BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
Certified to be the Bonafide project work in CHEMISTRY done
by ___________________, Register number
______________________
Of class XII___ of D.A.V GIRLS SENIOR SECONDARY
SCHOOL,
GOPALAPURAM, CHENNAI-600 086 during the year 2023-
24.
__________________
______________________
Signature of Principal Signature of Subject Teacher
School Seal
Submitted for the practical examination held on________at
D.A.V. GIRLS SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL,
GOPALAPURAM,
CHENNAI-600 086
External examiner Internal examiner
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to offer my sincere thanks to our Principal Mrs.
Radha Venkatesh for giving me the opportunity to do this
project, which was a wonderful knowledge gaining experience.
I also extend my gratitude to our Chemistry teachers Mrs.
S.Sindhu and Mrs. K.P.Bindu for guiding me in the completion
of this project successfully. I also thank our lab attender Mrs.
K.Dhanalakshmi in helping me with all the requirements
INDEX
SN TITLE
O
1. AIM
2. INTRODUCTION
3. PROCEDURE
4. OBSERVATION
5. RESULT,BIBLIOGRAPHY
6. PHOTO GALLERY
AIM:
To detect the presence of carbohydrates, proteins, oils and fats
and minerals in vegetable juices.
MATERIALS REQUIRED:
Test Tube
Vegetable juice
Burner
Iodine Solution
Sodium Hydroxide Solution (NaOH)
Fehling’s Solution A & B
Ammonium Hydroxide Solution (NH4OH)
Disodium Hydrogen Phosphate Solution (Na2HPO4)
INTRODUCTION:
Important nutrients are necessary for our body to maintain its
healthy state. For this reason, it is essential that we eat a diet rich
in wholesome foods that will provide our bodies with the daily
nourishment they require. Vitamins, minerals, proteins, fats,
carbs, and other nutrients all have a distinct and essential role in
the development and maintenance of the organism.
The goal of this study is to identify the different components and
compositions of fruits and vegetables. A balanced diet may be
planned with the aid of nutritional analysis. Following is a brief
note on these nutrients
1.CARBOHYDRATES:
The substances that create optically active polyhydroxy
aldehydes or ketones upon hydrolysis are known as
carbohydrates. The most prevalent energy source in living things
is carbohydrate. Fruits, sweets, and carbonated beverages are
foods high in simple carbs. Complex carbs are found in breads,
pastas, rice, bran, potatoes, beans, and cereals. Like starch in
plants and glycogen in animals, carbohydrates are utilised as
store molecules in biology.
2.PROTIENS:
Proteins (also known as polypeptides) are organic compounds
made of amino acids arranged in a linear chain and folded into a
globular form. Many animal bodily components, including
muscles, skin, and hair, are made of proteins. Each molecule is
made up of amino acids. Amino acids are needed by the body to
repair damaged proteins and make new proteins, a process
known as protein retention. The main sources of protein include
meat, fish, legumes, milk, etc.
3.STARCH:
Starch is a tasteless, fluffy white powder that is insoluble in cold
water, alcohol, and other solvents. Starch is a polysaccharide
made up of 1,4 linkages between glucose monomers. The
chemical formula of the starch molecule is (C6H10O5)n. Foods
that are high in starch are a good source of nutrition. They are
broken down into glucose, which is the body’s main fuel,
particularly for our brain and muscles, after they are ingested. B
vitamins, iron, calcium, and folate are all essential nutrients
found in starchy foods.Starch is widely used as a binder in the
wet granulation process of massing and screening which is an
important step in the production of tablets, capsules.
4.MAGNESIUM:
Magnesium is an essential mineral required by the body for
muscle and nerve function, maintaining heart rhythm, building
strong bones, and energy production. deficiency in magnesium
can lead to numbness, abnormal heart rhythms, and coronary
spasms. In the long term, magnesium deficiency increases the
risk of stroke, and migraine. High magnesium foods include
dark leafy greens, seeds, beans, fish, whole grains, nuts, dark
chocolate, yogurt, avocados
PROCEDURE:
The vegetable juices are diluted using distilled water. The
distilled water is added to it in order to remove color and to
make it colorless so that color change can be easily watched and
noted down. Now test for food substance is taken down with the
solution
Test For Starch – Take 2ml of vegetable juice in a
test tube, and add a few drops of iodine solution to it.
If the solution turns blue in color it indicates the
presence of starch.
Test for Proteins – Take 5ml of 5% of NaOH
solution and add 2 drops of CusO4 known as burial
solution and add juice and shake well. If the solution
turns violet in color it indicates the presence of
proteins.
Test For Carbohydrates – Take 2ml of Tehling’s
solution A and B and 1ml of Tehling’s solution B in a
Test tube. If the solution turns red it indicates the
presence of sugar like maltose, glucose, fructose and
lactose.
Test for Magnesium – Add NH4OH and excess
Disodium Hydrogen Phosphate to test tube with a
glass rod. White precipitate indicates the presence of
magnesium.
OBSERVATION:
1.TOMATO:
TEST OBSERVATION INFERENCE
STARCH BLUE COLOUR PRESENCE OF STARCH
CARBOHYDAT RED COLOUR PRESENCE
E OF CARBOHYDRATES
PROTIEN VIOLET COLOUR PRESENCE OF PROTIEN
MAGNESIUM NO WHITE ABSENCE OF MAGNESIUM
PRECIPITATE
2.CUSTARD APPLE:
TEST OBSERVATION INFERENCE
STARCH BLUE COLOUR PRESENCE OF STARCH
CARBOHYDRA RED COLOUR PRESENCE OF CARBOHYDRATES
TE
PROTIEN VIOLET COLOUR PRESENCE OF PROTIEN
MAGNESIUM WHITE PERCIPIATE PRESENCE OF MAGNESIUM
3.LIME JUICE:
TEST OBSERVATION INFERENCE
STARCH NO BLUE COLOUR ABSENCE OF STARCH
CARBOHYDRAT NO RED COLOUR ABSENCE OF CARBOHYDRATES
ES
PROTIEN NO VIOLET COLOUR ABSENCE OF PROTIEN
MAGNESIUM WHITE PRECIPITATE PRESENCE OF MAGNESIUM
RESULT:
After performing the tests for carbohydrates, proteins,
starch,magnesium following can be concluded about their
presence in different vegetables and fruits.
Tomato contains carbohydrates, proteins, magnesium.
Custard Apple contains
carbohydrates,proteins ,magnesium,starch
Lemon contains magnesium
Bibliography:
www.thechemistryguru.com
Photo Gallery:
LIME SAMPLE TOMATO SAMPLE
CUSTARD APPLE SAMPLE
