1989 wels dainerga.

Sinapatimrobis saxeebi da misi gamoyenebis alternativebi

Sinapatimroba SesaZlebelia kanonmdeblobaSi gaTvaliswinebul iqnes rogorc ele-

qtronuli kontroliT, aseve mis gareSe.8 Sinapatimroba eleqtronuli kontrolis ga-
reSe pirovnul zedamxedvelobasTanaa dakavSirebuli. piri am dros mowmdeba an arare-
gularuli satelefono saubrebiT an piradi vizitebiT. Tanamedrove periodSi amgvari
araregularuli pirovnuli kontaqtiT ganxorcielebul Sinapatimrobas umravles Sem-
TxvevaSi eleqtronuli zedamxedvelobiT ganxorcielebuli Sinapatimroba cvlis.9
eleqtronulad kontrolirebadi Sinapatimrobis („Electronic Monitored Home Confine-
ment“) samSobloSi, amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi, Sinapatimrobis sam sxvadasxva saxes
iyeneben:
1. komendantis saaTi („Curfew“) pirs Ramis saaTebsa da SabaT-kviras saxlidan gausv-
lelobas avaldebulebs. Sinapatimrobis es saxe sasjelis SedarebiT msubuqi formaa.
2. pirveli saxis SinapatimrobasTan SedarebiT sasjelis ufro mkacri saxea „Home
Detention“, romelic pirs mudmivad saxlSi yofnis valdebulebas akisrebs da uflebas aZ-
levs, sacxovrebeli mxolod gansazRvruli miznebisaTvis datovos.
3. Sinapatimrobis yvelaze mkacri formaa saxlidan gasvlisa da stumris miRebis ab-
soluturi akrZalva, „Home Incarceration“.10

7
Illert, Aspekte einer Implementierung des elektronisch überwachten Hausarrestes in das deutsche Recht, Band 1, Göttingen 2005,
S. 146.
8
eleqtronuli zedamxedveloba SeiZleba daukavSirdes rogorc Sinapatimrobas, aseve mxolod piris ad-
gilsamyofelis Semowmebas. mag., germaniaSi pedofiliisaTvis sasjelmoxdils prevenciisaTvis SeiZleba
aekrZalos skolasTan, sabavSvo baRTan an bavSvTa TavSeyris sxva adgilebTan miaxloeba da es akrZalva
eleqtronuli samajuriT Semowmdes. germaniis sisxlis samarTlis prqtika aCvenebs, rom amgvari eleqtro-
nuli zedamxedveloba prevenciisaTvis gamousadegaria.
9
Junger-Tas, Alternatives to prison sentences, experiences and developments, p. 31, https://english.wodc.nl/binaries/ov-1994-01-
full-text_tcm29-77924.pdf (08.03.2017); Illert, Aspekte einer Implementierung des elektronisch überwachten Hausarrestes in das
deutsche Recht, Band 1, Göttingen 2005, S. 146.
10
Önel, Verfassungsmäßigkeit und Effektivität der „Elektronischen Fußfessel“, in: Jahrbuch des Kriminalwissenschaftlichen Institutes
der Leibniz Universität Hannover, B. 1, 2012, S.3.

64
Sinapatimroba, rogorc Tavisuflebis aRkveTis alternativa arasrulwlovanTa qeTevan
marTlmsajulebaSi _ istoriuli, samarTlebrivi aspeqtebi da daniSvnis Tavisebureba mWedliSvili-hedrixi

msoflioSi eleqtronuli zedamxedvelobis gamoyenebis mravali sxvadasxva saxe zoga-

dad or jgufad unda daiyos: cixis karamdeli („Frontdoor System“) da cixis Semdgomi Ta-
visuflebis aRkveTis alternativa („Backdoor System“). cixis karamdeli alternativa pirs
sapatimro sasjels srulad acilebs Tavidan. eleqtronuli zedamxedveloba am dros
gamoiyeneba winaswari patimrobis an moklevadiani Tavisuflebis aRkveTis nacvlad. cixis
Semdgomi sistema („Backdoor System“) ki sapatimro sasjelis nawilobrivi moxdis Semdeg,
pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebisas gamoiyeneba.
evropaSi 90-iani wlebis bolomde yvelaze gavrcelebuli iyo „Frontdoor System“ mokle-
vadiani Tavisuflebis aRkveTisa da winaswari patimrobis Tavidan asacileblad. dReisaT-
vis gacilebiT ufro xSirad iyeneben Tavisuflebis aRkveTis darCenili nawilis Secvlas
eleqtronuli zedamxedvelobiT, anu cixis Semdgom Sinapatimrobas („Backdoor System“).
dasavleT evropaSi arasrulwlovani damnaSaveebisaTvis eleqtronul zedamxedvelobas
2012 wlis monacemebiT iyenebda inglisi, uelsi da germaniaSi _- hesenis mxare. arasrul-
wlovanTa sisxlis samarTalSi hesenis mxare am RonisZiebas arasrulwlovanTa sapatimro
sasjelis srul dasrulebamde „TavisuflebisaTvis mosamzadeblad“ iyenebs da ara mok-
levadiani Tavisuflebis aRkveTis an winaswari patimrobis alternativad.11

eleqtronuli zedamxedvelobis teqnikuri mxare

erTmaneTisagan ganasxvaveben Sinapatimrobis eleqtronuli kontrolis aqtiur da

pasiur formas. Sinapatimrobis eleqtronuli zedamxedvelobisas aqtiuri formisas piri
mudmivi zedamxedvelobis qveSaa. piri am dros eleqtronul samajurs atarebs xelze an
fexis koWze da misi adgilsamyofeli GPS mowyobilobiT mowmdeba. pasiuri formis ze-
damxedvelobisas Semowmebis ramdenime varianti arsebobs:
1. pirs telefoniT ukavSirdebian da misi saxlSi yofna piris kidurze mimagrebuli
kodis ganmSifravis, telefonTan SeerTebuli damadasturebeli yuTisa (Verifyng Box) da
telefonis kontaqtiT kontroldeba.
2. pirs telefoniT ukavSirdebian, amis Semdeg igi Tavad rekavs da kompiuterSi da-
programebul winadadebebs imeorebs. xmis identifikacia piris identifikaciis saSuale-
bas iZleva.
3. piris identifikaciisaTvis videofoni gamoiyeneba.
eleqtronuli zedamxedvelobis pasiuri sistema ufro iaf da saimedo teqnikur ze-
damxedvelobad iTvleba, vidre aqtiuri.12

eleqtronulad kontrolirebuli Sinapatimroba arasrulwlovnebSi

germaniaSi eleqtronul kontrols arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebaSi mxolod he-

senis mxare mimarTavs.13 aq, rogorc wesi, eleqtronuli monitoringi gamoiyeneba preven-
ciuli patimrobidan gaTavisuflebul im zrdasruli, umZimesi danaSaulis Camden pirTa

11
hesenis miwis arasrulwlovanTa sasjelaRsrulebis kideqsis §16 III.
12
Fünfsinn, Eelektronische Fußfessel und Prävention – ein Widerspruch? S. 4, http://www.praeventionstag.de/dokumentation/down-
load.cms?id=554; (1.03.2017); Illert, Aspekte einer Implementierung des elektronisch überwachten Hausarrestes in das deutsche
Recht, Band 1, Göttingen 2005, S. 7; Unger-Tas, Alternatives to prison sentences, experiences and developments, p. 31, https://
english.wodc.nl/binaries/ov-1994-01-full-text_tcm29-77924.pdf (08.03.2017).
13
ix. hesenis miwis arasrulwlovanTa sasjelaRsrulebis kideqsis §16 III. https://justizministerium.hessen.de/sites/
default/files/HMdJIE/hessisches_jugenstrafvollzugsgesetz_-_hessjstvollzg.pdf (12.01.2017).

65
sisxlis samarTlis aqtualuri sakiTxebi #1

mimarT, romelTaganac, specialistTa daskvniT, recidivia mosalodneli da romlebic

prevenciuli patimrobidan14 evropis adamianis uflebaTa sasamarTlos mier 2009 wlis
gadawyvetilebiT gaTavisufldnen.15
2012 wlis monacemebiT, arasrulwlovani damnaSaveebisaTvis eleqtronuli samajuri
inglissa da uelsSi gamoiyeneboda.16 sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba did brita-
neTSi 10 wlis asakidan iwyeba, amitomac Teoriulad eleqtronulad kontrolirebadi
Sinapatimrobac am asakidan aris SesaZlebeli, Tumca ar gamoiyeneba.17 arasrulwlovanTa
sapiloto proeqtebSi monawileTa asaki aSSi-Si 14-17 wlamde (1986-1988 wlebi), did bri-
taneTSi ki 14-15 wlamde (1998-2000 wlebi) meryeobda.
eleqtronulad kontrolirebadi Sinapatimrobis warmatebulad ganxorcielebisaT-
vis mniSvnelovania sasjelis am saxis miznobrivi jgufis gansazRvra. eleqtronuli sa-
majuris gamoyenebis yvelaze didi safrTxe misi araswori adresatis mimarT gamoyeneba,
e.i. eleqtronulad kontrolirebadi SinapatimrobiT im piris dasjaa, romelsac Tavi-
suflebis ucilobeli aRkveTa ar emuqreba. sisxlis samarTalSi sworad miuTiTeben, rom
Sinapatimroba eleqtronuli zedamxedvelobiT ultima ratio, ukanaskneli saSualeba unda
iyos da mxolod maSin unda gamoiyenebodes, rodesac Tavisuflebis aRkveTis pirobiTi
msjavriT Secvla SeuZlebelia.18 winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi adgili eqneba saxelmwifo kon-
trolis dausabuTebel gafarToebas (net widening).19
SinapatimrobisaTvis „klienturis“, anu samarTaldamrReveTagan im pirTa SerCeva,
romelTa mimarTac eleqtronulad kontrolirebuli Sinapatimroba sasurvel Sedegs
(prevencia, resocializacia, sasjelis punitiuri funqciis Sesruleba) gamoiRebs da kon-
traproduqtiuli ar iqneba, metad rTulia. es sakiTxi msoflios sxvadasxva qveyanaSi
sxvadasxvanairad wydeba.
germaniaSi hesenis mxare eleqtronul kontrols mimarTavs im arasrulwlovanTa mi-
marT, romlebsac gaTavisuflebamde 6 Tve darCaT da Tavisufali cxovrebisaTvis misamz-
adeblad vadamde adre Tavisufldebian.20
aSS-Si sxvadasxva mravali Sinapatimrobis eleqtronuli zedamxedvelobis proeqti
xorcieldeba. aSS-is programaTa is nawili, romelic literaturaSia gaanalizebuli,
miznobriv jgufSi aerTianebs im pirebs, romelTa mimarTac derivacia gamoiyeneba, anda
maT, romlebic am sasjelis gareSe winaswar patimrobaSi iqnebodnen ayvanili,21 ese igi,
literaturaSi ganxiluli aSS-is programebiT, xdeba cixis karamdeli eleqtronuli ze-
damxedvelobiT ganxorcielebuli Sinapatimrobis gaTvaliswineba.

14
Brauneisen, Die elektronische Überwachung des Aufenthaltsorts als neues Instrument der Führungsaufsicht, StV 5, 2011, S. 311.
15
berlinis 19.12.2016 teraqtis Semdeg SemuSavda kanonproeqti, romelic e.w. „safrTxis SemqmnelTa“ mimarT
prevenciulad eleqtronuli samajuris gamoyenebas iTvaliswinebs. https://www.bundesregierung.de/Content/DE/
Artikel/2017/02/2017-02-07-elektronische-fussfessel.html (19.03.2017).
16
Önel, Verfassungsmäßigkeit und Effektivität der „Elektronischen Fußfessel“, in: Jahrbuch des Kriminalwissenschaftlichen Institu-
tes der Leibniz Universität Hannover, B. 1, 2012,S. 12.
17
Illert, Aspekte einer Implementierung des elektronisch überwachten Hausarrestes in das deutsche Recht, Band 1, Göttingen 2005,
S. 151.
18
Fromel, Alternative Strafen und alternativen zum Freiheitsentzung, Neue Kriminalpollitik 1999, 3. S. 12.
19
mWedliSvili-hedrixi, wignSi: sisxlis samarTlis liberalizaciis tendenciebi saqarTveloSi, Todua
(red.), Tbilisi 2016, gv. 701; Mayer, Modelprojekt elektronische Fußfessel, S.25-26. http://www.markus-mayer-info.de/
Forschungaktuell23.pdf (09.09.2015).
20
hesenis miwis arasrulwlovanTa sasjelaRsrulebis kideqsis §16 III. https://justizministerium.hessen.de/sites/default/
files/HMdJIE/hessisches_jugenstrafvollzugsgesetz-hessjstvollzg.pdf (12.01.2017).
21
Illert, Aspekte einer Implementierung des elektronisch überwachten Hausarrestes in das deutsche Recht, Band 1, Göttingen 2005,
S. 17 f.

66
Sinapatimroba, rogorc Tavisuflebis aRkveTis alternativa arasrulwlovanTa qeTevan
marTlmsajulebaSi _ istoriuli, samarTlebrivi aspeqtebi da daniSvnis Tavisebureba mWedliSvili-hedrixi

Sinapatimrobis eleqtronuli zedamxedvelobis zemoqmedeba

msjavrdebulze da misi efeqturoba

calsaxaa, rom eleqtronuli zedamxedvelobiT ganxorcielebuli Sinapatimroba sas-

jelis gacilebiT ufro msubuqi formaa, vidre Tavisuflebis aRkveTa, Tumca uaryofiT
fizikur da fsiqologiur Sedegs sasjelis es saxec iwvevs.
germaniaSi erT-erTi sapiloto proeqtis gamosacdel pirTa 27% eleqtronuli sa-
majuris tarebisas fizikuri Civilebi, kunTis dasieba, kanis gadayvlefa da tkivilebi
aReniSneboda.22 eleqtronuli samajuris tarebisas SeuZlebelia im fexsacmlis Cacma,
romelic pirs koWamde swvdeba. Tu misi profesia specialuri fexsacmlis tarebas moiT-
xovs, mis mier am samuSaos Sesruleba SeuZlebeli iqneba.23
did britaneTSi Catarebulma gamokiTxvam aCvena, rom, marTalia, eleqtronulad ga-
kontrolebuli Sinapatimroba bavSvis akademiur moswrebaze zegavlenas ar axdens, magram
SezRudulia jgufuri sportuli aqtivoba, radgan elsamajuris xilvadoba mozardSi
uxerxulobis SegrZnebas iwvevs. delinqventi mozardebi miuTiTebdnen, rom isini ami-
tomac ufro met dros saxlSi atarebdnen kompiuterTan da televizorTan da ufro
didxans eZinaT.24 jgufuri sportuli TamaSebi gundur suliskveTebas ayalibebs da uaR-
resad did rols TamaSobs arasrulwlovnis jansaR fizikur da fsiqikur ganviTarebaSi.
Sesabamisad, amgvari sportuli aqtivobis SesaZleblobis gamoricxva sasjelis am saxis
negatiur maCvenebels warmoadgens.
samedicino-fsiqologiuri kvlevebis mixedviT, eleqtronuli zedamxedvelobiT gan-
xorcielebuli Sinapatimrobisas, sasjelis aRsrulebis dawyebidan eqvsi Tvis Semdeg,
srulwlovan da fsiqikurad mdgrad pirebs fsiqikuri gadaxrebi aReniSnebaT. amerikis
SeerTebul StatebSi 1986-1988 wlebSi ganxorcielebulma kvlevam aCvena, rom eleqtro-
nuli zedamxedvelobiT ganxorcielebuli Sinapatimroba arasrulwlovnebSi gacilebiT
ufro swrafad iwvevs saxlSi iZulebiT darCenasTan dakavSirebul fsiqikur gadaxras
(Hauskoller) da am gadaxriT determinirebul Zaladobas ojaxis wevrTa mimarT, amitomac
pasuxismgebeli pirebis gadawyvetilebiT arasrulwlovanTa Sinapatimrobis xisti wese-
bisagan regularulad gamonakliss uSvebdnen.25
amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi Sinapatimrobis sasjelaRsrulebaze dakvirvebam aCvena,
rom gansakuTrebiT didi fsiqikuri problemebi warmoiSoboda maSin, rodesac arasrul-
wlovani 24 saaTs saxlSi marto atarebda (mag., ardadegebis dros). mowyenilobis gamo
arasrulwlovans qceviTi problemebi uCndeboda gansakuTrebiT maSin, Tu zrdasruli
piri am periodSi masze ar zrunavda. arasrulwlovanTa erTi nawili ki amgvar sasjels
metad msubuqad da Sesabamisad, seriozulad ar aiRiqvamda.26 mocemuli kvleva cxadyofs,
rom arasrulwlovanTa nawilis mimarT sasjelis es saxe kontraproduqtiulia da masze
dakisrebul punitiur funqcias ver Seasrulebs. Sesabamisad, aucilebelia adamianuri

22
Bräuchle/Kinzing, Die elektronische Aufenthaltsüberwachung im Rahmen der Führunsgaufsicht, S. 14, https://www.bmjv.de/
SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/PDF/BereichMinisterium/Kurzbericht_elektronische_Aufenthaltsueberwachung_im_Rahmen_der_
Fuehrungsaufsicht.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=1 (19.03.2017).
23
Bräuchle/Kinzing, Die elektronische Aufenthaltsüberwachung im Rahmen der Führunsgaufsicht, S. 14, https://www.bmjv.de/
SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/PDF/BereichMinisterium/Kurzbericht_elektronische_Aufenthaltsueberwachung_im_Rahmen_der_
Fuehrungsaufsicht.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=1 (19.03.2017).
24
iqve, Illert, Aspekte einer Implementierung des elektronisch überwachten Hausarrestes in das deutsche Recht, Band 1, Göttingen
2005, S. 153.
25
Illert, Aspekte einer Implementierung des elektronisch überwachten Hausarrestes in das deutsche Recht, Band 1, Göttingen 2005,
S. 148.
26
Illert, Aspekte einer Implementierung des elektronisch überwachten Hausarrestes in das deutsche Recht, Band 1, Göttingen 2005,
S. 149.

67
sisxlis samarTlis aqtualuri sakiTxebi #1

kontrolic, raTa arasrulwlovanma Cadenili qmedebis arsi gaisigrZeganos.

am uaryofTi maCveneblebis gamo safrangeTma eleqtronuli monitoringis sapilo-
to proeqtSi eleqtronuli samajuris gamoyeneba zrdasrul pirTa mimarT eqvsi TviT
SezRuda.27 aSS-is erT sapiloto proeqtSi eleqtronuli zedamxedvelobis xangrZlivoba
16-dan 90 dRes Seadgenda, didi britaneTSi eleqtronuli zedamxedvelobis xangrZlivo-
ba 10-dan 15 wlamde asakis delinqventebisaTvis kanoniTaa gansazRvruli da sam Tves ar
unda aRematebodes.28 germaniaSi, hesenis miwaze arasrulwlovanTa mimarT eleqtronuli
zedamxedveloba SeiZleba mxolod 6 Tvemde dainiSnos.29
miuxedavad am problemebisa, arasrulwlovanTa dasja eleqtronulad gakontrole-
buli SinapatimrobiT amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis dasaxelebuli proeqtis kvlevisas
dadebiTad Sefasda. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac Sinapatimroba winaswari patimrobis magier
iqna gamoyenebuli, arasrulwlovanTa mier sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebaSi yofnis
dReebi da Sesabamisad, kriminaluri dasnebovnebis saSiSroeba Semcirda. amasTanave, mo-
samarTles saSualeba mieca, gaekeTebina daskvna imis Sesaxeb, Tu ramdenad iyo sasjelis
es saxe gamosadegi im arasrulwlovanTaTvis, romelTa mimarTac winaswari patimrobis
magier Sinapatimroba iqna gamoyenebuli.30
kvlevis Sedegad dadebiTad Sefasda aseve (garda im upiratesobebisa, romlebic sta-
tiis dasawyisSi iyo CamoTvlili) is faqtic, rom Sinapatimrobam mSoblebsa da arasrul-
wlovans Soris komunikacias Seuwyo xeli, aseve SesaZlebeli gaxda Sesabamisi organoebis
mier mSoblebTan kontaqtis damyareba da mSoblebsa da Svilebs Soris arsebuli im pro-
blemis aRmofxvra, romelic SesaZloa, arasrulwlovnis devianturi qcevis mizezi iyo.31
igive Sedegebi aCvena did britaneTSi Catarebulma kvlevam.32
eleqtronulad kontrolirebuli Sinapatimrobis erT-erT mniSvnelovan momxre ar-
gumentad gadatvirTuli cixeebis gantvirTva mohyavT. 2005 wlis monacemebiT amerikis
SeerTebul StatebSi empiriuli kvlevebi arasrulwlovanTa sasjelaRsrulebis dawese-
bulebebSi arsebul situaciasa da eleqtronulad kontrolirebad Sinapatimrobas So-
ris ar arsebobs. Sesabamisad, amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi jer kidev daudgenelia, Tu
ramdenad efeqturia sasjelis es saxe da ramdenad miiRweva es mizani arasrulwlovanTa
mimarTebiT. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT im faqts, rom eleqtronulad kontrolirebulma Sina-
patimrobam zrdasrulTa cixeebSi arsebuli gadatvirTulobis problema ver moxsna,33
savaraudoa, rom arasrulwlovanTa sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebebTan mimarTebaSic
imave efeqts hqondes adgili. did britaneTSi ganxorcielebulma kvlevam calsaxad aCve-
na, rom arasulwlovanTa mimarT gamoyenebulma eleqtronulad kontrolirebulma Sina-
patimrobam gadatvirTuli sasjelaRsrulebis organoebi ver gamoaTavisufla. miuxeda-
vad amisa, ivaraudeba, rom sasjelis am saxis gamoyenebiT saxelmwifo saxsrebs dazogavs.34

27
ix. https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronische_Fu%C3%9Ffessel (15.06.2015).
28
Illert, Aspekte einer Implementierung des elektronisch überwachten Hausarrestes in das deutsche Recht, Band 1, Göttingen 2005,
S. 150-152.
29
hesenis miwis (germania) arasrulwlovanTa sasjelaRsrulebis kodeqsis $16 III.
30
iqve, Illert, Aspekte einer Implementierung des elektronisch überwachten Hausarrestes in das deutsche Recht, Band 1, Göttingen
2005, S. 149.
31
iqve, Illert, Aspekte einer Implementierung des elektronisch überwachten Hausarrestes in das deutsche Recht, Band 1, Göttingen
2005, S. 150.
32
iqve, Illert, Aspekte einer Implementierung des elektronisch überwachten Hausarrestes in das deutsche Recht, Band 1, Göttingen
2005, S. 153.
33
Trapp. Rechtswirklichkeit von Auflagen und Weisungen bei Strafaussetzung auf Bewährung, Dissertation, Tübingen 2003, S.
26, https://publikationen.uni-tuebingen.de/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10900/43695/pdf/Dissertation_Trapp_Endversion_23-07.pdf?
sequence=1 (12.03.2017).
34
iqve, llert, Aspekte einer Implementierung des elektronisch überwachten Hausarrestes in das deutsche Recht, Band 1, Göttingen
2005, S. 153-154.

68
Sinapatimroba, rogorc Tavisuflebis aRkveTis alternativa arasrulwlovanTa qeTevan
marTlmsajulebaSi _ istoriuli, samarTlebrivi aspeqtebi da daniSvnis Tavisebureba mWedliSvili-hedrixi

eleqtronul samajurs, gavrcelebuli mosazrebis Tanaxmad, danaSaulis prevencia

ar SeuZlia,35 amitomac arasrulwlovanTa sisxlis samarTalSi raime sxva Sedegs ar unda
velodeT.

eleqtronulad gakontrolebuli Sinapatimrobis perspeqtivebi

saqarTvelos arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebaSi

Sinapatimroba, rogorc Tavisuflebis aRkveTis alternativa, saqarTvelos arasrul-

wlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kodeqsis 68-e muxlSia gaTvaliswinebuli. misi teqnikuri
uzrunvelyofa eleqtronul zedamxedvelobas ukavSirdeba (arasrulwlovanTa marTlm-
sajulebis kodeqsis 68-e muxlis me-5 nawili). am normis mixedviT, Sinapatimroba dRe-
Ramis gansazRvrul periodSi arasrulwlovnisaTvis mis sacxovrebel adgilas yofnis
valdebulebis dakisrebas gulisxmobs. kanonmdebeli aqve miuTiTebs, rom sasjelis am
saxem anazRaurebad samuSaos an swavlas xeli ar unda SeuSalos. rogorc vxedavT, kanoni
arasrulwlovans sacxovreblis gansazRvruli miznebisaTvis datovebis uflebas aZlevs,
anu qarTvelma kanonmdebelma arasrulwlovanTa mimarT eleqtronulad kontrolireba-
di Sinapatimrobis msubuqi saxe „Home Detention“ amoarCia.
arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kodeqsis 68-e muxlis me-3 nawiliT, Sinapatim-
roba naklebad mZime danaSaulis SemTxvevaSi iniSneba, anu qarTveli kanonmdebeli „ci-
xiskaramdel Sinapatimrobas“ iyenebs. sisxlis samarTlis praqtikaSi yuradReba unda
mieqces eleqtronuli zedamxedvelobiT ganxorcielebuli Sinapatimrobis ekonomiur
gamoyenebas. elsamajuris gamoyeneba moklevadiani Tavisuflebis aRkveTis nacvlad mxo-
lod uaRresad gamonaklis SemTxvevebSi unda iyos daSvebuli, anu maSin, rodesac Tavi-
suflebis aRkveTa pirs uciloblad emuqreba. mxolod amgvarad iqneba Tavidan acile-
buli socialuri kontrolis dauSvebeli gafarToebis safrTxe net widening, anu sisxlis
samarTlis eqspansia.36
qarTul sinamdvileSi eleqtronuli zedamxedvelobiT kontrolirebuli Sinapatim-
robis gamoyeneba karg Sedegs moitans arasrulwlovanTa pirobiT vadamde gaTavisufle-
bisas da sasjelis mouxdeli nawilis Secvlisas SinapatimrobiT da misi eleqtronuli
kontroliT, anu elsamajuri „cixis karis Semdeg“. kargi iqneboda aseve, Tu eleqtro-
nulad kontrolirebuli Sinapatimroba ucilobeli winaswari patimrobisasac iqneboda
gamoyenebuli.
msoflio gamocdilebis gaTvaliswinebiT, sasurvelia ,saqarTveloSi ara mxolod
arasrulwlovnis Sinapatimrobis eleqtronuli kontroli, aramed am kontrolis zegav-
lenis mecnieruli kvlevac arasrulwlovnis Camouyalibebel fsiqikaze. Tu dadgindeba,
rom eleqtronulma kontrolma arasrulwlovanze negatiuri fsiqikuri zegavlena moax-
dina, SesaZlebeli unda iyos sasjelis am zomis sxva alternatiuli sasjeliT Secvla.
arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kodeqsi am mimarTulebiT Sesabamis regulacias
unda iTvaliswinebdes. 2017 wlis aprilis Tvis monacemebiT sasjelis saxed Sinapatimro-
ba eleqtronuli samajuriT saqarTveloSi 20 arasrulwlovnis mimarT dainiSna. aqedan
sami arasrulwlovani sasjelis am saxes ver Seegua da eleqtronuli kontroli TviT-
35
mWedliSvili-hedrixi, wignSi: sisxlis samarTlis liberalizaciis tendenciebi saqarTveloSi, Todua
(red.), Tb., 2016, gv. 700; Bräuchle/Kinzing, Die elektronische Aufenthaltsüberwachung im Rahmen der Führunsgaufsicht, S.
16, https://www.bmjv.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/PDF/BereichMinisterium/Kurzbericht_elektronische_Aufenthaltsueberwa-
chung_im_Rahmen_der_Fuehrungsaufsicht.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=1 (19.03.2017).
36
aSS-Si eleqtronul borkils xSirad iyeneben im pirTa mimarTac, romelTa mimarT sapatimro sasjelis au-
cilebloba ar arsebobs. Kubik, Strafen und ihre Alternativen im Zeitlichen Wandel, Berlin 2001, S. 618.

69
sisxlis samarTlis aqtualuri sakiTxebi #1

neburad Sewyvita. saintereso iqneba am arasrulwlovanTa gamokiTxva sasjelis am saxis

efeqturobis dasadgenad da SesaZlo xarvezebis aRmosafxvrelad.
ucxour sisxlis samarTlis praqtikaSi dadginda, rom eleqtronuli zedamxedveloba
recidivis safrTxes Tavidan ver gvacilebs da araregularuli adamianuri kontrolis
gareSe ganxorcielebisas prevenciisaTvis naklebad gamodgeba.37 amitomac saqarTveloSi
eleqtronuli zedamxedvelobiT ganxorcielebuli Sinapatimroba mWidrod unda dau-
kavSirdes sxva socialur RonisZiebebs. Sinapatimrobisas adamianis faqtori ar unda
iyos gamoricxuli da saxelmwifos zemoqmedeba arasrulwlovan damnaSaveze mxolod
virtualur sazRvrebSi moqceviT ar unda dasruldes. martooden eleqtronuli ze-
damxedvelobis ganxorcieleba sasjelis miznebs ver Seasrulebs. amitomac aucilebelia
risk-jgufebze morgebuli social-fsiqologiuri da saswavlo treningebis SemoReba da
valdebulebebis dakisreba (mag., detoqsikaciis valdebuleba).
yuradReba unda mieqces aseve dazaralebulis interesebsac. qonebrivi danaSauli-
saTvis elsamajuris tarebis valdebulebasTan erTad zaralis anazRaurebisa da dazara-
lebulTan urTierTobis dabalansebis valdebulebis dakisreba sazogadoebrivi mSvido-
bianobis damkvidrebis sawindari iqneba.
cnobilia, rom zogierT qveyanaSi eleqtronuli zedamxedvelobis xarjis nawils ms-
javrdebuli anazRaurebs.38 avstriaSi es Tanxa yoveldRiurad 22 evros Seadgens. Tana-
dafinansebis valdebulebis arseboba socialurad daucveli piris mimarT sasjelis am
saxis gamoyenebis SeuZleblobamde da Sesabamisad, mis diskriminaciamde migviyvans.
amasTanave, yuradReba unda mieqces arasrulwlovanTa piradi cxovrebis dacvasac.
arasrulwlovanTa sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis me-13 muxlis me-2 nawilis Tanaxmad, in-
formacia arasrulwlovnis nasamarTlobis Sesaxeb sajaro araa. aseve dauSvebelia aras-
rulwlovanTa personaluri monacemebis raime saxiT gamJRavneba. eleqtronuli samaju-
ri ki yvelasaTvis xilvadia da arasrulwlovnis nasamarTlobas asajaroebs, Sesabamisad,
xdeba misi izolacia, stigmatizacia da marginalizacia. amasTanave, Sinapatimrobis xisti
kviris gegma socialuri kontaqtebis dakargvas iwvevs, amitomac Sinapatimrobis gegma
gamonaklis SemTxvevebSi sxva socialuri kontaqtebisaTvis (dabadebis dRe, dResaswauli)
adgils unda tovebdes.39
garda amisa, mniSvnelovania aseve eleqtronuli zedamxedvelobiT ganxorcielebuli
Sinapatimrobis dasrulebis Semdeg yvela mopovebuli informaciis ganadgurebis valde-
buleba, rac arasrulwlovnis piradi cxovrebis dacvis sawindari iqneba.40

daskvna

saqarTvelos arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kodeqsis 68-e muxlis me-3 nawi-

liT, naklebad mZime danaSaulis Camdeni arasrulwlovnis mimarT eleqtronulad kon-
trolirebadi Sinapatimrobis gamoyeneba araproporciulad mZime sasjelia da man SeiZ-
leba mravali uaryofiTi Sedegi gamoiwvios. ukeTesi iqneba, Tu sasjelis es saxe ara
naklebad mZime danaSaulis Camdeni arasrulwlovnis mimarT, aramed arasrulwlovnis
pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebisas, anu mxolod „cixis karis Semdeg“ da ucilobeli wi-
naswari patimrobisas iqneboda gamoyenebuli.
37
http://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/inland/salafist-reist-trotz-elektronischer-fussfessel-nach-syrien-13207421.html (09.09.2015).
38
Strafvollzug in Österreich, S. 35, https://www.justiz.gv.at/web2013/file/2c94848b47af5e070148aba8bc8c1661.de.0/strafvollzug_
download.pdf (15.06.2015).
39
Mayer, Modelprojekt elektronische Fußfessel, S.23. http://www.markus-mayer-info.de/Forschungaktuell23.pdf (09.09.2015).
40
saxelmwifos amgvari valdebulebaa gansazRvruli hesenis miwis arasrulwlovanTa sasjelaRsrulebis ko-
deqsis §65 II.

70
 arasrulwlovnis saukeTeso interesebis prioritetulobis,
rogorc arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kodeqsis
umniSvnelovanesi principis mniSvneloba sasamarTlo praqtikaSi
ioseb varZelaSvili
samarTlis doqtori,
iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis
iuridiuli fakultetis sisxlis samarTlis mimarTulebis mowveuli leqtori,
iusticiis umaRlesi sabWos samosamarTlo eTikis sammarTvelos ufrosi

arasrulwlovnis saukeTeso interesebis prioritetuloba, rogorc arasrulwlo-

vanTa marTlmsajulebis kodeqsis umniSvnelovanesi principi, siaxlea qarTul sisxlis
samarTalSi. 2015 wlis 12 ivniss saqarTvelos parlamentis mier miRebul iqna arasrul-
wlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kodeqsi, romlis ZiriTadi nawili amoqmedda 2016 wlis 1
ianvridan. swored aRniSnuli kodeqsiT pirvelad iqna gaTvaliswinebuli arasrulw-
lovnis saukeTeso interesebis prioritetuloba. 2016 wlis 1 ianvramde arasrulwlo-
vanTa marTlmsajulebis maregulirebeli normebi gaTvaliswinebuli iyo saqarTvelos
materialuri sisxlis samarTlisa da sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdeblobiT.
aRniSnuli kanonmdebloba ar iTvaliswinebda arasrulwlovnis saukeTeso interesebis
prioritetulobas, rogorc arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis erT-erT princips.
arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kodeqsma pirvel adgilze daayena arasrulwlovnis
saukeTeso interesebi.
arasrulwlovanTa saukeTeso interesebi ganmartebulia arasrulwlovanTa marTlm-
sajulebis kodeqsis me-3 muxlis me-4 nawiliT, romlis Tanaxmadac, arasrulwlovnis
saukeTeso interesebi aris arasrulwlovnis usafrTxoebis, keTildReobis, janmrTelo-
bis dacvis, ganaTlebis, ganviTarebis, resocializacia-reabilitaciisa da sxva inter-
esebi, romlebic saerTaSoriso standartebisa da arasrulwlovnis individualuri max-
asiaTeblebis Sesabamisad, agreTve misi azris gaTvaliswinebiT ganisazRvreba. rogorc
vxedavT, kanonmdebeli amomwuravad ar CamoTvlis Tu ra igulisxmeba arasrulwlovnis
saukeTeso interesebSi (sxva interesebi..) da mis ganmartebas samarTalSemfardebels an-
dobs.
miuxedavad imisa, rom `saukeTeso interesebi~ ar aris zustad gansazRvruli, bavSvis
uflebaTa komiteti #10 zogad komentarSi ganmartavs: `magaliTisaTvis, bavSvis yvelaze
saukeTeso interesebis dacva niSnavs imas, rom sisxlis samarTlis marTlmsajulebis ise-
Ti tradiciuli miznebi, rogoricaa damnaSavis dasja, danaSaulis Camdeni bavSvebisaTvis
unda Seicvalos reabilitaciisa da aRdgeniTi marTlmsajulebis miznebiT. aRniSnulis
miRweva SesaZlebelia sazogadoebriv usafrTxoebaze yuradRebis gamaxvilebis parale-
lurad.~1
arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kodeqsis me-4 muxlis Tanaxmad, arasrulwlo-

1
bavSvis uflebaTa komiteti, zogadi komentari #10 (2007), punqti 10.

71
sisxlis samarTlis aqtualuri sakiTxebi #1

vanTa marTlmsajulebis procesSi, upirveles yovlisa, gaiTvaliswineba arasrulwlovnis

saukeTeso interesebi. ras niSnavs, upirveles yovlisa, gaiTvaliswineba arasrulwlovnis
saukeTeso interesebi?! arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kodeqsis me-2 TavSi gaTval-
iswinebulia arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis zogadi principebi: arasrulwlovnis
saukeTeso interesebis prioritetuloba, diskriminaciis akrZalva, Tanazomiereba, aras-
rulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis procesis gaWianurebis dauSvebloba da a.S. amdenad,
arasrulwlovnis saukeTeso interesebis prioritetulobasTan erTad, kanonmdeblobiT
gaTvaliswinebulia sxva principebic, romelTa gaTvaliswinebac savaldebuloa. Cemi az-
riT, amk-is me-4 muxlSi miTiTebuli `upirveles yovlisa~ gulisxmobs imas, rom arasrul-
wlovnis saukeTeso interesebs prioriteti eniWeba sxva principebTan SedarebiT.
iuridiul literaturaSi miTiTebulia, rom sisxlis samarTlis sxva aRiarebul prin-
cipebTan SedarebiT da ufro metic, arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis sxva princi-
pebTan SedarebiTac ki, upiratesoba eniWeba arasrulwlovanTa saukeTeso interesebis
princips. Sesabamisad, sxva principi arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis procesSi mx-
olod maSin unda gamoviyenoT, Tu igi ar ewinaaRmdegeba arasrulwlovnis saukeTeso
interess.2
amasTan, unda aRiniSnos isic, rom arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kodeqsis
pirveli muxlis me-2 nawilis Tanaxmad, am kodeqsis mizania marTlmsajulebis procesSi
arasrulwlovnis saukeTeso interesebis dacva. Semdeg mosdevs arasrulwlovnis reso-
cializacia-reabilitacia, arasrulwlovani dazaralebulisa da arasrulwlovani mow-
mis uflebaTa dacva da a.S. rogorc vxedavT, arasrulwlovnis saukeTeso interesebis
dacva aris arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kodeqsis upirvelesi mizani. arasrulw-
lovnis saukeTeso interesebis prioritetuloba wiTel zolad gasdevs arasrulwlovan-
Ta marTlmsajulebis kodeqss.
arasrulwlovnis saukeTeso interesebis gaTvaliswineba savaldebuloa ara mxolod
arasrulwlovani braldebulis, aramed arasrulwlovani dazaralebulisa da mowmis
mimarTac. Tumca unda aRiniSnos isic, rom arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kodeqsi
ZiriTad aqcents akeTebs kanonTan konfliqtSi myofi arasrulwlovnis saukeTeso inter-
esebis dacvaze. ase magaliTad:
arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kodeqsis 75-e muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanax-
mad, arasrulwlovnisTvis sasjelis daniSvnisas mosamarTle, pirvel rigSi, iTvalis-
winebs mis saukeTeso interesebs da individualuri Sefasebis angariSs. aRniSnuli normi-
dan gamomdinare, mosamarTle arasrulwlovnis mimarT sasjelis daniSvnisas or ZiriTad
kriteriums unda daeyrdnos. esenia: 1) arasrulwlovnis saukeTeso interesebi da 2) in-
dividualuri Sefasebis angariSi.
rogorc vxedavT, arasrulwlovnis saukeTeso interesebs sxvadasxva datvirTva
gaaCnia: 1) arasrulwlovnis saukeTeso interesebis prioritetuloba arasrulwlovanTa
marTlmsajulebis umniSvnelovanesi principia; 2) arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis
erT-erTi mizani arasrulwlovnis saukeTeso interesebis dacvaa; 3) arasrulwlovnis
mimarT sasjelis daniSvnisas arasrulwlovnis saukeTeso interesebs gadamwyveti mniSvn-
eloba eniWeba.
bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis me-3 muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad, bavSvis mimarT
nebismier qmedebaTa ganxorcielebisas, upirvelesi yuradReba eTmoba bavSvis interese-
bis dacvis ukeT uzrunvelyofas.3

2
sisxlis samarTali, zogadi nawili, saxelmZRvanelo, avtorTa koleqtivi, red. g. naWyebia, n. Todua, 2016,
gv. 625.
3
bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia.

72
arasrulwlovnis saukeTeso interesebis prioritetulobis, rogorc arasrulwlovanTa ioseb
marTlmsajulebis kodeqsis umniSvnelovanesi principis mniSvneloba sasamarTlo praqtikaSi varZelaSvili

arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis administrirebisas yvela gadawyvetilebis miRe-

baSi upiratesoba unda eniWebodes arasrulwlovnis saukeTeso interesebs. arasrulw-
lovnebi srulwlovnebisgan gansxvavdebian TavianTi fizikuri da gonebrivi ganviTarebis
doniT, emociuri mdgomareobiTa da ganaTlebis saWiroebebiT. swored es gansxvavebebi
warmoadgens arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis gansxvavebuli sistemis Seqmnis safuZ-
vels da moiTxovs arasrulwlovanTa mimarT gansxvavebul damokidebulebas.4
bavSvis uflebaTa komitetma ganacxada, rom bavSvebis, rogorc jgufis, interesebis
ganxilvisas, bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia da `standartebi da normebi~ erTad: `mogviwo-
deben, davamkvidroT bavSvze orientirebuli sistema, romelic aRiarebs bavSvs funda-
menturi uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis mqone subieqtad da yuradRebas gaamaxvilebs
imis aucileblobaze, rom bavSvebTan dakavSirebiT ganxorcielebuli nebismieri qmedeba
nakarnaxevi unda iyos, upirveles yovlisa, bavSvis saukeTeso interesiT“.5
`saukeTeso interesebis~ testi moiTxovs, rom arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis
sistemam ar unda gamoiyenos damsjelobiTi RonisZiebebi da amis nacvlad xeli Seuwyos
danaSaulis Camdeni bavSvebis reintegracias.6
„saukeTeso interesis testi“ aseve gulisxmobs mosamarTlis mxridan imis gaTval-
iswinebas, Tu ra Sedegi SeiZleba moaxdinos sasjelma arasrulwlovanze da Sesabamisad,
Seufardos proporciuli, arasrulwlovnis keTildReobasa da ganviTarebaze naklebi
gavlenis mqone sasjeli. arasrulwlovnis saukeTeso interesis gansazRvra unda moxdes
yovel individualur SemTxvevaSi da warmoadgendes mniSvnelovan process.7
bavSvis saukeTeso interesis gansazRvrisas gadawyvetilebis mimRebebma unda gaiTval-
iswinon misi pirovneba, survilebi, viTareba, ojaxuri mdgomareoba, savaraudo Sede-
gi, romelsac ganaCeni moaxdens mis ganviTarebasa da keTildReobaze da sxva Sesabamisi
sakiTxebi.8
aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, sasamarTlo valdebulia arasrulwlovnis mimarT sasje-
lis daniSvnisas xazi gausvas arasrulwlovnis saukeTeso interesebis prioritetulobas.
am mxriv sainteresoa erT-erTi saqme sasamarTlo praqtikidan:
Tbilisis saapelacio sasamarTlom arasrulwlovnis mimarT gamotanil ganaCenSi miu-
TiTa Semdegi: `sasjelis daniSvnis dros palatam gaiTvaliswina arasrulwlovnis sauke-
Teso interesi da individualuri Sefasebis angariSi. kerZod, danaSaulis Cadenis dros
z. y. iyo arasrulwlovani _ 16 wlis, cxovrobs dedasTan erTad, naqiraveb binaSi. amas-
Tan, deda muSaobs sxva qalaqSi da maT yoveldRiuri urTierToba ar gaaCniaT. sagulisx-
moa is faqti, rom z. y. motivirebuli axalgazrdaa, gasaTvaliswinebelia aseve misi oja-
xis qonebrivi mdgomareoba. mxedvelobaSia misaRebi is garemoeba, rom mas surs umaRles
saswavlebelSi swavlis gagrZeleba, emzadeba inglisurSi.~9
arasrulwlovnis saukeTeso interesebis mniSvnelobazea saubari Tbilisis saqalaqo
sasamarTlos erT-erT ganaCenSic. sasamarTlo arasrulwlovnis mimarT gamotanil gana-
CenSi miuTiTebs Semdegs: `marTalia, braldebulis amJamindeli asaki Seadgens 16 wels,
Tumca, gansaxilvel SemTxvevaSi, sasamarTlo arasrulwlovnis saukeTeso interesisa da

4
ganmartebiTi baraTi saqarTvelos kanonis `arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kodeqsi~ proeqtze.
5
bavSvis uflebaTa komiteti, bavSvis uflebaTa komitetis moxseneba, mecxre sesia (1995), gaeros dok.
CRC/C/43, gv. 64.
6
hamiltoni, q., arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis sakanonmdeblo reformis saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebi,
niu-iorki, 2011, gv. 34.
7
ganmartebiTi baraTi saqarTvelos kanonis `arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kodeqsi~ proeqtze.
8
hamiltoni, q., arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis sakanonmdeblo reformis saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebi,
niu-iorki, 2011, gv. 35.
9
Tbilisis saapelacio sasamarTlos sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa palatis 2016 wlis 23 martis ganaCeni, saqme
#1/b-165-16.

73
sisxlis samarTlis aqtualuri sakiTxebi #1

misi prioritetulobis gaTvaliswinebiT, mxedvelobaSi iRebs samedicino eqspertizis

daskvnas, romlis Tanaxmadac, r. b-s biologiuri asaki, dReisaTvis, Tavisi fizikuri
ganviTarebiT, Seesabameba daaxloebiT 15 wlis pirovnebas, ris gamoc, sasamarTlo r. b-s
dadgenil asakad, swored _ 15 wels miiCnevs10. aRniSnuli saqme sainteresoa aseve sas-
jelis konkretuli saxisa da zomis gamoyenebis TvalsazrisiTac. sasamarTlom ganaCenSi
sakmaod kargad daasabuTa arasrulwlovnis mimarT arasapatimro sasjelTa gamoyenebis
mizanSeuwonloba. kerZod, sasamarTlom ganaCenSi ganmarta, rom arasrulwlovans jari-
mas ver dauniSnavda, vinaidan mas ar gaaCnda damoukidebeli Semosavali. sasamarTlom
mizanSeuwonlad miiCnia aseve sazogadoebisaTvis sasargeblo Sromis, Sinapatimrobisa da
pirobiTi msjavris daniSvna, vinaidan aRniSnul sasjelTa aRsrulebisaTvis erT-erTi
umTavresi garemoeba aris sacxovrebeli adgilis stabiluroba da konkretuli piris
arseboba, romelic arasrulwlovans sasjelis moxdis periodSi Sesabamis yuradRebas
miaqcevs. gansaxilvel SemTxvevaSi, arasrulwlovan r. b-s ar hyavda ojaxi, misi sacxo-
vrebeli adgili mudmivad icvleboda, igi quCaSi vaWrobiT iyo dakavebuli. aRniSnulidan
gamomdinare, sasamarTlom miiCnia, rom arasrulwlovnis mimarT arasapatimro sasjelis
gamoyeneba ar iqneboda efeqturi, ris gamoc mizanSewonilad miiCnia mis mimarT Tavisuf-
lebis aRkveTis daniSvna. amasTan, sasamarTlom ganaCenSi miuTiTa, rom arasrulwlovani
r. b warsulSi ar yofila nasamarTlevi, man dakavebisTanave aRiara Cadenili danaSauli,
riTac xeli Seuwyo gamoZiebas, ris gamoc mas ganusazRvra kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul zR-
varze naklebi sasjeli (6 TviT Tavisuflebis aRkveTa).
mimaCnia, rom arasrulwlovnis mimarT saqmis ganxilvisas da ganaCenis dadgenisas
amosavli wertili unda iyos arasrulwlovnis saukeTeso interesebi. rac mTavaria, aras-
rulwlovnis mimarT sasjelis daniSvna unda moxdes arasrulwlovnis saukeTeso intere-
sebis gaTvaliswinebiT. sasamarTlom arasrulwlovnis mimarT gamotanil ganaCenSi unda
daasabuTos konkretuli sasjelis saxisa da zomis gamoyeneba. amasTan, mimaCnia, rom,
rodesac sasamarTlo arasrulwlovans uniSnavs Tavisuflebis aRkveTas, man unda daasa-
buTos aRniSnuli sasjelis gamoyeneba da arasapatimro sasjelTa daniSvnis mizanSeuwon-
loba.
sasamarTlo praqtikis Seswavla cxadyofs, rom arasrulwlovnis mimarT gamotanil
ganaCenebSi mosamarTleebi zogjer zogadad uTiTeben konkretul normas da ar asabu-
Teben mis gamoyenebas. ase magaliTad:
Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa kolegiis 2016 wlis 8
ianvris ganaCenSi miTiTebulia: `sasamarTlo sasjelis daniSvnisas iTvaliswinebs dana-
Saulis Cadenis motivsa da mizans, qmedebaSi gamovlenil marTlsawinaaRmdego nebas, mo-
valeobaTa darRvevis xasiaTsa da zomas, qmedebis ganxorcielebis saxes, xerxsa da mar-
TlsawinaaRmdego Sedegs, aseve arasrulwlovani braldebulis pirovnebas, cxovrebis,
aRzrdis, ganviTarebis pirobebs, ojaxur viTarebas.~11 rogorc vxedavT, sasamarTlom
ganaCenSi miuTiTa sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 53-e muxlis me-3 nawilSi miTiTebuli
garemoebebi da ar ganmarta saTiTaod raSi gamoixateboda TiToeuli maTgani. magaliTad,
ganaCenSi ar aris miTiTebuli da namsjeli arasrulwlovani braldebulis pirovnebis
Sesaxeb, agreTve misi cxovrebis, aRzrdisa da ojaxuri mdgomareobis Taobaze da a.S.
mimaCnia, rom mosamarTle arasrulwlovnis mimarT gamotanil ganaCenSi ar unda Se-
moifarglos mxolod konkretuli normis citirebiT. sasamarTlo valdebulia sasjelis
daniSvnisas daasabuTos TiToeuli Semamsubuqebeli da damamZimebeli garemoeba. amasTan,
10
Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa kolegiis 2016 wlis 14 ivnisis ganaCeni, saqme
#1/2469-16.
11
Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa kolegiis 2016 wlis 8 ianvris ganaCeni, saqme
#1/3950-15.

74
arasrulwlovnis saukeTeso interesebis prioritetulobis, rogorc arasrulwlovanTa ioseb
marTlmsajulebis kodeqsis umniSvnelovanesi principis mniSvneloba sasamarTlo praqtikaSi varZelaSvili

ganaCenSi ar aris miTiTeba arasrulwlovnis saukeTeso interesebis prioritetulobis

Sesaxeb. arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kodeqsis Sesabamisad, arasrulwlovnis
saukeTeso interesebis gaTvaliswineba sasjelis daniSvnisas savaldebuloa.
arasrulwlovnis saukeTeso interesebis prioritetulobasTan dakavSirebiT, sainte-
resoa erT-erTi saqme sasamarTlo praqtikidan.
quTaisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos 2013 wlis 9 seqtembris ganaCeniT, k. m. cnobil iqna
damnaSaved saqarTvelos ssk-is 19,177-e muxlis mesame nawilis „a“ qvepunqtiT da miesa-
ja 4 wliT Tavisuflebis aRkveTa, rac ssk-is 88-e muxlis safuZvelze Seumcirda erTi
meoTxediT da Seefarda 3 wliT Tavisuflebis aRkveTa, rac ssk-is 63-64-e muxlebis sa-
fuZvelze CaeTvala pirobiT, 4 wlis gamosacdeli vadiT. aRniSnul ganaCenSi quTaisis
saapelacio sasamarTlos sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa palatis 2014 wlis 17 Tebervlis
ganaCeniT Sevida cvlileba, kerZod, gasaCivrebuli ganaCenidan amoiricxa miTiTeba k. m-s
daniSnuli sasjelis pirobiT CaTvlis Sesaxeb. k. m cnobil iqna damnaSaved saqarTvelos
ssk-is 19,177-e muxlis me-3 nawilis „a“ qvepunqtiT da miesaja 4 wliT Tavisuflebis aRk-
veTa, rac ssk-is 88-e muxlis safuZvelze Seumcirda 1/4-iT da sabolood sasjelis zomad
ganesazRvra 3 wliT Tavisuflebis aRkveTa.12
saqmis masalebis Tanaxmad, k. m-m danaSauli Caidina arasrulwlovnobis periodSi,
xolo ganaCenis gamotanis dros igi ukve iyo srulwlovani. 2016 wlis 1 ianvramde moqme-
di sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 63-e muxlis me-5 nawilis Sesabamisad, arasrulwlovnis
mimarT pirobiTi msjavris daniSvna SesaZlebeli iyo im SemTxvevaSi, Tu mas ganaCenis ga-
motanis momentisaTvis ar hqonda Sesrulebuli 18 weli. kanonmdebloba aqcents akeTebda
ganaCenis gamotanis droze da danaSaulis Cadenis dros mniSvnelobas ar aniWebda. saqmis
faqtobrivi garemoebebidan gamomdinare, k. m-s mimarT pirobiTi msjavris gamoyeneba
dauSvebeli iyo. Tumca, sakasacio instanciis sasamarTlom miiCnia, rom zemoaRniSnuli
normis danawesi ewinaaRmdegeboda arasrulwlovnis saukeTeso interess, ris gamoc k. m-s
dauniSna pirobiTi msjavri. rogorc vxedavT, saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos gana-
CenSi, upirveles yovlisa, gaTvaliswinebulia arasrulwlovnis saukeTeso interesebi.
mimaCnia, rom saqarTvelos uzenaesma sasamarTlom samarTliani gadawyvetileba miiRo,
rac, vfiqrob, mniSvnelovani precedentia sasamarTlo praqtikisTvis.
Tavisuflebis aRkveTa, rogorc sasjelis erT-erTi saxe, arasrulwlovnis mimarT
gamoyenebuli, unda iqnas ukidures SemTxvevaSi. am mxriv sainteresoa erT-erTi saqme
sasamarTlo praqtikidan:
rusTavis saqalaqo sasamarTlos 2016 wlis 2 Tebervlis ganaCeniT arasrulwlovan
a.m-s saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 177-e muxlis me-2 nawilis `a~ da `b~ qve-
punqtebiT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulis CadenisaTvis sasjelis saxed da zomad ganesaz-
Rvra Sinapatimroba 6 (eqvsi) Tvis vadiT.13 a.m-s daekisra sacxovrebel adgilas yofnis
valdebuleba 24:00 saaTidan 07:00 saaTamde periodSi. 2016 wlis 11 Tebervals, a. m-ma
daniSnuli sasjelis aRsrulebis Sewyvetis mizniT ganzrax daaziana gadamcemis samagrisi
(klifsi) da marjvena qveda kiduridan moixsna gadamcemi (samajuri). Semowmebis Sedegad
dazianebuli samagrisi aRmoCnda msjavrdebulis sacxovrebel misamarTze. probaciis bi-
uros ufrosis Suamdgomlobis safuZvelze, rusTavis saqalaqo sasamarTlos 2016 wlis
26 Tebervlis ganCinebiT a.m-s mimarT daniSnuli sasjeli Sinapatimroba 6 Tvis vadiT
Seicvala Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT 6 Tvis vadiT, rac CaeTvala pirobiTad da gamosacdel
vadad ganesazRvra 1 weli.14

12
saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos 2015 wlis 29 ivnisis ganaCeni, saqme #2k-265ap-15.
13
rusTavis saqalaqo sasamarTlos 2016 wlis 2 Tebervlis ganaCeni, saqme #1/10-16.
14
rusTavis saqalaqo sasamarTlos 2016 wlis 26 Tebervlis ganCineba, saqme #6g-03-16

75
sisxlis samarTlis aqtualuri sakiTxebi #1

mimaCnia, rom sasamarTlom swori gadawyvetileba miiRo, rodesac Sinapatimrobis na-

cvlad daniSna pirobiTi msjavri, vinaidan Tavisuflebis aRkveTa unda dainiSnos mxolod
ukidures SemTxvevaSi. amdenad, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom arasrulwlovnis mimarT sasjelis
daniSvnisas gadamwyveti mniSvneloba eniWeba arasrulwlovnis saukeTeso interesebs.
arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kodeqsSi gvxdeba iseTi normebi, romlebic mo-
samarTleTa mxridan ganmartebas saWiroebs. ase magaliTad:
arasrulwlovnisaTvis kanoniT gaTvaliswinebulze ufro msubuqi sasjelis daniSvnis
erT-erTi winapirobaa is, rom arasrulwlovnis mimarT warsulSi ar unda iyos gamotani-
li gamamtyunebeli ganaCeni. ras niSnavs warsulSi ar unda iyos gamotanili gamamtyunebeli
ganaCeni?! es niSnavs imas, rom saerTod ar unda iyos gamotanili gamamtyunebeli ganaCeni,
Tu SesaZlebelia, arasrulwlovnis mimarT warsulSi gamotanil iqna gamamtyunebeli ga-
naCeni, Tumca mas nasamarTloba gauqarwylda. mimaCnia, rom, Tu arasrulwlovnis mimarT
warsulSi gamotanili iyo gamamtyunebeli ganaCeni da mas nasamarTloba gaqarwylebu-
li aqvs, SesaZlebelia mis mimarT kanoniT gaTvaliswinebulze ufro msubuqi sasjelis
daniSvna. vinaidan moxsnili an gaqarwylebuli nasamarTloba mxedvelobaSi ar miiReba,
dauSvebelia arasrulwlovnis mimarT sasjelis daniSvnisas gaqarwylebuli nasamarTlo-
bis mxedvelobaSi miReba. mimaCnia, rom zemoaRniSnuli normis arasrulwlovnis sazianod
ganmarteba dauSvebelia, vinaidan normis ganmartebisas yuradReba unda iqnes gadatanili
arasrulwlovnis saukeTeso interesebis prioritetulobaze.
arasrulwlovnis mimarT vadiani Tavisuflebis aRkveTis daniSvnis erT-erTi wina-
piroba aris warsulSi mis mimarT gamamtyunebeli ganaCenis arseboba. arasrulwlovnis
mimarT vadiani Tavisuflebis aRkveTis daniSvna SesaZlebelia mZime da gansakuTrebiT
mZime danaSaulis SemTxvevaSi. naklebad mZime danaSaulis Cadenis SemTxvevaSi vadiani
Tavisuflebis aRkveTis daniSvna dauSvebelia, garda im SemTxvevisa, rodesac arasrulw-
lovani Tavs aridebs arasapatimro sasjels an warsulSi mis mimarT gamotanili iyo gama-
mtyunebeli ganaCeni. magaliTad, arasrulwlovnis mimarT gamotanil iqna gamamtyunebeli
ganaCeni. nasamarTlobis gaqarwylebis Semdeg Caidina naklebad mZime danaSauli. SesaZle-
belia Tu ara arasrulwlovnis mimarT sasjelis saxiT gamoyenebul iqnes vadiani Tav-
isuflebis aRkveTa?! Tu amk-is 73-e muxlis pirvel nawils sityvasityviT ganvmartavT,
SesaZlebelia, vinaidan arasrulwlovnis mimarT warsulSi gamotanili iyo gamamtyunebe-
li ganaCeni. vfiqrob, aRniSnuli ganmarteba ar Seesabameba arasrulwlovnis saukeTeso
interesebs. am mxriv sainteresoa saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos praqtika:
saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa palatis 2016 wlis
20 oqtombris ganaCenSi miTiTebulia: `Tu arasrulwlovani nasamarTlobis armqonea (mas
moxsnili an gaqarwylebuli aqvs nasamarTloba), mis mimarT warsulSi gamotanili gama-
mtyunebeli ganaCeni ar unda iqnes mxedvelobaSi miRebuli~15. vfiqrob, rom sakasacio
instanciis sasamarTlom arasrulwlovnis saukeTeso interesebidan gamomdinare, sworad
ganmarta arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kodeqsis 73-e muxlis danawesi.
arasrulwlovnis mimarT pirobiTi msjavris daniSvnis erT-erTi winapirobaa is, rom
igi warsulSi ganzraxi danaSaulisaTvis msjavrdebuli ar unda iyos. ras niSnavs war-
sulSi ganzraxi danaSaulisaTvis msjavrdebuli ar unda iyos?! aRniSnuli gulisxmobs
imas, rom igi saerTod ar yofila msjavrdebuli, Tu SesaZlebelia, igi msjavrdebuli
iyo ganzraxi danaSaulisaTvis, Tumca aRniSnuli danaSaulisTvis nasamarTloba moxsni-
li an gaqarwylebuli aqvs? magaliTad, 17 wlis arasrulwlovanma Caidina naklebad mZime
danaSauli. igi adre msjavrdebul iqna ganzraxi danaSaulisaTvis, Tumca am danaSauli-

15
saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa palatis 2016 wlis 20 oqtombris ganaCeni,
saqme #172ag-16.

76
arasrulwlovnis saukeTeso interesebis prioritetulobis, rogorc arasrulwlovanTa ioseb
marTlmsajulebis kodeqsis umniSvnelovanesi principis mniSvneloba sasamarTlo praqtikaSi varZelaSvili

saTvis mas nasamarTloba gauqarwylda. SesaZlebelia Tu ara am konkretul SemTxvevaSi

pirobiTi msjavris gamoyeneba?! Tu arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kodeqsis 74-e
muxls sityva-sityviT ganvmartavT, pirobiTi msjavris daniSvna dauSvebelia, vinaidan
arasrulwlovani warsulSi msjavrdebuli iyo ganzraxi danaSaulisaTvis. Tumca mimaCnia,
rom aseTi ganmarteba arasworia. marTalia, zemoaRniSnul normaSi ar aris miTiTebuli
`nasamarTlevi ar yofila~, miTiTebulia `msjavrdebuli ar yofila~, Tumca vfiqrob,
rom `msjavrdebuli ar yofila~ masSi unda moviazroT ara mxolod is SemTxveva, rodesac
arasrulwlovani saerTod ar yofila msjavrdebuli, aramed iseTi SemTxvevac, rodesac
igi adre msjavrdebuli iyo, Tumca am danaSaulisTvis mas nasamarTloba gauqarwylda.
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis Sesabamisad, moxsnili an gaqarwylebuli na-
samarTloba mxedvelobaSi ar miiReba. swored am kuTxiT unda mivudgeT zemoaRniSnul
sakiTxsac, raTa arasrulwlovani msjavrdebulis uflebebi da kanonieri interesebi
ar iqnes darRveuli. mimaCnia, rom normis arasrulwlovnis sawinaaRmdegod ganmarte-
ba dauSvebelia, vinaidan arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kodeqsi orientirebulia
arasrulwlovnis saukeTeso interesebis dacvaze, anu prioriteti unda mieniWos aras-
rulwlovnis saukeTeso interesebs.
mimaCnia, rom, rodesac kanonmdeblobaSi arsebobs xarvezi an bundovaneba, samarTal-
Semfardebelma unda imoqmedos arasrulwlovnis saukeTeso interesebis prioritetulo-
bis principis dacviT da norma unda ganmartos arasrulwlovnis sasargeblod.

77
 individualuri Sefasebis angariSis mniSvneloba
arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebaSi
Tamar maxarobliZe
ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis
saxelmwifo universitetis doqtoranti,
saqarTvelos iusticiis saministros samarTalSemoqmedebis
departamentis sajaro da sisxlis samarTlis sammarTvelos mrCeveli

Sesavali

marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebis procesSi arasrulwlovanTa WeSmariti interese-

bisa da maTi uflebebis saTanado dacvis mizniT prioritetulia saTanado meqanizmebis
Seqmna. mozardTa mimarT aucilebelia bavSvis uflebebze orientirebuli sisxlis samar-
Tlis politikis SemuSaveba, romelic, pirvel rigSi, gamosworebaze da ara dasjaze ori-
entirebuli marTlmsajulebis magaliTi iqneba. iuvenalur iusticiaSi erT-erTi aseTi
yvelaze mniSvnelovani meqanizmia arasrulwlovanTa individualuri Sefasebis danergva.
arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kodeqsi, romelic saqarTvelos parlamentma
2015 wlis 12 ivniss miiRo, iTvaliswinebs individualuri Sefasebis angariSis instituts.
msgavsi modelis amoqmedebis rekomendacia wevr saxelmwifoebs evrosabWos ministrTa
komitetma jer kidev 2010 wlis 20 ianvars miRebuli rekomendaciiT misca _ `probaciis
organoebis muSaoba unda moicavdes aseve informaciisa da rCevebis miwodebas sasamar-
Tlo organoebisTvis, raTa daexmaros informirebuli da samarTliani gadawyvetile-
bebis miRebas sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis warmoebis an sasjelis, an sxva RonisZiebebis
Sefasebis Taobaze. aseT SemTxvevaSi, probaciis organoebi regularulad unda ukavSir-
debodnen sasamarTlo xelisuflebis organoebs, sadac aseTi angariSi SesaZlebelia saW-
iro iyos. sasjelis Sefardebamde momzadebuli angariSebi unda efuZnebodes pirvelwy-
aros da ramdenadac es SesaZlebelia, iyos gadamowmebuli~.1 saerTaSoriso standartebis
Tanaxmad, arasrulwlovanTa samarTalwarmoebis dros masTan dakavSirebiT nebismieri
gadawyvetilebis miRebisas, mxedvelobaSi unda iqnes miRebuli arasrulwlovnis keTil-
dReobis uzrunvelyofa, misi asaki, ganaCenis simZime ki gansazRvrul iqnes imgvarad, rom
SemdgomSi xeli Seuwyos arasrulwlovnis sazogadoebaSi dabrunebas da ar iyos mimarTu-
li arasrulwlovnis dasjisken.2
individualuri Sefasebis angariSi erT-erT yvelaze mniSvnelovani siaxlea arasrul-
wlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kodeqsSi. am institutis ganviTareba da praqtikaSi gamoy-
eneba ki, saTanado uwyebebis erT-erT prioritetuli amocanaa. naSromSi mimovixilav
individualuri Sefasebis angariSs qarTul sisxlis samarTalSi, mis mniSvnelobas iuve-
nalur iusticiaSi da gamoyenebas sasjelis daniSvnis dros.
1
evropis sabWos ministrTa komitetis rekomendacia CM/Rec(2010)1 wevri saxelmwifoebisadmi evrosabWos
probaciis wesebis Sesaxeb (miRebulia ministrTa komitetis mier 2010 wlis 20 ianvars ministrTa moadgile-
ebis 1075-e sxdomaze), punqti 42-43.
2
bavSvis uflebebis Sesaxeb konvencia, 1989, muxli 37(b); gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa komitetis zogadi komen-
tari #10 marTlmsajulebis sistemaSi bavSvis uflebebis Sesaxeb, 2007, punqti 28.

78
individualuri Sefasebis angariSis mniSvneloba Tamar
arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebaSi maxarobliZe

1. individualuri Sefasebis angariSi qarTul sisxlis samarTalSi

individualuri Sefasebis angariSi sruliad axali institutia qarTul sisxlis

samarTalSi. arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kodeqsSi principis donezea gawerili
srulwlovnebis asaks miuRweveli pirisadmi individualuri midgoma, kerZod, kodeqsis
me-14 muxliT, arasrulwlovnis mimarT gadawyvetilebis miRebisas gaiTvaliswineba misi
individualuri maxasiaTeblebi: asaki, ganviTarebis done, cxovrebis, aRzrdisa da gan-
viTarebis pirobebi, ganaTleba, janmrTelobis mdgomareoba, ojaxuri viTareba da sxva
garemoebebi, romlebic arasrulwlovnis xasiaTisa da qcevis Taviseburebebis Sefase-
bis da misi saWiroebebis gansazRvris SesaZleblobas iZleva. aRniSnuli individualuri
maxasiaTeblebi gaiTvaliswineba individualuri Sefasebis angariSis safuZvelze. indi-
vidualuri Sefasebis angariSSi aisaxeba arasrulwlovnis gansakuTrebuli saWiroebebi,
danaSaulis/administraciuli samarTaldarRvevis Cadenis riski da, Sesabamisad, aras-
rulwlovnis saTanado ganviTarebisa da sazogadoebaSi integraciis xelSewyobisaTvis
rekomendebuli RonisZiebebi. individualuri Sefasebis angariSis momzadeba da gaTvalis-
wineba savaldebuloa sisxlis samarTlis procesis xuT stadiaze: ganridebis RonisZiebis
gansazRvrisas, sasjelis daniSvnisas, sapatimro sasjelis individualuri dagegmvisas,
arasapatimro sasjelis aRsrulebisas da pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebis sakiTxis gan-
xilvisas. individualuri Sefasebis angariSs amzadebs saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebisa
da probaciis saministros mmarTvelobis sferoSi moqmedi sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli
piri, arasapatimro sasjelTa aRsrulebisa da probaciis erovnuli saagento, xolo sapa-
timro sasjelis individualuri dagegmvisas da pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebis sakiT-
xis ganxilvisas _ penitenciuri departamenti.
CamoTvlil stadiebze individualuri Sefasebis angariSis momzadebis meTodolo-
gia, wesi da standarti ganisazRvreba saqarTvelos iusticiis, Sinagan saqmeTa da sas-
jelaRsrulebisa da probaciis ministrebis 2016 wlis 15 martis #132/#95/#23 erToblivi
brZanebiT. brZanebis #1 danarTi ganridebis RonisZiebis gansazRvrisas individualuri
Sefasebis angariSis momzadebis meTodologias, wessa da standarts exeba. aRniSnuli da-
narTis pirveli muxlis me-2 punqtiT angariSis momzadebas uzrunvelyofs saqarTvelos
sasjelaRsrulebisa da probaciis saministros ssip arasapatimro sasjelTa aRsrulebi-
sa da probaciis erovnuli saagento misi struqturuli erTeulis _ sareabilitacio
programebis sammarTvelos socialuri muSakis meSveobiT, xolo probaciis erovnuli
saagentos arasapatimro sasjelTa aRsrulebisa da probaciis biuros im samoqmedo ter-
itoriaze, sadac ar xorcieldeba socialuri muSakis momsaxureba, specialurad gadamza-
debuli probaciis oficris meSveobiT, prokuroris werilobiTi mimarTvis safuZvelze.
amave muxlis me-7 punqtiT, socialuri muSaki arasrulwlovnis individualur Sefasebas,
Sefasebis safuZvelze daskvnasa da xelSekrulebis sarekomendacio pirobebs saqmiswar-
moebaSi miRebidan 10 samuSao dRis vadaSi awvdis prokurors. ver daveTanxmebi aRniSnul
normas. praqtikaSi rTulia aseTi mcire xnis ganmavlobaSi socialurma muSakma jerovnad
moiZios da daamuSaos yvelas is informacia, rac individualuri Sefasebis angariSSi
unda iyos asaxuli. drois simciris gamo, SesaZlebelia, ver moxerxdes xsenebuli doku-
mentebis saTanadod momzadeba, rac ewinaaRmdegeba arasrulwlovnis saukeTeso inter-
esebs. mizanSewonilia, meti dro ganesazRvros uflebamosil pirs aRniSnuli angariSis
Sesadgenad. misasalmebelia is, rom am faqtis Tavidan asacileblad kanoni iTvaliswinebs,
normas, romlis mixedviTac obieqturi mizezis arsebobisas, 10-dRiani vada SesaZlebelia

79
sisxlis samarTlis aqtualuri sakiTxebi #1

gagrZeldes prokuroris gadawyvetilebiT xelis SemSleli garemoebis aRmofxvramde,

Tumca, mizanSewonili iqneboda, Tavidanve am normaSi ganisazRvros angariSis momzadebis
mxolod minimumi dro. aseve, amave punqtiT gawerilia socialuri muSakisa da arasrul-
wlovnis Sexvedrebis raodenoba, kerZod, 10-dRiani periodi moicavs arasrulwlovansa
da mis ojaxTan aranaklebad erT da ara umetes 3 Sexvedras, rac ar aris marTebuli. am
SemTxvevaSic samarTalSemoqmedma mxolod minimaluri Sexvedrebis raodenobaze unda
gaakeTos miniSneba da maqsimaluri Sexvedrebis raodenobis gansazRvra socialur muSaks
unda miandos saqmis sirTulidan da saWiroebidan gamomdinare.
brZanebis #2 danarTi exeba individualuri Sefasebis angariSs sasjelis daniSvni-
sas. sasjelis daniSvnisas kanonTan konfliqtSi myofi arasrulwlovnis individualuri
Sefasebis angariSis Sedgena miznad isaxavs arasrulwlovnis socialuri garemos, misi
unarebisa da individualuri saWiroebebis Seswavlas, rac xels uwyobs mosamarTles
arasrulwlovnis saukeTeso interesebze dafuZnebuli obieqturi sasjelis Sefardeba-
Si. angariSis momzadebas uzrunvelyofs saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebisa da probaciis
saministros ssip arasapatimro sasjelTa aRsrulebisa da probaciis erovnuli saagento
misi struqturuli erTeulis _ sareabilitacio programebis sammarTvelos socialuri
muSakis meSveobiT, mosamarTlis werilobiTi mimarTvis, xolo saproceso SeTanxmebis
SemTxvevaSi _ prokuroris werilobiTi mimarTvis safuZvelze. mimarTvis gagzavna SesaZ-
lebelia, aseve, eleqtronuli formiT. aRniSnuli angariSis Sesaxeb ufro dawvrilebiT
visaubreb Semdeg TavSi.
brZanebis #3 danarTi exeba individualuri Sefasebis angariSs sapatimro sasjelis
individualuri dagegmvisas, romelic gansazRvravs arasrulwlovan msjavrdebulebTan
muSaobis process sasjelis moxdis periodSi, romlis mizania ganmeorebiT danaSaulis
CadenasTan dakavSirebuli individualuri riskisa da saWiroebis Sefaseba, arasrul-
wlovnis saukeTeso interesebidan gamomdinare arasrulwlovnis ganviTarebis Sesabamisi
garemos Seqmna da Sesabamis sareabilitacio programebSi CarTva, momavalSi danaSaulis
Cadenis albaTobis Sesamcireblad sasjelis moxdis individualuri gegmis Sedgena da
misi ganxorcieleba. sasjelis moxdis individualuri dagegmvis mizniT, dawesebulebis
direqtoris brZanebiT dawesebulebaSi iqmneba multidisciplinuri jgufi. aRsaniSnavia,
rom am jgufs xelmZRvanelobs socialuri muSaki e.w. koordinatori, romelic msjavr-
debulTan erTad ayalibebs individualur gegmas. koordinatori TanamSromlobs ssip _
arasapatimro sasjelTa aRsrulebisa da probaciis erovnul saagentosTan, saqarTvelos
ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministrosTan, ssip socialuri momsaxurebis saagentosTan
da ssip danaSaulis prevenciis centrTan. aseve, saWiroebidan gamomdinare, sxva samTav-
robo da arasamTavrobo organizaciebTan. individualuri gegmis ganxorcielebis vadaa
ara umetes 12 Tve. masSi miTiTebuli aqtivobebi unda efuZnebodes arasrulwlovnis
saukeTeso interesebsa da gamovlenil saWiroebebs. aqtivobebis SerCevisas prioriteti
unda mieniWos im aqtivobas, romelic mimarTulia danaSaulis ganmeorebiT Cadenis risk-
is albaTobis Semcirebisa da individisTvis jansaRi garemos Seqmnisaken. am angariSis
Sedgenisas yuradReba gamaxvilebulia msjavrdebulis Tanxmobaze. individualur gegmas
msjavrdebuls acnobs koordinatori da misi Tanxmobis SemTxvevaSi masze xels aweren
msjavrdebuli da koordinatori. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu msjavrdebuli ar eTanxmeba indi-
vidualur gegmas, amis Sesaxeb aRiniSneba oqmSi da ecnobeba direqtors. am muxlidan ar
ikveTeba, ra Sedegebi mosdevs im SemTxvevas, rodesac arasrulwlovani ar eTanxmeba in-
dividualur gegmas.
brZanebis #4 danarTi exeba individualuri Sefasebis angariSs arasapatimro sasje-

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individualuri Sefasebis angariSis mniSvneloba Tamar
arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebaSi maxarobliZe

lis aRsrulebisas. aRniSnuli gegmis Sedgenis mizania saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebisa

da probaciis saministros mmarTvelobis sferoSi moqmedi ssip arasapatimro sasjelTa
aRsrulebisa da probaciis erovnuli saagentos mier arasrulwlovan pirobiT vadam-
de gaTavisuflebul da pirobiT msjavrdebulTa riskis Sefaseba, sasjelis aRsrulebis
individualuri gegmis Sedgena, axali danaSaulis Tavidan acileba da arasrulwlovani
msjavrdebulis resocializacia, misi sazogadoebaSi integracia. arasrulwlovan ms-
javrdebulTa riskis Sefasebisa da sasjelis aRsrulebis individualuri gegmis Sed-
genisas daculi unda iyos Semdegi principebi: pirovnebis pativisa da Rirsebis dacva,
kanonis winaSe Tanasworoba da multidisciplinuri gundis damoukidebloba. angariSis
Sedgenisas ganisazRvreba zianis riskis done, danarTiT gansazRvrulia samive doneze
gansaxorcielebeli procedurebi. sasjelis aRsrulebis individualuri gegma Tanxmdeba
arasrulwlovan msjavrdebulTan da mis kanonier warmomadgenelTan, rac dasturdeba
gegmaze arasrulwlovani msjavrdebulis da kanonieri warmomadgenlis xelmoweriT. im
SemTxvevaSi, Tu arasrulwlovani msjavrdebuli an kanonieri warmomadgeneli uars acxa-
debs gegmis xelmoweraze, dokumentSi keTdeba Sesabamisi Canaweri xelmoweraze uaris
Tqmis mizezis aRniSvniT. gegmis xelmoweraze uari ar aferxebs gegmis aRsrulebas. wina
danarTisgan gansxvavebiT, aq pirdapir aris miTiTebuli, rom msjavrdebulis Tanxmobasa
Tu uars aranairi Sedegi ar moaqvs, maSin gaugebaria am normis arseboba danarTSi.
brZanebis #5 danarTi exeba individualuri Sefasebis angariSs pirobiT vadamde ga-
Tavisuflebis sakiTxis ganxilvisas. am sakiTxis ganxilvisas, individualuri Sefasebis
angariSis momzadeba miznad isaxavs sasjelis moxdis periodSi arasrulwlovnis qcevis
da sareabilitacio procesis mimdinareobis Sesaxeb informaciis Tavmoyras saqarTvelos
sasjelaRsrulebisa da probaciis saministros adgilobrivi sabWos mier gadawyvetilebis
miRebis mizniT. angariSis momzadebas uzrunvelyofs saministros penitenciuri dawe-
sebuleba Sesabamisi struqturuli erTeulebis meSveobiT. angariSis momzadeba xdeba
arasrulwlovanTa saukeTeso interesebis gaTvaliswinebiTa da obieqturobis principze
dayrdnobiT. dawesebulebis administracia valdebulia, arasrulwlovani msjavrdebu-
lis mier sasjelis moxdisagan pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebis sakiTxis momzadebisas,
kanoniT dadgenili vadis faqtobrivad moxdamde 3 TviT adre werilobiT mimarTos ssip
arasapatimro sasjelTa aRsrulebisa da probaciis erovnuli saagentos sareabilitacio
programebis sammarTvelos, dawesebulebis gareT am msjavrdebulis ojaxisa da social-
uri garemos riskebisa da saWiroebebis Sefasebis Taobaze. individualuri Sefasebis
angariSs dawesebulebaSi amzadeben dawesebulebis specialuri aRricxvis, samarTlebrivi
reJimisa da socialuri ganyofilebebi.
garda amisa, mniSvnelovania, individualuri Sefasebis angariSis momzadebisa da gaT-
valiswinebis savaldebuloba daematos sisxlis samarTlis procesis kidev erTi stadiis,
aRkveTis RonisZiebis Secvlis dros, radgan am dros aRniSnuli angariSi iseve mniS-
vnelovania, rogorc sasjelis daniSvnis dros. aRsaniSnavia, rom strasburgis adamianis
uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom konvenciis me-5 muxlis mesame punqtis erTmniSvnelo-
van moTxovnad miiCnia patimrobis Sefardebisas braldebulis individualuri garemoe-
bebis gaTvaliswinebis aucilebloba.3 Sesabamisad, mniSvnelovania aRniSnuli angariSi
3
xaindrava n., boxaSvili b., xidaSeli T., winaswari patimrobis SefardebasTan dakavSirebuli adamianis ufle-
baTa sasamarTlos analizi., 2010, gv. 67; ix. SalikaSvili m., arasrulwlovnis mimarT aRkveTis RonisZiebis
saxiT patimrobis gamoyeneba qarTuli sisxlis samarTlis mixedviT, germanul-qarTuli sisxlis samarTlis
Jurnali, 2016w., gv. 27. http://www.dgstz.de/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%8
3%98%E1%83%A1-%E1%83%A8%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8%E1%83
%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98.pdf

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sisxlis samarTlis aqtualuri sakiTxebi #1

gamoiyenebodes aRkveTis RonisZiebis Secvlis dros, gansakuTrebiT, maSin, roca saqme

patimrobasTan gvaqvs.
garda amisa, arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kodeqsis 27-e muxlis me-5 nawiliT,
prokuroris dadgenilebiT individualuri Sefasebis angariSi SesaZlebelia momzaddes
da gaTvaliswinebul iqnes sxva diskreciuli uflebamosilebis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb gad-
awyvetilebis miRebis stadiazec, Tu sisxlis samarTlis saqmis mimdinareoba da vadebi
amis SesaZleblobas iZleva. sainteresoa, am dros rogor xdeba individualuri Sefasebis
angariSis momzadeba. Tu aseT SemTxvevas iTvaliswinebs kanoni, aucilebelia msgavsad sxva
stadiebisa, arsebobdes am stadiis dros individualuri Sefasebis angariSis momzadebis
meTodologia, wesi da standarti. garda amisa, aRniSnuli Canaweris Sinaarsi unda iyos
braldebis mxarisTvis savaldebulo da kanoni ar unda aZlevdes prokurors diskrecias,
misi survilis Sesabamisad gadawyvitos individualuri Sefasebis angariSis gamoyenebis
sakiTxi. braldebis mxaris diskreciuli uflebamosileba sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis
dawyeba da Sewyvetaa. aRniSnuli gadawyvetilebebis miRebis dros, gansakuTrebiT, sisx-
lissamarTlebrivi devnis Sewyvetis dros, mizanSewonilia, rom prokurorma gamoiyenos
individualuri Sefasebis angariSi. aRniSnuli SemTxvevaSi, rom mniSvnelovania individ-
ualuri Sefasebis angariSis gamoyeneba, amas kanonmdebelic adasturebs imiT, rom muxl-
Si calke nawilad aqvs Camoyalibebuli Semdegi Sinaarsis norma _ kodeqsis 27-e muxlis
me-8 nawiliT, `individualuri Sefasebis angariSi, saWiroebisamebr, gaiTvaliswineba
arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis procesis nebismier stadiaze. sisxlis samarTlis
procesis yovel momdevno stadiaze individualuri Sefasebis angariSis momzadebisas
mxedvelobaSi miiReba wina individualuri Sefasebis angariSSi arsebuli informacia~.
am nawilSi igulisxmeba prokuroris diskreciuli uflebamosilebiT ganxorcielebuli
stadiebic.

2. individualuri Sefasebis angariSi sasjelis daniSvnisas

sasjelis moZRvrebaSi sasjelis Sefardeba erT-erT mniSvnelovan sakiTxs warmoad-

gens. misi sworad Sefardeba pirdapir kavSirSia msjavrdebulis uflebebis dacvasTan.
Sefardebuli sasjelis samarTlianoba damokidebulia rogorc kanonmdebelze, aseve mo-
samarTleze.4 sasjelis individualizaciis procesSi samarTliani sasjelis uzrunvel-
sayofad gadamwyveti mniSvneloba eniWeba sasjelis sworad SerCevis princips, rac samar-
Tlianobis principis cxovrebaSi gatarebis umniSvnelovanesi garantiaa.5 sasjelis saxisa
da zomis sworad SesarCevad ki, mniSvnelovania, sasjelis daniSvnisas individualuri
Sefasebis angariSis gamoyeneba.
saqarTvelos iusticiis, Sinagan saqmeTa da sasjelaRsrulebisa da probaciis min-
istrebis 2016 wlis 15 martis #132/#95/#23 erToblivi brZanebiT, sasjelis daniSvni-
sas angariSis momzadebas uzrunvelyofs saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebisa da probaciis
saministros ssip arasapatimro sasjelTa aRsrulebisa da probaciis erovnuli saagento
misi struqturuli erTeulis _ sareabilitacio programebis sammarTvelos socialuri
muSakis meSveobiT, mosamarTlis werilobiTi mimarTvis safuZvelze. angariSis momzadeba

4
cqitiSvili T., `sasjelis Sefardebis sakiTxisTvis“, guram naWyebia - 75 saiubileo krebuli, Tb., 2016,
gv. 122.
5
lekveiSvili m., `sasjelis miznebi da sasjelis Sefardebis sisxlissamarTlebrivi da kriminologiuri as-
peqtebi“, J. `marTlmsajuleba da kanoni“, #4(43), Tb., 2011, gv. 22.

82
individualuri Sefasebis angariSis mniSvneloba Tamar
arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebaSi maxarobliZe

xorcieldeba arasrulwlovanTan, misi ojaxis wevrebTan da masTan dakavSirebuli so-

cialuri garemos sxva warmomadgenlebTan. arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kodeq-
sis 75-e muxlis pirveli nawiliT arasrulwlovnisTvis sasjelis daniSvnisas mosamarTle,
pirvel rigSi, iTvaliswinebs mis saukeTeso interesebs da individualuri Sefasebis anga-
riSs. arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kodeqsis daskvniTi debulebis, 102-e muxlis
me-4 nawilis mixedviT, kodeqsis 27-e muxlis me-4 punqtis `b~ qvepunqti, romelic exeba
individualuri Sefasebis angariSis momzadebisa da misi gaTvaliswinebis valdebulebas
sasjelis daniSvnisas, amoqmedda 2016 wlis 1 martidan, maSin, rodesac kodeqsi amoqmed-
da 2016 wlis 1 ianvridan, xolo sasjelis erT-erTi saxe, Sinapatimroba, ufro adre,
2015 wlis 1 seqtembridan. ra edo safuZvlad aRniSnul normas, ratom ar aZlevda kanoni
mosamarTles uflebamosilebas 2016 wlis 1 martamde gamoiyenebina individualuri Se-
fasebis angariSi sasjelis daniSvnisas, gaugebaria. sisxlis samarTlis literaturaSi
gamoTqmuli marTebuli Sexedulebis Tanaxmad, sanqciis arCeva da gansazRvra samarTle-
brivad SeboWili gadawyvetilebaa.6 `imis mixedviT, Tu ramdenad iZleva amis SesaZleblo-
bas erovnuli samarTlebrivi sistema, probaciis organoebs SeuZliaT moamzadon angari-
Si calkeuli braldebuli piris Sesaxeb, raTa, saWiroebisamebr, daexmaron sasamarTlo
xelisuflebis organoebis gadawyvetilebis miRebaSi sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis war-
moebis an Sesabamisi sasjelis an sxva RonisZiebis Sefardebis Taobaze...~ 7 aqamde arsebul
sasamarTlo praqtikaSi pirovnebis daxasiaTeba xSirad amoiwureboda misi samsaxuridan,
mezoblebidan miRebuli mokle daxasiaTebiT, rac xSir SemTxvevaSi formalur xasiaTs
atarebda.8 amJamad arsebuli kanonmdebloba arasrulwlovnebisTvis iZleva imis saSuale-
bas, rom momzaddes individualuri Sefasebis angariSi, rac sasamarTlos daexmareba
swori sasjelis gansazRvraSi, amitom igi aucileblad unda gamoiyenebodes. mosamar-
Tlem unda icodes arasrulwlovnis Sesaxeb yvela is informacia, rac individualuri
Sefasebis angariSSia asaxuli, kerZod, misi ganviTarebis done, cxovrebisa da aRzrdis
pirobebi, ganaTleba, janmrTelobis mdgomareoba, ojaxuri viTareba da sxva garemoebebi,
romlebic misi xasiaTisa da qcevis Taviseburebebis Sefasebis da saWiroebebis gansaz-
Rvris SesaZleblobas iZleva. am informaciis gareSe yovlad warmoudgenelia arasrul-
wlovnisTvis swori sasjelis Sefardeba, maT Soris, sasjelis axali saxis _ Sinapatim-
robis Sefardeba. aRsaniSnavia, rom Sinapatimrobis aRsrulebis meqanizmi eleqtronuli
monitoringia, romlis dawesebisas gasaTvaliswinebelia misi gavlena im ojaxebisa da me-
same mxaris uflebebsa Tu interesebze, visTanac dakavSirebulia damnaSave.9 e.w. `pekinis
wesebis~ mixedviT, yvela SemTxvevaSi, naklebad mZime samarTaldarRvevis gamoklebiT,
ganaCenis gamotanamde unda momzaddes socialuri mokvlevis angariSi,10 radgan ganaCenis
dadgenisas aucileblad iqnes gamoyenebuli. mosamarTle rac SeiZleba zedmiwevniT unda
erkveodes arasrulwlovanTan dakavSirebiT yvela aRniSnul sakiTxSi, raTa efeqturi

6
Jescheck H.-H., Weigend Th., Lehrbuch des Strafrechts Allgemeiner Teil, 5. Aufl., Berlin, S. 871; ix. cqitiSvili T., `sasjelis
Sefardebis sakiTxisTvis“, guram naWyebia - 75 saiubileo krebuli, Tb., 2016, gv. 123.
7
evropis sabWos ministrTa komitetis rekomendacia CM/Rec(2010)1 wevri saxelmwifoebisadmi evrosabWos
probaciis wesebis Sesaxeb (miRebulia ministrTa komitetis mier 2010 wlis 20 ianvars ministrTa moadgile-
ebis 1075-e sxdomaze), punqti 42.
8
lekveiSvili m., `sasjelis individualizacia, rogorc sasjelis Sefardebis mniSvnelovani principi“, sisx-
lis samarTlis kanonmdeblobis liberalizaciis tendenciebi saqarTveloSi, Tb., 2016, gv. 196.
9
evropis sabWos ministrTa komitetis rekomendacia No. R(2014)4 wevri saxelmwifoebis mimarT eleqtronuli
monitoringis Sesaxeb (miRebulia ministrTa komitetis mier 2014 wlis 19 Tebervals, ministrTa moadgi-
leebis 1192-e Sexvedraze), punqti 6.
10
gaeros minimaluri standartuli wesebi arasrulwlovanTa mimarT marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebis Ses-
axeb (pekinis wesebi), 1985, wesi 16.

83
sisxlis samarTlis aqtualuri sakiTxebi #1

sasjeli Seufardos. mosamarTlem xom unda icodes ra pirobebSi cxovrobs arasrulw-

lovani? iqneb iseT mSoblebTan izrdeba, iseT skolaSi swavlobs, rom is garemo, piriqiT,
uaresia misTvis? arasrulwlovanTa resocializaciisTvis mniSvnelovania maT iqonion
xSiri kontaqti ojaxTan da axloblebTan, maT Soris, TanatolebTan, magram amis aucile-
beli winapiroba is aris, rom isini negatiur gavlenas ar axdenen masze. ojaxur mdgo-
mareobas xSirad mWidro kavSiri aqvs danaSaulTan. arsebobs mTeli rigi risk-faqtorebi,
romelTa arsebobis SemTxvevaSic arasrulwlovanma SesaZloa Caidinos danaSauli. eseni
SeiZleba iyos: individualuri risk-faqtorebi, ojaxuri risk-faqtorebi da a.S., rac
gulisxmobs dabal inteleqtsa da miRwevebs, impulsurobas, damnaSave da antisazogadoe-
briv, uyuradRebo da moZalade mSoblebsa da sxv.11 kanonTan konfliqtSi myofi uamravi
bavSvi socialur-ekonomikuri siduxWiris msxverplia, ris gamoc maT ar aqvT ganaTlebis,
janmrTelobis, TavSesafris, zrunvisa da dacvis uflebis ganxorcielebis SesaZlebloba.
zogi arasrulwlovani saxlidan garbis, vinaidan quCaSi cxovreba urCevnia ojaxSi Zal-
adobis pirobebSi cxovrebas. zogs aiZuleben quCaSi gasvlas da iq cxovrebas gadarCenis
imediT12 da a.S. swored aseTi arasrulwlovnebi xdebian damnaSaveebi. es aris dRevandeli
msoflios realoba, amitom es sakiTxi metad yuradsaRebia.
arasrulwlovan samarTaldamrRvevTa mimarT gamoyenebuli sasjelebi da zomebi yov-
elTvis individualizebuli da konstruqciuli unda iyos da gaTvaliswinebul unda iqnes
Tanazomierebis principi, bavSvis asaki, misi fizikuri da fsiqikuri mdgomareoba, ganvi-
Tarebis done da saqmis konkretuli garemoebebi. garantirebuli unda iyos ganaTlebis,
dasaqmebis, reabilitaciisa da reintegraciis uflebebi.13 savsebiT samarTliania sasje-
lis mimarT im mecnierTa midgoma, romlebic sasjelSi gulisxmoben damnaSaveobis kon-
trolirebis optimaluri donis miRwevas. sasjelma unda Seakavos zianis momtani qmedeba
imaze meti zianis gamowvevis gareSe, ris prevenciasac is Tavad axdens.14 sasjelis saxisa
da zomis SerCeva bevrad aris damokidebuli imaze, Tu visi misamarTiT xorcieldeba igi.
sasjelis individualizaciis arss warmoadgens sasjelis pirovnebaze zusti morgeba,
rogorc misi momavlis safuZveli, misi resocializaciisa da reabilitaciis miRwevis Ses-
aZleblobis aRiareba. sasjelis individualizaciis principis ganxorcieleba sasjelis
SerCevisas damnaSave piris yovelmxriv Seswavlas efuZneba. sasjelis individualizaciis
gansasazRvrad sasamarTlo unda flobdes pirovnebis uamrav maxasiaTeblebs, rogorc
dadebiTs, ise uaryofiTs. mosamarTleTaTvis sasjelis individualizaciis principis ga-
moyeneba ara marto rekomendacia, aramed misi valdebulebaa, risganac mas Tavis arideba
ar SeuZlia. sasamarTlom damnaSave ar unda ganixilos, rogorc abstraqtuli danaSau-
lis subieqti, romelic yvela formaluri pirobebis gaTvaliswinebiT pasuxs agebs sis-
xlis samarTlis wesiT, aramed cocxali adamiani Tavisi individualuri niSnebiT.15
arasrulwlovnebze yvelaze did zemoqmedebas axdens mikrogaremo, anu ojaxi, mego-
brebi, nacnobebi. maTi zemoqmedebiT yalibdebian dadebiT an uaryofiT pirovnebebad.
Tu mikrogaremo moicavs dadebiTi xasiaTis matarebel adamianebs, maSin maTi zemoqmede-
11
Mague M., Morgan R. and Reiner R., The Oxford Handbook of Criminology, NY, 2007, P. 608-613.
12
SahoviCi n. v., doeki i.e., cermateni J., bavSvis uflebebi saerTaSoriso samarTalSi, bavSvis uflebebi mok-
led da konteqstSi: yvelaferi bavSvTa uflebebis Sesaxeb, 2015, gv. 349.
13
evropis sabWos ministrTa komitetis saxelmZRvanelo direqtivebi bavSvze orientirebuli marTlmsa-
julebis Taobaze (miRebulia ministrTa komitetis mier 2010 wlis 17 noembers, ministrTa moadgileebis
1098-e Sexvedraze), punqti 82.
14
lekveiSvili m., `sasjelis miznebi da sasjelis Sefardebis sisxlissamarTlebrivi da kriminologiuri as-
peqtebi“, J. `marTlmsajuleba da kanoni“, #4(43), q. Tbilisi, 2011, gv. 21.
15
lekveiSvili m., `sasjelis individualizacia, rogorc sasjelis Sefardebis mniSvnelovani principi“, sisx-
lis samarTlis kanonmdeblobis liberalizaciis tendenciebi saqarTveloSi, q. Tbilisi, 2016, gv. 196-230.

84
individualuri Sefasebis angariSis mniSvneloba Tamar
arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebaSi maxarobliZe

ba arasrulwlovnebze dadebiT asaxvas poulobs da maTi formirebac sasurveli mimar-

TulebiT midis da piriqiT, Tu mikrogaremo kriminogenuria, maSin arasrulwlovanTa
formireba kriminaluri xaziT poulobs ganviTarebas. arasrulwlovnis pirovnebis Cam-
oyalibebaSi wamyvani roli ekuTvnis ojaxs, vinaidan misi gavlena xangrZlivia da xor-
cieldeba adreuli bavSvobidan, amdenad, qcevis stereotipebi, urTierTobis normebi,
ojaxur garemoSi miRebuli faseulobaTa sistema da a.S. Zalian myarad aiTviseba. bevr
ojaxSi skandali, Svilebisadmi gulgrili damokidebuleba, loToba, aRmzrdelobiTi
funqciebis Seusrulebloba da sxv., ra Tqma unda, kriminogenur mniSvnelobas iZens da
sazianoa arasrulwlovnisTvis.16 cnobilia, rom movlenaTa Soris mizezobrivi kavSiris
arsis Secnobas safuZvlad udevs materialisturi gageba, romlis Tanaxmad, mizezobrio-
ba aris obieqturi kavSiri or movlenas Soris, romelTagan erTi (mizezi), garkveuli
pirobebis SemTxvevaSi, warmoSobs meores (Sedegs).17 Sesabamisad, arasrulwlovnis mier
Cadenili qmedebebi pirdapir kavSirSia mis ojaxur cxovrebasTan. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu
arasrulwlovans ojaxSi aqvs araxelsayreli pirobebi igi unda aumxedrdes an Seegu-
os arsebul situacias. Tu arasrulwlovani irCevs amboxebas, igi ZiriTad SemTxvevaSi
tovebs sakuTar ojaxs, arCevs xetials da arRvevs samarTals.18
dRevandel msoflioSi Zalian gavrcelebulia `Battered child syndrome~ (Seryeuli bavS-
vis sindromi), romlis mixedviTac bavSvTa Zaladoba ar aisaxeba marto sisxlCaqcevebsa
da sxva fizikur dazianebebze, aramed bavSvis pirovnebasa da cxovrebaze. es aris erTg-
vari gamoZaxili imisa, rom bavSvi Camoyalibdes kriminalad. Zaladoba Sobs Zaladobas.19
sasamarTlo dainteresebuli unda iyos imiT, rom misi SesaZleblobebis farglebSi aras-
rulwlovan damnaSaves jansaR garemoSi yofnas Seuwyos xeli. kanonTan konfliqtSi myofi
piri ar unda dabrundes im garemoSi, romlis gamoc Caidina danaSauli. arasrulwlovani
ar unda daSordes Tavis mSoblebs misi survilis sawinaaRmdegod, xolo im SemTxvevaSi,
rodesac amgvari daSoreba emsaxureba mis saukeTeso interesebs, sasamarTlom aucileb-
lad unda miiRos amgvari gadawyvetileba.20 swored aq ikveTeba individualuri Sefasebis
angariSis gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba sasjelis daniSvnisas. aRniSnuli angariSis ga-
reSe daniSnuli sasjeli qmnis imis safrTxes, rom sasjelma ver Seasrulos Tavisi mizne-
bi. Tavisuflebis aRkveTis, rogorc ukiduresi zomis, minimaluri Carevisa da individ-
ualizaciis principebi unda iyos gamoyenebuli sasjelis daniSvnis dros. aucilebelia
sasamarTlos mier arasrulwlovnis mimarT sasjelis gansazRvrisas arasrulwlovnis
srulfasovani Sefasebisa da Sesabamisi rekomendaciebis gamoyenebis uzrunvelyofa.21
sasjelis Sefardebisas metad mniSvnelovania is, Tu ra sistemiT xdeba sasjelis Sefar-
deba da ra kriteriumebi miiReba mxedvelobaSi sasjelis Sefardebis dros, agreTve, ra
etapebs moicavs sanqciis Sefardeba.22 arasworad gamoyenebulma sasjelis saxem SeiZleba
Zalian cud Sedegebamde migviyvanos. sasjelis Sefardebisas kanonTan konfliqtSi myofi
arasrulwlovnis individualuri Sefasebis angariSis gamoyeneba iseTi specialuri wesia,
romliTac mosamarTlem aucileblad unda ixelmZRvanelos arasrulwlovnis sasjelis
16
wulaia z., kriminologia (zogadi da kerZo nawili), Tb., 2005, gv. 295-296.
17
gabunia m., Sesavali kriminologiaSi, Tb., 2011, gv. 41.
18
nacvliSvili S., moswavleTa samarTaldarRvevebis mizezebi da maTi profilaqtika, Tb., 1988, gv. 7.
19
McGILLIVRAY A., `Governing Childhood“, Dartmouth, USA, 1997, P. 18-19.
20
bavSvis uflebebis Sesaxeb konvencia, 1989, muxli 9(1).
21
gaeros minimaluri standartuli wesebi arasrulwlovanTa mimarT marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebis Ses-
axeb (pekinis wesebi), 1985, wesi 17, 19; TavisuflebaaRkveTil arasrulwlovanTa dacvis Sesaxeb gaeros
wesebi, 1990, wesi 27-30.
22
cqitiSvili T., `sasjelis Sefardebis sakiTxisTvis“, ix. guram naWyebia - 75 saiubileo krebuli, q. Tbili-
si, 2016, gv. 122.

85
sisxlis samarTlis aqtualuri sakiTxebi #1

daniSvnisas. yovelive zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, dauSvebelia aRniSnuli angari-

Sis gareSe sasjelis Sefardeba da gaugebaria, ratom ar iyo aRniSnuli dadgenili 2016
wlis 1 martamde. sabednierod, am araswor daTqmas mZime Sedegebamde didi albaTobiT
ar movuyvanivarT, radgan 2016 wlis 1 martamde Sinapatimrobis gamoyenebis praqtika
sul ramdenime ganaCens iTvlis, Tumca, norma calsaxad arasworia, radgan kanonmdebelma
cudi Sedegis dadgomis safrTxe Seqmna.
garda amisa, sasjelis daniSvnis etapze individualuri Sefasebis angariSis brZanebis
#2 danarTis me-3 muxlis pirveli punqtiT, socialuri muSaki amzadebs mosamarTlis/
prokuroris mier mimarTvaSi miTiTebul vadaSi. am SemTxvevaSi, gaugebaria, ratom aris
vada damokidebuli mosamarTle/prokurorze, roca angariSs amzadebs socialuri muSaki
da man ukeT icis ra sirTulisaa da ra vadaSi SeZlebs mis momzadebas. am SemTxvevaSic,
sasurvelia, minimaluri vada gaiweros am danarTiT, maqsimaluri ki socialurma muSakma
gansazRvros, raTa angariSi safuZvlianad da jerovnad moamzados.

daskvna

individualuri Sefasebis angariSi miznad isaxavs arasrulwlovnis socialuri gare-

mos, misi unarebis, individualuri saWiroebebisa da sxva garemoebebis Seswavlas, rac
xels uwyobs arasrulwlovnis saukeTeso interesebze, romelic aseTi mniSvnelovania
iuvenalur iusticiaSi, dafuZnebuli gadawyvetilebis miRebas. individualuri Sefasebis
angariSSi aisaxeba arasrulwlovnis gansakuTrebuli saWiroebebi, danaSaulis/samarTal-
darRvevis Cadenis riski, Sesabamisad, misi ganviTarebisa da sazogadoebaSi integraciis
xelSewyobisaTvis rekomendebuli RonisZiebebi. Sefasebis procesSi Sesabamisi organo
Seiswavlis arasrulwlovnis ganviTarebis dones, cxovrebis, aRzrdisa da ganviTarebis
pirobebs, ganaTlebas, janmrTelobis mdgomareobas, ojaxur viTarebas da sxva garemoe-
bebs, rac arasrulwlovnis xasiaTisa da qcevis Taviseburebebis Sefasebisa da misi saWi-
roebebis gansazRvris SesaZleblobas iZleva. konkretuli saqmisadmi individualuri
midgoma _ es is principia, romelsac Tamamad SeiZleba vuwodoT revoluciuri. sisxlis
samarTlis politikis reformis farglebSi prioritetulia sasjelis daniSvnisas sa-
samarTlos rolis gazrda da sasjelis individualizaciis maRali xarisxis miRweva, amis
misaRwevad ki aucilebelia individualuri Sefasebis angariSi.
sapatimro sasjelis dagegmvisas individualuri Sefasebis angariSis gamoyenebiT
sistema srulad gadadis msjavrdebulTa qcevaze dafuZnebuli riskebis Sefasebisa da
maTi klasifikaciis mixedviT sasjelaRsrulebis sxvadasxva riskis dawesebulebebSi
gadanawilebis praqtikaze. aRniSnuli saSualebas iZleva, rom sul ufro didi aqcenti
gavakeToT resocializacia-reabilitaciasa da danaSaulis recidivis prevenciaze, rac
sruliad Secvlis aqamde arsebul, postsabWoTa sivrcisaTvis damaxasiaTebel midgomebs,
romlis mixedviTac Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebuleba mxolod sasjelis moxdis adg-
ilad aRiqmeba. aseve, mizanSewonilia, erToblivi brZanebiT ganisazRvros ra Sedegebi
mohyveba individualuri Sefasebis angariSis momzadebis dros msjavrdebulis uars.
garda amisa, CamoTvlil stadiebs mizanSewonilia daematos aRniSnuli angariSis ga-
moyenebis valdebuleba aRkveTis RonisZiebis Secvlis dros, radgan sisxlis samarTlis
procesis es stadia aranakleb mniSnelovania. gansakuTrebiT im SemTxvevaSi, roca patim-
robas exeba saqme. arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kodeqsis mixedviT patimroba
gamoiyeneba, rogorc ukiduresi RonisZieba.

86
individualuri Sefasebis angariSis mniSvneloba Tamar
arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebaSi maxarobliZe

individualuri Sefasebis angariSi individualuri midgomis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani

gamoxatulebaa, amitom aucilebelia kanonmdebelma Tavisi wili pasuxismgebloba aiRos
aRniSnuli angariSis sakanonmdeblo srulyofisTvis, raTa amiT xeli Seuwyos am insti-
tutis praqtikaSi aqtiur da jerovan gamoyenebas arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebaSi.

87
 iuvenaluri iusticiis organizaciul-samarTlebrivi modelebi
da qarTuli arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis
zogierTi problematuri sakiTxi am modelTa WrilSi

maka gorgoZe
quTaisis saapelacio sasamarTlos
sisxlis samarTlis palatis mosamarTle,
iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelwmifo
universitetis doqtoranti

„aRdgeniTi marTlmsajuleba kompasia, ruka ar aris~.

hovard zehri

Sesavali

aRdgeniTi marTlmsajulebis praqtika tradiciul sazogadoebebSi saukuneebis gan-

mavlobaSi gvxvdeba.1 am midgomis farglebSi SesaZlebelia sxvadasxva programis gamoyene-
ba. yvelaze gavrcelebulia msxverplisa da damnaSavis Serigeba, sazogadoebisa da ojaxis
jgufis konferencia, samSvidobo wreebi da miyenebuli zianis anazRaureba an aRdgena.
aRdgeniTi marTlmsajulebis programebi bavSvebisagan, romelTa mimarT gamoyenebulia
ganrideba, moiTxovs danaSaulis Cadenis gamo sakuTari pasuxismgeblobis aRiarebas da
msxverplisaTvis, dazaralebulisaTvis danaSaulis Sedegis gaazrebas; danaSaulTan da-
kavSirebiT emociis (Tundac sinanulis) gamoxatvas; msxverplisaTvis, dazaralebulisaT-
vis an sakuTari TavisTvis Tu ojaxisTvis miyenebuli zianis gamosasworeblad daxmare-
biT sargeblobas; zaralis kompensirebas an miyenebuli zianis aRdgenas, anazRaurebas;
msxverplisaTvis, dazaralebulisaTvis bodiSis moxdas; Tu SesaZlebelia, msxverplTan
da dazaralebulTan danaSaulis Cadenamde arsebuli urTierTobis aRdgenas; programis
dasrulebis miRwevas.2
miuxedavad imisa, rom aRdgeniTi midgomebi gansakuTrebiT sasargebloa sasamarT-
lomde ganridebis konteqstSi, maTi gamoyeneba SeiZleba mas Semdegac, rac bavSvs dam-
naSaved cnoben, magaliTad, sasjelis ama Tu im tipis SerCevisTvis. aseT SemTxvevaSi
ki umniSvnelovanesia iseTi sasjelis saxis SerCeva, romelic gansakuTrebiT efeqturi
iqneba iuvenaluri marTlmsajulebis miznebisaTvis. saqarTveloSi ganxorcielebuli re-
formis Sedegad miRebuli „arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kodeqsi~ uciloblad
win gadadgmuli nabijia iuvenaluri iusticiis mimarTulebiT. Tumca gasaTvaliswinebe-
1
uaitkampi, e.g.m. (Weitekamp, E.G.M.) `aRdgeniTi marTlmsajulebis istoria~, jonstouni g.a. (Johnstone G. A.),
`aRdgeniTi marTlmsajulebis krebuli: teqstebi, wyaroebi, konteqsti~, 2003w., gv. 111.
2
ekonomikuri da socialuri sabWo, rezolucia 2002/12: sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebze aRdgeniTi marTlmsa-
julebis programebis gamoyenebis ZiriTadi principebi, 24 ivlisi, 2002, 2002/12, punqti 2.2.

88
iuvenaluri iusticiis organizaciul-samarTlebriv modelebi da qarTuli arasrulwlovanTa maka
marTlmsajulebis zogierTi problematuri sakiTxi am modelTa WrilSi gorgoZe

lia moxdes kanonis normebisa da danawesebis zusti misadageba arasrulwlovanTa saqme-

ebis warmoebisas ama Tu im garemoebebze.
patimroba SeZlebisdagvarad unda iqnes Tavidan acilebuli da ganxilul unda
iqnes sxva iseTi alternatiuli zomebis gamoyenebis SesaZlebloba, rogoricaa mudmi-
vi zedamxedveloba, aqtiuri aRmzrdelobiTi samuSaoebi anda ojaxSi Tu aRmzrdlo-
biT/saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebaSi an sacxovrebelSi moTavseba.3 aseT alternatiul
RonisZiebaTa Soris mniSvnelovan adgils ikavebs sasjelis iseTi saxe, rogoric Sinapatim-
robaa. winamdebare naSromSi misi gamoyenebisa da efeqturobis TvalsazrisiT garkveuli
problemaa wamoWrili da misi gadaWris gzaa SemoTavazebuli.

I. iuvenaluri iusticiis arsi da mniSvneloba

istoriuli winamZRvrebis gaTvaliswinebiT

termini `aRdgeniTi iuvenaluri iusticia~ damkvidrda g. beizmoris mier, romlis

naSromSic mocemulia proeqti iuvenaluri iusticiis Sesaxeb saxelwodebiT „axali Tao-
ba~, sadac yuradReba gamaxvilebulia klasikuri modelis arasakmarisobis Sesaxeb, aseve
am arasakmarisobaze arsebul saSiS reaqciaze, romelic damsjelobiT paradigmaze dab-
runebas gulisxmobs.4
axali paradigma ki formirebulia im saSualebis bazaze, romelic aRdgeniT iuvenal-
ur iusticias iTvaliswinebs da SesaZleblobas qmnis samuSao warimarTos ara mxolod
kanondamrRvevTan, aramed rTuli cxovrebiseuli situacebis mqone bavSvebis farTo
wresTan. „iuvenaluri iusticia~ sakuTari gansakuTrebuli SinaarsiT xasiaTdeba. rac
Seexeba iuvenaluri iusticiis konkretul organizaciul-samarTlebriv modelebs, msof-
lioSi sakmarisi nairsaxeoba arsebobs.5 Tumca, Tuki moxdeba gamocalkeveba specifikuri
Sinaarsis mixedviT, SesaZlebelia daskvnis gakeTeba imis Sesaxeb, rom iuvenaluri iusti-
cia, es aRmzrdelobiTi iusticiaa.
iuvenaluri iusticiis klasikuri modeli XIX saukunis bolosa da XX saukunis dasawy-
isSi Camoyalibda, arasrulwlovanTa mier Cadenil samarTaldarRvevebze damsjelobiTi
xasiaTis reagirebis sapirispirod. istoriuli TvalsazrisiT am mimarTulebis gaTval-
iswinebiT, SesaZlebelia kanonmdeblobis ganviTareba Semdeg saxeebad daiyos: 1) sisx-
lissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba srulwlovnebisagan gansxvavebulad; 2) asakobrivi
Seuracxadoba (rac bavSvis pasuxismgeblobis asakobriv zRvars gulisxmobs); 3)pirobiTi
Seracxadoba; 4) sasjelis Semsubuqeba; 5) gamosworeba keTilmyofel garemoSi (maT Soris
specializebul dawesebulebebSi moTavseba); 6) gamosworeba sasjelis magier; 7) arasrul-
wlovanTa danaSaulis gamomwvevi mizezebis aRmofxvra da profilaqtika.
rogorc istoriuli kvlevebi adasturebs, jer kidev romis samarTalSi arsebobda
swavleba arasrulwlovanTa pasuxismgeblobis Sesaxeb. Tumca mogvianebiT, inkviziciur
marTlmsajulebaSi arasrulwlovanTa mdgomareoba srulwlovanTa mdgomareobas gau-
Tanabrda da bavSvebis mimarT gamoiyeneboda rogorc wameba, aseve ufrosebisaTvis gan-
kuTvnili sxva sasjelebic, maT Soris sikvdiliT dasjac ki.6 arasrulwlovnebis pasux-

3
pekinis wesebis 13.1 da 13.2 muxlebi.
4
Бэйзмор Г. Три парадигмы ювенальной юстиции // Правосудие по делам несовершеннолетних: Перспективы развития.
Вып.1. М.: МОО Центр `Судебно-правовая реформа~, 1999. С.67–99
5
Мельникова Э.Б. Ювенальная юстиция: Проблемы уголовного права, уголовного процесса и криминологии: Учебное
пособие. М.: Дело, 2000
6
Чарыхов Х.М. Отношение действующего уголовно-процессуального законодательства к малолетним и несовершеннолетним.
С.23–24;. М.Н.Гернета. М. М.: Книгоиздательство `В.И.Знаменский и К°~, 1912.

89
sisxlis samarTlis aqtualuri sakiTxebi #1

ismgeblobis Semsubuqeba da arasrulwlovanTa aRzrda-gamosworebisaTvis specialuri

dawesebulebebis Seqmnis periodi miiCneva iuvenaluri marTlmsajulebis winaistoriul
etapad.
sisxlissamarTlebriv warmoebaSi iuvenaluri marTlmsajulebis mimarT interesi XIX
saukuneSi axali ZaliT warmoiSva da Semdeg periodSi kidev ufro farTo ganviTareba
pova. XX saukune industrializaciisa da „boboqari kapitalizmis~ ganviTarebis epoqad
miiCneva. swored am swrafi da ukontrolo ganviTarebis pirobebSi arasrulwlovnebis
didi nawili arasaxarbielo garemoSi aRmoCnda. zogierTma maTganma „quCas~ Seafara Tavi.
aman arasrulwlovanTa mxridan Cadenili kanonsawinaaRmdego qmdebebis ricxvi erTiorad
gazarda. bavSvTa Sromis gamoyeneba, uqonloba, SimSili, saSineli sacxovrebeli pirobe-
bi, alkoholizmi, mawanwaloba, maTxovroba prostitucia _ safuZveli gaxda imisa, rom
sazogadoebas bavSvTa problemebis mimarT gansakuTrebuli yuradReba gamoeCina. am pe-
riodisaTvis danaSaulebrivi qmedebis codviT axsnili postulatebi sociologiuri kon-
cefciebiT icvleba. aman ki dasabami daudo imas, rom danaSaulze reagirebis fokusi
profilaqtikis mimarTulebiT gasworda.
sxvadasxva sazogadoebrivi organizaciis warmoSobisa da ganiTarebis Semdeg, muSa-
vdeba specialuri programebi daucveli bavSvebisaTvis, ixsneba TavSesafrebi, skolebi,
saavadmyofoebi, aRmzrdelobiTi dawesebulebebi, sadac arasrulwlovnebisaTvis Sesa-
bamisi pirobebia Seqmnili. aseTi sazogadoebrivi gaerTianebebi iuvenaluri marTlmsa-
julebis ganuyofeli nawili gaxda.
warsulSi bavSvi aRiqmeboda, rogor „Semcirebuli ufrosi adamini~, mxolod XIX
saukuneSi daiwyo saubari bavSvis srulfasovan cxovrebaze, bavSvis pirovnebaze, aRz-
rdis mniSvnelobaze. filosofosebi, mwerlebi, sazogado moRvaweebi, sul ufro far-
Tod gamoTqvamdnen mosazrebebs pedagogiuri koncefciebis Sesaxeb. XIX saukunis meore
naxevridan ukve arsebobs mecnierebis iseTi dargebi, rogoricaa bavSvTa da pedagogiuri
fsiqologia, (berZ. pais {paidos} _ bavSvi da ago _ vuZRvebi, vzrdi, fsiqologia samedici-
no fsiqologiis dargi, romelic Seiswavlis swavlebisa da aRzrdis fsiqologiur prob-
lemebs. xolo mogvianebiT ukve calke dargad gamoiyo pedologia (pais (paidos) da logos
`bavSvi~ da `moZRvreba”) mecniereba aRzrdis Sesaxeb;7 kompleqsuri swavleba bavSvis Ses-
axeb bavSvTa ganviTarebisaTvis gadamwyvetad miiCnevs memkvidreobis gavlenas da raRac
ucvleli socialuri garemos zemoqmedebas.8
danaSaulis CamdenTa mimarT mkacri sasjelis gamoyenebidan yuradReba gadadis am
pirebis gamosworebis ideaze. axalma mosazrebam gansakuTrebuli aqtualoba SeiZina mas
Semdeg, rodesac cxadi gaxda, rom cixis pirobebSi arasrulwlovnebisaTvis sasjelis
moxda kidev ufro ryvnida TavisuflebaaRkveTil bavSvebs da ubiZgebda recidiuli dam-
naSaveobisaken. swored amitom dRis wesrigSi dadga marTlmsajulebaSi aRmzrdelobiTi
rolis gaZlierebis aucilebloba.
iuvenaluri iusticiis warmoSobis safuZveli SeiZleba Candes rogorc Semwynare-
bloba da humanuri midgoma arasrulwlovnebisa da sustebis mimarT, Tumca es midgo-
ma igivea, rac bavSvis `arasrulfasovan ufrosad~ aRqma, roca damsjelobiTi iusticia
xdeba garkveulwilad ufro pasiuri kanonsawinaaRmdego qmedebisaTvis. Tumca iuvenal-
uri iusticia sulac ar aris pasiuri, is araTu ignorirebas axdens, aramed mimarTulia
bavSvis iseT qmedebebze, romelic ufrosebisaTvis ar warmoadgens danaSauls (azartuli
TamaSebi, skolis gacdena, alkoholuri sasmelebis miReba da a.S.).

7
Chrisman, Oscar. Paidology; the science of the child. The historical child. — Boston: R.G. Badger, 1920.
8
Woods Ph., Ashley M., Woods G. 1.5. Findings from the survey and case studies— Bristol: University of the West of England,
2005. - 206 p.

90
iuvenaluri iusticiis organizaciul-samarTlebriv modelebi da qarTuli arasrulwlovanTa maka
marTlmsajulebis zogierTi problematuri sakiTxi am modelTa WrilSi gorgoZe

„Teoretikosebi qadageben da kanonmdeblebi iswrafvian daadginon mWidro ka-

vSiri danaSaulsa da sasjels Soris, Tumca moqmedi damsjelobiTi praqtika ad-
gens sxvagvar kavSirs da Slis axal gzas sasjelidan danaSaulisaken.~9

iuvenaluri iusticiis sawyis wertilad miiCneva arasrulwlovanTa sasamarTlos Se-

qmna CikagoSi 1899 wels ilinoisis Statis kanonis safuZvelze. am faqtis Semdeg sa-
samarTlom Tavis Tavze aiRo manamde misTvis ucxo uflebamosileba, pedagogiuri, aRmz-
rdelobiTi da resocializaciis mimarTulebiT, im bavSvebTan dakavSirebiT, romlebmac
Caidines sisxlis samarTlis kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli qmedeba, aseve maT mimarT, rom-
lebic mitovebuli iyvnen mSoblebis mier rTul cxovrebiseul situaciaSi, mawanwalobd-
nen da maTxovrobdnen. axali midgomebiT, Cadenili qmedeba arasrulwlovanisaTvis gaxda
ara mxolod misi braldebis safuZveli, aramed ganixileba rogorc bavSvis ubedure-
ba. sazogadoebam da saxelmwifom Tavis Tavze aiRo pasuxismgebloba arasrulwlovanTa
mxridan Cadenil qmedebebze, radganac ver uzrunvelyves bavSvisaTvis Sesabamisi pirobe-
bi socializaciisaTvis. arasrulwlovanTa saqmeebis ganmxilveli sasamarTlos ufleba-
mosileba arasrulwlovanTa interesebis dacviTaa moculi da aRmzrdelobiTi zomebi
arsebobs ara sadRac sisxlissamarTlebriv sanqciaTa periferiaze, aramed misi mniSvne-
loba pirvel planzea wamoweuli. sruliad Seicvala arasrulwlovnTa marTlmsajulebis
sistema, misi miznebi, principebi, sasamarTlo ganxilvis procedurebi, misaRebi zomebi,
mosamarTleTa profesionalizmi.
iuvenaluri iusticia damyarebulia Semdeg faqtorebze: 1. bavSvoba _ esaa ganviTare-
bis stadia, bavSvSi jer kidev araa gamyarebuli cxovrebiseuli unar-Cvevebi; 2. sazoga-
doebisa da misi institutebis amocanaa bavSvisaTvis keTildReobisa da socializaciisaT-
vis Sesaferisi pirobebis Seqmna. 3. mkacri sasjelis zoma aZlierebs desocializaciasa
da socialur dezadaptacias. 4. mosamarTlis valdebulebaa iseTi zomis gamoyeneba, ro-
melic aRmzrdelobiTi xasiaTisaa da arasrulwlovnis reintegracias emsaxureba.
rogorc aRiniSna, iuvenalurma marTlmsajulebam swrafi ganviTareba hpova me-20
saukunis 10-15-ian wlebSi rogorc amerikaSi, aseve evropaSi. man safuZveli daudo klasi-
kur arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebas. wlebis ganmavlobaSi, ra Tqma unda, am insti-
tutma saxecvlilebebi ganicada, Tumca sabaziso daxasiaTeba igive darCa, iuvenaluri
iusticia _ esaa aRmzrdelobiTi iusticia.
samarTlis filosofosi konrad branki10 amtkicebda, rom „Teoriul da filosofiur
doneze dasja da aRdgena ar aris sruliad erTmaneTis sapirispiro, rogorc amas xSirad
Cven vgulisxmobT.~11 sinamdvileSi, maT mravali saerTo aqvT. orivesaTvis, dasjisa da
aRdgenis TeoriisaTvis upirvelesi mizania daicvas da daexmaros gaziarebisa da us-
amarTlobis gamosworebis meSveobiT. gansxvaveba maT Soris isaa, rom isini gawonaswore-
bis misaRwevad sxvadasxva gzas miiCneven efeqturad.
realur cxovrebaSi mTlianad marTlmsajuleba SeiZleba ganxilul iqnes rogorc
kontinuumi,12 romlis erT boloSi aris samarTlebrivi, anu sisxlis samarTlis sistemis
modeli (misi Zlieri mxare, rogoricaa adamianis uflebebis mxardaWera _ arsebiTia.
Tumca mas aqvs zogi mkafiod gamoxatuli susti mxarec) da meore boloSi aris aRdgeniTi

9
Трайнин А. Общие выводы // Дети-преступники / Под ред. М.Н.Гернета. С.546.
10
Conrad Brunk is a religious studies professor at University of Victoria located in Victoria, British Columbia.
11
Conrad Brunk, “Restorative Justice and the Philosophical Theories of Criminal Punishment” in The Spiritual Roots of Restorative
Justice, Michael L. Hadley, editor. (Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 2001), 31-56.
12
L. Continuum -”uwyveti” movlenebis, procesebis uwyvetoba, erToblioba. <http://www.nplg.gov.ge/gwdict/index.php?a=ter-
m&d=3&t=20579>

91
sisxlis samarTlis aqtualuri sakiTxebi #1

alternativa (masac aqvs mniSvnelovani Zlieri maxasiaTeblebi garkveuli limitebiT).13

aRdgeniTi marTlmsajulebis instituts axasiaTebs sxvadasxva, erTmaneTisagan mkveTrad
gansxvavebuli midgomebi da meTodebi. romelTa mTlianobac am saxis marTlmsajulebis
popularobas ganapirobebs. dRes arsebuli midgomebi asaxavs imas, rom sxvadasxva saxisaa
is idiomebi, romlebic sxvadasxva adamianTa mosazrebebs moicavs.
pirobiTad, marTlmsajuleba SeiZleba daiyos damsjelobiT, sareabilitacio da aR-
dgeniT marTlmsajulebebad.14 aRdgeniTi marTlmsajulebis upiratesoba gansakuTrebiT
TvalSisacemia arasrulwlovnebTan mimarTebaSi. problemis nawili dakavSirebulia ter-
minTan „dasja~ _ „sasjeli~, es termini gamoiyeneba damsjelobiTi marTlmsajulebis Ses-
adareblad aRdgeniT marTlmsajulebasTan. damsjelobiTi marTlmsajuleba mimarTulia
ukve Cadenili qmedebis samagaliTod dasasjelad da momavalSi aseTi qmedebebis Tavidan
asacileblad. sasjelis gasasamarTleblad da retributivizmTan mimarTebaSi ramdenime
mosazreba arseobobs.15 kerZod ki, `pozitiuri~ retributivizmi (damnaSave aucileblad
unda daisajos da sasjeli unda iyos imdenad mkacri, ramdenadac is danaSaulis Camdenma
daimsaxura) da „negatiuri~ retributivizmi (mxolod damnaSave unda iyos dasjili, da
sasjeli ar unda iyos imaze ufro mkacri, vidre man daimsaxura). konsikventalizmis (laT.
consequens — `gamoZieba, daskvna, rezultati~)16 mimdevrebi ganmartaven, rom sasjelis
gamoyeneba dakavSirebulia misi daniSvnis aucileblobasTan gansakuTrebul, calkeul
SemTxvevebSi.17 varaudoben, rom Tavisuflebis aRkveTa (penitenciur dawesebulebebSi
sasjelis moxda) es „mTavari~ dasjis saxea kanondamrRvevTaTvis.18 aseT mosazrebas mxars
ar uWers bevri gamoCenili retributivistic ki. magaliTad fon hirSis mixedviT „nor-
maluri sazogadoeba valdebulia iswrafodes specialurad daniSnuli sanqciis simZi-
mis minimumisaken.~ aRdgeniTi marTlmsajulebis momxreebi ki „damsjelobiTi~ sanqciebis
srulad „aRmzrdelobiTi RonisZiebebiT~ Secvlis moTxovniT gamodian.19
iniciativebi da politikuri gamowvevebi aRdgeniTi-iuvenaluri marTlmsajulebis
Tanamderove formebis Camoyalibebis gzaze 70-iani wlebis dasawyisSi, msoflios masSta-
biT, Seiqmna mravali programa, romlebic dRes Tavisuflad SeiZleba iwodebodes aRd-
geniTi marTlmsajulebisaTvis gankuTvnilad. Tavdapirvelad yuradReba koncentrire-
buli iyo samarTaldamrRvevisa da msxverplis Sexvedrebsa da Serigebaze. es gamocdileba
mTlianad iqna adaptirebuli da gaziarebuli mogvianebiT ganviTarebul saSuamavlo-mom-
rigeblobiT modelebSi. ufro gvian aseT SexvedrebSi monawileobas iRebdnen orive mx-
aris ojaxis wevrebi da megobrebic, aseve profesionali iuristebi da sxva sazogadoeba-
Si gavlenis mqone adamianebi.20
sainteresoa aRweril iqnes aRdgeniTi iniciativebisa da politikuri gamowvevebis
ZiriTadi saxeebi, romlebmac aRdgeniT-iuvenalur marTlmsajulebas dRevandeli Si-
naarsi SesZines.
`Prisoners Rights and Alternatives to Prisons~, _ msjavrdebulTa ufleba alternatiul
cixeze. am iniciativis mxardamWerebi da praqtikosebi samarTaldamrRvevSi, upirveles
yovlisa, socialuri gulgrilobis, rasobrivi da genderuli diskriminaciis msxverpls

13
hovard zehri „aRdgeniTi marTlmsajulebis patara wigni“ gv. 63 mTargmneli, redaqtori _ irma reviSvili.
14
Bazemore, 1996; Walgrave, 1995; Zehr, 1990
15
Duff and Garland, 1994, P. 7
16
moraluri Teoriebis jgufi, sadac moraluri Sefasebis kriteriumad miCneulia rezultati - konsikventi.
Darwall Stephen Consequentialism. — Oxford: Blackwell, 2002.
17
iqve Duff and Garland, 1994, P.6
18
Bazemore, 1996, p. 50
19
Baker В., Consequentialism, Punishment and Autonomy // Retributivism and Its Critics / ed. Cragg. W. Stuttgart, 1992.
20
Bentham J. The.Principles of Morals and Legislation. N.Y., 1948.5:12. Bianchi H. Justice as Sanctuary: Toward a New System of
Crime Control-Bloomington, 1994.

92
iuvenaluri iusticiis organizaciul-samarTlebriv modelebi da qarTuli arasrulwlovanTa maka
marTlmsajulebis zogierTi problematuri sakiTxi am modelTa WrilSi gorgoZe

xedavdnen da Sesabamisad, miznad isaxavdnen cixis pirobebSi sasjelis moxdis minimalize-

bas, aseve Tavisuflebis aRkveTis sruliad gauqmebas uWerdnen mxars. am ideis xorcSesx-
misaTvis fei honi knopi da sxvebi ocnebobdnen „mzrunveli sazogadoebis~ aSenebaze,
romelic msxverplsa da samarTaldamrRvevze erTanairad izrunebda. 80-ian wlebSi aSS-s
cixeebSi msjavrdebulTa ricxvi mkveTrad gaizarda, moimata Sualeduri sasjelebis pop-
ularobamac.21 Tumca arc maSin da arc dRes Sualeduri sasjelebis Sesaxeb arsebul
literaturaSi msxverplisa da samarTaldamrRvevis Serigeba an aRdgeniTi marTlmsaju-
leba moxseniebuli ar aris.
`Conflict Resolution~ _ konfliqtis gadawyveta-mogvareba. wina saukunis 70-ian wlebSi
sazogadoebrivi organizaciebis gafarToebam, samezoblo erTobebis centrebma da moqa-
laqeTa gaaqtiurebam kidev ufro gazarda marTlmsajulebaSi CarTulobisaken swrafva.
am ideis mimdevrebi cdilobdnen marTlmsajuleba warmarTuliyo moqalaqeTa ufro far-
To monawileobiT, rac Caanacvlebda formalur process. mowinaaRmdege mxareebs Soris
davis aseTi gziT gadawyvetis saSualebebi dResac farTodaa gavcelebuli aSS-Si, did
britaneTsa da kanadaSi.22
`Victim-Offender Reconciliation Programs (VORPs)~ _ es programa pirvelad 1974 wels
Seiqmna kanadaSi, xolo 1977 wels ukve aSS-Si arsebobda. idea miznad isaxavs msxverplis
(dazaralebulis) da samarTaldamrRvevis Sexvedrebs, romlebic, rogorc wesi ganaCe-
nis gamotanamde ewyoboda neitraluri mesame mxaris monawileobiT. programis mTavar
amocanas „swori urTierTdamokidebulebis`aRdgena warmoadgenda.23 VORP-is mimdevrebis
Sromebi mWidrod iyo dakavSirebuli religiur principebTan da institutebTan.24
`Victim-Offender Mediation (VOM)~ _ 70-iani wlebis bolos dazaralebulebi da maTi
damcvelebi upiratesobas aniWebdnen terminebs „Suamavloba konfliqtis gadawyvetisaT-
vis~ (Mediation) da „Serigeba~ (Reconciliation) _ rac dazaralebulisa da samarTaldamrRvevis
Sexvedrebis programas gulisxmobs. es programa Zalian hgavs ukve ganxilul VORP-is
programas, Tumca VOM-i saSualebas aZlevda sxva pirebsac CarTuliyvnen mediaciis pro-
cesSi, gansakuTrebiT ki gaxmaurebul saqmeebSi. Tavdapirvelad am programam gavrceleba
hpova didi britaneTisa da skandinaviis qveynebSi, mogvianebiT ki dasavleT evropis bevr
qveyanaSi iuvenaluri marTlmsajulebis ganviTarebis farglebSi.
`Victim Advocacy~ _ dazaralebulTa (msxverplTa) dacvis programa, am programis mim-
devrebi Sewuxebuli iyvnen ra sisxlis samarTalwarmoebaSi dazaralebulis arasakmari-
si roliT, cdilobdnen maTi uflebebis dacvas. am ideam gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba
SeiZina 1982 wels, roca prezident reiganis administraciam gamoaqveyna kvlevis angariSi
danaSaulis msxverplTa Sesaxeb. sisxlissamarTlebrivi marTlmsajulebisa da `Victim Ad-
vocacy~-s momxreebs Soris mWidro kavSiri 1990 wlidan damyarda. mas Semdeg msxverplTa
dacvis amerikis biuro valdebulia gamoiCinos interesi da ganaxorcielos Sesabamisi
qmedebebi dazaralebulisa da samarTaldamrRvevis Sesarigeblad.
`Family Group Conferences (FGC)~ _ saojaxo konferenciebi. axal zelandiaSi wina sauku-
nis 80-iani wlebidan mimdinareobda vaitangis25, anu konstituciuri dokumentis gada-

21
Morris and Tonry, 1990, DiMaskio, 1997
22
Pavlich, 1996, p.161
23
Zehr, 1990
24
Immarigeon, 1984
25
1840 wels didma britaneTma da maoris tomTa beladebma miaRwies SeTanxmebas da xeli moaweres werilobiT
xelSekrulebas, romelmac miiRo saxeli `vaitangis xelSekruleba~, romlis punqtebis Tanaxmad, maorebi
gadascemdnen axal zelandias did britaneTs sameTvalyureod, magram inarCunebdnen Tavis qonebriv ufle-
bas, xolo didma britaneTma maorisgan miiRo miwis nakveTebis Sesyidvis gansakuTrebuli ufleba. am peri-
odSi xdeboda aqtiuri ormxrivi socialuri integracia, romelic zrdida evropeli gadmosaxlebulebisa
da maorebis raodenobas. vaWrobis obieqti ZiriTadad rCeboda maorebis kuTvnili miwa, magram aRmoceneba

93
sisxlis samarTlis aqtualuri sakiTxebi #1

fasebis procesi, romelic patexasa (TeTrkanianebi) da maoris Soris xelSekrulebas

gulisxmobda. am procesis Sedegad maoris mimarT saxelmwifo politika Seicvala da 1989
wlidan dadgenil iqna axali standartebi iuvenaluri marTlmsajulebis Sesaxeb, aseve
ojaxebis socialuri dacvisaTvis. FGC-s saqmianoba VOM-isa da VORP-isagan imiT gansx-
vavdeba, rom gansakuTrebul aqcents akeTebs samarTaldamrRvevTa ojaxebis mimarT.26 am
programis farglebSi avstraliaSi Seiqmna e.w. `vaggas modeli~, rogorc policiis ini-
ciativaTa nawili.
`Sentencing Circles~ _ marTlmsajulebis wreebi. programis es saxe kanadaSi warmoiS-
va indielTa Temebis mimarT Cadenili kanonsawinaaRmdego qmedebebis gamo. samarTal-
damrRvevisa da dazaralebulTa „harmoniisa~ da „gankurnebisaTvis~ aucilebeli gaxda
mxareTa Soris, aseve mTlianad adgilobriv sazogadoebaSi konsensusis miRweva. ideis
mizans warmoadgens uRirs qmedebaze reagireba da Sesabamisi sanqciebis gamoyeneba mxare-
Ta interesebis gaTvaliswinebiT.27 programa efeqturad gamoiyena amerikis SeerTebulma
Statebma minesotas StatSi afroamerikelebis mimarT.

II. Sinapatimroba _ qarTuli iuvenaluri marTlmsajulebis,

rogorc „damsjelobiTi~ da „aRmzrdelobiTi~
iusticiis Sereuli modelis produqti

msoflioSi yvela saxelmwifos aqvs sisxlis samarTlis sakuTari sistema, Tumca

kanonebi erTmaneTisagan formiT gansxvavdeba. zog saxelmwifos, gansakuTrebiT ki kon-
tinenturi samarTlis sistemis mqone qveynebs, Cveulebriv, aqvT sisxlis samarTlis kod-
eqsi an/da sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi, zog saxelmwifoSi ki, kerZod, saerTo
samarTlis qveynebSi, arsebobs mTeli rigi calkeuli statutebis (aqtebis an kanonebis)
gamoyenebis tendencia. orive sistemaSi aRniSnuli kodeqsebisa da statutebis safuZ-
velze Seqmnilia didi raodenobiT kanonqvemdebare aqtebi, romlebic arasrulwlovanTa
marTlmsajulebis sferos sxvadasxva aspeqtTan dakavSirebul wesebsac Seicavs.28
iuvenaluri marTlmsajuleba umeteswilad aRiqmeba rogorc procedura samarTal-
damrRvevis sasjelisagan ganTavisuflebis Sesaxeb. Tumca arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsa-
julebis absolutur amocanas sasjelisagan gaTavisufleba ar warmoadgens. did mniSvn-
elobas iZens aRdgeniTi marTlmsajulebis samuSaoebSi arasrulwlovanTa mimarT iseTi
RonisZiebebis gatareba, romelic srulwlovnebisaTvis ar gamoiyeneba.
iuvenaluri marTlmsajuleba umetes wilad aRiqmeba rogorc procedura samarTal-
damrRvevis sasjelisagan ganTavisuflebis Sesaxeb. Tumca arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsa-
julebis absolutur amocanas sasjelisagan gaTavisufleba ar warmoadgens. did mniSvn-
elobas iZens aRdgeniTi marTlmsajulebis samuSaoebSi arasrulwlovanTa mimarT iseTi
RonisZiebebis gamoyeneba, romelic srulwlovnebisaTvis ar gamoiyeneba.
moqmedi arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kodeqsi (2015 wlis 12 ivnisis kanoni)
saSualebas iZleva da ar krZalavs sisxlis samarTlis saqmis warmoebas, aseve danaSaulis
arsebobis SemTxvevaSi kanondamrRvevis mimarT dgeba sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismge-
blobis sakiTxi, romelic sasjeliT mTavrdeba.
aRdgeniTi marTlmsajulebis mixedviT danaSauli aixsneba, pirvel rigSi, rogorc
da ganviTareba daiwyo maorebis sakuTarma saqmianma wamowyebebma.<http://wikivisually.com/lang-ka/wiki/>
26
GABRIELE M. Maxwell and ALISSON Morris, Femily,victims end culture: 1993. P255; Umbreit and Zehr, 1995-96 P10;
27
Griffiths, 1996, P. 201
28
qerolin hamiltoni. arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis sakanonmdeblo reformis saxelmZRvanelo mi-
TiTebebi. qarTuli Targmani, gaeros bavSvTa fondi, 2013, gv 15.

94
iuvenaluri iusticiis organizaciul-samarTlebriv modelebi da qarTuli arasrulwlovanTa maka
marTlmsajulebis zogierTi problematuri sakiTxi am modelTa WrilSi gorgoZe

qmedeba, romelmac ziani miayena konkretul pirs an pirTa jgufs da ara mTel sazo-
gadoebas. aqedan ki warmoiSoba valdebuleba miyenebuli zianis anazRaurebis Sesaxeb,
aseve bodiSis moxdis valdebuleba, darRveuli uflebis aRdgena da braleulobis gac-
nobiereba. Sesabamisad, xdeba sisxlissamarTlebrivi sasjelis miznebis ganxorcieleba _
socialuri samarTlianobis aRdgena.29
araformalur iuridiul sinamdvileSi Tvlian, rom sasjeli emsaxureba darRveu-
li uflebis aRdgenis saSualebas, xolo aRdgeniToba _ „adamianuri~ kategoriaa.30 aRd-
geniTi marTlmsajuleba moicavs sisxlis samarTalwarmoebasTan mWidrod dakavSirebul
models, romelic saSualebas iZleva aqcentebi Seicvalos samarTaldamrRvevTa pasux-
ismgeblobis mimarT saxelmwifoebrivi iZulebiT, Cadenili qmedebis marTlwinaaRmdego-
bis SegnebisaTvis, raTa pirma realurad agos pasuxi Cadenili danaSaulisaTvis.
arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajuleba Tavisuflebis aRkveTis saxiT daniSnuli sasje-
lis Casanacvleblad e.w. `alternatiul~ sasjelebs iyenebs. sxvadasxva qveyanaSi gansx-
vavebuli saxis SedarebiT msubuqi sasjelebia dawesebuli. maT Soris kuTvnil adgils
ikavebs sasjelis iseTi saxe, rogoricaa Sinapatimroba.31
Sinapatimroba _ rogorc aseTi, jer kidev romis samarTalSi, kerZod ki romis res-
publikis periodSi warmoiSva. braldebulsa da msjavrdebuls Tavisuflebis garkveul-
wilad SezRudvis fonze, SenarCunebuli hqondaT ufleba yofiliyvnen gankuTvnil sacx-
ovrebel adgilas, mieRoT megobrebi stumrad, esargeblaT sakuTari sakvebiTa da a.S.
sisxlissamarTlebriv warmoebaSi swored am periodidan Cndeba es terminic.
Sinapatimroba Tavisi bunebiT warmoadgens sasjelis iseT nairsaxeobas, romelic
dakavSirebulia Tavisuflebis aRkveTasTan, Tumca gamoiyeneba rogorc Tavisuflebis
aRkveTis alternativa. misi aseTi gamoyenebis rekomendacias iZleva gaeros minimaluri
wesebi sasjelTan mimarTebaSi, romlebic ar aris dakavSirebuli sapatimro sasjelebTan
(tokios wesebi)1990 weli (me-8 muxlis „k~ qvepunqti).
sisxlis samarTlis sasjelis saxiT Sinapatimroba, arcTu ise bevri qveynis kanonmde-
blobaSia gaTvaliswinebuli, aseT qveynebs miekuTvneba andora, argentina, didi brita-
neTi, hondurasi, espaneTi, bolivia, san-marino, aSS, TurqeTi, kolumbia, maroko, panama,
paragvai, tailandi, filipinebi. amasTan, aRsaniSnavia, rom espaneTsa da andoraSi Sina-
patimroba sasjelis damoukidebel saxes warmoadgens, san-marinosa da filipinebSi is
warmoadgens Tavisuflebis aRkveTis saxiT daniSnuli sasjelis moxdis reJims, xolo
tailandSi Tavisuflebis SezRudvis moxdis erT-erTi reJimia. marokoSi usafrTxoebis
zomaa, xolo laTinuri amerikis qveynebSi is warmoadgens substituciur sasjels da
iniSneba mxolod sxva sasjelis ufro msubuqiT Secvlis SemTxvevaSi. sainteresoa is faq-
ti, rom sasjelis am saxes laTinuri amerikis qveynebi iyeneben qali da arasrulwlovani
damnaSaveebis mimarT, aseve 70 wels gadacilebuli pirebis an mZime avadmyofebis SemTx-
vevaSi (valetudinaries). aSS-s kanonmdeblobaSi aseTi sasjeli gaTvaliswinebulia qronikuli
daavadebis mqone bavSvebSi, moxucebulebisaTvis 79 wels zeviT, fexmZime qalebis mimarT.
did britaneTSi ki is SeiZleba daeniSnos nebismier 16 wels miRweul pirs. saerTo arsiT
ki es sasjeli yvela qveyanaSi damnaSave piris drois garkveul periodSi sacxovrebel
saxlSi yofnas gulisxmobs.32
aRsaniSnavia, rom am sasjelTan erTad mosamarTleebs SeuZliaT daniSnon sxva saxis

29
Есаков Г. А. Основы сравнительного уголовного права: Монография. М., 2007.C 124
30
Карнозова Л. На пути к новой парадигме уголовной юстиции (краткий очерк о восстановительном правосу- дии)
Евроремент Гулага. М., 2003, № 18 (23). С. 168−180.
31
Левченко В.Н. Совершенствование альтернативных видов уголовных наказаний // Actualscience. – 2015. – Т. 1. – № 1. – С.
132-134.
32
Малиновский А. А. Сравнительное уголовное право. Учебник. М., Юрлитинформ, 2014. 234 C

95
sisxlis samarTlis aqtualuri sakiTxebi #1

valdebulebebi msjavrdebulTa aRzrda-gamosworebisaTvis, ase magaliTad, san-marinos

sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 83-e muxlis Tanaxmad, mosamarTle gascems gankargulebas
imis Sesaxeb, rom msjavrdebulma Seasrulos ojaxuri valdebulebebi, iswavlos, iSromos
SesaZleblobis farglebSi, sadResaswaulo dReebSi ganaxorcielos aucilebeli moqmede-
bebi. sainteresoa is faqti, rom yvela am qveyanaSi Sinapatimroba sxvadasxvagvarad aR-
sruldeba, iqneba es eleqtronuli monitoringi, satelefono kontroli Tu probaciis
TanamSromlis zedamxedveloba, Tumca mTavari aris is, rom sasjelis am saxiT daniSvna
arc erT CamoTvlil qveyanaSi 6 Tves ar scdeba.33
„arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kodeqsis~ safuZvelze 2016 wlis seqtembridan
ZalaSi Sevida arasapatimro sasjelis axali saxe _ Sinapatimroba, romelic probaciis
erovnulma saagentom eleqtronuli monitoringis saSualebebis gamoyenebiT unda aRas-
rulos. sasjelis moxdis alternatiuli formis danergva sisxlis samarTlis sistemis
liberalizacias emsaxureba. cixis alternatiuli sanqciebis gamoyeneba, is, rom cixe
iyos sasjelis ukiduresi forma, msoflio praqtikaSi miRebulia, arasrulwlovnebis
SemTxvevaSi ki es moTxovna ufro mkacrad aris dayenebuli. rodesac sasamarTloSi ga-
nixileba arasrulwlovnis saqme, Tu ar aris gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSaulis faqtebi, sa-
samarTlo maqsimalurad cdilobs, sasjelis moxdis adgilad sasjelaRsrulebis dawese-
buleba ar gamoiyenos. axali arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kodeqsis safuZvelze
etapobrivad dainerga da aRsrulda is punqtebi, rac aris kanonis moTxovna iuvenaluri
marTlmsajulebis farglebSi.
rac Seexeba Sinapatimrobis reJims, misi gansazRvra sasamarTlos prerogativaa, am
gadawyvetilebas iRebs mxolod mosamarTle, romelsac SeuZlia, gamoiyenos es sanqcia,
rogorc sxva qveynebis praqtikaSi, Tu saqme ar exeba gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSauls.
amave kodeqsSi erT-erTi mTavari daTqmaa, rom gaTvaliswinebuli iyos msjavrdebulis
saukeTeso interesi, rac moicavs imas, rom sasjelis mizani iyos ara misi dasja, aramed
misi gamosworeba.
mTavari mizania arasrulwlovani maqsimalurad iyos aridebuli sasjelaRsrulebis
dawesebulebas. kanonmdeblis azriT, Sinapatimroba alternatiuli sasjelis formaa,
rac TavisTavad ar niSnavs imas, rom SinaptimrobaSi myofi piri 24 saaTis ganmavlobaSi
unda iyos saxlis pirobebSi. mosamarTle, gamomdinare arasrulwlovnis yoveldRiuri
cxovrebidan, ganusazRvravs mas im saaTebs, ra periodSic is unda iyos saxlSi. danarCen
dros arasrulwlovani Tavisufalia imisTvis, rom man iaros sportze, skolaSi, hqondes
urTierToba sociumTan da maqsimalurad Seewyos xeli, rom ar dauSvas is Secdoma,
ris gamoc aris braldebuli. rac Seexeba sasjelis aRsrulebas, es daevala probaciis
erovnul saagentos.
kanonis mixedviT, aRsrulebis procesSi SesaZlebelia gamoyenebul iqnes eleqtro-
nuli zedamxedvelobis meqanizmi, egreT wodebuli samajurebi. es mTel msoflioSi
danergili praqtikaa, Tumca kanonSi arsebobs aseTi Canaweric: im SemTxvevebSi, sadac
fizikurad ar aris teqnologiis gamoyenebis saSualeba, probaciis samsaxuri valdebu-
lia, garkveuli periodulobiT gadaamowmos msjavrdebulis saxlSi yofna, arRvevs Tu
ara is Sinapatimrobis wesebs.34
arasapatimro sasjelis saxe _ Sinapatimroba ar Seexeba maT, vinc ukve ixdis sas-
jels. sasamarTlom maT mimarT ukve gamoitana gadawyvetileba, magram, Tu moxda saqmis
gadaxedva da erTi sasjelis Secvla meore sasjeliT, mosamarTles aqvs ufleba, gamoi-
yenos sasjelis axali forma _ Sinapatimroba.

33
Додонов В. Н. Сравнительное уголовное право. Общая часть. — М.: Юрлитинформ, 2009. - 448 с.
34
arsoSvili g, miqanaZe g., SalikaSvili m., probaciis samarTali. Tb., 2015, gv.150-154.

96
iuvenaluri iusticiis organizaciul-samarTlebriv modelebi da qarTuli arasrulwlovanTa maka
marTlmsajulebis zogierTi problematuri sakiTxi am modelTa WrilSi gorgoZe

zogadad arsebuli praqtikiT, eleqtronuli monitoringis saSualebebis gamoyeneba

xdeba sxvadasxva daniSnulebiT: aris aparatura, romliTac xdeba adamianis kontroli,
Tu rogor moZraobs, sad gadaadgildeba; konkretuli aparatura ki SinapatimrobisTvis
gamoiyeneba.
samajurs aqvs infrastruqtura, rac gulisxmobs servers, romelzec iqneba ganTavse-
buli sruli informacia TiToeul mowyobilobaze. programuli uzrunvelyofa iZleva
saSualebas ganisazRvros, romeli samajuri sad, visTan, vis mier aris damontaJebuli.
daculia informaciuli mimocvla programasa da samajurs Soris. mowyobiloba monta-
Jdeba piris saxlSi miTiTebulia radiusi, romelsac ar unda gascdes konkretul dros
SinapatimrobaSi myofi adamiani. radiusi sxvadasxva SemTxvevaSi sxvadasxvaa da damok-
idebulia im teritoriaze, romelic aris piris sacxovrebeli adgili. regionSi es ter-
itoria SesaZloa moicavdes ezos, mimdebare teritorias. aparaturas aqvs manZilis ga-
zomvis ramdenime reJimi. SinapatimrobaSi myof pirebs samajuri daumagrdebaT fexze,
fexidan samajuris moZroba, xelisgan gansxvavebiT, gaxsnis gareSe praqtikulad SeuZle-
belia; amas garda, xelze mimagrebuli samajuri ufro Cans da rom ar moxdes msjavrdebu-
li arasrulwlovnis uflebebis Selaxva da misi erTgvari diskreditacia.
sasamarTlos mier miRebuli gadawyvetileba, rom piri garkveul dros saxlSi unda
atarebdes, iTvleba darRveulad, Tu piri datovebs saxls. probaciis biuro informaci-
iT mimarTavs sasamarTlos, romelic iRebs gadawyvetilebas, rom SesaZloa, is Sansi, ro-
melic man misca arasrulwlovans da man ar gamoiyena, Secvalos sasjelis sxva formiT.
rogorc aRiniSna, Sinapatimroba alternatiuli sasjelis formad ganixileba da misi
daniSvnisas sasamarTlo arasrulwlovnis saukeTeso interesebs iTvaliswinebs. arasrul-
wlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kodeqsis 69-e muxli awesebs im normebs, romlis farglebSi
da gansakuTrebuli garemoebebis drosaa SesaZlebeli misi daniSvna.

sasjelis saxis _ Sinapatimrobisa da arasrulwlovanisaTvis movaleobis

dakisrebis konkurencia, qarTuli iuvenaluri marTlmsajulebis WrilSi

esa Tu is sasjeli, rogorc wesi, individualuri saxisaa da misi gansazRvrebiT,

niSan-TvisebebiT, SinaarsiTa da aRsrulebis wesebiT aucileblad ar unda imeorebdes
meores. zogadad, sisxlis samarTalSi da miT ufro arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsaju-
lebSi, gansakuTrebuli adgili uWiravs mosamarTlis uflebamosilebiT iseTi movale-
obis dakisrebas, romelic damnaSave piris aRzrda-gamosworebas emsaxureba da friad
mniSvnelovania rogorc sasjelis miznebis ukeT ganxorcielebisaTvis, aseve aRdgeniTi
marTlmsajulebis principebis Sesasruleblad. marTalia, klasikuri gagebiT aRdgeniTi
marTlmsajuleba sasamarTlo warmoebas sruliad ewinaaRmdegeba, Tumca Tanamedrove
arsiTa da damkvidrebuli praqtikiT es ori mimarTuleba paraleluri sulac ar aris
da xSir SemTxvevaSi ikveTeba kidec, Tumca maT, ra Tqma unda, cal-calke amocanebi aqvT
Sesasrulebeli.
saqarTvelos arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kodeqsis 75-e muxlis meore naw-
ilis mixedviT, arasrulwlovnisaTvis arasapatimro sasjelis daniSvnisas mosamarTle
uflebamosilia arasapatimro sasjelTan erTad mas daakisros imave kodeqsis 45-e muxliT
gaTvaliswinebuli 1 an ramdenime movaleoba. am SemTxvevaSi dauSvebelia iseTi movaleo-
bis dakisreba, romelic didi albaTobiT ar Sesruldeba an romlis Sesruleba arasrul-
wlovnis gonebriv da fizikur SesaZleblobebs aRemateba. am danawesidan gamomdinare,
gansakuTrebul yuradRebas iqcevs arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kodeqsis 45-e
muxlis 1 nawilis „g~ qvepunqti, romlis mixedviTac arasrulwlovans SeiZleba aekrZalos

97
sisxlis samarTlis aqtualuri sakiTxebi #1

drois gansazRvrul monakveTSi saxlidan gasvla.

konkretuli normis Sinaarsidan gamomdinare, mosamarTle uflebamosilia nebismier
SemTxvevaSi, alternatiuli sasjelis gamoyenebisas damatebiT mimarTos arasrulwlo-
vanisaTvis movaleobis dakisrebas da daakisros iseTi movaleoba, romelic Tavisi Si-
naarsiT da gamoxatulebiT sruliad identuri iyos sasjelis iseTi saxisa, rogoricaa
Sinapatimroba, radganac sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 69-e muxlis Tanaxmad, Sinapatim-
roba xom arasrulwlovnisaTvis dRe-Ramis gansazRvrul periodSi Tavis sacxovrebel
adgilas yofnis valdebulebis dakisrebas niSnavs.
Tuki am logikur jaWvs gavyvebiT, SesaZlebelia arasrulwlovnis mimarT sasamarT-
los mier ganisazRvros ZiriTadi sasjelis saxed, magaliTad, jarima, xolo aucileb-
el Sesasrulebel movaleobad ki aekrZalos drois garkveul monakveTSi, saRamos 19
saaTidan dilis 10 saaTamde Sinidan gasvla 6 Tvis ganmavlobaSi. sayuradReboa meore
variantic, arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kodeqsis 67-e da 68-e muxlis Tanaxmad,
arasrulwlovans ZiriTad sasjelis saxed daeniSnos jarima, xolo damatebiTi sasjelis
saxiT Sinapatimroba 6 Tvis vadiT. sruliad naTelia, rom aseT SemTxvevaSi sasjelisa da
movaleobis Sesrulebis valdebulebis Sinaarsi da gamoxatuleba erTi da igivea.
marTalia, arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kodeqsi ar iTvaliswinebs eleqtonu-
li monitoringis aucilebel pirobas valdebulebis Sesrulebis dakisrebisaTvis, Tumca
garkveuli drois ganmavlobaSi Sinidan gausvlelobaze zedamxedveloba, zustad ele-
qtronuli monitoringis saSualebiTaa SesaZlebeli.
am problematuri sakiTxis ganxilvisas unda aRiniSnos isic, rom gansxvavebiT Sina-
patimrobisagan, romlis aRsrulebisas arasrulwlovnisa da misi kanonieri warmomad-
genlis pozicias mniSvneloba ara aqvs, 75-e muxlis mesame nawilis Tanaxmad, sxva arasa-
patimro sasjelebis aRsrulebisas arasrulwlovnisa da misi kanonieri warmomadgenlis
TanxmobiT SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes eleqronuli monitoringi. gansakuTrebuli yur-
adRebaa gasamaxvilebeli imaze, rom xsenebul danawesSic saubaria mxolod da mxolod
sasjelebis aRsrulebaze da ara dakisrebuli movaleobis aRsrulebis wesze. ufro met-
ic, arasrulwlovnisaTvis sasjelis daniSvnisas sasjelTan mimarTebaSi upiratesi priv-
ilegiiT SeiZleba isargeblos im normis Sinaarsma, romelic damatebiTi valdebulebis
dakisrebas gulisxmobs.
arasrulwlovans Sinapatimroba eniSneba 6 Tvidan 1 wlamde vadiT, mas Sinapatimroba
SeiZleba daeniSnos naklebad mZime danaSulis Cadenis SemTxvevaSi. arasrulwlovanisaT-
vis movaleobis dakisrebisas ki kanoni ar awesebs drois gansazRvrul monakveTSi Sinidan
gasvlis akrZalvis vadas, Sesabamisad, sruliad SesaZlebelia es vada iyos imaze ufro
meti, vidre SinapatimrobisaTvis gansazRvruli vada. aseve araa gansazRvruli rogori
simZimis danaSaulisaTvis SeiZleba iqnes gamoyenebuli arasrulwlovanTa kodeqsis 45-e
muxlis pirveli nawilis „g~ qvepunqti.
rekomendacia: aucilebelia moxdes arasrulwlovanTa kodeqsis 45-e muxlis pirveli
nawilis „g~ qvepunqtis transformacia ise, rom ganisazRvros akrZalvisaTvis garkveuli
vada, dawesdes misi gamoyenebis iseTi farglebi, romelic mas sasjelis saxe _ Sinapatim-
robisagan ufro mkveTri konturebiT gamoacalkevebs.

daskvna

arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kanonmdebloba ganxilul unda iqnes mxolod

rogorc sistemuri reformis ZiriTadi nawili. mniSvnelovania, rom saxelmwifoebs mkaf-

98
iuvenaluri iusticiis organizaciul-samarTlebriv modelebi da qarTuli arasrulwlovanTa maka
marTlmsajulebis zogierTi problematuri sakiTxi am modelTa WrilSi gorgoZe

io warmodgena hqondeT im cvlilebebis Rirebulebaze, romlebsac am sferoSi dasaqme-

buli pirebi gauweven rekomendacias. imisaTvis, rom kanonmdebloba efeqtiani iyos,
sakanonmdeblo, aRmasrulebelma da sasamarTlo organoebma sakuTar Tavze unda aiRon
warmatebuli ganxorcielebisaTvis aucilebeli institutebisa da programebis Camoyal-
ibebis, gaZlierebis an gafarToebis valdebuleba. kanonmdebloba, romelic, miuxeda-
vad imisa, rom srulad Seesabameba saerTaSoriso standartebs, mainc Seicavs garkveul
xarvezebs da Tu ar moxdeba misi aRmofxvra da gamosworeba, garkveuli TvalsazrisiT
marTlmsajulebis daniSnuleba SeiZleba kontrproduqtiulic ki aRmoCndes.
mniSvnelovania, rom saxelmwifom Seagrovos arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis
praqtikisa da administrirebis Sesaxeb zusti, detalizebuli monacemebi da akontro-
los isini. es saSualebas miscems saxelmwifos, gamoavlinos arasrulwlovanTa danaSau-
lis tendenciebi da gansazRvros sapasuxo zomebisa da programebis qmediToba. efeq-
tiani monitoringi da Sefaseba saxelmwifos aZlevs SesaZleblobas, dagegmos resursebis
miznobrivi gamoyofa samecniero Tu praqtikuli wreebis mier SeTavazebuli iniciative-
bis gaTvaliswinebiT.
mniSvnelovania, rom arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kanonmdebloba Seicavdes
iseT Tavebs an muxlebs, romlebic mkafiod iqneba Camoyalibebuli, damnaSaved cnobil
bavSvTan dakavSirebuli nebismieri qmedebis mizani unda iyos bavSvis reintegracia, Tum-
ca aucilebelia, rom es miznebi realizebul iqnes iseTi sakanonmdeblo wesebis gamoy-
enebiT, romlebic calsaxad gansazRvraven ama Tu im qcevis wess da ar arsebobs orgvaro-
vani gagebis riski.
havanis wesebis me-2 wesi acxadebs rom `arasrulwlovanTaTvis Tavisuflebis aRkveTa
[...] gamoyenebul unda iqnes mxolod gamonaklis SemTxvevebSi.~ aRniSnuli debulebebidan
gamomdinare, mosamarTleebs da samarTaldamcavi organoebis sxva Tanamdebobis pirebs
akisriaT valdebuleba, bavSvebs Tavisuflebis aRkveTa Seufardon mxolod gamonakli-
sis saxiT da mxolod zemoaRniSnuli pirobebis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi. bavSvis uflebaTa
konvenciis ganxorcielebis sakiTxSi mosamarTleebisa da samarTaldamcavi organoebis
sxva TanamSromlebis daxmarebisaTvis aucilebelia ganviTardes patimrobis alterna-
tiuli zomebis gamoyenebis saSualebebi ise, rom isini ar ewinaaRmdegebodes erTmaneTs.

99
 arasrulwlovnis patimroba, rogorc ukiduresi RonisZieba
(adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlosa da saqarTvelos
sasamarTloebis praqtikis analizi)
TaTia qvriviSvili
ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis
saxelmwifo universitetis doqtoranti,
Tbilisis saapelacio sasamarTlos
Tavmjdomaris biuros konsultanti

Sesavali
Tavisuflebisa da xelSeuxeblobis ufleba pirvelxarisxovani mniSvnelobisaa
demokratiul sazogadoebaSi konvenciis gamomxatvelobis farglebSi.1 misi sakvanZo mi-
zani TviTnebobisa da Tavisuflebis ukanonod aRkveTis prevenciaa.2
pirovnebisTvis Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT izRudeba ara mxolod pirovnebis gadaadg-
ilebis Tavisufleba, aramed aseve misi Tavisufali neba, awarmoos da ganaviTaros urT-
ierTobebi ojaxis wevrebTan da axloblebTan. aSkaraa, rom sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis
an gadaudebeli aucileblobis safuZvelze pirisTvis Tavisuflebis aRkveTa avtomatu-
rad zRudavs patimrobaSi myofi adamianis kavSirs gare samyarosTan.3
saerTaSoriso samarTalSi arainstituciur midgomebs instituciur midgomebTan Se-
darebiT upiratesoba eniWeba, rac gulisxmobs, rom bavSvebisTvis Tavisuflebis aRkveTa
akrZaluli ar aris, Tumca eWvgareSea, rom ukidures RonisZiebad gamoiyeneba.4 bavSvis
uflebaTa konvenciis 37-e muxlis `b~ punqtis mixedviT, arc erT bavSvs ar unda aRekve-
Tos Tavisufleba ukanonod an TviTneburad. bavSvis dapatimreba, dakaveba an cixeSi
moTavseba xorcieldeba kanonis Tanaxmad da ganixileba, rogorc mxolod ukiduresi
zoma, rac SeiZleba naklebi periodis ganmavlobaSi. es umniSvnelovanesi norma-principi
_ arasrulwlovnis patimroba, rogorc ukiduresi RonisZieba, mraval saerTaSoriso aqt-
Sia ganmtkicebuli; rogoricaa, gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis wesebi Tavisufle-
baaRkveTil arasrulwlovanTa dasacavad, gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis minimal-
uri standartuli wesebi arasrulwlovanTa mimarT marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebis
Sesaxeb (e.w. `pekinis wesebi~), gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa komitetis zogadi komentari #10
marTlmsajulebis sistemaSi bavSvis uflebebis Sesaxeb da sxv.
analogiur midgomas iTvaliswinebs saqarTvelos arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsaju-

1
Winterwerp v. the Netherlands, ECHR, 24 October 1979, § 37, Series A no. 33
2
McKay v. the United Kingdom [GD], ECHR, no. 543/03, § 30.
3
saqarTvelos moqalaqeebi – daviT sarTania da aleqsandre maWaraSvili saqarTvelos parlamentisa da
saqarTvelos iusticiis ministris winaaRmdeg, saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos ganCineba, 1/2/458,
10.06.2009, par. II-7.
4
SahoviCi, n.v./doeki, i.e./cermateni, J., 2012. gv. 177. ix. SalikaSvili m., miqanaZe g., arasrulwlovanTa
marTlmsajuleba (saxelmZRvanelo), 2016, gv. 83.

100
arasrulwlovnis patimroba, rogorc ukiduresi RonisZieba _ adamianis uflebaTa evropuli TaTia
sasamarTlosa da saqarTvelos sasamarTloebis praqtikis analizi qvriviSvili

lebis kodeqsis me-9 muxlic, romlis mixedviTac dauSvebelia arasrulwlovnisTvis Tav-

isuflebis SezRudva, Tu kanoniT gansazRvruli miznis miRweva ufro msubuqi zomis ga-
moyenebiT aris SesaZlebeli. amasTan, arasrulwlovnis dakaveba da dapatimreba, misTvis
Tavisuflebis SezRudva da Tavisuflebis aRkveTa dasaSvebia mxolod rogorc ukidure-
si RonisZieba, romelic SeZlebisdagvarad mokle vadiT da regularuli gadasinjvis
pirobiT unda iqnes gamoyenebuli.
marTalia, kanonmdebelma normis saTaurad SearCia `patimroba, rogorc ukidure-
si RonisZieba~, magram aq patimroba farTo gagebiTaa gamoyenebuli, rac gulisxmobs
sisxlis samarTalwarmoebisas Tavisuflebis SemzRudvel iseT RonisZiebebs, rogoricaa
dakaveba, patimroba, rogorc aRkveTis RonisZiebis saxe, Tavisuflebis aRkveTisa da Ta-
visuflebis SezRudvis sasjelebi.
warmodgenil naSromSi ganxiluli iqneba arasrulwlovanTaTvis patimrobis, rogorc
aRkveTis RonisZiebis Sefardebis sakiTxi saqarTvelos sasamarTloebisa da adamianis
uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos praqtikaSi, ra samarTlebriv da faqtobriv garemoe-
bebze dayrdnobiT iRebs sasamarTlo ganCinebas arasrulwlovnisTvis patimrobis Sefar-
debis Taobaze da ramdenad xSirad xdeba misi alternatiuli aRkveTis RonisZiebebiT
Canacvleba.

I. arasrulwlovnis patimrobis gamoyenebis winapirobebi saerTaSoriso

aqtebisa da adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos praqtikis mixedviT

adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa dacvis Sesaxeb evropuli konvenciis

me-5 muxli Seexeba Tavisuflebisa da xelSeuxeblobis uflebas. aRniSnuli muxlis 1-li
nawilis mixedviT, yvelas aqvs Tavisuflebisa da piradi xelSeuxeblobis ufleba. aravis
SeiZleba aRekveTos Tavsufleba, garda Semdegi SemTxvevebisa da kanoniT gansazRvruli
proceduris Sesabamisad: d) arasrulwlovnis dapatimreba kanonieri brZanebis safuZvel-
ze masze aRmzrdelobiTi zedamxedvelobisaTvis an misi kanonieri dapatimreba ufleba-
mosili sasamarTlo organos winaSe mis warsadgenad. aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom pekinis we-
sebis me-17 punqti CamoTvlis 4 ZiriTad kriteriums, romelTa erTobliobis SemTxvevaSi
SesaZlebelia arasrulwlovans Seefardos patimroba. esenia:
a) zemoqmedebis zoma yovelTvis unda iyos ara marto samarTaldarRvevis simZimisa
da garemoebebis proporciuli, aramed, aseve arasrulwlovnis mdgomareobisa da moTx-
ovnebis, sazogadoebis moTxovnebis proporciuli;
b) arasrulwlovnis piradi Tavisuflebis SezRudva SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes mx-
olod detalurad ganxilvis Semdeg da unda Semoifarglos SesaZlo minimumiT;
g) piradi Tavisuflebis SezRudva ar gamoiyeneba, Tu arasrulwlovans ar asamarTle-
ben seriozuli qmedebisaTvis sxva piris mimarT Zaladobis an sxva seriozuli samarTal-
darRvevebis araerTjeradi CadenisaTvis da Tu ar arsebobs sxva Sesabamisi zemoqmedebis
RonisZieba.
d) arasrulwlovnis keTildReoba gadamwyveti faqtoria misi saqmis ganxilvisas.
gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis wesebi TavisuflebaaRkveTil arasrulwlo-
vanTa dasacavad gansazRvravs, rom patimrobaSi an winaswar patimrobaSi myofi („jer
gausamarTlebeli~) arasrulwlovnebi iTvlebian udanaSauloebad. arasrulwlovnis da-
kaveba sasamarTlomde maqsimalurad unda iqnes Tavidan aridebuli da gamoyenebul unda
iqnes mxolod gamonaklis SemTxvevebSi. Sesabamisad, maqsimaluri Zalisxmeva unda iqnes
gamoyenebuli, raTa Sefardebul iqnes alternatiuli RonisZieba.

101
sisxlis samarTlis aqtualuri sakiTxebi #1

zogadad, rodesac adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlo ganixilavs arasrul-

wlovanTa saqmeebs, adamianis uflebaTa evropul konvenciasTan erTad iyenebs bavSvis
uflebaTa Sesaxeb konvencias da sxva zemoT CamoTvlil saerTaSoriso aqtebs, romlebic
arasrulwlovnebs Seexeba.
arasrulwlovnis patimrobasTan dakavSirebiT adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sa-
samarTlos praqtikidan ramdenime saintereso saqmis moyvana SeiZleba magaliTad, rom-
lebSic sasamarTlom daadgina adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis me-5 muxlis
1-li nawilis `d~ q/p darRveva. erT-erTi aseTi saqmea mubilanzila maieka da kaniki
mitunga belgiis winaaRmdeg.5 saqmis faqtobrivi garemoebebis mixedviT, arasrulwlovani
kaniki mitunga, romelic iyo warmoSobiT kongodan, briuselis aeroportSi dakavebul
iqna dokumentebis arqonis gamo, xolo Semdgom moxda misi deportacia kongoSi social-
ur muSakTan erTad. adamianis uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom aRniSnul saqmeze daad-
gina konvenciis me-5 muxlis darRveva, Semdeg garemoebebze dayrdnobiT: 1. kaniki mitunga
dakavebis Semdeg moTavsebul iqna daxurul centrSi imave pirobebSi, rogorSic iyvnen
aralegali ucxoeli srulwlovnebi. 2. arasrulwlovnis deportacia moxda, miuxedavad
imisa, rom gasaCivrebis 24-saaTiani periodi jer kidev ar iyo gasuli. garda amisa, aR-
niSnul saqmeSi sasamarTlo ganmartavs, rom `konvenciis me-5 muxlis §1 `d~ punqti img-
varad ar unda iqnes gagebuli, TiTqos mxolod am punqtiT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevaSia
SesaZlebeli arasrulwlovnis dakaveba, igi Seicavs specifikur, magram ara amomwurav
CamonaTvals.~
arasrulwlovnisTvis patimrobis Sefardebisas gaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos konk-
retuli da ara abstraqtuli garemoebebi. saqmeSi _ Boicenco v Moldova, (11/07/2006, §143)
evropulma sasamarTlom ganmarta, rom safuZveli ar SeiZleba iyos `zogadi da ab-
straqtuli~. braldebis simZime da mimalvis, axali danaSaulis Cadenis an SeTqmulebis
hipoTeturi saSiSroeba ar Seesabameba aseve adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis
moTxovnebs.6
erT-erTi bolo saqme, arasrulwlovnis patimrobis sakiTxTan mimarTebiT, romelzec
adamianis uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom daadgina konvenciis me-5 muxlis darRveva,
iyo grabovski poloneTis winaaRmdeg.7 faqtobrivi garemoebebis mixedviT, arasrulw-
lovani ganmcxadebeli dakavebul iqna krakovSi yaCaRobis ramdenime faqtze braldebiT.
krakovis raionulma sasamarTlom miiRo gadawyvetileba aRkveTis RonsZiebis saxed gamo-
eyenebina braldebulis arasrulwlovanTa TavSesafrSi 3 Tvis vadiT ganTavseba, vinaidan
arsebobda imis riski, rom igi miimaleboda an zemoqmedebas moaxdenda mowmeebze. patim-
robis 3-Tviani vadis gasvlis Semdeg arasrulwlovnis advokatma mimarTa sasamarTlos,
rom dauyovnebliv gaeTavisuflebinaT misi dacvis qveS myofi patimrobidan, vinaidan
ar arsebobda sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba patimrobis vadis gagrZelebis Taobaze. sa-
samarTlos kancelariaSi advokats ganumartes, rom damkvidrebuli praqtikis mixedviT,
vinaidan arasrulwlovans brali edeboda mZime danaSaulis CadenaSi, ar arsebobda kanon-
mdeblobiT aRkveTis RonisZiebis gauqmebis an misi Secvlis safuZveli, sanam saboloo
gadawyvetilebas ar miiRebda sasamarTlo. ramdenime Tvis Semdeg krakovis raionulma
sasamarTlom miiRo saboloo ganaCeni, romlis mixedviTac arasrulwlovani cnobil iqna
damnaSaved, sasjelis saxed Seefarda gamosasworebel dawesebulebaSi moTavseba, ro-
melic SeCerda 2 wlis gamosacdeli vadiT, amasTan, kvlav daeniSna sasamarTlo meur-
vis zedamxedveloba imave periodiT. rac Seexeba aRkveTis RonisZiebas, igi gauqmda da
5
Mubilanzila Mayeka and kaniki Mitunga v. Belgium, ECHR, no. 13178/03, 12.10.2006.
6
saqarTveloSi adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis gamoyeneba da erovnuli kanonmdeblobisa da sa-
samarTlo praqtikis SesabamisobaSi moyvana evropul standartebTan, mWedliZe n., 2017, gv.55.
7
Grabowski v. Poland. ECHR, no. 57722/12, 30.09.2015.

102
arasrulwlovnis patimroba, rogorc ukiduresi RonisZieba _ adamianis uflebaTa evropuli TaTia
sasamarTlosa da saqarTvelos sasamarTloebis praqtikis analizi qvriviSvili

arasrulwlovani gaTavisuflda darbazidan. ganmcxadebeli davobda sasamarTlos gad-

awyvetilebis gareSe ukanono patimrobasTan dakavSirebiT.
sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebaSi aRniSnavs: `konvenciis me-5 muxlis §1 amomwuravad
gansazRvravs gamonakliss da mxolod viwro interpretaciaa Tavsebadi am debulebis
miznebTan, e.i. uzrunvelyofili unda iqnas, rom aravis SeezRudos Tavisufleba TviT-
neburad. sasamarTlom miiCnia, rom, pirvel rigSi, poloneTis arasrulwlovanTa kanoni,
romelic zustad ar gansazRvravda sasamarTlos brZanebis miRebis valdebulebas gae-
grZelebina aRkveTis RonisZieba arasrulwlovanTa TavSesafarSi ganTavsebis Taobaze,
maSin, roca gasuli iyo misi moqmedebis vada, ar akmayofilebda `kanonis xarisxianobis~
tests konvenciis me-5 §1 muxlis miznebisTvis. arasrulwlovanTa kanonis arasakmarisma
debulebebma saSualeba misca iseTi praqtikis ganviTarebas, sadac SesaZlebeli iyo Tav-
SesafarSi moTavsebis gaxangrZliveba arasrulwlovanTaTvis sasamarTlos specialuri
gadawyvetilebis gareSe. meore mxriv, sasamarTlom miiCnia, rom es kanoni Tavis mxriv
ewinaaRmdegeboda kanonis gansazRvrulobis principsac, romelic nagulisxmevia konven-
ciaSi da romelic adgens kanonis uzenaesobis erT-erT ZiriTad elements.~ Sesabamisad,
sasamarTlom daadgina, rom arasrulwlovnis patimroba ar iyo `samarTliani~ konvenciis
me-5 §1 muxlTan mimarTebiT da daadgina aRniSnuli muxlis darRveva.

II. arasrulwlovnis patimrobis gamoyenebis winapirobebi

saqarTvelos arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kodeqsisa da
saqarTvelos sasamarTloebis praqtikis mixedviT

`aRkveTis RonisZiebis gamoyenebis mizani ar aris piris braleulobis mtkiceba, igi

warmoadgens marTlmsajulebis jerovani ganxorcielebis xelSeSlis prevenciis saSuale-
bas.~8
arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kodeqsis me-9 Tavi Seexeba aRkveTis RonisZie-
bebs da gansazRvravs, Tu romeli aRkveTis RonisZiebebis gamoyenebaa SesaZlebeli aras-
rulwlovani braldebulis mimarT. esenia: meTvalyureobaSi gadacema, SeTanxmeba gausv-
lelobisa da saTanado qcevis Sesaxeb, piradi Tavdeboba, girao, patimroba. maT Soris
yvelaze mkacri RonisZiebaa patimroba.
kanoni ar adgens cal-calke miznebs dapatimrebis, giraos da a.S. gamoyenebisTvis, es
miznebi erTi da igivea aRkveTis RonisZiebis yvela saxis gamoyenebisaTvis. gansxvaveba
mxolod imaSia, Tu ra xarisxisaa varaudi (albaTobis ramdenad maRali varaudi arsebobs)
braldebulis mier am qmedebaTa Cadenisa da am saSiSroebis aRsakveTad ra saxis aRkveTis
RonisZiebis gamoyenebis aucilebloba arsebobs. rac ufro maRali xarisxisaa varaudi,
rom braldebuli Caidens im qmedebebs, romelTa aRsakveTadac gamoiyeneba aRkveTis
RonisZieba, miT ufro mkacri aRkveTis RonisZieba unda iqnes gamoyenebuli da _ piriqiT.9
rodesac sasamarTlo msjelobs aRkveTis RonisZiebis gamoyenebis Taobaze, saxeze
unda iyos rogorc faqtobrivi, ise formaluri safuZvlebi.
faqtobriv safuZvelSi igulisxmeba faqtebis an informaciis erToblioba, rome-
lic mocemuli sisxlis samarTlis saqmis garemoebaTa erTobliobiT daakmayofilebda
obieqtur pirs, raTa daeskvna arasrulwlovnis mier danaSaulis SesaZlo Cadena, e.i.
dasabuTebuli varaudis standarti, romelic dadgenilia aRkveTis RonisZiebis Sefar-

8
saqarTvelos moqalaqe giorgi ugulava saqarTvelos parlamentis winaaRmdeg, saqarTvelos sakonstitucio
sasamarTlos saoqmo Canaweri #3/5/646, II-40, 26.06.2015.
9
Tbilisis saapelacio sasamarTlos sagamoZiebo kolegiis ganCineba, #1g/1805-16, 29.11.2016.

103
sisxlis samarTlis aqtualuri sakiTxebi #1

debisaTvis.
rac Seexeba aRkveTis RonisZiebis gamoyenebis formalur safuZvels, aq ukve mosamar-
Tlem unda imsjelos braldebulTan mimarTebaSi arsebul safrTxeebsa da konkretuli
aRkveTis RonisZiebis Sefardebis mizanSewonilobaze da gadawyvitos, Tu romeli aRkve-
Tis RonisZieba ufro ukeT uzrunvelyofs braldebulis saTanado qcevas gamoZiebisa da
saqmis sasamarTloSi ganxilvis stadiebze.
zogadad, aRkveTis RonisZiebis miznebi gaTvaliswinebulia sisxlis samarTlis sap-
roceso kodeqsis 198-e muxliT, romelic uklebliv yvela RonisZiebaze vrceldeba. aR-
niSnulis muxlis 1-li nawilis mixedviT, aRkveTis RonisZieba gamoiyeneba im mizniT, rom
braldebulma Tavi ar aaridos sasamarTloSi gamocxadebas, aRikveTos misi Semdgomi
danaSaulebrivi saqmianoba, uzrunvelyofil iqnes ganaCenis aRsruleba. rogorc zemoT
aRiniSna, `marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebisaTvis safrTxis Semcveli TiToeuli miznis
in abstracto gamoyeneba aRkveTis RonisZiebis dasabuTebisaTvis dauSvebelia da unda em-
yarebodes konkretul faqtobriv safuZvels. aRniSnuli safuZveli ar SeiZleba iyos
`zogadi da abstraqtuli~. braldebis simZime da mimalvis, axali danaSaulis Cadenis an
SeTqmulebis hipoTeturi saSiSroeba ar Seesabameba konvenciis moTxovnebs.10 `igi unda
efuZnebodes individualizebul Sefasebas imisa, Tu ra iqneba gonivruli da saWiro ar-
sebul pirobebSi gaqcevis, mtkicebulebebze zemoqmedebis an axali danaSaulis Cadenis
Tavidan asacileblad.11
patimrobis gamoyenebis Taobaze gadawyvetilebis miRebisas unda moxdes braldebu-
lis pirovnebis, misi ganviTarebis donis, sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi integraciis xarisx-
is, ojaxuri mdgomareobisa da socialur-ekonomikuri pirobebis siRrmiseuli Seswav-
la-gaanalizeba.
aRsaniSnavia, rom srulwlovani braldebulebisagan gansxvavebiT, arasrulwlovani
braldebulis mimarT patimrobis gamoyenebis safuZvlad damatebiTi garemoebebia gaT-
valiswinebuli arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kodeqsis 64-e muxliT. esenia:
a) savaraudod, Cadenili danaSaulisaTvis sasjelis saxiT gaTvaliswinebulia Tavi-
suflebis aRkveTa;
b) patimroba erTaderTi saSualebaa, romelic uzrunvelyofs, rom Tavidan iqnes
acilebuli arasrulwlovani braldebulis mimalva, mis mier marTlmsajulebis ganxor-
cielebisaTvis an mtkicebulebebis mopovebisaTvis xelis SeSla an axali danaSaulis Ca-
dena;
g) mizani, romelsac arasrulwlovani braldebulis patimroba emsaxureba, aRemateba
misi Tavisuflebis interess.
patimroba ar unda gaigivdes sasjelis faqtoris mizanTan, arasrulwlovani bral-
debuli imitom moeqca am gansakuTrebuli saproceso miznebis miRwevis liberalur re-
JimSi, rom is swored arasrulwlovania da sxvagvarad aRiqvams im kanonsawinaaRmdego
qmedebas/garemoebas, vidre srulwlovani, mxedvelobaSi unda iqnes miRebuli saqmesa da
braldebulTan dakavSirebiT arsebuli konkretuli da individualuri maxasiaTeblebi,
ramac unda Seqmnas an gamoricxos patimrobis gamoyenebis SesaZlebloba. dapatimreba
gamoyenebul unda iqnes mxolod sagamonakliso RonisZiebis saxiT, is ar unda iyos saval-
debulo xasiaTis da ar unda iqnas mimarTuli dasjis miznebisaTvis. sasamarTlos aqvs
valdebuleba, aRkveTis RonisZieba gamoiyenos mxolod mkacrad gawerili safuZvlebis
10
Boicenco v. Moldova. ECtHR, 11.07.20016, §143; Patsuria v. Georgia, ECtHR, 06.11.2007, §67. ix. fafiaSvili l., Tuman-
iSvili g., kvaWantiraZe d., liparteliani l., dadeSqeliani g., guncaZe S., mezvriSvili n., Toloraia l.,
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis komentari, 2015, gv. 558.
11
Eligio Cedeno v. Venezuela, UNHRC, 29.10.2012, § 7. 10; Torobekov v. Kyrgyzstan UNHRC, 27.11.2011, § 6.3.., ix. igive, gv.
591.

104
arasrulwlovnis patimroba, rogorc ukiduresi RonisZieba _ adamianis uflebaTa evropuli TaTia
sasamarTlosa da saqarTvelos sasamarTloebis praqtikis analizi qvriviSvili

arsebobisas, xolo patimroba, rogorc ukiduresi RonisZieba, unda gamoiyenos mxolod

saTanado dasabuTebis SemTxvevaSi da aucileblobisas. amasTan, gamoyenebuli aRkveTis
RonisZiebis konkretuli saxe unda iyos Cadenili qmedebis proporciuli.12
Tbilisis saapelacio sasamarTlo ganmartavs, rom `aRkveTis RonisZiebis sakiTxis
ganxilva yovelTvis moqceuli unda iyos prezumfciaSi, rom braldebuli unda iyos
Tavisufali sasamarTlos ganaCenis gamotanamde, aRniSnuli ki rogorc prokurors, ise
sasamarTlos avaldebulebs, mxolod zemoT miTiTebuli safrTxeebis gansakuTrebuli
xarisxiT arsebobisas ganixilos patimrobis gamoyenebis SesaZlebloba. amasTan, dabe-
jiTebiT mtkiceba imisa, rom esa Tu is braldebuli Caidens axal danaSauls an xels
SeuSlis gamoZiebas mtkicebulebaTa mopovebaSi, SeuZlebelia, Tumca saproceso kanon-
mdebloba ar iTxovs braldebis mxarisagan utyuari mtkicebulebebis wardgenas, aRkve-
Tis RonisZiebis gamoyenebisa da dasabuTebisaTvis sakmarisia dasabuTebuli varaudis
arseboba.~13
rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, arasrulwlovani braldebulisaTvis patimrobis gamoyenebis
safuZvels iZleva kumulaciuri mocemuloba im garemoebebisa, romelic gaTvaliswinebu-
lia arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kodeqsis 64-e muxliT. ganvixiloT TiToeuli
punqti detalurad:
„a~ punqtis mixedviT, patimrobis gamoyenebis erT-erT safuZvels warmoadgens gare-
moeba, Tuki, savaraudod, Cadenili danaSaulisaTvis sasjelis saxiT gaTvaliswinebu-
lia Tavisuflebis aRkveTa. sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli muxlebis
umetesoba sanqciis saxiT iTvaliswinebs Tavisuflebis aRkveTas, maT Soris naklebad
mZime kategoriis danaSaulebzec. viziareb gamoTqmul mosazrebas, rom umjobesi iqne-
boda `ara yvela danaSaulze iyos patimroba gamoyenebuli, romlebzec Tavisuflebis
aRkveTa aris gaTvaliswinebuli, aramed mxolod maTze, romlebic mZime da gansakuTre-
biT mZime danaSaulTa kategoriaSi xvdebian.~14 Tumca, vfiqrob, rom aqve unda iyos daTq-
ma, rom arasrulwlovani, romelic ramdenjermea nasamarTlevi, Tundac naklebad mZime
kategoriis danaSaulis CadenisaTvis da mis mimarT gamoyenebuli sxva alternatiuli,
araTavisuflebis SemzRudveli RonisZiebebi, ar aRmoCnda Semaferxebeli faqtori misi
Semdgomi danaSaulebrivi qmedebebisa, aRniSnuli SesaZloa gaxdes misTvis patimrobis,
rogorc aRkveTis RonisZiebis Sefardebis safuZveli.
aRniSnuli sakiTxis ganxilvisas sayuradReboa Tbilisis saapelacio sasamarTlos
sagamoZiebo kolegiis mier ganxiluli erT-erTi saqme arasrulwlovnis patimrobis Tao-
baze. arasrulwlovans brali edeboda ZarcvisaTvis, ramac mniSvnelovani ziani gamoiwvia
da imis mier, vinc orjer iyo nasamarTlevi sxvisi nivTis marTlsawinaaRmdego misa-
kuTrebisaTvis. braldebis mxaris azriT, sakmaod maRali iyo axali danaSaulis Cadenis
safrTxe, radgan bolo 2 wlis ganmavlobaSi braldebuli araerTxel iyo gasamarTlebu-
li sxvisi sakuTrebis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli danaSaulis CadenisaTvis, imyofeboda piro-
biTi msjavris qveS. mis mimarT sasamarTloSi ganixileboda sisxlis samarTlis saqme
ramdenime epizodSi qurdobis faqtze da im saqmeze Sefardebuli hqonda arasapatimro
aRkveTis RonisZieba. man daarRvia pirobiTi msjavris gamosacdeli vada, aseve daarRvia
sxva saqmeze gamoyenebuli giraos pirobebi. aseve maRali iyo mimalvis safrTxe, vinaidan
arasrulwlovani bolo 1 Tvis ganmavlobaSi ar cxaddeboda probaciis biuroSi, arc
sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvaze da bolo erTi kviris ganmavlobaSi arc sacxovrebel
saxlSi misula. miuxedavad braldebis mxaris mier zemoT moyvanili argumentebisa pa-

12
Tbilisis saapelacio sasamarTlos sagamoZiebo kolegiis ganCineba, #1g/1742-16, 15.11.2016.
13
Tbilisis saapelacio sasamarTlos sagamoZiebo kolegiis ganCineba #1g/1921, 22.12.2016.
14
SalikaSvili m., miqanaZe g., arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajuleba (saxelmZRvanelo), 2016, gv. 185.

105
sisxlis samarTlis aqtualuri sakiTxebi #1

timrobis gamoyenebis safuZvlianobis Sesaxeb, sasamarTlo daeyrdno arasrulwlovan-

Ta adgilobrivi sabWos gadawyvetilebas, romliTac arasrulwlovani ganTavisuflda
pirobiT vadamde, vinaidan igi aqtiurad monawileobda sportul aqtivobebSi, sxvadasxva
saswavlo-saganmanaTleblo RonisZiebaSi, sargeblobda biblioTekiT. agreTve, sasamarT-
lom gaiTvaliswina pedagogis daxasiaTebac, romelic braldebuls aqtiur da niWier
moswavled afasebda. agreTve warmodgenili iyo fsiqologis Sexedulebebi braldebu-
lis pirovnuli Tvisebebis Sesaxeb, romelic miuTiTebda, rom arasrulwlovani ar iyo
konfliqturi da ar avlenda antisocialur qcevebs. `amgvari fsiqologiis arasrulw-
lovnis mimarT, miuxedavad imisa, rom arsebobs garkveuli safrTxeebi sakuTrebis wi-
naaRmdeg mimarTuli danaSaulis Cadenisa, gamoyenebul unda iqnes arasapatimro aRkve-
Tis RonisZieba, miT umetes, rom misi kanonieri warmomadgeneli _ deda mzadaa axali
energiiT Seecados 16 wlis Svilis normalur gzaze dayenebas.~15
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom sasamarTlo praqtikaSi 2016 wlidan moyolebuli, arasrul-
wlovnisTvis patimrobis Sefardeba marTlac ukidures RonisZiebad ganixileba. 2016
wlis 9 Tvis statistikuri monacemebiT, mTeli saqarTvelos masStabiT, arasrulwlo-
vani bradebulebis mimarT aRkveTis RonisZiebis Taobaze sul ganxilul iqna 73 saqme,
aqedan 16 saqmeSi moxda arasrulwlovnisTvis patimrobis Sefardeba, 42 saqmeze _ giraos,
danarCeni sxva aRkveTis RonisZiebebze nawildeba. amasTan, sainteresoa, rom giraos ga-
moyenebis uzrunvelyofis mizniT patimroba Seefarda arasrulwlovans erT saqmeze.
vfiqrob, aRniSnuli SemTxveva problemuria, rasac qvemoT ganvixilav.
`b~ punqti _ patimroba erTaderTi saSualebaa, romelic uzrunvelyofs, rom Tav-
idan iqnes acilebuli arasrulwlovani braldebulis mimalva, mis mier marTlmsaju-
lebis ganxorcielebisaTvis an mtkicebulebebis mopovebisaTvis xelis SeSla an axali
danaSaulis Cadena;
braldebulis Tavisuflebis ufleba gamomdinareobs sisxlis samarTlis saproce-
so kodeqsis me-5 muxlis me-4 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli prezumfciidan: `piri unda
iyos Tavisufali, garda im SemTxvevisa, Tu dadasturda misi dapatimrebis aucileblo-
ba~. `Tavisuflebis prezumfcia gulisxmobs Tavisuflebis SezRudvis SemTxvevebisa da
xangrZlivobis mxolod ukiduresi aucileblobis da minimaluri xangrZlivobiT gamoy-
enebas, sajaro interesis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi, romelsac udanaSaulobis prezumfciis
miuxedavad, SeuZlia gadawonos pirovnebis Tavisuflebis moTxovna.~16 aseT garemoebad
miiCneva mimalvis, mtkicebulebis ganadgurebis, marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebisaTvis
xelis SeSlis, sazogadoebisaTvis aSkara da mniSvnelovani safrTxe, romlis ganeitrale-
ba sxvagvarad SeuZlebelia.17
braldebis mxare mimalvis safrTxes xSirad asabuTebs im faqtoriT, rom, vinaidan
arasrulwlovans brali edeba gansakuTrebiT mZime an mZime danaSaulis CadenaSi, es rele-
vanturi safuZvelia misi mimalvisa. Tumca, pirveli instanciis sasamarTloc da Tbili-
sis saapelacio sasamarTlos sagamoZiebo kolegiac, ganmartaven, rom `mimalvis safrTxis
dasabuTebisas warmodgenili argumentacia ar SeiZleba iyos abstraqtuli da igi unda
gamomdinareobdes mocemuli sisxlis samarTlis saqmis masalebidan.~18
Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa kolegiam 2015 wlis 31

15
Tbilisis saapelacio sasamarTlos sagamoZiebo kolegiis ganCineba 1g/1516. 28.09.2016.
16
8 J.G. v Poland, ECtHR, 06.04.2004, §50,56; Labita v italy, 06.04.2000, §152. ix. fafiaSvili l., TumaniSvili g., kvaWan-
tiraZe d., liparteliani l., dadeSqeliani g., guncaZe S., mezvriSvili n., Toloraia l., saqarTvelos sisx-
lis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis komentari, 2015, gv. 57.
17
fafiaSvili l., TumaniSvili g., kvaWantiraZe d., liparteliani l., dadeSqeliani g., guncaZe S., mezvriSvili
n., Toloraia l., saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis komentari, 2015, gv. 58.
18
Tbilisis saapelacio sasamarTlos sagamoZiebo kolegiis ganCineba 1g/1695, 7.11.2016.

106
arasrulwlovnis patimroba, rogorc ukiduresi RonisZieba _ adamianis uflebaTa evropuli TaTia
sasamarTlosa da saqarTvelos sasamarTloebis praqtikis analizi qvriviSvili

dekembers ganixila Suamdgomloba arasrulwlovani braldebulisaTvis patimrobis gam-

oyenebis Taobaze. braldebis mxaris mtkicebiT, arasrulwlovanma sacxovrebeli adgilis
Secvlis Taobaze policias ar miawoda informacia, igi Tavs aridebda sagamoZiebo or-
ganoSi gamocxadebas, xolo patimrobis gamouyeneblobis SemTxvevaSi, ver iqneboda Tav-
idan acilebuli braldebulis sasamarTloSi gamoucxadeblobis, mowmeebze zemoqmedebis
da axali danaSaulis Cadenis safrTxe. sasamarTlom CaTvala, rom `braldebulis mier
misamarTis Secvla ver CaiTvleba mimalvad, xolo saxelmwifo sazRvris kveTis Sesaxeb
informacia saqmeSi ar devs.~ Sesabamisad, sasamarTlo mivida im daskvnamde, rom ar ar-
sebobda braldebulis mimarT aRkveTis RonisZiebis gamoyenebis formaluri safuZveli.
erT-erT saqmeSi arasrulwlovans, romelsac brali edeboda ssk-is 179-e muxliT
gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulis CadenaSi, braldebis mxaris saCivris mixedviT, arasrulw-
lovnis mimarT patimrobis Sefardebis moTxovnis erT-erTi safuZveli sasjelis simkac-
ris SiSiT mimalvis albaToba iyo. sasamarTlom ar daakmayofila saCivari da ganmarta:
`aucileblad unda iqnes gaTvaliswinebuli, rom braldebuli arasrulwlovania, aris 17
wlis, rac niSnavs, rom igi myarad aris damokidebuli ojaxze rogorc finansurad, ise
emociurad da mimalva pasuxismgeblobis aridebis paralelurad niSnavs, rom arasrul-
wlovanma datovos deda, mama, saxli da ganeridos ojaxur pirobebs da siyvaruls, rac
ar aris advili arc emociurad da arc fizikurad. Sesabamisad, mxolod mkacri sasjeli,
aseT mocemulobaSi ar SeiZleba iyos mimalvis safrTxis Sesafaseblad sakmarisi gare-
moeba~.19
`g~ punqti _ mizani, romelsac arasrulwlovani braldebulis patimroba emsaxureba,
aRemateba misi Tavisuflebis interess.
Tbilisis saapelacio sasamarTlos sagamoZiebo kolegia ganmartavs, rom `kanon-
mdebelma gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba mianiWa arasrulwlovnis Tavisuflebis inter-
esebs, aRniSnuli ar gulisxmobs mis Tavisuflad gadaadgilebas quCaSi da saswavlo
dawesebulebebSi, aq igulisxmeba misi cnobierebis saboloo Camoyalibeba Tavisuflebis
pirobebSi, sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi misi integracia, ganaTlebis miRebis SesaZlebloba
da a.S. swored am yvelafers unda aRematebodes is mizani, risTvisac xdeba arasrulwlo-
vani braldebulis dapatimreba. am procesSi gansakuTrebuli roli aqvs saxelmwifosac.
braldebulis sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebaSi moTavseba ver uzrunvelyofs sasurve-
li Sedegis miRebas bavSvis fsiqologiis normalur ganviTarebaze.~20
arasrulwlovnisaTvis patimrobis Sefardeba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi unda moxdes,
`Tu mis gareSe SeuZlebeli iqneba miRweul iqnes aRkveTis RonisZiebis gamoyenebis mizne-
bi da romelic bavSvis saukeTeso interesebis miuxedavad, aSkarad gadawonis pirovnebis
individualuri Tavisuflebis uflebas, xolo saqmeSi arsebuli relevanturi da
sakmarisi mtkicebulebebiT udavod iqneba dadasturebuli piris TavisuflebaSi Carevis
aucilebloba da garduvaloba.~21
aRemateba Tu ara Tavisuflebis interess arasrulwlovnisaTvis patimrobis Sefar-
debis mizani, aRniSnuli gageba SesaZloa moxdes ori mimarTulebiT: `1. Tanafardobis
principis Sesabamisad unda dadgindes, rom arasrulwlovani braldebulis patimro-
ba mocemul momentSi ufro didi upiratesobiT sargeblobs Tavad braldebulisTvis,
vidre TavisuflebaSi misi darCena.~22 am principTan mimarTebiT sainteresoa 2017 wlis
24 Tebervlis Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos sagamoZiebo da winasasamarTlo sxdomis
kolegiis ganCineba, romlis Tanaxmadac, arasrulwlovans, romelsac wardgenili hqonda
19
Tbilisis saapelacio sasamarTlos sagamoZiebo kolegiis ganCineba, 1g/1635-16, 25.10.2016.
20
Tbilisis saapelacio sasamarTlos sagamoZiebo kolegiis ganCineba, 1g/1635-16, 25.10.2016.
21
Tbilisis saapelacio sasamarTlos sagamoZiebo kolegiis ganCineba, 1g/1479-16, 15.09.2016.
22
SalikaSvili m., miqanaZe g., arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajuleba (saxelmZRvanelo), 2016, gv. 187.

107
sisxlis samarTlis aqtualuri sakiTxebi #1

braldeba ssk-is 177-e muxlis me-2 da me-3 nawilebiT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulebis Ca-
denisaTvis, Seefarda aRkveTis RonisZiebis saxiT patimroba. aRniSnuli ganCineba dacvis
mxaris mier gasaCivrebul iqna Tbilisis saapelacio sasamarTlos sagamoZiebo kolegiaSi,
aRkveTis RonisZiebis gareSe datovebis Sesaxeb TxovniT. Tbilisis saapelacio sasamarT-
lo ganCinebaSi ganmartavs: `arasrulwlovani braldebulisaTvis patimrobis Sefardeba
Zalzed sensitiuri sakiTxia, magram es sulac ar niSnavs imas, rom mis saukeTeso in-
teresebs yvela SemTxvevaSi unda mieniWos upiratesoba sxva sikeTeebTan mimarTebaSi~.23
vinaidan arasrulwlovani did dros atarebda quCaSi arakeTilsaimedo TanatolebTan
erTad, sasamarTlom CaTvala, rom aRniSnuli faqti erTiorad zrdida axali danaSaulis
Cadenis riskebs, rac Sesabamis reagirebas saWiroebda. arasrulwlovnis TavisuflebaSi
datovebiT misi mxridan sxvaTa qonebrivi uflebebis morigi xelyofa garduvali iqnebo-
da. Sesabamisad, arasrulwlovani patimrobaSi darCa.
me-2 mimarTulebaa is garemoeba, rom `patimrobam ar unda gamoiwvios imaze meti
ziani, rasac SeeZlo misTvis TavisuflebaSi yofnas gamoewvia. am mxriv unda aRiniSnos,
rom patimroba mozardisaTvis aris iseTi Sokis momgvreli da Tavzardamcemi, rom yov-
elTvis mZime Sedegebs iwvevs mozardis fsiqikaze. mozardebi mZimed ganicdian maTTvis
sando, nacnobi socialuri garemosagan mowyvetas.~24
sasamarTlom da samarTaldamcavma organoebma yovelTvis unda gaiTvaliswinon,
rom arasrulwlovani sazogadoebis jgufis wevrs warmoadgens, misi ganviTareba damok-
idebulia qveynis socialur, kulturul, sazogadoebriv, ekonomikur da politikur cx-
ovrebaze da maTi zegavlenis erTgvari Sedegia, xolo Tavad arasrulwlovani Zalian
mgrZnobiarea mis garSemo arsebuli emociuri klimatisa da mimdinare movlenebis mimarT.
zogadad, arasrulwlovan damnaSaveebs, gamonaklisis garda, srulwlovan damnaSaveTagan
gansxvavebiT, ar SeuZliaT maT mier Cadenili danaSaulis xasiaTisa da xarisxis mTlianad
srulyofilad gacnobiereba, rac zogierTi mozardis mcire asakis (arasrulwlovnis aR-
qmisa da gagebis unarTan) an arasakmao inteleqtualur momzadebasa da/an gamoucdelo-
basTan aris dakavSirebuli. Sesabamisad, mniSvnelovania, rom saxelmwifom (sasamarTlom,
samarTaldamcavma organoebma) pozitiuri roli iTamaSos kanonTan konfliqtSi myofi
arasrulwlovani damnaSave pirebis xelaxali aRzrdisaTvis xelis Sewyobisa da maTi
resocializacia-reabilitaciis mizniT. amitom, unda aRiniSnos, rom dakaveba da dapa-
timreba, marTalia, savsebiT kanonieri qmedebaa im arasrulwlovanTa mimarT, romelTac
miaRwies sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobis asaks da arsebobs safuZvliani eWvi, rom
Caidines danaSauli, magram es forma (miT umetes aRkveTis RonisZiebis SerCevis etapze)
gamoyenebul unda iqnes mxolod rogorc ukiduresi zoma.25

III. arasrulwlovnisaTvis patimrobis Sefardeba giraos

gamoyenebis uzrunvelsayofad

sainteresoa sakiTxi, Tu ramdenad SeiZleba arasrulwlovans giraos gamoyenebis uz-

runvelsayofad Seefardos patimroba sssk-s me-200 muxlis me-6 nawilis Sesabamisad. aR-
niSnuli sakiTxi ar aris regulirebuli arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kodeqsiT,
Tumca amave kodeqsis me-2 muxlis me-3 nawilis Tanaxmad, arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsa-

23
Tbilisis saapelacio sasamarTlos sagamoZiebo kolegiis ganCineba 1g/346-17, 10.03.2017.
24
Diemer, H./Schatz, H, A./Sonnen, B-R., 2011. S.562. ix. SalikaSvili m., miqanaZe g., arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsa-
juleba (saxelmZRvanelo), 2016, gv. 187.
25
Tbilisis saapelacio sasamarTlos sagamoZiebo kolegiis ganCineba 1g/1479-16, 15.09.2016.

108
arasrulwlovnis patimroba, rogorc ukiduresi RonisZieba _ adamianis uflebaTa evropuli TaTia
sasamarTlosa da saqarTvelos sasamarTloebis praqtikis analizi qvriviSvili

julebis procesSi gamoiyeneba saqarTvelos sxva normatiuli aqtebis debulebebic, Tu

isini ar ewinaaRmdegeba am kodeqss an/da arasrulwlovnisTvis SeRavaTs iTvaliswinebs.
miuxedavad imisa, rom sssk-s zemoaRniSnuli muxli ar iTvaliswinebs SeRavaTs aras-
rulwlovnisaTvis da amasTan, ewinaaRmdegeba amk-s umniSvnelovanes princips, rom aras-
rulwlovnis patimroba gamoyenebul iqnes, rogorc ukiduresi RonisZieba, Tbilisis
saqalaqo sasamarTlos sagamoZiebo da winasasamarTlo sxdomis mosamarTlem 2016 wlis
23 seqtembris ganCinebiT, arasrulwlovan l.b.-s, romelsac brali edeboda 178-e muxlis
me-2 nawilis „a~ qvepunqtiTa da amave muxlis me-4 nawilis `g~ qvepunqtiT gaTvaliswinebu-
li danaSaulis CadenisaTvis, Seufarda girao sapatimro uzrunvelyofiT. aRniSnuli
ganCineba gasaCivrda zemdgom instanciaSi. Tbilisis saapelacio sasamarTlos sagamoZie-
bo kolegiam ganmarta, rom `giraos uzrunvelyofis mizniT aRkveTis RonisZiebis saxiT
patimrobis gamoyenebis SesaZlebloba specifikuri uflebamosilebaa, romelic zustad
unda iqnes gansazRvruli arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kodeqsSi. am mosazre-
bas amZafrebs is garemoebac, rom arasrulwlovans sakuTari Semosavlebi ar gaaCnia da
giraod gadaxdis procesSi is yovelTvis SezRudulia mSoblebis Tu sxva naTesavebis
SesaZleblobebiT, rac maRali albaTobiT misTvis patimrobis Sefardebis tolfasia.
adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos praqtikac giraos uzrunvelyofis mizniT
patimrobis gamoyenebas ar miiCnevs konvenciis me-5 muxlis darRvevad, mxolod kargi
dasabuTebis pirobebSi, aseT mocemulobaSi ki, rodesac specialuri kanoni ar iTval-
iswinebs amgvar SesaZleblobas, amis dasabuTeba SeuZlebeli iqneba.~26 aRniSnul saqmeSi
Tbilisis saapelacio sasamarTlos sagamoZiebo kolegiam arasrulwlovani braldebuli-
saTvis Sefardebuli girao ucvlelad datova, xolo mis uzrunvelsayofad Sefardebu-
li patimroba gaauqma.
yovelive zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, vfiqrob, dauSvebelia arasrulwlovan
braldebulze gavrceldes sssk-s me-200 muxlis me-6 nawilis danawesi da mas Seefardos
patimroba giraos gamoyenebis uzrunvelsayofad.

IV. arasrulwlovanTa patimrobis vadebi

srulwlovnebisagan gansxvavebiT, amk-s 64-e muxlis me-2-me-4 nawilebi arasrulwlo-

vani braldebulebisaTvis patimrobis gansxvavebul vadebs adgens. kerZod, Tu arasrul-
wlovani braldebuli patimaria, winasasamarTlo sxdomamde misi patimrobis saerTo vada
ar unda aRematebodes misi dakavebidan 40 dRes. amasTan, arasrulwlovani braldebulis
patimrobis saerTo vada ar unda aRematebodes 6 Tves.
xangrZliv samarTalwarmoebas SeuZlia mniSvnelovani wnexis qveS moaqcios bral-
debulebi da gaamZafros bundovan momavalTan, msjavrdebis SiSsa da sasjelis gaurkvev-
el simZimesTan dakavSirebuli gancdebi. erovnulma sasamarTlom xazgasmiT aRniSna, rom
zemoaRniSnuli miT umetes, ufro mkafioa arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis saqmee-
bze.27
gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa komiteti rekomendacias uwevs monawile saxelmwifoebs
gaataron Sesabamisi zomebi, raTa uzrunvelyon bavSvebis rac SeiZleba drouli gaTavi-
sufleba winaswari patimrobidan da Tu saWiro gaxda, amisTvis specialuri pirobebic ki
daaweson.
26
Tbilisis saapelacio sasamarTlos sagamoZiebo kolegiis ganCineba 1g/1516. 28.09.2016.
27
Stögmüller v. Austria, ECHR, 10.11.1969, punqti 5; Petrenko v. Russia, 20.01.2011, punqti 47. ix. saqarTveloSi adami-
anis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis gamoyeneba da erovnuli kanonmdeblobisa da sasamarTlo praqtikis
SesabamisobaSi moyvana evropul standartebTan, mWedliZe n., 2017, gv. 130.

109
sisxlis samarTlis aqtualuri sakiTxebi #1

garda amisa, evropis sabWos ministrTa komitetma, 2003 wlis 24 seqtembers, wevri
saxelmwifoebis mimarT miiRo rekomendacia Rec (2003)20 „arasrulwlovanTa damnaSaveo-
basTan mimarTebaSi axali meTodebis gamoyenebasa da arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis
daniSnulebaze~. rekomendaciis miRebis mizani iyo is, rom SesaZloa, mxolod tradiciuli
sisxlis samarTlis sistemebi aRar iZleodes arasrulwlovan damnaSaveebTan mimarTeba-
Si adekvaturi gadawyvetilebis gzebs (ix. rekomendaciis preambula). rekomendacia, inter
alia, saxelmwifoebisgan moiTxovs, rom samarTalwarmoebis TiToeuli etapi maqsimalurad
SemWidroebuli iyos da SeZlebisdagvarad uswrafes vadebSi Catardes. marTlmsajulebis
daCqarebis da efeqtianobis gazrdis RonisZiebebi Tanabarzomier wonasworobaSi unda
iyos samarTliani sasamarTlo procesis moTxovnebTan (rekomendaciis me-14 punqti).
analogiuri moTxovnebia gaTvaliswinebuli „bavSvze orientirebuli marTlmsajulebis
saxelmZRvanelo principebSi~, romlebic evropis sabWos ministrTa komitetis mier 2010
wlis 17 noembers iqna miRebuli.
patimrobis vadis gagrZelebis nebismieri periodi, ganurCevlad misi xangrZlivo-
bisa, moiTxovs uflebamosili erovnuli xelisuflebis saTanado motivacias, romelic
valdebulia, gamoamJRavnos `gansakuTrebuli gulisxmiereba~ am procedurebis ganxor-
cielebisas.28
aseve, sainteresoa bavSvis uflebaTa komitetis rekomendacia sasamarTlo pro-
cesebTan dakavSirebuli dayovnebebis Taobaze, romelic mouwodebs monawile saxelm-
wifoebs miiRon samarTlebrivi zomebi, romlis mixedviTac sasamarTlos/arasrulwlo-
vanTa mosamarTle an sxva kompetenturi organo valdebuli iqneba, miiRos saboloo
gadawyvetileba bavSvisTvis wayenebuli braldebis Sesaxeb saqmis wardgenidan ara ugvi-
anes 6 Tvis ganmavlobaSi. swored aRniSnuli rekomendaciaa asaxuli saqarTvelos aras-
rulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kodeqsSic.

daskvna

daskvnis saxiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom sasamarTlo praqtikis analizi cxadyofs, ada-
mianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos praqtikis msgavsad, erovnuli sasamarTloe-
bis praqtikis imgvarad ganviTarebas, rom arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kodeqsis
ZalaSi Sesvlidan dRemde, patimrobis Sefardeba mxolod sagamonakliso RonisZiebis sax-
iT xdeba. marTalia, arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis procesSi, upirveles yovli-
sa, gaiTvaliswineba arasrulwlovanis saukeTeso interesebi, magram, rogorc `pekinis
wesebis~ me-17 punqtis `a~ q/p-Sia aRniSnuli, zemoqmedebis zomis SerCevisas arasrulw-
lovnis moTxovnebTan erTad, sazogadoebis moTxovnebic unda iqnes gaTvaliswinebuli.
patimrobis gamoyenebis marTlzomierebis Sefasebisas aucilebelia, mxedvelobaSi iqnas
miRebuli saqmesa da braldebulTan dakavSirebiT arsebuli konkretuli da individua-
luri maxasiaTeblebi.
amasTan, vfiqrob, dauSvebelia arasrulwlovnis mimarT aRkveTis RonisZiebis Sefar-
debisas gavrceldes sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis me-200 muxlis me-6 nawili,
romelic iTvaliswinebs giraos gamoyenebis uzrunvelyofis mizniT patimrobis Sefarde-
bas. aRniSnuli ewinaaRmdegeba arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kodeqsis me-2 muxlis
me-3 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebul danawess. arasrulwlovnisaTvis patimrobis Sefardeba

28
Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa kolegiis 2013 wlis 25 ivnisis ganCineba, saqme
#1/70-13. ix., saqarTveloSi adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis gamoyeneba da erovnuli kanonmde-
blobisa da sasamarTlo praqtikis SesabamisobaSi moyvana evropul standartebTan, mWedliZe n., 2017, gv.56.

110
arasrulwlovnis patimroba, rogorc ukiduresi RonisZieba _ adamianis uflebaTa evropuli TaTia
sasamarTlosa da saqarTvelos sasamarTloebis praqtikis analizi qvriviSvili

droebiTi RonisZiebis saxiT giraos gamoyenebis uzrunvelsayofad araa gaTvaliswinebu-

li arc amk-s debulebebiT da arc arasrulwlovnisaTvis SeRavaTs ar iTvaliswinebs
sssk-s me-200 muxlis me-6 nawili. Sesabamisad, dauSvebelia arasrulwlovans giraos gam-
oyenebis uzrunvelyofis mizniT Seefardos patimroba.
misasalmebelia is faqti, rom mas Semdeg, rac arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis
kodeqsi ZalaSi Sevida, arasrulwlovanTa saqmeebis ganxilvisas, erovnuli sasamarTlos
ganCinebebSi ufro da ufro xSirad gvxvdeba adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos
praqtikisa da saerTaSoriso aqtebis citirebebi.
dabolos, `arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajuleba unda iTvlebodes TiToeuli saxelm-
wifos erovnuli ganviTarebis ganuyofel nawilad da iyos yvela arasrulwlovnisaTvis
socialuri marTlmsajulebis yovlismomcvel CarCoSi, rac erTdroulad xels Seuwyobs
axalgazrdebis dacvas da sazogadoebaSi marTlwesrigis SenarCunebas.~29

29
gaeros minimaluri standartuli wesebi arasrulwlovanTa mimarT marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebis Sesa-
xeb (`pekinuri wesebi“), miRebulia generaluri asambleis mier 1985 wlis 29 noembris 40/33 rezoluciiT,
nawili pirveli, 1.4.

111
 advokatis TvaliT danaxuli arasrulwlovanTa
marTlmsajulebis kodeqsi
ioseb gabaraevi
ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis
saxelmwifo universitetis doqtoranti,
goris saxelmwifo saswavlo universitetis mowveuli specialisti,
ssip iuridiuli daxmarebis samsaxuris advokati

Sesavali

saerTaSoriso standartebis Sesabamisi arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kodeqsi

(SemdegSi _ amk), romelic 2015 wlis 12 ivniss mesame mosmeniT iqna miRebuli saqarTvelos
parlamentis mier da 2016 wlis 01 ianvridan amoqmedda, saqarTveloSi ganxorcielebuli
da mimdinare sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobis liberalizaciis mniSvnelovani nawilia.
mTavari, rac amk-s moqmedi Sida kanomdeblobisagan ganasxvavebs, aris is, rom is
efuZneba humanizmis, bavSvis saukeTeso interesebis dacvas, reabilitaciisa da reso-
cializaciis principebs, amkvidrebs novaciebs kanonTan konfliqtSi myofi bavSvebisTvis.
2015 wlis aprilSi, iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis
iuridiuli fakultetis kriminologiis institutis organizebiT Catarda saerTaSor-
iso konferencia arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis Sesaxeb, sadac amk-s jer kidev
proeqti iqna ganxiluli da gaanalizebuli. aRniSnul konferenciaSi monawileobiT, Ses-
aZlebloba momeca warmedgina advokatis TvaliT danaxuli amk-s proeqti, Cemi, rogorc
arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebaSi specializebuli advokatis mosazrebebi da SeniS-
vnebi kodeqsis calkeul debulebebTan mimarTebaSi.
warmodgenil statiaSi damatebiT gaanalizebulia aseve is problemebi, mosazrebebi
da SeniSvnebi, romelic kodeqsis calkeul debulebebTan mimarTebaSi gamoiTqva mul-
tidisciplinaruli uwyebaTSorisi jgufebis Sexvedrebisas monawileTa mxridan, dacvis
uflebis efeqturad ganxorcielebis gzebis SemuSavebaze msjelobisas. sakiTxebi ganxi-
lulia Tanmimdevrulad, amk-s struqturuli Semadgenlobis gaTvaliswinebiT.
pirveli, rac arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kodeqsma principis doneze Se-
mogvTavaza, esaa arasrulwlovnis saukeTeso interesebis cneba. `bavSvis saukeTeso in-
teresebi~ aris bavSvis uflebebis Sesaxeb konvenciis erT-erTi saxelmZRvanelo princi-
pi, romlis gansazRvra unda moxdes yovel individualur SemTxvevaSi, rac warmoadgens
mniSvnelovan process.1
bavSvis saukeTeso interesebi ganimarteba rogorc misi usafrTxoebis, keTildReo-
bis, janmrTelobis dacvis, ganaTlebis, ganviTarebis, resocializacia-reabilitaciisa
da sxva interesebi, romelTa gansazRvra unda moxdes saerTaSoriso standartebisa da
arasrulwlovnis individualuri maxasiaTeblebis Sesabamisad, agreTve misi azris gaT-
1
ix. dawvrilebiT: Handbook for Professionals and Policymakers on Justice Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of
Crime, (UNODC) and (UNICEF), Criminal Justice Handbook Series (United Nations: New York, 2009), pg.5-8.

112
advokatis TvaliT danaxuli arasrulwlovanTa ioseb
marTlmsajulebis kodeqsi gabaraevi

valiswinebiT.2 yoveli gadawyvetilebis miRebis SemTxvevaSi, `bavSvis saukeTeso interesi~

unda Sefasdes, ganisazRvros calkeuli bavSvis konkretul garemoebebze dayrdnobiT da
nebismieri gadawyvetileba unda moergos bavSvis konkretul situaciur saWiroebebs.
bavSvis uflebebis Sesaxeb konvenciis monawile saxelmwifoebs ekisrebaT valdebuleba
daadginon bavSvis WeSmariti interesebi da SeimuSaon saerTaSoriso kanonmdeblobis Se-
sabamisi kanonebi.3
swored aRniSnulma da marTlmsajulebis procesSi arasrulwlovanTa monawileo-
bis maregulirebeli normebis saerTaSoriso standartebTan SesabamisobaSi moyvanis
saWiroebam ganapiroba axali kodeqsis miReba. mTel am process ki safuZvlad daedo
arasrulwlovnis saukeTeso interesebis dasacavad saWiro sakanonmdeblo garantiebis
ararseboba, arasrulwlovnis gansakuTrebul fizikur da fsiqikur mdgomareobasTan Se-
usabamo, araefeqturi samarTlebrivi sistema, romelic Sedegze ar iyo orientirebuli.
arsebuli kanonmdebloba ar uTmobda sakmaris yuradRebas arasrulwlovnis saukeTeso
interesebs, ar iTvaliswinebda sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis alternatiuli zomebis up-
iratesobas, arasrulwlovani mowmisa da dazaralebulis dacvis saTanado meqanizmebs da
sxva saxelmwifoTa4 praqtikisgan gansxvavebiT saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobaSi ar arsebob-
da arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis maregulirebeli specialuri normatiuli aqti,
romelic gaaerTianebda marTlmsajulebis procesSi arasrulwlovnis monawileobis Ses-
axeb arsebul specifikur wesebs da gaamartivebda maT aRqmas.
arasrulwlovnebis mimarT gansakuTrebuli damokidebulebis aucilebloba aRiare-
bul iqna jer kidev 1924 wels, bavSvis uflebebis Sesaxeb Jenevis deklaraciiT, arasrul-
wlovnebis mimarT gansakuTrebuli damokidebulebis sakiTxs exeba mravali mniSvnelovani
saerTaSoriso dokumenti, romelTa debulebebsac daeyrdno winamdebare kodeqsi, maT
Soris: bavSvis uflebebis Sesaxeb gaeros generaluri asambleis deklaracia (1959), bavSvis
uflebaTa konvencia (1989) da misi damatebiTi oqmi (2000), arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsa-
julebis ganxorcielebis gaeros minimaluri standartuli wesebi (pekinis wesebi) (1985),
arasrulwlovani mowmisa da dazaralebulis marTlmsajulebis saxelmZRvanelo princi-
pebi (2005), TavisuflebaaRkveTili arasrulwlovnebis dacvis gaeros wesebi (havanas we-
sebi) (1990), arasrulwlovanTa samarTaldarRvevebis prevenciis gaeros saxelmZRvanelo
principebi (er-riadis wesebi) (1990), sxvadasxva saerTaSoriso organizaciis wesdebebi da
sxva mniSvnelovani dokumentebi. marTalia, manamde arsebuli kanonmdebloba nawilobriv
ukve iTvaliswinebda specifikur midgomas arasrulwlovnebis mimarT, Tumca saerTaSo-
riso standartebi gacilebiT maRalia da maTTan SesabamisobisTvis aucilebeli gaxda
erTiani specialuri sakanonmdeblo aqtis Camoyalibeba. gaerTianebuli erebis organi-
zacias SemuSavebuli aqvs ori modeluri kanoni _ „marTlmsajuleba kanonTan konfliqt-
Si myofi arasrulwlovnebis saqmeebze~5 (arasrulwlovnebis marTlmsajulebis Sesaxeb
modeluri kanoni) da „sisxlis samarTlis marTlmsajuleba arasrulwlovani mowmisa da
dazaralebulis monawileobiT~6 (arasrulwlovani mowmisa da dazaralebulis modeluri
kanoni) _ im mizniT, rom daexmaros wevr saxelmwifoebs saerTaSoriso moTxovnebTan Se-
sabamisi amk-s miRebaSi.
2
ix. ganmartebiTi baraTi saqarTvelos kanonis arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kodeqsis proeqtze
3
konvencia bavSvis uflebebis Sesaxeb - (CRC), muxli 4.
4
germania, serbeTi, holandia, italia, da a.S.
5
Justice in Matters Involving Children in Conflict with the Law, Model Law on Juvenile Justice and Related Commentary, United
Nations: New York, 2013. < https://www.unodc.org/documents/justice-and-prison-reform/Justice_Matters_Involving-Web_ver-
sion.pdf > [11.04.2017].
6
Justice in Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime, Model Law on Justice in Matters involving Child Victims and
Witnesses of Crime, United Nations: New York, 2009. <http://www.unodc.org/documents/justice-and-prison-reform/Justice_in_
matters...pdf >[11.04.2017].

113
sisxlis samarTlis aqtualuri sakiTxebi #1

kodeqsi procesis mwarmoebels avaldebulebs gadawyvetilebis miRebisas maqsimal-

uri efeqturobiT, upiratesad gaiTvaliswinos arasrulwlovnis saukeTeso interesebi
da is individualuri midgomebi, romelic mimarTulia arasrulwlovani braldebulis
sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis alternatiuli zomebis gamoyenebasTan. kodeqsi
mosamarTles aniWebs farTo uflebamosilebas gadawyvetilebis miRebisas. sasamarTlo
procesSi monawile arasrulwlovani braldebulisTvis uzrunvelyofilia misi mSoblebis
da sxva axlo naTesavebis monawileoba, SeTavazebulia aseve patimrobis gaumjobesebu-
li pirobebi. arasrulwlovnis gansakuTrebuli fizikuri da fsiqikuri mdgomareobis
gaTvaliswinebiT kodeqsi ayalibebs specifikur midgomas mis mimarT da orientirebu-
lia mis saukeTeso interesebze. Sesabamisad, yvela SesaZlo SemTxvevaSi xazgasmulia,
rom, upirveles yovlisa, mxedvelobaSi miiReba arasrulwlovnis saukeTeso interesebi.
am midgomis erT-erTi mizezi aseve aris arasrulwlovnis Semdgomi resocializaciis
simartive msubuqi zomebis gamoyenebiT, ramdenadac arasrulwlovans ar aqvs ganviTareba
dasrulebuli da misi fsiqika jer isev Camoyalibebis procesSia. swored amitom, mis-
ive gamosworebisTvis, umjobesia, sasamarTloSi saqmiswarmoebis sanacvlod gamoyenebul
iqnes sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis alternatiuli meqanizmi.
amk gamoiyeneba yvela im SemTxvevaSi, roca marTlmsajulebis procesSi monawileobs
kanonTan konfliqtSi myofi arasrulwlovani, arasrulwlovani mowme an/da dazarale-
buli. Tumca, mTavari siaxle, rasac axali kodeqsi gvTavazobs, aris is, rom kodeqsi
gamoiyeneba maSinac, roca danaSaulis Cadena xdeba 18-dan 21 wlamde pirebis mier. aras-
rulwlovnebis marTlmsajulebis Sesaxeb modeluri kanonis komentarebis Tanaxmad,7 nei-
ro-mecnieruli kvlevebiTa da adamianis Tavis tvinis ganviTarebis Seswavlis Sedegad
dadginda, rom realurad Zalian rTulia dadgindes gansxvaveba mozrdili bavSvisa (`older
child~) da axalgazrda zrdasrulis (`young adult~) Tavis tvinebs Soris, ris gamoc evro-
puli saxelmwifoebis umetesoba ukve avrcelebs arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebas
18-dan 21 wlamde asakis pirebze. evrosabWos ministrTa komitetis mosazrebiT, imis gaT-
valiswinebiT, rom gardamavali periodi bavSvobidan zrdasrulobaSi sakmaod xangrZliv-
ia, garkveul SemTxvevebSi SesaZlebeli unda iyos 18-dan 21 wlamde asakis axalgazrda
zrdasrulebze imave wesebis gavrceleba, rac gaTvaliswinebulia arasrulwlovnebisT-
vis.8 arasrulwlovani brldebulis, mowmis an dazaralebulis monawileobiT warmarTu-
li procesi iwarmoebs upirvelesad amk-iT dadgenili wesebis Sesabamisad. Tumca aseve
SesaZlebelia arasrulwlovnis WeSmariti ineteresebis dacviT, gamoyenebul iqnes sxva
Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi normebic, Tu isini ar movlen winaaRmdegobaSi amk-sTan.

1. arasrulwlovanis saproceso ufleba ufaso iuridiul daxmarebaze

amk-is me-15 muxli, sisxlis samarTlis saqmis samarTalwarmoebis nebismier stadi-

aze, braldebuli da dazaralebuli arasrulwlovnisTvis iTvaliswinebs ufaso iurid-
iuli daxmarebiT sargeblobis uflebas. am uflebiT SezRuduli sargeblobis danawe-
sia SemoTavazebuli arasrulwlovani mowmis SemTxvevaSi, rac arasrulwlovani mowmis
gadaxdisunarianobaSi vlindeba. sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, aseTi uflebiT sargebloba Seu-
Zlia mxolod gadaxdisuunaro arasrulwlovan mowmes, isic misi Tanxmobis SemTxvevaSi,
vinaidan me-15 muxlSi saubaria uflebiT sargeblobaze da es Canaweri ar aris imper-
7
ix. sqolio 5.
8
Explanatory memorandum on Recommendation CM/Rec (2003) 20 of the Committee of Ministers to member States concerning
new ways of dealing with juvenile delinquency and the role of juvenile justice,Paragraph 11, pg18-19. <www.legislationline.org/
documents/id/8024 > [04.02.3017]

114
advokatis TvaliT danaxuli arasrulwlovanTa ioseb
marTlmsajulebis kodeqsi gabaraevi

atiuli xasiaTis. arasrulwlovnis mier iuridiuli daxmarebiT sargeblobis uflebis

SezRudva gadaxdisunarianobis kriteriumiT, Seicavs diskriminaciis elementebs da sxva
araferia, Tu ara gansxvavebuli mopyroba gadaxdisuunaro da gadaxdisunariani aras-
rulwlovnebis mimarT. sakiTxis gadawyvetisas unda isargeblos Tu ara arasrulwlovama
mowmem ufaso iuridiuli daxmarebis uflebiT, amosavali wertili unda iyos bavSvis
arasrulwlovneba da ara misi qonebrivi SesaZlebloba.
garda amisa, me-15 muxlis pirveli nawilis bolo winadadeba ewinaaRdegeba amave kan-
onis 29-e muxlis meore nawils, saidanac vkiTxulobT, rom `arasrulwlovnis mimarT
Catarebul nebismier saproceso moqmedebas eswreba misi advokati.~ arasrulwlovanSi ki
am kanonis me-3 muxlis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad, am kanonis miznebisTvis igulisxmeba
Tvramet wlamde mowmec gadaxdisunarianobis miuxedavad.
arsebuli formiT amk-is me-15 muxlis Canaweri ar emsaxureba arasrulwlovnis WeS-
marit interess da SesaZloa, droTa ganmavlobaSi Zveli praqtikis mankieri mxaris wamax-
alisebel garemoebad iqces; vinaidan, sruliad SesaZlebelia gadaxdisunariani arasrul-
wlovani mowmis saxiT gamokiTxvis Semdgom moxdes misi dakaveba, ris Semdgomac, misTvis
rogorc ukve braldebulisTvis, damcvelis daniSvnam SesaZloa mniSvneloba dakargos
da gamousworebeli zianis momtani iyos bavSvis WeSmariti interesebisTvis. Tu arasru-
wlovani mowme (zog SemTxvevaSi potenciuri braldebuli) iqneba gadaxdisunariani da ar
moiwvevs damcvels SeTanxmebiT, gamodis, rom misi gamokiTxva da sxvadasxva sagamoZiebo
moqmedebaSi (mag: amocnoba, sagamoZiebo eqsperimenti da a.S.) monawileoba SesaZlebeli
iqneba damcvelis savaldebulo monawileobis gareSe, rac gazrdis braldebis mxaris sa-
sargeblo informaciis mopovebis SesaZleblobas. arasrulwlovani mowmis monawileobiT
Catarebul sagamoZiebo moqmedebebSi mxolod kanonieri warmomadgenlis monawileoba,
ver uzrunvelyofs mas samarTlebrivi daxmarebiT, vinaidan mis monawileobas mxolod
emociuri stabilurobis garantis mniSvneloba aqvs.9 pirveladi (mowmis saxiT) infor-
maciis micemisas ki SesaZlebelia xelyofil iqnes arasrulwlovanis WeSmariti interesi,
Tuki misi gamokiTxva moxdeba damcvelis monawiloebis gareSe, rac, pirvel rigSi, ewi-
naaRmdegeba am kodeqsis me-5 muxls da bavSvis WeSmarit interess.
sasurvelia, arasrulwlovan mowmes, miuxedavad gadaxdisunarianobisa, mieces damcv-
elis momsaxurebiT sargeblobis ufleba, raTa mowme daculi iyos kanoniT. gadaxdis-
unariani arasrulwlovani mowme, romelic ver isargeblebs advokatiT rogorc mowme,
braldebulad cnobis SemTxvevaSi mainc saxelmwifos xarjze dacvas daeqvemdebareba.
uwyebaTaSorisi multidisciplinaruli jgufis Sexvedrisas10 analogiurad gadawyda
xsenebuli sakiTxi da gaica rekomendacia, rom sakiTxis kanonmdeblobiT daregulirebam-
de, mowmes mainc daeniSnos advokati iuridiuli daxmarebis samsaxuridan socialurad
daucvelis statusis miuxedavad, maSin, roca arasrulwlovan mowmes sasamarTlos Sexed-
ulebiT aSkarad esaWiroeba samarTlebrivi dacva da igi acxadebs, rom amis saSualeba ar
gaaCnia. dacvis ufleba garantirebulia konstituciiT da sasamarTlo viwrod, mxolod
gadaxdisuunarobis kriteriumis farglebSi ver ganmartavs am uflebas. Tumca aRniSnu-
li midgoma mTlad ver agvarebs problemas gamoZebis etapze da zemoaRniSnuli Canaweri
Sedavebis safuZvels uspobs dacvis mxares.

9
SalikaSvili m., miqanaZe g., arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajuleba, meore gamocema, Tb., fraiburgi, stras-
burgi, 2016, gv 89.
10
2016 wlidan gaeros bavSvTa fondis (UNICEF) organizebiT, urTierTTanamSromlobis farglebSi period-
ulad imarTeba uwyebaTaSorisi (sasamarTlo, prokuratura, Sss, iuridiuli daxmarebis samsaxuri, pro-
baciis erovnuli saagento, danaSaulis prevenciis centri da a.S.) multidisciplinuri Sexvedrebi, rom-
lis mTavari mizani amk-s praqtikaSi gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebuli problemebis analizi, rekomendaciebis
SemuSaveba da amk-s ukeT danergvis xelSewyobaa.

115
sisxlis samarTlis aqtualuri sakiTxebi #1

2. arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis procesis

mwarmoebeli pirebis specializacia

axali kodeqsis mniSvnelovan siaxles warmoadgens arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsaju-

lebis procesSi monawile pirebis savaldebulo specializacia. aRniSnuli asaxulia
bavSvTa uflebebis dacvis sferoSi moqmed araerT saerTaSoriso-samarTlebriv normaSi,
maT Soris arasrulwlovnebis marTlmsajulebis Sesaxeb modelur kanonsa da bavSvis
uflebaTa komitetis zogad komentar #10-Si, romelic rekomendacias uwevs saxelmwi-
foebs, rom arasrulwlovnebisTvis Seqmnan calke sasamarTloebi, xolo, sadac es Seu-
Zlebelia, unda uzrunvelyon arasrulwlovanTa saqmeebis gansaxilvelad specialize-
buli mosamarTleebis daniSvna. arasrulwlovnebis marTlmsajulebis Sesaxeb modeluri
kanoni calsaxad uTiTebs, rom arasrulwlovanTan momuSave specialists (pirs, romel-
sac Tavisi samsaxurebrivi uflebamosilebis farglebSi Sexeba aqvs arasrulwlovanTan)
gavlili unda hqondes Sesabamisi specializaciis kursi. kanoni moiTxovs, rom arasrulw-
lovanTa saqmeebi unda awarmoon arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebaSi specializebulma
prokurorebma, policielebma da advokatebma, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi arauflebamosili
piris mier Catarebuli sagamoZiebo moqmedebebi da miRebuli Sedegebi dauSvebel mtkice-
bulebad CaiTvleba. aseve, arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebaSi specializebuli unda
iyos socialuri muSaki, mediatori, probaciis oficeri, arasrulwlovanTa sareabilita-
cio dawesebulebisa da patimrobis Sesabamisi dawesebulebis personali.
miuxedavad sakiTxis amgvarad gadawyvetisa, arsebobs araerTgvarovani praqtika sp-
cializaciis kuTxiT, roca sakiTxi exeba 18-21 wlamde pirebs. sasamarTloebi zog SemTx-
vevaSi uniSnaven specializebul advokats, zog SemTxvevaSi sxvagvarad ganmartaven da
uTiTeben amk-s me-2 muxlis Sinaarsze, sadac konkretulad aRwerilia is muxlebi (15 (1)
da 38-48-e muxlebi), romlebic vrceldeba am asakobriv kategoriaze. uwyebebis umravle-
soba da maT Soris saerTaSoriso eqspertic11 Tvlis, rom am asakobriv zRvarze ar unda
gavrceldes monawile pirTa, maT Soris advokatis savaldebulo specializacia.
zogadad, arasrulwlovnis (dazaralebuli, mowme, braldebuli) gamokiTxvas an da-
kiTxvas ver moaxdens araspecializebuli advokati. am sakiTxzec moiZebna gamosavali
da sasamarTlos mier dadginda swori samarTlebrivi praqtika, romlis arsi mdgomare-
obs SemdegSi: amk-s Tanaxmad, dazaralebuli bavSvis advokati aucileblad unda iyos
specializebuli. mowme bavSvs SeiZleba hyavdes advokati, Tu gadaxdisuunaroa da isic
specializebuli. Tu zrdasrul braldebuls ar hyavs specializebuli advokati iseT
saqmeze, sadac aseve monawileobas iRebs arasrulwlovani dazaralebuli/mowme, is ver
dahkiTxavs dazaralebul bavSvs. amitom braldebulis interesia yavdes an damatebiT
aiyvanos specializebuli advokati (an sasamarTlo dauniSnavs), romelic araspeciali-
zebul advokatTan dasasmeli sakiTxebis Sesaxeb gaivlis konsultacias da dahkiTxavs
dazaralebul an mowme bavSvs. amis Semdeg, specializebuli advokati SeiZleba Ca-
moscildes saqmes, an braldebulis surviliT bolomde mihyves mas ZiriTad advokatTan
erTad.
Tumca praqtikas axsovs SemTxvevebi, roca saqmeze, sadac figurirebda arasrulw-
lovani dazaralebuli an mowme, sasamarTlos mier moxda srulwlovani braldebulis
araspecializebuli advokatis Camocileba mTliani saqmis ganxilvis procesidan, rac

11
mosamarTle renata vinteri, saqarTveloSi evrokavSiris proeqtis „sisxlis samarTlis sistemis re-
formis mxardaWera saqarTveloSi“ xelmZRvaneli; gaeros bavSvTa uflebebis dacvis komitetis wevri,
vice-prezidenti.

116
advokatis TvaliT danaxuli arasrulwlovanTa ioseb
marTlmsajulebis kodeqsi gabaraevi

warmoadgens dacvis uflebis xelyofas12 da braldebulis uflebis SezRudvas, moiwvi-

os damcveli sakuTari survilis Sesabamisad; an piriqiT, yofila SemTxveva, roca aras-
rulwlovani dazaralebulisTvis daniSnuli specializebuli damcvelisTvis sasamarT-
los savaldebulo wesiT dauvaldebulebia yvela sxdomaze daswreba, miuxedvad imisa
iyo Tu ara amgvari gadawyvetileba arasrulwlovani mowmis an dazaralebulis pro-
cesSi monawileobiT ganpirobebuli; an kidev, zogierT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo miiC-
nevs, rom srulwlovani braldebulis monawileobiT, mis mimarT saproceso SeTanxmebis
Sesaxeb Suamdgomlobis ganxilvis sxdomaze unda eswrebodes arasrulwlovani dazara-
lebulis damcveli an/da kanonieri warmomadgeneli, miuxedavad maT mier saproceso Se-
TanxmebasTan mimarTebaSi winaswar dadebiTi poziciis werilobiT dafiqsirebisa, rac
udavod warmoadgens saxelmwifo resursis aradaniSnulebisamebr xarjvas da amgvari
gadawyvetilebebi araa nakarnaxevi arasrulwlovnis saukeTeso interesebis dacviT. ma-
Sin, roca saproceso SeTanxmeba warmoadgens swrafi marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebis
uzrunvelyofis saSualebas da dazaralebulis poziciis gaTvaliswinebiT, ukve arsebobs
saproceso SeTanxmeba braldebulsa da bralmdebels13 Soris, sasamarTlos mier sapro-
ceso SeTanxmebis Sesaxeb Suamdgomlobis ganxilvis procesSi monawileobis misaRebad,
arasrulwlovani dazaralebulis kanonieri warmomadgenlis an/da misi specializebuli
advokatis savaldebulo CarTva formalur xasiaTs atarebs, ar emsaxureba arasrulw-
lovnis WeSmariti interesebis dacvas da sasamarTlos drois resursis aradaniSnulebi-
samebr xarjvis gziT aferxebs swrafi marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebis process.
specializebuli damcvelis daniSvnasTan dakavSirebiT problemuria 18-21 wlamde
braldebulisTvis damcvelis daniSvna. arsebuli sakanonmdeblo regulaciis gaTvalis-
winebiT, sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb, Tu ramdenad savaldebuloa 18-21 wlamde braldebuls
hyavdes advokati saxelmwifos xarjze, damokidebulia braldebulis survilze, romlis
werilobiTi gamoxatuleba Tan unda erTvodes gamoZiebis procesis mwarmoebli gamomZie-
blis, prokuroris gadawyvetilebas advokatis saxelmwifos xarjze daniSvnis Sesaxeb,
winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi 18-21 wlamde braldebuls advokati iuridiuli daxmarebis sam-
saxuris Sesabamisi teritoriuli erTeulidan ar daeniSneba. sasamarTlos mier damcv-
elis daniSvnisas ki sakmarisia 18-21 wlamde braldebulis sasamarTloSi gacxadebuli
survili, isargeblos saxelmwifos xarjze damcvelis momsaxurebiT.
amasTan, araa savaldebulo, rom 18-21 wlamde braldebuls daeniSnos specializebu-
li advokati (maT Soris ganridebis gamoyenebis sakiTxis ganxilvisas), Tumca mosamarT-
leTa nawili miiCnevs, rom amiT ikargeba amk-s is ZiriTadi sakanomdeblo novatoruli
idea da kanonmdeblis suliskveTeba, rac Tavis droze safuZlad daedo rogorc am ko-
deqsis miRebas, ise amk-iT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi kodeqsis calkeuli normebis
gavrcelebas mocemul asakobriv jgufze.
sainteresoa amk-s regulacia 18 wels gadacilebuli mozardisTvis specializebuli
advokatis daniSvnasTan dakavSirebiT. amk-s me-20 muxlis Tanaxmad, arasrulwlovanis
saqmes awarmoebs mxolod marTlmsajulebaSi specializebuli advokati; amk-s meore mux-
lis pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad ki, amk 18-21 wlamde pirebze vrceldeba me-15 muxlis pir-
veli nawiliT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi Tu is braldebulia, rac gulisxmobs ufaso
iuridiuli daxmarebis uflebiT sargeblobas. Sesabamisad, kanoni ar iTxovs procesis
mwarmoeblisagan da savaldebulo ar aris 18-21 wlamde piris dacva ganaxorcielos aras-
rulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebaSi specializebulma advokatma.
12
adamianis uflebaTa da ZriTad TavisuflebaTa dacvis konvencia, muxli 6, 3/c.
13
ganskuTrebiT sayuradReboa kanoniT gaTaliswinebuli is sagamonakliso SemTxvevebi, roca, kanonis moTx-
ovnaTa sruli dacviT saproceso SeTanxmebis dadeba saWiroebs mTavari prokuroris an misi moadgilis
Tanxmobas.

117
sisxlis samarTlis aqtualuri sakiTxebi #1

sakiTxi sxvagvarad unda gadawydes maSin, roca saqme exeba 18-21 wlamde asakis piris
mimarT ganridebis gamoyenebis sakiTxis ganxilvas. amk-s me-2 muxlis pirveli nawilis Ta-
naxmad, am kodesis 38-48-e muxlebiT dadgenili normebis moqmedeba vrceldeba agreTve
18-21 wlamde asakis pirze, Tu ganridebis gamoyenebis winapirobebTan erTad arsebobs
dasabuTebuli varaudi, rom man Caidina saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT gaT-
valiswinebuli naklebad mZime an mZime danaSauli, rac TavisTavad gulisxmobs mis (18-21
wlamde asakis piris) uflebriv gaTanabrebas arasrulwlovanTan ganridebis gamoyenebis
sakiTxis ganxilvisa da gadawyvetis dros, miT umetes, rom ganridebis zogad wesebs ad-
gens sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 1681-1682-e muxlebi. sxvagvari ganmartebiT,
arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis procesSi aRniSnuli sakanonmdeblo novaciis dan-
ergva azrs dakagavs, Tu mxolod normis sityvasityviTi ganmartebiT da sakiTxisadmi
formaluri midgomiT moxdeba amk-s debulebebis garvceleba 18-21 wlamde asakis pirTa
mimarT.14
18-21 wlamde asakis pirebis uflebrivi gaTanabreba arasrulwlovnebTan niSnavs imas,
rom ganridebis sakiTxis ganxilvisa da gadawyvetis dros isini unda sargeblobdnen imave
midgomebiT, rogorc arasrulwlovnebi. ganridebis sakiTxis ganxilva da gadawyveta unda
moxdes maTi saukeTeso interesebis, maT Soris amk-s 27-e muxlis Tanaxmad momzadebuli
individualuri angariSis savaldebulo gaTvaliswinebiT.15
amk-s me-3 muxlis meeqvse nawilis da am kodeqsis mesame Tavis Tanaxmad, kanonis imper-
atiul moTxovnas warmoadgens 18-21 wlamde pirebis mimarT ganridebis sakiTxis ganxil-
va-gadawyvetisas specializebuli pirebis savaldebulo monawileoba, TviT aseTi pire-
bis saukeTeso interesebidan da am kodeqis 38-48-e muxlebis miznebidan gamomdinare.
vinaidan 18-21 wlamde pirebi gansakuTrebulad saWiroeben maTi ganviTarebis Sesabamis
dacvas, swored amitom ar SeiZleba maT iseve moepyran rogorc zrdasrulebs. roca
isini xvdebian marTlmsajulebis sistemaSi, aucilebelia procesis mwarmoebelma pireb-
ma gaacnobieron, rom isini gansxvavdebian zrdasruli adamianebisagan da marTlmsaju-
lebis ganxocielebis yvela etapze, yvela monawilis prioriteti unda iyos aseTi pirebis
saukeTeso/WeSmariti interesebis dacva, romelic gulisxmobs sakiTxis ganxilvas ro-
gorc amk-s kodeqsis moTxovnebis farglebSi, ise misi farglebis miRma.
arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebis procesSi didi mniSvneloba
eniWeba prokuroris profesiuli kvalifikaciis amaRlebas da saeqsperto momzadebas
arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis sferoSi, imdenad, ramdenadac, saqarTvelos SemTx-
vevaSi, ganridebis gamoyenebis SesaZleblobis ganxilva da gadawyveta rogorc arasrul-
wlovnebisTvis, ise 18-21 wlamde pirebisTvis, swored prokuroris diskreciul ufleba-
mosilebas ganekuTvneba. `diskreciuli uflebamosilebis ganmxorcielebel pirebs unda
hqondeT Sesabamisi kvalifikacia..., raTa maT gamoiyenon diskreciuli uflebamosileba
keTilgonivrulad maTi funqciebisa da mandatis gaTvaliswinebiT.~16
praqtikaSi xSiria SemTxveva, roca 18-21 wlamde pirebis mimarT ganirdebis gamoyenebis
an gamoyenebaze uaris Tqmis procesSi monawiloebs araspecializebuli prokurori, rac
warmoadgens rogorc amk-s, ise zemoaRniSnuli sxvadasxva saerTaSoriso-samarTlebrivi
normebis moTxovnaTa upirobo daRvevas; Tu ar iqna prokuroris, rogorc diskreciuli
uflebamosilebis ganmxorcielebeli piris saTanado specializacia da profesionalizmi
arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis sferoSi, ver iqneba daculi balansi diskreciuli
uflebamosilebiT borotad sargeblobasa da axalgazrda/mozardi samarTaldamrRvevis
saukeTeso interesebis dacvas Soris.
14
goris raionuli sasamarTlos ganCieba, 09.03.2016, saqme #1/83-16.
15
arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kodeqsi, muxli 38, nawili 3.
16
`arasrulwlovanTa mimarT marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebis Sesaxeb“ gaeros minimaluri standartuli
wesebi (e.w. ,,pekinuri wesebi“), nawili pirveli, muxli 6.3.

118
advokatis TvaliT danaxuli arasrulwlovanTa ioseb
marTlmsajulebis kodeqsi gabaraevi

3. individualuri angariSi

imisaTvis, rom arasrulwlovanTa monawileobiT samarTalwarmoebis procesi iyos

bavSvze orientirebuli da mareabilitirebeli daniSnulebis, kanoni ayalibebs special-
ur midgomebs da procesis mwarmoebels avaldebulebs, sisxlis samarTlis procesis
sxvadasxva stadiaze mimarTos da moipovos individualuri angariSi, Sesabamisi orga-
nos mier arasrulwlovnis ganviTarebis donis, cxovrebis, aRzrdisa da ganviTarebis
pirobebis, ganaTlebis, janmrTelobis mdgomareobis, ojaxuri viTarebis da sxva gare-
moebebis, Seswavlis safuZvelze. individualuri Sefasebis angariSSi unda aisaxos aseve
arasrulwlovnis gansakuTrebuli saWiroebebi, danaSaulis, samarTaldarRvevis Cadenis
riski da Sesabamisad, misi ganviTarebisa da sazogadoebaSi integraciis xelSewyobisaTvis
rekomendebuli RonisZiebebi. arasrulwlovnis saukeTeso interesi moiTxovs, rom mis
mimarT miRebuli yvela gadawyvetileba unda Seesabamebodes da efuZnebodes individua-
luri Sefasebis angariSs. Sesabamisad, angariSi unda momzaddes yvela im saqmis adreul
etapze, romelic ganridebis gamoyenebis (maT Soris 18-21 wlamde pirebze) formalur
kriteriumebs akmayofilebs. ganridebis winapirobebis ararsebobis SemTxvevaSi, aRkve-
Tis RonisZiebis sakiTxis ganxilvisas, individualuri angariSis ar arseboba SesaZlebe-
lia Canacvldes advokatis mier nebismieri iseTi informaciis sasamarTloSi werilobiTi
wardgenis gziT, rac daexmareba sasamarTlos arasrulwlovnis interesebze morgebuli
gadawyvetilebis miRebaSi.
miuxedavad imisa, rom dacvis mxare araa uflebamosili uSualod mimarTos da moipo-
vos kompetenturi organoebisagan individualuri Sefasebis angariSi, advokats ufleba
aqvs da valdebulicaa efeqturi dacvis gansaxorcieleblad, iTanamSromlos individu-
aluri angariSis Semdgen pirebTan da miawodos nebismieri informacia arasrulwlovnis
pirovnebis, cxovrebisa da aRzrdis pirobebis Sesaxeb. es informacia daexmareba Sesa-
bamis socialur muSaks srulyofili angariSis SedgenisaTvis relevanturi informaci-
is SegrovebaSi. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu individualur angariSSi advokati aRmoaCens raime
uzustobas arasrulwlovnis maxasiaTeblebis Sesaxeb, igi uflebamosilia am uzustob-
is aRmofxvris mizniT, miiRos yvela zoma da gamoZiebis mwarmoebels an sasamarTlos
warudginos Sesabamisi informacia.

4. arasrulwlovanTa sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis

alternatiuli meqanizmebi

arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis liberalizaciis gamovlinebas warmoadgens

arasrulwlovanTa sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxisgeblobisgan ganrideba-mediacia Sesa-
bamisi programebis gamoyenebis gziT. ganrideba da mediacia mTlianad eyrdnoba aRdgen-
iTi marTlmsajulebis koncefcias, romelic maqsimalurad iTvaliswinebs rogorc ssk-is
Sesabamisi muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli qmedebis Camdeni arasrulwlovnis, ise dazaralebu-
lis interesebs da tradiciuli marTlmsajulebisagan gansxvavebiT, romelic ZiriTadad
danaSaulis dadgenasa da dasjazea orientirebuli, mimarTulia, pirvel rigSi, prob-
lemis mogvarebisken, dialogisa da molaparakebis gziT zianis anazRaurebisa da mxaree-
bis Serigebisken.17 swored amitom, arasrulwlovnis mimarT, pirvel rigSi, ganixileba
misi sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobisgan ganridebis, ganridebis da mediaciis an
aRdgeniTi marTlmsajulebis RonisZiebis gamoyenebis SesaZlebloba da fasdeba, ukeT
17
SalikaSvili m., 2013, gv. 8; TumaniSvili, g., 2013. gv. 255

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sisxlis samarTlis aqtualuri sakiTxebi #1

moemsaxureba Tu ara ganrideba an aseTi RonisZieba arasrulwlovnis resocializacia-re-

abilitaciisa da axali danaSaulis Tavidan acilebis miznebs, sisxlissamarTlebrivi pa-
suxismgeblobis dakisrebasa da sasjelis gamoyenebasTan SedarebiT.
arasrulwlovanTa stigmatizaciis Tavidan acilebis mizniT, arasrulwlovanTa dam-
naSaveobis winaaRmdeg brZolis gansakuTrebul, efeqtur saSualebad miCneulia samar-
Talwarmoebis Sewyveta calkeuli kategoriis danaSaulebis Camdeni samarTaldamrRvevi
pirebis mimarT, romelic unda ganxorcieldes arasrulwlovnis uflebebSi minimaluri
Carevis principis dacviT. iTvleba, rom arasrulwlovanTa dacva da ganrideba sisxlis
samarTlis marTlmsajulebis sistemisagan, maRali albaTobiT Seamcirebs danaSaulebriv
saqmianobaSi maTi Semdgomi monawileobis intesivobasa da xelaxal CarTulobas.18
arasrulwlovnis ganridebaze uari unda dasabuTdes. gadawyvetilebaSi upirveles
yovlisa, unda mieTiTos Tu ratom ver iqneba miRweuli resocializaciis da axali dana-
Saulis Tavidan acilebis mizani ganridebis RonisZiebis gamoyenebiT.19
dacvis uflebis ganxorcielebis dawyebis pirvelive wuTebidanve, advokati unda
dainteresdes Tu ra safuZvliT eTqva uari mis dacvis qveS myofs ganridebis meqanizmis
gamoyenebaze. sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis dawyebamde saqmis masalebSi unda moipove-
bodes prokuroris dasabuTebuli, motivirebuli dadgenileba ganridebis gamoyenebaze
uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi dacvis mxares ufleba aqvs mimarTos sa-
samarTlos imave moTxovniT; gansxvavebiT srulwlovnebisagan, arasrulwlovnis mimarT
ganrideba SesaZlebelia gamoyenebul iqnes sasamarTloSi saqmis warmarTvis Semdgomac,
rac garkveulwilad damatebiTi berketia dacvis mxarisTvis, prokuroris mier ganridebis
gamoyenebaze usafuZvlo uaris Tqmis Semdgom kvlav moiTxovos sasamarTlos winaSe gan-
ridebis safuZvliT saqmis dabruneba prokurorisTvis; Tu saqme exeba patimrobaSi myo-
fi arasrulwlovani braldebulis ganridebas, ganridebis safuZvliT prokurorisTvis
saqmis dabrunebis moTxovnamde (patimroba ar gamoricxavs ganridebis gamoyenebis Ses-
aZleblobas), umjobesia, sasamarTlos winaSe dacvis mxaris mier jer moTxovnil iqnes
Sefardebuli mkacri aRkveTi RonisZiebis Secvla ufro msubuqi aRkveTi RonisZiebiT
an saerTod patimrobis gauqmeba. sasamarTlo uflebamosilia ganridebis gamoyenebis
mizniT, mxaris dasabuTebuli SuamdgomlobiT, aseve sakuTari iniciativiT, arasrulw-
lovnis saqme daubrunos prokurors ganridebisTvis.
ganridebisa da mediaciisTvis miRebuli da moqmedi liberaluri samarTlebrivi
normebis xarvezi, SesaZloa gaxdes am instrumentis aradaniSnulebisamebr, Sesabamisi
kanonismieri safuZlis ararsebobis pirobebSi gamoyenebis xelSemwyobi. vgulisxmob, amk-
is me-15 muxlis meore nawilSi mocemul im saproceso uflebebis arasrul CamonaTvals,
riTac sargeblobs arasrulwlovani sisxlis samarTlis saqmiswarmoebis nebismier sta-
diaze.
dasabuTebuli varaudis arsebobis pirobebSi ganridebis, rogorc sisxlissamarTle-
brivi devnis alternatiuli meqanizmis gamoyenebisas, arasrulwlovan mowmes gadaxdis-
unarianobis miuxedavad, ar aqvs ufleba gaecnos saqmis masalebs.20 im pirobebSi, roca

18
Commentary on the United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for Non-custodial Measures (The Tokyo Rules), United Nations,
New York, 1993, pg. 15. <https://www. ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/147416NCJRS.pdf > [12.01.2017]
19
arasapatimro zomebis Sesaxeb gaeros minimaluri wesebi (tokios wesebi ), gaeros rezolucia #45/110
(1990), wesi 5 (samarTaldamcav organoebs unda hqondeT ufleba Sewyviton samarTalwarmoeba samarTal-
damrRvevis mimarT, Tu isini miiCneven, rom sazogadoebis dacvis, danaSaulis Tavidan acilebis an kanon-
isadmi da dazaralebulis uflebebis pativiscemis uzrunvelsayofad ar aris saWiro procesis gagr-
Zeleba). dokumentis dedani (inglisurad) ixileT <http://www.un.org/documents/ga/res/45/a45r110.htm > [11.01.2017]
20
marTalia, sisxlis samarTlis saporceso kodeqsis 1682-e muxlis meore nawilis Tanaxmad, ganridebis sub-
ieqti sargeblobs braldebulis yvela uflebiT, Tumca es praqtikaSi ganimarteba viwrod da gulisxmobs
ganridebis srulwlovan subieqts.

120
advokatis TvaliT danaxuli arasrulwlovanTa ioseb
marTlmsajulebis kodeqsi gabaraevi

aseTi uflebiT uzrunvelyofilia ganridebis srulwlovani subieqti, dauSvebelia,

kanonTan konfliqtSi myof bavSvebs hqondeT maTze naklebi samarTlebrivi uflebebi da
garantiebi. kanonTan konfliqtSi myofi bavSebi sargebloben im fundamenturi procesu-
aluri uflebebis sruli speqtriT, romliT sargeblobac uzrunvelyofilia srulwlo-
vani pirebisTvis marTlmsajulebis sistemaSi moxvedrisas.21
moqmedi kanonmdeblobis Tanaxmad, sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis dawyebamde aras-
rulwlovans, romelic gamokiTxul iqna mowmis saxiT da mis mimarT ukve arsebobs
dasabuTebuli varaudi SesaZlo danaSaulis Cadenis Sesaxeb, kanoni iZleva saSualebas
arasrulwlovnis braldebulad cnobamde (sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis dawyebamde) mox-
des misi CarTva ganirdeba-mediaciis programaSi. bunebrivia, Tu arasrulwlovani ar
iqneba aRWurvili saqmis masalebis gacnobis uflebiT (vinaidan sisxlissamarTlebrivi
devnis dawyebamde igi ar warmoadgens mxares), mas ar eqneba SesaZlebloba gaecnos mis wi-
naaRmdeg arsebul informacias. saqmis masalebis gacnobis gareSe ganridebis gaformebam,
SesaZloa mouspos arasrulwlovans ganridebis meored (realuri safuZlis arsebobis
pirobebSi) gamoyenebis Sansi. saqmis masalebis gacnobis Semdgom SesaZloa gamoikveTos im
faqtebisa da informaciis ararseboba an arasakmarisoba, rac ucilebelia dasabuTebuli
varaudis, rogorc pirveli mtkicebulebiTi standartis dadgenisTvis, romlis arsebo-
bac ganridebis gamoyenebis kanonismier winapirobas warmoadgens.
arasrulwlovnis saukeTeso interesebdan gamomdinare, sasurvelia, amk-is me-15
muxlis meore nawilSi mocemul saproceso uflebebis CamonaTvals daematos saqmis ma-
salebis gacnobis ufleba, rac efeqturi meqanizmi iqneba braldebis mxaris SesaZlo
TviTnebobis Tavidan asacileblad, Sesabamisi kanonismieri safuZlis gareSe ar iqnes
gamoyenebuli arasrulwlovnis mimarT ganridebis meqanizmi. es dacvis mxares saSuale-
bas miscems martivad gamijnos erTmaneTisagan prokuroris mier ganridebis gamoyenebis
Sesaxeb mRebuli TviTneburi gadawyvetileba araTviTneburisagan, raTa arasrulwlovans
usafuZvlod ar waerTvas ganridebis gamoyenebis erTi Sansi. saqmis masalebis gacnobis
ufleba ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli arc amk-s 41-e muxlSi, romelic exeba arasrulw-
lovnis garantiebs ganridebis gamoyenebisas; zemoaRniSnuli safuZvliT, aucilebelia
ganridebis arasrulwlovani subieqti sargeblobdes braldebis yvela uflebiT, maT So-
ris saqmis gacnobis uflebiT.
arasrulwlovnis WeSmariti interesebis dacva wiTel xazad unda gasdevdes marTlm-
sajulebis mTlian process. arasrulwlovnebi srulwlovnebisgan gansxvavdebian Tavian-
Ti fizikuri da gonebrivi ganviTarebis doniT, emociuri mdgomareobiTa da ganaTlebis
saWiroebebiT. swored es gansxvavebebi warmoadgens arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis
gansxvavebuli sistemis Seqmnis safuZvels da moiTxovs arasrulwlovanTa mimarT gansx-
vavebul damokidebulebas.
gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa komitetis ganmartebiT, arasrulwlovnis gansakuTrebuli
fsiqologiuri da fizikuri mdgomareoba, emociuri da saganmanaTleblo saWiroebebi
misi braleulobis naklebi xarisxis udavo dasturia da moiTxovs srulwlovnebisgan
gansxvavebul midgomas.
`pekinis wesebis~ mixedviT, arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis procesSi, upirve-
les yovlisa, mxedvelobaSi miiReba arasrulwlovnis saukeTeso interesebi.22 „saukeTeso
interesis testi~ gulisxmobs arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis mxridan damsjelobi-
Ti RonisZiebebis minimumamde dayvanas da kanonTan konfliqtSi myofi arasrulwlovnis
21
Justice in Matters Involving Children in Conflict with the Law - Model Law on Juvenile Justice and Related Commentary, pg.72,
(UNODC), United Nations, New York, 2013. < https://www.unodc.org/.../justice-and.../Justice_Matters_Involving-Web_version.
pdf > [03.02.2017]
22
arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis minimaluri standartuli wesebi (`pekinis wesebi~);

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sisxlis samarTlis aqtualuri sakiTxebi #1

Semdgomi reintegraciis maqsimalur xelSewyobas.23 „saukeTeso interesis testi~ aseve

gulisxmobs mosamarTlis mxridan imis gaTvaliswinebas, Tu ra Sedegi SeiZleba moaxdinos
sasjelma arasrulwlovanze da Sesabamisad, Seufardos proporciuli, arasrulwlovnis
keTildReobasa da ganviTarebaze naklebi gavlenis mqone sasjeli.
arasrulwlovnis saukeTeso interesebis gaTvaliswinebasTan mWidro kavSirSia indi-
vidualuri midgoma, rac gulisxmobs, rom arasrulwlovnis saukeTeso interesi unda
ganisazRvros yovel individualur SemTxvevaSi misi specifikuri maxasiaTeblebis, saW-
iroebebis, gamocdilebis, ojaxuri mdgomareobis gaTvaliswinebiT. aseve mxedvelobaSi
unda iqnes miRebuli arasrulwlovnis piradi Sexedulebebi misi saukeTeso interesis
gansazRvrisas. procesis mwarmoebeli piri valdebulia, rom marTlmsajulebis procesis
nebismier stadiaze, arasrulwlovnis mimarT nebismieri gadawyvetilebis miRebisas mis
mimarT gamoiCinos gansakuTrebuli yuradReba da mxedvelobaSi miiRos arasrulwlovnis
Semdegi individualuri maxasiaTeblebi: asaki, ganviTarebis done, cxovrebis, aRzrdis
da ganviTarebis pirobebi, ganaTleba, janmrTelobis mdgomareoba, ojaxuri viTareba da
sxva garemoebebi, rac arasrulwlovnis xasiaTisa da qcevis Taviseburebebis Sefasebisa
da misi saWiroebebis gansazRvris SesaZleblobas iZleva.

5. arasrulwlovnis kanonieri/saproceso warmomadgenloba

arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebaSi didi yuradReba eTmoba kanonieri warmomad-

genlis instituts. kanoniT gaTaliswinebulia aseve misi Secvla saproceso warmomad-
genlis institutiT, ZiriTadad saproceso miznebidan gamomdinare, rac ar Seesabameba
arasrulwlovnis saukeTeso interesebs.
saqmeSi CarTvisas advokatma yovelTvis unda gadaamowmos saproceso warmomadgenlis
CarTvis safuZveli da unda gaarkvios, gamoiyena Tu ara mis xelT arsebuli yvela sa-
Sualeba gamomZiebelma kanonieri warmomadgenlis CasarTavad Tu misi amgvari qmedebebi
atarebda mxolod formalur xasiaTs. gamoZiebis mwarmoebelma organom yvela Rone unda
ixmaros, rom swored arasrulwlovnis mSoblebi da ara sxva pirebi iqnen sagamoZiebo
moqmedebebSi CarTuli. amk-s 50-e muxlis pirveli nawilis `a~ qvepunqtis miuxedavad,
romelic ewinaaRmdegeba arasrulwlovnis saukeTeso interesis dacvis ideas, mSobels
gamoZiebis mwarmoebeli organosagan unda mieces gonivruli vada sagamoZiebo moqmede-
baSi monawileobisaTvis gamosacxadeblad, im mizniT, rom arasrulwlovans, hyavdes misi
ndobiT aRWurvili piri, raTa man ar ganicados fsiqologiuri, emociuri Soki.24 bavSvTa
uflebaTa konvenciis me-40 muxlis (b) punqtis (III) qvepunqti pirdapir miuTiTebs mSoblis
an kanonieri warmomadgenlis daswrebaze, Tu es bavSvis WeSmarit interess ar ewinaaRm-
degeba.25
bavSvis uflebaTa komitetis rekomendaciiT, monawile saxelmwifoebma calsaxad
unda uzrunvelyon saqmiswarmoebaSi mSoblisa da meurveebis maqsimaluri CarTuloba.26
komitetis azriT, amgvari CarTulobis procesi uzrunvelyofs danaSaulis Camdeni bavS-
vis mniSvnelovan fsiqologiur da emociur mxardaWeras, amasTanave, maT exmareba yve-
23
iqve.
24
SalikaSvili m., miqanaZe g., arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajuleba, meore gamocema, Tb., fraiburgi, stras-
burgi 2016, gv 75.
25
hamiltoni, q., arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis saknonmdeblo reformis saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebi
2011. gv. 87.
26
bavSvis uflebaTa komiteti, zogadi komentari #10 (2007); punqti 54.

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advokatis TvaliT danaxuli arasrulwlovanTa ioseb
marTlmsajulebis kodeqsi gabaraevi

laferi icodnen Tavisi Svilis Sesaxeb da ukeT marTon momavalSi sakuTari bavSvis qce-
va.27
Tavis mxriv, saqmeSi CarTvamde da mis Semdegac, meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organo-
mac, Sesabamisi warmomadgenlis gamoyofamde, unda gaarkvios mSoblis gamoucxadeblobis
mizezi, Tu ramdenad realurad da obieqturad arsebobs gamomZieblis mier dasaxelebu-
li mSoblis gamoucxadeblobis obieqturi garemoeba. aRniSnulis garkvevis gareSe war-
momadgenlis CarTva arasrulwlovnis monawiloeobiT Casatarebel sagamoZiebo moqmede-
bebSi (mag: dakiTxva), Tundac es SeesabamisobaSi iyos kanonis formalur moTxovnebTan,
ar iqneba arasrulwlovnis saukeTeso ineteresebTan TanxvedraSi da yovelTvis Seam-
cirebs am gziT mopovebuli informaciis sandoobis xarisxs. am yvelaferma ki sabolood
SesaZloa gavlena iqonios rogorc dakavebis kanonierebaze, ise aRkveTis RonisZiebis
saxisa da zomis SerCevis sakiTxze.

6. advokati calkeuli sagamoZiebo moqmedebebis Catarebisas

amk, saerTaSoriso standartebis Sesabamisad, adgens calkeuli sagamoZiebo moqmede-

bebis Catarebis Taviseburebebs, romlis Tanaxmad, Cxreka da sxva sagamoZiebo moqmedeba,
romelic gulisxmobs arasrulwlovnis sxeulis SigniT Semowmebas an misi sxeulidan niv-
Tis amoRebas, SeiZleba Catardes mxolod sasamarTlos ganCinebiT, garda im SemTxvevisa,
roca safrTxe emuqreba arasrulwlovnis janmrTelobas an sicocxles. aseT SemTxvevaSi
gamoiyeneba saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsiT (112-e muxlis me-5 naw-
iliT) dadgenili wesi; xolo Cxreka da sxva sagamoZiebo moqmedeba, romelic gulisxmobs
arasrulwlovnis sxeulis nawilobriv an mTlianad gaSiSvlebas, SeiZleba Catardes mx-
olod sasamarTlos ganCinebiT, agreTve, kanonieri warmomadgenlis, xolo arasrulw-
lovnis survilis SemTxvevaSi advokatis TandaswrebiTac, garda im SemTxvevisa, roca
arsebobs saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 112-e muxlis me-5 nawiliT
gaTvaliswinebuli gadaudebeli aucilebloba.
amasTanave, kanoni adgens specialur wesebs, romelsac unda daeqvemdebaros amgvari
sagamoZiebo moqmedeba. kerZod, is unda Catardes sagamoZiebo organos saamisod spe-
cialurad gamoyofil adgilas. sagamoZiebo moqmedebis Camtarebeli piri unda iyos imave
sqesis, romeli sqesisac aris arasrulwlovani. rac Seexeba sxeulidan nivTis amoRebas,
nebismier SemTxvevaSi es unda ganxorcieldes samedicino saqmianobis licenziis/nebarT-
vis mqone dawesebulebaSi sertificirebuli, imave sqesis eqimis an eqTnis monawileobiT
da kanonieri warmomadgenlis, xolo arasrulwlovnis survilis SemTxvevaSi agreTve ad-
vokatis TandaswrebiT. amasTanave, sagamoZiebo moqmedebis Camtarebeli piri unda iyos
imave sqesis, romeli sqesisac aris arasrulwlovani.
samuSao jgufis Sexvedrebisas, ramdenime regionSi monawileTa mxridan daisva sakiTxi,
arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebis procesSi unda Catardes Tu ara
RamiT28 arasrulwlovnis dakiTxva da sxva sagamoZiebo moqmedebebi.
sakiTxis gadawyvetisas gaTvaliswinebul unda iqnes rogorc gamoZiebis interesebi,
ise arasrulwlovnis interesebi. gamomZieblis mier sagamoZiebo moqmedebis gadaudebeli
aucileblobidan gamomdinare RamiT Catarebisas, Tu dacvis mxare ar eTanxmeba gamomZie-
blis gadawyvetilebas da miaCnia, rom ar arsebobs kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli gadaude-

27
hamiltoni, q., arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis saknonmdeblo reformis saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebi
2011. gv. 88.
28
sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis me-3 muxlis me-17 nawili.

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sisxlis samarTlis aqtualuri sakiTxebi #1

beli aucilebloba, advokats ufleba aqvs Sesabamis sagamoZiebo oqmze SeniSvnis dafiq-
sirebis gziT gamoxatos Tavisi pozicia, rac sasamarTlos mier, advokatis poziciis
gaziarebis SemTxvevaSi, aseTi formiT mopovebuli informaciis dauSvebel mtkicebule-
bad cnobis safuZveli SeiZleba gaxdes.
dacvis mxare uflebamosilia sasamarTlos mimarTos SuamdgomlobiT arasrulwlo-
vani mowmis distanciurad dakiTxvis an sasamarTlo sxdomamde braldebulis advokatis
monawileobiT arasrulwlovani mowmis dakiTxvis an dakiTxvis videogadaRebis Sesaxeb,
rac meoreuli viqtimizaciis Tavidan acilebis saukeTeso saSualebas warmoadgens dacvis
mxaris xelSi. kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli es SesaZlebloba warmoadgens dazaralebuli
bavSvis efeqturi dacvis qmedebiT meqanizms, risi warmatebiT gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSic
uzrunvelyofili iqneba rogorc dazaralebuli arasrulwlovnis WeSmariti interesebi,
ise braldebulis ufleba saqmis samarTlian ganxilvaze.29
yvela sagamoZiebo moqmedeba, rogorc wesi, unda Catardes dRis saaTebSi. dauSvebe-
lia bavSvTa gamokiTxva da sagamoZiebo moqmedebebis Catareba RamiT, garda gadaudebeli
SemTxvevebisa. aseTis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi, braldebis mxares ekisreba valdebuleba
daasabuTos, Tu ratomaa es SemTxveva gadaudebeli. sasamarTlom yuradReba unda gaamax-
vilos da moiTxovos braldebis mxarisgan aseTi dasabuTeba.
kodeqsis 52-e muxlis me-6 nawili krZalavs arasrulwlovnis dakiTxvas 22 saaTidan di-
lis 8 saaTamde, raSic, Tu vixelmZRvanelebT bavSvis saukeTeso interesis dacvis stand-
artiT, kanonmdeblis mier didi albaTobiT nagulisxmevia rogorc yovelgvari gamokiTx-
va-dakiTxvis, ise zogadad sagamoZiebo moqmedebis Catarebis dro, garda saxelis, gvaris,
misamarTis da mSoblebis vinaobis Sesaxeb informaciis gamokiTxvisa, rasac Zalian mcire
dro sWirdeba. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, Tu braldebis mxare ver daasabuTebs gadaudebe-
li aucileblobis safuZvels, dacvis mxares aqvs ufleba, Tavisi mosazreba (protesti)
pretenzia daafiqsiros sagamoZiebo moqmedebis oqmze Sesabamisi SeniSvnis gakeTebiT.
amk icnobs mxolod ss saproceso kodeqsis 112-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebul zemoaR-
niSnul SemTxvevebs da moqmedebs mxolod Cxrekis da sxva iseTi calkeuli sagamoZiebo
moqmedebebis Catarebisas, romelTa Catarebis procesi garkveuli TaviseburebebiT xa-
siaTdeba (amk _ 53-e muxli). gadaudebeli aucileblobis gamo piradi Cxreka/dakaveba
ZiriTadad xdeba arastandartul samuSao pirobebSi, danaSaulis Sesaxeb informaciis
miRebisTanave, dauyonebliv, ra drosac xSir SemTxvevebSi, fizikurad SeuZlebelia sa-
samarTlos Sesabamisi ganCinebis mopoveba.
sxva sagamonakliso SemTxvevebs amk-i ar iTvaliswinebs, riTac xazs usvams arasrul-
wlovnis saukeTeso interesebis prioritetulobas da mas yvelaze maRal doneze mdgom
principad ganixilavs.

7. arasrulwlovnis saqmis sasamarTloSi ganxilva

arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis axali kodeqsi procesis mwarmoebels aval-

debulebs, rom mis saqmesTan dakavSirebuli gadawyvetilebis gamotana moxdes gaWianure-
bis gareSe kompetenturi, damoukidebeli da miukerZoebeli sasamarTlos mier. kodeqsi
moiTxovs, rom sasamarTlom saqmeTa ganxilvis rigiTobis gansazRvrisas upirateso-
ba mianiWos konfliqtSi myof arasrulwlovanTa saqmeebs, ar dauSvas saqmis ganxilvis
gaumarTlebeli gaWianureba da saqme ganixilos swrafad da samarTlianad.
sasurvelia, saqmis samarTliani ganxilvis konteqstSi, arasrulwlovanTa saqmeebi da
29
adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa dacvis konvencia, muxli 6, nawili 1/d.

124
advokatis TvaliT danaxuli arasrulwlovanTa ioseb
marTlmsajulebis kodeqsi gabaraevi

masTan dakavSirebuli saCivrebi zemdgomi instanciebis mier ganixilebodes dasaSvebobis

kriteriumebis gareSe yovelmxriv da srulad, Tundac zepiri mosmenis gareSe, rac xels
Seuwyobs, erTi mxriv, arasrulwlovnis saukeTeso interesebis dacvas da meores mxriv,
ganaviTarebs sasamarTlo praqtikas arasrulwlovanTa saqmeebze.
multidisciplinuri uwyebaTaSorisi jgufis regionaluri Sexvedrebisas, monawile-
Ta mxridan daisva sakiTxi, rogor reJimSi unda gagrZeldes saqmis ganxilva im arasrul-
wlovnis mimarT, romelic gamoZiebis warmoebis dros iyo arasrulwlovani da saqmis
sasamarTloSi ganxilvisas srulwlovani gaxda?
monawile mxareebs Soris iyo azrTa sxvadasxvaoba. mosamarTleTa nawili miiCnevs,
rom saqmis ganxilva unda gagrZeldes arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kodeqsiT
dadgenili wesis Sesabamisad (specializacia, savaldebulo dacva, daxuruli sxdoma da
a.S.), xolo nawili Tvlis, rom mas, rogorc srulwlovans, ezRudeba garkveuli uflebebi
(Tavi daicvas piradad, gaixsnas sasamarTlo sxdoma, ar hyavdes kanonieri warmomadgene-
li da a.S.).
prokuraturis warmomadgenlebs calsaxad miaCniaT, rom saqmis sasamarTloSi warm-
arTvisas braldebuli Tu ukve srulwlovani gaxda, mis mimarT saqmis ganxilva unda
daiwyos an dawyebuli gagrZeldes, rogorc srulwlovnis saqme sisxlis samarTlis sap-
roceso kodeqsiT dadgenili wesiT, vinaidan amk-s me-3 muxlis mexuTe nawilis Tanaxmad,
arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis procesi aris arasrulwlovnis monawileobiT war-
moebuli sisxlis samarTlis saqmis sasamarTloSi ganxilva. Tumca sakiTxis am formiT
gadawyvetam SesaZloa daazianos arasrulwlovnis saukeTeso interesebi da umjobesia,
sakiTxi gadawydes individualurad, yovel konkretul SemTxvevaSi kanonTan konfliqtSi
myofi arasrulwlovnis WeSmariti interesebidan gamomdinare.
advokati, romelic ufaso iuridiul momsaxureobas uwevs arasrulwlovans, romel-
sac sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvisas an ganxilvamde Seusrulda 18 weli, moqmedebs saqa-
rTvelos kanonmdeblobis da advokatis profesiuli eTikis30 normebis Sesabamisad. igi
ganumartavs Tavis dacvis qveS myofs dacvis uflebis arss da dasacavi piris survilis
SemTxvevaSi, kvlav gaagrZelebs misi interesebis dacvas saerTo wesebis dacviT. es prob-
lema ar dgas maSin, roca advokati dacvas axorcielebs sakontraqto urTierTobis sa-
fuZvelze.

8. arasrulwlovnis sasjelis mizani, nasamarTloba

kanonis Tanaxmad, arasrulwlovnisTvis daniSnuli sasjelis mizans piris reabilita-

cia da sazogadoebaSi reintegracia warmoadgens, rac gaTvlilia sazogadoebis grZel-
vadian perspeqtivaze, raTa kanonTan konfliqtSi myofi bavSvi sazogadoebas daubrundes
sazogadoebaSi damkvidrebuli dadebiTi Rirebulebebis mqone kanonmorCil pirovnebad.
am mizans emsaxureba arasrulwlovnis nasamarTlobis gaqarwylebis gansxvavebuli
pirobebi. arasrulwlovans nasamarTloba gaqarwylebulad CaeTvleba sasjelis moxdis-
Tanave, xolo pirobiTi msjavris SemTxvevaSi _ gamosacdeli vadis gasvlisTanave. na-
samarTlobis dauyovnebliv gaqarwyleba mniSvnelovnad amcirebs mis mier danaSaulis
ganmeorebis risks da udavod xels uwyobs piris reabilitacia/resocializacias. es SeR-
avaTi aRar imoqmedebs, Tuki piri kvlav Caidens danaSauls. miuxedavad praqtikaSi ga-
moTqmuli azrTa sxvadasxvaobisa, amk-s me-12 muxlis meore nawilis pirveli winadadebis
fraza „kvlav Caidens danaSauls~ unda ganimartos, rogorc „kvlav Caidens danaSauls
30
advokatTa profesiuli eTikis kodeqsi, Tavi II, muxli 8.

125
sisxlis samarTlis aqtualuri sakiTxebi #1

sasjelis moxdis periodSi an pirobiTi msjavrdebisas _ gamosacdeli vadis gasvlamde~.

nebismier SemTxvevaSi, Tu arasrulwlovanma ise moixada sasjeli an pirobiTi msjavrisas,
gamosacdeli vada, rom am periodSi danaSauli ar Caudenia, is nasamarTlobis armqoned
iTvleba (amk-s me-12/1). me-12 muxlis meore nawili gamoiyeneba, Tu man sasjelis moxdis
periodSi an gamosacdeli vadis gasvlamde kvlav Caidina danaSauli. aseT SemTxvevaSi
arasrulwlovnis nasamarTlobis gaqarwylebisTvis SemoTavazebulia gansxvavebulad Sem-
cirebuli vadebi.
informacia arasrulwlovnis nasamarTlobis Sesaxeb miCneuli unda iyos rogorc kon-
fidencialuri da ar unda moxdes arasrulwlovnis personaluri monacemebis raime saxiT
gamJRavneba an gamoqveyneba, garda „personalur monacemTa dacvis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos
kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli SemTxvevebisa. xolo 16 wlis asaks miRweuli arasrulwlovnis
personaluri monacemebi, garda „personalur monacemTa dacvis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos
kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli SemTxvevebisa, SeiZleba gamJRavndes an gamoqveyndes mxolod
misi da misi kanonieri warmomadgenlis TanxmobiT da Tu maTi gamJRvaneba da gamoqveyneba
Seesabameba mis saukeTeso interesebs.
arasrulwlovnis pirveli msjavrdebis SemTxvevaSi, mosamarTle uflebamosili xdeba
arasrulwlovans dauniSnos kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul zRvarze naklebi an sxva ufro
msubuqi sasjeli, Tu mis mimarT warsulSi ar yofila gamotanili gamamtyunebeli ga-
naCeni da saxezea Semamsubuqebel garemoebaTa erToblioba, ris gamoc mizanSewonilia
kanoniT gaTvaliswinebulze ufro msubuqi sasjelis daniSvna. Tumca, am sakiTxTan da-
kavSirebiT davas iwvevs iseTi SemTxveva, roca warsulSi, marTalia, gamotanilia aras-
rulwlovnis mimarT gamamtyunebeli ganaCeni, magram gaqarwylebulia an moxsnilia na-
samarTloba saerTo wesiT. aseT SemTxvevaSi sakiTxi gadawydeba nasamarTlobis moxsnis
an gaqarwylebis saerTo wesebis dacviT, vinaidan moqmedi wesi metad Seesabameba bavSvis
WeSmarit interess da warsulSi gamamatyunebeli ganaCenis zogadad arseboba (im pirobeb-
Si, roca arasrulwlovans danaSauli ar Caudenia sasjelis moxdis periodSi an gamo-
sacdeli vadis gasvlamde, anu `ar iTvleba nasamarTlevad~) ar iqneba damabrkolebeli
garemoeba sasamarTlos mier kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul zRvarze naklebi an sxva ufro
msubuqi sasjelis gamoyenebisTvis.

daskvna

miuxedavad imisa, rom multidisciplinuri jgufebis Sexvedrebisas miRweul zemox-

senebul SeTanxmebebs da daTqmebs ar aqvs kanonis Zala, igi mniSvnelovania arasrulw-
lovanTa marTlmsajulebis procesis bavSvis saukeTeso interesebis Sesabamisad ganxor-
cielebisTvis.
warmodgenil statiaSi dacvis mxaris TvaliT danaxuli arasruwlovanTa marTlmsa-
julebasTan dakavSrebuli inovaciuri sakiTxebis ganxilvisa da misi gadaWris gzebis
SemoTavazebis mizania arasrulwlovnis saproceso uflebebis Sesaxeb samarTlebrivi
cnobierebis amaRleba da im problemebis gaSuqeba, rasac adgili hqonda kodeqsis moq-
medebis mcire periodSi da SesaZloa, kvlav hqondes adgili praqtikaSi dacvis uflebis
ganxocielebisas.
multidisciplinarul uwyebaTaSoris jgufebSi arsebuli azrTa sxvadasxvaoba, mi-
uxedavad maTi monawileobis saerTo miznisa (gamovlenil iqnes amk-s aRsrulebis pro-
cesSi warmoqmnili xarvezebi da uwyebebs Soris Camoyalibdes erTiani xedva am gamowveve-

126
advokatis TvaliT danaxuli arasrulwlovanTa ioseb
marTlmsajulebis kodeqsi gabaraevi

bis sapasuxod), cxadyofs, rom arsebobs arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis procesis

xarvezebiT warmarTvis safrTxe, ramac SesaZloa mniSvnelovnad daazianos arasrulw-
lovnis interesebi.
amk-s muxlobrivi ganxilvis, maTi analizis Sedegad, naTelia kanonmdeblis neba,
marTlmsajulebis mTeli procesis ganmavlobaSi arasrulwlovnis upiratesi interese-
bis xarisxianad dacvis primatis Sesaxeb, rac udavod misasalmebeli faqtia da gvaZlevs
imedis safuZvels, rom aRniSnuli wesebis dacviT uzrunvelyofili iqneba arasrulwlo-
vanis WeSmariti interesebisa da sazogadoebis keTildReobis/usafrTxoebis dacva.

127
 arasrulwlovanTa sasjelis moxdis saerTaSoriso standartebis
zogadi mimoxilva
maia (zoia) xasia
ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo
universitetis doqtoranti,
mrCeveli cixeebis sakiTxebSi, wiTeli jvris
saerTaSoriso komiteti

Sesavali

arasrulwlovani/mozardi es is sinonimebia, romlis qveS moiazreba bavSvi, rome-

lic unda izrdebodes da yalibdebodes ojaxis, skolisa da megobrebis garemocvaSi.
bavSvTa uflebaTa konvencia xazs usvams ojaxis rols bavSvis CamoyalibebaSi da adgens
standarts im garemo pirobebisa, romelSic igi unda izrdebodes, „bavSvis pirovnebis
sruli da harmoniuli ganviTarebisaTvis aucilebelia igi izrdebodes ojaxur garemo-
Si, bednierebis, siyvarulis da urTierTgagebis atmosferoSi.~1 Sesabamisad, nebismieri
kargi garemo sasjelis moxdis adgilebSi da masSi regulirebis efeqturi meqanizmebis
arseboba, ar gamoricxavs cixis uaryofiT zegavlenas bavSvis ganviTarebaze. nebismier
SemTxvevaSi sazogadoebisagan izolirebulad, sasjelis moxdis adgilebSi yofna uary-
ofiT daRs asvams bavSvis rogorc fsiqologiur, ise fizikur ganviTarebas, radganac
es aris garemo, sadac bavSvi mowyvetilia yoveldRiuri cxovrebis ritms, misTis Cveul
zrunvasa da garemos.
arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis sistema mudmivi zrunvis sagans warmoadgens
msoflioSi, is etapobrivad ganicdis cvlilebas da viTardeba bavSvis saukeTeso in-
teresebidan gamomdinare. qarTuli sisxlis samarTlis marTlmsajulebis ganviTarebis
istoriaSi erT-erT umniSvnelovanes pozitiur da warmatebul nabijad unda CaiTvalos
arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis axali sistema, romelmac Zireulad Secvala kanon-
Tan konfliqtSi myof arasrulwlovnebTan midgomisa da maTTan mopyrobis formebi
da meTodebi. mecnierebi saubroben arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis sistemis re-
formirebasa da mis prioritetul mniSvnelobaze (maT Soris unda moviazroT saqarT-
veloSi ganxorcielebuli reforma), „arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis sistemam ev-
ropaSi mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi ganicada bolo 15 wlis ganmavlobaSi, gansakuTrebiT
post socialisturma qveynebma. Tumca aseve dasavleT evropaSi SeiZleba zogjer aRmo-
vaCinoT gansxvavebuli da arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis sawinaaRmdego politika:
magaliTad, neoliberaluri tendenciebi, konkretulad inglissa da uelsSi, aseve nider-
landebSi (see Cavadino and Dignan 2002: 284 ff.; 2006: 215 ff.). sxva qveynebSi _ rogoricaa ger-
mania, magaliTad _ `minimaluri intervenciis~, zomieri Carevis politika (ganridebasa
da saganmanaTleblo RonisZiebebze prioritetis miniWeba) SenarCunebuli iyo (see Dünkel
1
gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis „bavSvTa uflebaTa konvencia“, preambula, dokumenti xelmisawvdomia
misamarTze: www.matsne.gov.ge

128
arasrulwlovanTa sasjelis moxdis saerTaSoriso standartebis maia
zogadi mimoxilva xasaia

2005). bevr qveyanaSi aRdgeniTi marTlmsajulebis elementebi iyo ganxorcielebuli (me-

diacia, saojaxo konferencia).~2
arasrulwlovanTa danaSaulis gamomwvevi mizezebi sazogadoebaSi mravladaa da igi
didad ar gansxvavdeba qveynebis mixedviT, rogoricaa, magaliTad bavSvi, romelic izr-
deba Zaladobriv garemoSi; socialuri garemo da Rirebulebebi, romelSic bavSvi yal-
ibdeba; qveynis socialur-ekonomikuri mdgomareoba da ekonomiuri siduxWire; stigma da
sxva. nebismieri am da sxva faqtorebis arseboba, miuxedavad imisa, Tu romelma faqtorma
gamoiwvia bavSvis devianturi qceva, is kanonTan konfliqtSi yofnis gamo xSirad xvdeba
Tavisuflebis aRkveTis adgilebSi, wydeba ojaxs da garemos, sadac izrdeba da yalibdeba.
mTavari kiTxva, romelic ismeba arasrulwlovnis sasjelis moxdis adgilebSi mox-
vedris SemTxvevaSi, aris, Tu ra moxdeba Semdgom, roca igi sasjels moixdis. erTxel,
bavSvobis asakSi Cadenili gadacdoma daujdeba imis fasad, rom mTeli Semdgomi cxovreba
am stigmiT icxovros da ver daubrundeba normalur cxovrebas, Tu am mokle periodiT
SesaZlebelia dasruldes misi, rogorc damnaSavis cxovreba da dabrundeba sazogadoe-
briv cxovrebaSi rogorc srulfasovani wevri. aRniSnul kiTxebze pasuxi SesaZlebelia
gasces mxolod sasjelis aRsrulebis formebma da meqanizmebma, romelic ama Tu im qvey-
anaSi arsebobs. rogori ganviTarebuli da arasrulwlovanTa saWiroebebs morgebulic
ar unda iyos sisxlis samarTlis marTlmsajulebis sistemis sxva sferoebi, Tu sas-
jelaRsrulebis sistema xasiaTdeba xarvezebiT pasuxi aRniSnul kiTxvebze Sesabamisad
negatiuri iqneba. amdenad, arasrulwovanTa marTlmsajulebis erT-erT gadamwyvet ele-
ments warmoadgens swored sasjelaRsrulebis sistema, masSi arsebuli garemo pirobebi
da regulirebis meqanizmebi. winamdebare statia moicavs swored sasjelis aRsrulebis
saerTaSoriso standartebis garkveul nakrebs da mis mokle analizs.

1. arasrulwovanTa sasjelis moxdis maregulirebeli

saerTaSoriso standartebi

mocemuli saerTaSoriso standartebi SesaZlebelia ganvixiloT or jgufad: a) stan-

dartebi, romlebic pirdapir ar arian SemuSavebuli arasrulwlovanTa sisxlis samarT-
lis marTlmsajulebis sistemis regulirebis mizniT, magram garkveulwilad, sxva sakiTx-
ebTan erTad pirdapir Tu arapirdapir exeba mas; b) standartebi, romlebic adgenen
arasrulwlovanTa sasjelis moxdis standartebsa da procedurebs da SemuSavebulia
swored mocemuli sferos daregulirebis mizniT.

pirveli jgufis dokumentebi:

bavSvTa uflebaTa konvencia (SemdgomSi _ konvencia)

arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis administrirebisTvis yvelaze mniSvnelovan

saerTaSoriso instrumentebad eqspertebi ganixilaven bavSvis uflebaTa konvencias da
samoqalaqo da politikur uflebaTa saerTaSoriso paqts.
miuxedavad imisa, rom konvencia ar warmoadgens viwro regulirebis meqanizms sisx-
lis samarTlis marTlmsajulebis sferoSi, is naTlad warmoaCens xedvas, Tu rogori
unda iyos igi arasrulwlovnebTan mimarTebaSi: `bavSvis mimarT nebismier qmedebaTa ganx-
orcielebisas, miuxedavad imisa, Tu vin aris maTi ganmaxorcielebeli, _ saxelmwifo
2
Prof. Dr. Frieder Dünkel, “Juvenile justice systems in Europe – current situation, reform developments and good practices”, doku-
menti xelmisawvdomia misamarTze: www.kekidatabank.be/docs/Onderzoek/JuJu_expose_englisch_13.04.pdf

129
sisxlis samarTlis aqtualuri sakiTxebi #1

Tu kerZo dawesebulebebi, romlebic muSaoben socialuri uzrunvelyofis sakiTxebze,

sasamarTloebi, administraciuli Tu sakanonmdeblo organoebi _ upirvelesi yuradReba
eTmoba bavSvis interesebis dacvis ukeT uzrunvelyofas.~3 konvencia prioritets ani-
Webs bavSvis srul CarTulobas procesSi, rac unda xorcieldebodes bavSvis interese-
bze dayrdnobiT, misi uflebebisa da saWiroebebis, aseve misi mosazrebebis gaTvalis-
winebiT. mTavari prioriteti unda eniWebodes problemis gadaWris sxvadasxva models da
saSualebebs maT Soris sasjelis alternativebs.
konvencia ar ganixilavs konkretul daTqmebs, romelic orientirebulia penitenci-
uri sistemis specifikaze da amdenad, pirdapir ar pasuxobs winamdebre statiis moTx-
ovnebs, Tumca igi ganixilavs midgomebs, romelic exeba qveynis SigniT arsebul nebismier
instituts da mis saqmianobas arasrulwlovnebTan mimarTebaSi „monawile saxelmwifoebi
cnoben yoveli bavSvis uflebas, romelmac, rogorc Tvlian, daarRvia sisxlis samarT-
lis kanonmdebloba, bralad edeba misi darRveva an aRiarebulia mis damrRvevad~.4
konvencia gansazRvravs arasrulwlovanTa mimarT iseT mopyrobas, romelic xels
unda uwyobdes misi Rirsebisa da sakuTari mniSvnelovnebis grZnobis ganviTarebas. aseve
damokidebulebas, romelic emsaxureba arasrulwlovanTa adamianis uflebebisadmi da
sxvaTa ZiriTadi Tavisuflebebisadmi pativiscemis ganmtkicebas. „monawile saxelmwifoe-
bi cnoben yoveli bavSvis uflebas, uzrunvelyofili iyos cxovrebis iseTi doniT, ro-
melic aucilebelia misi fizikuri, gonebrivi, sulieri, zneobrivi da socialuri ganvi-
TarebisaTvis.~5 rogorc vxedavT, aq saubari ar aris Tu rogori unda iyos penitenciuri
dawesebuleba, sadac arasrulwlovani imyofeba, magram is ganmartavs Tu rogori unda
iyos bavSvis ganviTarebisadmi midgoma, magaliTadi, aseTi uflebebis konteqstSi konven-
cia ganixilavs:
a. ganaTlebis uflebas, sadac ganmartavs moTxovnas saxelmwifosadmi, rom daaweson
ufaso da savaldebulo dawyebiT ganaTleba, aseve xeli Seuwyon rogorc zogadi, ise pro-
fesiuli saSualo ganaTlebis sxvadasxva formebis ganviTarebas da umaRlesi ganaTlebis
miRebas, masalebisa da informaciis xelmisawvdomobas, yvelasaTvis TiToeulis unaris
Sesatyvisad. is, rom konvenciis moTxovna exeba yvelas SesaZleblobas, gvaZlevs mocemu-
li moTxovnebi pirdapir regulirebis meqanizmad ganvixiloT kanonTan konfliqtSi myof
arasrulwlovnebTan mimarTebaSic.
b. janmrTelobis dacvis xelmisawvdomoba, sadac konvencia ganmartavs yvela bavSvi-
saTvis aucilebeli samedicino daxmarebisa da janmrTelobis dacvis uzrunvelyofis
aucileblobas, aseve pirveladi samedicino-sanitariuli daxmarebis uzrunvelyofas.
mocemul SemTxvevaSic, rogorc sxva uflebebTan mimarTebaSi, konvencia saxelmwifoebs
uyenebs moTxovnas Seqmnan bavSvebisaTvis usafrTxo garemo rogorc kvebis, aseve sani-
tariuli mdgomareobisa da adekvaturi samedicino daxmarebis CaTvliT, sadac ar unda
imyofebodes igi, anu nebismier SemTxvevaSi arasrulwlovani imyofeba saxlSi, raime ti-
pis sxva instituciaSi Tu penitenciur dawesebulebaSi.
ss marTlmsajulebis pirvel etapTan dakavSirebiT konvencia mouwodebs wevr saxel-
mwifoebs gaiTvaliswinon bavSvis asaki da misi reintegraciis, sazogadoebaSi mis mier
sasargeblo rolis SesrulebisaTvis xelSewyobis mniSvneloba, rom arc erT bavSvs ar
unda aRekveTos Tavisufleba ukanonod an TviTneburad, amdenad, adgens mkacr SezRud-
vas dakavebis procedurebTan dakavSirebiT. garda dakavebis procedurebisa, konvencia
exeba bavSvis mimarT patimrobis RonisZiebis gamoyenebas, rogorc ukidures RonisZiebas.

3
gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis „bavSvTa uflebaTa konvencia“, nawili I, muxli 3.
4
igive, muxli 40.
5
igive, muxli 27, punqti 1.

130
arasrulwlovanTa sasjelis moxdis saerTaSoriso standartebis maia
zogadi mimoxilva xasaia

„monawile saxelmwifoebi uzrunvelyofen, rom: bavSvis dapatimreba, dakaveba an cixeSi

moTavseba xorcieldeba kanonis Tanaxmad da ganixileba, rogorc mxolod ukiduresi
zoma rac SeiZleba naklebi periodis ganmavlobaSi.~ im SemTxvevaSi, Tu, miuxedavad ze-
moaRniSnuli SezRudvebisa, adgili eqneba bavSvis dakavebas, konvenciaSi vxvdebiT pirve-
ladi procedurebis regulirebas, sadac is adgils uTmobs yoveli TavisuflebaaRkveT-
li bavSvis uflebas, dauyonebliv miiRos samarTlebrivi da sxva Sesabamisi daxmareba,
aseve mis uflebas, gaaprotestos misi Tavisuflebis aRkveTis kanoniereba sasamarTlos
an sxva kompetenturi damoukidebeli da miukerZoebeli organos winaSe da mouwodebs
Sesabamis organoebs, rom maT dauyonebliv gamoitanon gadawyvetileba nebismieri aseTi
procesualuri qmedebis Taobaze.
konvenciaSi garkveulwilad vxvdebiT kanonTan konfliqtSi myof arasrulwlovnebTan
mopyrobis standartebs, maTi pativisa da Rirsebis xelSeuxeblobasa da humanuri mopy-
robis konteqstSi „yovel TavisuflebaaRkveTil bavSvs unda epyrobodnen humanurad
da pirovnebis ganuyreli Rirsebis pativiscemiT, ise, rom gaTvaliswinebuli iyos misi
asakis pirTa moTxovnilebebi.~6 aseve ganixilavs maTi ganTavsebisadmi specifikur mid-
gomas bavSvis yvelaze WeSmariti interesebidan gamomdinare. „RonisZiebaTa mizania bavS-
visadmi imgvari mopyrobis uzrunvelyofa, rogoric Seesabameba bavSvis keTildReobis
interesebs, agreTve mis mdgomareobas da danaSaulis xasiaTs.~

patimrebTan mopyrobis minimaluri standartuli wesebi (nelson mandelas wesebi) _

(Semdgom _ msw) da evropuli penitenciuri wesebi (SemdgomSi -epw):

msw da epw ar arian savaldebulo xasiaTis regulaciebi, Tumca isini arian saxelmZR-
vanelo direqtivebis umniSvnelovanesi nakrebi, romlebic adgenen penitenciuri sistemis
regulirebis formebs da meTodebs misi yvela Semadgeneli elementis mimarT. isini aseve
ar ganixileba dokumentebad, romelic arasrulwlovanTa sasjelis moxdis procedurebs
aregulirebs, Tumca masSi vxvdebiT araerT mniSvnelovan rekomendacias arasrulwlovn-
Ta sasjelis moxdis nawilSi, magaliTad, ganmartebas, Tu vin moiazreba arasrulwlovan
patimarTa kategoriis qveS, „arasrulwlovani patimrebis kategorias unda ganekuTvne-
bodes yvela axalgazrda damnaSave, romelic eqvemdebareba arasrulwlovanTa sasamarT-
loebis kompetencias. rogorc wesi, aseTi axalgazrdebis mimarT Tavisuflebis aRkveTis
zomad patimroba ar unda gamoiyenebodes.7
orive dokumentSi vxvdebiT araerT aspeqts sasjelis moxdis procedurebTan da-
kavSirebiT, maT Soris sasjelis moxdis adgilebSi arasrulwlovan msjavrdebulebTan
damokidebulebis nawilSi, rogoricaa, magaliTad, ganTavseba. „arasrulwlovani patim-
rebi ganTavsebul unda iqnen srulwlovani patimrebisgan gancalkevebiT~.8 epw ufro
akonkretebs ganTavsebis sakiTxebs, „Tu arasrulwlovnebi moTavsebuli arian cixeSi,
isini unda imyofebodnen calke ganyofilebaSi, romelic gamoyofilia mozrdili patim-
rebisaTvis gankuTvnili nawilisagan, garda im SemTxvevisa, Tu miCneul iqneba, rom es
bavSvis interesebs ewinaaRmdegeba.~9 srulwlovanTa cixeSi ganTavsebis SemTxvevisas epw
ganmartavs Sesabamis marTvis meqanizmebs, romelic moizrebs arasrulwlovanTa ganvi-
TarebisaTvis xelSemwyobi servisebis xelmisawvdomobas, „roca gamonaklis SemTxvevebSi
18 wlamde asakis arasrulwlovnebi moTavsebuli arian mozrdilebisTvis gankuTvnil
6
igive, muxli 37, punqti g.
7
patimrebTan mopyrobis minimaluri standartuli wesebi, gaerTianebuli erebis organizacia, 1955 weli,
wesi 5. (2).
8
igive, wesi 8,
9
evropuli cixis wesebi, ministrTa komitetis, rekomendacia REC (2006)2, 11 ianvari, 2006 weli, wesi 35.5.

131
sisxlis samarTlis aqtualuri sakiTxebi #1

cixeSi, xelmZRvanelobam unda uzrunvelyos, rom yvela patimrisaTvis gaweul momsax-

urebebis garda, arasrulwlovan patimrebs agreTve gaewioT socialuri, fsiqologiuri
da saganmanaTleblo momsaxureba, religiuri mzrunveloba da gajansaRebis RonisZiebe-
bi, an sazogadoebaSi bavSvTaTvis arsebuli msgavsi programebis ekvivalenturi RonisZie-
bebi yovel arasrulwlovan patimars, romelic eqvemdebareba savaldebulo ganaTlebas,
xeli unda miuwvdebodes aseT ganaTlebaze.~10
msw aseve ganixilavs garkveul specifikur moTxovnebs, rogoricaa savaldebulo da
profesiuli ganaTleba da sporti: „sporti _ saTanado fizikur mdgomareobaSi myofi
arasrulwlovani da sxva patimrebi uzrunvelyofilni unda iyvnen fizikuri varjiSis
dros _ TamaSis SesaZleblobiT. amisaTvis saWiroa saTanado moednebis, danadgarebisa
da inventaris arseboba. profesiuli ganaTleba _ sasargeblo xelobis swavlebisas gan-
sakuTrebuli yuradReba unda mieqceT im arasrulwlovan patimrebs, romlebic saamisod
did mondomebasa da unars amJRavneben. savaldebulo ganaTleba _ im qveynebSi, sadac es
daSvebulia, patimrebi uzrunvelyofilni unda iyvnen Semdgomi ganaTlebis miRebis Sesa-
ZleblobiT, religiuri ganaTlebis CaTvliT. wera-kiTxvis ucodinarTa da arasrulwlo-
vanTa ganaTleba savaldebulo unda iyos da cixis marTvis organoebma amas gansakuTre-
buli yuradReba unda miaqcion. patimrebis ganaTleba SeZlebisdagvarad dakavSirebuli
unda iyos qveyanaSi arsebul ganaTlebis sistemasTan im mizniT, rom momavalSi am patim-
rebma daubrkoleblad SeZlon swavlis gagrZeleba.11
garda im rekomendaciebisa, romlebic orientirebulia arasrulwlovanTa mopyroba-
ze cixeSi yofnis dros, is aseve yuradRebas uTmobs maT mxardaWeras gaTavisuflebis
Semdeg „damatebiTi daxmareba unda gaewioT bavSvebs, romelTa gaTavisufleba xdeba cix-
idan.~12

2. gaeros saxelmZRvanelo principebi arasrulwlovanTa Soris

danaSaulis prevenciis Sesaxeb (riadis principebi)13

riadis saxelmZRvanelo principebi aqcents akeTebs kanonTan konfliqtSi myofi aras-

rulwlovnis mimarT iseTi saxis RonisZiebebis gamoyenebaze, romlebic aadvilebs yvela
bavSvisa da axalgazrda piris warmatebul socializaciasa da integracias. principebi
yuradRebas amaxvilebs ojaxebis, sazogadoebis, Tanatolebis jgufis, skolebis, profe-
siuli treningebisa da samuSaoSi Cabmis rolze da arasrulwlovnis socializaciis da
integraciis mniSvnelovan elementze. aseve TviTon arasrulwlovnis, rogorc Tanaswori
partnioris CarTvas misi resocializaciis procesSi, „Sesabamisi yuradReba unda gamax-
vildes bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebis Sesaferis pirovnul ganviTarebaze da isini miCneul
unda iqnen srulyofil da Tanaswor partniorebad socializaciisa da integraciis pro-
cesSi.14
a. ojaxi _ principebi prioritets aniWebs ojaxis rols bavSvis ganviTarebis pro-
cesSi da adgens saxelmwifoTa valdebulebas xeli Seuwyon ojaxis ganviTarebas bavSvis

10
igive, wesi 35.1, 35.2, 35.4.
11
igive, wesi 21 (2), 71, (5), 77 (1).
12
igive, wesi 35.3.
13
gaero-s saxelmZRvanelo principebi arasrulwlovanTa mier Cadenil danaSaulTan dakavSirebiT (UN Guide-
lines for the Prevention of Crime, 24 July 2002), riadis principebi adgens standartebs, romelTa mizania aras-
rulwlovanTa danaSaulis prevencia. dokumenti xelmisawvdomia misamarTze: https://www.unodc.org/.../crimi-
nal.../UN_standards_and_norms_in_crime_prevention
14
igive, Tavi IV socializaciis procesi, punqti 10.

132
arasrulwlovanTa sasjelis moxdis saerTaSoriso standartebis maia
zogadi mimoxilva xasaia

interesebidan gamomdinare, „mTavrobebma unda ganaxorcielon iseTi politika, romelic

xels uwyobs bavSvis aRzrdas stabilur da wynar ojaxur garemoSi. ojaxebs, romlebic
saWiroeben daxmarebas arastabiluri an konfliqturi pirobebis gadaWraSi, unda gaewioT
Sesabamisi daxmareba.~15
b. ganaTleba _ principebi yuradRebas uTmobs saganmanaTleblo procesis ganxor-
cielebas, mis xelmisawvdomobas nebismieri arasrulwlovnisaTvis da mis uzrunvelyofas
ganixilavs, rogorc mTavrobebis valdebulebas, rom „mTavrobebs akisriaT valdebuleba
yvela axalgazrdisaTvis xelmisawvdomi gaxadon sajaro ganaTleba.~16 garda ganaTlebis
xelmisawvdomobisa, is aseve adgens standartebs, romlebsac unda efuZnebodes ganaT-
lebis procesi, rogoricaa: ZiriTadi faseulobebis swavleba, bavSvis kulturuli TviT-
myofadobis ganviTareba da pativiscemas im qveynis socialuri faseulobebis Sesabamisad,
romelSic bavSvi cxovrobs; pirovnebis ganviTareba da pirovnebad CamoyalibebisaTvis
xelSewyoba, axalgazrda pirebis talantebis, sulieri da fizikuri SesaZleblobebis maq-
simalurad gamovlena; saganmanaTleblo procesSi axalgazrda pirebis aqtiurad da efeq-
tianad CarTva da pozitiuri emociuri mxardaWeris aRmoCena axalgazrda pirebisaTvis
da araswori fsiqologiuri mopyrobis Tavidan acileba.
g. sazogadoeba _ principebi ganixilaven sazogadoebis rols arasrulwlovanTa ganvi-
Tarebis sxvadasxva etapze da sxvadasxva sferoSi da ganmartaven mTavrobebis valdebule-
bas, xeli Seuwyon sazogadoebriv organizaciebsa da valantorul jgufebs, romlebic
axorcieleben programebs im arasrulwlovnebis mimarT, romlebic aseT programebs saW-
iroeben.
d. masmedia _ principebi aRiarebs masmediis rols bavSvis ganviTarebis procesSi da
xazs usvams masmediis waxalisebis saWiroebas, raTa man uzrunvelyos, rom axalgazrda
pirebs hqodeT informaciisa da masalebis xelmisawvdomoba mravalmxrivi erovnuli da
saerTaSoriso wyaroebidan. aseve, masmedias akisrebs sxvadasxva negatiuri qmedebebis
prevenciis valdebulebas, rom Tavidan iqnes acilebuli damamcirebeli da Rirsebis Sem-
laxveli prezentaciebi, gansakuTrebiT bavSvebTan, qalebTan da sxva mowyvlad jgufebTan
mimarTebiT. riadis principebi mouwodeben mTavrobebs miiRon da ganaxorcielon konk-
retuli kanonebi da procedurebi, raTa xeli Seuwyon da daicvan yvela axalgazrda ada-
mianis uflebebi da keTildReoba.
mniSvnelovania principebis damokidebuleba arasrulwlovanTa stigmatizaciisa da
kriminalizaciis Tavidan acilebis sakiTxSi, igi Semdegnairad udgeba stigmatizaciis
problemis gadaWris sakiTxs: „imisaTvis, rom aRvkveToT axalgazrda pirebis Semdgomi
stigmatizacia, viqtimizacia da kriminalizacia, ganxorcielebul unda iqnes kanonmde-
bloba, raTa uzrunvelyofil iqnes, rom nebismieri saqmianoba, romelic ar iTvleba
danaSaulad misi Cadenis periodSi, ar iTvlebodes danaSaulad da ar isjebodes im SemTx-
vevaSi, Tuki igi Cadenil iqneba axalgazrda piris mier~.17 riadis principebis Seajamebel
nawilSi yuradReba eTmoba kvlevas, politikis ganviTarebasa da koordinacias, sadac
ganixilavs RonisZiebebs mimarTuls arasrulwlovanTa danaSaulis Tavidan acilebisa da
prevenciis sakiTxebSi.

15
igive punqti 13.
16
igive, punqti 20.
17
igive, Tavi VI. kanonmdebloba da arasrulwlovnebTan dakavSirebuli marTlmsajulebis ganxorcieleba,
punqti 56.

133
sisxlis samarTlis aqtualuri sakiTxebi #1

3. standartebi, romlebic adgenen arasrulwlovanTa

sasjelis moxdis procedurebs

zemoaRniSnuli saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebisa da standartebis garda, arsebobs

araerTi standarti, romelic swored SemuSavebulia im mizniT, rom daadginos arasrul-
wlovnebTan mopyrobis standartebi sasjelis moxdis adgilebSi da Seqmnilia im miznis
misaRwevad, rom sasjelis moxdam ar iqonios damangreveli zegavlena arasrulwlovanis
fizikur da fsiqologiur mdgomareobaze.

gaeros standartuli minimaluri wesebi arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis adminis-

trirebis Sesaxeb (`pekinis wesebi~) _ (SemdgomSi pekinis wesebi)

saxelmZRvaneloSi „vmuSaobT erTad adamianis uflebebis, demokratiisa da kanonis

uzenaesobis mxardasaWerad~18 eqspertebi ganmartaven pekinis wesebis daniSnulebas, sadac
aRniSnulia, rom „ZiriTadi miznebi Seexeba mTlian socialur politikas da mimarTulia
arasrulwlovanTa keTildReobis maqsimalurad xelSewyobisaken, rac Seamcirebs aras-
rulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis gamoyenebis aucileblobas da Sesabamisad, Seamcirebs
zians, rac SeiZleba gamoiwvios [marTlmsajulebis] gamoyenebam~. amdenad pekinis wesebs
aqvs zogadi xasaTi da is sasjelis moxdaze orientirebul dokuments ar warmoadgens.
kerZod, wesebSi vxvdebiT ss marTlmsajulebis sitemis sxvadasxva aspeqtis regulirebas,
rogoricaa sasamarTlo ganxilvis procedurebi, policiis specializacia da sxva.
a. arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis miznebi _ miznebi or nawilad SeiZleba gaiyos.
pirveli mizani _ es aris arasrulwlovanTa keTildReobis xelSewyoba da meore, `pro-
porciulobis (Tanazomierebis) principi~, romelic SegviZlia ganvixiloT, rogorc dams-
jelobiTi sanqciebis Semakavebeli saSualeba, romelTa realizebac ZiriTadad gamoix-
ateba nebismieri gadawyvetilebis samarTliani midgomiT miRebaSi samarTaldarRvevis
simZimis gaTvaliswinebiT.
b. diskreciuli uflebamosileba _ diskreciuli uflebamosileba Tavis TavSi aer-
Tianebs arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis efeqturi, samarTliani da humanuri ad-
ministrirebis ramdenime ZiriTad elements, rogoricaa diskreciuli uflebamosilebis
ganxorcieleba procesis warmoebis yvela mniSvnelovan etapze, raTa maT, vinc iRebs gad-
awyvetilebebs, SeeZloT im RonisZiebebis gatareba, romlebic yvelaze metad miesadageba
mocemul saqmes; Semowmeba da blansireba, raTa Tavidan iqnes acilebuli diskreciuli
uflebamosilebiT borotad sargebloba da dacul iqnes kanonTan konfliqtSi myofi
arasrulwlovnis uflebebi, angariSvaldebuleba da profesionalizmi. amgvarad, pro-
fesiuli kvalifikaciis amaRlebasa da saeqsperto momzadebas gansakuTrebuli roli
eniWeba arasrulwlovanTa saqmeebze diskreciuli uflebamosilebis keTilgonivrulad
gamoyenebis uzrunvelyofisas.19
g. arasrulwlovanTa uflebebi _ uflebaTa konteqstSi wesebi aqcents akeTebs im
uflebebze, romlebic warmoadgenen miukerZoebeli da samarTliani sasamarTlos uzrun-
velyofis garantias, rogoricaa udanaSaulobis prezumfcia, dacvis uflebis uzrun-
velyofa da sxva. „samarTalwarmoebis yvela etpze garantirebuli unda iyos ZiriTadi
procesualuri garantiebi, rogoricaa, udanaSaulobis prezumfcia, ufleba, gaecnos

18
saxelmZRvanelo „vmuSaobT erTad adamianis uflebebis, demokratiisa da kanonis uzenaesobis mxardasa-
Werad“, UNISEF, 2016.
19
gaeros standartuli minimaluri wesebi arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis administrirebis Sesaxeb
(`pekinis wesebi~), punqti 3.1.

134
arasrulwlovanTa sasjelis moxdis saerTaSoriso standartebis maia
zogadi mimoxilva xasaia

wayenebul braldebas, dumilis ufleba, dacviT sargeblobis ufleba, mSoblis an meur-

vis daswrebis ufleba, mowmeTa dapirispirebisa da jvaredini dakiTxvis ufleba da ufro
maRal instanciaSi gasaCivrebis ufleba.~20
d. piradi cxovrebis dacva _ gansakuTrebulad mgrZnobiare Temad unda ganvixiloT
arasrulwlovnis piradi cxovrebis uflebis dacvis upiratesi mniSvneloba, radganac
arasrulwlovani, romelic xvdeba Tavisuflebis aRkveTis adgilebSi, metad eqvemdebare-
ba stigmatzacias, vidre srulwlovani, amdenad, „yvela etapze dacul unda iqnes aras-
rulwlovnis ufleba pirad cxovrebaze, raTa Tavidan iqnes acilebuli arasaTanado sa-
jaroobiT an reputaciis SelaxviT gamowveuli ziani. zogadad, ar SeiZleba gamoqveyndes
informacia, romelic xels Seuwyobs arasrulwlovnis pirovnebis dadgenas.~21
e. winaswari patimroba _ wesebi sisxlis samarTlis marTlmsajulebis sistemas mou-
wodebs winaswari patimrobis Tavidan acilebisaken, arasrulwlovnis keTildReobis in-
teresis gaTvaliswinebiT, misi rogorc ukiduresi RonisZiebis gamoyenebasa da alter-
natiuli RonisZiebebis gamoyenebisaken. is aseve mouwodebs patimrobis alternatiuli
meTodebis gamoyenebisken, rogoricaa mudmivi zedamxedveloba, intensiuri meurveoba
an ojaxSi, an saswavlo dawesebulebaSi ganTavseba da sxva, aRniSnuli alternatiuli
RonisZiebebi SesaZlebelia gansxvavdebodes qveyanaSi arsebuli kanonebisa da specifikis
mixedviT. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu alternatiuli RonisZiebebi ar iqneba gamoyenebuli, wesebi
uTiTebs, rom „winaswari patimrobis ganmavlobaSi arasrulwlovnebze unda zrunavdnen,
isini unda iyvnen daculni da miiRon saTanado individualuri daxmareba _ socialuri,
saganmanaTleblo, profesiuli, fsiqologiuri, samedicino da fizikuri _ rac SeiZleba
aucilebeli iyos maTi asakis, sqesisa da pirovnebis gaTvaliswinebiT~.22
v. instituciuri mopyroba _ pekinis wesebi instituciuri mopyrobis farglebSi ganix-
ilavs penitenciur dawesebulebaSi moTavsebis standartebs, sadac igi adgils uTmobs
penitenciur dawesebulebaSi moTavsebul arasrulwlovnebTan mopyrobis specifikas, ro-
melic gansxvavdeba im pirobebisagan, rac unda iqnes Seqmnili srulwlovnebTan mimarTe-
baSi, „dawesebulebaSi ganTavsebuli arasrulwlovnebi miiReben mzrunvelobas, dacvasa
da saWiro daxmarebas _ socialurs, saganmanaTleblo, profesiul, fsiqologiur, samed-
icino da fizikurs _ rac SeiZleba aucilebeli iyos maTi asakis, sqesisa da pirovnebis
gaTvaliswinebiT, agreTve maTi srulyofili ganviTarebis interesebis Sesabamisad.23 aqve
adgili eTmoba specifikur midgomas axalgazrda samarTaldamrRvev qalebTan mimarTeba-
Si maTi saWiroebebis gaTvaliswinebiT.
T. pirobiT vadamde adre gaTavisuflebis gamoyeneba _ wesebi mouwodebs saxelmwi-
foebs vadamde adre gaTavisuflebis ufro xSirad da efeqturad gamoyenebisken. Tumca
is yuradRebis miRma ar tovebs gaTavisuflebis Semdgom kontrolis saWiroebas da ase-
Ti kontrolis formebsa da meTodebs „saTanado xelisuflebis organo daxmarebasa da
zedamxedvelobas gauwevs dawesebulebidan pirobiT ganTavisuflebul arasrulwlovans,
romelmac unda miiRos sazogadoebis sruli mxardaWerac~.24
mizanSewonili iqneba pekinis wesebSi bolo Semajamebel punqtad ganvixiloT wesebis
meeqvse nawili, romelic eZRvneba kvlevas, dagegmvas, politikis formulirebasa da Se-
fasebas. yoveli mocemuli komponenti unda moviazroT efeqturobis garantad rogorc
sasjelaRsrulebis procesSi, aseve sasjelis moxdis Semdgom sazogadoebaSi integraciis
TvalsazrisiT.
20
igive, Tavi - „arasrulwlovanTa uflebebi, punqti“ 7.1.
21
igive, Tavi „piradi cxovrebis dacva“, punqti 8.
22
pekinis wesebi, wesi 13.
23
pekinis wesebi, wesi 26.2.
24
pekinis wesebi, wesi 28.2.

135
sisxlis samarTlis aqtualuri sakiTxebi #1

gaeros wesebi TavisuflebaaRkveTili

arasrulwlovnebis dasacavad (`havanis wesebi~)25

havanis wesebi mowodebulia xeli SeuSalos im uaryofiT zegavlenas, romelic axas-

iaTebs Tavisuflebis aRkveTis adgilebSi arasrulwlovanTa ganTavsebas da Sesabamisad,
xeli Seuwyos sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi maT CarTulobas. amasTan, wesebi warmoadgens
garkveul gzamkvlevs im specialistebisaTvis, romelic axorcieleben aseTi dawese-
bulebis marTvas.
niSandoblivia, havanis wesebis ganmarteba arasrulwlovanTa patimrobis Sesaxeb _
„Tavisuflebis aRkveTa niSnavs nebismieri piris nebismieri formiT dakavebas an dapa-
timrebas, an mis ganTavsebas saxelmwifo Tu kerZo gamasworebel dawesebulebaSi, sadac
arasrulwlovans sasamarTlos, administraciuli Tu sxva saxelmwifo organoebs gad-
awyvetilebiT ar eZleva ufleba misi survilisamebr datovos es adgili~.26 wesebi ganix-
ilavs regulirebis meqanizmebs dapatimrebul an sasamarTlo procesis molodinSi myof
arasrulwlovnebTan mimarTebaSi, da ganmartavs, rom isini sasamarTlos gadawyvetile-
bamde iTvlebian udanaSaulod da unda hqondeT Sesabamisi mopyroba.
wesebi saubrobs im moTxovnebze, romlebsac unda pasuxobdes sasjelaRsrulebis
dawesebuleba, „Tavisuflebis aRkveTa unda xorcieldebodes im pirobebSi da garemoe-
bebSi, romelic uzrunvelyofs adamianis uflebaTa dacvas. arasrulwlovnis interese-
bidan gamomdinare, Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebebSi garantirebuli unda iyos
efeqturi RonisZiebebi da programebi, romelic xels Seuwyobs maT janmrTelobasa da
Tavmoyvareobas, pasuxismgeblobis grZnobis ganviTarebas da iseTi damokidebulebebisa
da unar-Cvevebis formirebas, rac daexmareba maT maTi, rogorc sazogadoebis wevris
potencialis ganviTarebas.27 rogorc vxedavT, wesebi mTavar aqcents akeTebs ramodenime
ZiriTad mimarTulebaze, rogoricaa uflebebis ganuxreli dacvis uzrunvelyofa, janmr-
Telobis dacvis adekvaturi pirobebis uzrunvelyofa, arasrulwlovanSi Tavmoyvareo-
bis grZnobis gaRrmaveba da misi dacva, bolos ki saubrobs programebis aucileblobaze,
romelic unda daexmaros arasrulwlovans Camoyalibdes sazogadoebis sruluflebian
wevrad. aqve unda aRiniSnos specifikuri rekomendacia dawesebulebis zomebTan dakav-
SirebiT da ganmartavs, rom daxurul instituciebSi ar unda iyos ganTavsebuli msjavr-
debulTa didi raodenoba, raTa SesaZlebeli iyos individualuri midgomebis gamoyeneba.
wesebi prioritets aniWebs arasrulwlovnebTan individualuri midgomebis gamoy-
enebas, sadac ganmartavs, rom „Semosvlidan umokles droSi unda Catardes gasaubreba
arasrulwlovanTan da unda momzaddes fsiqologiuri da socialuri angariSi~.28 aR-
niSnuli gasaubrebebis mizans warmoadgens mopyrobis, movlisa da programebis dagegmva
arasrulwlovnis saWiroebebze dayrdnobiT. wesebi adgens SezRudvebs, rom arasrulw-
lovani unda moTavsdes mxolod im dawesebulebaSi, sadac gaTvaliswinebuli iqneba misi
specifiuri saWiroebebi, rac Seesabameba maT asaks, sqess, individualobas, fizikur da
fsiqikur mdgomareobas, rac maqsimalurad daicavs maT uaryofiTi zemoqmedebisagan.
ganTavsebis pirobebi, romelic unda Seesatyvisebodes arasrulwlovnis aRzrdis saW-
iroebas, mis emociur mdgomareobas, TanatolebTan urTierTobas, sportul da sagan-
25
United Nations General Assembly, United Nations Rules for the Protection of Juveniles Deprived of their Liberty (the Hava-
na Rules), adopted by resolution 45/113, 14 December 1990, havanis wesebSi detaluradaa mocemuli Tavisufle-
baaRkveTil arasrulwlovanze zrunvisa da mis mimarT mopyrobis minimaluri standartebi. dokumenti
xelmisawvdomia misamarTze: www.un.org/documents/ga/res/45/a45r113
26
igive, punqti 3.2.
27
gaeros wesebi TavisuflebaaRkveTili arasrulwlovnebis dasacavad (`havanis wesebi~), Tavi meore, wesebis
moqmedebis sfero da gamoyeneba, punqti 12.
28
igive, punqti 27.

136
arasrulwlovanTa sasjelis moxdis saerTaSoriso standartebis maia
zogadi mimoxilva xasaia

manaTleblo programebSi monawileobas. rac Seexeba saZinebel oTaxebs, wesebi ganmar-

tavs, rom is unda iyos mcire zomis patara jgufebisaTvis.
wesebSi pirvel planzea wamoweuli piradi nivTebis qonis aucilebloba da ganmar-
tavs, rom „SesaZlebloba, rom hqondeT piradi nivTebi, warmoadgens piradi cxovrebis
uflebis erTerT ZiriTad elements da aqvs gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba arasrulwlo-
vanis fsiqologiuri keTildReobisTvis.~29 garda sxva piradi nivTebisa, wesebSi vxvdeb-
iT piradi tansacmlis qonis aucileblobas, sadac gansakuTrebiT xazs usvams SemTx-
vevas, rodesac arasrulwlovani unda iqnes gayvanili dawesebulebis gareT, rodesac
is gvevlineba sazogadoebis uaryofiTi reaqciisa da stigmatizaciis Tavidan acilebis
garantad.
TavSi „ganaTleba, profesiuli momzadeba da dasaqmeba~, garda standartuli zog-
adi regulirebisa, wesebi gansakuTrebul aqcents akeTebs ganaTlebis adekvaturobasa
da mis xarisxze, rom „yvela saskolo asakis arasrulwlovans aqvs ganaTlebis miRebis
ufleba misi saWiroebebis da SesaZleblobebis mixedviT, rac miznad isaxavs mis sazo-
gadoebSi dabrunebisaTvis momzadebas~.30 aqve saubrobs administraciis valdebuleba-
ze, Seqmnas pirobebi mowyvladi jgufebisaTvis, rogoricaa ucxoelebi, aseve arasrulw-
lovnebi, romlebsac gaaCniaT specifikuri kulturuli da eTnikuri saWiroebebi, aseve
gansakuTrebuli sirTuleebi aRqmis TvalsazrisiT. mocemul wesebSi vxvdebiT saswavlo
procesis regulirebas gaTavisuflebis Semdgom im pirebis mimarT, romlebic iyvnen Car-
Tuli saganmanaTleblo programeSi da gaxdnen srulwlovani, mocemul SemTxvevaSi aseT
pirebs unda mieces swavlis gagrZelebis ufleba Sesatyvisi programiT. aqve adgili aqvs
daTmobili penitenciur dawesebulebaSi yofnis dros miRebuli ganaTlebis damadas-
turebeli dokumentis formas, sadac, wesebis Tanaxmad, ar unda iyos araviTari Canaweri,
rom pirma ganaTleba miiRo penitenciur sistemaSi yofnis dros.
arasrulwlovanTa SromasTan damokidebulebaSi wesebi ganmartavs, rom maT unda
hqondeT SesaZlebloba SearCion samuSaos tipi. Tumca, garda amisa, sifrTxiliT ekide-
ba arasrulwlovanTa dasaqmebis sakiTxs da adgens standarts, rom „yvela erovnuli da
saerTaSoriso damcavi normebi, romelic gamoiyeneba bavSvTa Sromasa da axalgazrda
dasaqmebulebTan mimarTebaSi unda iyos da gavrceldes im arasrulwlovnebze, romlebic
imyofebian Tavisuflebis aRkveTis pirobebSi.~31
havanis wesebs axasiaTebs specifikuri midgomebi, romlebsac arasrulwlovnebis
konteqstSi umniSvnelovanesi roli aqvs, magaliTad, sportTan mimarTebaSi, garda imi-
sa, rom arasrulwlovans unda hqondes dro da Sesabamisi aRWurviloba srulyofili
fizikuri varjiSisaTvis, aqve wesebi ganmartavs fizikuri SesaZleblobebis gaTvalis-
winebisa da samkurnalo varjiSebis xelmisawvdomobis aucileblobas, rom „penitenci-
urma dawesebulebam unda uzrunvelyos yvela arasrulwlovnis fizikuri SesaZlebloba,
miiRos monawileoba fizikuri momzadebis SemoTavazebul programaSi. arasrulwlovans,
romelsac esaWiroeba samkurnalo fizikuri varjiSi da Terapia, SeeTavazeba Sesabamisi
kursi samedicino zedamxedvelobis farglebSi.~32
wesebi ganixilavs samedicino momsaxurebas da mis xelmisawvdomobas arasrulwlo-
van msjavrdebulebTan mimarTebaSi, romelic unda Seesabamebodes maT asaks, sqess, saW-
irobebs, sadac ganmartavs momsaxurebis xarisxs da samedicino personalis kvalifikaciis
gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas. aqve vxvdebiT ganmartebebs, romlebic arasrulwlovnebTan
mimarTebaSi gacilebiT maRal moTxovnebs ayenebs, magaliTad, „samedicino momsaxure-
29
igive, punqti 35.
30
igive, punqti 38.
31
igive, punqti 44.
32
igive, punqti 47.

137
sisxlis samarTlis aqtualuri sakiTxebi #1

bas, romelic miewodeba arasrulwlovnebs, unda emsaxurebodes mizans, gamoavlinos da

gankurnos nebismieri fizikuri Tu fsiqikuri daavadeba, narkomania Tu sxva gadaxra,
romelsac SeuZlia Seaferxos arasrulwlovnis sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi CarTva~.33
amasTanave, igi adgens amkrZalav daTqmas, rom „arasrulwlovnebze arc erT SemTxvevaSi
ar SeiZleba gamoicados medikamentebi da mkurnalobis meTodebi. nebismieri samedicino
saSualebis gamoyeneba yovelTvis unda iyos sanqcionirebuli da moxdes kvalificiuri
samedicino personalis mier~.34 gansxvavebiT srulwlovnebisagan, romlebzec aRniSnuli
eqsperimentis daSveba SesaZlebelia misi survilisa da Tanxmobis SemTxvevaSi.
wesebi farTod uTmobs adgils gare samyarosTan urTierTobas, rac arasrulwlovnis
ganviTarebis erT-erT umniSvnelovanes komponents warmoadgens, sadac ganmartavs, rom
„yvela saSualeba unda iyos gamoyenebuli imisaTvis, rom uzrunvelyofili iyos aras-
rulwlovnis saTanado kavSiri gare samyarosTan, rac warmoadgens samarTliani da huma-
nuri mopyrobis uflebis ganuyofel nawils da aqvs umTavresi mniSvneloba arasrulw-
lovnis sazogadoebaSi dasabruneblad momzadebisaTvis~.35
mniSvnelovania moTxovna, romelsac wesebi disciplinuri gamoyenebis nawilSi ayenebs
penitenciuri administraciebis winaSe. „yvela disciplinuri zoma da procedura unda
emsaxurebodes usafrTxoebasa da wesrigis dacvas, Seesatyvisebodes mTavar amocanas,
rogoricaa arasrulwlovanTa ganuyofeli Rirsebis dacva, pasuxobdes Tavisuflebis
aRkveTis mTavar mizans, samarTlianobis grZnoba, Tavmoyvareoba da yoveli adamianis
ZiriTadi uflebebis pativiscema.36
arasrulwlovanTa sasjelis moxdis procesi unda eqvemdebarebodes sistematur
kontrols da inspeqtirebas, radganac is unda Seesatyvisebodes arasrulwlovanTa gan-
viTarebis sazogadoebaSi arsebul standartebs, raTa, pirvel rigSi, sasjelis moxdis
Semdgom arasrulwlovani unda iyos mzad advilad integrirdes sazogadoebriv cxovre-
baSi da meore, stigmatizaciisagan gaTavisufleba. yovelive zemoaRniSnuli unda iyos
garantirebuli ori ZiriTadi aspeqtiT, esaa damoukidebeli monitoringis sistemisa da
gasaCivrebis efeqturi meqanizmebis arseboba. aseve vxvdebiT gasaCivrebis procedurebis
regulirebas da uflebas, nebismier instanciaSi gadaagzavnos saCivari misi survilis
Sesabamisad. wesebi krZalavs cenzuras da mouwodebs saCivris ganxilvis damoukidebeli
meqanizmebis Seqmnaze. „zomebi unda iqnes miRebuli TavisuflebaaRkveTil arasrulwlo-
vanTa saCivrebis miRebis, ganxilvisa da samarTliani daregulirebis xelSewyobis mizniT
damoukidebeli samsaxuris (ombudsmenis) Sesaqmnelad.37
personali da maTi momzadeba penitenciuri sistemis umniSvnelovanes nawils war-
moadgens da misi roli sasjelis miznis miRwevaSi niSandoblivia. yvela saerTaSori-
so standarti, romelic penitenciuri sistemis saqmianobis efeqturobis amaRlebiskenaa
mimarTuli, adgils uTmobs sistemis personalis xarisxsa da mis momzadeba/gadamzadebas.
havanis wesebi saubroben rogorc personalis kvalifikaciaze, aseve maT kategorizacaze
da ganmartaven, rom masSi unda moiazrebodes sakmarisi raodenoba iseTi personali-
sa, rogoricaa aRmzrdeli, profesiuli momzadebis instruqtori, socialuri muSaki,
fsiqologi da fsiqiatri. wesebSi adgili eTmoba SerCevis procedurebs da momzade-
bas, sadac yuradRebas uTmobs iseT maxasiaTeblebs, rogoricaa humanuroba, arasrulw-
lovnebTan muSaobis unari, profesiuli unarebi „personalma unda miiRis iseTi momza-
deba, romelic mas saSualebas miscems efeqturad Seasrulos Tavisi movaleobebi, maT
33
igive, punqti 51.
34
igive, punqti 55.
35
igive, punqti 59.
36
igive, Tavi l. disciplinuri reJimi, punqti 66.
37
igive.

138
arasrulwlovanTa sasjelis moxdis saerTaSoriso standartebis maia
zogadi mimoxilva xasaia

Soris nawilobriv momzadeba sabavSvo fsiqologiis, bavSvTa keTildReobis sferoSi da

saerTaSoriso normebis gacnoba, adamianis uflebebisa da bavSvTa uflebebis sferoSi.38

gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa komitetis zogadi komentari #10

marTlmsajulebis sistemaSi bavSvis uflebebis Sesaxeb

zogad komentarebSi ganxilulia bavSvTa uflebaTa konvenciaSi ganxiluli uflebebis

sruli speqtri kanonTan konfliqtSi myof arasrulwlovanTan mimarTebaSi. komentareb-
Si ganmartebulia danaSaulis ukiduresad uaryofiTi zegavlena bavSvebis ganviTarebasa
da adamianis uflebaTa dacvis rolze sisxlis samarTlis marTlmsajulebis sistemis
miznebis misaRwevad, „ZiriTadi uflebis dacvam Sedegad unda moitanos arasrulwlo-
vanTa marTlmsajulebis iseTi politikis amoqmedeba, romelic pirdapir ukavSirdeba
bavSvis ganviTarebis sakiTxebs.~39
komentarebi saxelmwifoebs avaldebulebs daicvan kanonTan konfliqtSi myofi aras-
rulwlovnebi nebismieri saxis diskriminaciisagan. „daicvan kanonTan konfliqtSi myofi
bavSvebis Tanabari mopyrobis ufleba. gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda mieqces defaqto
diskriminacias da uTanasworobas, romelic SeiZleba araTanmimdevruli politikidan
gamomdinareobdes da gansakuTrebiT Seexos bavSvebis iseT daucvel jgufebs, rogorebic
arian, magaliTad, quCis bavSvebi, bavSvebi, romlebic miekuTvnebian rasobriv, eTnikur,
religiur an lingvistur umciresobebs; gogonebi, SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone
bavSvebi da agreTve is bavSvebi, romlebic xSirad arRveven kanons (recidivistebi). am
kuTxiT, mniSvnelovania arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis administrirebaSi monawile
yvela specialistis momzadeba. garda amisa, saWiroa SemuSavebul da dacul iqnes wese-
bi da regulaciebi, romlebic uzrunvelyofs kanondamrRvevi bavSvis mimarT Tanaswor
mopyrobas da aseve uzrunvelyofs gamosworebisa da kompensaciis meqanizmebs~.40
komentarebSi ganmartebulia bavSvis WeSmariti interesis roli arasrulwlovanTa
marTlmsajulebis aRsrulebis procesSi da asaxelebs misi gaTvaliswinebis saWiroebis
obieqtur safuZvlebs, rogoricaa ufrosebisgan gansaxvavebuli fizikuri da fsiqologi-
uri ganviTareba, emociuri da saganmanaTleblo saWiroebebi da swored esaa is gansxvave-
bebi, ris safuZvelzec kanonTan konfliqtSi myof bavSvebs unda daekisroT SedarebiT
msubuqi pasuxismgebloba. es gansxvavebebi warmoSobs arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsaju-
lebis sistemis gancalkevebisa da bavSvebis mimarT gansxvavebuli mopyrobis saWiroe-
bas. principebi ganmartavs, Tu raSi unda gamoixatos kanondamrRvevi bavSvis WeSmariti
interesebis dacva, „kanondamrRvevi bavSvebis mimarT gulisxmobs, sisxlis samarTlis
iseTi tradiciuli amocanebis Canacvlebas, rogoricaa represia/dasja reabilitaciiTa
da aRdgeniTi marTlmsajulebiT, rac aucilebelia ganxorcieldes sazogadoebis usa-
frTxoebis sakiTxis gaTvaliswinebiT.~41
niSandoblivia ganmarteba, rom „bavSvebis mier gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSaulis Ca-
denis SemTxvevaSi, miRebuli zoma unda iyos danaSaulis garemoebebisa da simZimis pro-
porciuli da aseve iTvaliswinebdes sazogadoebrivi usafrTxoebis saWiroebas. bavSvebis
SemTxvevaSi, maTi keTildReobis, maTi WeSmariti interesebis dacvisa da reintegraci-
is xelSewyobis saWiroebas upiratesoba unda mieniWos amgvari faqtorebis gaTvalis-
winebiT.~42

38
igive, Tavis v. personali, punqti 85.
39
gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa komitetis zogadi komentari #10 marTlmsajulebis sistemaSi bavSvis uflebebis
Sesaxeb, qveTavi „diskriminaciis dauSvebloba“, punqti 6.
40
igive.
41
igive, qveTavi, „bavSvis WeSmariti interesi“, punqti 10.
42
igive, punqti 71.

139
sisxlis samarTlis aqtualuri sakiTxebi #1

zogadi komentari #14 (2013 14 (2013 w. w.) ) bavSvis uflebis Sesaxeb,

mis saukeTeso interess daeTmos upirvelesi yuradReba
(me-3 muxlis pirveli punqti)

komentarebSi ZiriTad ganxilulia konvenciis mesame muxlis pirveli punqti, ro-

melic saubrobs bavSvis WeSmarit interesebze, mis Sefasebasa da marTlmsajulebis
sistemis damokidebulebaze bavSvis WeSmariti interesebis gaTvaliswinebiT. komentar-
ebi ganmartavs, rom bavSvis WeSmariti interesebi ar aris sfero, romelic erTjeradad
unda Sefasdes da iqnes gamoyenebuli, aramed „bavSvis saukeTeso interesebis Sefaseba
unikaluri saqmianobaa, romelic unda ganxorcieldes TiToeul individualur saqmeSi
TiToeuli bavSvis, bavSvTa jgufis an zogadad bavSvebis konkretuli garemoebebis gaT-
valiswinebiT.43 komentarebi aseve saubrobs, Tu rogor unda Sefasdes bavSvis WeSmariti
interesebi, romelic ZiriTadad, eyrdnoba bavSvis individualur maxasaTeblebs, rogori-
caa „asaki, sqesi, simwifis xarisxi, gamocdileba, umciresobaTa jgufisadmi kuTvnileba,
fizikuri, sensoruli an inteleqtualuri SezRuduli SesaZleblobis qona, iseve, ro-
gorc socialuri da kulturuli konteqsti, romelSic bavSvi an bavSvebi aRmoCndebian,
rogoricaa mSoblebis arseboba an ararseboba, cxovrobs Tu ara bavSvi maTTan, bavSvis
urTierTobebis xarisxi Tavis ojaxTan an mzrunvelebTan, garemo usafrTxoebis Tval-
sazrisiT, ojaxisaTvis xelmisawvdomi xarisxiani alternatiuli saSualebebis arsebo-
ba, naTesavebi, mzrunvelebi da sxv.~44 aqve komentarebi amomwuravad ganixilavs bavSvis
saukeTeso interesebis Sefasebisas gasaTvaliswinebel elementebs, rogoricaa: a) bavSvis
mosazrebebi _ rac moiazrebs bavSvis uflebas, gamoxatos Tavisi mosazrebebi nebismieri
im gadawyvetilebis Sesaxeb, romelic mis mimarT iqneba miRebuli; b) bavSvis identoba _
rogoricaa sqesi, seqsualuri orientacia, religia da rwmena, kulturuli identoba,
pirovneba; g) ojaxuri garemosa da urTierTobebis SenarCuneba _ bavSvze mSoblebTan
daSorebis zegavlenis simZimidan gamomdinare, amgvari daSoreba unda ganxorcieldes
mxolod rogorc ukiduresi zoma, rodesac bavSvs emuqreba uSualo safrTxe, an, rode-
sac es sxvagvarad aris aucilebeli; d) bavSvze zrunva, misi dacva da usafrTxoeba _ rom
es cnebebi ar unda iyos ganxiluli uaryofiT konteqstSi, rogorc zianisagan dacva,
aramed igi unda iqnes ganxiluli pozitiur konteqstSi, rogorc bavSvis „keTildReobi-
sa~ da ganviTarebis uzrunvelyofa „bavSvTa keTildReoba, farTo gagebiT, gulisxmobs
maT ZiriTad materialur, fizikur, saganmanaTleblo da emociur saWiroebebs, iseve,
rogorc siyvarulisa da usafrTxoebis saWiroebas.~45 e) daucveloba _ sadac ganxilulia
mowyvladi jgufebi da maT mimarT yvela im uflebebis ganxorcielebis aucilebloba,
romelic sxva arasrulwlovan pirebze iqneba gavrcelebuli. mowyvlad jgufebad moiaz-
reba „SezRuduli SesaZleblobebi, umciresobis jgufisadmi, ltolvilis an TavSesafris
maZieblis statusi, Zaladobis msxverploba, quCaSi cxovreba da sxv.~46 v) bavSvis ufleba,
isargeblos janmrTelobis dacviT _ garda imisa, rom komentarebSi vxvdebiT janmrTe-
lobis dacvis xelmisawvdomobas bavSvis asakis, sqesisa da sxva saWiroebebis gaTvalis-
winebiT, aqve xazs usvams Sesabamisi mkurnalobis valdebulebas. mocemuli Tavi aseve mo-
icavs informacias „Tambaqosa da sxva nivTierebebis moxmarebis, kvebis Sesaxeb, saTanado
informacias sqesobrivi da reproduqciuli sakiTxebis, naadrevi orsulobis riskebis,
aiv/Sids-isa da sqesobrivi gziT gadamdebi infeqciebis Sesaxeb; z) bavSvis ganaTlebis
43
zogadi komentari #14 (2013 14 (2013 w. w.) ) bavSvis uflebis Sesaxeb, mis saukeTeso interess daeTmos up-
irvelesi yuradReba (me-3 muxlis pirveli punqti), punqti 32.
44
igive punqti a. saukeTeso interesebis Sefaseba da gansazRvra, qvepunqti 48.
45
igive, qvepunqti 71.
46
igive, qvepunqti 75.

140
arasrulwlovanTa sasjelis moxdis saerTaSoriso standartebis maia
zogadi mimoxilva xasaia

ufleba, romelSic ganmartebulia bavSvis ufaso da maRalxarisxiani ganaTlebis xelmi-

sawvdomoba.

evropis sabWos ministrTa komitetis saxelmZRvanelo direqtivebi

bavSvze orientirebuli marTlmsajulebis Taobaze
(miRebulia ministrTa komitetis mier 2010 wlis 17 noembers)

evropis sabWos saxelmZRvanelo direqtivebi erT-erTi uaxlesi dokumentia, rome-

lic ganixilavs specializebuli sisxlis samarTlis marTlmsajulebis sitemis Seqmnas,
rogoricaa: specializebuli mosamarTleebisa da advokatebis da sasamarTloebis Seqmna,
romlebic mxolod bavSvTa sakiTxebze imuSaveben; bavSvebsa da maT mSoblebze orientire-
buli RonisZiebebis gamoyenebis aucilebloba. amasTan, direqtivebi mouwodebs saxelmwi-
foebs gasaCivrebis meqanizmebis xelmisawvdomobis uzrunvelyofisaken, rom aRiaron da
gaaZlieron arasamTavrobo organizaciebisa da sxva damoukidebeli institutebis roli
gasaCivrebis meqanizmebis xelmisawvdomobis gaumjobesebis sferoSi rogorc erovnul,
aseve saerTaSoriso doneze.
direqtivebi xazs usvams multidisciplinarul midgomebs, bavSvis mimarT gamotanili
yvela gadawyvetilebisaTvis saerTo CarCos Seqmnas, da ganmartavs, rom „yvela profe-
sionalisTvis (advokatebi, fsiqologebi, policia, saimigracio samsaxurebis personali,
socialuri muSakebi da mediatorebi), romlebic samarTalwarmoebasTan an sxva interven-
ciasTan dakavSirebuli, an monawile bavSvebis Sefasebaze arian pasuxismgebeli, Sefasebis
saerTo CarCo unda SemuSavdes, raTa es informacia gadawyvetilebebis miRebaze pasux-
ismgebel pirebs waredginos da bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli gadawyvetilebebi am Sefase-
bebze dayrdnobiTa da bavSvis saukeTeso interesebis gaTvaliswinebiT iqnes miRebuli.~47
garda ss marTlmsajulebis sitemis sxvadasxva elementis ganxilvisa, direqtivebi
mTavar aqcents akeTebs ss marTlmsajulebis sistemis monawile yvela im specialis-
tis, specializebul momzadebas, romlebic bavSvTa sakiTxebze muSaoben, aseve Sesabamisi
mxardaWerisa da treningebis gaivlis saWiroebas, romlebic gansakuTrebulad adgils
uTmobs bavSvTa uflebebis efeqturad ganxorcielebis xelSewyobas, gansakuTrebiT ki
bavSvTa saukeTeso interesebis Sefasebisa da gaTvaliswinebis mizniT iseTi procedurebis
ganxorcielebis procesSi, romlebic bavSvis mdgomareobaze axdenen zegavlenas. im per-
sonalis maRali profesionalizmi da maTi sistematuri momzadeba-gadamzadeba, kanonTan
konflqtSi myof arasrulwlovnebTan mopyrobisa da maTTan muSaobis specifikis sakiTx-
ebSi ss samarTlis marTlmsajulebis sistemis erT-erT umTavres elements warmoadgens.

daskvna

saqmianobis procesSi Cven SevxvdebiT araerT sxva wessa da princips, romelsac aqvs
rogorc saerTaSoriso, ise regionuli xasiaTi, romelic pirdapir Tu arapirdapir
mimarTulia arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis sitemis da maT Soris arasrulwlovan-
Ta sasjelis aRsrulebis sitemis daregulirebisaken. winamdebare statia, romlis miza-
nia arasrulwlovanTa sasjelis moxdis standartebis mimoxilva, ganixilavs maT ZiriTad
nawils, romlis yoveldRiur saqmianobaSi gamoyeneba ss marTlmsajulebis sistemis efeq-
turobisa da misi sistemuri ganviTarebis garantad SeiZleba moviazriT.

47
evropis sabWos ministrTa komitetis saxelmZRvanelo direqtivebi bavSvze orientirebuli marTlmsaju-
lebis Taobaze bavSvze (miRebulia ministrTa komitetis mier 2010 wlis 17 noembers, punqti V, e. qvepunqti.

141
sisxlis samarTlis aqtualuri sakiTxebi #1

mTavari aqcentebi, romlebsac mocemul standartebSi vxvdebiT, aris arasrulwlo-

vanTa ganviTarebisaTvis Sesatyvisi sasjelis aRsrulebis adgilebis Seqmna da formire-
ba, sadac ZiriTadi yuradReba daeTmoba arasrulwlovanTa ganviTarebas sazogadoebaSi
arsebuli standartebis Sesabamisad, ojaxTan da im adamianebTan sistematuri kontaq-
tis SenarCunebiT, romlebis dadebiT zegavlenas axdenen maT ganviTarebaze. sasjelis
moxdis procesis bazireba arasrulwlovanTa ganaTlebasa da profesiul momzadebaze,
dasaqmebisaTvis saWiro unarebis Camoyalibebasa da maT fizikur da fsiqikur momzade-
baze sazogadoebaSi dasabruneblad, sadac is Tavisufali iqneba stigmisa da uaryofiTi
zemoqmedebisgan da sadac aqtiurad SeZlebs CaerTos sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi.

142
 ojaxis faqtori arasrulwlovnis samarTlebrivi
aRzrdisa da marTlSegnebis amaRlebisaTvis
luara Wanturia
TinaTin wereTlis saxelmwifosa da
samarTlis institutis TanamSromeli

`ojaxi unda iyos saxli saTnoebisa

da saxli siyvarulisa~.
Rirsi ioseb optineli

`bavSvis buneba saidumloTa saidumloa. bavSvi igiv adamiania da

miT ufro Zneli sacnobelia, rom Znel wasakiTx qaragmiT dawerilia...
ar unda gvikvirdes, rom, rasac did mdinareSi vpoulobT,
imas mis saTaveSiac vxedavT. bavSvi saTavea, dasawyisia didi adamianisa~.
wminda ilia marTali (WavWavaZe)

ojaxi sazogadoebis pirveladi ujredi da erTiani, cocxali organizmia, metad

mravalferovani da mniSvnelovania ojaxis faqtori da funqciebi Tanamedrove sazoga-
doebaSi, romlis ZiriTad amocanas warmoadgens mozardSi samarTlebrivi aRzrdisa da
marTlSegnebis amaRleba, Seqmnas da ganaviTaros adamiani, Camouyalibos mas swori Cveve-
bi da gaxados Semoqmedi Zala da eris organuli nawili.
ojaxi erTgvari Sidaeklesiaa, romelic ojaxis sivrceSi siwmindes unda icavdes. is
warmoadgens socialur Zalas, romelic gavlenas axdens sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis yve-
la sferoze _ ekonomikuridan dawyebuli sulier kulturamde.
msurs, Tqveni yuradReba gavamaxvilo iseT mniSvnelovan sakiTxze, rogoricaa ojaxis
roli mozardis pirovnebis formirebaSi. mSoblebis cxovrebiseul gamocdilebaze, ro-
melic daexmareba mozardebs gadalaxon arsebuli moraluri da fsiqologiuri siZnele-
ebi, raTa maT ipovon swori gza rTul situaciaSi.
asakis zrdasTan erTad bavSvs uCndeba sxvebze dominirebis survili da xdeba ufro
pativmoyvare, romelic imyofeba Tavisi ojaxis upiratesi maformirebeli faqtorebis
gavlenis qveS, didobaSic imaves moiTxovs, TiTqos es misi ojaxia. magram unda aRiniSnos
is garemoebac, rom mkacr, avtoritarul aRzrdas SeuZlia uaryofiTi Sedegis miReba.
ibadeba kiTxva, romel dawesebulebas Seswevs unari aRmofxvras bavSvis ganviTare-
bis adreul etapze daSvebuli Secdomebi, rom daexmaros warmatebulad adaptirdes am
samyaroSi? pasuxi naTelia: ra Tqma unda, skolas. mesame instituti ki Tavad cxovrebaa.
cxadia, rom marto cxovrebas kardinalurad Secvla ar SeuZlia fsiqologiis Tvalsaz-
risiT. daskvnis saxiT mozardis aRzrdaSi SegviZlia moviSvelioT ZiriTad institutad
skola, maswavleblis avtoriteti, romelic aRiarebulia sazogadoebis mier WeSmariti
pativiscemiT, rac aris garanti pirovnebis formirebaSi. nebismieri konfrontaciis Ta-
vidan asacileblad ufrosebma bavSvSi, swavlebis obieqti ki ara, subieqti da maswav-

143
sisxlis samarTlis aqtualuri sakiTxebi #1

leblis Tanaswori momwifebuli pirovneba unda davinaxoT. skola aris taZari, sadac
TiToeuli mozardi fsiqologiuri ganviTarebis process gaivlis. amitom, pirvel rigSi,
skola unda pasuxobdes jansaRi fsiqologiuri zrdis moTxovnebs. swori aRzrdis micema
mxolod iseT skolas SeuZlia, romelic harmoniaSia moswavleebis fsiqologiur moTx-
ovnilebebTan1.
bolo aTwleulis ganmavlobaSi fsiqologebma da sxvadasxva jgufis mkvlevarebma
warmoadgines mtkicebulebebi, rom yvelaze mniSvnelovani bavSvis ganviTarebaSi is ki ar
aris, Tu ra moculobis informaciis dateva SeuZlia mis gonebas, aramed is, SegviZlia
Tu ara Cven davexmaroT bavSvs gansxvavebuli Tvisebebis erTobliobis gamomuSavebaSi. es
Tvisebebia: sibejiTe, TviTkontroli, cnobismoyvareoba, keTilsindisiereba, gamZleoba
da sakuTari rwmena. fsiqologebi am Tvisebebs `pirovnul niSnebs~ uwodeben2.
fsiqologebis mravali kvlevis Sedegad Rrmad Seswavlilia da gaSuqebuli mozardis
ganviTarebis socialuri aspeqti da genezisi. ZiriTadad pirovnebis Camoyalibeba xdeba
skolaSi, skolis gareSe saaRmzrdelo dawesebulebebsa da ojaxSi. ojaxi pirveladi so-
cialuri ujredia, sadac saTaves iRebs bavSvis pirovnuli Tvisebebis formireba. Cvilu-
ri asakis pirveli dRidanve bavSvi Tavisi ganviTarebisaTvis mudmivi brZolis procesSia
CarTuli: es brZola dakavSirebulia mudmivad arsebul mizanTan _ Zlierebis, srulyo-
filebisa da upiratesobis xatTan. es mizanmimarTuli brZola da aqtivoba asaxavs adami-
anisaTvis damaxasiaTebel azrovnebisa da warmosaxvis unars da mTeli cxovrebis ganmav-
lobaSi dominireben, rameTu isinic subieqturni arian da ibadebian miznisa da cxovrebis
gamomuSavebuli stilis Sesabamisad3.
mozardis ojaxTan damokidebulebis mimarTulebiT Catarebulma gamokvlevebma na-
Teli mohfina sakiTxs, rom urTierTobis es sfero metad saintereso kvlevis obieqts
warmoadgens. mxedvelobaSi unda iqnes miRebuli mSoblebisa da ojaxis damaxasiaTebeli
Tvisebebi, romelic didi doziT aisaxeba mozardis pirovnebis formirebaSi. es garemoeba
garkveul stimuls iZleva am mimarTulebiT kvleva-Ziebis gasagrZeleblad4.
cnobili fsiqologi gardineri mozardis problemebs or jgufad yofda. pirvels
ganekuTvneba iseTi saxis problemebi, romlis gadawyveta adreul asakSi scada mozardma,
romelic xelaxla amotivtivda mis winaSe. meore kategorias ki ganekuTvneba sagangebod
mozardobis periodisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli problemebi, romelic Tavisi arsiT social-
uri xasiaTisaa. mozardi unda Seeguos axal socialur normebs rac iTvaliswinebs didi
winaaRmdegobis gadalaxvas. mecnierulma kvleva-Ziebam gviCvena, rom adreul asakSi ufro
metad Tavs iCens iseTi problemebi, romlebic xSirad dgeba mSoblebTan urTierTobis
procesSi. aqedan gamomdinare, Zalian bevri sayuradRebo niuansi gamoikveTeba. es sakiTx-
ebi Zalian problematuria, romelic farTod aris gaSuqebuli `bavSvis fsiqologiis~
wignSi, romlis gaTvaliswineba aucileblad gvmarTebs mSoblebs:
_ rodis da rogori meTodiT daisajos mozardi?
_ SeiZleba Tu ara unebarTvod Svilebis baraTis wakiTxva?
_ arian mSoblebi yovelTvis marTalni?
_ daobdnen Tu ara mSoblebi mozardis TandaswrebiT?
mozardis problemebis rigs ganekuTvneba Semdegi sakiTxebic:
_ minda mqondes sakuTari Tavis meti rwmena;
_ minda maswavlebels movwonde;
_ romeli profesia unda avirCio?
1
al. adleri, bavSvTa aRzrda, gamomcemloba `pega”, Tb., 2014, gv. 293-300.
2
pol tafi, rogor aRweven bavSvebi warmatebas Tb., 2014, gv, 14-16.
3
al. adleri, dasax. naSr., gv. 4-6.
4
vl. norakiZe (red.), me-2 saskolo asakis bavSvis fsiqologia, Tb., 1975, gv. 11.

144
ojaxis faqtori arasrulwlovnis samarTlebrivi luara
aRzrdisa da marTlSegnebis amaRlebisaTvis Wanturia

_ rogor SemiZlia Tavisufali drois ufro gonivrulad gamoyeneba.

mozards awuxebs es da sxva uamravi sakiTxi. am sakiTxebis mogvarebaSi didi sifrTx-
ile marTebs ojaxs, raTa samomavlod problemebi ar Seeqmnas mozards. mTavari yuradRe-
ba unda mieqces socialuri momentis asaxvas:
_ ra asakidan SeiZleba gogonebis mejlisze wasvla.
_ rogori unda iyos damokidebuleba namdvili megobris mimarT.
_ rogor unda gaarCios mozardma siyvaruli gatacebisagan?5
individualuri fsiqologiis debulebaze dayrdnobiT, avstrieli fsiqologi al. ad-
leri samarTlianad miiCnevs, rom socialuri grZnoba bavSvis ganviTarebaSi normaluro-
bis Taviseburi indikatoria, yoveli darRveva, romelic socialuri grZnobis daqveiTe-
bas iwvevs, did zians ayenebs bavSvis ganviTarebas. swored individualuri fsiqologiis
Seswavlis mizania, naTeli mohfinos mozrdilTa xasiaTis Tvisebebs da qcevas6.
mozardis aRzrdis, harmoniuli ganviTarebis mTavari gzaa sazogadoebrivi Segnebis
amaRleba. davas ar iwvevs is sakiTxi, rom adamianis marTlSegnebis done gansazRvravs
mis mier kanonis Sesrulebis met-nakleb albaTobas. aqedan gamomdinare, bunebrivia, rom
marTlSegnebis amaRleba samarTaldarRvevisa da danaSaulis profilaqtikis erT-erTi
qmediTi saSualebaa. marTlSegnebis kvleva-Ziebas kriminologebi ukavSireben danaSaulis
profilaqtikis problemas, radganac maT miaCniaT, rom marTlSegneba adamianis qcevis
momwesrigebel funqcias ekuTvnis. adamianis qcevis sakiTxi ki metwilad fsiqologiisa
da socialuri fsiqologiis kvlevis sagania.
marTlSegnebis problemis sociologiuri da fsiqologiuri kvleva-Zieba udavod
xels Seuwyobs mozardis ojaxTan damokidebulebas rogorc samarTlebriv, aseve so-
cialur aspeqtSi. mogexsenebaT, rom adamiani ar ibadeba Segnebul arsebad, misi Segnebis
ganviTareba xdeba mxolod socializaciis pirobebSi. Tanamedrove civilizebul sazo-
gadoebaSi mozards uwevs urTierToba sxvadasxva socialur garemosTan. gansakuTrebiT
mis formirebaSi, pirvel rigSi, mTavar rols ojaxi TamaSobs, sadac grovdeba codna da
gamocdileba, yalibdeba socialur RirebulebaTa mTeli sistema, muSavdeba mozardis
cnobierebaSi Sesabamisi qcevis normebi garkveuli moqmedebis Sesasruleblad. yovelive
es asaxvas poulobs Segnebis sferoSi. TiToeul adamians gaaCnia Segneba, romelsac
individualur Segnebad miiCneven. rogorc viciT, Segneba yovelTvis sazogadoebrivia,
vinaidan igi socializaciis produqtia.
adamianis SegnebaSi aisaxeba sazogadoebrivi ganviTarebis Tanmdevi obieqturi moTx-
ovnilebebi, romelic gvevlineba subieqtis moqmedebis wanamZRvrad da momwesrigeblad.
adamianis Segneba asaxavs im obieqtur sinamdviles, romelSic mas cxovreba uxdeba7.
rogorc mogexsenebaT, pirovnebis yovelgvari moqmedeba sazogadoebrivi moqmedebis
nawilia, masSi SegviZlia gavarCioT Sinaarsobrivi da formaluri mxare. formalur mxares
warmoadgens moqmedebis meqanizmi, yoveli moqmedebisaTvis aucilebelia faqtorebisa da
etapebis erToblioba, romelic unda gaiaros moqmedebis aRmZvrelma, rom garkveuli
miznis misaRwevad moZraobaSi moiyvanos adamianis fizikuri da sulieri Zalebi. adamianis
moqmedebis pirvel safuZvels, mizezs warmoadgens garemo, magram, rogorc d. kiknaZe aR-
niSnavs Tavis naSromSi, garemo uSualod da avtomaturad ar iwvevs adamianis moqmedebas.
garemom rom Sesatyvisi moqmedeba gamoiwvios, amisaTvis aucilebelia man raime moTxov-
nileba warmoSvas. moqmedebis aRmZvrelad yovelTvis mogvevlineba moTxovnileba, rom-
lis gareSe ar arsebobs cocxali organizmis araviTari aqtiuroba, interesi, survili,
5
v. muxina, bavSvis fsiqologia, gamomc. `ganaTleba~ Tb., 1989, gv. 6-7.
6
al. adleri, dasax. naSr., gv. 3.
7
T. SavguliZe, sazogadoebrivi azri, marTlSegneba da moswavle axalgazrdoba, gamomcemloba, `sabWoTa
saqarTvelo~, Tb., 1981, gv. 4—13.

145
sisxlis samarTlis aqtualuri sakiTxebi #1

miswrafeba vnebebi da a.S., romelsac axlavs Sesabamisi grZnobebi da emociebi, romelic

dakavSirebulia fsiqikasTan. adamianis moqmedebis meqanizmSi moTxovnilebis Semdgomi
etapia misi gadaqceva miznad, romelic adamianis moTxovnilebis, rogorc moqmedebis
aRmZvrelis, axal Tvisebriobas warmoadgens8.
mozardis marTlSegnebis ganviTareba umTavresad xorcieldeba qcevis procesSi.
ufrosebi aZleven organizebulad rCevasa da miTiTebas. exmarebian qcevis procesSi
warmoSobili siZneleebis daZlevaSi. erTobliv saqmianobaSi erTiandebian bavSvebi da
amyareben erTmaneTTan sxvadasxvagvar urTierTobebs, romlebic bavSvTa sazogadoebis
safuZvels Seadgens da xels uwyobs misi wevrebis pirovnebis ganviTarebas9.
mozardobis wlebi metad saTuTi periodia TiTqmis yvela bavSvisTvis, xolo maTTvis,
visac uwevs arasaimedo garemoSi cxovreba, siymawvile SeiZleba saSinel gardatexis mo-
mentad iqces, adreul asakSive miyenebuli Wrilobebi mavne gadawyvetilebebis miRebis
mizezad gaxdes, romelic damRupveli Sedegis momtania. Tumca, zog SemTxvevaSi SeswevT
unari, sxvagvari Semobrunebis, gardatexis, Zirfesviani gardaqmnis: SesaZlebelia mo-
zardma zurgi aqcios marcxs da gezi aiRos warmatebisken.
naTeli dasturia imisa, rom marTlSegneba pozitiuri movlenis demonstrirebaa —
Tuki sazogadoeba pativs scems kanons, iziarebs da mzad aris Seasrulos igi. swored
amitom, marTlSegnebis ganviTarebis done gvelineba sazogadoebaSi socialuri kontro-
lis uzrunvelyofis saSualebad da warmoadgens qcevis Sablonebis SemuSavebisa da `me~
_ koncefciis Camoyalibebis da ganmtkicebis wyaros10.
bavSvi, vidre zrdadamTavrebuli gaxdebodes, gaivlis biologiur da fsiqikur safex-
urebs, romelic xasiaTdeba gansakuTrebuli TaviseburebebiT. asakobrivi ganviTarebis
safexurebis dadgenis procesi gansxvavebuli SexedulebebiT xasiaTdeba rogorc ucx-
oeTSi, ise CvenSi. sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis mixedviT, pasuxismgeblobis dakisrebisas
an misgan ganTavisuflebisas arasrulwlovnad iTvleba is, visac danaSaulis Cadenamde
Seusrulda 14 weli, magram ar Sesrulebia 18 weli. d. uznaZis `zogad fsiqologiaSi”
naTlad aris gaSuqebuli, rom sqesobrivi momwifebis periodSi mozardis yuradRebis
koncentracia qveiTdeba. am daxasiaTebaSi fsiqologi d. uznaZe yuradRebas amaxvilebs
arasrulwlovanis (mozardis) `sqesobrivi momwifebis~ periodze da mozardis e.w. `gar-
datexis periodze.~
am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT sainteresoa fsiqolog S. CxartiSvilis mosazreba, rome-
lic wers: bavSvobis datovebisa da didis mdgomareobaSi yofnis moTxovnilebebi gar-
damaval asakSi iZens ra socialur Sinaarss, gadamwyvet zegavlenas axdens mozardis aq-
tivobis mimarTulebis gansazRvris saqmeSi. es moTxovnileba, pirvel rigSi, socialuri
prestiJis, Tavisuflebis da damoukideblobis moTxovnilebaTa formebSi diferencird-
eba mozardis yovel qcevaSi, romelic mas raime mxriv sxva adamianebTan akavSirebs11.
metad saintereso da yuradsaRebia sakiTxi fsiqolog n. adamaSvilis gamokvlevaze,
romelic Seiswavlis bavSvebSi TviTcnobierebis ganviTarebis Taviseburebas, ontogenezs
_ anu organizmis individualur ganviTarebas misi Casaxvidan sicocxlis dasrulebamde.
igi miiCnevs, rom `..sakmaod adreve mozardis TviTcnobierebaSi, mniSvnelovani ram xdeba
gareSe myof adamianebTan urTierTdamokidebulebis aspeqtSi, romelSic mozardi saku-
Tari `mes~ _ gamovlinebas xedavs da romelsac `mes dasaxasiaTeblad iyenebs. gansakuTre-
biT yuradRebas amaxvilebs gardamavali asakidan.~ TviTcnobiereba viTardeba pirovnebis
ganviTarebasTan erTad da gavlenas axdens pirovnebis formirebaze.
8
d. kiknaZe, adamianis moqmedebis sakiTxisaTvis, gamomcemloba, `sabWoTa saqarTvelo~, Tb., 1971, gv. 6-7.
9
v. muxina, dasax. naSr., gv. 204-205.
10
T. SavguliZe, dasax. naSr., gv. 19-33.
11
S. CxartiSvili, pedagogiuri fsiqologia, gamomcemloba `ganaTleba~, Tb., 1975, gv. 51.

146
ojaxis faqtori arasrulwlovnis samarTlebrivi luara
aRzrdisa da marTlSegnebis amaRlebisaTvis Wanturia

ucxoeli avtorebi Seriki da kenteri miuTiTeben, rom mxolod mas Semdeg, rac bavS-
vi swavlobs sakuTar pozicias sxva mis garSemo myof individTa mimarT, igi axerxebs
warmatebiT miiRos monawileoba jgufis aqtivobaSi. mxolod am SemTxvevaSi SeuZlia ga-
naxorcielos myari qceva, risTvisac aucilebelia xangrZlivi socialuri urTierToba-
ni12.
sabinovam gamoikvlia pirovnebis Tu ra Tvisebebi xdeba mozardis cnobierebis sagani,
rogor xedavs igi amxanagebis pirovnul Tvisebebs Tavis TavTan da sxvebTan mimarTebaSi.
aRniSnuli sakiTxis Seswavlis Sedegad cxadyo, rom 12-16 wlis mozards ukve aqvs sakmaod
didi interesi adamianis Sinagani samyaros mimarT, uCndeba meore adamianis pirovnebaSi
garkvevis survili. mozardebi miuTiTeben, rom daiwyes `Tavis Tavze~ fiqri, Tavis Tav-
ze msjelobis Sedegad mopovebul masalebze dayrdnobiT, SesaZlebeli gaxada mozardis
TviTcnobierebis CamoyalibebaSi gamoeyoT ramdenime etapi. mozardis pirvel periods
ganekuTvneba mSoblebTan urTierTobis etapi, sadac mozardi yveba, rom mSoblebs ar
exmareba, uxeSad eqceva, ar SeuZlia rig situaciaSi Tavis Sekaveba, uyviris megobrebs. am
magaliTidan naTlad Cans, Tu ra kritikulad gansjis mozardi Tavis saqciels da acno-
bierebs uaryofiT mxareebs13.
boJoviCis Sexedulebis mixedviT, bavSvis morali yalibdeba im koleqtivis, jgufis
moralis mixedviT, romelSic mozards uxdeba saqmianoba da monawileoba mozardobis
asakSi, rodesac bavSvs uCndeba azri, garkveuli rwmena ama Tu im moraluri normebis
mimarT14.
Sveicarieli biologi da fsiqologi Jan piaJe gamoyofs ganviTarebis 4 stadias da
im procesebs, romelTa meSveobiTac bavSvebi aRweven progress am stadiebis farglebSi:
1. sensomotoruli stadia (dabadebidan 2 wlamde), roca bavSvi Seicnobs samyaros mx-
olod sxvadasxva qmedebis meSveobiT (wova, kbena, ReWva da sxva). am periodSi bavSvi ver
xvdeba, rom fizikuri obieqtebi maSinac arseboben, roca is maT ver xedavs.
2. winaoperaciuli stadia (2-idan 7 wlamde). es is periodia, roca bavSvebi iwyeben
cnebebis formirebas da simboloebis gamoyenebas. am asakSi Zalian uWirT mizezSedego-
brivi kavSirebis damyareba da obieqtebisa da movlenebis klasifikacia.
3. konkretuli operaciebis stadia (7-dan 11-12 wlamde) _ fizikuri gamocdilebis
dagrovebis Sedegad bavSvi iwyebs gaazrebas, logikuri struqturebis Seqmnas, romlebic
iwyeben movlenebTan dakavSirebili problemebis gadawyvetas.
4. formaluri operaciebis stadia (11-12-dan 15 wlamde) _ bavSvis kognituri (Semec-
nebiTi azrovneba) struqturebi utoldeba zrdasrulisas da moicavs konceptualur
msjelobas. piaJem SeimuSava kognituri struqturebis agebis ramdenime principi. ganvi-
Tarebis yvela stadiis ganmavlobaSi mozardi urTierTobs sakuTar garemosTan im menta-
luri rukebis gamoyenebiT, romlebic manamde Seqmna. Tu gamocdileba gameorda, advilad
xdeba misi morgeba bavSvis kognitur struqturaSi ise, rom SenarCundes mentaluri
`Tanasworoba~. Tu gamocdileba axalia an Secvlilia, bavSvi kargavs `Tanasworobas~ da
cvlis kognitur struqturas, raTa moergos axal pirobebs15.
mozardis pirovnuli niSan-Tvisebebis formireba misi cxovrebis adreul xanaSi iwye-
ba da igi Tavis gamovlenas poulobs rogorc mozardobis, ise Semdgom periodSic. mag-
aliTad, 10 wlis asakSi bavSvi xasiaTdeba, rogorc `mxiaruli~, `cocxali~, `megobruli~.
bavSvis xasiaTi garkveuli zomiT Semdgom asakSic iCens Tavs. mozardi, romelic SeeCvia
bavSvobaSi ausrulon yvelaferi, misi xasiaTidan gamomdinare, gamoavlens `sibrazes~,
12
v. muxina, dasax. naSr., gv. 10-14.
13
v. muxina, dasax. naSr., gv. 1.
14
v. muxina, dasax. naSr., gv. 19-20.
15
vl. norakiZe (red.), dasax. naSr., gv. 20-21.

147
sisxlis samarTlis aqtualuri sakiTxebi #1

roca mas survilebis sawinaaRmdego mdgomareoba Sexvdeba. `rogorc davinaxeT, yvela

fsiqologiuri movlena, pirdapiri Tu arapirdapiri moTxovnilebebiTaa ganpirobebuli,
moTxovnilebis safuZvelze warmoiSoba miswrafebebi, vnebebi, midrekilebebi, miznebi
da a.S. yoveli subieqtisaTvis misi sakuTari interesi subieqturad arsebobs, xolo
sazogadoebis da sxva interesebi obieqturad arseboben, rogorc socialuri garemos
faqtorebi~16.
h. landesi dainteresda Seeswavla mozardis pirovnebis zogadi damaxasiaTebeli niS-
nebi, romelic individis qcevis procesSi gansakuTrebul konkretul gamovlenas iCens.
avtori xazs usvams Semdeg Tvisebebs. 1. aRiareba, statusi, sazogadoebrivi mdgomareoba;
2. pativiscema da socialuri keTilganwyobileba; 3. sapasuxo grZnoba da bednieri so-
cialuri urTierToba; 4. uzrunvelyofa, miReba jgufSi; 5. gamocdileba; 6. miRweva da
warmateba; 7; bedniereba da Tavisufleba17.
mecnieruli fsiqologiuri kveleva-Ziebis Sedegad gamoirkva, rom umcrosi saskolo
asakis bavSvebisgan gansxvavebiT, roca bavSvebi ZiriTadad gatacebuli arian Tavgadasav-
lebiT, mozardebs TviTcnobierebis ganviTarebasTan erTad uCndebaT gamokveTili in-
teresi garSemo myofi adamianebisa da sakuTari Sinagani samyaros mimarT.
cnobili pedagogebisa da fsiqologebis ganWvretis Sedegad maT sworad dainaxes mo-
zardis bunebis ZiriTadi Taviseburebani da sworad Seafases skolamdel asakSi bavSvebis
gansakuTrebiT Zlieri midrekileba SromiTi moqmedebisaken. mozardSi nel-nela Cnde-
ba movaleobis grZnobis dasawyisi momentebi: gacilebiT ufro mniSvnelovania, rodesac
determinacia, rogorc aseTi, bavSvisaTvis sakmao motivs warmoadgens imisaTvis, rom
erTxel dawyebuli moqmedeba bolomde miiyvanos im SemTxvevaSic, rodesac dasawyisSi
mocemuli siamovnebis momgvreli motivebi sustdeba. aq Cven saqme gvaqvs movaleobis
grZnobis gaRviZebasTan18.
vfiqrob, yvelasaTvis naTelia is sakiTxi, rom marTlSegneba samarTlebrivi kultur-
is elementia, xolo samarTlebrivi kultura individis Tu sazogadoebis saerTo kul-
turis nawilia. individualuri Tu sazogadoebrivi kultura mxolod sulier sferos
rodi ekuTvnis, igi socialuri fenomenia. marTlSegnebis amaRleba niSnavs samarTle-
brivi kulturis donis amaRlebas, samarTlebrivi aRzrda samarTlebriv ganaTlebaze
ufro maRali cnebaa, samarTlebrivi aRzrda gulisxmobs marTlSegnebis amaRlebas.
mozardi, pirvel rigSi, samarTlebriv kulturas ojaxSi eziareba, romelic erT-erTi
qmediTi gzaa axalgazrdobis samarTlebrivi aRzrdisaTvis. samarTlebrivi kulturidan
gamomdinare, mozardi unda iyos gacnobierebuli sisxlis samarTlis dargSi, kanonebSi
unda erkveodes, raTa Tavidan aicilos danaSaulis Cadenis faqti19.
mozardis socializacia da pirovnuli ganviTareba damokidebulia ojaxze, skolasa
da socialur garemoze, sadac xdeba mozardis Camoyalibeba.
18 wlamde adamiani iTvleba arasrulwlovan mozardad, magram es ar niSnavs, rom mo-
zardma daasrula ganviTareba da SesaZlebelia mis winaaRmdeg imave pirobebis gamoyeneba,
rac gamoiyeneba srulwlovani adamianis sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis dros.
germaniis uzenaesi sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom asakis sazRvris dadgena mozardis ganvi-
Tarebis safuZvelze metad rTulia, vinaidan mozardis ganviTareba erTiani Seuwyvete-
li procesia, romlis gazomvac SeuZlebelia. gasuli saukunis 50-ian wlebSi germaniaSi
Seiqmna hamburgis direqtivebi, romelic aRwerda im kriteriumebs, rac pirdapir exe-
boda arasrulwlovan (14-18w.) da mozrdil (18-21w.) damnaSaveebs. am kriteriumis Tanax-
16
d. kiknaZe, dasax. naSr., gv. 80-99.
17
vl. norakiZe (red.), dasax. naSr., gv. 21-24.
18
S. CxartiSvili, dasax. naSr., gv. 282-283.
19
T. SavguliZe, dasax. naSr., gv. 104-107.

148
ojaxis faqtori arasrulwlovnis samarTlebrivi luara
aRzrdisa da marTlSegnebis amaRlebisaTvis Wanturia

mad arasrulwlovani aris piri, romlisTvisac damaxasiaTebelia Semdegi kriteriumebi:

pirovnebis arasakmarisi Camoyalibeba, umweo mdgomareoba, briyvulad mimdobi saqcieli,
dRevandeli dRiT cxovreba, maRali xarisxiT sxvaze damokidebuleba, muSaobisadmi Tama-
Sisebrivi damokidebuleba, meocneboba, Tavgadasavlebis Zieba, TanatolebTan urTier-
Tobis problemebi da sxva. aqedan gamomdinare, kvlevis Sedegad Camoyalibda adamianis
srulwlovnad aRqmis Semdegi kriteriumebi: realuri cxovrebis dagegmva, mSoblebisgan
damoukidebloba, samuSaosa da swavlisadmi seriozuli damokidebuleba, realisturi,
anu daZlevadi dRis ganrigi, TanatolebTan an ufrosebTan urTierToba, SesaZlebloba
pasuxismgebloba aiRos ojaxis Seqmnaze, sulieri da seqsualuri moTxovnilebebis inte-
gracia, myari, `daRvinebuli~ xasiaTi20.
sasurveli iqneboda saqarTveloSi arasrulwlovanTa sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismge-
blobis zeda zRvaris dadgenis procesSi ufro aqtiuri CarTuloba, gamocdili pedago-
gebisa da fsiqologebis analizis gaziareba, vinaidan mozardis biologiur-fsiqologi-
uri, anu gardatexis periodi, jer kidev srulyofilad ar aris Camoyalibebuli.
dRes cxovrebis ganviTarebis maRalma donem, kulturisa da mecnierebis maRali
warmatebis epoqam da axalma viTarebam meti faqizi damokidebuleba daakisra mSoblebs
bavSvebTan urTierTobaSi. Zalian mozomilad unda Seafasos mozardis qceva ama Tu im
sakiTxTan mimarTebaSi, vinaidan Zalian rTulia mozardis sulier samyaroSi brmad xelis
faTuri, kiTxvebze pasuxis gasacemad, pirvel rigSi, aucilebelia Rrmad CavwvdeT mo-
zardis interesebsa da moTxovnilebebs. Sinagan samyaros angariSi gauwioT Tanamedrove
kulturis donis gaTvaliswinebiT. Tanamedrove konstruqtivistuli azrovneba efuZneba
cnobili mecnierebis Jan piaJesa da lev vigotskis naSromebs. am ori mecnieris naSromebs
ganasxvavebs ramdenime aspeqti. piaJes azriT, mozardi TviTmotivirebuli arsebaa, ro-
melic Tavad ikvlevs da Seimecnebs samyaros, Tavad marTavs Tavisi kognituri (Secnoba)
ganviTarebis process. xolo vigotski ganmartavs, rom sazogadoeba da kultura mniS-
vnelovnad uwyobs xels bavSvTa kognitur ganviTarebas. piaJe miuTiTebs, rom ganvi-
Tareba win uZRvis swavlas. bavSvs jer garkveuli kognituri (codnis) struqturebi unda
Camouyalibdes, raTa SeZlos samyaros Secnoba. vigotskis azriT, swavla win uZRvis da
xels uwyobs kognitur ganviTarebas.
sulac ar aris aucilebeli ukve arsebuli codnis Tavidan aRmoCena. socialuri ko-
munikaciis Sedegad bavSvi viTardeba ufro mcodne da gamocdil adamianebTan komunik-
aciis Sedegad. mozardobis periodSi xdeba iseTi mniSvnelovani problemis gadawyveta,
rogoricaa momavali profesiis arCeva. mecnieruli kvleva-Ziebis Sedegad miRebuli mo-
nacemebiT profesiis gansazRvraSi mniSvnelovania mozardis midrekileba. mesame adgili
ukavia mSobels. mSoblisa da mozardis urTierTobaSi profesiuli interesis gansazRvra
warmoadgens erT-erT aqtualur problemas mozardis cxovrebaSi da aRzrdis Zalismieri
meTodebi negatiur gavlenas axdens bavSvis Camoyalibebaze. kriminologiuri diskusiis
sagans warmoadgens dangreuli ojaxebis zegavlena bavSvis kriminalad Camoyalibebaze.
dangreuli ojaxi did zians ayenebs mozardis fsiqoligias da danaSaulis Cadenas uwyobs
metwilad xels21.
dragunova didobis grZnobas ganixilavs rogorc TviTcnobierebis gansakuTrebul
formas, romelic Tanmxlebi formaa mozardobis sawyisi periodisaTvis. didoba miC-
neulia bavSvis socializaciis simptomad. bavSvs uCndeba cnobiereba imis Sesaxeb, rom
igi aris socialuri arseba. amitom yovelTvis unda veridoT ufrosebma maTTan uxeS
damokidebulebas, SeZlebisdagvarad angariSi unda gavuwioT mas, rogorc pirovnebas da

20
m. SalikaSvili, statiaTa krebuli, gamomcemloba `meridiani~, 2011, gv. 99-100.
21
m. SalikaSvili, kriminologia, me-2 gamocema, Tb., 2011, gv. 262-263.

149
sisxlis samarTlis aqtualuri sakiTxebi #1

vecadoT davakmayofiloT misi kanonieri moTxovna22.

Tu monacemebs asakobrivi TvalsazrisiT ganvixilavT, pirvel rigSi, maT uCndebaT
pretenziebi, vinc damoukidebel pirovnebebad miiCneven Tavs da sakuTari poziciebiT
upirispirdebian mSoblebs, cdiloben miaRwion misi pirovnebis tolfasovan aRiarebas.
asakobrivi TvalsazrisiT Tu davakvirdebiT, davinaxavT, rom bavSvTa im kategorias,
romelic ukve grZnobs Tavs damoukidebel pirovnebad, aqvs pretenziebi imoqmedos saku-
Tari gadawyvetilebiT. es mozardebi sakuTari normebiTa da poziciebiT upirispirdebi-
an mSoblebs da cdiloben miaRwion misi pirovnebis tolfasovan aRiarebas.
am SemTxvevaSi skolas SeuZlia indikatoris rolis Sesruleba, ojaxuri aRzrdis
Secdomebis niadagze swori analizis gakeTeba, vinaidan igi ar aris jer kidev idealuri
garemo bavSvebisaTvis, radgan maT jer kidev ar SeswevT sxvebTan kontaqtSi Sesvlis un-
ari. amitom isini martoxeleblad grZnoben Tavs, ris Sedegadac gansakuTrebuli damok-
idebuleba yalibdeba, rac didobaSi uaryofiTad aisaxeba. xdebian rTuli bavSvebi da
gamoxataven pretenziebs ama Tu im movlenisadmi. sazogadoebisagan gansxvavebiT, isini
irCeven imedgacruebulTaTvis mimzidvel gzas _ uswrafesi fsiqologiuri warmatebis
gzas23.
aucilebelia is garemoebac, rom mSobelma unda gaiTvaliswinos TviTSefasebis kon-
troli, romelic sawindaria momavalSi pirovnebis swori formirebisaTvis. mozardis
pretenziebis dasaregulireblad aucilebelia rogorc mSoblebis, aseve skolis swori
midgoma, raTa bavSvs mivawodoT aRzrdis procesSi adekvaturi TviTSefaseba, rac sir-
Tuleebs aacdens mozardis mier wamoyenebul pretenziebs. `fsiqologebis azriT, mo-
zardis pirovnebaSi axal centralur warmonaqmnad miCneulia mis TviTcnobierebaSi
momxdari Tvisebrivi xasiaTis Zvra, rac vlindeba mozardis warmodgenaSi Tavis Tavze,
rogorc didze — ltolva iyos da CaTvalon didad, es garemoeba miCneulia `pirovnebis
erTaderT struqturul centrad~24.
Tavdapirvelad fsiqologiaSi `pretenziis cneba~ Semoitana k. levinis mowafem fer-
dinand hopem, romelic gansazRvravs garkveuli adamianisaTvis damakmayofilebeli TviT-
Sefasebis moTxovnilebas. dRes individis pretenziis donis kvlevis sxvadasxva meTodebi
arsebobs. msurs, mokled gavaanalizo f. hopes meTodi, romelic interess moklebuli ar
iqneba. man Caatara mozardebSi Semdegi cda: aiRo 3 baraTi, sadac moaTavsa siZneleebis
mixedviT amocanebi. arCeva survilsamebr iyo, Sefaseba xdeboda qulebiT. gamarjvebu-
li yvelaze maRali quliT fasdeboda. mozardi, rac ufro rTul amocanas wyvets, mas
ufro meti qula ewereba da is rCeba gamarjvebulad. hopes eqsperimentma uCvena Semde-
gi: 1. warmateba amocanis gadawyvetaSi maRla swevs cdis piris `pretenziis dones~, rac
mas did stimuls aZlevs momavalSi ufro rTuli amocana airCios. 2. warumatebloba ki
dabla scems pretenziis dones _ cdis piri ufro dabal safexurze gadadis amocanebis
gadawyvetaSi25.
mozardTa pretenziis donis gamosakvlevad unda iqnes usaTuod kargad mofiqrebuli,
rom individis pretenziis done da misi miRwevis sirTule mniSvnelovnad iyos damoki-
debuli amocanis Sinaarsze. popularuli, anu lideri mosawavleebi cdiloben SeinarCunon
poziciebi da ar dakargon popularoba megobrebs Soris, romelsac udidesi gavlena aqvs
mozardis pirovnebis formirebisaTvis. xdeba SemTxvevebi, roca arapopularuli mozardi
eTiSeba megobrebs da gariyuli rCeba, magram, sabednierod, arian Zlieri pirovnebebi,
romlebic axerxeben masTan damegobrebas. sayuradReboa is faqtic, rom xSirad xdeba
22
vl. norakiZe (red.), dasax. naSr., gv. 38-39.
23
al. adleri, dasax. naSr., gv. 9-11.
24
v. muxina, dasax. naSr., gv. 40-41.
25
v. muxina, dasax. naSr., gv. 176-179.

150
ojaxis faqtori arasrulwlovnis samarTlebrivi luara
aRzrdisa da marTlSegnebis amaRlebisaTvis Wanturia

mozardTa asakobrivi safexurebis, statusis ganmsazRvreli pirovnuli TvisebebiT da-

pirispireba. Tu monacemebs asakobrivi TvalsazrisiT ganvixilavT, aRmovaCenT, rom mo-
zardTa is kategoria, romlebic Tavs Tvlian ukve damoukidebel pirovnebad da gaaCniaT
pretenzia imoqmedon damoukideblad, izrdebian asakis Sesabamisad, romlebic TavianTi
normebiTa da poziciebiT upirispirdebian mSoblebs da axerxeben rogorme miaRwion misi
pirovnebis tolfasovan aRiarebas. xSir SemTxvevaSi mozardebi ukmayofilebas gamoTqva-
men, imis gamo, rom maT mSoblebi saTanadod ver ugeben maT mier wamoWrili problemis mog-
varebaSi da amavdroulad ar iziareben maT Sexedulebebs. Tavis mxriv, mozardsac evale-
ba, rom mSoblebs gauwios angariSi, radgan maT meti cxovrebiseuli gamocdileba gaaCni-
aT26.
sazogadoebaSi cxovreba, qcevis dinamikuri faqtorebis TvalsazrisiT, ramdenime
konfliqtsac Seicavs instinqtur moTxovnilebebsa da RirebulebaTa da gancdas So-
ris. individis damokidebuleba RirebulebebTan gansazRvrulia im sazogadoebiTac, ro-
melSic Tavad cxovrobs. kulturul wreSi, _ ambobs fsiqologi buzemani, _ momavalSi
keTildReobis safuZveliT aucilebelia awmyo moTxovnilebebze uaris Tqma. es garemoe-
ba ramdenadme gadatvirTvas iwvevs bavSvSi da miT ufro Zliers xdis, rac didia is moTx-
ovnebi, romliTac mas aRmzrdeli wauyenebs. bavSvis konfliqtebi sazogadoebis zneobriv
moTxovnebTan imaSi mdgomareobs, rom bunebrivi moTxovnilebebi arRveven im Sekavebas,
romelic sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis wesidanaa wamosuli, esenia: msunagoba, wvaleba, miT-
viseba, sicrue27.
mozardebis konfliqtebis gamomwvev mizezad Tvlian im garemoebas, rom maT xSi-
rad Seuferebel moTxovnebs uyeneben da maT Zalebs aRemateba. aseT viTarebaSi mo-
zardi gaurkvevel situaciaSi rCeba da ar icis rogor moiqces. gamokvlevebis Sedegad
konfliqtebis Tavidan asacileblad, saWiroa mozards SeuqmnaT komfortuli pirobebi
sazogadoebriv saqmianobaSi. sadavo ar aris is sakiTxi, rom, rogori zemoqmedebac ar
unda movaxdinoT mozardze, sanam sxvisi moTxovna ar gadaiqceva mis moTxovnad, manam-
de igi ar gvevlineba ganviTarebis moqmed faqtorad. nebismieri asakis individs surs
garToba da Sesaferisi pirobebi. `izrdeba bavSvis interesebi sazogadoebrivi cxovrebi-
sadmi, sxvadasxva movlenisadmi, realuri samyaroTi gataceba, romlebic uSualo sinam-
dviles, bavSvebisa da mozrdilebis cxovrebis sxvadasxva moments exebian, afarToeben
da azusteben maT mier miRebul warmodgenebs am cxovrebis Sesaxeb da axali saintereso
mxareebiT amdidreben maT. Cqari tempiT xdeba mozardis kritikuli da ganyenebuli az-
rovnebis, logikuri msjelobisa da daskvnebis gamotanis unaris ganviTareba, rac Tavis
mxriv xels uwyobs sxvadasxva mecnieruli dargisadmi interesebis gaRvivebas. bavSvis
pirovnebis ganviTarebis periodSi didi cvlilebebi xdeba mis emociur cxovrebaSi. bavS-
vis grZnoba, rogorc misi azri, pirvelad gamsWvalulia uSualod mocemuliT. mxolod
ganviTarebis garkvevul doneze is Tavisufldeba mSoblebis, axloblebis uSualo gare-
modan, romelSic bavSvi izrdeba da TandaTan Segnebulad miimarTeba am viwrod Semofar-
glul garemos sazRvrebs iqiT~28.
rogorc davinaxeT, mozardis yvela fsiqikuri movlena pirdapiri an arapirdapiri
moTxovnilebiTaa ganpirovnebuli, romlis safuZvelze warmoiSoba interesebi, grZnobebi,
emociebi, midrekilebebi, miswrafebebi da warmoiSoba konfliqti. moTxovnileba mxolod
maSin warmoSobs interess, roca is winaaRmdegobas awydeba subieqturi an obieqturi
faqtorebisagan. Tu es winaaRmdegoba regularulad moqmedebs mis mimarT, am SemTxvevaSi

26
v. muxina, dasax. naSr., gv. 176-179.
27
vl. norakiZe (red.), dasax. naSr., gv. 12-13.
28
vl. norakiZe (red.), dasax. naSr., gv. 267-269.

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sisxlis samarTlis aqtualuri sakiTxebi #1

Cneba mudmivi interesi aRniSnuli sagnisadmi29.

mozardobis asaki, rogorc pirovnebis ganviTarebis krizisuli periodi, metad rTu-
lia, saswavlo procesSi rTuli moswavleebi bevr problemas qmnian.
Znelad aRsazrdeli mozardebis tipebi:
1. problemuri urTierTobis mqone mozardebi, romlebsac darRveuli aqvT normal-
uri adamianuri urTierTobani;
2. daqveiTebuli emociuri reaqciebis mozRvaveba fsiqologiuri travmebis mqone mo-
zardebSi;
3. calmxrivi gonebrivi ganviTarebis mozardebi;
4. susti nebelobis mozardebi, unebisyofoebi, xSirad agresiulebi arian sxvebis
mimarT.
rTuli mozardebi mimarTaven deviaciur qcevas, romelic miuRebelia kulturu-
li normebisTvis. qurdoba, mawanwaloba, narkomania, suicidi. amrigad, saWiroa swori
saaRmzrdelo RonisZiebebis Catareba, raTa SevamciroT problemebi.
metad sainteresoa T. SavguliZis mosazreba, romelic aRniSnavs, rom nebisyofa ada-
mianis Tandayolili Tviseba ar aris. axalSobili bavSvi moTxovnilebis subieqtia, xolo
nebisyofis subieqtad is iqceva socializaciis msvlelobaSi. mxolod amis Semdeg aqvs
adamians unari daiokos moTxovnilebis impulsi da pasuxi agos Tavisi moqmedebisaTvis.
socialuri normebis Zala pirdapir kavSirSia imasTan, rom adamians socializaciis sa-
fuZvelze uyalibdeba `me~ — koncefcia, romelic adamianis Sexedulebaa sakuTar Tavze,
rogorc obieqturi Rirebuleba, romelic warmoadgens mis obieqtivaciis unars da TviT-
kontrols30.
yvelaze didi pasuxismgebloba mainc ojaxs akisria, amitom mSoblebs mWidro kavSiri
unda hqondeT skolasTan, rom miiRon rCeva-darigeba aRzrdis sakiTxze, romelic maT
ainteresebT. mozardis xasiaTis ZiriTadi niSnebis Camoyalibeba damokidebulia mSobel-
Ta simtkicesa da momTxovnelobaze, mozardis swor SromiT datvirTvasa da dRis reJimis
ganawilebaze. bavSvi zedmetad ar unda daitvirTos, magram arc zedmet Secodebas unda
hqondes adgili. sworad organizebuli aRzrda bavSvs umuSavebs nebisyofas, Sromisadmi
siyvaruls, movaleobis grZnobas. yoveldRiuri kontrolia saWiro da sistematuri ka-
vSiri skolasTan. aucilebelia erToblivi RonisZiebis miReba skolisa da ojaxis mier.

29
d. kiknaZe, dasax. naSr., gv. 87-88.
30
T. SavguliZe, sazogadoebrivi azri, marTlSegneba da moswavle-axalgazrdoba, 1981, gv. 22-25.

152
 ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis
Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis
iuridiuli fakulteti

sisxlis samarTlis
aqtualuri sakiTxebi

#1

ISSN 24449-3112
ISSN 24449-3112
Tbilisi, 2017