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CLASS-XI SUBJECT-PHYSICS

Work, Energy and Power

Formulas Work
done by a Constant Force:

1. 𝑊 = 𝐹⃗ . 𝑠⃗ = 𝐹⃗ 𝑠⃗ cos𝜃 = 𝐹⃗𝑥 𝑠⃗𝑥 + 𝐹⃗𝑦 𝑠⃗𝑦+ 𝐹⃗𝑧 𝑠⃗𝑧

2. If a body of mass m is raised through height h then work done w = mgh

3. 1 J = 107 erg

Work done by a Variable Force:

The area under force displacement curve with proper algebraic sign represents
the work done by the variable force.

Kinetic Energy:

Work Energy Theorem:

Relation of Kinetic Energy (E) with Linear Momentum (p):

Gravitational Potential Energy: U = mgh For

a Conservative Force:

For a Conservative Force: K.E. + P.E. = Constant

Potential Energy of a spring:

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Hooke’s Law: 𝐹⃗ = − 𝑘 𝑥 Force

Constant:
𝑥
Mass-Energy Equivalence: 𝑬 = 𝒎 𝒄𝟐
1 eV = 1.6 X 10-19 J, 1 MeV = 1.6 X 10-13 J, 1 amu = 931 MeV

Power:
1 kW = 103 W, 1 MW = 106 W, 1 hp = 746 W, 1 watt = 1 joule/second = 107 erg/s
Collision:
Linear momentum is conserved both in elastic and inelastic collision.

𝑚1𝑢1 + 𝑚2𝑢2 = 𝑚1𝑣1 + 𝑚2𝑣2

Kinetic Energy is conserved in elastic collision.

In one dimensional elastic collision, velocities after collision:

Perfectly Elastic Head on Collision:

Velocity of approach = Velocity of Separation.
u1 – u2 = v2 – v1

Coefficient of Restitution:
For perfectly elastic collision: e = 1
For perfectly inelastic collision: e = 0
For other inelastic collisions: 𝟎 < 𝑒 < 1

For a ball rebounding from a floor,

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MCQs
1. A man of 60 kg weight is standing at rest on a platform. He jumps up vertically a
distance of 1 m and the platform at the same instant moves horizontally forward with
the result that the man lands 1 meter behind the point on the platform where they took
the jump, the total work done by the man at the instant he lands is:
(a) 300 J (b) 150 J (c) 600 J (d) zero

2. A uniform chain of length 2 m is kept on a table such that a length of 60 cm hangs

freely from the edge of the table. The total mass of the chain is 4 kg. What is the work
done in pulling the entire chain on the table?
(a) 7.2 J (b) 3.6 J (c) 120 J (d) 1200 J

3. A body of mass 20 kg is initially at a height of 3 m above the ground. It is lifted to

a height of 2 m from that position. Its increase in potential energy is:
(a) 100 J (b) 392 J (c) 60 J (d) -100 J

4. A body of mass 10 kg is travelling with uniform speed of 5 m/s. Its kinetic energy
is:
(a) 25 J (b) 125 J (c) 1250 J (d) 1000 J

5. A ball is dropped from a height of 1 m. If the coefficient of restitution between the

surface and ball is 0.6, the ball rebounds to a height of:
(a) 0.6 m (b) 0.4 m (c) 1 m (d) 0.36 m

6. A quantity of work of 1000 J is done in 2 seconds. The power utilised is:

(a) 998 W (b) 1002 W (c) 2000 W (d) 500 W
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7. When the linear momentum of a particle is increased by 1%, its kinetic energy
increases by x%. When the kinetic energy of the particle is increased by 300%, its
linear momentum increases by y%. The ratio of y to x is:
(a) 300 (b) 150 (c) 100 (d) 50

8. The kinetic energy acquired by a mass m in travelling distance d, the starting from
the rest under the action of a constant force, is directly proportional to:
(a) m (b) mo

9. A body of mass 10 kg moving at a height of 2 m, with uniform speed of 2 m/s. Its

total energy is:
(a) 316 J (b) 216 J (c) 116 J (d) 392 J

10. Two masses 1 g and 4 g are moving with equal kinetic energies. The ratio of the
magnitudes of their linear momenta is:
(a) 4 : 1 (b) 1 : 2 (c) 0 : 1 (d) 1 : 6

11. A body of mass 10 kg is initially at a height of 20 m above the ground. It falls to a

height of 5 m above the ground. Its potential energy in the new position is:
(a) 490 J (b) 50 J (c) 100 J (d) 300 J
12. A man of 60 kg weight is standing at rest on a platform. He jumps up vertically a
distance of 1 m and the platform at the same instant moves horizontally forward with
the result that the man lands 1 meter behind the point on the plate form where they
took the jump the total work done by the man at the instant he lands is:
(a) 300 J (b) 150 J (c) 600 J (d) zero

13. A marble moving with some velocity collides perfectly elastically head-on with
another marble at rest having mass 1.5 times the mass of the colliding marble. The
percentage of kinetic energy by the colliding marble after the collision is:
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(a) zero (b) 50% (c) 100% (d) 60%

14. A body of mass 100 kg falls from a height of 10 m. Its increase in kinetic energy
is:
(a) 9800 J (b) 1000 J (c) 5000 J (d) 3000 J

15. An isolated particle of mass m is moving in a horizontal plane (x-y), along the x-
axis, at a certain height above the ground. It suddenly explodes into two fragments of
masses m/4 and 3m/4.
An instant later, the smaller fragment is at y = + 15 cm. The larger fragment at this
instant is at:
(a) y = -5 cm (b) y = +20 cm (c) y = +5 cm (d) y = -20 cm

16. Match the Column – I with Column – II:

Column – I Column – II
(i) Work done by constant force (1) Mass X height X acceleration due to
gravity
(ii) Work done by variable force (2) Work / time
𝑥𝑓
(iii) Kinetic energy of a moving body
(3) ∫ 𝐹⃗ (𝑥 )𝑑𝑥
𝑥
𝑖
(iv) Potential Energy of a body (4) Force X displacement
(v) Power (5) ½ mv2
(a) (i)-(4), (ii)-(3), (iii)-(5), (iv)-(1), (v)-(2) (b) (i)-(2), (ii)-(3), (iii)-(5), (iv)-(1), (v)-(4)
(c) (i)-(4), (ii)-(5), (iii)-(3), (iv)-(1), (v)-(2) (d) (i)-(5), (ii)-(3), (iii)-(1), (iv)-(4), (v)-(2)

17. During the perfectly elastic collision, which of the following is conserved?
(a) Linear momentum of the each body is conserved.
(b) Kinetic energy of the each body is conserved.
(c) Linear momentum of the system is conserved.
(d) None of the above.
(a) 100 J (b) 392 J (c) 60 J (d) -100 J
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18. A body of mass 10 kg is moved parallel to the ground, through a distance of 2 m.

The work done against gravitational force is:
(a) 196 J (b) -196 J (c) 20 J (d) zero

19. A ball is dropped from a height of 1 m. If the coefficient of restitution between the
surface and ball is 0.6, the ball rebounds to a height of:
(a) 0.6 m (b) 0.4 m (c) 1 m (d) 0.36 m

20. An electric heater of rating 1000 W is used for 5 hrs per day for 20 days. The
electrical energy utilised is:
(a) 150 kWh (b) 200 kWh (c) 100 kWh (d) 300 kWh

21. Find the angle between force 𝐹⃗ = (3𝑖 + 4𝑗̂ + 5𝑘) unit and displacement 𝑑 = (5𝑖 +
4𝑗̂ + 3𝑘 unit.
(a) cos-1(23/25) (b) cos-1(21/29) (c) sin-1(1/2) (d) sin-1(2/5)

22. It is well known that a raindrop falls under the influence of the downward
gravitational force and the opposing resistive force. The latter is known to be
proportional to the speed of the drop but is otherwise undetermined. Consider a drop
of mass 1.00 g falling from a height 1.00 km. It hits the ground with a speed of 50.0
ms-1. What is the work done by the unknown resistive force?

(a) − 8.75 J (b) − 4.75 J (c) − 0.75 J (d) − 18.75 J

23. A cyclist comes to a skidding stop in 10 m. During this process, the force on the
cycle due to the road is 200 N and is directly opposed to the motion. (a) How much
work does the road do on the cycle?
(a) – 2000 J (b) – 200 J (c) – 20 J (d) – 2 J
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24. A police officer fires a bullet of mass 50 g with speed 200 ms -1 on soft plywood of
thickness 2 cm. The bullet emerges with only 10% of its initial kinetic energy. What
is the emergent speed of the bullet?
(a) 63.2 ms–1 (b) 34.5 ms–1 (c) 23.6 ms–1 (d) 50.0 ms–1

25. A woman pushes a trunk on a railway platform which has a rough surface. She
applies a force of 100 N over a distance of 10 m. Thereafter, she gets progressively
tired and her applied force reduces linearly with distance to 50 N. The total distance
through which the trunk has been moved is 20 m. Calculate the work done by the two
forces over 20 m.
(a) 1750 J (b) 0 J (c) 50 J (d) 1000 J

26. A bob of mass m is suspended by a light string of length L. It

is imparted a horizontal velocity vo at the lowest point A such
that it completes a semi-circular trajectory in the vertical plane
with the string becoming slack only on reaching the topmost
point, C as shown in Figure.
What is the formula of vo?
(b) √3𝑔𝐿

(c) √2𝑔𝐿 (d) √𝑔𝐿

27. A bob of mass m is suspended by a light string of length L.
It is imparted a horizontal velocity vo at the lowest point as shown
in Figure.
What is the formula of vo at A such that bob oscillates in semi-
circle?
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28. Consider a typical simulation with a car of mass 1000 kg moving with a speed
18.0 km/h on a smooth road and colliding with a horizontally mounted spring of spring
constant 6.25 × 103 Nm–1.
What is the maximum compression of the spring?
(a) 2.00 m (b) 3.25 m (c) 4.00 m (d) 9.25 m

29. An elevator can carry a maximum load of 1800 kg (elevator + passengers) is

moving up with a constant speed of 2 ms–1. The frictional force opposing the motion
is 4000 N. Determine the minimum power delivered by the motor to the elevator in
kilowatts.
(a) 44 (b) 44000 (c) 440 (d) 22000

30. A body is initially at rest. It undergoes one-dimensional motion with constant

acceleration. The power delivered to it at time t is proportional to:
(a) t1/2 (b) t (c) t3/2 (d) t2

31. A body is moving unidirectionally under the influence of a source of constant

power. Its displacement in time t is proportional to:
(a) t1/2 (b) t (c) t3/2 (d) t2

32. A pump on the ground floor of a building can pump up water to fill a tank of
volume 30 m3 in 15 min. If the tank is 40 m above the ground, and the efficiency of
the pump is 30%, how much electric power is consumed by the pump?
(a) 43.6 kW (b) 43.6 W (c) 4360 kW (d) 436.60 W

33. A force (𝐹⃗ = 15 + 0.50 𝑥) acts on a particle in the x-direction, where F is in newton
and x in metre. Find the work done by this force during a displacement from x = 0 to
x = 2.0 m.
(a) 31 J (b) 0 J (c) 21 J (d) 50 J
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34. A shell in flight explodes into four unequal parts. Which of the following is
conserved?
(a) Potential energy (b) Linear Momentum

(c) Kinetic Energy (d) Both (a) and (c)

35. A moving body of mass m and velocity 3 km per hour collides with a rest body of
mass 2m and strikes to it. Now the combined mass starts to move. What will be the
combined velocity?
(a) 1 km/h (b) 3 km/h (c) 5 km/h (d) 0 km/h

36. On a frictionless surface, a block of mass m moving at speed v collides

elastically with another block of mass m which is initially at rest. After collision the
first block moves at an angle to its initial direction and has a speed v/3. The second
block’s speed after the collision is:

37. A gardener pushes a lawn roller through a distance of 20 m. If he applies a force

of 20 kg with in a direction in blind at an angle 60 degree to the ground find the work
done by the gardener.
(a) 1960 J (b) 1000 J (c) 0 J (d) 60 J

38. A person is holding a bucket by applying a force of 10 Newton. He moves a

horizontal distance of 5 m and then climbs up a vertical distance of 10 m. Find the
total work done by him.
(a) 100 J (b) 2000 J (c) 50 J (d) 60 J

39. If force 𝐹⃗ = (𝑖 + 5𝑗̂ + 7𝑘) acts on a particle and displaces it through 𝑑 = (6𝑖 + 9𝑘).
Calculate the work done if the force is in newton and displacement is in metre.
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(a) 69 J (b) 90 J (c) 50 J (d) 60 J

40. A uniform chain of length 2 metre is kept on a table such that a length of 60 cm
hangs freely from the edge of the table. The total mass of the chain is 4 kg. What is
the work done in pulling the entire chain on the table? Take g = 10 ms -2.
(a) 12 N (b) 112 N (c) 22 N (d) 32 N

41. A force F acting on an object varies with

distance x as shown in figure. The force is in
newton and distance x is in metre. The work
done by the force in moving the object from x = 0 to x = 6 m is:

(a) 12.2 J (b) 13.5 J

(c) 9.5 J (d) 0 J

42. A stationary particle explodes into two particles of masses M 1 and M2 which move
in opposite directions with velocities V1 and V2. The relation of their Kinetic energies
E1 & E2 is:
(a) E1 < E2 (b) E1 > E2 (c) E1 = E2 (d) E1/E2 = M1/M2

43. Two springs A and B having spring constants KA and KB (KA = 2KB) are stretched
by applying force of equal magnitude. If energy stored in spring A is E A then energy
stored in spring B will be:
(a) 2 EA (b) EA / 4 (c) EA / 2 (d) 4 EA

44. A child is sitting on a swing, its minimum and maximum heights from the ground
is 0.75 m and 2 m respectively. Its maximum speed will be (in m/s):
(a) 10 (b) 5 (c) 8 (d) 15
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45. The heart of a man pumps 5 litres of blood through the arteries per minute at a
pressure of 150 mm of mercury. If the density of mercury be 13.6 X 10 3 kg/m3 and g
= 10 m/s2 then power of the heart in watt is:
(a) 1.50 (b) 1.70 (c) 2.35 (d) 3.0

46. A ball moving with velocity 2 metre per second collides head on with another
stationary ball of double mass. If the coefficient of restitution is 0.5 then their
velocities after collision will be (in m/s):
(a) 0,1 (b) 1,1 (c) 1,0.5 (d) 0,2

47. The coefficient of restitution e for a perfectly elastic collision is:

(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) ∞ (d) -1

48. A body initially at rest and sliding along a

frictionless track from a height h (as shown in
figure) just completes a vertical circle of diameter
AB = D. The height h is equal to:
(a) 3D/2 (b) 5D/4
(c) 7D/5 (d) D

49. A body projected vertically from the Earth reaches a height equal to Earth's radius
before returning to the earth. The power exerted by the gravitational force is the
greatest:
(a) At the highest position of the body. (b) At the instant just before the body hits the
earth.
(c) It remains constant throughout its path. (d) At the instant just after the body is
projected.

50. The potential energy of a long spring when stretched by 2 cm is U. If the spring is
stretched by 8 cm the potential energy stored in it is:
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(a) U/4 (b) 4 U (c) 8 U (d) 16 U

Assertions and Reasons

In the following questions, statement of assertion (A) is followed by a statement

of reason (R): Mark the correct choice as:
(a) If assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of the
assertion.
(b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of
the assertion.
(c) If assertion is true but reason is false. (d) If both assertion and reason are false.

1. Assertion: When a body moves along a circular path, no work is done by the
centripetal force.
Reason: The centripetal force is used in moving the body along the circular
path and hence no work is done.

2. Assertion: Mass and energy are not conserved separately, but they are
conserved as a single entity called mass-energy.
Reason: Mass and energy are inter-convertible in accordance with Einstein's
relation: E = mc2.

3. Assertion: A chemical reaction is basically a rearrangement of atoms. If the total

energy of the reactants is more than the products of the reaction, heat is released
and the reaction is said to be an exothermic reaction.
Reason: Energy spent against friction does not follow the law of conservation
of energy.

4. Assertion: If momentum of a body increases by 50% its kinetic energy will

increase by 125%.
Reason: Kinetic energy is proportional to square of velocity.

5. Assertion: When a ball collides elastically with a floor, it rebounds with the
same velocity as with its strikes.
Reason: Momentum of earth plus ball system remains constant.
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6. Assertion: In an elastic collision between two bodies, the energy of each body
is conserved. Reason: The total energy of an isolated system is conserved.

7. Assertion: In an elastic collision between two bodies, the relative speed of the
bodies after collision is equal to the relative speed before the collision.
Reason: In an elastic collision, the linear momentum of the system is
conserved.

8. Assertion: A quick collision between two bodies is more violent than a slow
collision even when the initial and final velocities are identical.
Reason: The rate of change of momentum is greater in the first case.

9. Assertion: Kinetic energy is conserved at every instant of elastic collision.

Reason: No deformation of matter occurs in elastic collision.

10. Assertion: A particle strikes head on with another stationary particle such that
the first particle comes to rest after collision. The collision should necessarily be
elastic.
Reason: In elastic collision, there is a loss of momentum of the system of
particles.

11. Assertion: Work done in moving a body over a closed loop is zero for every
force in nature.
Reason: Work done does not depend on nature of force.

12. Assertion: The potential energy stored in the spring is positive, when it is
compassed and negative, when stretched.
Reason: It is in accordance with the sign conversions for positive and negative
work.

13. Assertion: The kinetic energy, with any reference, must

be positive.
Reason: In the expression for kinetic energy, the velocity appears with power of
2.

14. Assertion: The change in kinetic energy of a particle is equal to the work done
on it by the net force.
Reason: Change in kinetic energy of particle is equal to the work done in case
of a system of one particle.
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15. Assertion: The kinetic energy of the body of mass 2 kg and momentum of 2 Ns
is 1 J.
Reason: The kinetic energy of a body in relation to its linear momentum is
given by: 𝐾 =
.

16. Assertion: The earth moving around the sun in a circular orbit is acted upon by
a force and hence work must be done on the earth by this force.
Reason: It is necessary that the work done in the motion of a body over a closed
loop is zero for every force in nature.

17. Assertion: A body is moving along a circular path. No work is done by the
centripetal force.
Reason: Chemical gravitational and nuclear energies are nothing but potential
energies for different types of forces in nature.

18. Assertion: Work done by a body against friction results in a loss of its potential
energy. Reason: In an elastic collision of two bodies the momentum and energy
of each body is conserved.

19. Assertion: In an elastic collision of two billiard balls, the total kinetic energy is
not conserved during the short time of collision of the balls i.e. when they are in
contact. Reason: The relative velocity of two particles in a head on collision
remains unchanged both in magnitude and direction.

20. Assertion: Work Energy theorem is an integral form of Newton’s second law.
Reason: Work-energy theorem involves an integral over an interval of time.

CASE STUDY BASED QUESTIONS

1. Work energy theorem states that – change in kinetic energy of a body is equal to the
work done by the net force. In deriving the theorem, it is assumed that force is effective
only in changing the KE. When the force and displacement are in same direction, KE
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increases and work done is positive. When the force and displacement are in opposite
direction, KE decreases and work done is negative. When the body is in uniform
motion, KE does not change and work done by centripetal force is zero.
Questions
(i) A body of mass 10 kg initially at rest, acquires a velocity of 10 m/s. The work
done is:
(a) -500J (b) 500J (c) 50J (d) -
50J
(ii) How much work must be done by a force on 50 kg body in order to accelerate
from rest to 20 m/s in 10 sec?
(a) 103 J (b) 104 J (c) 2X103 (d) 4X104 J
(iii) A gun of mass M fires a bullet of mass m with maximum speed v. The KE of gun
will be?
(a) ½ mv2 (b) 1/2 Mv2 (c) more than ½ mv2 (d) less than½ mv2
(iv) An unloaded car moving with velocity v on a frictionless road can be stopped in a
distance s. If the passengers add 40% to its weight and breaking force remains the
same then the stopping distance will be:
(a) 1.4 s (b) 1.5 s (c) 1.6 s (d)
1.8 s
(v) A block of mass 10 kg is moving in x direction with a constant speed of 10 m/s. It

is subjected to a retarding force F = - 0.1 xj/m during its travel from x=20m to
x=30m. Final KE will be
(a) 250J (b) 275J (c) 450J (d)
475J

Q2. A force is conservative. (i) if the work done by the force in displacing the body is
independent of the path followed by the particle and (ii) if the work done by the force
in moving a particle around any closed path is zero. Gravitational force, electrostatic
force and elastic force are conservative forces A force is if it can be defined from the
scalar potential energy function U (x) by the relation: F (x) = du(X)/dx
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If the work done by the force in displacing the body, depend S on the path followed
by the particle, then the force is non conservative force . Force of friction and viscosity
are non conservative forces

Questions-
(i) A particle moves along a curve of unknown shape but magnitude of force F is
constant and always act along the tangent to the curve, then
(a) F may be conservative (b) F must be
conservative (c) F may be non conservative. (d) F must be
non conservative.
(ii) Which of the following is not a conservative force?
(a) Gravitational force (b) electrostatic force (c) Force of friction (d) magnetic
force (iii) The potential energy of a body is given by U= A-Bx2, x is displacement.
The magnitude of the force acting on the particle is:
(a) Constant (b) proportional to x
(c) proportional to x2 (d)inversely proportional to x
(iv) The potential energy of a system increases if work is done:
(a) upon the system by a non-conservative force (b) by system against the
conservative force
(c) by the system against non-conservative (d) upon the system by a conservative
force (v) A particle is moving in a circular path of radius a under the action of
attractive potential Energy: U= k/2r2. Its total energy is:
(a) k/2 (b) 2k (c) zero (d) k/4a

Q3. In all collisions, total linear momentum is conserved, while the total KE of the
system is not necessarily conserved. If there is no loss of KE during a collision it is
called an elastic collision. The collision between atoms and sub atomic particles are
truly elastic. If there is a loss of KE during a collision it is called inelastic collision.
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During collision, a part of kinetic energy may convert into heat and sound. When two
bodies stick together after a collision, the collision is perfectly inelastic.
QUESTIONS:
(i) A particle of mass m1 moves with velocity v1, collides with another particle at rest

of equal mass. The velocity of second particle after collision is

(a) 2v1 (b) v1 (c) –v1 (d) zero
(ii) A body moving with a velocity v, breaks up into two equal parts. One of the parts
retraces back with a velocity v. The velocity of other part is
(a) v in forward direction (b) 3v in forward direction
(c) v in backward direction (d) 3v in backward direction
(iii) When a body is moves with constant speed in a circular path, then
(a) Work done will be zero (b) acceleration will be zero
(c) Force acting on body is zero (d) velocity is constant
(iv) In an inelastic collision, what is conserved?
(a) Kinetic energy (b) linear momentum (c) both (a) and (b) (d) neither (a)
nor (b) (v) A body of mass m1, collides elastically with another body of mass m 2, at
rest. There is maximum transfer of energy when
(a) m1 > m2 (b) m1 < m2 (c) m1 = m2 (d) same for all values of m1
and m2

Q4.Work is said to be done when a force applied on the body and the body displaces
through a certain distance in the direction of force Let a constant force F be applied
on the body such that it makes an angle θ with the horizontal and body is displaced
through a distance s. Then work done by the force in displacing the body through a
distance s is given by:
W = (F cos θ) s = Fs cos θ ⇒ W = (F cos θ) s = Fs cos θ or W =
Positive work means that force (or its component) is parallel to displacement 0º ≤ θ <
90º and negative work means that force (or its component) is opposite to displacement
90º < θ ≤ 180º
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Questions
(i) A body displaces through a distance of 20m on applying a force of 20 newton in a
direction inclined at 60 degree to the ground. The work done is:
(a) 100J (b) 200J (c) 300J (d) 400J
(ii) A person holding a bucket by applying a force of 10N. He moves a horizontal
distance of 5m and then climbs up a distance of 10m. The total work done by the
person is:
(a) zero (b) 10J (c) 50J (d) 100J
(iii) A ball moves on frictionless inclined table without slipping. The work done by
the table surface on the ball is:
(a) positive (b) negative (c) zero (d) none of these
(iv) A body moves through a distance of 10m when a force of 10 N is applied on it. If
he work done is 25 J, then the angle between the force and direction of motion is
(a) 300 (b) 450 (c) 600 (d) none of these
(v) The work done by a force:
(a) may be positive (b) may be negative (c) may be zero (d) all
of these Q5. When the magnitude and direction of a force varies with position, the
work done by such a force for an infinitesimal displacement is given by: dW=

The total work done in going from A to B is:

Area under force displacement curve with proper algebraic sign represents work done
by the force. Work done depends on magnitude of force, displacement and the angle
between direction of force and direction of motion.
Questions:
(i) No work is done if
(a) Displacement is zero (b) Force is zero
(c) Force and displacement are mutually perpendicular (d) All of these
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(ii) The magnitude of work done by a force

(a) Depends on frame of reference (b) Does not depend on frame of reference
(c) Cannot be calculated in non-inertial frames (d) Both (a)
and (b) (iii) In which of the following work is being not done?
(a) Shopping in the supermarket (b) Standing with a
basket of fruit on the head
(c) Climbing a tree (d) Pushing a wheel barrow
(iv) A particle moves under a force F = CX from X = 0 to X = X1. The work done is:
(a) C(X1)2 (b) C(X1)3 (c) ½ C(X1)2 (d) zero
(v) The work done by an applied force F = x + x3 from x = 0 m to x = 2 m, where x is
displacement is:
(a) 6J (b) 8J (c)10J (d) 12J

Q6. When a force is applied on a body and the body is displaced in the direction of
force, then the kinetic energy of the body changes. This change in the kinetic energy
of the body is measured in terms of work, i.e. the change in kinetic energy of the body
must be equal to work done. It is also known as work energy theorem. If m is the
mass of body, u is initial velocity of body, v is final velocity of body then Work done
= Change in kinetic energy, W= ½ mv2- ½ mu2 Questions:
(i) The kinetic energy of a body of mass 2kg and momentum 2N
(a) 1J (b) 2J (c) 3J (d) 4 J
(ii) Two bodies of mass m and 4m have equal kinetic energies. Ratio of their linear
momenta is:
(a) 1:4 (b)1:2 (c) 1:1
(d) 2:1 (iii) If the momentum is increase by 20% , then the KE is increases
by:
(a) 48% (b) 40 % (c) 44 % (d) 35 %
(iv) Which of the following must be known in order to determine the power output of
an automobile?
(a) Final velocity and height (b) Mass and amount of work performed
 20

(c) Force exerted and distance of motion (d) Work performed and elapsed time of
work (v) When a force is applied on a body of mass 20kg, it changes its velocity from
5m/s to 10 m/s.
The work done by the force is:
(a) 550J (b) 650J (c) 750J (d) 850J

Q7. Potential energy is defined only for conservative forces. In the space occupied
by conservative forces every point is associated with certain energy which is called
the energy of position or potential energy When a spring is stretched or compressed
from its normal position (x = 0) by a small distance x, a restoring force is produced in
spring to bring it to the normal position.
According to Hooke’s law this restoring force is proportional to the displacement x
and its direction is always opposite to displacement. Then potential energy of spring
is given by: U = 1/2 kx2. If spring is stretched from initial position x1 to final position
x2 then work done = Increment in elastic potential energy = ½ k (x22- x12) Questions:
(i) If two particles are brought near one another, the potential energy of the
system will (a) Increase (b) Decrease (c) Remains the same (d)
Equal to the K.E.
(ii)If stretch in a spring of force constant k is doubled then the ratio of elastic potential
energy in the two cases will be:
(a) 4:1 (b)1:4 (c)2:1 (d)1:2
(iii) The energy stored in wounded spring watch is:
(a) Kinetic (b) Potential (c) Heat (d) Chemical
(iv) A spring of force constant 800N/m has an extension of 5cm. The work done in
extending it from 5cm to 15 cm is:
(a) 4J (b) 8J (c) 12J (d) 16J
(v) When a spring is stretched by 2cm, it stores 100 J of energy. If it is stretched further
by 2cm, the stored energy will be increased by:
(a) 100J (b) 200J (c) 300J (d) 400J
 21

Q8. In everyday life, the term work is

used to refer to any form of activity that
requires the exertion of mental or
muscular efforts. In physics, work is said
to be done by a force or against the
direction of the force, when the point of
application of the force moves towards or
against the direction of the force. If no displacement takes place, no work is said to be
done. Questions:
(i) A box is pushed through 4.0 m across a floor offering 100 N force. How much work
is done by the applied force?
(a) 100J (b) 200 J (c) 300 J (d) 400 J
(ii) What is work done in holding a 15 kg suitcase while waiting for 15 minutes?
(a)22.5 J (b)225 J (c) zero (d)
150 J (iii) Frictional forces are:
(a) conservative forces (b) non- conservative forces (c) buoyant force (d) none
of these (iv) When the body moves in circular motion, net 'work' done is:
(a) positive (b) negative (c) zero (d) none of these
(v) Force of 4N is applied on a body of mass 20 kg. The work done in 3rd second is:
(a) 2J (b)4J (c) 6J (d) 8J

Q9. In physics, we come across many examples of collisions. The molecules of a gas
collide with one another and with the container. The collisions of a neutron with an
atom is well known. In a nuclear reactor, fast neutrons produced in the fission of
uranium atom have to be slowed down. They are, therefore, made to collide with
hydrogen atom. The term collision does not necessarily mean that a particle or a body
must actually strike another. In fact, two particles may not even touch each other and
 22

yet they are said to collide if one particle influences the motion of the other. When
two bodies collide, each body exerts an equal and opposite force on the other. The
fundamental conservation law of physics are used to determine the velocities of the
bodies after the collision. Collision may be elastic or inelastic. Thus a collision may
be defined as an event in which two or more bodies exert relatively strong forces on
each other for a relatively short time. The forces that the bodies exert on each other
are internal to the system. Almost all the knowledge about the sub-atomic particles
such as electrons, protons, neutrons, muons, quarks, etc. is obtained from the
experiments involving collisions. There are certain collisions called nuclear reactions
in which new particles are formed. For example, when a slow neutron collides with a
U235 nucleus, new nuclei barium-141 and Kr92 are formed. This collision is called
nuclear fission. In nuclear fusion, two nuclei deuterium and tritium collide (or fuse)
to form a helium nucleus with the emission of a neutron.
QUESTIONS -
Q.1 Which one of the following collisions is not elastic?
(a) A hard steel ball dropped on a hard concrete floor and rebounding to its
original height.
(b) Two balls moving in the same direction collide and stick to each other (c)
Collision between molecules of an ideal gas.
(d) Collisions of fast neutrons with hydrogen atoms in a fission reactor.

(ii) Which one of the following statements is true about inelastic collision?
(a)The total kinetic energy of the particles after collision is equal to that before
collision.
(b) The total kinetic energy of the particle after collision is less than that before
collision.
(c) The total momentum of the particles after collision is less than that before
collision.
(d) Kinetic energy and momentum are both conserved in the collision.
(iii) In elastic collision:
(a) Only energy is conserved. (b) Only momentum is conserved.
 23

(c) Neither energy nor momentum is conserved.

(d) Both energy and momentum are conserved.
Q10 Work is said to be done by the force acting on a body, provided the body is
displaced actually in any direction except in a direction perpendicular to the direction
of force. Mathematically,
W = 𝐹⃗ . 𝑆⃗ = F S cos ϴ. Here energy is the capacity of a body to do the work;

Power is the rate at which the body can do the work. P

Both work and energy are measured in joule and power is measured in watt.
QUESTIONS -
(i) A box is pushed through 4.0 m across a floor offering 100N resistance. Work done
by the applied force is:
(a) 400J (b) -400J (c) 25J (d) 0.04J (ii)
In the above question, work done by the resisting force is:
(a) 400J (b) -400J (c) 25J (d) -25J
(iii) In the above question, work done by gravity is
(a) 400J (b) -400J (c) zero (d) -25J
(iv) A truck draws a tractor of mass 1000kg at a steady rate of 20ms-1 on a level road.
The tension in the coupling is 2000N. Power spent on the tractor is:
(a) 40W (b) 20W (c) 20kW (d) 40kW
Q11.Potential energy of a body is the energy possessed by the body by virtue of its
position P.E. = m g h where the symbols have their usual meaning. Kinetic energy
of a body is the energy possessed by the body by virtue of its velocity. K.E. = 1mv2
Energy can neither be created nor be
2
destroyed. However energy can be changed from one form to the other, such that
energy appearing in one form is equal to the energy disappearing in other form.
QUESTIONS
(i) A body of mass 1kg is allowed to fall freely under gravity. The momentum of the
body 5 second after it starts falling is:
 24

(a) 100 kgms-1 (b) 50 kgms-1 (c) 150 kgms-1 (d) 200 kgms-1
(ii) Kinetic energy of the body at the same time is
(a) 1250 J (b) 2500 J (c) 625 J (d) 2500 J
(iii) The body will attain this K.E. when it fall freely from a height
of (a) 125m (b) 250m (c) 1250m (d) 2500m
(iv) Velocity of the body on striking the ground will be:
(a) 25m/s (b) 12.5m/s (c) 50m/s (d) 100m/s
(v) The ratio of P.E. to K.E. at a height of 62.5 m above the ground is
(a) 2 (b) 1 (c) 3 (d) 4
Q12. An elastic collision is a collision in which there is no net loss in kinetic energy
in the system as a result of the collision. Both momentum and kinetic energy are
conserved quantities in elastic collisions.

QUESTIONS
(i) In which motion, momentum changes but K.E does not?
(a) Circular motion (b) Parabolic motion (c) Straight line motion (d) None
of these (ii) The coefficient of restitution for elastic collision is:
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) -1 (d) infinite
(iii)Two balls at the same temperature collide. What is conserved?
(a) momentum (b) velocity (c) kinetic energy (d) none of these
(iv) Momenta of two objects moving with same speed but in opposite direction upon
collision is:
(a) Increased (b) decrease (c) Zero (d)
none of these (v) In elastic collision, the relative speed of
 25

approach and separation is: (a) Equal (b)unequal (c)zero

(d) infinite

Q13. In nature we have various types of forces. A force is said to be a conservative

force if work done by (or against) the force for moving an object from one position to
another position depends on these two initial and final) points but is independent of
other factors like the nature of path followed or velocity of object. It is also found that
work done on an object against the conservative force present there gets stored up as
the potential energy of the object. When external constraints are removed, the stored
potential energy manifests itself as kinetic energy. lf above mentioned conditions are
not fulfilled then force is called a non-conservative force.

(a) Give two examples of conservative forces.

(b) Three girls of same mass climb through a certain height h' following different paths

shown as A, B and C in the figure. In which case is the work done against gravity
maximum and in which case it is minimum?
(c) An object is taken from position A to B via a path ACB and then brought back to

position A via another path BDA. If the force involved is a conservative force, then
show that net work done for entire closed path is zero.
(d) What is a non conservative force? Give two examples
(e) Under which condition is the principle of conservation of mechanical energy valid?
 30

ANSWER KEY MCQs

1. (c) 600 J 2. (b) 3.6 J 3. (b) 392 J 4. (b) 125 J 5. (d) 0.36 m
6. (d) 500 W 7. (d) 50 8. (b) mo 9. (b) 216 J 10. (b) 1 : 2
11. (a) 490 J 12. (c) 600 J 13. (a) zero 14. (a) 9800 J 15. (a) y = -5 cm
16. (a) (i)-(4), (ii)-(3), (iii)-(5), (iv)-(1), (v)-(2) 17. (c) Linear momentum of the
system is conserved. 18. (d) zero 19. (d) 0.36 m 20. (c) 100 kWh
21. (a) cos- 8.75 J 23. (a) – 2000 J 24. (a)
63.2 ms–1

25. (a) 1750 J 27. (c) √2𝑔𝐿 28. (a) 2.00 m

29. (a) 44 30. (b) t 31. (c) t3/2 32. (a) 43.6 kW
33. (a) 31 J 34. (b) Linear Momentum 35. (a) 1 km/h

37. (a) 1960 J 38. (a) 100 J 39. (a) 69 J 40. (a) 12 N
41. (b) 13.5 J 42. (a) E1 < E2 43. (a) 2 EA 44. (b) 5 m/s 45. (b) 1.70 W
46. (a) 0,1 47. (a) 1 48. (b) 5D/4
49. (b) At the instant just before the body hits the earth. As P = F.v Both F & v are

maximum at the instant just before the body hits the earth.
50. (d) 16 U

Answer Key (Assertions and Reasons)

1. (c) 2. (a) 3. (c) 4. (a) 5. (b) 6. (d) 7. (d)

8. (a) 9. (a) 10. (d) 11. (d) 12. (a) 13.(a) 14.(C)
15. (a) 16. (d) 17. (b) 18. (d) 19. (C) 20. (a)

ANSWER KEY (CASE STUDY BASED QUESTIONS)

Q1. (i) a (ii) b (iii) d (iv) a (v) d
Q2. (i) d (ii) c (iii) b (iv) b (v) c
Q3. (i) c (ii) b (iii) a (iv) b (v) c
Q4. (i) b (ii) d (iii) c (iv) d (v) d
Q5. (i) d (ii) a (iii) c (iv)c (v) c
Q6. (i) a (ii) b (iii) c (iv) d (v) c
31

Q7. (i) a (ii) a (iii) b (iv) b (v) c

Q8. (i) d (ii) c (iii) b (iv) c (v) a
Q9. (i) b (ii) b (iii)d
Q10. (i) a (ii) b (iii) c (iv) d
Q11. (i) b (ii) a (iii) a (iv) c (v) b
Q12. (i) a (ii) b (iii) a (iv) c (v) a
Q13. (a) Gravitational force, force of gravity and elastic force in a spring are example
of Conservative forces.
(b) Work done by all the three girls is exactly the same (w = mgh), because the force
of gravity is a conservative force So work done does not depend on the nature of the
path
(c)Work done to take an object from position A to B via path ACB and path ADB
will be exactly the same if the force involved is a conservative force. W ACB = WADB
It is also clear that work done to take the object from position B to position A via
path BDA will be: WBDA= -WADB. Total work done for entire closed path BDA
W= WACB + WBDA = WADB- WADB = ZERO
(d) A force is said to be non-conservative if work done by/against it for moving an
object from one position to another depends on the nature of path followed besides
the two positions. Moreover, work done against a non-conservative force is never
stored as potential energy but is dissipated as heat energy. Friction and viscous force
are examples of non conservative forces. (e) The principle of conservation
of mechanical energy is valid only when conservative forces are present in the
system.